LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE NO._!Q_Q5_4___ DATE^.T.lSflJ. souRCE„fi)]le^e___Y-und.5_.. . ' December 27, 1800. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE a Wtcklu Kllustatcfc Journal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. {ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL. VIM— THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1890. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STBEET, COVENT GABPEN, W.C, 1890, c Pew LONDON : BRAPBURT, AGNEW, & CO. LIMD.. PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. The Qardeners' Chronicle,! [December 27, 1890. INDEX OF CONTENTS, JULY TO DECEMBER, 1890. -■ V\A*VWV^^" Abelia rupestris, 209 Aberdeenshire, small fruit in, 77 Abies cephalonicn, 719 ; A. concolor, 748 ; A. concolor-violacea, 323, 751 A. Douglasii var. Stairii, 136, 164 A. Eichleri, 136; A. Fraseri. 684 A. nobilis,719; A. Webbiana, 719 Acclimatisation, 68, 105, 187. .'107. G35; in India, 411, 4(34, 497 Acer eriocarpum var. Jiihlkei. 323 Acineta densa, 56") Aconitum Fischeri, 192 Acorn, three plants from one. 133 Actinidia polygama, 216 Adiantum, abnormal growth of, 096 Advertisements, three old, 671 jEcidium aquilegioe, 41 ; Ai. pericly- meni, 42 Afghanistan, products or. 658 Africa, vegetation of Central, 104 Agaricus aggregates in a Mushroom- bed, 446 Agathis australis, 332 Agave attenuata. 560 Agricultural returns, 220, 755 Ainges, the, Jersey, 657 Akebia quinata, 534 Aldenham House, Elstree, 300 Allotment system, the, 414 Alpine garden, 211, 573, 626 Alpines, problems in growing, 211 Amaryllis, the, 719 Amber, 699 American Florists', Society ot, 659 ; Pomological Society. 78 Ammobroma sonoras, 360 Ampelopsis Veitchii, 506 Andromeda hypnoides, 251 Androsace glacialis, 626; A. lanu- ginosa and var. Leichtlinii, 250 Anemone Fannini, 573, 633 ; the gar- den, 719 Angrsecum Ellisii, 214 Ancectochilus regalis, 719 Anthurium Andreanum var. Madame Closon, 103 Antirrhinums, 700; green- flowered, 131 Apiary, the, 78, 188, 244, 271, 328, 383, 440, 574, 595, 666, 759 Apple, Cooling's Beauty of Bath, 220 ; A. Lord Suffield, 725, 750 ; A. Peas- good's Nonsuch, 442 Apples and Pears exhibiting, 600 Apples, chemical manures, for, 631 Apples, in Canada and Nova Scotia, 134 Aquarium and its flower shows, 734 Aquatic plants, hardy. 021 Arachnanthe, 308 ; A. Catluartii, 269 ; A. Clarkei, 269 Araucaria Cuuninghami, 163 ; A. im- bricate. 587, 633, 606; fruiting, 19, 50, 79 ; sexual distinction in, 007, 732, 753 Arbor day in Australia, 220 Arbutus Menziesii, 573; A. unedo, 507 Arisiema flmbriatum, 726 Arthropodium paniculatum, 135 Arundinaria Simoni var. variegata, 565 Arundo Donax, 758 Asaruin cordigerum, 76 Ashby Folville, 18 Asimina triloba, 42 Assimilation, effects of coloured light on, 588 Aster Thomsoni, 279 Asters, 333 ; mixed with other flowers, 361 Aucuba japonica, propagation of, 732 Auricula, the, 298 Auriculas in autumn, 467 Azalea odorata, 25 Azaleas, new late-flowering, 69 Azara microphylla, 687 B Backhouse, the late J., 332, 661 Balanites Roxburghii and Citrullus colocynthis, 40 Billota pseudodictamnns, 192 Bamboos, Australian. 19; hardy, 278: rapid growth of, 332 ; superstitions in connection with, 625 Bananas and Melons in Assyria, 220 Banyan tree of the Staaten river, 526 Barbacenia Bquamata, 408 Barkeria Lindleyana, 624 Barley, proliferous, 248 Bateman, Mr. J„ and his garden, 246 Bauhinia tomentosa var. glabra, 632 Beach & Sons, jams at, 757 Bean Mammoth Longpod, 70 Beccafico and Figs in Sussex, the, 496 Bedford, new recreation ground for, 18, 194 Beech, the copper-coloured, 538 ; the evergreen, 507 ; the round-leaved, 323 Beech tree, a fine, 103 Beet, the French sugar, 736 Begonia Bavaria, 135 ; B., hybrid new, 416 Begonia leaves, diseased, 298 Begonias, tuberous-rooted, 168 ; seed- ling, 446, 700 ; winter-blooming, 559 Belgium, 70, 560, 655 Bidgrove, Queenstown, 491 Beluchistan, fruit in, 443 Berberis Thunbergii, 323 Berkeley, the late Rev. M. J., 103 Berlin letter, 502 Berwick, Shrewsbury, 387 Biennials, sowing and raising. 124 Biguonia purpurea, 249; B. rugosa, 76 Birnam and Busketts, 651, 701 Blackberries against a south wall, 567 Board of Agriculture and open spaces, 273 Booking Place, Braintree, 382 Bog plants, hardy, 621 Boissier's, M , garden, 205 Bolton Abbey, 209 Books, &c, Notices of : — Amateur Gardening, 753 ; Annals of Roval Botanic Garden, Calcutta, 219 ; Australian Salsolaceous Plants (F. von Mueller), 031 ; Bees and Bee- keeping, 103 ; Book of the Farm (Stephens), 599 ; Botanical Maga- zine, the. 76. 192, 275, 501. 565, 720 ; British Bookmaker, the, 103 ; British Ferns and where found (E. J. Lowe), 754 ; British Moss Flora (Braith- waite), 535 ; Bulletin of the Royal Botanic Society of Belgium, Index to (Durand), 13-1 ; Catalogue of Bo- tanical Works ( Vulau # Co.), 694; Check List of Canadian Plants, 753 ; Choice Ferns, Book of, 382 ; Chrys- anthemum Catalogue of theNational Chrysanthemum Society, 470 ; Com- mercial Botanv of the Nineteenth Century (J. B' Jackson), 692 ; Con- Boectus Flora; Europa; (Nyman), 48 ; Diseases of Crops, and their Reme- dies (A. B. Griffith), 417; Flora of North Wales (Darlington), 163; Forest Flora of South Australia (■/. E. Brown), 565 ; Flora of Warwick- shire (Bagnall), 754 ; Fruit Farming for Profit, up to Date (G. Bunyard), 417 ; Gardeners' Magazine, 753 ; Gentlewoman, the, 103 ; Grassei of Texas, &c. (Vasey), 727; Gym- nospermen, die (Celakovsky), 726; Histoire des Plantes (Baillon), 277 ; Horticultural Directory, 728 ; Horticulturists' Rule Book (H. L. Bailey), 387 ; Ilortus Botanicus Panormitanus (Todaro), 599 ; Illustrated London Almanac, 599; Illustrationes Flora Ilispania; Insu- larumque Balearium (Williomm), 535 ; Journal of Decorative Art Annual, 728; Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 247 ; Katechismus der Zimmergaert- neri (Lebl), 728 ; Kew Bulletin, 76, 247, 332, 598; Mangos of India, Cultivated (C.Maries), 502; Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, pt. vi. (J. Veiteh $ Sons), 40, 48; Masdevallia, the genus, 754; Xatiirlichen pflanzenfamilien, 470 ; Orchid Album, the, 535; Orchids: their Culture and Management ( Watson $• Bean), 40 ; Physiology, Practical (Detmer), 566 ; Reichen- bachia, the, 534, 661 ; Samen, Fiuchte und Keimlinge (it*. F. von Tuheuf), 631; Sap: does it rise from the roots ? (J. A. Reeves), 353 ; Soils and their Properties (Dr. Fream), 360 ; Silva of North America (Sargent), 566; Studies in Evolution and Biology (A. Bodington), 194; Sylvnnus redivivus (M. Houston), 10; Synopsis of the Queensland Flora (F. M. Bailey), 276 ; Timbers, and how to know them ( W. Summer- vUle), 77 ; Tomato Culture for Amateurs (B, C. Bavenscrojt), 473 ; Trees of North-eastern America (C. 3. Newhall), 689; True Grasses, the (Hackel), 598 ; Vegetable Tera- tology (Penzig), 726; Verein Er- furter Handelsgaertner, 535 ; Wat- tles and Wattlebarks (Maiden), 248 ; Work. 134 ; Year Book of Austra- lia, 220; "Zoe,"276 Bordeaux Mixture, the, 247 Boronias, 67 Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, 537 ; Ceylon, 188 ; Chelsea, 74, 472 : Prague, 598 ; Rio de Janeiro, 472 ; Saharunpur, 537 Botanical Exchange Club, 534 ; Stations in America, 496 IV The Gardeners' Ohr-onlole,] INDEX. [December 27, 1690. Botanists, list of famous British and Irish, 25, 254, 444, 536, G95 Botanists, military, 306 Botany, how it is taught, 75 ; teach- ing of, 304 Boulevards in East London, 248 Bouvardia Purity, 384 Boykinia aconitifolia, 279 Breamore House, 466 British Association, 304 British Fruit Growers' Association, 162, 248, 302; at Crawley, 331 British Guiana, 104 Broccoli, early, and late Cauliflower, 635 Brotero, 501 Buchanan, Mr. J., C.M.G., 248 Bulb crops, the, 38 Bulb garden, 214, 354, 388, 590, 669, 688, 719 Bulbs, home-grown, 19 Bull's nursery, Mr. \V., 164 Bunvard, Messrs. G., & Co.'s nursery, 467 Burford Lodge, Dorking, 298 Burmese plants, 630 Burnley Park, 18 Busketts and Birnam, 051, 701 Cabbages, 196, 280 ; early, S08 Cabomba aquatica, 632 Caeoma orchidis and Willows, 41 Cacti, 387 ; in America, 220 Calanthe Veitchii, 354 Calanthes, 718 Calceolaria Pavonis, 384 ; C. Sinclairii, 135 ; the shrubby, 384 Calochortus Madrensis, 391, 421, 687 Camellia, a monster, 634 Campanulas, 105 Campbell's nurseries, Mr., 388 Camphor in Florida, 694 Cannas, 222 ; on lawns, 417 Carnation Grenadin, 105 ; C. Mrs. C. Turner, 70 ; C. Mrs. Reynolds Hole, 12,50 Carnation and Fern Conference, 102, 106 Carnation and Picotee, 244 Carnations, 728 ; florists and border, 333, 361, 388 ; large specimen tree, 105 ; " run," 126 ; winter flowering, 687 Carnations at Chiswick, 80 Carnivorous plants, 754 Carpenteria californica, double, 134, 163 Carter, J., & Co.'s Nursery, 248 Cassia corymbosa, 446, 507 Castle Howard, 321 Catalpa, the, 696 Catasetum barbatum, 685 ; C. naso, 186, 747 ; C. Rodigasianum, 686 ; C. Russellianum, 718 Caterpillar on Uak, 250 Caterpillars obstructing railway trains, 247 Cattleya Bowringiana, a fine flowering, 506, 529, 539, 623, 655 ; C. calum- mata, 381 ; C. Dowiana aurea, with dissimilar flowers, 381 ; C. Eldorado, 135; C. e. venuata, 244; C. Kra- merianax, 11; C. labiata Warsce- wiczii alba, 417 ; C. Mendeli vars., 18 ; C. Patrocinii x , 163 ; C. San- deriana, 78; C. superba, 186; C. Warocqueana, 624, 661 ; C. Warsce- wiczii, 98 Cattleya : which has the largest flowers ? 27 Cauliflower, Carter's Extra Early Autumn Giant, 498 Cauliflower, late, and early Broccoli, 635 Cedars of Lebanon in England, 505 538 Cedars, the Harrow Weald, 136 Celery Fly, the, 168 Celosia pyramidalis pluniosa, 634 ; in autumn, 657, 701 Gateus, night-flowering. 247 Charcoal for Orchids, 7Q, 599 Cheiranthus Marshalli, 196 Chelsea Physic Garden, 74, 472 Cherry, Castle Hill Seedling, 216 Cherry leaves, disease of, 276 Cherries, 505 ; and Plums for profit, 267 ; for market, 508 Chile Pine, the (See Araucaria irabri- cata) China, minor products in, 70 Chinese Introductions, two, 564 Chiswick, Pelargoniums at, 166; Violas at, 215 Christmas decorations, 755 Chrysanthemum, the, 532, 634, 754 ; C. carinatum, 133 ; C. maximum, 138 ; C. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 630 Chrysanthemum gleanings, 527 ; green- flowered, a, 332; grouping, 528; shows, 501 ; sport, 630 ; the wild, 564 Chrysanthemums, 502 ; early-flowering, 524; eel-worms in, 535; for deco- ration, 592 ; for home decoration, 538 ; free-flowering, 536 ; Indian and Chinese, 534; manure for, 389 ; second blooms on, 666, 700 ; sweet- scented, 668, 700 ; trained, 444 Chrysanthemums at Antwerp, 629; Brussels, 566; Ghent, 628; Moor Park, 534; Mytton, 661; Paris, 655 ; the parks, &c, 528 ; Victoria, 277 Chysis aurea, 686 Cinchona in Bengal, 537 Cineraria, the, 592 Cirropetalum Mastersianum, 566 Cistus, hybrid, 621 Citrullus colocynthis and Balanites, 40 Clarke, J., the late, 223 Clarkia, double, 167 Clematis asthusifolia, 216 ; C. David- iana, 192 ; C. patens var. vesta, 556 ; C. Stanleyi, 320, 387 Clerodendron Balfourianum, 135 Clethra arborea, 132 Cobbler's Hea', 756 Cocoa-nut trade in Tahiti. 305 Coelogyne asperata, 566; C. ocellata, 215; C. peltastes, 529, 686 Coffee and tea substitutes, 758 Colchicum Sibthorpii, 388 Colonial notes, 68, 188 Colours of flowers, 136 ; of plants, 132 Combretum purpureum and Ipomcea Horsfalliae, 79 Conferences for 1891, 470 Conifers in Cumberland, 356 Conservatory, heating of, 733 Consols, 443 Convolvulus sepium, 446 Copper sulphate, for Lilies, 728; for the Potato disease, 331 ; solution, formulae for, 69, 73, 155, 193 Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., 13 Corn and flies, Gaelic proverbs of, 138 Coryanthes Bungerothi, 215 Corydalis, 70 Cotoneaster frigida, 694 Cotton plant, a new Egyptian, 331 Cragside, 354 Cranberry culture, 534 Crataegus as a town tree, 730 Creosoted timber, 19 Crows, 756 Crystal Palace, horticultural exhibition at, 628 Cucumber Express, 277 Cultural memoranda, 124 Curcuma Roscoeana. 592 Currants, standard, 667 Cuscuta reflexa, 534 Cutler's, Mr. R. E., jubilee, 536 Cyclamens, 716 Cycnoches chlorochilum, 244 Cymbidium Tracyanum, 718 Cypher's nursery, 95 Cypripedium Arnoldianum x , 632 ; C. Boxalli var. atratum, 661 ; C. De- boisianumx, 747; C, a hybrid, 754; C. insigne Macfarlanei, 655; C. i. Sanderi£e, 561 ; C. Leeanum giganteum.718; C. longifolium, and C. Lowi, 728; C. Morganioex var. Burfordensis, 529; C. Sedeni var, candidulnm, 326 Cypripediums in cold frames, 562 ; winter-flowering, 689 Cytisus Adami x , 94 Dacrydium Franklinii, 323 Daffodils, planting, 214 Dahlia Conference, 247, 358, 362 Dahlia Guiding Star, 307; D. impe- rialis, 632 ; D. Henry Patrick, 306 Dahlias, single, 446 Darjeeling, 38 Deal, the late G., 48 Decaschistia ficifolia, 628 Dendrobium album, 269 ; D. bigibbum and others, 381 ; D. Devonianum, 326; D. Findlayanum, 186; D. for- mosum, 529 ; D. Galliceanum, 215; D. phalaenopsis var. Statterianum, 661 ; D. Schneiderianum X, 530 Diapensia lapponica, 251 Diospyros Kaki, 216 Disease of Begonia leaves, 299 ; of Cherry leaves, 276 ; of Chry- santhemums, 535 ; of Grapes, 657 ; of Hollyhocks, a new, 324 ; of Orchids, 410 ; of Potatos, 220, 222, 249, 361, 599; of Potatos and of Pelargoniums, 217 ; of Potatos in Great Britain, 476 ; of Spiraea, 542 ; of Tomatos, 601 ; of plants, 629 Dendrocalamus sikkimensis, 279 Dodoens, ceremony in honour of, at Brussels, 163 Douro, from the, 37 Dracaena australis, in flower in York- shire, 168 Drawing season, the, 502 Droppers, 76 Dutch Horticultural Society, 76, 727 Dykes of Lincolnshire, 279 Earth, the living, 297, 325, 355 Echinocactus, note on, 161 Edelweiss, 45 Edinburgh Exhibition awards, 443; 1891 Fruit and Flower Show, 198 Edraianthus, 379 Eel-worms in Chrysanthemums, 535 Effingham House, rosery at, 470 Elder, green-berried, 421 Electricity, a vegetable conductor of, 573 Ellacombe'8, Canon, garden, 435 Emigration, 77 Ephedra distachya, 50 Epidendrum vitellinum, double- flowered, 103. 123 Epimediums, 689 Epiphyllums, 733 ; from Chatsworth, 502 Episcia maculata, 192 Eremurus aurantiacus, 598 Eriogonea), 525 Eritrichium nanum, 626 Eryngium glaciale, 391 Erythrohcna conspicua, 416 Escallonia macrantha, 633 Essex Field Club, 387 Eucalyptus globulus, 138, 694 Eucalyptus planting, 79 ; and African fever, 178 Eucharis Bakeriana, 565 Eugenia Ugni, 418 Ewbank's, Mr., garden at Ryde, 523 Fabiana imbricata, 42 Factories' Act, case under, 277 Fairchild's hybrid Pink, 103 Faradaya splendida, 300 Farqubar, farewell entertainment to Mr. R., 630 Fern and Carnation Conference, 102, 106 Ferns, culture of British, 96 Ferns, hardy at Kew, 137 Ferns, nomenclature of, 132, 155, 187, 300 Ferns, scented and others of New Zea- land, 267 Fernery at Nash Court, 103 Fertilisation in cereals, 274 ; without pollen, 218, 295, 361 Figs, consumption of in Northern Italy, 220 ; in Sussex and the Bec- carico, 496 Finsbury Square, pavilion in, 442 Fittonias as wall plants, 49 Flaking in flowers, 20 Flax and hemp, substitutes for, 220 Flora, a popular, 250 Floral arrangements, Japanese, 667 ; decorations, 502 ; design, an Ameri- can, 607 ; parades, 472, 753 Flower garden, management of the, 45, 99, 166, 217, 272, 328, 384, 441, 498, 562, 626, 690 Flower-pot, the Aquaria, 535 Flower show, a children's, 135 Flowers and the perfume industry, 525 ; to open prematurely, 134 Florida, Camphor in, 694 ; the Orange groves of, 12 Florists' flowers, culture of, 11, 126, 244, 298, 388, 421, 467, 504, 591, 666, 687, 719 Fogs and the telephone, 386; and vegetation, 724 Fontainebleau, botanical laboratory at, 631 Foreign correspondence, 421, 502, 560. 592, 633, 655 Forest trees, propagation of, 731 Forestry, 356, 731 Forests, planting of, in the Highlands, 731 ; the utility of, 72, 124 Fraxinus aucubaefolia, 421 ; F. Mariesii, 421 Freesias from seed, 567 Frogs in the garden, 332, 361, 390 Frost, 506, 538, 601, 634, 662, 726; early, 276 Fruit crops, the, 132, 156, 16S, 296, 332 ; in the north, 196 ; in Nova Scotia, 249 ; in the western suburbs, 195 ; report on the condition of the (tabulated), 127 Fruit cultivation, extension of, 630 ; progress in, 699 Fruit Culture, proposed Mansion House fund for, 597 ; pruning in commercial, 438 Fruit evaporating, 190 Fruit growers, hints to, 379 Fruit growing and consuming, 628 Fruit growing in Jersey, G20 Fruit marketing, 631 ; preserving in Kent, 77 ; production in Ireland, 305; register, 19, 135, 187, 216, 240, 329, 357, 3S8, 505 ; Tasmanian, 134 Fruit trees and their situation, 213; grease bands for, 418 ; protecting from frost, 475 ; ripening the wood of, 474 Fruit trees, winter treatment of, 391 Fruits under glass, culture of, 15, 45, 73. 100, 131, 166, 189, 217, 245, 273, 301, 329,- 357, 385, 413, 441, 469, 499, 531, 563, 595, 627, 659, 690, 723, 750 Fruiterers' Company, 193, 275; at Maidstone, 164 ; freedom of, 502 Fuchsia triphylla, 76 Fungi and cancer, illustrations of British, 728 Fungicides, 69 G Ganja plant, the, 170 Garden scholarships, 727 Gardeners' Orphan Fund, 18, 76, 93, 137, 163, 168, 532, 597, 660, 661, 692, 754 The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. LDi o ruber 27, 1890. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion, 248, 598, 694 Gentiana barbata, 503 Geranium Wallichianum,333 Geraniums, 70 Ghent, Chambre Syndicate of, 63, 219, 331, 501, 727 ; interesting ceremony in the flower market at, 135 Gibb, the late Charles, 18 Gladioli, M. Lemoine, &c, 304 ; hardy hybrids, 379 ; illustrations of, 754 Gladiolus, the, 504 ; G., The Bride, 590 GliBosporium Iteticolor, 657 Glenhurst, Esher, Vegetables at, 271 Grammatophyllum Ellisii, 124 Grape Conference, the, 247, 330, 358 ; report of, 363, 446; cracking, 470; culture in Beluchistan, 443 ; for market, 349; Hamburgh, 701 ; Mrs. Pince's Muscat, 419 Grapes, 275 ; disease of, 657 ; and Strawberries, manurial requirements of, 39 Gray Memorial Botanical Chapter, 171 Gray, Mr. J. S., of York, 566 Graythwaite Hall, 624 Greenhouses, new arrangements for, 223 Grislinialittoralis, 087 Goodyera repens, 155 Gooseberries, Standard, 667 Guildhall Fruit Show, the, 386, 414, 419, 442, 567 Gum-producing plant, a, 631 Gumbleton's, Mr. W. E , garden, 494 Gunnera scabra, 387 Gunneras, 665 H Haioh Hall, 351 Hakea laurina, 76 Hardy fruit garden, 49, 100, 131, 167, 189, 217, 245, 273, 301, 329, 357, 385, 413, 469, 499, 531, 563, 595, 627,659, 723, 7."' 1 Harrow Weald, 130 Hawkesyard Park, 40 Hedges, 697 Hemp and Flax, subttitutes for, 220 Hemsley, Mr. W. B., promotion of, 49 Herb Paris and its foe, 270 Herbaceous border, 70 Heredity in plants, 50 Hibberd, the late J. S„ and proposed memorial to, 597, 600, 628, 660, 061, 695, 752 Hoe, a scuffle, 251 Holly and other berries, 601, 732 Hollyhock, the, 214, 220, 276, 467 Hollyhock, Mr. Douglas on the, 246 Hollyhocks, new disease of, 324 Holmes, the late W., and proposed memorial to, 360, 386, 443, 471, 502, 598, 728 Holwood, Kent, 745 ; remarkable trees on the estate, 324, 746 Home nursery, the, 633 Honeyden, North Cray, 444 Hooper, W., & Co.'s, nursery, 13 rockery at, 415 Hop Hornbeam, the, 275 Horticulture, literature of, 387 Horticultural Club, 472, 726; Hall, the, 667 ; sundries, 13 Horticulturists, list of famous, 25, 254, 444, 536, 695 Hot beds, early seed sowing in, 664 Hottonia, 215 Howeia Belmoreana, 74 ; H. Forster- iana, 536, 734 (? Kentia Canterbury- ana) ; H. Forsteriana and H. Bel- moreana compared, 103 Hurst Side. Molesey, 573 Hyacinth Tour d'Auvergne, 77 Hybrid, the first on record, 103 Hybrids, bigeneric. 220 ; sterile and fertile hardy, 497 Hydrangea roseo-alba, 136 Hypericum aureum, 299 Hyphame natalensis, 381 I Iberises, forms of, 68 Idesia polycarpa, 216 Impatiens comorensis, 242 India, 38, 269, 537 India, acclimatisation in, 411, 464, 497 Infusoria, immortality of, 668 Insecticides, fumigating, 538, 669, 701, 732, 757 International Horticultural Congress, 76 Ipomcea Horsfalli.-o and Combretum purpureum, 79 Ipomoeas, 572 Ireland, fruit production in, 305 ; gar- dening and fruit growing in, 221 Iris Gatesii, 18 ; I. Kingiana, 687 ; I. monspur X, 631 ; I. Sindjarensis, 565 Isle of Wight, climate of, 134 Jackman's nursery, 387 Jamaica Bulletin, 695 Jams and preserved fruits, 442 Japanese floral arrangements, 667 Jardin des Plantes, 727 Jersey, fruit in, 592, 620 Justicia carnea rosea, 169 K Kentia Forsteriana, 734 Kerchove, le Corate de, 135 Kerria japonica, 14 Kew. hardy Ferns at, 137 ; plants at, 186, 300, 632 Kirschwasser, production of, in Swit- zerland, 702 Kitchen garden, 15. 45, 73, 101, 131, 161, 189, 217, 245, 301, 329, 357, 385, 413, 441. 469, 531, 563, 595, 627,659,691,723,751 Knole, 683 Knowsley Hall, 463 L.dlia albida, 624 ; L. anceps Broome- ana, 562 ; L. a. Stella, 500 ; L. a., white, 50, 80 ; L. autumnalis alba, 655 ; L. elegans Blenheimensis, 327 ; L. e. Broomeana, 214 ; L. e. Stand Hall var., 327; L. e. Stelz- neriana, 327 ; L. e. Turneri and others, 327; L. Eyermanni, 328; L. prrestans, 661 ; L. Schroderi delicata, 451 Lxlio x Cattleya Cassandra, 529 ; L. X C. Novelty, 354 Lagerstrcemia indica, 468 Laing & Sons' nursery, 123 Landscape gardening, 293, 323 Lapagerias, 390 Lasiandra macrantha, 411 Lathom House, 555 Laurel and its varieties, 572; the Cali- fornian, 598 Law Notes : — Bee swarming, 573 ; Finn v. Grant & Sons' (Factories Act), 277 ; obtaining goods under false pretences, 193 ; raid on Straw- berry grounds, 18 ; Tomkin's trustee v. Sander, 142; Walton Overseers v. Tudgey (rating of nurseries), 331 Leaves, relative size and nnmber of, 538 Leicester, fruit conference at, 162 j Leichtlin's, Herr Max, garden, 5 Leschenaultias, 19 Lettuce, Lamb's, 216 ; L. Neapolitan, 216 ; L. Sutton's Favourite Cabbage, 70 * Leucadendron argenteum, germination of, 360 Liatris, 221 Libonias, 758 Lichens, 168 Lilium auratum, imported, 688 ; L. a, platyphyllum, 250 ; L. Grayi, 134 ; L. Henryi, 380 ; L. longiflorum var. Harrissii, 688 ; L. pardalinum X L, Parry i, 80 Lily, a hybrid, 48, 241 ; a Japanese, 48 Lilies, 46; fasciated, 49; at Wey- bridge, 635 Lime tree, Tinea of the, 497 Limnanthes DouglaBii, 687 Lincoln Park, Palm-house for, 416 Linden's nurseries, 560 Linnaia borealis, 155 Linnajus, statue to, 247 Lithospermum prostratum, 68 Little & Ballantyne's nurserv. 164 Living Earth, the, 297, 325, 355 Llewellyn, Sir J. T. D., 502 Lobelia, Maid of Moray, 412 Locust tree, the, 181 Lodoicea seychellarum 304 ; germinat- ing, 417 Loess earth in Thibet, 630 London, new parks for, and public gar- dens in, 472 London purple, 105, 472; and its effect on trees, 79 London, trees in, 572. (See also Towns) Longleat, gardening at, 695 Luculia gratissima, 732 Luddemannia Pescatorei, 76 Luxembourg Palace Gardens, 417 Lycaste gigantea, 269 Lycesteria formosa, 421 M Magnolia, Exmouth var., 223; grafted on Michelia, 534 ; M. Lenne, fruit of, 442 ; M. Wieseneri, 266 Malpighia ilicifolia, 18 Macodes petola, 412 Manure for Apples, 631 ; for Chrysan- themums, 389 ; for Grapes and Straw- berries, 39; for the garden, 408, 504, 593 ; for Vines, 535 ; liquid, in gardens, 250 Manures, formulas for, 193 Manurial value of wood-ashes, 241 Maples, 307 Mariemont, Chateau de, 631 Market Gardeners', Nurserymen's, and Farmers' Association, 535 Market, new fruit and vegetable, for London, 387 Market v. private gardens, 360 Market-garden women, 105 Marketing fruit, 631 Masdevallia Carderi, 76; M. bella, 686 ; M. Lowii, 269 ; M., the genus, 472 Maxillaria longisepala, 326 McArthur's, Mr., nursery, 326 McKinley Tariff Bill of the United States of America, 607 Mealy-bug, 78 Melampsora betulina, 41 ; M. ver- nalis, 41 Melon Countess, 361 Melons, 333; cracking of, 390; judg- ing, 279 ; and Bananas, in Assyria, 220 Mereworth, Peaches and Nectarines at, 322 Miltonia Bleuana splendens, 530 ; M. spectabilis var. Moreliana, 718 Mitraria coccinea, 13 Montbretias, 306 Montevideo, letters from, 503, 727 Morisia hypog;ca, 503 Morris, Mr. D.. 472 Moss, hybrid, 240 Musa ensete, 632 ; M. Seemanni, 182 Mushrooms 3S8 ; and light, 733 ; grow- ing in a dwelling-house, 15; large, 221 Mushroom spawn, 276 Musk, a double-flowered, 732 Myoporum parvifolium, 655 Myrica rubra, 417 Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, 758 N Names of plants, hard, 171 Nandina domestica, 216 Napoleona Whitfieldi, 632 Narcissus cyclanoineus, 506 ; N. Early Snowflake, 669 ; N. Tazetta, 598 Narcissus, blind, 354 Natal, tropical products in, 168 National Chrysanthemum Society, 75, 470, 500, 533 ; home for, 567, 600, 634, 667 ; Co-operative flower show, 218, 278; Pink Society, 18; Rose Society, 534 Naworth Castle, 153 Nectarine Pine-apple, 734; Pine-apple and Lord Napier, 50 Nematoid worms in leaves, 298 Nepenthes cincta, 48 ; N. Curtisii, 501 Nervous system, origin of, 754 Netherby, 05 North Norfolk, Gleanings from, 380, 445 Nova Scotia, fruit crop in, 249 ; Potito crop in, 661 Nut tree on a wall, 277 Nuts, trade in foreign, 155 Nymphajae, 559 Oak caterpillar, 250 Obituary.— Backhouse, James, 310 ; Barry, Patrick, 101 ; Bennett, Henry, 225 ; Bunge, Alex, von, 163 ; Catchpool, R. D., 573 ; Dancer, F. N., 25 ; Deal, George, 25 ; Hall, Dr. H. van, 331 ; Hancock, J., 443 ; Harvey, E., 422; Haughton, W., 703; Hibberd, J. Shirley, 596; Holmes, W., 357; James, J., 199; Janka, Dr., 566; Karr, Alphonse, 388 ; Kieffer, Peter, 605 ; Mcintosh, James, 565 ; Niepraschk, 566 ; Noble, J., 534 ; North, Miss Mari- anne, 275 ; Ralfs, J., 78 ; Ravens- croft, E. J., 605; Shaw, J., 338; Stewart, J , 54 ; Triana, Seior, 597 ; Tchihatcheff, Pierre, 502 Odontoglossum Cervantesii var. lila- cinum, 624 ; O. crispum var. Mundy- anum, 661 ; O. Galeottianum, 11 ; O. grande, 412 ; O. Youugii, 269 Odontoglossum, monstrous, 48 Olive culture at Mentone, 164 ; oil in Spain and Tuscany, 12 Oncidium Kramerianum, 326 ; O. Larkinianum, 269 ; O. ornithorhyn- cum superbum, 655 Onion Show at Cbard, 335 Onions and the Onion maggot, 183 Orange Groves of Florida, the, 12 Orchards, renovating, 720, 747 Orchid blocks and baskets, 720 Orchid Houses, work in the, 15, 44, 73, 100, 131. 166, 1S8, 216, 245, 273, 300, 328, 356, 384, 412, 440, 469, 498, 530, 563, 594, 626, 659, 685, 690, 722, 750 Orchid Notes and Gleanings, 11, 131, 165, 214, 243, 269, 326, 354, 381, 412, 529, 561, 623, 655, 718, 747 Orchid, a sacred, 566; potting, char- coal for, 599 ; Society, an, 48 Orchids, disease of, 410 ; grafting, 360 Orchids at Bramerton, Tulse Hill, 244 ; in Brussels, 655 ; at Mr. Bull's, 48, 164; at Burford Lodge, 165; at Bygrove House, Clapham, 655; at Chatsworth, 530 ; at Mr. Dorman's, 624 ; at home, 691 ; at M. van Ims- choots, 104; at Kew, 632; at H. Low & Co.'s, 529 ; in Panama, 324 ; at Ravenswood, Melrose, 215 ; at Sander's, 194 ; at Seeger & Tropp's, VI The Gardeners' Chroniole,] INDEX. [December 27. ISfiO, 11; at Mr. Sillem's, 623; at the Woodlands, Streatham, 243 Orchids, double, 192 ; fur beginners, 164; list of garden, 241, 652; new Brazilian, 163 ; root-galls on, 505 Ordnance maps, 360 Ornithology in relation to agriculture and horticulture, 540, 558, 590, 622, 654, 686, 717, 748, 756 Ostrowskya, 48 Ostrya vulgaris, 274 Owen's, Sir Richard, cottage, 8 Owl, the, 104, 168; maternal courage of the white, 667, TOO Oxalis Bowieana, 300 Palms, 121 ; for market, 193 Pampas-grass, garden of, 471 Pancratium fragrans, 359 Papaver Heldreichii, 104, 195, 211 ; P. pilosum and P. Heldreichii, 211 Paphinia grandis, 685 Paprika, 389 Paris, 417, 654, 727 Paris green and London purple, 472 Paris quadrifolia, a fungus on, 270 Park Hall, West Lothian, 495 Parks, new, for London, 472 Passiflora vitifolia, 212 ; Constance Eliott, 249, 279, 331 Paul & Son, the firm of Messrs., 661 Pea Chelsea Gem, 49 ; Chelsea Gem and W. Hurst, 80, 138; Sharpe's Queen, 276 ; Veitch's Exonian, 79 Peas, 196, 222 ; early, 506 ; new seed- ling, 211 Peach Alexander, 136 ; Belle Beauce, 418 Peaches, 19; early, 105, 168; large, 168, 196, 223 ; and Nectarines, 656, 756 Pear blossoming out of season, 534 ; Citron des Carmes, 168, 216, 329, 390 ; the Huff-cap, 78 ; Kieffer and others, 634 ; Napoleon, 388 Pears in Cornwall, 507 ; in Jersey, 592 ; twelve varieties of, 733 Pearson & Son's nursery, 566 Pebble gardening, 331 Pedicularis megalantha, 192 Pelargoniums, at Chiswick, 166 ; dis- ease of, 217; Ivy-leaved, 421 ; show, 19; well-grown zonal, 105 Pentstemons, 138, 277, 383, 700 Pereskia aculeata, 565 Pernettya mucronata, 42 Persia, products of, 658 Petals, use of, 599 Petunias, improved, 295 Phaius tuberculosus, 561 Phalamopsis intermedia, 98 Philadelphus, behaviour of, in water, 165 Phillyrea Vilmoriniana, 495 Phleum pratense, 104 Phlox, the, 221 ; P. Drummondi, 421, 446 Phormium tenax, 103; flowering, 196, 283, 384 ; P. t. Colensoi, 223 Photographs, coloured, 276 Phylloxera, 48, 599 Physic Garden, Chelsea, 74, 472 Picea pumila, Asselin, 633 Pimientos, 333 Pine-apple culture, 418 Pink, the, 11 ; Fairchild's mule, 103 ; a sporting, 48 Pinus Koraiensis, 323 ; P. Monte- zuma;, 466 ; P. monticola, 323 ; P. parviflora, 323; P. pinea, 69; P. ponderosa, 557 ; P. pungens, 323 Pitcher plants, are they carnivorous ? 220 Plagianthus, 600 Plan of recreation ground, Bedford, 194 Plane, the London, 573 Plant collecting, 534 Plant life, effect of growth at high elevations on, 535 Plants and their culture, 14, 49, 72, 99, 126, 161, 188, 210, 244, 272, 300 356, 384, 412, 440, 469, 498, 530, 562, 594, 626, 658, 690 Plants &c, certificated during the first half year, 7 ; as they grow in Nature, 8; out-of-doors, protection of, 668 Plants, New or Noteworthy, Described: — Aerides J'Ansoni, ij(\ ; Alocasia reversa, 38 ; An- grtecum IIenric[uesianum. 466 ; Anthurium Baron Hruby X , 652; A. Hero X . 652 ; Aristolochia longicaudata, 493 ; Begonia Bau- manni, 466 ; Bilbergia vexil- laria x, 183 ; Cattleya Gaskel- liana picta, 352 ; C. granulosa var. Buyssoniana, 588 ; C. rex, 684 ; C. superba var. alba, 620 ; Cory- anthes liungerothii, 210; Crassula recurva. 684; Cvpripedium Alfred x, 294 ; C. Alice x , 294 ; C. Anti- gone x, 716; C. Constance x, 294; C. Doris x, 716; C. Elinor x, 38; C. Eyermanianum x , 746 ; C. H. Ballantine x , 408 ; C. Hookerce var. Volonteana, 66 ; C. Youngia- num X , 183 ; Dendrobium Cassiope X , 620; Gladiolus decoratus, 211; G. Kirkii, 524 ; G. primulinus, 122 ; Haemanthus Lindeni, 436 ; Heme- rocallis aurantiaca, 94 ; II. Thun- bergii, 94 ; Hippeastrum brachy- andrum, 154 ; Ltelia anceps Thoin- soniana, 716; Lsslio- Cattleya Pro- serpine X , 352 ; Lindnera fibrillosa, 240; Lilium Henryi, 183; Masde- vallia costaricensis, 183; M. ful- vescens, 325 ; M. guttulata, 267 ; M. X Measuresiana, 379 ; M. Brien- iana, 524 ; M. Stella, 325 ; Maxil- laria longisepala, 94 ; Moorea irro- rata, 7 ; Nepenthes Burkei var. prolifica, 184 ; N. stenophylla, 240; Nidularium striatum, 183 ; Onci- dium Leopoldianum, 556 ; Pelar- gonium saxifragoides, 154 ; Rodri- guezia Fuerstenbergii,746; Sobralia Lowii, 378; S. Sanderte, 494; S. Wilsoniana, 378 ; Sophro-Outtleya Calypso X , 588 Plant Portraits. — Ada aurantiaca, 126; Alocasia Bacliii x. 530; An- gnecum citratum. 251 ; A. eburneum, 126; Anthurium Scherzerianum var. bi-spathaceum, 277 ; Apple Jeanne Hardy, 277 ; Arissema spe- ciosum, 126; Aristolochia caudata, 251 ; Arum detruncatum, 669 ; Asparagus Sprengeri, 385 ; Azalea indica J. T. D. Llewellyn, 126; A. i. Marie Vervaet, 251 ; A. i. Perle de Gendbrugge, 530 ; A. i. var. Pha- railde Mathilde, 277 ; Benthamia fragifera, 563; Bifrenaria llar- risonire, 251 ; Boronia heterophvlla, 530 ; Brassavola glauca, 563 ; Calanthe veratrifolia, 530 ; Cattleya Bowringiana, 193 ; Cherry Governor Wood, 251 ; Cineraria aurita, 385 ; Cordyline indivisa var. Dallieriana, 669; Cymbidium eburneum, 385; Cypripedium Erased X, 530; C, prasstans var. Kimballiana, 530 ; C. selligerum majus, 530; C. Spi- cerianum, 126 ; Datura sanguinea, 385; Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, 530 ; Echinocereus pectinatus var. robustus, 530 ; Forsythia sus- pensa, 193; Franciscea Hopeana, 385, 669 ; F. latifolia, 585, 669 ; Gardenia Stanleyana, 530 ; Haiman- thus Lindeni, 669 ; H. multiflorus, 530 ; Houlletia odoratissima var. Antioquiensis, 126 ; Iris Danfordia", 277 ; I. Monspur x , 669 ; I. ochro- leuca, 669 ; Lachenalia pendula aure- liana, 277 ; Laslia elegans Broome- ana, 563 ; Lilium Bolanderi, 530 ; L. maritimum, 530 ; L. pardalinum luteum, 530 ; L. Thunbergiannm vars. Alice Wilson and Houttei, 669 ; Loasa lateritia, 385 ; Lotus peliorhyncus, 669 ; Masdevallia Reichenbachiana, 530; M. Shut- tleworthii, 277; Miltonia Blunti var. Lubbersiana, 27 M. flaves- cens var. grandiflora, 277 ; Nidu- larium princeps var. striatum, 126 ; Odontoglossum crispum var. plumatum, 563 ; O. Harryanum, 277 ; < I. Schlestngerianum, 193 ; Oncidium sarcodes, 126 ; Pancratium illy- ricum, 385; Pear Beurre Chaudv. £77; P. Beurre Gambier, 193; P. Morel's favourite, 126 ; Pescatorea Klabochorum, 126, 193; Phaius Humbloti, 530 ; Phalamopsis inter- media Brymeriana, 563 ; Prunus Alleghanensis, 385 ; P. japonica sph;erica, 530 ; Pyrus arbutifolia, 385 ; Rhodoehiton volubile, 669 ; Iihodostachys pitcairnhufolia var. Kirchoffiana, 193 ; Rose Denmark, 563 ; R. Felicite Perpetue, 385 ; Senecio Ghiesbreghtii, 563 ; Sicana odorifera, 669; Spinovitis Davidiana, 530 ; Stanhopea oculata, 530 ; Sta- phylea colchica, 277 ; Tulip Arch- duke of Austria, 385 ; T. Double Murillo, 385 ; T. Lac van Rhein, 385 ; Vanda cuirulea, 530 ; V. siuvis, 126 ; Vriesia Gravisiana, 385 ; V. Kittle- liana, 126 ; Xanthoceras sorbifolia, 277 ; Zygopetalum crinitum var, cn'ruleum, 563 Platycerium grande, 96 Pleurothallis platyrhachis, 192 Plowright, Professor, 76 Plum culture in pots, 352 Plum, early Buhl, 240 Plums, abnormal fruiting of, 567 ; and Cherries, for profit, 267 ; for market, 494 Piumbago rosea as a hanging-plant, 732 Polemonium flavum, 468 Pollen, influence of, on the fruit, 599 Polygonum vaccinifolium, 475 Pomological Society of France, 566 Pompeii, at what season was it over- thrown?, 727 Poppy at Mozambique, cultivation of, 270 Poppies, 276; the Iceland, 80 Potato crop, report on the, 185, 190, 195 ; in Wilts, 667 Potato disease, 77, 132, 138, 220, 222, 250, 361, 599 ; and the Jensen methods of prevention, 249, 331 ; in Great Britain, 476 ; in Ireland, 726 Potato scab, 599 Potato?, judging, 250; the best to grow, 506 ; how he planted my, 499, 600 ; and Pelargoniums, disease of, 217 Potting, 296 ; soils for, 658 Presentation to Mr. A. McKellar, 502 ; to Mr. H. Ketley, 536; to Mr. S. H. Poole, 695; to Mr. G. Ward, 466 Primroses in bloom, 443 Prizes and their distribution, 668, 701, 733 Protection, an Indian's appeal for, 598 ; for raisers, 134 ; of plants out of doors, 668 Proverbs about flies and corn, 138 Pruning-in commercial fruit trees, 438 Prunus cerasilera var. Pissardi, 103 ; P. Pissardi, bearing fruit, 308 Ptelea trifoliata, 323 Pyrus malus, 627 Qcamash, how to cook, 193 Queensland, tropical products in, 168 Rain, 506 Rainfall, heavy, at Reading, 105 ; June, 50 Rangemore Hall, 377 Raspberry Superlative, 216 Raspberries, 390 Rating of nurseries, 331 Ravelston, 270, 307 Redwood, the, 302; and woodpeckers, squirrels, and the acorn, 332 Regent's Park, projected improve- ments in, 273 Renanthera coccinea, 632 Reporters as judges, 219 Rehmannia glutinosa, 156 Rhododendron Boothii, 726 ; K. exi- niium, 360, 421 Rhodostachys andina, 726 Rhus Cotinus, 216 Richardia aithiopica, a dwarf form of, 755 Ringing trees, 694 Robinia pseudacacia, 181 Rock garden, 495 Roezl, a reminiscence of, 248 ; statue to, 134 Hooks, 590, 756; early nest-building of, 474, 506, 567 Roscoea purpurea, 190, 221, 278; R.p. Sikkimensis, 251 Rosa rugosa fimbriata x , 360 Rose Banksia:, 535 ; Duchess of Al- bany, 247; Lady H. Gro3venor, 726 ; Marechal Niel, seeding, 477 ; Mrs. Paul, 78 Rose cuttings. 525 Rose fairs, 49 Rose sports, 715, 757 Roses, 10; at the Aquarium, 213; climbing on trees, 42 ; in pots, 99, 444 ; new, 474 ; paradise of dwarf Tea, 589 ; planting, 559 ; pruning, 50 Rosehaugh Gardens, Avoch, 494 Royal Agricultural Benevolent Insti- tution, 598 ; Botanic Society, 18, 193 ; Aquatic House at, 535 ; Chry- santhemums at, 535 ; Horticultural Society, 46, 190, 247, 389, 470; Treasurer of, 442, 566 Royal Society, 566, 661 Roydon Hall, 187 Rubus malifolius, 631 ; R. odoratus, 242 ; R. phcenicolasius, 192 Ruskin's garden, 610 Saccolabiom coeleste, 99; S. Hender- sonianum, 214 St. Petersburg letter, 503 Salsolaceous plants of Australia, 631 Salt spray, resistance of plants to, 472 Salvia prunelloides purpurea, 416 Sambucus nigra aurea, 14, 196 Samolus repens. 495 Sander's Nurse'-'-. 194 Sandringham, 331 Sarracenias. hardy, 506 ; in the open air, 472 Satyriums, 382 Scaphosepalum pulvinare, 726 Schufeertia grandiflora, 411 Sciadopitys verticillata, 388 Science and Practice, 103 Scientific Committee — subjects dis- cussed at the meetings of the : — iEcidium on black Currant, 139; Agapanthus umbellatus, 253 ; Aga- ricus melleus, Rhizomorphous form of, 138; Alpines, soil for, 734; Antirrhinum with virescent corolla, 20; A. majus, a monstrous, 476; Apple, diseased (?), 539, 602 ; Black Currant and Gooseberry bigener, 20 ; Bud, endogenous, 602 ; Bulbs, ab- normal growth of, 734; Calceolarias dying off, 20 ; Caprificus or wild Fig, 20; Carnations and Tipula, 138, 252; Cherry Laurel fruits, poisonous, 138 ; Chrysanthemum, Hen-and-Chicken form, 602 ; Cypri- pedium superbiens, monstrous, 252 ; Daffodil bulbs with Merodon, 253; Dahlia and Helianthus supposed bigener, 539 ; Datura leaves, dis- eased, 20 ; Fog, report on the effects of, 476, 539, 734; Frost, effects of, 734; Garrya elliptica in fruit, 539 ; Gloxinia leaves, diseased, 253; The Gardeners' Chronicle, j INDEX. , December 27. 189U. Vll Grapes attacked by larva', 5.30, 002 ; diseased, 734 ; Haastia pulvinaris, 253 ; Hetercecismal fungi, 139; Iris reticulata, protection against fungus on, 20; I. Xiphion, with supernu- merary parts, 20 ; Jeffersonia di- phylla fruit, 253 ; Laburnum as a poison, 138 j Laslia, two-lipped, 20; Leucadendron argenteum, 002 ; Ly- caste Skinneri, monstrous, 002; Mclampsoravernalia on Salix repens, 130 ; Merulius lachrymans, 470 ; ( >ak staves, perforated, 138 ; Orange, pistilody of stamens in, 20 ; Orchid bigeners, 20, 734 ; Phylloxera, 252, at Chiswick, 130 ; Pinusstrobus, &c, attacked by Chermes, 252 ; Pistacia Lentiscus, galls on, 20 ; Plant pathology, study of, 734; Plantain Iruit, 470 ; Potato disease, 130, 252 ; Puccinia agrostidis, n. sp., 130; P. Oigraphidis, 130 ; P. festuca:, n. sp., 130 ; Raspberry and Strawberry bigener? 20; Stylidium graminifo- lium, 252 ; Hose, Banksian, in fruit, 734; Tomatos, diseased, 130, 252; Uromyces maritima, 130 ; Vine shoots, atrophied, 252 ; foliage of, 130 ; Weaver bird's nest, 138 Scotland, 198, 404, 730, 757 ; [public parks in, 623, 008 Scottish flower gardening, 473 Scuticaria Steelii, 730 Seaforthia elegans flowering, 500, G01, 632, 007 Seed ci ops, the, 122 Seed trade, the, 352, 562; of Aberdeen, 757 Seeds, the germination of, 280 Seedsmen, retail, and the non-war- ranty Clause, 732 Seeger & Tropp's Nursery, 11 Selenipedium grandeX, 215 Sequoia gigantea, 301 ; S. semper- virens, a large, 302 Shirley Vicarage, 230 Shrubs, planting, 632 Shrubland Park, Bamboos at, 278 Sibthorpia Europaaa variegata, 758 Sicana odorifera, 000 Slocock's Nursery, 277 Smilax laurifolia, 21G Smoke nuisance in Salford, 030 Snow in July, SO Societies— reports of meetings and shows of: — Aberdeen, 254,443,440, 757; Aldenham, 141; Ascot, 571; 'Aylesbury, 81 ; Bath, 82, 334 ; Bed- dington, 100; Berkhamsted, 280; Birmingham, 003; Birmingham Gardenera, 416, 506, 590 ; Blantyre, ■338; Bournemouth, 602; Brighton, 338,571; Bristol, 637; British Fruit Growers, 20, 135, 281 ; Brixton, 540 ; Calne, 277 ; Cardiff, 223, 6.37 ; Carnation and Picotee Union, 169; Caterham, 141 ; Chard, 225; Chard Onion Show, 335 ; Cheltenham and Glo'ster, 337 ; Cheshunt, 605 ; Chis- wick, 81, 571 ; Croydon, 23; Crypto- gamic of Scotland, 420; Crystal Palace, 308, 448, 570; Dalkeith, •336; Devizes. 277,540; Devon and Exeter, 254, 571 ; Dittons, the, 134 ; Ealing, 82, 571 ; Ealing Gardeners, 1.34; Earley Cottagers, 276 ; East of Scotland Naturalists' Union, 134 ; Edinburgh Botanical, 24, 139, 6.38, 730; Chrysanthemum, 638 ; Working Men's, 198; English Arboricnl- tural, 220 ; Eisex fungus foray, 450; Einchley, 540; Glasgow and West of Scotland, 281 ; Godalming, 602 ; Guildford, 605; Guildhall Fruit, 410; Hammersmith, 110; Havant, 530; Highgate, 141; Highland, 702; Hounslow, 140. 004; Hull, 636 j Ipswich, 82, 570; Kingston, 0112, 751 ; Leicester, 170; Leith, 254 ; Linnean, 48, 219, 505, 030, 094; Madresfield Court Cottagers', 221 ; Maidenhead, 225 ; Manchester, 100, 3.37 ; Matlock Bath, 225 ; Mussel- burgh. 254 ; National Chrysanthe- mum, 330, 386, 440, 530, 567, 602, 637, 604; National Co-operative Association, 218 ; National Dahlia, .300; National Pink. 22, 141; Na- tional Rose, 51, 100; Natural His- tory of Aberdeen, 757 ; Nelson, 18 ; Newcastle-on-Tyne, 225 ; North- amptonshire,170; North Craven, 108; North of Scotland, 508, 7.30, 757; North of Scotland lioot and Fruit, 502 ; Oxfordshire, 2.3, 281 ; Ports- mouth, 140, 571 ; Preston and Fui- wood, 108; Reading, 280, 636: Rei- gate,604; Richmond, 22; Royal Aqua- rium, 22, 141, 448; Royal Caledo- nian, 3.36, 702 ; Royal Horticultural, 20, 50, 80. 106, 138, 169, 196, 251, .308, 33.3, 302, 446, 476, 507, 539, 570, 602, 701, 734; Royal Scottish Arboricultural, 104 ; St. Neots, 169 ; Salisbury, 636 ; Sevenoaks, 224 ; Scottish Horticultural, 5.3, 104, 410, 5.39, 000 ; Scottish Pansy, 24 . Scottish Primula, 702 ; Sherborne, 280; Shrewsbury, 253; Southamp- ton, 197 ; Stamford, 140 ; Swansea, 637 ; Taunton Deane, 234 ; Ted- dington, 604 ; Torquay, 23 ; Tren- tham and Hanford, 83 ; Trowbridge, 283; Tunbridee Wells, 00.3; Twick- enham, 78, 605 ; Ware and District Gardeners', 332. 472 ; Warwick, 160; Watford, 638; Wells, 605; Wilts, 253; Wimbledon, 603 ; Win- chester, 140,604; Woodbridge, 141 ; Woolhope fungus foray, 440 ; Wol- verhampton, 140; Yarmouth. .336; Veovil, 0.30 ; York Florists', 037 Soil, dry, 538, 567; influence of, on colour, 668; influence of. on growth, 602, 700 Solandra grandiflora, 632 Solanum Conference, a, 418 ; S. jas- minoides, 411, 502 Spade, a, 507 Sparrows, 756 Spinach, 509 Spirals bullata, 209; S. Bumalda, 210; S. callosa alba, 495; S. Lind- leyana, 42 Stachys Sieboldi, 220; S. tnberifera, 667 Stanhopea, a hybrid, 728 Stanhopeas, 418 Stapelia gigantea, 44.3 Steam v. hot water, 193 Steven's Nursery, 528 Stigmaphyllum ciliatum, 381 Stock-taking: June, 77; July, 192; August, 305 ; September. 416 ; October, 597 ; November, 694 Stoneleigh Abbey, 328 Strawberry, Bicton Pine, 135 ; Captain, 357 ; Chief Secretary, 18 ; Kitley'a Goliath, 80, 104, 137; Laxton'a Latest of All, 188 ; Sharpless' Seed- ling, 42 Strawberry, tiie earliest, 19 ; origin of the word, 20 Strawberries at Burghley, 187 ; Ameri- can, 105 ; early, 1.35 ; for market, 43 ; in autumn, 418 ; in pots, at Syon, 635 ; manure for, 39 ; winter treatment of, 035 Strawsoniser, the. 20 Streptocarpus, 387 ; hybrids, 163, 410 Structure in relation to climate, 598 Sunflowers and bees, 390 Sutton & Son's Nursery, &c, 296, 473, Tamarix germanica, 216 Taamanian fruit, 134 Taylor, Mr. W.'a Nureery, 572 Tchihatchef, the late M. de, 598 Tea and coffee substitutes, 758 Telephones and the fog, 386 Testimonials, 605 Thalictrum Delavayi, 124, 726 Thoday's, J. F„ Nursery, 13 Thunia, hybrid, 105; T. Veitchi X, 77 Thuniaa, 42 Timber, creosoted, 10 Timothy Grass, 104 Tinea Linneella on Limes, 407 Tobacco 8heets, self-acting, 537 Tomato, Carter's Blenheim Orange, 498 Tomato culture, .33,3, 362, 418, 701; experiments on growing, 727 ; disease of, 279, 306. .307, 001 Tomatos at Tabley Park, Knutsford, 138 ; in the open air, 279, 307 ; large, 188, 222 Towns, trees for, 474. 500, 538, 572, 507, 600, 662, 700, 730 Toxicophl'ca spectabile, 538 Trachycarpus khasyanus, 102 Trade legislation, 46 Trade Notices : R. Greenfield, .360 ; L, Paillet, 10; Ryder & Son, 669; II. A. Tracey, 311 Tragopogon pratensia, 105 Tranavaal, the, OS Tree planting, 507 Tree-pruner, Coppin's, 731 Trees and Shrubs, 14,42, 60, 136. 210, 323, 388, 421, 405, 573, 632, 710 ; (or towns (see Towns), Trees for exposed situations, 538 ; ringing, 694 Tropoeolum speciosum. 222, 251, 418, 446, 475, 506, 634, 668 Truss what is a ':, 507 Tuberculosis. 751 Tuberoses, 536 ; barren, 221 Tulip, the, 501 Tulip tree, the, 218, 279 ; at Drurn- morie, 388 Tulipa montana, 598 Turf, red, 18 U United Horticultural Provident and Benefit Society, 76, 443, 501 United States, duty on importations of nursery stock, &c, 607 ; national flower of the, 279, 307 ; national herbarium, 360 Uredineoe, British, 41 Utrecht, proposed show at, 662 Valenciennes, 248 Vanda gigantea, 691 ; V. teres, a bouquet of, 48 ; V. t. var. Candida, 529 Vandas, 520 Vanilla, 410 Vegetable conductor of electricity, 373; preserves, 475 Vegetables, 70, 216, 498 Veitch, J., & Sons' nursery, 165, 5.37, 665 Veitch memorial prizes, 752 Veratrum nigrum, 333 Verbena venosa, 668 Veronica amplexicaulis, 60 ; V. cu- pressoides var. variabilis, 687; V. pimeleoides, 69 Veronicas, new garden, 00 Versailles school of horticulture, 10.3 Village, a model, 470 Vine borders, renewing, 407 ; soil for, 066 Vinea and Grapee, 505, 665 ; at Alder- man Chaftin'a, Bath, 136 Vineyarda in Gloucestershire, 77 Viola, Blue Bell, 138 Violas at Chiswick, 215 W Walk-hoes, 470 Walnut, a malformed, 758 Warner, Mr. R, 277 Wasps, 301 Weather, the, 248; in Bury St. Edmunds, 600 ; in Devonshire, 733 ; in North Scotland, 502 ; in York- shire, 538, 700 Weeds, 105, 222 Weigela rosea, effect of soil on, 668 Wella' nuraery, 528 Welton Hou8e, Brough, 95 West Indies, botany of, 598 Westerham Gardeners' Society, 164 Weybridge, Lilies at, 635 Wheat crop of, 1890, 520 Wilks', Rev. W., Garden, 239 Williams, the late B. S., 19 ; memorial to, 48, 49, 103, 163, 192, 247, 416, 631 Willow, a hybrid, 09 Willows, revision of, 062 Window gardening, 630 Wine prospects in France, 10 Winter moth, the, 443 Winter and spring decorative gar- dening, 3.30 Wireworm and lime, 471 Wisley, notes from, 279 Women as gardeners, 249 Wood & Son's nursery, 122 Wood-ashes, manurial value of, 241 Woodhatch in winter. 685, 700 Woraley Hall, 019 " Xenia," 755 Year, the passing, 752 Yew, the Golden English, 495 York gala, 276 Yucca gloriosa, 277, 692 ; tenacity, of life in, 300 Zanzibar, climate of, 332 Zinnias, 269 Vlil The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 27, 1890. LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. Abies concolor, blanch, cones, and scales, 748, 749 ; A. concolor violao a, cone, 751 ; A. Fraseri, 684 : A. Lowiana, branch, scales, &c, 750 Actiniopteris radiata, 107 Adiantum, abnormal growth of, 696 Antirrhinum, a green-flowered, 131 Aphrophora spumaria, 54 Apple tree, a Lord Suflield, 725 Araucaria imbricata, germination of, 592 ; monojcious sport of, 593 (See also Supplement, November 22) Aristolochia longecauda'a, 493 B Barbacenia squamata, 409 Bateman, Mr. J., garden of, 242, 243 Bedford recreation grounds, plan of, 195 Beech tree at Ilolwood, 753 Begonia leaf, diseased, 299 Berwick, Shrewsbury (Supplement, October 4, 1890) Bibio Marci, 670 Birnam, Dunsinane (Supplement, De- cember 6) Brindled Beauty Moth, the, 143 Buskett8, New Forest (Supplement, December 6) ; log-hut at, 653 Cabbage-gall Weevil, 736 Cactus, Eagle's Claw, 159 Calochortua Madrensis, 390 Capsicum anuum, 335 Capsicum plant, a, 334 Catalpa, the, 697 Cattleya Buyssoniana, 589 Chelsea Botanic Garden, 67, 71 Chromatic circle, the, 137 Chrysanthemum indicum, the wild, 565 Chrysanthemums, trained, 445 Cladosporium orchidearum, 411 Clematis Stanleyi, 327 Clerodendron Balfourianum, a speci- men, 133 Cockchafer, the, 501 Cuckoo spit insect, the, 54 Cypripedium Arnoldianum, 633 ; 0. insigne, 691 ; C. longifolium, 728 ; C. Lowi, 729 ; C. superbiens, 689 : C. villosum, 688 Decaschistia ficifolia, 629 Disease of Begonias, 299; of Grapes, 657 ; of Pears, 478 ; of Orchids, 411 Echinocactus cylindraceus, 167; E, Simpsoni, 166; E. Wislizenii, 159 Effingham House, rosery at, 471 Eriogonum enrvmbosum, 525; E. racemosum, 528 ; E Thomasii, 529 Fernery at Nash Court, Faversham (Supplement, July 26) Ferns, filmy, 100 Finsbury Square, pavilion in (Supple- ment, October 18) Forcing pits and frames, various, 651 Gall on the Lime, 223 Glajosporium laeticolor, 657 Grapes, disease of, 657 Grapes, packing of, 362, 363 Graythwaite Hall, plan of improve- ments at, 624, 625 Greenhouses, new arrangement for, 222 Gunncra scabra, 6G5 H H.emanthus Lindeni, 437 Hibberd, the late J. Shirley, portrait of, 601 Hoe, the scuffle, 251 Hollyhock, disease of, 215 ; new disease of, 324 Holmes, the late W., portrait of, 353 Holwood, Beech tree at, 753 Hop Hornbeam, the, at Kew, 275 Howeia Belmoreana and II. Fors- teriana, 75; H. Forsteriana in the Sydney Botanic Garden, 533 Inis Gatesi, 17 L.tu.ia anceps var. Stella (Supplement, November 1). Leaf-miner inseel, 392] Lilium avenaceum, 39; L. candidum, 50; L. cordifolium, 41; L. gigan- teum, 47 ; L. Ilenryi, 380 ; L. pom- ponium, 51 Lodnicea Seychellarum germinating, 417 M Masdevallia fulvescens, 325 ; M. Lowii, 26S Musa Seimarmii, 182 K Kabb, Alphonse, 389 N Nash Court, Faversham, fernery at (Supplement, July 26) Nematoid worms in Begonias, 299 Oak spangles, 392 Onion-fly, the, 183 Orchid-basket, a new, 720 Orchid-gall insects, 505 Orchids at Mr, Bull's (Supplement, August 9) Orchids, disease of, 411 ; natural method of growing, 721 Ostrya vulgaris in Kew, 275 Owens' cottage, Sir R., 9; garden decoration at, 13 Packing Grapes for transit, 362, 363 Pancratium fragrans, a fine, 359 Paris quadrifolia with fungus attack- ing it, 270, 271 Passiflora vitifolia, 213 Pear disease, 478 Pear tree, Huff-cap, an old, 79 Pimientos, 334, 335 Pinus Montezuma;, 475 ; details, of 465, 466, 467; P. ponderosa, 557; details, 561, 569 Plan of recreation ground, Bedford, 195 Plans of improvements at Graythwaite Hall, 624, 625 Platycerium grande, 97 Potato?, high-moulding and other ways, 249 Potting, how to do, and how not to do it, 290 Primula, the wild Chinese, 5Gt Pruning, various examples of, 43S, 439 Redwood, the, 303. 306, 307 Rehmannia glutinosa, 157 Richardia aithiopica, 755 Rockery at Hooper & Co.'s nursery, 415 Rocstelia cancellata, 478 Roscoea purpurea, 191 Rosery at Effingham House, 471 St. Mary's Tower, Birnam Gardens at (Supplement, December 6) Saw for trees, Coppin's, 731 Satyriums, a boxful of, 383 Sequoia sempervirens, a large, and details of, 303, 306 ; a group of, 307 Shaw, the late J., portrait of, 355 Shrubland Park, Bamboos at, 279 Stoneleigh Abbey, views at (Supple- ment, September 20) Strawberry Sharpless' Seedling, 43 Thalictrum Delavayi, 125 Tinea Linneella, on the Lime, 497 Tobacco-sheets, self-acting, 537 ; and apparatus for fumigating out-of- doors, 537 Tortrix angustiorana, 361 Tree-prunerand branch- saw, Coppin's, 730 Tulip tree in Kew Gardens, 219 W Walnut, a monstrous, 758 Wilks, Rev. W., garden of (Supple- ment, August 30) Williams, the late B. S., portrait of, 19 Yucca gloriosa, a fine, 693 LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS. Abaucaria imbricata, November 22. Berwick, Shrewsbury, October 4. Birnam and Bdsketts, December 6. Fernery at Nash Court, Faversham, July 26. L^jlia anceps var. Stella, November 1. Orchids at Mr. W, Bull's, August 9. Pavilion in Finsbury Square, October 18. Stoneleigh Abbey, Views at, September 20. Wilks, Rev. W,, Garden, of the, August 3Qi Established No. 184.— Vol. VIII. {£H™.} SATUKDAY, JULY 5, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper. -[ PRICE 3d. I Post-free, Qd. CONTENTS. Araucnria imbrieata, Orchid notes 11 fruiting 19 Owen's, Sir R., cottage ... 8 Azalea odorata 26 Pelargoniums, show 20 Bamboos, Australian 19 Plants and their culture... 14 Botanists, list of famous . 25 „ as they grow ill Bulbs, home-grown 19 Nature 8 Burnley Park IS ,, certificated ; Cattleya Krameriana ... 11 Roses 10 Colonial notes 19 Roval Botanic Society ... 18 Flaking in flowers 20 Snmbucusni^raaurea var. 14 Florists' Pink, the 11 Seeger & Tropp's nursery 11 Fruit register 19 Societies — Fruits under glass 15 British Fruit Growers' Gardeners' Orphan Fund 18 Association 20 Gardeners, two distin- Croydon 2b guished 10 Edinburgh Botanic i'4 Hardy fruit garden 15 National Pink ftd Hooper & Co. '9 Nursery ... 13 Richmond 22 Iris Gatesii 18 Royal Aquarium 22 Kitchen garden, the 15 Ruyal Horticultural ... 20 Leschenaultias 19 Royal Oxfordshire *3 Max Leichtlin's garden ... 5 Scottish Pansy 24 Mitraria coccinea U Torquay ■j:i Moorea irrorata ; Strawberry, a new 18 Obituary : — ,, grounds, raid on ... 18 Dancer, F. N 25 ,, the earliest 19 D^al, George 25 Strsvsonizer, the 20 Odontoglossum Galeotti- Timber ereosoted 19 anum 11 Tree-* and shrubs 14 Olive oil 12 Vineries, the, Willingham 14 Orange groves of Florida 12 Weather 24 Orchid-houses 15 Wine prospects 16 ILLUSTR ATIONS. Garden, decoration in Sir K. 0\ ■en's 13 Iris Gatesii 17 owen. Sir R.'s, cottage .. 9 Williams, the late B. S. .. 19 T Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. VII., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1890. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Advertisers are special/;/ requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Chiswick Gardens. GRAND CARNATION, PICOTEE, and FERN CONFER- ENCE and EXHIBITION, JULY 22 and S3, 1890. The Conference will be opened each day at 2.30 P.M. Inter- esting papers will be read on the " History and Culture of Carnations and Ferns," by eminent botanists and cultivators. Admission : Tuesdays from 2 o'clock, Wednesday from 10 o'clock, One shilling. Schedules and further information rray be obtained on app'ication to the SECRETARY, Royal Horticultural Society, 117, Victoria Street, S.W. Entries to be returned to Mr. A. F. BARRON, Roy. Hort. Soc. Gardens, Chiswick, not later than FRIDAY, July 18. BEDFORD and JiEDFORDSHlEE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'. SEVENTH ANNUAL SHOW at Bedford, JULY 17, 1890. Special Prizes for Roses and Cut Flowers. Open to all England. Entries close July 8. Schedules and entry forms to be obtained of HENRY TEBBS, Hon. Sec, Stoneleigh, Bedford. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION A at LEEDS. CUT FLOWER and FRUIT SHOW, JULY* 22, 23, and 24, 1890. Schedules of Prizes are now ready, and may be had on application to — Mr. J. H. CLARK, 31, Albion Street, Leeds. WELLS CHRYSANTHEMUM . FRUIT anrl FLOWER SHOW will be held on WEDNES- DAY and THURSDAY, November 5 and 6, 1890 FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES offered, and the Centenary Medal of the National Chrysanthemum Society. For Schedules, apply HON. SECRETARY, Wells, Somerset. TH1 Sow in July. Q UTTON'S PRIZE BEGONIAS.— Saved from kD the richest and most varied flowers grown in our own immense Collection. All shades of colour are included, from the deepest crimson to the lightest pink, as well as orange, yellow, and white. The plants are compact in habit, and possess a robust constitution. Mr. J no. Price, Gardener to Mrs. HaU, writes: — "The finest Begonias I ever saw." Price of seed.2s. 6 BEST VARIETIES of Cactus and Double i.'-t DAHLIAS. 4 White Cactus DAHLIA " Constance," 50 White ASTERS " Queen of the Market," 50 Best Mixed ASTERS, and 50 Annual CHRYSANTHEMUMS, including all the newest and best varieties in cultivation. Addreis, H. NORTH, Wood Lane, Binfield, Berks. c UCUMBER PLANTS "RIDGE." Lorendez's best of all. Strong Plants, 2s. id. per do/., free. H. NORTH, Wood Lane, Binfield, Berks. EXTRA Strong Tanned NETTING, 50 yards by 4 yards, 8s. per net ; 100 yards by 2 yards, 8s. per net. RAFFIA GRASS. Id. per lb. J. W. WILLCOCKS, 14, St. Mary's Street, Stamford. July 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. w. h. LASCELLES & co„ HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. G~ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work. Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Street. London, E.C. FAWKES' SLOW-COMBUSTION HEATING APPARATUS. Most Efficient ten! Cheapest in Existence, Ke<[uires no sunk stokehole and no brick Welting. Will Install Dight without atten- tion. Will burn house cinders, therefore costs next to nothing for fuel. Anyone can fix it. A domestic servant can stoke it. Complete Apparatus from £4 12b. SUCCESS GUARANTEED. Enormous num- bers in use all over the country. Only Slow Com- bustion Appara- tus of the kind. (ACTION "Bewctr'e of in- efficient incom- plete Apparatus, which will not last all night. Full particulars and Prices of every si/.ed Ap- paratus, and see numerous Testi- monials for the last five seasons, showing enorm- ous success, post- free on applica- tion. BEST CONSTRUCTED and CHEAPEST Greenhouses, Forcing-nouses, Pits, Frames, Plant Protectors, Potting Sheds, Tool-houses, &c Illustrated Priced Catalogue post-free from COMPTON & FAWKES CHELMSFORD. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with Hot- water Apparatus complete. Best Work guaranteed, and at Lowest Prices. NORTH OF ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL WORKS, DARLINGTON. CATALOGUE FREB. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Builders Uli,l Hkatino Eshixeers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for warming Buildings of every deecriptiOD. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue. 3s. 21-OZ. and 15-oz. Foreign, of above Bizss, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sotmd in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS. Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 84, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, B.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of Lhe Genuine TreDtham, SILVESTER'S patent TRENTHAM BOILER Makers of HOT-WATER PIPES and FITTINGS and APPARATUS erected complete by HOT- WATER. HOT-AIR. &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFF. CLIBRAN'S SPECIAL GARDEN SUNDRIES / Owing to its efficacy, cheapness, and LEMON I safety— even in the hands of the most care- less operator, this preparation is now looked OIL - upon by most practical horticulturists as the best Insecticide for dipping or syringing. INSECT.CIDE. Post-free-pints. Is. lOd. ; quarts, 3s. Sd. ; > half-gallons, 5s. 9d. / This has proved itself a boon to many EUCHARIS Eucharis growers. By its aid all may grow this favourite flower free from that dreadful MITE J pest "The Eucharis Mite." Testimonials free on application. Post-free— half-pints, KILLER. Is. M. ; pints, 2s. Qd. ; quarts, 4s. M. ; .half gallons, 8s. N.B.— Above Post-free, or from your Seedsman. CLIBRAN'S Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham Also 10 anil 12, Market Street, Manchester. " Always use the best materials ; your plants can not do well in common soil." SPRING POTTING. 1 sack BEST LEAF MOULD, 3s. id. ; 1 sack PEAT. 3s. id. ; 1 sack YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, 3s. id.; 1 snsk BEALE'S CONCENTRATED FARM-YARD MANURE, 6S. ; 1 cwt. COARSE SILVER SAND, 3s. 6d. Or, 1 sack Mixture of above to suit aDy purpose, 5s. Over 10s. value, free delivery by Carter Patersou, or to rail. Send id. extra for sack. New Importation. BAMBOOS and CANES. SPECIAL FOR CHRYSANTHEMUMS (see samples at Royal Aquarium and other shows this month), in 5. 6, 7, 8, and 9 feet lengths. Thin quality with tips at 5s. id., 7s. itl., 9s. lid., lis. 6a., and 13s. 6d. per 100. Very stout at lis., 15s., 19s., 23s., and 28s. per 100. Can be ordered through any Seedsmen or Florist, or direct from the importers : R. BEALE AND CO. Suitable sizes for ROSES. DAHLIAS, HOLLYHOCKS, CAR- NATIONS, BEGONIAS, TOMATOS. &c, from 1 foot. Is. per 100; 1 ft. 6 in.. Is. 6 ch Pots. Per 100.- -s. Per 100.- -3, Vesuvius li Candidissima alba plena, West Brighton Gem 14 finest double white 16 F. V. Raspail 14 Mrs. W. Paul, pink li Bonfire 14 Madame Thibaut, fine H. Jacoby 16 pink 14 Surprise, finest salmon ... 16 Master Christine 14 Madame Vaucher 11 Mrs. Leaver 14 Duchesse de Cars, fine Marechal McMahon. bronze 18 white 14 Black Douglas 18 White Vesuvius 14 Happy Thought 15 Queen of the Belgians, Calceolarias Golden Gem, improved 16 very fine stuff, iu flower 8 Note.— T went y- five at 100 rate. Boies and packing free. Terms, strictly cash with order at these prices. The Nurseries, Wrotham Road, Gravesend. INDISPENSABLE GREENHOUSE PLANTS. PRIMULA SINENSIS and CINERARIA, superb strains, seedlings from stores 1*. 6d. per dozen, 10s. per 100; BOU- VARDIAS, the finest and freest flowering kinds, small plants for growing on to bloom this winter, 4s. per dozen ; single BEGONIAS coming into bloom or bud, lovely flowers, Is. tW. each, 10s. per dozen ; FERNS in variety, distinct and beautiful sorts in small pots, twelve in twelve distinct species, 4s. TEA ROSES in the most lovely kinds, Is. 6d. and 2s. n, June 10 —F.C. Blandfordia nobilis imperialis F. Sander &Co.. May 13-F.C. Calla Elliottiana Knight, May 13— F.C. Camellia La Vestale C. Turner, March 11— F.C. Campanula persicifolia alba graudillora Paul & Son, June 24— A.M. Canna Madame Crozy Paul & Son, May 28— A.M. Carnation, Pride of Great Britain H. J. James, June 24— A.M. Cattleya Gaskelliana, Cooke s var M. S. Cooke, June 2!— F.C. ,, intermedia Partheuia ... Sir T. Lawrence, June — 10 F.C. ,, Lawrenceana delicala ... B.iron Sciixpder, May 28 — A.M. ,. .. Vinrkii ... ... Baron Schroder, April 22— F.C. Lathaniianum mveumx ... Cattleya Mendelii Alfred Smee A. H. Smee, June 10— A.M. ,, ., Prince of Wales ... F. Sander & Co., May 28— F.C. ,, Triance var. fulgens ... H. B. Mildmay, Mar. 11— A.M. „ ,, marginata J. Laiug & Sons, March 11— A.M. „ „ Tautziana F. G. Tautz, March 25— A.M. „ Warneri M. S. Cooke, June 10— A.M. Cinerarias strain H. Cannell & Sons, March 11 —A.M. Cplogyne tomentosa R. J. Measures, May 13— A M. Coovallaria majalis, Fortin's var E. Morse, March 25— A.M. Crinuni brachynema J. Smith, June 10— F.C. Cydonia japonica Moerloosei J. Veitch & Sons, May 13- F.C. Cypripedium cardinale, Van- ner's var W. Vanner, Feb. 11-F.C. „ Elliottianum H. M. Pollett, Feb. 11— F.C. i Ingram, Veitch & Sons, F. O. .... Tautz, Baron Schroder.Feb.il ( —F.C. ... A. J. Holliugton, June 10— F.C. „ Numa-X J. Veitch & Sons, March 11- F.C. ,, porpliyrochlamys ... F. G. Tautz, Feb. 11— F.C. ,, tchomburgkianum ... F. Sander & Co., March 11— B.C. ,, Volonteanum F. Sander & Co., May 28— A.M. i Sir T. Lawrence, J. Veitch & Cytisus scoparius Andreanus-' Sons, and Paul & Son I May 13— F.C. Delphinium Alfred Kelway ... Kelwoy & Son, June 10— A.M. „ Autolycus Kelway & Son. May 28— A.M. Dendrobinm Aspasia >; ... J. Veitch & Sons, March 11- F.C. ,, Bensonire alba J. Cypher, May 28— A.M. ,, Falconeri delicati ... J. Cypher, May 28— A.M. ,, Junox Sir T. Lawrence, Jan. 14— F.C. ,, lineale J. Veitch & Sons, Juoe 10— A.M. ,, Lunax Sir T. Lawrence, Jan. 14— F.C. ,. MacCarthi* Mrs. Studd. May 28- F.C. ,. Micfarlanei J. Veitch & Sons, Jan. 14 — F.C. „ uobile Burford var. ... Sir T. Lawrence, Jan. 14 — A.M. .. signatum Sir T. Lawrence, March 11- F.C. ,, Smilliio Sir T. Lawrence, March 11 — B.C. ,, Wardianum Sehrod"r\ Baron Schroder, March 25— var F.C. ,, xauthuceutruni :< ... Sir T. Lawrence, Jan. 11— F.C. Deutzia candidisoinia 11 -pi. ... W. C. Leach. March 25— A.M. Disa tripetaloides Sir C. W. Stiickland, June 24 -A M. Eiiki;inthus i' tmpanulatus ... J. Veitch & Sons, M.iy 13 — A.M. xEpiphrouitis Veitchii ... J. Veitch & Sons, June 21— F.C. and B.C. Gloxinia Agnes Cook H. Cannell & Sons, June JO- A.M. ,, Empress of India ... Sutton & Sons, May 28— A.M. ,, Mrs. J. Donaldson ... J. Veitch & Sons, May 28 — A.M. ,, Prince of Wales Sutton & Sons, May 28 — A.M. ,, Princess of Wales ... Sutton & Sons, May 28 — A.M. ,, strain New Netted ... Sutton & Sons, May 28— A. M. Helleborus colchieus coc- cineus Paul & Son, Feb. 11 — A.M. Iris sindjarensis Barr & Son, March 25— A.M. I Paul & Son, May 13— A.M. Juniperus canadensis aurea ...- J. Veitch & Sons, May 13— ( A.M. La-lia anceps Schroderiana ... Baron Schroder, Jan. 14 — F.C. ,, purparata Empress ... J. Cypher, May 28— A.M. XLielio-Uattleya Canliamki'... J. Veitch & Sons, June 24 — A.M. [F.C. ,, ,, eximia J. Veitch & Sons, June 24 — ,, ,, Hippolyta J. Veitch & Sons, March 25— F.C. [—F.C. Lastreaf. ra.eristata fimbriata W. & J. Birkenhead. May 28 Lnbelia Reine Blanche T. Witney, June 10 — A.M. Lunaria biennis variegata ... W. Cutbush & Son, May 13— A.M. LupinusFoxii Kelway & Son, May 28 — A.M. Lycaste Skinneri regina ... E. A. Roberts, Feb. 11 — A.M. ,, ,, Young's var R. Young, March 11 — F.C. Masdevallia Courtauldiana ... S. Courtauld, June 24 — A.M. ,, leontoglossa A. H. Smee, Feb. 11— B.C. Mignonette, Garaw ay's double ( W. A. Garaway & Co. white improved \ April 22— A.M. Miltouia Bleui sp'.eodensx ... F.Sander & Co., May 28— F.C. ,, vexillaria Fairy Queen... F. Sander & Co., May 28 — F.C. ,, ,, Le Doux's var. ... G. Le Doux, April 22 — A.M. Narcissus George Engelheart... Rev. G.H.Engelheart, ApnI22 —A.M. Nephrolepis exaltata plumosa. H. B. May, April 22— A.M. Odontoglossum Galeottianum T. Statter, June 10 -A.M. „ maculatumanceps ... — Atkinson, May 13 — F.C. ,, Pescatorei melanocen- ' * trum F. G. Tautz, March 11— A.M. „ „ var. Mrs. G. W. Pal- mer G.W. Palmer, April >2— A.M. „ ,, Tilgatevar. ... J. W. Nix, June 10-A M. ,, ramosissimum A. H. Smee, Feb. 11 — F.C. ., triumphans aureum ... A. H. Smee. April 22 — F.C. Oncidium Larkinianum ... J. Larkin, March 11 — A.M. ,, roraimense F.Sander&Co .May 2S — A.M. Paeonia conchinora Paul & Sons, May 28 — F.C. Pseony Beatrice Kelway ... Kelway & Son, Mav 13 — A.M. ,, Berlioz Paul & Son, June 24— A.M. ,, Daubentou Paul & Son, June 24— A.M. ,, Duchess of Teck Kelway & Son, June 10 — A.M. ,, Princess May Kelway & Son, June 10— A. M. ,, Sainfoin Kelway & Son, Juoe 10— A.M. ,. Stanley Kelway & Son. June lo— A.M. Pansy Evnsford Yellow ... H. Cannell & Sous, May 13— A.M. Pelargonium Midsummer ... J. R. Pearson & Sons, June 24 -A.M. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 5, 1890. Pelargonium Prince Henry ... Phaius Cooksoni X ,, Humbloti alba Philadelphus inodorns ,, microphyllus Phcenix Rcebelenii Polyanthus terra-cotta Primrose Oakwood Blue ,, Eed Gauntlet Primula Sieboldi alba magui- fica „ Bruce Findlay M Distinction „ sinensis Eynsford Pink... ,, Eynsford Red ,, Her Majesty Pteris serrulata eloriosa Pyrethrum Carl Vogel... ,, Clemence Pyxidanthera barbulata Rhodoiendron Ajax ... ,, Williamsi Rose (H. P.) Crimson Globe „ Hvbrid „ J.'D. Pawle ,, Marchioness of Lome ... „ Mrs. Paul Sarcopodium Dearii ,, Godseffianum (provision- ( ally named) ( Sobralia macrantha var. rosea Syringa Madame Kreuter ... Trillium discolor atratum ... Xerophyllum asphodeloides ... F. Perkins. May 28— A.M. N. Cookson, March 11— F.C. Baron Schroder, June 10— F.C. W. C. Leach, March 25— A.M. i Paul & Son, June 24— F.C. I J. Veitch &Sons, June 24— F.C. i Sander & Co., March 11— F.C. i Jas. O'Brien, March 11— F.C. ' R. Dean. April 8- A.M. G. F. Wilson, April 8— A.M. G. F. Wilson, April 22— A.M. Ryder & Son, May 13— A.M. Ryder & Sou, April 22— A.M. Ryder & Son. April 22— A.M. H. Cannell & Sons, Jan. 14— A.M. H. Cannell & Sons, Jan. 14— A.M. H. Cannell & Sons, Jan. 14— A.M. H. B. May, Jan. 14— A.M. Kelway & Son, May 28— A.M. Kelway & Son, May 28— A.M. Paul & Son. April 8— A.M. J. Veitch & Sons, June 24— F.C. B. S. Williams & Son, April 22 —A.M. W. Paul & Son, May 28— F.C. Lord Penzance, June 10 — F.C. Paul & Son. June 24 — A.M. W. Paul & Son, June 24— A.M. Paul & Son. June 24— A.M. Baron Schroder, May 28— A.M. F. Sander & Co., June 24— F.C. Mrs. Studd, June 10— F.C. Paul & Son, May 13-F.C. J. Veitch & Sons, March 25— A.M. Paul & Son, June 10- A.M. THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE COMMITTEE. Apple Armorel Broccoli Veitch's Model Strawberry Auguste Nicaise., „ Crescent Seedling C. Ross. March 25— A.M. W. C. Leach, May 13— F.C. J. Smith, Aprils— A.M. Paul & Son. June 24— A.M. BY THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY. *V B.C. : Botanical Certificate ; F. C. : Fhricultural Certificate. Abies excelsa mutabilis ... J. Veitch & Sons, Mav 14 — B.C. Ac«r iaponicum laciniatum ... J. Veitch & Sous, May 14— B.C. ,, Prince Hendjery ... Paul & Son, May 14 — B.C. Aerides Sanderianum F. Sander&Co., June 11 — B.C. Amaryllis The Champion ... J. Veitch & Sons, March i6 — F.C. „ Der Kaiser J. Veitch & Sons, March 26— F.C. „ John Heal J. Veitch & Sons, March 26— F.C. „ Olivette J. Veitch & Sons, March 26— F.C. Angrsecum citratum var. gi- ganteum W. F. Darnell, March 25— B.C. Arisrema tiliforme B. S. Williams & Son, June 11 —B.C. Auricula Magpie (Horner) ... J. Douglas, April 23— F.C. Aialea J. T. D. Llewelyn ... C. Turner, May 14— F.C. Batemannia Wallisii F. Sander & Co., June 11 — B.C. Begonia Davisii variegata ... R. B. Davis. June 11— F.C. ,, Duchess of Portland ... J. Laing & Sons, May 14 — F.C. „ Duke of Sutherland ... H. Cannell & Sons, April 23— F.C. „ Golden Queen H. Cannell & SonB, June 11 — F.C. ,, Honble. Frances Bos- t H. Cannell & Sons, June 11— cnwen ( F.C. „ Lord Salisbury H. Cannell & Sons, April 23— F.C. ,, Mammoth J. Laing & Sons, May 14 — F.C. ,, Marchioness of Headfort J. Laing & Sons, June 11 — F.C. „ Miss French J. Laing & Sons, June 11— F.C. „ Mrs. Streatfield ... H. Cannell & Sons, June 11— F.C. ,, Princess Victorii ... J. Laing & Sons, May 14 — F.C. ,, Profusion J. Laing & Sons, May 14— F.C. tt Rosy Morn J. Laing & Sons. May 14— F.C. „ Sunset J. Laing & Sons, June 11 — F.C. t, Viscount Wolse'ey ... J. Laing & Sons, June 11— F.C. Bertolouia Souvenir de Gand B. S. Williams & Son, June 11 —B.C. Ciladium Gaspard Crayer ... .1. Laing & Sons, May 14 — F.C. ,, Mrs. H. Veitch ... J. Laing & Sons, May 14— F.C. Campanula persicifolia alba granditlora Barr & Son, June 11— F.C. Canna Madame Crozy Paul & Son. June 11— F.C. Carnation Madame A. Waroc- i J. Laing & Sons, April 23 — que "j F.C. Cattleya Brymeriana F. Sander & Co.. June 11— B.C. ,, Mendelii albens G. T. White, May 14— B.C. ,, Alfred Smee A. H. Smee, June 11— B.C. ,, Hackbridgensis A. H. Smee, Juno 11— B.C. ,, Mossiee decora B. S. Williams & Son. June 11 -B.C. Cattleya Mossia1 Measuresiana F. Sander & Co., June 11 — B.C. ,, „ Reineckiana pallida H. Low & Co., June 11— B.C. Cineraria Gem J. James, March 26— F.C. Clivea Ambroise Verschaffelt B. S. Williams & Sou, April 23 —F.C. ,, cruenta B. S. Williams & Son, April £3 —F.C. „ Meteor B.S.Williams & Son, March26 —F.C. ,, Stansted Beauty ... J. Laing & Sons, March 26— F.C. Cyclamen Duke of Fife ... St. George's Nursery Co., March 26— F.C. Cypripedium AylingiiX ... E. Ayling, June 11— B.C. ,, cilifornicuni June 11 — B.C. „ Elliottianum H. Low & Co., May 14— B.C. .. volonteanum F. Sander & Co., Juue 11 — B.C. { J. Veitch & Sons, March 14 Cytisus scoparius Andreanus * — B.C. ( Paul & Son, March 14— B C. Delphinii'm Alfred Kelway ... Kelway & Son, June 11— F.C. „ Evelyn Kelway Kelway & Son, June 11— F.C. ., Horace Kelway Kelway & Son, June 11 — F.C. Disa tripetaloides J. O'Brien, May 14— B.C. Epidendruni Randii F. Sander & Co., June 11— B.C. EpiphyllumRussellianum var. Gaertneri B. S.Williams & Son, March 26 —F.C. Gloxinia Mrs. J. Donaldson ... J. Veitch & Sons, May 14— F.C. Iris aphylla Bridesmaid ... J. Laing & Sons, June 11 — F.C. ,, variegata Darius Barr & Son, June 11— F.C. 4 Paul & Son. May 14-B.C. Juniperus canadensis aurea ...-] J. Veitch & Sons, May 14 — ( B.C. X Lselio-Oattleya Hippolyta ... J. Veitch & Sons, March 26 — B.C. Lunaria bienni* variegata ... W. Cutbush & Sons, May 14, F.C. Mignonette Caraway's double J W. A. Garaway & Co., white improved ( April 23— F.C. Miltonia Bleui splendens ... F. Sander&Co., June 11 — B.C. Myosotis rupicola Paul & Son, May 14— F.C. Narcissus Madame de Graaff... Barr & Son, April 23— F.C. „ Mrs. G. Cannell Barr & Son, April 23— F.C. Nephrolepis caudata compacta J. Veitch & Sons, May 14 — B.C. Odontoglossum Galeottianum J. Statter, June 11 —B.C. OncidiumcrispumRothschildi- anum F. Sander&Co.. June 11— B.C. „ Larkinianum — Larkin, March 26 — B.C. „ roraimense F. Sander & Co. ..Tune 11 — B.C. Pseony Duchess of Fife ... Kelway & Son, June 11 — F.C. „ Duchess of Teck Kelway & Son, June 11— F.C. „ Duke of Clarence ... Kelway & Son, June 11 — F.C. ,, Emily Kelway Kelway & Son, June 11— F.C. „ Mrs.S. Low J. Laing&Sons.April23— F.C. ,, Princess May Kelway & Son, June 11 — F.C. „ Sainfoin Kelway & Son, June 11 — F.C. „ Stanley Kelway & Son, June 11— F.C. ,, Triomphe de Milan ... J. Laing & Sons, April 23— F.C. Papaver Brilliant T. S. Ware, June 11— F.C. „ orientale T. S. Ware, June 11— F.C. ,, Prince of Orange ... T. S. Ware, June 11 — F.C. „ Royal Scarlet T. S. Ware, June 11— F.C. Felargouium Duchess of Fife D. Phillips, April 23— F.C. ,. Empress of India ... J. & J. Hayes. May 14— F.C. Phaius Humblotii F. Sander&Co., June 11— B.C. ,, „ alba F. Sander&Co.. June 11— B.C. Phcenix Rcebelenii ... ... F. Sander&Co., June 11— B.C. Phyllocactus brilliant J. Veitch & Sons, May 14— F.C. ,, exquiite J. Veitch & Sons, May 14 — F.C. Primula Sitboldi alba mag- nifies Ryder & Son, April 23— F C. „ Bruce Findlay Ryder & Son, April 23— F.C. „ Harry Leigh Ryder & Son, April 23— F.C. ,, lilacinamarginata ... T. S. Ware, April S3— F.C. „ Ruby Queen Ryder & Son, April 23— F.C. „ Mrs. Ryder Ryder & Son, April 23— F.C. Rhododendron The Queen ... J. Veitch & Sons, May 14— F.C. Richardia Elliottiana Knight, May 14-B.C. Rose The Queen W. Paul & Son, May 14— F.C. Saxifraga McNabiana J. Laiog&Sons, June 11— B.C. Syringa alba graudiflora ... Kelway & Son. May 14— F.C. Tulipa elegans alba Barr & Son, May 14 — F.C. ., Kaufmanuiana Paul & Son, March 26— B.C. Trollius caucasicus auran- tiacus T. S. Ware, May 14— F.C. Xerophyllum asphodeloides ... Howes, June 11 — B.C. A QUIET RETREAT. Science in this country, when not associated with business, is poorly rewarded. The delights of its pursuit are considered a sufficient compensation for the expenses connected with midnight oil and other requisites. It is, however, gratifying when we find an exception, and specially gratifying is it to find that a man so highly honoured for his work, wherever the English language is spoken, as Sir Richard Owen should have, by the favour of the Queen, been put in possession of a residence (fig. 1, p. 9) which might well realise the beau-ideal of a busy man. Sir Richard's cottage is in Richmond Park, just within the Sheen Gate, enjoying a wide view over pasture and copse, aud having at the back a large garden — a veritable garden of delight. Its plan is simple, consisting merely of a large lawn surrounded by herbaceous borders, backed up by shrubs, and tailing off into wilderness walks. On the lawn are fine specimens of the Cor- sican Pine and of the Hemlock Fir, a good Beech, and a noble Plane. The borders are full of old-fashioned herbaceous plants, Irises, Pneonies, Daffodils, and what not. Darwin's Berberis was all aglow when we saw the garden, and the air was heavy with the perfume of Lilac. Straight walks are not eschewed where a straight walk is permissible, and if it please not, there are plenty of sinuous paths through a wilder- ness garden which give the necessary variety. Traces of the owner's proclivities may be seen here and there in the shape of grotesque-looking fossils, skulls, and bones, which, half hidden in the shrubs and long grass, look quaint and excite interest without a tinge of unpleasant suggestion. Close by is the garden of Sir Edwin Chadwick, another veteran in the cause of science, and in his garden is a stone Pine, P. pinea, with one of those burrs on its branches which excite so much curiositv. PLANTS AS THEY GROW IN NATURE. I do not so much wish to advocate any particular side of the question, as to give a few jottings from notes made and observations taken some years ago while engaged in Coffee and Cinchona planting in Southern India, on the habitats of some plants grown in English glass-houses, and the natural con- ditions under which they were found growing in a wild state. At the outset, I may, perhaps, be allowed to state, that I consider the article which appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle of May 3, 1890, from Mr J. A. Gammie, with reference to the natural con- ditions under which the Cymbidium eburneum and other Orchids are found in India, an extremely opportune and suggestive one ; and I most cordially agree with the Editor's footnote, that the thanks of all Orchid growers are due to Mr. Gammie, and in the hope that others similarly placed will favour us with their observations on plants as they grow in Nature. This, I venture to think, if pursued with care and persistency, might in time become a great factor in increasing our knowledge with regard to the proper mode of cultivating many exotic plants under artificial citcumstances. Mr. Gammie's remark, that " many plants appear to have accommodating constitutions, and are found growing equally well at widely different altitudes," — which means, of course, widely different tempe- ratures—is a fact which is beyond dispute ; but as this fact does not come very strikingly, perhaps, under the notice of the English gardener in con- nection with the flora of his own country, it is somewhat hard of belief; and hence, to my mind, the very great value to be attached both to Mr. Gammie's communication and the Editor's footnote. When an Orchid or any other plant is found not to affect a wide range of altitude, then, when this is known, its artificial cultivation becomes, compara- tively speaking, a matter of ease ; but when it is proved that a certain plant is found in a natural state, growing at widely different altitudes, and con- sequently in widely different temperatures, say, as widely different as the stove and the greenhouse, then perhaps it should be the aim of the English gardener to cultivate the plant in the much lower temperature. As a plant that seems equally at home under vastly diverse conditions, I may instance the Pteris longifolia. This Fern I have seen growing on the inside of the walls of deep wells at Calicut and Cananore on the Malabar Coast, within 50 yards of the sea; on the Poonoor Ghaut, Nilgiri Hills, at an elevation of 4000 feet ; and on the Koonda Moun- tains, Nilgiri Range, at an elevation of 6500 feet above sea-level, the difference in the mean annual temperature between the highest and lowest locali- ties being, probably, not less than 40°. Another plant, Gloriosa superba, was a common Creeper on the Coffee estates in the Wynaad district of Malabar, and was frequently found covering the Coffee bushe 1800.1 THE GARDENERS' OHRONTCLE. with il splendid blossoms on plantations that had not b n carefully weeded. It was usually found at an e) .ation of 3000 feet; but, much to my surprise, lor ,'foun-' ^rowing in great abundance on the arid pi . ol Tinnivelly, but here it had abandoned its trailing habit, and appeared as a stocky plant of about a foot in height, at the same time covered with richly-coloured blossoms. The difference in temperature between the two places named above is immense ; and still more, the rainfall in the Wynaad amounts to nearly 100 inches annually, while on the plains of Tinnivelly the fall does not reach more than 25 inches, and in some seasons it is very much less. Lilium neilgherrense is a plant which, although not affecting a very great range ol altitude, yet pre- sents one or two peculiarities with reference to the natural conditions under which it is found in its wild state. Complaints are often heard in England about the difficulty of growing this Lily, and it is certainly not often that one sees it in this country in growing the bulb in a purely vegetable soil of a light nature, and supplying it with an abundance of water during its period of growth and flowering, either by placing the pots in saucers filled with water, or raised so that the evaporation at least might reach the roots. The western portion of the Nilgiri plateau alone is within the influence of the south-west mon- soon, which begins in June and ends in September. The eastern side being dependent for its moisture to the north-east monsoon between October and December, and the Lily being common to both portions of the plateau, of course flowers at different seasons; but the soil and situations in which it is found are identical. From this last-named circum- stance, I presume that it would be no difficult task for the English gardener to have this Lily in bloom at different seasons of the year, or indeed all the year round. Osmunda regalis. — This Fern is found in the Wynaad, at an elevation of about 2.500 feet, and the plants were sent to us for the first time from South India, with the above account of the con- ditions in Nature under which it was found growing, where is the gardener who, in attempting the artificial cultivation of the plant, would strive to imitate these conditions, and submerge his plants in a tank annually for a period of fuur and a half months? This may, of course, be termed an extreme case, but it might, perhaps, be as well to ventilate all sides of this extremely interesting question. The Torenia asiatica is another plant which is found displaying equally luxuriant growth and floriferousness in Malabar, at an elevation of 2500 feet, and 7000 feet on the Nilgiris. I could easily give many other instances of a like nature, but the above may suffice for the present. I am induced, however, to offer another with reference to a plant not indigenous to India, viz., the Bougain- villea glabra, which is found in gardens at the sea- level all along the Malabar coast, growing luxuriantly, aud literally drowning with its bright- coloured bracts '" ' ■ , ; nf> Fig. 1. — sir RicH.wiD owen's cottage, (see p. 8.) anything like the freshness of beauty that it invari- ably presents in its native country. Peat, leaf- mould, silver-sand, and well-rotted cow-manure, well mixed together, is the usual compost recom- mended in the cultivation of this bulb in this country, and nothing more is said with regard to watering than is advised for the pot-culture of any other Lily. Now, the soil in which the plant is always found growing in a wild state, peat, sand, and, of course, manure, are altogether absent, decayed leaf-mould being nearest to that which it affects; and, as to water, I spent several years of my life on the Nilgiri Hills, and I never saw this Lily grow in any other position than on the face of cliffs in crevices, where the soil was a vegetable mould, and where the water was oozing from and streaming down the face of the cliffs, keeping the soil in which the plants grew in a constant state of puddle, and this for a duration of from four to five months, or while the effects of the rainy season lasted; after which the soil became dust-dry, and remained so for the rest of the year. With re- ference to its artificial cultivation in this country, all this would, I imagine, point to the necessity of at Pycarra, on the Nilgiris, at an elevation of 6500 feet, growing equally tall and luxuriantly at both elevations. In the former locality it is found in great abundance on the banks of the River Cubbany, and close to the water's edge when the stream is at its lowest. The south-west monsoon breaks about the middle of June, and ends about the middle of September. From the very heavy rainfall in the region of the western ghauts, the river rises some 30 feet above its low-water mark, and flows very full for a considerable time after the south-west rains have ceased ; the Osmunda is, therefore, sub- merged to a depth varying from 20 to 30 feet for a period of three months annually, and it is quite another month or six weeks before the water falls below the line on which the Fern finds a home. When the water falls below this line, admitting the sun's rays to crowns and roots, the fronds appear as if by magic, and the banks of the river are quickly clothed with a mantle of the most lovely green imaginable. At the higher elevation the Osmunda undergoes a similar submersion, but not for so long a period. Of course, we have the Osmunda regalis with us as a native ; but supposing we had not, and the trees against which it is planted. I have grown the same plant in the same province of Malabar at an elevation of 3500 feet, with the result that the flowers or bracts were somewhat paler, and the plant assumed a bush-like form from which it never varied, nor broke into its normal trailing habit ; so that in the case of the Bougainvillea, an increase in elevation had the effect of dwarfing the habit of the plait, while in the case of the Gloriosa superba, a decrease in elevation had a similar effect. I would like briefly to draw attention to some notes of observations I made while sojourning in Malabar, and touching the remark of the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, in the Gardners' Chronicle, of January 4 last, to the effect that "'plants in Nature do not grow where they like, but where they can." The tract of land called the Wynnad, in Malabar, lies between the crest of the Western Ghauts on the west, and the Mysore frontier on the east, and consists of two typical districts called locally, Bamboo and Forest respectively. The flora of these two districts, although each forming part of the whole, is of such marked and wonderful dissimi- larity, as to at once arrest the attention of the 10 THE GAlZDENEltB-- CHtiOXlCl h. [Jui lS'JO. stranger who happens to possess an interest in such things. The line of demarcation is so clearly fixed and so abrupt that there is no mistaking it, the one not being, as it were, dove-tailed into the other, and the difference of elevation and rainfall, although appreciable, was never to my mind sufficient to account for the total dissimilarity of the flora. In the Forest tract the trees and shrubs are evergreen, m the Bamboo tract they are deciduous. Birds and animals of innumerable genera exist to carry the seeds from one tract to another, and yet they are never found mixed. The line is hard and fast, and will remain so as long as Nature is left to herself. The beautiful little deciduous Fern, Adiantum lunu- latum, found in the rainy season clothing with a garment of loveliness, half decayed trees, rocks, boulders, and the rough and unsightly places of the Bamboo tract, stops abruptly when it reaches the magic line. The graceful Davallia tenuifolia which, in many places, clothes the banks and road- sides of the Forest tract with its elegant fronds, never intrudes among its ferny neighbours of the Bimboo section, although growing within sight of each other. The Gloriosa, Cissns, Hoya, and a thousand other plants common to the Bamboo soil, are never, by any chance, seen on that of the Forest, and, as I have already said, 1 cannot believe that all this is on account of the difference of altitude or rainfall, of both combined, for neither of these are so much greater on the one side than the other to satisfac- torily account for the phenomenon, nor do I think the greater shade of the Forest tract over that of the deciduous Bamboo region sufficient to account for it, because, along the banks of the rivers that intersect the Bamboo region, the trees are all evergreen, con- sisting of the Wild Mango, Mangifera indica, and other such trees, and yet not a single Fern, plant, or shrub, peculiar to the Forest region, is to be found along the banks, although the rivers all take their rise, and flow for a considerable distance through the evergreen forest before reaching the Bamboo tract. How, then, may I be allowed to ask, can It be said in truth, that " plants in Nature do not [necessarily. Ed.] grow where they like, but where they can?" As I consider in further proof of the erroneousness of this statement, I would mention another very curious fact in connection with this same Bamboo district of Malabar, namely, that at intervals throughout the whole region, reaching even to the drier confines of the Mysore frontier, small patches of forest are to be found of from 1 to 3 acres, exactly similar to the forests to the west, and consisting of exactly the same kinds of trees, shrubs, and plants. Each clump stands out in its living green, like an oasis in the desert, to gladden the eye of the traveller during the hot months, when the Bamboo clumps are robbed of half their gract-fulness by the fall of the leaf, when the surrounding jungle presents nothing but leafless trees and blackened earth. Yet, marvellous to say, not a single plant or tree of the Bamboo jungles is to be found within these sacred woods — for sacred they are considered by the natives, each containing an idol set up in a little clearing in the centre, kept scrupu- lously neat and clean by the attendance of the officiating priest, who lives in a nfatly built house close by. unrounded by cultivated plants of the Orange, Jack Fruit, and Banana. These patches, evidently a Bonrce of mystery to the native mind for ages, hence their association with supernatural agencies, are, perhaps, as much a subject of mystery to the people of the west at the present day. Soil may possibly be an active agent in the bringing about of such curious results in Nature, but I cannot think it is the sole one any more than I can concur In the dictum that " plants in Nature do not grow where they like, but where they can." Hortus. ROSES. Trade Notice. The business of Mons. L. Paillet, of Chatenay-par- Sceaux (Seine), France, which was established by his father in 1827, and taken over by him in 1860, has now been taken over by his son, Mons. Louis Faillet, who was last month married to Mademoiselle Alice Blouin, The remarks by " Wild Rose," p. 7<5i of the last volume, on the Rose prospects of the present season are very interesting to Rose growers generally, for we do like to know how it fares with other growers in other districts. Our own garden is too near London to compete favourably with those 15 miles or more distant, but we get very fair results some seasons, and this year I am pleased to say we have one of the bsst Rose seasons I ever knew. North and east winds have been frequent and keen, and large beds of Roses have been exposed to both ; one bed containing upwards of 200 plants is par- tially sheltered from both directions, and the only difference I can perceive in it is that the shel- tered plants produce their flowers about six days earlier than the others; as regards vigour and health, they are all equal. Our garden is not iu the best part of Essex, and perhaps not the worst. The county is well to the fore in Rose growing— even the garden of Roses, Herts, does not surpass it, as we have Mr. Pemberton at Havering, and the redoubtable growers, Mr. B. R. Cant, and Mr. Frank Cant, in Colchester— growers who have in past seasons won the highest positions as exhibitors. They have for the present season scored a success by winning 1st and 2nd prizes in the classes for seventy-two and forty-eight blooms respectively at the York Floral Fete on the 18th of last month. It would not be fair to mention this success for Essex, and omit any mention of the remarkable boxes of Tea Roses exhibited by Mr. Prince, of Oxford. The Oxford Roses won three 1st prizes ; a box of twelve various, and another of Comtesse de Naclaillac were marvellous examples of good culture. The Essex Ruses were strong in hybrid perpetuals. Notwithstanding the very great improvement in the hybrid perpetuals, it is nothing compared to what has taken place in the Teas during the last quarter of a century, and it has been greatest during the latter half of that period. More than thirty years ago, some good Tea Roses were in culti- vation, but new ones were few. When Souvenir A' Elise (Marest) was figured in the Florist for the year 1856, Messrs. Staudish and Noble, of Ascot, who introduced it, gave a list of seventeen other new Rises, and not one Tea figured amongst them, if we except Gloire de Dijon, which is in the list as a B jurbon. Now the varieties of new Tea Roses are so numerous that the difficulty of selection has become very great. Another matter of some interest to exhi- bitors of Roses is the favour accorded to them against hybrid perpetuals by some judges. I have heard judges say that certain collections of cut blooms should be placed first " because they contained the larger number of Teas." Probably the larger number of rosarians would prefer Tea Roses ; but when it comes to judging one collection of Roses against another, and they consist of hybrid perpetuals aud Teas, it seems but right that they should be judged on their intrinsic merits alone. If a certain H.P. as a Rose is better than a given Tea, let it win. It is not good policy to give an exhibitor the chance to say, " My Roses were the best, but I lost my chance of winning the prize because my opponent had the larger number of Teas." It is more satis- factory to managers of shows, exhibitors, and judges, when the exhibition is large enough, to classify the Roses, and match Teas against Teas, and II.P.'s against H.P.'s. Of course when one has to deal with seventy-two distinct Roses or forty-eight triplets, it may be necessary not to define any limit as to classes, and trust to the judges arriving at a satisfactory conclusion. Many persons have an idea that Tea Roses require a special system of culture. They are certainly not so hardy, but in other respects, as garden Roses, they do not present any difficulty. The foundation of good culture consists iu the preparation of the soil. It is no use saying this or that kind of soil is necessary for them ; people have to do with the ground of which their garden is composed, I have grown excellent Tea Roses on light soil over gravel, and as good on rather heavy loam, with much less labour, as the latter class of soil is better adapted for Rose culture, and the plants stand drought in summer much better. One advantage of light soil is, that can it be dug over or trenched in almost any kind of weather wet or dry, whereas clay soils are made almost unworkable by digging or trenching them over in wet weather. If the bed or border where the Roses are to be planted is not prepared as it ought to be, subsequent careful attention will, to some extent at least, be lost upon them. Many persons cannot order Tea Roses by the hundred, though they would like to. To such I would advise purchasing, say, twenty-five of the very best varieties ; plant them well, and at the same time plant a few hundreds of seedling Briers— one year old plants. The seedlings are of small size, but they will be quite strong enough for budding by July the following season ; and the buds ought to be inserted in the Brier stem close to the surface of the ground. In all cases a mulching of decayed manure over the surface of the ground is beneficial. J. Douglas, Itford. TWO DISTINGUISHED HARDENERS.* There is a pleasaut and wholesome " out-of- doors" sort of interest about Mrs. Houstoun's reminiscences of her father, the late Edward Jesse and his intimate friend, the Rev. John Mitford, who was for some years editor of the Gentleman's Maga- zine. It is literally full of horticultural interest, for its author, like her principal characters, has had from childhood a genuine passion for gardening. Mrs. Houstoun has not made an unscrupulous bid for popularity by raking together the scandals and spicy anecdotes current half a century ago; her book therefore will probably not have an extensive circulation, but it will none the less be perused with delight by everyone who takes an interest in the elevating studies of natural history. Mrs. Houstoun's memories are pleasant memories. We have, at the outset, a pretty little pen-picture of her father's small cottage almost within the boundaries of Bushey Park, and of the view, from that house, of " the gnarled old Haw- thorns which at one time grew thickly upon the well-cropped greensward, and in the spring-time the scent— bitter-sweet— of millions of snowy blossoms which wafted to the open windows, and mingled with the rich perfume of gigantic red double Stocks." But Bushey Park has, alas ! become greatly altered since the time when Mr. Jesse was " Deputy- Surveyor of the Royal Parks and Palaces." In addition to the royal parks and palaces, the gardens appertaining to those palaces were under the surveillance of Mr. Jesse, who was fortunate in securing the services, as head and landscape gar- dener, of " a man as remarkable for taste and practical knowledge of his profession as he was for his morose disposition and singular bearishness of manner.'' But Johnstone, who was a Scotsman, was by no means cantankerous with those whose love for flowers and gardening was genuine ; it was apparently upon pretenders and garden thieves that the gentleman from the land of oatmeal and " whuskey " lavished his scorn and contempt ; but he was only one example of the gardeners of fifty or sixty years ago— in fact, perhaps, as well as in fiction. John- stone's mother-in-law described the morose and canny Scot in the following words :— " Well, Sir, he ain't a drinking man ; no, nor he ain't a wife-beater, nor one of them swearing, passionate fellows ; but he makes her a tedious husband." But then we must remember that mothers-in-law are dangerous people, with strong prejudices! Excur- sion days appear to have been the periods when Johnstone's moroseness culminated a sort of tem- porary madness, for it was on such occasions that 'Arries and 'Arriets desecrated his treasured gardens. •John Mitford and Edward Jesse, " Syloanua Hedivious,' by M, Houstoun. Loudon : Sampson, Low & Oo. July.'5, 1800.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 11 And who indeed cannot sympathise with the poor man ? Mrs. Houstoun asserts, and we quite believe her, that if her father had sentenced the rifler of even a single flower to three months' imprisonment and a severe flogging, Johnstone would have con- sidered the punishment scarcely adequate to the enormity of the offence committed. It is sad to relate that Mrs. Houstoun herself was the person for whom a certain young officer made nightly and successful raids upon the flower-beds, in spite of the watch of Johnstone and his myrmidons ; and it is still sadder to inform our readers that the maiden who fired this youthful Mars with the spirit of adventure, threatened to betray him if he did not at once confess his thefts uuto her father ! True, there was "the fun of the thing — the delight of out- witting old Johnstone, and the intoxication— deli- cious while it lasted — of success ! " Mr. Jesse had sometimes to contend with serious and delicate difficulties. On one occasion the Duke of Clarence (afterwards William IV.) took it into his somewhat empty head to destroy at one fell swoop the magnificent old Kims which have for several centuries past stood, showing no single Bymptom of decay, on the mile and a half of public road that lies between Hampton Court and Kings- ton-upon-Thames. But for these " grand old giants," and a broad belt of ornamental trees and shrubs, this road would be painful in its dull for- mality. Mr. Jesse had an almost sacred veneration for old trees, and this determination annoyed him profoundly. He wrote a letter of remonstrance to the Duke, but this having no effect, he sent an offi- cial report of the intended act to the First Commis- sioner of Woods, and His Royal Highness's little game was nipped in the bud. Of Mitford, whom Samuel Rogers, the poet, described as living for " trees and butter," and as " no more fit to be a parson that I am to be the Angel Gabriel," there are several exceedingly interesting and witty letters published in this volume of Mrs. Houstoun's. In nearly every one of them literature and gardening matters predominate. It was from him that our author learnt the mindfulness displayed by Charles I. to the embellishment of Hampton Court Gardens, and also that it was due to the better taste of Charles II. to convert them not only to their present style and form, but the planting therein of the famous Yew trees. There are frequent references in Mitford's letters to Cutting — surely an appropriate name ! — the nur- seryman, and Carter the seedsman. Writing on June 1, 1855, he desired Mr. Jesse to obtain some bulbs of Lilium japonicum from Cutting, adding, "I have just finished a stove for foreign plants, and lighted the fire first to-day. I mean to sit under my own Palm trees, like sad Judea, only I sha'n't weep." And again, a short time afterwards: — "I am growing fastidious, and can't do without Myrtles in the open ground, so have transplanted a border of them. At present 1 prefer them to Victoria Reginas or Pauloneas [sic], or other things with hard names and gigantic leaves. That is all I have done in the department over which Adam first presided, and has been succeeded by Sir William Hooker and yourself." Mr. Mitford drops into French poetry, of which we can only quote the first verse : — " Mon jardin est fletri, Et tout le jour je crie La pluie, la pluie, la pluie ! " Mr. Mitford goes into raptures over Daphne odora, the scent of which he thinks must be like that of the Houris in Mahomet's Paradise ! And had we space we should like to have dwelt on the grateful and charming manner in which Mrs. Houstoun acknowledges her indebtedness to the versatile editor of the Gentleman's Magazine for a large portion of her knowledge of plants and gardening matters. But our limits are already exhausted. We must, how- ever, claim a privilege, which is not only the property of the gardener, but also of the reviewer: and that is to grumble. Mrs. Houstoun's book contains neither index nor list of contents. The publishers, almost as much as the author, are to be blamed for this un- pardonable oversight. But then the reviewer is compelled to read the book which he criticises ; and in the present instance his time will not be un- profitably employed, for it is a most interesting work. Orchid Notes and Gleanings, O. Cervantesii and O. nebulosum ? " I believe not. The remarkable column-wings are totally unlike any other. We have one of Galeotti's original specimens at Kew, and I believe it is a quite genuine species. The flowers are white, with transverse reddish-brown bars at the base of the petals. The long white callus is covered with yellow streaks. In general character it stands near 0. nebulosum. R. A. Rolf'c. CATPLEYAx KRAMERIANA, Rchb. f. A flower of the above, which is a great rarity, has just been sent to Kew by Herr F. Kramer, Kleiu-Flotbeck, near Hamburgh. It was described as a supposed natural hybrid between C. Forbesii and C. intermedia. When compiling the " List of Garden Orchils " I had not seen it, and now I find it is quite different from any form I had seen before, and bears every appearance of being a natural hybrid from the species above-named. C. Isabella, Rchb. f, is also supposed to have the same parentage ; but I have not seen it, and fear the plant was lost years ago. The segments are linear, subacute, of a delicate pink shade, a little over 2 inches long, and nearly half an inch broad. The lip is elliptical, three-lobed, lj- inch across, the front lobe nearly square, obtuse, crimson-purple, with a little white, chit- My down the centre, the side lobes white, pink towards margin, and the nerves pale-buff. There are six raised keels on the disc. The lip is strongly stamped with the characters of C. Forbesii, while, in other respects, the flower much resembes C. intermedia, so that, I think, there can be little doubt of the plant's origin. The gradual recovery of these Reichenbachian types is a very fortunate circumstance. R. A. Rolfe. Masdevaluas at Messrs. Seeder & Tbopp's. At their nursery at 112, Lordship Lane, this firm has a brilliantdisplay of those beautiful Orchids which, after having been slighted lor a time, are again rising into favour. Many botanical species are here in bloom, but the show is made up of the varieties of M. Harryana, some of the plants having a score or so of blooms. M. II. Etincelle is a fine scarlet, with yellow eye ; M. II. Kentish Fire, is of a glowing red ; M. II. lilacina is white, washed with lavender; M. II. Georges Mantin is a very large and richly- coloured variety; M. II. conchiflora is violet, the flower shell-shape ; M. II. miniata, reddish - ver- milion ; M. II. Ariadne, rich red; M. H. pudens, dwarf habit, and has purplish, shell shaped flowers. The true M. H. " Bull's Blood " is also in bloom, and altogether over a score of distinct varieties of this beautiful species, and all selected for their fine qualities and dissimilarity. Some of the Chima;ra section are also in bloom, and several of the smaller species with beetle-like flowers. Odontoolossum Galeottianum, Rich, cf Gal. This is a very pretty but apparently an extremely rare Mexican Odontoglossum, allied to 0. Cervan- tesii and 0. nebnlosum, though readily distinguished from all its allies by its linear and curved column- wings. It was described in 1845, from dried speci- mens collected by Galeotti on the Mexican Cordil- lera, near Oaxaca, at 7000 to 8000 feet elevation, where it was found growing on Oaks. It was noted in these columns in 1870, p. 39, by Prof. Reichenbach, as hitherto an obscure species, which Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. had obtained among plants of O. Cervan- tesii. In 1874 it is again mentioned (part i., p. 97), as having appeared with Mr. II. S. Williams. Now, after a long interval, the Liverpool Horticultural Co., have obtained it with plants of < I. Cervantesii, and flowers have been sent to Kew for determination. A few days later came others, from C. Winn, Esq . Selly Hill, near Birmingham, and from Mr. W. Stevens, Walton. Stone. Staffordshire, without any account of their origin. An Award of Merit was given by the Royal Horticultural Society on June 10 last to a plant exhibited by T. Statter, Esq., of Whitefield, near Manchester, which plant, I believe, came from the Liverpool Horticultural Co. ; so that we may hope the plant is once more established in cultiva- tion. Reichenbach asks, " Can it be a hybrid between Florists* Flowers. Till; FLORISTS' PINK. The exhibition of Pinks at the Royal Aquarium during the present week denotes, on the part of those who are interested in this once favourite flower, an attempt to bring it again into favour in the south of England. When it is remembered that the Pink is hardy, easily grown, free to bloom, and fragrant— in this respect superior to any other of the hardy Dianthuses, and in comparison with which the Car- nation is poorly favoured— the wonder is that so good a plant has fallen into comparative neglect. The white Pink finds a place in almost every garden ; in some the old Anna Boleyn and The Paddington are to be seen, but the fine laced varieties are much neglected. As I write, there is before me a bunch of perpetual flowering Carnations and laced Pinks — it is a charming combination ; but the perfume given forth by the petals of the latter quite pervades the room. Whether the laced Pink came from Dianthus plumarius, as some assert, or, as others think, from D. carophyllus, is a matter I will not discuss ; but of its beauty there can be no doubt, nor of its claims to recognition as a florist's flower. Maddock, in his Florists' Directory, published in 1792— very nearly a century ago — gives a diagram of a laced Pink. I think it must be regarded more as an ideal flower than as one actually in cultiva- tion at that day. The petals are of fairly good form, and neatly arranged ; the lacing is perfect, but the petal edges are fimbriated, as, doubtless, all the laced Pinks in cultivation in Maddock's time were. Since that time the edges have become smooth, and quite rounded, also larger, broader, and more sym- metrical ; the fimbriated edge has disappeared, or, if still siightly apparent in a lew of the oldest varie- ties, ii is because they are retained for some very pronounced good qualities. The decline in the culture of the laced 1'ink is shown by the fact, that where Mr. Turner used to grow eighty or one hundred varieties, he now has only one-fifth or so of that number. Nearly fifty years the properties of the Pink were laid down as follows: — "The petals of the flower should be round and smooth on the edge, and go well to the shoulders, to prevent them from being spade- shaped. The flower to be perfectly flat, except a crown formed with a few of the inner petals. No flower to contain less than twelve petals, the colour of the lacing to be well defined, the white ground to be clear and distinct. The lacing and eye or centre to correspond in colour"; the lacing to be well laid on to the edge of the petal, and not to show a white fringe outside the lacing. The petals Imbricating each other nearly, and showing the lacing distinct. The pod of the flower to be nearly straight, and not liable to burst, so that it will hold the petals close together, otherwise the flowers will show what the florists term an open throat, and not form a per- fect round eye, which is a most essential requisite in a good flower." Herein is a statement of the pro- perties that still holds good, and by which florists' Pinks should be judged at the present day. A visit to the Royal Nursery, Slough, at the pre- sent time reveals the laced Pinks in fine condition. The collection is a select one, and it includes the finest varieties ; they are Beauty, a small flower, but very free to cut from ; Boyard, a large and full flower, beautifully laced with bright red : a grand variety, that laces well, and probably the best Pink in cultivation; Clara, smooth, fine, a beautiful petal, 12 THE GA R D E N E I? S ' C HI? 0 XI CL E. [July 5, 1890. regularly laced with reddish-purple ; Empress of India, a very distinct variety, with rich deep lacing : extra fine ; Eurydice and Excelsior, very good ; De- vice, George White, Harry Hooper, rich dark lacing ; Jessica, Minerva, and Modesty, a very early variety, with bright rosy- purple lacing ; Mrs. Waite, small, but very pretty and free, and a charming border variety ; and Rosy Morn, a very handsome rink, with broad lacing. It may be said that laced Pinks are very much alike, and this could be said of Roses and other flowers ; but to the fancier there are striking differ- ences which may not be so apparent to any one else. He knows these intimately, notes diversities of cha- racter that were passed by the latter. There are at Slough several raised beds, and in two or three the plants were put out in the autumn. In the case of two others, the plants were turned out of pots in the spring and planted ; another was formed of plants taken direct from the cutting bed in August, and the strongest growth was to be found in these plants. The best compost for Pinks is loam mixed with road scrapings of a gravelly nature, which con- tains horse-droppings. If these can be collected in spring and laid by for a time, being occasionally turned, a very suitable ingredient for the Pink bed is secured. Road scrapings and grit mixed with the loam suit Pinks admirably. It need scarcely be said that top-dressings of manure in spring are highly beneficial. As a matter of course, if perfectly-laced flowers are required, they must be shaded from the sun. At Mr. Turner's nursery small handglasses a:e employed for the purpose of shading, and over these some light inetal shades. These are convenient and readily adjusted as required. Mrs. Reynolds Hole Cassation. A very fine lot of this popular Orange- coloured Carnation is now in flower in the tree Carnation house at the Royal Nursery, Slough. John Ball, who has had a life-long experience of Carnations, says that the most successful method of growing this variety is to have it in pots, for if it be plauted out it is disposed to become gouty, that is to say the stems swell at points near the soil, an appearance which technically is called "gout," and suggests the proba- bility of the plants taking up more sap through the roots than the plant is able to utilise. The plants are in 6-inch pots, and they stand on a stage in a well-ventilated house. E. D. THE ORANGE GROVES OE FLORIDA. ( Concluded from p. 7ti*, vol. vii.) There are many beautiful things amongst the wild plants and shrubs, some of which are occasion- ally seen under cultivation, and are known to English gardens also. These include Lantana crocea, Ipomea Quamoclit, two or three species of Opuntia ; three kinds of Fan-leaved Palms, one of which resembles Chaimerops Fortuneii very closely, and is very abundant ; the others grow to heights of 20 feet and upwards, and are very pretty when seen growing in large clumps. Callicarpa purpurea forms a fine object, laden with its purple berries, when Been in quantity. Magnolias form large trees, but none was in flower at the time of my visit. Yucca filamentosa is occasionally found. Oranges grow wild in some parts, but they are sour and worthless. Quercus coccinea (the Scarlet Oak) is very fine in December, when its leaves put on their bright tints ; and two or three other species, which are evergreens, make very fine trees in some parts of the country, but where the sand is of very poor quality they are generally found only as low bushes, while underneath them the sand, if too poor to grow grass, is covered with a finely cut leaved species of Lichen, similar to what we some- times find on Apple trees in England. Opuntias also grow in these places, and their roots extend 10 and 12 feet horizontally a little below the surface, while the whole plant may not be more than fi inches high. In the more moist parts some of the grasses are very pretty, but they were all dried up when I saw them, and in this state they are often mis- chievously set on lire, causing wholesale conflagra- tion. A few acres of a Pine forest when on fire forms at night a weird and strange sight, but it is not often the trees take fire from the burning grasses, unless they have been previously injured or are decayed ; but the grass and herbs are cleared off for a time only, to spring up again after the first shower. These forest fires do a great deal of harm by consuming all the decaying vegetable matter that would otherwise go to enrich the sandy land. Many of the wild flowers of Florida are pretty, and belong chiefly to Compositie. Very few plants wild in Britain are found, but Pinguieula vulgaris is abundant and beautiful. Two Ferns similar to Pteris aquilina and ( >smunda regalis ; a Drosera, which I believe to be D. rotundifolia ; a Rumex resembling R. acstosa ; a Polygonum, perhaps P. persicaria, and Sphagnum Moss, were all that I observed. Poa annua was nowhere to be seen, and Florida has none of our worst garden weeds, although I do not consider their own any improvement. In the best vegetable grounds Cane-grass is very abundant, growing in the manner of our Couch- grass, but it is far stronger, the underground stems being as thick as lead-pencils, and the stems 18 inches in height. The creeping roots of this grass soon fill a piece of ground, if left alone for a time, when it is peaty and moist. Another species of grass has stems which ramify on the top of the sand, and grow at a great pace until they reach a length of 30 feet, rooting, and sending out side- shoots as they advance ; and in moist places this soon covers the sand completely, if left undisturbed. A kind of grass, or Sedge, called the Sand-spur, which seeds very freely, is also very troublesome. It derives its name from the fruits, which are covered with sharp spines, and have an uncomfortable trick of getting into one's boots, and other like places, and never let go their hold without much persuasion. The timber is chiefly composed of Pinus cubensis, a coarse-grained hard wood, containing a good deal of turpentine. Another species of Pinus, but which is very local, is P. inops var. clausa, whose cones remain or. the trees a great number of years, and give them a very peculiar appearance. Taxodium distichum is abundant in Bome parts, and is always found growing in the water, or close to it ; some- times it may be found where the water is 3 or 4 feet deep, but in such positions it is generally in a state of decay. The curious excrescences, or outgrowths, from the root, called " knees " in England, are abundant, and are dangerous to small craft. This tree gives the largest timber of any that I saw, and some specimens measured from 10 to 12 feet in circumference, while the species of Pinus are not found of more than ,r> feet in circumference. I mea- sured a dead tree of P. cubensis which was 102 feet high, and 4 feet 8 inches in circumference at 4 feet from the ground. P. inops does not grow so tall or so large as this. Evergreen Oak is occasionally seen of large size, but the wood is so hard they cannot work it up. It is called Live Oak, to distinguish it from Quercus coccinea, a tree which is also occa- sionally seen of a good size. Other kinds of timber, Hickory, Ash, and Cherry, are found in some parts of Florida, and the Red Cedar, which is so much used for making pencils ; but I found on inquiry that this is scarce in large size, although often used as posts for fencing. The chief drawback to the trade of the country is the bad state of the roads, which are so loose that it is impossible to walk any long distance, and riding or driving becomes a necessity ; and there are no means of improving this state of things, for not a stone of any kind is to be seen, and in the larger towns the footpaths are made of cement, and in some instances of shells, which are spread on the sand ; the streets being sprinkled with a water-hose, which causes some little improvement. Among wild animals, deer, rabbits, tortoises — called by the negroes " gofers " — wild cats, opos- sums, skunks, &c, are more or less abundant ; and away in the swamps bears and panthers are occasion- ally met with ; snakes are abundant, and for the most part harmless. Doves, turtle-doves, quails, butcher-birds, mocking-birds, hawks of several kinds, buzzards, water-turkeys, herons, woodpeckers, storks, &c, and some rarer kinds, are found in the unin- habited portions. Anyone intending to settle in Florida as an Orange-grower, &c, should be previously well instructed in the first principles of horticulture, as the most of the persons engaged in Orange growing out there have vague ideas as to what is required, and it is difficult to get from them any definite information. On the whole, I found the country very enjoyable and healthy ; but intending settlers should be very careful to get on the highest land, towards the centre of the State. A good amount of capital is required, in order to get good returns, as it costs quite 50 per cent, more for food than it does in England, and many other things are dearer than here. The work is mostly performed by negroes, who are paid at the rate of 5s, 2Sd. per day, and they are not. as a rule, very industrious folk. There is a fair amount of English society in some parts, and a good many Americans from the North, who in many instances live in the Northern States during the summer. IV. H. Divers. Ketton Hall, Stamford. Plant Notes. MITRARIA COCCINEA. Now that a revival of old fashioned but beautiful plants has set in. Mitraria coccinea should not be forgotten, the bright, cheerful shade of scarlet of its tubular blossoms being a great gain in the green- house in June and July. We saw small plants blooming nicely at Messrs. Wood & Son's nurseries, Maresfield, in a greenhouse abuudantly ventilated. It was introduced from the island of Chiloe, by W. Lobb, in 1849, and was at one time found in most good gardens. Coming from a moist, temperate region, its re- quirements are best met in a greenhouse which is moist naturally, or is kept so, and after flowering place the plant in a warm spot to mature its wood. It requires a compost of peat, leaf-mould, and loam, in about equal proportions, with plenty of sharp sand. Young plants are better in a compost of peat and leaf-mould and sand. OLIVE OIL IN SPAIN AND TUSCANY. Is these days, when we are told that pure Olive oil is almost a thing of the past, and that Cotton oil to a great extent reigns in its stead, it is satisfactory to know that last year's < Hive harvest in Barcelona was a good one, both as regards the quantity and quality of the fruit. Spanish oil, we are also informed, is becoming more appreciated than it was, and is much better able now than formerly to compete with the carefully prepared oils of France and Italy. This is simply because greater care is now bestowed on the sorting of the different qualities of Olives, in the elaboration of the oil, and in its classification after- wards, than formerly was given. In Tuscany, Leghorn is the centre of the Ulive oil trade, and we are informed that the quality of Tuscan Olive oil still maintains a high reputation as a pure oil for table use. There is, however, a considerable falling off in the quantity of oil exported from Leghorn. In 1882 and 188.3 the exports amounted to 4813 tons and 4132 tons, respectively ; whereas in 1887, the total export had fallen to 3811 tons, and in 1888, to 2109 tons. It is satisfactory to our national pride, however, to note that the proportion of the whole export which comes to England, shows a slight increase. The trade to the United Kingdom in Tuscan Olive oil is almost wholly in the hands of one huge English firm long estab- July 5, 1890.] THE Qj \I!I> E N E It 8 ' CHIi ONI CL E. 13 lished in Leghorn, and four-fifths of the oil sent to Great Britain is sent direct to London in their own steamers. The best quality of Tuscan Olive oil, known in the trade as " Lucca oil," is shipped in casks, not in flasks, to one or two of the leading Italian warehousemen in London, and it is there bottled, labelled, and distributed through grocers to the public. The deceptiou to which attention has been called of sending empty Florence flasks to England, to be filled here with any adul- terated compound, or with Cotton-seed oil, pure and simple, still continues, but in a diminishing degree, so that it may be concluded that the public is getting alive to this particular imposition. Nursery Notes MESSRS. HOOPER and CO. At the Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, Messrs. Hooper & Co., have a magnificent strain of Gloxinias. The whole collection is of fine quality, and by careful selection of the seedlings the strain is maintained in a good condition. The flowers are very large, chiefly upright, and with broadly-expanded lobes ; the chief sections may be named. The pure whites, or whites with with only a crimson or blue spot at the angle of the lobes ; the wholly crimson, scarlet, blue, or pink; the pure whites with just a band of colour round the mouth of the tube ; the red or blue spotted middles with white lobes ; the pure whites spotted all over with small rose, blue, or crimson Bpots, and the brilliant scarlet with white edge ; and so on, quite a dozen different and distinct classes being made. Mr. Willingham, the manager of the Pine-apple Nursery, is just now potting off the stock for flower next year. Of Caladiums several house- fuls are grown, comprising some fifty or sixty varieties, and together amounting to over 5000 plants. The Gloxinias and Caladiums are found equally as valuable as the Palms (of which there are about 30,000), for use in the decorations for balls, &c, which the firm undertakes. The Vineries, Willingham. This establishment is situated in a small village about a dozen miles from Cambridge town, and on the borders of the fen lands. The ground all around is largely devoted to fruit culture, the staple crop being Gooseberries, of which the varieties White- smith and Crown Bob are most largely grown, and this year's yield is very satisfactory. Green Gages are much grown on the same land, but are an abso- lute failure this season. Mr. J. F. Thoday, who also carries on the business of a maltster and corn-dealer, has a considerable area under the forenamed crops, but has, however, decided to develop a higher culti- vation, and The Vineries is the result. Here are grown, not so many Grapes as the name suggests, but cut-flowers, Tomatos, and Cucumbers for market, supplies being despatched to London, Leeds, Newcastle, and other northern towns, and, of course, to Cambridge during the terms, when large quantities of cut-flowers and pot-plants are disposed of. The Vineries consist of six houses and a pit, placed side by side. They are of the uniform length of 250 feet, but vary in width, the house devoted to Vines being 29 feet t> inches wide. This house is divided into three parts, so that one-half of the whole is given up to Alicante, while Black Ham- burgh and Muscat of Alexandria occupy one-fourth each. One entire house is planted with Tomatos, and a fine lot of plants they are, too. Vick's Cri- terion is most largely grown, on account of its good cropping qualities ; and, indeed, it is a pity that its colour is not so bright as that of some other varieties, as Perfection, for instance, which variety is also grown, with Ham Green Favourite, Abundance, Laxton'a Open Air, and Webb's Sensation, which, however, does not do so well as the others — in all, about 1300 plants. Carnations are a feature, and are decidedly well done, and one house full of these was a sight. Miss Joliffe is naturally extensively grown, with Paul Engleheart, Madame Carle (very fine), Gloire de Nancy, Alegatic re, Mrs. Reynolds Hole, Lucifer, and Huntsmen. It may well be imagined, from the fore- going, that large quantities of bloom are sent off daily ; and, indeed, about 200 dozens is a day's average from this one house, where there are about 3000 plants in flowering pots. Tuberoses are grown in large quantities, and may be seen in all stages. There are about 5U00 plants disposed in various houses, and also in a pit for about 60 or 70 feet run, the rest being devoted to early Strawberries, to be followed in succession by Tomatos and Carnations. Peaches and Nectarines, together, occupy one house, and are doing exceed- ingly well, which is probably due, in part, to the naturally moist soil of the neighbourhood, where water is found at a very short depth— only 2 or 3 feet; but this abundance of water has its influence in making plant-growing under glass possible in so rural a district. A well has been sunk, and water is forced by horse-power into a tank on the top of a fairly high tower, and from there pressure is secured, so as to allow the hose to be used, and every plant in the place is within easy reach of water by this means, and labour is economised ; the base of this tower is used as a packing-room. But to return to the crops. Only one variety of Nectarine is grown, viz., Lord Pia ■' —GARDEN DECORATION AT sik RIi'lIAItn OWEH'S. (SEE P. 8.) Napier; while of Peaches, Noblesse, Barrington, Galand, Dr. Hogg, Goshawk, and Grosse Mignonne, are all represented. For autumn and winter supplies, Chrysanthemums are depended upon ; and on the walks between and around the houses the plants abound, and they are favourites of Mr. A. Grant, the resident manager, who directs the whole of the operations with much skill. The varieties Mdlle. Lacroix, Lady Sel- borne, Peter the Great, Pelican, Astorg, Source d'Or, Ethel, Fair Maid of Guernsey, Elaine, and Thunberg are the principal of those grown, and they number in all about 7000 plants. There is, in addition to the houses already named, a small stove well stocked with foliage plants and Stephanotis, and in various parts of others Ferns find a home. The open land, in addition to the foregoing, amounts to about 22 acres, and is cropped with Gooseberries, Green Gages, Asparagus, Raspberries, Strawberries, Tomatos, and Sweet Peas, for cut flowers, to which attention of passers-by is called as much by the mass of delicate pink and pure white flowers as by the rich scent. In this neighbourhood, allotment gardens abound, every labourer having a plot, and a visit to them gave much pleasure to the writer, who was struck with one point which seemed rather singular— nearly every plot had a space devoted to Asparagus, which is not the most profitable crop to grow on a small piece of land. HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. I'nder the term of Horticultural sundries a great variety of articles are included, but a few moments' reflection on the sources of some of them brings to our mind at once what an important part the vege- table kingdom plays in providing the gardener with the materials wherewith to successfully carry on his occupation in plant culture. A glance at a nursery- man's catalogue shows how the world has been, and is still being ransacked for choice plants or novelties wherewith to gratify the tastes of man, and a glance at the catalogue of a horticultural sundriesman shows how numerous are the wants of the cultivator in bringing those plants to perfection. These thoughts were brought more forcibly to my mind during a recent visit to Messrs. Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co.'s establishment in Finsbury Street, E.C., which I had the good fortune to be shown over by Mr. Corry him- self, to whom I am indebted for much of the informa- tion contained in this paper. One of the most striking of recent introduc- tions and developments is the utilisation of the rough bark of the Cork Oak, generally known under the name of Virgin Cork. It is not so many years ago that this was a waste product in the great cork producing districts of Spain and Portugal, and now it is exported from Lisbon, Algiers, and other ports in the Mediterranean in very large quantities chiefly for horticultural pur- poses, from its rugged, uneven surface, which is fre- quently covered with lichens, together with its lightness and porous nature, which makes it capable of retaining moisture. Virgin cork lends itself to many applications of the gardener's art. At first it was used almost exclusively for window boxes, imi- tation rockwork, &c, but at the present time it is worked into flower stands, ornaments for Fern cases, vases, rustic tables, and a host of other uses. The first crop of bark is usually taken from the Cork-tree when it is about twenty-five to thirty years old. This is the quality used for horticultural purposes, as it is course and unfit for cutting into corks or bottle- stoppers. The second gathering, which is taken in about eight or ten years after the first, is also of an inferior quality. It is the third crop, which is col- lected in about eight years after the 6econd, that furnishes the first crop of marketable cork, or that which is suitable for cutting into bottle- stoppers. When the trees have attained to this age, so that three crops have been taken off, they usually yield a supply of good cork about every seven or eight years. The quality improves, and the quantity increases at each successive gathering. The cork harvest usually takes place in the months of July or August. Next in order amongst raw materials maybe men- tioned Teak-wood, Hazel, Cedar, Pine, Sycamore, Oak ; the first three of these woods are used for Orchid baskets, and the others for making the wooden expanding flower-pot covers now so fre- quently seen in living rooms for covering ordinary flower-pots. Teak is well known for its strength and durability, and is perhaps the most generally used for Orchid baskets, while for pot-covers the more ornamental or lighter woods are most in demand ; another use to which wood is largely put is in making flower sticks or supports for flowers, or slender stemmed plants. The ordinary wooden labels or tallies pointed at one end to stick into the ground, consume a very large quantity of wood, mostly Pine or Deal. The cutting of these sticks and labels would seem to offer a most suitable occupation for women and children in this country, and one would expect that the market would be entirely supplied by home produce. This, however, seems not to be the case, for I was told that there is a very large trade with Germany in this produce, owing, not only to the cheapness of labour, but also to the abundant material furnished by the neighbour- ing forests and their close proximity to the homes of the workers ; while millions of these labels are imported from Germany, it is satisfactory to know for the credit of our own country that the better 14 THE GA FEE X EPS' C IT I? 0 XI CL E. [July 5, 1890. quality and more highly finished wooden labels are a home produce ; the higher price, however, pro- hibits their use to anything like the extent of the German labels. A strong article in the way of square painted stakes made of Pine wood is pro- duced in England for Rose and other plant supports. The introduction of the slender Bamboo canes has to a certain extent supplanted the wooden sticks, as they are strong, rigid, and light, and not liable to warp or break. They are usually known as Tonkin canes, and would appear to be a species ofArundi- naria. They are mostly of the uniform length of 4 feet. Malacca canes, the produce of Calamus sci- pionum, are also much used for garden stakes. They are thicker than the Tonkin and longer, are solid, but not so rigid ; they are, however, very durable. They come from Siak, and are imported into this country in very large quantities, chiefly, however, for making walking-sticks ; the best of which, that is, those consisting of one internode, fetching a very high price. The commoner kinds are used by chimney- sweepers for the handles of their brushes, while for garden purposes they are chiefly used for stakes. Under the head of baskets, we have to consider not only a great variety of forms and designs, but also a great variety of materials used, from the useful and durable garden or truck basket— which is made almost exclusively in Sussex from well-seasoned Willow wood — to the green Rush baskets, now so much used not only for flowers but also by ladies for general purposes. It is curious how the truck basket (a name derived from the Anglo-Saxon trug, which is still used amongst the peasantry), is in general favour. Its shape and strength recommends it for practical use, and under slightly altered shapes and sizes, and with a better finish, namely smoothly- finished wooden plates and silver-headed nails, these baskets are always in demand by ladies for work- baskets. The young shoots of several species of Willow known as Osiers, are of course largely laid under contribution for basket -making, especially for those known as wicker baskets, but they are also used mixed with other materials, as the Green Rush, Cane, &c. Germany seems to be the head-quarters of the manufacture of these fancy baskets, which are very tastefully put together, and are found in endless variety of shapes and sizes. The stronger and most substantial kinds, however, are mostly the produce of our own country. Mats for the protection of plants from frost, are a very important item in the gardener's list of neces- sary articles. They are known as bast mats or Russian matting, and are classified as Archangel, St. Petersburg, and Taganrog. They are made from the inner bark of the common Lime tree (Tilia europea). The trees which furnish bast for the larger kinds of mats are those from eight to ten years old, with a diameter of from G inches to a foot. They are usually cut down in May or June, when they are full of sap. The bark is immediately removed in lengths of from 6 to 8 feet ; it is next steeped in water till the layers separate, and these are selected and hung up to dry in the shade, and during the summer are made into mats, which are exported in enormous quantities, and are not only used for gardening pur- poses, but also by cabinet-makers and uphol- sterers for packing their goods. The Russian pea- santry further utilise the Lime tree bast for making a kind of matted shoes or sandals. Another kind of bast, is that known as Cuba bast, which is the inner bark of the Mahoe tree (Hibiscus elatus), a West Indian malvaceous tree, growing to a height of from 50 to 60 feet. At one time the lace-like inner bark was much used for tying-up the bundles of Havanna cigars, as well as for tying-up plants in gardens. It has, however, now given place to other materials, though it may still be found in citalogues of garden requisites. The principal sub- stitute for Cuba bast at the present time is the material known as Raffia. This is the cuticle of the leaf of Raphia Ruffia, a Madagascar Palm, and, as is well known is very pliable and extremely strong. It is imported in very large quantities solely for hor- ticultural purposes, though from its strength and softness there seems to be no reason why it should not be used for textile purposes, indeed the people in Madagascar apply it to these uses as well as for plaiting into durable and pliable hats, not unlike Panama hats. A similar substance to Raffia is fur- nished by the leaves of the Eta Palm of British Guiana (Mauritia flexuosa). It is known as Tibisiri, and is much used by the natives on account of its great strength, for making their hammocks. This material would make an efficientsubstitute forRaftia were it imported here. It has been well said of the Cocoa-nut that it is the most useful of all Palms, yielding as it does in the tropics such an infinite variety of economic pro- ducts, and even amongst imported Palm products in this country it far outweighs all others. It is true that the Date Palm (Phienix dactylifera) furnishes our tables with the delicious fruits known as dates, and the leaves are used by us for decorative purposes. The African Oil Palm (Elais guineensis) gives us Palm Oil, from which soap and candles are extensively made; but the Cocoa-Nut not only supplies us with the nut itself in the fresli state, now so much used in confectionery and in biscuit-making, but in the dried state it is known as Copra, enormous quantities of which are imported here for the expression of oil used also for soap and candle-making, but the husk or outer covering of the nut is an article of enormous trade and varied uses, for after being split open and the nut itself extracted, the husk is soaked in water to make it more supple, crushed, aud the long fibre combed out for brush making, while the shorter fibre is used for mat-making ; and the refuse left in the separation of the two, forms the Cocoa-nut fibre of the gardener which is now so much used for covering beds of bulbs, giving warmth and imparting a neat appearance. Besides this use, the husk of the Cocoa-nut, cut in half and trimmed into shape, make excellent flower-pot scrubbers. Under the head of Insect Destroyers we find the vegetable kingdom largely laid under contribution. Amongst them being Hellebore powder, Lemou oil, Fir tree oil, Tobacco juice and Tobacco paper, (Quassia chips, &c. A large quantity of the Tobacco juice, used both for horticultural purposes and as a sheep wash, is obtained in the process of preparing the roll tobaccos by submitting the twisted leaf to heavy pressure, the juice being gradually driven out and passing into troughs below. This forms what may be termed a bye product of the Tobacco manufacturer. Quassia chips as now known in commerce are furnished by the wood of Picrana exeelsa, a tree of 50 or 60 feet high, native of Jamaica and other West Indian Islands ; Quassia wood as originally introduced, was supplied by an allied tree — Quassia amara — a native of Surinam. It was upon this tree that the reputa- tion of Quassia as a medicine was established. The tree, however, being of small size, the demand for the wood soon exceeded the supply, and in is now unknown in British commerce, the wood of Picrama exeelsa being substituted for it. It is a curious fact connected with Quassia wood, that while an infusion of the wood forms a wholesome bitter tonic, the same infusion is poisonous to insects, hence its use as an insecticide. Quassia is said to be extensively used by brewers as a substitute for hops. The foregoing are some of the principal vege- table products used by gardeners. They might be added to considerably if we included what may be called "minor products." John Ii. Jackson, Museum, Kew. Trees and Shrubs. SAMBUCUS NIGRA AUREA. This golden Elder makes a fine show in the Shrubbery from now onwards until the autumn. The most effective manner of planting is to put six good- sized bushes in a group together, choosing a sunny spot ; facing the west is perhaps a better aspect than a southern one, as during very bright sun and dry weather the leaves of the plants in the latter aspect become scorched, and their beauty is spoiled till new growth is made. To have a good effect, dark-leaved shrubs should be in their neighbourhood, to serve as foils to the golden hue of the foliage. Our clump is planted behind some purple-leaved Hazels, which are kept dwarf by pinching the points of the young growth in the spring, and pruning the shoots in to one or two eyes during the winter. In this way the Hazel is kept lower than the Elder, which has its shoots cut so that they overtop the Hazel sufficiently to make a bold back-ground of yellow foliage. The yellow in the leaf of the Elder may be deepened by pinching out the points of the young shoots when they have grown as high as required ; in fact, they should be topped a little while before that time, as afterwards they elongate considerably, even with the young points of growth removed. Some of the earliest shoots on our bushes were ready for topping a fortnight ago. I would advise those who have not tried the topping of the shoots of this Elder with the view of improving the colour of the leaves, to do so, and note the effect produced. Oar Elder bushes are aunually pruned to .'! feet from the soil in winter, cutting back the year- old shoots to one or two buds. In other parts of the shrubberies where the Elder is planted towards the front, the shoots are cut off close to the ground. Elders grow luxuriantly in stiff soil, and are easy of propagation from cuttings. Cuttings 1 foot long of the current year's growth should be put in early in November. The cuttings should be cut square just bslow a joint, and inserted firmly in trenches on a north border, like Currant cuttings. Some sand or road grit put at the bottom of the trench will hasten rooting, and by the following October the cuttings, now well-rooted, may be planted. The only point of importance to observe is to keep the cuttings firm at the base. Kerria japonica. This profuse flowering deciduous shrub should b. come a favourite in all gardens where flowering shrubs of spring are valued. In Hampshire, Sussex, and most southern counties, the sunniest part of the cottagers' gardens is often given up to this plant, and the usual place is on a wall, or close to one. In such positions every shoot blooms, the result being a glorious display during the month of April. It is seldom that one sees Kerria growing well in great gardens— perhaps because it is thought to be fit only for cottage gardens. Nothing is easier than to raise a stock of the plant. From a good-sized root numerous suckers push up from the stem, and these, when taken up with as much root as possible, form good-sized plants in one season. Cuttings of the half-ripened shoots inserted in sandy soil in September in a cold frame, and kept close until roots are formed, make nice plants by the following April, and are by that time ready to be planted out. E. M. Plants and Their Culture. Plants for Autumn-flowering. — If the propa- gation of these plants was carried out at the proper time, they will now be ready for shifting into larger pots, and those still in the cutting pots may be shifted into 60's, aud kept growing. Begonias of the tuberous section are useful for blooming in the early autumn, and many of the hybrids are splendid bloomers at that season, and I gave in a previous Calendar a list of the more useful of these. A useful size of pot for these plants is a 32, and into pots of this size they should now be shifted, placing them in a frame, which should be shut up early, and syringed in fine weather. Be- gonias, after the final potting, may be afforded intermediate-house treatment until the plants begin to fill their pots with roots, when cooler quarters will do for them, and the plants when so grown produce larger flowers than those stove grown. Many autumn-blooming plants will now do well in frames, as they do not stand in need of stove treatment for some time yet, and growth is more sturdy in frames. Winter-blooming Pelargoniums which were struck early in the spring will now need to be shifted into 0-inch pots, and 4-inch pots for the weakest of them, the compost being made very firm, and the plants July 5, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 kept close to the glass. The points of the shoots should be pinched out, so as to furnish several leads. The double varieties of Primulas, of which the old double white is the more useful, will be ready to put into their flowering pots — that is, if they have filled the thumbs in which they were struck. A frame facing north is best for them, the plant being placed on a bottom of coal-ashes. Libonias, if small, will need to be shifted, and placed in a close frame for a time. Lasiandra macrantha, another useful subject for the autumn season, if propagated in April, will require a like treatment to the Libonia. Justiciar, which should be well attended to with stimulants and repotting, so as to secure good heads of bloom, do well in a cool frame ; also Poinsettias, if due attention be paid to cutting in the early growth. When placed in a frame, after being in a close house, Poinsettias should be carefully watered and venti- lated for some time, or a check will be given them. The young plants of Euphorbia need to be placed in a warm pit or on a shelf in the stove, shifting them if necessary, and watering them sparingly for a time. Potsful of cuttings struck now, placing three cuttings at the side of a 60-pot, stopping once or twice, make useful decorative plants, and bloom well. The long racemes of bloom of Plumbago rosea are useful for putting into tall vases ; and the plants themselves are highly decorative. They are gross feeders, and should not, therefore, be allowed to get pot- bound. Old plants of Plumbago should get well supplied with manure- water, and young stock should be shifted into 6-inch pots. Salvias will stand in need of their final shift, and should be plunged in coal-ashes in the open air, and well supplied with water, and a damping over- head afforded them in the evening. A few Salvia cuttings rooted at this season are of use for putting into small vases. Carnations for winter bloom may be repotted, and the points of the "grass " kept free of aphis by dipping them occasionally in weak tobacco-water. Eupatoriums for autumn bloom require the same treatment as Salvias. Abutilons, if space can be given to them, give a large quantity of bloom if grown sturdily by placing them in the open air for two months, but affording them the pro- tection of a cold frame until a good growth is made. Boule de Neige is one of the best Abutilons for autumn bloom. Young plants of Bouvardia in pots should be shifted when the pots are full of roots, and kept close for a short time afterwards, watering them carefully. G, Wythei, Syon House, Brentford, W, Fruits Under Glass. The Orchid Houses. Cattleya-house. — Cattleya Sanderiana, C. War- ned, and C. gigas, when they have done flowering, 9hou!d, if requiring it, be repotted, these species mak- ing their roots after the flowering is past. Cattleyas with round and thin pseudobulbs, of which C. bicolor, Loddigesii, and Harrisoni are examples, may now be abundantly supplied with water. These species of Cattleya should not be allowed to become dry at any time, and when they are making their growth, the greatest care should be taken not to check it, as it would be at the expense of the flowers. Ladia purpurata will now have gone out of bloom, and the plants will need rest for the next three months, and may not be disturbed at the root unless in very bad condition, in which event the operation of repotting should be done without delay. The best month for repotting these plants is September. The warmth of the weather has a good influence on the growth of Cattleya Trianas, and its growths are pushing very fast. Some difficulty may be expe- rienced a little later in the season in avoiding a second break from the new pseudobulbs ; but it is very much better to run this risk than to try to check growth at the present season. Cattleya Gaskelliana, now coming into flower, is perhaps one of the most useful Cattleyas we have at this season, and one of the freest to grow. The white varieties of Lrelia anceps give pro- mise of a larger growth than any they have yet made in this country, so that I am in hopes we shall get over the usual complaint so frequently heard that they are shy bloomers. The syringe should be used overhead in this house daily, and if the plants have been treated as advised all will be well. The tem- perate-house should be kept up to 63° as a minimum at night, and air should be afforded the plants early in the day, and after closing also, if the sunheat will maintain the temperature at 95°, 4, G. Cat!, Vark- field Gardens, Worcester, Peachrs and Nectarines. — The borders are apt to get neglected at this season, and it is extremely difficult to properly water borders which have got very dry and are well drained, the water escaping into the drains instead of saturating the soil. The moral is, be ever on the alert to avoid dryness of border at points beneath the surface, and avoid the other extreme of a soddmed border, which is equally objectionable. The shoots should be well thinned out, all laterals that start from the current year's wood stopped at the first leaf, and gross shoots cut out if they may be spared. Give all the air possible to the houses, and preserve all the old foliage on the trees, keeping it free from insects to the finish. Do not hurry the maturing of the buds, or they may become dangerously for- ward, and receive a check before the proper starting time. Should black or other aphis attack the leaves, syringe them with 1 oz. of Calvert's carbolic soft soap, 10 per cent, guaranteed strength, diluted in 1 gallon of soft-water; it is a deterrent also to red-spider. If anv trees have not done well this year, now is a good time to examine the bor- ders, removing the inert soil, saving all the good roots, and replacing them in fresh compost of fibrous loam, old mortar rubble, and crushed bones. If the roots have been much disturbed during the operation, aft'urd the trees some amount of shading during sunny weather, and give the soil a good watering, keeping the house rather close till new roots begin to form. Done thus early, the trees will be in con- dition for early forcing next year, the Peach being most accommodating in this respect ; moreover, it is benefited by an annual part-renewal of the border. Keep successional houses containing ripe fruit as cool as possible, and gather the fruit daily, keeping it on soft wadding in a cool, airy room, till used. In late houses attend to the tying-in of shoots ; clear the fruits of all leaves that hang over them ; bring the apex of the fruit above the trellis ; examine the borders, and give good soakings of liquid manure, varied with a sprinkling over the surface of "Thom- sou " or " Le Fruitier " manures, whilst as the mulch- ings become washed away, add a little fresh thereto. Use the syringe or garden-engine daily before colouring commences. Now is a good time to visit a nursery, and select trees, in readiness for autumn delivery. Where I'eaches can be ripened on outside walls, late Peaches in houses are unnecessary, seeing that the American varieties, introduced by Mr. Rivers, such as Alexander, Waterloo, Amsden June, Hale's Early, &c, have extendjd the outdoor season by at least a month, although possibly there is some- thing more to be desired in respect to flavour, for these varieties cannot compare with Royal George, Bellegarde, Grosse Mignonne, and others of standard excellence. W. Crump, Madretfield Court, Malvern, The Hardy Fruit Garden, Peaches and Nectabines. — When all the Bhoots required for fruiting next year and filling bare spaces have been tied or nailed in, the final thinning of the fruit should be done, as soon as stoning is past. It rarely happens that well-treated trees lose many fruits, but it is best to wait until the stoning stage is reached. In selecting fruits to remain, preference should be given to the finest of those on the upper sides of the shoots, and one Peach left to each square foot of foliage will be found to give a sufficiently heavy crop for ordinary trees. In thinning the shoots, the foreright shoots should be kept pinched in, or leading shoots will be retarded in their growth, and where there is wall-space still to fill, this is always undesirable. Apricot trees which are carrying heavy crops will require a great deal of thinning, or the trees will be much distressed. The surplus fruits when taken off now may be used by the cook. The Moor Park is a variety very apt to lose its branches at stoning time ; but I have found that, if the shoots are allowed to extend themselves as much as possible, stopping the breastwood only, and avoiding over-crowding of the shoots, growths surfer little or nothing from gumming, which is the forerunner of paralysis of the shoots. Cutting out unfruitful branches may be per- formed at this season without danger from gum- ming. Give the tree borders a thorough watering if no heavy rains have fallen ; and if good mulchings have been applied, little more will be needed in ordinary soils till the fruits begin to ripen. The finer varieties of Plums are, we find, much improved by being grown on walls with glass copings. Thefruits should be thinned, and those left on the trees exposed to the sun by removing the f.jliage. If the second growths are starting away freely, as they often do, after the stoning of the fruit is ended, stop these at the third or fourth joint. Look well to the mulching of the Plum border, and add more if it is required. Arfjrd plenty of liquid manure, and syringe the trees with clear soft water until the fruit begins to ripen. Gooseberries on trellises should have all breast- wood cut away, and the leading shoots tied in and regulated. Place Btraw or long litter between all the rows of bushes. Bushes trained on walls should have the fruits thinned, so that they may hang a long time without getting mouldy. The Gooseberry bushes in the quarters should have their shoots thinned, thus giving the fruit a better chance to ripen, and the wood to mature. Nets must be made use of to preserve the fruits from the birds. A.F,vxns, Lythe Hilt. The Kitchen Garden, Hints of Work for the Week. — L°t the soil amongst growing crops be frequently hoed to destroy weeds, and keep the surface loose and crumbly, this being an invaluable aid to growth in plants. Give timely attention to the earthing-up of Peas, Beans, Cabbages, Cauliflowers, &c, and before so doing, if the soil be dry, thoroughly water it on both sides of the rows of plants, and stake those which need support before they become injured by wind. In placing sticks to the tall kinds of Beans and Peas, the tops of the boughs should be kept well apart. The late sowings must be well attended to, and in the absence of heavy rain, the rows of late-sown Peas should be frequently soaked with water to aid germination, or the plants will appear irregularly. Turnips. — In the colder parts of the country, no time should be lost in getting in a large breadth of Turnips, another sowiDg being made about the end of the present month, a sowing which will be pro- ductive of middling-sized solid roots that will keep well during the winter. There are no better varieties of the Turnip for winter use than Round White. Red Globe, and Chirk Castle Black Stone, the latter an exceptionally hardy plant. The ground for this crop, if fairly enriched with manure and moderately firm, will require very little preparation, with the exception of raking it down and drawing the drills for the seed- sowing. Usually, it is the ground which has been cleared of early Potatos that is sown with winter Turnips. If such ground be selected, it should be thoroughly cleared of rubbish before drawing the drills. These may be drawn at 20 inches apart, and watered if the soil be dry before beginning to sow the seed, which should be rolled in a mixture of red-lead after being placed in milk, as a precaution against the ravages of birds. Sometimes it is found of service to cover the seed with finely-sifted burnt earth or garden refuse. If the seed is of good ger- minating power, the plants will soon appear, and to prevent injury by the Turnip-flea or by slugs, fre- quently dust them when damp with roadside dust ; and ply the Dutch hoe constantly between the rows. Thinning the plants should be done at an early date, and on two occasions, the last one leaving the Turnips to stand 9 or more inches apart, according as it is a big or a little top. Vegetable Marrows and Ridge Cucumbers. — These should be making rapid growth, and if crowding of the bine is feared, a slight thinning out should take place, the remaining snoots being trained out, and pegged down. The plants will be all the better if a good mulching of decaying manure be placed over the roots. Afford them abundance of water, and cut the fruits early, or the cropping powers of the plants will be somewhat lessened. H. Markham, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone. Mushrooms Growing in a Dwelling— At a farmhouse in Newchurch-in-Pendle, Mushrooms grow in profusion in the various rooms on the ground floor. A gentleman from Clitheroe visited the place last Sunday, and he found Mushrooms growing out of the chinks of the floor, and also from the walls. He was allowed to take several away, one of which was S inches across. The Vicar of Newchurch often has a dish from the farmhouse, 16 the <:.\ inn-: x /•: // s' chbonicle. July 1800. EDITORIAL NOTICE. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loral events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any mttters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research fur their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries i?i the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. TUESDAY, TUESDAY, MEETING. { Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, July 8- Floral, and Scientific Committee, ( and Lecture ty Mr. H. J. Elses. SHOWS. i Gloucester. .Illy 8-] Ipswich. [ Winchester (two da} si. Brighton (two days). WEDNESDAY, JULY THURSDAY, Ji'LV 10 I Diss. q ) Ealing. ! I Tunbridge We Wimbledon. York Florists'. Birkenhead. Chi s wick. Kenilworth. Worksop. SATURDAY, Jl'LY 12 TUESDAY. THURSDAY, FRIDAY, (Giihshiels. ( New Brighton. SALES. I Second portion of the Studley House July 8-J Collection of Orchids, at Protheroe ( & Morris' Rooms (two days). (Established Orchids, Imporlaticn July 10-? of Angrcecums, &c, at Stevens' ( Rooms. T,ttv n I Established Orchids, at Protheroe JULY ll-j & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 63°.2. "The Vine languisheth,'' has W'~ France!'9 0nly W'thin the la8t three J^VS ceased to be the all-prevailing cry in nearly every quarter of Europe, where the blood of the Grape furnishes the staple drink of the inhabitants, or gladdens the heart of man far from the land of its raising. France has been by far the largest loser by the languishing of this important item of her production, and some of our readers may therefore be interested in reading a short account of the prospects of the wine-gr wers of France, who have of late years suffered enormous losses by the ravages of the Phylloxera, mildew, and other scourges. Enemies of the earth beneath and the air above have, since 1875, robbed the tillers of the fairest lands of France of an amount in money com- puted by competent statisticians at not less than the sum of £400,000,000 sterling. That the nation, besides losing the war indemnity of £200,000,000, and the vast sum represented by the complete destruction, and therefore com- plete re - establishment and strengthening of war material and fortresses, should so well have weathered the further storm of Nature's war against their chief agricultural staple, speaks volumes for the enormous natural wealth and recuperative energy of the French people. Yoking science to their bullock-teams, the French Vine-growers are now, and have been for some years, successfully combating the enemies of the Vine — enemies which may turn out to be friends in disguise, like other evils to which earth and flesh are heirs. From the evidence before us, we feel convinced that, given a few good vintages, we shall find France producing a quantity of wine surpa'sing her production before her vine- yards were desolated by their insect and fungoid foes. Increased production is rapidly lowering prices, especially in the Bordeaux dis- trict, and it can safely be assumed that within a short space of time we shall all be able to buy in this country a sound, mature, red wine from the district best capable of producing it, at 1*. a bottle. It is not too much to say that with the red table-wines produced in the Bordelais no other district of the globe can at present compete. Patriotism may seek and ultimately find in Australia, and our palates in this damp and changeable climate may find in port wine a substi- tute, but now that the vine-pests have been coped with, the proximity of France to our shores, her knowledge of vine culture and manufacture, and her climate so well suited to the production of a cheap sound natural wine must, from the nature of things, enable her to defy serious competition. The Medoc produces the largest number of high-class clarets, and has the highest average of quality of all the districts. It sti etches north-wist from Bordeaux to the sea, containing between 500 and 600 square miles. It is divided into Haut and Bas Medoc, most of the famous growths being situated in the former division. It is creditable to our country that in this district, the home par excel- lence of wine, a firm of Englishmen should have not only established themselves, but taken the lead both in combating the diseases of the Vine, and bringing fresh land under culture. The house of Gilbey, who purchased, some sixteen years ago, the estate of Chateau Loudenne, have seen the Vine culture of the Medoc pass through every vicissitude that can afflict an agricultural industry, and emerge from its sea of troubles with renewed vigour, to again take the lead among the red wines of the world. That lead Bordeaux has never lost, as con- cerning the more expensive wines, but it now enters on a new cycle of usefulness, in pro- viding France with an increasing proportion of the staple beverage of the people. France, consuming 2! hectolitres, equal to about 55 gallons of wine per head of her population of 38,000,000, requires 2,090,000,000 gallons of wine to satisfy her thirst, all, or nearly all, of which used to be produced within her own borders. She has laid every wine-growing country of the world under contribution of late years, but will probably within a few years herself produce all she needs. Her whole export has scarcely ever in any one year exceeded a tenth of her present production, and is therefore a mere drop in the ocean which 2,090,000,000 gallons of wine suggest to the mind. As most of our readers know, the evil effects of the phylloxera has been met, to a great extent, by grafting scions of the best " cepages " of France on to the stocks of various American species, the roots of which, even when attacked by the insect, do not suffer to anything like the same extent as those of the European Vines. Bisulphide of carbon has also been very largely employed to destroy the phylloxera, so that Vines on their own roots have been replanted on a large scale, and old stocks defended against attacks of the insect. The mildew (Peronospora viticola), which attacks the foliage of the Vine, has been an enemy only second in its ravages to the phylloxera. The affected leaves shrivel and fall off, leaving the Grapes exposed, with the probability of total loss, or the certainty of great deterioration in quality and quantity of the wine crop. This fungus has been coped with by the application of sulphate of copper, either in a liquid form or in powder, over the foliage of the Vines, and may now be said no longer to constitute a danger to those who choose to prevent its spread in their vineyards. It may also be used with great success in diminishing the ill effects of the Potato fungus. There are many who say that the wide-spreading of the various plagues has been a consequence of the effete condition of the Vines themselves and of the exhaustion of the soil, but these are statements that will not commend themselves to the physiologist and cultivator, who realise what care and good cultivation can do to maintain the health and vigour of plants. What money, intelligence, and enterprise pro- perly applied will do cannot be better exem- plified than by instancing the progress in pro- duction of the vineyards of Messrs. Gilbky's Chateau Loudenne. In the first year of their occupancy the make was 170 hogsheads: in 1889 it was 1180, and if the vintage of 1890 fulfils its present promise, the yield will not fall far short of 1500 hogsheads. The chief "cepages'' used in the Bordeaux district for the red wines are Cabernet-Sau- vignon, Cabernet -blanc ("blanc,"' from the whiteness of the young shoots), Merlot, Malbec, and Verdot, this last being almost exclusively used in the Palus, or low marsh lands. Of these varieties, the Cabernet-Sauvignon stands first, no authority permitting its omission, though its proportion to other growths in the crus may differ according to the wish or circumstances of the proprietor. One grower in the Entre-deux-mers district told us recently that the best proportion for good wine was one-third Cabernet-Sauvignon to two-thirds of Merlot. Others in the Medoc expressed their preference for different proportions of all five. Every agriculturist, however, will allow, that all might differ, and yet all be right, for every pro- perty differs in the aspect, the state, and the composition of the soil. A drive through the Graves district, above Bordeaux, on the left bank of the Gironde, in which Hautbrion is the most famed growth, and through the district on the right bank opposite the Medoc, reveals the same tale of careful and patient cultivation and increased production. Turning now to other districts of France, we find the same rapid progression towards a com- plete recovery. With the exception of the Charente district, all are rapidly regaining their former level of production ; even the Charente, which used to produce the finest brandy, to the distilling of which the major part of its wines were devoted, has begun to replant vineyards, on lands which for some years have been grow- ing cereals and other crops ; but so great was the devastation caused by the phylloxera, that it will be years before the Cognac district resumes its former aspect. In the Armagnac district, which we also visited, a stretch of country lying within the departments of the Gers and Landes, the mildew was the plague which for some years reduced the wine crop materially. The phylloxera seems hardly to have touched that district, the soil being light and sandy, and apparently unsuitable [The GarilciwM' Chronicle, July .'., isso. « y^il ~- FlO. 3.— IRIS GA1ESII: FALLS CREAM-COLOURED, WITH PDEPLISH DOTS: STANDARDS PALE YELLOW,. OR IV SOME CASES PALE PURPLE: A HARDY PERENNIAL, (SEE P. 6.) li THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 5, 1890. to the insect. The production of wine in the Armagnac has now almost reached the average production of the years before the varied epi- demics, so fatal to the wine crops of France, and the brandies there produced are fetching high prices, owing to the scarcity and consequent dearness of the Cognac spirit. In a subsequent issue we shall also allude to the prospects of the vintage on the Douro, as seen on a recent visit. Iris Gatesii.— Our figure of this magnificent Iris (fig. 3, p. 17), was engraved after a drawing kindly sent to us by Mr. Max Leichtlin. It is alluded to in Mr. Ewbank's article at p. 0. Mr. Leichtlin tells us the drawing was made from the living plant, but that usually the flowers are slightly smaller. The colour is creamy yellow flushed with green, with a dash of silvery grey. The petals or standards are in the smaller form?, pale purple, but in the larger forrri3 of a uniform yellow. The plant is a native of Armenia, but is quite hardy here, and requires the same treatment as Iris Susiana. It was named by Prof. Foster in honour of the Rev. T. F. Gates of the American Mission at Mardin. 1'rof. Foster iu speaking of it in his lecture upon Irises at the Royal Horticultural Society on May 14, 1889, said. " . . . . imagine a flower often very much larger than that even of Iris Susiana, of a delicate light grey hue, resulting from minute dots and delicate veins of rich purple on a creamy white ground, or at times of a pure light sky blue marked with deeper [coloured] veins, and at the same time of peculiar grace in form." The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual monthly meeting of the committee was held at the Caledonian Hotel, on the 27th ult., Mr. John* Laing presiding. The election and third annual general meeting of subscribers will take place at the Cannon Street Hotel, E.C., on the 18th inst., at 2 p.m., and will be followed by the annual dinner at 5 o'clock, when Mr. Shielet Hibberd will pr The Duke of Connaughts Plants— His R )yal Highness the Duke of Connauoht, who has just returned to this country from a prolonged resi- dence and tour in the east, has brought home with him a most interesting collection of rare plants, shrubs, &c. In a letter written under date, Windsor Castle, June 24, His Royal Highness informs Messrs. Bickersvait, Ely & Co., of Hickmondyas Nurseries, Knockholt, Kent, that his collection includes two or three specimens of Japanese variegated Maples — a beautiful tree which is rapidly becoming a great favourite in this country. BURNLEY PARK.— Amongst those invited to send in designs for laying out the Park at Burnley was Mr. John Shaw, landscape gardener, The Downs, Bowdon. There were originally twelve sets of plans, but these were reduced to three. Two of these were considered of equal merit, and it was decided to divide the two prizes amongst them, giving eachman£12 10s. They bore the mottos of' Health " and " Sylvander," which were ascertained to have been sent in by Mr. Robert Mdiibay, of Offer- ton, Stockport; and Mr. John Shaw, of Bowdon Cheshire, respectively. Both were beautiful speci- mens of workmanship, and either would make both a picturesque and well-adapted park from a recreative point of view. Each has its special features of excellence, and it is not known 3'et what the Cor- poration will ultimately do. Probably a working plan will be made embodying the best features of each. The ground is a triangular plot, 28 acres in extent. The competitors were limited to an estimated expenditure of £12,000. Mr. Shaw ("Sylvander") considers the site of the proposed park to be pleasantly situated and suffi- ciently elevated to command extensive views over a rather interesting country of hill and dale, which, on the whole, is fairly wooded. The surface of the intended park is nicely varied, and in every way well adapted to the pur- poses of a public park and recreation ground. There are six lawn tennis courts, a pavilion on an elevated site, a girl's playground, 60 yards by 43 yards; and a bowling green 67 yards by 33 yards. The central lawn is laid out in circular shape, taking up about 8 acres. This Mr. Shaw would ornament with clumps of trees and single trees in every variety suitable to the situation, also with beds of Rhododendrons and other evergreens and shrubs. The tramway which runs almost through the centre of this area is shown to be pretty well covered at the boundaries, with bridges at the crossings five in number. The plan also comprises site for gardeners' lodge, hothouses, potting-sheds, compost grounds, &c. The walks are 2 miles 76 yards iu extent, occupying 2J acre?. The area of the lawn tennis courts is 4000 jards, boys' playground 170O yards, girls' playground 2000 yards, and the bowling green 2500 yards. Two fountains, which are picturesquely placed at the two lower angles of the central area, are of fine proportions ; the basin being 60 feet in diameter in each case. Two terraces surround them, divided by a flower bed. These are approached by three flights of steps. Altogether the plan is commendable for its graceful treatment of the ground, and the excellent provision which it makes for recreation. C.ATTLEYA MENDELII. — We have received from R B. White, Esq., of Arddarroch, Dumbartonshire, say Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, flowers of one of the most distinct and charming varieties of (his grand Orchid yet se?n. Its most distinctive feature is the labellrun, usually Cattleya Mendelii has a more or less yellow throat, but in this variety there are two blotches of yellow, as in Cattleya gigas, the lovely lake-crimson colouring extend- ing far away into the interior of the tube, and also on the outer margin of the labellum ; this colour extends even as Jar as the folded ridge over the c dumn, Nelson Flower Show.— The twenty-eighth annual exhibition, in connection with the Great and Little Marsden Floral and Horticultural Society, was held on the Recreation Ground, Nelson, on Satur- day. There was a fairly good show, the principal winners being Messrs. Jno. Birch, J. HlQSOK, J. T. HuiiiitEAVEs, W. Stroehan, and O. Wilson. The show was well attended. The balance-sheet issued showed a balance in hand of £07 16s. lid., and the income daring the year was £293 L\ 8./. Mr. CHARLES GibB.— The Canadian Horticul- turist for June contains a portrait and biographical notice of this gentleman, who died of influenza at Cairo on March 10. Mr. Gibb was a very ardent pomologist, who travelled in Russia and Scandinavia for the purpose of acquiring information which would be of value to his fellow countrymen. He was the means of procuring for Canada numerous Russian varieties suitable for the Canadian climate, and was so earnest and persevering in his work that his loss will be felt severely by horticulturists in the Dominion. MALPIGHIA IL1CIFOLIA.— A dwarf shrub, an example of which was found by M. Linden in the island of Cuba in 1838, and brought by him to Belgium in 1811. It has been cultivated from that time to the present, but is not much larger now than it was then (about 1 foot), but it is well clothed with Holly-like leaves, and every year produces a pro- fusion of small pink flowers. It is an interesting survival of M. Linden's earliest explorations. Illustration Horticoh, t. 103. New Recreation Ground for Bedford — At the request of the Bedford Corporation, plans have been prepared by Messrs. W. Barron & Son, land- scape gardeners, of Borrowash, Derby, for laying out their Mill Meadows Estate as a public recreation ground. The estate consists of a long and rather narrow strip of land between the upper and lower streams of the River Ouse, about 35 acres in extent, the whole of which is now subject to floods, with the exception of a few acres at the upper end, which have been raised. The scheme which has now been submitted will obviate these floods for the future. Both the upper and lower stream will be widened, and a weir constructed 100 feet wide, spanned by a rustic bridge. The plans also provide for an orna- mental lake, about 05- acres in extent, connected with the upper stream. There is already a public park in Bedford, nearly 70 acres in extent, which was laid out and planted by Messrs. Bat.ron in 1881. New Strawberry.— We have received from Mr. Gilbert a box of a new seedling Strawberry which he proposes to call the Chief Secretary. The first thing we note about it is that it is a good traveller. In spite of remaining in the post-office all Sunday, the fruit, when unpacked on the Monday, was in excellent condition — needless to say it had been well packe,'. It is a mid-season variety, with large, handsome, oblong, flattened, or ccckcomb- shaped fruit, juicy, and with a fresh pleasantly acid, yet sugary flavour. What the foliage may be, and what the qualities of the plant as a cropper, we do not know ; but we are inclined to think highly of the fruit as submitted to us. Red Turf. — M. Chard cerand, in a recent number of the Rente Horticole, describes a method of making a lawn red. For a fortnight the grass is kept shaded from the light and then suddenly exposed to the sun, and to the frost if possible, or noctural radiation. As a physiological experiment this is curious ; but we should prefer M. Charguerand to confine his experiments to his own lawn. The National Pink Society.— The next exhibition of the above Society will be held in the Royal Botanical Gardens, Manchester, on Saturday, July lit ; and, in view of the laudable efforts now being put forth to bring the Florists' Pink into general cultivation, it is to be hoped that cultivators of the flower will exhibit largely. The Royal Botanic Society has been m Jite of late ; on Thursday, June 26. there was the Floral Parade and Feast of Flowers, when it was thought artistic and botanical to cover the wheels of carriages and bicycles, Sea., with Roses and other flowers. The annual Evening Fete was held on Wednesday evening last, when the grounds were de- corated as prettily as usual ; there was a good attend- ance, as the weather had been fine during the day, but towards the end of the evening there came a terrific shower of rain, extinguishing the oil and gas lamps, and driving the visitors home. ASHBY FOLVILLE.— This estate in Leicester- shire, the ancient seat of the Lords Carington, has been purchased by Mr. Richard Smit.'i-Carinq- ton, of the well-known firm of Messrs. R. Smith & Co., Worcester. Raid on Kent Strawberry Grounds.— A large number of excursionists from London journeyed on Sunday last to the fruit district near Knockholt, Kent, and in the evening several serious disturbances occurred. Strawberry grounds were pillaged, and the men in charge of them seriously assaulted. One farmer named Woodhams, of Dunton Green, after an encounter with fifteen young costermongers, died of excitement.1 A mounted patrol pursued the party, but they got clear away. Yesterday morning at Bromley Police Court, William Ledger, of White- chapel, and John Franks, of Lambeth Walk, who had stolen Strawberries and assaulted the man in charge of the field, were sentenced to fourteen days' hard labour withou' the option of a fine, July 5, 1890.] THE &A 11 DENER S' QHRONICL E. 19 Colonial Notes. AUSTRALIAN BAMBOOS. About forty years ago it was made known through Carron's narrative of Kennedy's sad Expedition, that, at all events, one Bamboo occurred in the jungles of some places between Rockingham Bay and Cape York. That tall and ornamental climbing species has been observed repeatedly since, but flowers have never yet been obtainable, so that the generic posi- tion cannot as yet be fixed. Moreover, it seems that in the littoral mountains of North-East Australia at least one more Bamboo had been noticed. From North-Western Australia, Bambusa Arnhemita is described from flowering specimens collected on the Daly River by Mr. M. Haltze, the Director of the Botanic Garden of Port Darwin. Many years ago Mr. Burkitt mentioned a second Bamboo as occurring on the Mary and the Mackinlay Rivers, but its flowers are as yet unknown. Recently, a third Bamboo from Arnhem's Land wa3 discovered by Mr. Haltze, who observed that it resembles B. vulgaris ; it has yel- lowish stems, with green stripes. Of this also no flowers hare as yet been observed, but doubtless these plants could be forced into flowering by culti- vators with rich manuring, in the same way as other plants. Thus, on the south coast of Australia, Arundo Donax hardly ever produces flowers, though it grows vigorously, but on the liberal application of strong manure, the inflorescence has been forced into development. F. ton Mueller, Melbourne. THE LATE B. S. WILLIAMS. We are enabled to give this week a characteristic portrait of this distinguished horticulturist, whose life- work we alluded to in our last issue. The funeral took place on Monday last at Highgate, when, in spite of the weather, a very large number of friends and acquaintances assembled to pay their last tribute of respect. It is a noteworthy fact that Mr. Williams' father, who has reached the patriarchal age of ninety- four, is not only still alive, but in the service of Mr. Warner, at Iloddesdon. Fruit Register. SOME VARIETIES OF PEACHES. Fnoai the frequent mention of it in your columns, Hale's Early seems to have established the position for itself of the best early Peach. It has always been a wonder to me why Desse tardive has not the same position among the late varieties. Many good gardeners have never heard of it, nor is it included in the lists of some of the leading nurserymen ; yet, for colour, flavour, size, and free-setting qualities, it is superior to both The Late and Walburton Admir- able. A Peach that ought to be grown for its luscious, piquant flavour, is Goshawk. Four good outdoor varieties are Stirling Castle, Dymond, Teton de Venus, and Sea Eagle. Those who have seen Mr. Coleman's A'becs will also grow this variety, although it seems impossible for anyone else to grow it as he does. For a first early, Waterloo will pro- bably be found the best. C. A. M. C. Home Correspondence. HOME-GROWN BULBS. — About six years ago, T. A. Dorrien Smith, Esq , offered a prize of £25 for the best collection of bulbs, to consist of not less than twelve varieties, one dozen bulbs in each variety, and to include Trumpet, Incomparabilis, Polyanthus, and Poeticus sections. The bulb and flower associations also offered smaller prizes for classes ; the exhibits were not numerous, but the quality, especially in the Polyanthus section, could not be excelled, The bulbs were pli ynp, sound, and perfect in shape, and since then more attention has been paid to the culture of bulbs for export, and now hundreds of thousands are annually sent off to all parts of the United Kingdom, South America, and even to New Zealand, from this island. I sent a parcel to Napier last year, and I have been told that they are doing well in their new home. The climate and soil of the islands are well adapted to the ripening of bulbs. Bulbs grown on the islands for two or three years flower earlier than those imported from Holland. The old favourite, Soleil d'Or, as was originally found growing wild on the islands, is not to be equalled in Holland, or any other country, for colour of perianth and cup. It comes into bloom the first week in January. J. C. Tonkin, Isles of Stilly. JUSTICE v. INJUSTICE- Referring to the para- graph in your last issue, under this heading, we have no hesitation in characterising the decision as a piece of the grossest injustice. The custom through the whole of the nursery trade is to give aud take a week's notice, except in the case of foremen, who are generally engaged with the understanding that a month's notice should be given on either side ; we feel so strongly on this matter, that if any of your readers will get up a subscription to help the defendant to get his judgment reversed, we shall be very pleased to help. J. /?. Pearson .(• Sons, Tnr. LiTE BENJAMIN' a. WILLIAMS. LESCHENAULTIAS — With reference to the article on Leschenaultias contained in your recent issue, allow me to thank you very much for it. I visited Messrs. Balchin's Nurseries at Hassocks lately, on purpose to inspect the Leschenaultias, for a friend who was at the great flower show of the Royal Hor- ticultural Society, held in the Temple Gardens, had previously informed me of the extreme floral beauty of a Leschenaultia exhibited by Messrs. Balchin at that show. I was delighted with the loveliness of the plants shown at Hassocks. Mr. Richardson kindly conducted my friend and me over those splendid nur- sery grounds, and gave us much useful information, especially regarding the culture of Leschenaultias, but being now far advanced in the sere leaf, I am liableto forget verbal statements, so the remarks in the Gardeners' Chronicle are all the more valuable, for I have ordered several plants to be sent to friends. ./. Colebrook. CREOSOTED TIMBER. — In answer to your enquiry respecting creosoted timber for houses, my opinion is that it depends greatly upon the amount of creosote used. The late Dr. Newington, of Ticehurst, used to construct his houses with timber treated with creosote. His plan was to have a trough made the length required, in which he would lay his rafters, &c, and then pouring the creosote over, allow them to soak for a short time — when the creosote was drawn off. This answered the purpose very well, and no ill results were seen. Some fourteen or fifteen years ago my late father thought he would improve upon that plan, so he had the whole of the woodwork for one house and two pits put into a creosoting tank, as used for treating Hop-poles. The wood was boiled in the creosote, which completely saturated the 4.} inches thick planks. The effect on all kinds of plants was very bad — nothing did well in the house ; all the colour was taken out of the flowers, or they were damaged to such an extent as to render them useless; in many instances the buds were spoilt before opening. In order to remedy this we tried several things, varnish, gold size, &c, but nothing would stop the creosote from oozing out. This state of affairs lasted for about two years, after which an improvement set in, and for some years past the plants have not suffered, although some of the planks, exposed to full sun, continue to sweat a little in places. I should advise that a house con- structed of creosoted wood should stand empty for a month or two. I now always dress new wood with paraffin, a piece of sappy blue wood being rendered quite hard by having a good application. Labels for outdoor use last twice the time if the ends are stood in paraffin for twenty-four hours. Ernest Charlton, ."7. Pantiles. Tanbri&ge Wells, ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA FRUITING IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. — Referring to your Bradford correspondent's article in the Gardeners' Chronicle of June 21, under the above heading, I would say that, having recently had occasion to visit in the neigh- bourhood of Milnthorpe, Westmoreland, I was curious enough to see the Araucaria with its so- called " eight cones." My impression is. that they are not cones at all, but simply the male catkins, which will soon fall to the ground. In the grounds of Underley Hall Park, Kirkby Lonsdale, there is a similar tree, that has at the present moment nearly a hundred of these male catkins hanging in twos, threes, and fours, from the end of the branches. The fertile cones are solitary and erect, and are seldom produced in Britain. E. W. Gere, Leamington. [In the south, fertile seeds are frequently obtained. Ed.] In your issue of June 21, reference is made to the fruiting of this species of Conifer in the neigh- bourhood of Milnthorpe, Westmoreland. I may say a mine captain, who lives about a mile from here, brought to me a few days since a cone of this beau- t.iful tree, which I had not previously heard of fruiting in this neighbourhood. The tree, he told in?, is about 20 feet high, and has borne cuiies for the past three years consecutively. A. King, Trevarno Gardens, Cornwall. THE EARLIEST STRAWBERRY.— I notice several of your correspondents have been giving the name of the Strawberry which ripens the earliest in their respective neighbourhoods. I grow rather a large collection of Strawberries. My soil is very cold, resting on brick-earth, and the position exposed. Both last year and also the present, Laxton's Noble has beaten all others ; my first fruit turned colour on June 1, while as a cropper I have not a variety that approaches it. In flavour it is not up to some of the later sorts, but I do not consider this point condemns it, as I notice some do; if so, why not condemn early Peas because they are not so good in flavour as same of the best Marrows ? I for my part consider Laxton's Noble the very best early Strawberry ever introduced, for before we had this, it was a very rare occurrence indeed to make 2s. and 3s. per lb. of fruit grown in the open border, and that without any protection whatever ; several this season, when they saw the very fine fruit in my shop window (sixteen to the lb.) would not believe they were grown in the open so early, till they were treated to a view of them growing, and then all with one consent says, " We must have this.'' John Green, Dereham, Norfolk. SHOW PELARGONIUMS. — To grow specimen Pelargoniums for autumn display, cuttings should have been put in at the latter end of May. These may be potted on as the roots fill the pots, the shoots being stopped a few days after each potting, and put into a cold frame, where they may remain until the autumn, when they will have grown to a useful size in 48- pots. A light airy greenhouse, with suf- ficient means of heating to exclude frost and damp, will suit them in the winter. Early in March, shift them into 16's, stopping and training the shoots, and 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 5. 1890. in the early part of May shift them into 4's, and hardening them off gradually towards the end of that month, pinching off all bloom-buds as fa9t as they appear, and fumigate the house occasionally, to kill greenfly. The Pelagoniums will bear full exposure to the sun by the commencement of June, and should be placed on a bed of coal-ashes in the framing ground. When the pots are well filled with roots, regularly water the plants with weak manure-water, turn the plants round occasionally, so as to get uniformity of growth, and for direct sunlight to reach the wood and ripen it. During warm dry weather it will be of benefit to moisten the coal- ashes round the plants. Encourage the flower-buds to form during August, and discontinue the stopping of the shoots by the end of that month, when, if the plants have been properly managed, they will be fit for the conservatory or exhibition table. A slight amount of shade from bright sunshine will be beneficial as the flowers develop, and allow plenty of air to circulate around them. Free-flowering varieties will be best to choose. E. Cording, Effra Nursery, West Norwood. FLAKING IN FLOWERS.— The Rev. Mr. Wilks, in his beautiful Shirley Poppies, has given to us some singularly lovely hues, but so far no flowers that I have previously seen have broken into a striped or flaked form. I have one plant producing rosy-pink blooms which shows such unmistakeable evidence of flaking, that I cannot doubt but that, in a couple of generations, that form will be presented in the com- plete way we see it in Carnations, Balsams, Primulas. &c. Flaking is not such a very common feature in flowers, afterall, many firmly refusing to break. Pro- bably it is seen in the most perfect form in flaked Tulip?, and some of the Balsams are very pretty. Some florists will, perhaps, hold, that it is in the Carnation we must look for the best development of this freak in flower colouring. Striped Pansies are not suc- cesses, but are becoming common in the German and Belgian strains. In the Chinese Primrose may be found some pretty but far from effective forms, and we know that flaking in both the Hose and the Chrysanthemum has been a comparative failure, and perhaps happily so. It is odd. that whilst in certain flowers long broken into flaked form we like the bizarre colouring very well, yet with other flowers, long accustomed to find as selfs, we receive flakes and stripes with considerable impatience. A recently introduced novelty wasa flaked Columbine— certainly a worthless thing ; but a striped Snapdragon is esteemed as very showy and handsome. Eccentric markings are getting bold in the Sweet William, and seem to be very welcome ; but we abominate flakes in Stocks and Wallflowers. We have, too, some exceedingly pretty striped Asters, and it will be long ere anyone will produce a Chrysanthemum which equals in correctness of markings the best striped Victorias. There is no reason to doubt that a race of striped or flaked Poppies may not make a pleasing addition to our garden varieties. A. D. THE STRAWSONIZER.— Some interesting experi- ments were tried, Friday, June 20, with this remark- able machine, on one of Earl Beauchamp's farms near Malvern, before a numerous company of farmers, Hop- growers, fruit-growers, and gardeners. Mr. Strawson, the patentee, who was present, and personally con- ducted the experiments, addressed the company, and explained the mechanism of the machine, how to obtain the best results claimed for the machine, and which he at once proceeded to demonstrate. He also showed how the machine could be regulated with the greatest nicety and ease, and worked with the minimum of labour. Its original purpose was that of an insecticide distributor, but in addition to its being nearly perfect in that way, it was found to be applicable for the distribution of all kinds of grain, lime, salt, nitrates, bones, and artificial manures generally, each of which was satisfactorily demonstrated before then, scattering some of the substances evenly in broadcast fashion on the ground, and forcing others up in the form of dust or spray on the Hop plants and fruit trees. After demon- strating the usefulness of the machine for dry sub- stances, the hopper was changed for one used with liquids ; it was charged with insecticide, which the machine scattered over the land in a nearly invi- sible spray at first, and afterwards in a denser shower, according to the readjustment. It was next tried on tall Hops, and the upper branches of fruit trees, but this proved to be the least satisfactory, and Mr. Strawson acknowledged that greater power was required than the machine possessed to reach the greater heights. He frankly accepted the various hints and practical suggestions thrown out by those present, which he was sanguine in be- lieving would overcome the partial ineffective- ness of the machine on tall subjects. The driving power is furnished by a fan, and conveyed by means of pipes into contact with the ingredients as they escape from the machine. The fan and all other working parts are set in motion by the horse in hauling the machine. W. Crump, Madresjidd Court, STRAWBERRIES OR STRAYBERRIES. — Mr. Shirley Hibberd, in the interesting lecture read by him before the British Fruit Growers' Association on the 27th, on the history of the Strawberry, asserts that the name Strawberry was originally Strayberry, a title derived from the wandering habits of the runners. Is this correct? " Strawberry " may possibly come from the obsolete word to straw, now surviving in the word to strew — " Strew ! then, oh, strew my bed with rushes." Moore. " Strew Roses in her path." The English name possibly originated from the wood Strawberry, and it is well applied, for the sequestered banks on which it delights to grow are really " strawed," "strowed,"or "strewed "with the bright and lively flecks of crimson fruit of this wood- loving plant. T. F. B. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. Present: Dr. Masters in the chair; Mr. Wilson, Rev. C. W. Dod. Mr. McLachlan, Professor Church, Dr. Oliver, Mr. Michael, Mr. Pascoe, Dr. Miiller, and Rev. G. Henslow, Hon. Secretary. Iris reticulata, protection against fungus upon. — Rev. C. W. Dod described his experiments of dusting the bulbs of this Iris with flowers-of-sulphur before planting them, as well as the ground where they were placed in August, 1SS9. The remarkable effect was to arrest all attempts at growth, the bulbs being this year exactly in the same state as when planted. Professor Church suggested that the cause of the arrest might be due to a slow oxidation of the sulphur, producing sulphurous acid, which could be absorbed by the tissues, coupled with a consequent deprivation of oxygen necessary for the development of roots. Blight. — Mr. Wilson remarked on the excessive prevalence of blight this year, Iris Konipferi being for the first time attacked by thrips. Datura Leaves, diseased. — Dr. Masters exhibited some leaves with small spongy-like processes by the ribs, &c. They were referred to Dr. Oliver for examination and report. Spanish Iris with Supernumerary Parts. — Dr. Masters exhibited some flowers from M. de B. Craw- shay with four petals instead of three, and one with a four-celled ovary. The multiplication of parts was connected with the chorisis or bifurcation of the fibrovascular cords supplying the petal and carpel of the organs in question. Bigencr between Baspberry and Strawberry? — Dr. Masters exhibited drawings and specimens of the flower of this remarkable plant, which Mr. Culver- well believes he has raised between the two plants named. It is generally considered to be Rubus Leesii, Bab. The pedicel and sepals are finely setose, but it wants the epicalyx of the Strawberry. Moreover, the carpels of the hybrid are setose and not glabrous. They appear to be abortive. Pro- fessor Babington in his Manual of British Botany records it as being found at Ilford Bridges, Devon, and Dunster, Som., with a reference to "A. N. H., ser. 2, ix , 124." Hybrid between the Black Currant and Gooseberry. — He also showed drawings of various organs of this hybrid, also received from Mr. Culverwell. The foliage more nearly resembles that of the Goose- berry, being glabrous except along the nerves of the under surface. The petiole, however, is glabrous, and not hairy, as in the Goose- berry. It has no glands, as the black Currant. The inflorescence is a many-flowered raceme, intermediate in length between the many-flowered Currant and the few-flowered Gooseberry. The flowers are larger than those of either parent, with the sepal lobes erect and not reflexed, as in them. The stamens are contabescent, and the style is villous in the middle, whereas those of the parents are glabrous. The stigma or apex of the style is deeply cleft, those of the parents being sub-capitate and obscurely two- lobed. Leelia, two-lipped. — Dr. Masters also showed the not uncommon production of two labella in this Orchid. Antirrhinum with Vircscent Corolla. — He exhibited a specimen with the coralla in the form of a calyx, but undertook to examine it further and report upon it. Bigencr Orchid. — Mr. Veitch exhibited an interest- ing plant called XEpiphronitis Veitchi.beingabigener between Epidendrum radicans, the male parent, and Sophronitis grandiflora, the female. It received a First-class Certificate, and was unanimously awarded a Botanical Certificate by the Scientific Committee. Calceolarias Dying off. — Mr. Henslow showed plants which had suddenly died in his garden. They had decayed in the lower part of the stem, having the cortex split for a length of about an inch. Mr. Wilks said he was familiar with the fact, and attri- buted it to the plants having first suffered from drought, and then being overwatered, the sap was thus unable to rise and burst the tissues. Mr. Hens- low observed that this interpretation corresponded with the conditions of the case in question. It was a small crimson-flowered variety with hairy foliage. The common yellow coloured species showed no signs of injury whatever. Fistacia. Lentiscus, Gulls on. — Mr. Henslow exhi- bited branches of this plant from Malta, covered with flat galls formed from the metamorphoses of the leaflets, which had assumed a " leguminous " shape. It is not uncommon in the Mediterranean regions. Mr. McLachlan observed that at least four species of aphides make galls on the Pistachia. Mr. Dod observed that Cicero speaks of the Lentiscus bearing fruit thrice a year, but that this was probably to be explained by the gum being collected three times annually. Orange, Pistilody of Stamens in. — Mr. Henslow showed specimens of this malformation. It was well known before ; but, as Dr. Oliver observed, it appears to be rather more common than usual during the present season. ( 'ajirijiciis, or Wild Fig. — Mr. Henslow showed fruits of the Wild Fig from Malta, used by the peasants for " caprification " or fertilisation of the autumn varieties of cultivated Figs. Unlike the latter, the Wild Fig, called Duccar, invariably grows iu walls or crevices of the rocks. It produces three crops per annum, each supplying a brood of theBlas- tophaga. The Fig is not required for the summer, for " St. John's " Fig, which ripens about the end of June, the 24th being St. John the Baptist's Day, contains both male and female blossoms. Mr. Henslow could find no male blossoms at all in the first or winter crop of the Duccar. It is not known whether the autumn Figs are entirely female or not; but a Maltese botanist, Signor Gatto, has undertaken to make a thorough investigation upon this and other as yet obscure points involved iu the caprification in Malta, as it appears to differ in some respects in other countries. THE BRITISH FRUIT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. June 27. — It having been decided to hold a Con- ference upon Strawberries in connection with the Royal Aquarium show, members were invited to exhibit as many varieties as possible. The invita- tion was responded to freely, and though no prizes were offered, 100 dishes of Strawberries were staged by nineteen exhibitors, representing nine counties — namely, Kent, Surrey, Bedford, Cambridge, Hert- fordshire, Hampshire, Sussex, Middlesex, and Here- fordshire. Great difference was noticeable in the size and quality of the fruit, but some extremely fine specimens were included. Mr. T. Sharpe, The Royal Strawberry Gardens, Knowle Hill, Virginia Water, had an important and most instructive collection, comprising fifty punnets of exceedingly fine fruits of British Queen, Empress Eugenie, Marguerite, and Sir Joseph Paxton. In size and colour these were unequalled. Three plants of Marguerite loaded with fruits as taken from the ground were shown to indicate their great prolificness at Knowle ; one of the boxes constructed to hold four dozen punnets ; the baskets employed for gathering from the beds ; and a sample of the peculiar soil were also shown by Mr. Sharpe. Fruit and plants were exhibited of a seedling raised from Princess Alice Maud at Knowle, and which is distinguished by a remarkably prolific character; the fruits small, but even and bright in colour, It has been found July 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 21 useful as an early Strawberry, possessing a rather brisker flavour than the parent variety. A medal was awarded to Mr. Sharpe for his interesting exhibit. Cultural Commendations were accorded to the following exhibitors: — Mr. C. Goldsmith, gardener to W. B. Waterlow, Esq., High Trees, lied Hill, had a box of sixty grand fmits of Sir Joseph Paxton, and one of Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, both handsome examples. Mr. Kidgewell, Histon Road, near Cambridge, showed a collection comprisinggood fruits of the following, with the dates of ripening attached: — Auguste Nicaise, June 11; Unser Fritz, June 12; Eleanor, Captain, June 20; Sir J. Paxton, June 16; President, June 18; Noble, June 7; Countess, June 20 ; British Queen, June 23 ; James Veitch, June 15; King of the Earlies, June 5; Mar- guerite, June 12; Pauline, June 11; and Incom- parable, a variety raised from Keen's Seedling, probably crossed with Goliath, and which Mr. Kidgewell describes as a useful variety which he has grown for some time. Six punnets of Sir J. Paxton, as sent to market, were also shown, with twelve punnets of Gooseberries. Mr. E. Butts, Leigham Court Gardens, Streatham, showed two dishes of Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, excellent fruits, even, and of capital flavour. Mr. Allis, Old Warden Park Gardens, Biggleswade, exhibited two dishes of Noble and Marguerite, the fruit extremely fine in both cases. Mr. W. Bates, The Gardens, Poulett Lodge, Twickenham, showed good fruits of Lucas, President, James Veitch, Noble, and Sir Joseph Paxton. Mr. G. W. Cummius, gr. to A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Wallington, sent dishes of King of the Earlies, Keen's Seedling, President, Sir J. Paxton, and Vicomtesse H. de Thury, all repre- sented by good fruits ; and Mr. YV'ythes, gr. to the Duke of Northumberland, Syon House, Brentford, showed dishes of James Veitch, President, Sir J. Paxton, Keen's Seedling, Noble, Vicomtesse H. de Thury, Dr. Hogg, and Sir Harry. Mr. W. Taylor, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, had three tine dishes of Grove End Scarlet, President, and Sir C. Napier. Votes of thanks were adjudged to all exhibitors, including the following not already mentioned : — Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for La Grosse Sucree, President, Vicomtesse II. de Thury, Noble, A. P. Barron, Pauline, Sir J. Paxton, Commander, and King of the Earlies; Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son, Chelmsford, contributed Noble, Lucas, Commander, James Veitch, President, and Sir Joseph Paxton ; Mr. J. Watkins, Hereford, showed a very interesting collection, comprising seventeen varieties, including, in addition to those already mentioned, Sharpless, Dr. Hogg, Auguste Nicaise, Comte de Paris, Stirling Castle, and The Captain ; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, sent nine dishes of fine fruits. Mr. T. Laxton, Bedford, showed a large collection of his own and other vaiieties, with several very promising seedlings ; the fruits were arranged in neat square baskets, with a folding handle. Messrs. II. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, sent two peck baskets of Sir J. Paxton, gathered at Swanley and Eynsford respec- tively, and showing the way in which the fruits are sent to market from Kent. No packing is used, and the rim of the basket is turned inwards an inch or two, so that the baskets can be placed on the top of each other without injury to the fruit. Messrs. Cheal & Son, Crawley, also showed fruits of Sir J. Paxton and Marguerite. Altogether Sir J. Paxton was shown by twelve exhibitors, and Noble by eleven. THE CONFERENCE. The Conference proceedings in St. Stephen's Hall, were opened at ."> p.m. by T. Francis Rivers, Esq, who occupied the chair. The programme comprised the following subjects, all of which were ably dealt with :— "The Origin of the Cultivated Strawberry," by Mr. Shirley Hibberd ; "The Culture of Garden Strawberries," by Mr. J. Wright : " The Market Culture of Strawberries," by Mr. G. Bunyard ; and " Seedling Strawberries," by Mr. T. Laxton, which we here reproduce by the courtesy of the Secretary. Seedling Strawberries: — When I was invited to read a paper on " Seedling Strawberries," at this Conference, I felt that there might be listeners who would inquire of themselves why seedling Strawberries should require to be separately treated, when the history and cultivation of the fruit is expounded by the able fruitists and writers who have kindly taken those subjects in hand ; but looking at our special and most popular summer fruit as almost of an annual character, as it gives its produce from seed more rapidly than any other fruit with which I am acquainted, and to the enormous demand to suit the various tastes and re- quirements of consumers, I do not hesitate to lay before you a few of the simple facts and slight ex- periences gathered by me in a period of thirty-two years, during which I have, mostly at intervals of three or four years, continued to raise and work out a batch of seedlings, chiefly by cross-fertilisation. The annual character of the alpine Strawberries, so much appreciated by our French neighbours, is well known, as they are ordinarily and best treated as such, coming fairly true from seed, and the produce generally finer than from runner plants. Our so-called English Strawberries, which probably contain an admixture of the blood of all the edible species, may be treated in a similar manner, and may be more quickly fruited from seed than, I believe, is generally understood. As these are now cultivated in most temperate and semi-tropical climates, and as almost every soil and situation has a peculiarity for some particular variety or varieties, it becomes necessary to provide sorts suitable for these varied climes and localities. In North America, I believe, this has been largely and systematically carried out, with the result that a more vigorous race than we have in most of our English and continental sorts has been secured, for if there be a failing in our many good quality Strawberries, it is chiefly that of weak constitution. The health and vigour of most of the American varieties leads me to look to these as suitable parents to be introduced into our home stud book, for although the American sorts are not all or generally suitable for our moister climate, especially in a wet season, still their great fertility, hardiness, and vigour, combined with good size of fruit, has seemed to me just what we want on this side of the water to keep up the health standard and constitution of the western European varieties, for our cousins, looking at the matter in a practical and profitable way, have excelled us in the production of hardy, prolific, and large-fruited varieties adapted for market and field culture. By the introduction of the American Straw- berry blood, we have an alliance of two distinctly acclimatised races, and I cannot but think that such an alliance is equally advantageous for our artificially produced and cultivated fruits, as it has proved for the over-civilised human race. Now, following the lines adopted in America in raising seedling Straw- berries, the objects which it has appeared to me that we ought to seek are : — 1, Constitution and moderate vigour ; 2, fertility, 3, solidity and external firmness to adapt the fruit for transit ; 4, flavour and quality ; 5, size and appearance. The latter points many market growers will hold as constituting the blue blood of the Strawberry ; while, on the other hand, private gardeners will put quality in the foreground, as Strawberries are grown to be eaten as well as to form captivating works of art. This adds to the necessity for providing a sufficient number and variety of sorts as may be required for the particular purpose. It has been my folly to seek the philosopher's stone, and to blend all the desired qualities in one. I need hardly say that this happy goal has not been attained, and the pleasure may yet be looked forward to by workers in the interesting field of seedling Strawberry raising. But to be practical, what is most wanted now are early, main crop, and late sorts, having good-sized, high- flavoured fruits with a firm exterior, the colour of a bright glossy scarlet, and lasting. The conical or heart-shaped form may perhaps find most favour, but the shape should be regular, the plant hardy, moderately vigorous and sturdy, and fairly pro- ductive of runners ; a stout footstalk, carrying about ten or twelve even and regular-sized fruits, free of, but not too far from, the ground; the fruits of good and distinct flavours, it not being necessary that all sorts should assimilate in this respect, variety and novelty being desirable to suit various tastes ; and, lastly, if these qualities can be adapted to fruits suitable also for forcing, a material gain will be secured. How these Ends may he Attained. — 1. By sowing seed from naturally fertilised, large, and well-shaped fruits, approximating to the above standaid or objects desired. Perhaps the varieties Sir Joseph Paxton, Noble, or Auguste Nicaise, may supply what is wanted in the earlier sorts, and British Queen, Commander, President, Dr. Hogg, Loxford Hall, Waterloo, Latest of All, or Eleanor, similar advantages for the improvement of the main and late sorts. 2. By artificially intercrossing the best English and foreign varieties. Modes of Operation. — The seed may either be sown as soon as the fruit is thoroughly ripened when it may be broken up and the pulp or flesh well washed out and separated from the seed through a tine sieve or piece of muslin, dried, and at once sown in a box of rather light soil, kept moist, and in a shady situation, until vegetation takes place, which will probably occur in two or three weeks. As soon as the plants are large enough to handle, they may be pricked out into boxes, or potted off at once into 72's, and afterwards repotted from time to time or planted out as may be required, or the fruits may be dried in a sunny place and retained until the early spring following, when the seed may be rubbed or picked out and sown and treated as above. The former method has the advantage of gaining time, and from it I have been able to obtain fruit from some of the seedlings in about fourteen months from sowing the seed. The latter mode avoids the preservation of and carrying through the winter a number of small plants, and the attendant risk of loss from slugs and insects. I prefer and adopt the former when possible, and time is important; and this I find was the mode pre- ferred by the late Dr. Roden, well known as a suc- cessful raiser and improver of the Strawberry. When the seedling plants are strong enough, I usually plant them out in rows about 1 foot to 1 foot 3 inches apart, according to size and vigour, giving 2 feet 6 inches between the rows. This affords a fair opportunity for testing and securing a few runners during the first two years; for although some of the plants may flower and fruit the year following that of sowing the seed, many will not, however, fruit, nor can any be satisfactorily put on further probation until the second year. Where convenient it is a good plan to put out the seedlings by the side of an open walk or path, facing south if possible, as there the plants get ample light and air, and can be readily tended. How and What to Intercross. — Where it is desired to intercross two distinct varieties or species, the parents should be both healthy and vigorous plants, but not too vigorous, and it will be well for security and convenience that the intended s°ed-bearing plant should be grown in a pot. The anthers must be removed from the flower to be operated upon with a pair of small sharp-pointed scissors the day pre- ceding the opening and full development, and early the following morning pollen of the sort required, as the male parent, should be applied to the pistils of the intended seed-bearing flower directly from the pollen-bearing flower, and as there is a possibility of the organs not being sufficiently ripe or developed, it may be advisable to repeat the operation a few hours later ; but the first access of pollen will usually suffice. When it is clear that fertilisation has taken place, I pinch off all flowers and fruit not required, so as to strengthen those intended for seed. There is also an advantage in potting the plants to be worked upon, as they may be advanced or retarded for use with varieties flowering earlier or later in the open, and the operations can be more safely con- ducted under cover, the protection of gauze, how- ever, being unnecessary for a many-pistilled flower like that of the Strawberry. It will be wise not to over-fertilise or apply too much pollen, as when many seeds are obtained from a fruit, the whole are generally weaker than when a few well-developed seeds are secured. I have an impression also that an excess of alien pollen tends in the Strawberry to a predominance of the characters of the pollen- bearing male parent. As to Forthcoming Results, it may be anticipated that as the cultivated Strawberry is a cross-bred fruit, there will be considerable variety as well as some wide breaks in the progeny from intercrossing, but generally the offspring will show characters intermediate between the parents, and with perseverance it will be pos- sible to gain the end sought. Having practised Strawberry crossing so long, however, it is some- what discouraging to know that Noble, probably the most remarkable break in Strawberries of recent years in this country, was obtained without artistic intervention. I surmise there are some who will like to know its actual origin ; such is easily told. In 1884, I grew and sowed the seed from a large and handsome fruit of Forman's Excelsior (a fine and good-shaped, firm-fleshed Strawberry on light soils). From this sowing I only obtained five plants, one of which proved bolder than the rest, and subsequently became " Ennobled ;" the remainder were not acqui- sitions. Now, considering that I have during the past thirty-two years, from my own work of cross-breeding, raised at least 10,000 seedling Strawberries, and out of these only nine have as yet been sent forth to the world, although all have "had to be tried, and many, after being largely cultivated for years, have had ulti- 22 THE GA It BEX Eft S1 CHft OXICL E. [Jolt 5, 1890. mately to be abandoned, and that out of a small batch of five from natural fertilisation there should be one distinct gain, I feel that the work of a cross- breeder who can only point to such results is not altogether satisfactory, nor, I may feelingly add, profitable. AlthoughNoble was only from natural, or insect, or wind-fertilisation, I am able, with some confidence, to indicate its breed, and that it contains American blood, as the fruit from which it was grown was taken from a row of Forman's Excelsior grown contiguous to one of Sharpiess Seedling, a large, early, and vigorous sort, and if the foliage, habit, fruit, and periods of maturity of these two varieties be examined and considered, it will appear tolerably plain that Noble has a good deal of each of these varieties in it, and that the advantages of American blood have been secured without the agency of man. The influence and weight of Noble will, however, doubtless, soon be apparent in forth- coming varieties, for by intercrossing it with all the best varieties, and reversing the crosses in most cases, a large number of seedlimgs have been obtained, and are on trial. In carrying out my own work, I have found that the seed of Noble is lighter, and does not vegetate so freely as that of the varieties crossed with its pollen, and it may be that to this imperfec- tion of seed the fertility of Noble in quantity and size of fruit may be owing. I have also introduced with success the blood of other American seedlings into my crosses, and I am a believer that, in this in- troduction of new blood, there is greater probability of further advancing our own home race of Straw- berries, a field in which there is yet ample scope for progress. ROYAL AQUARIUM. June 27 and 28. — The Rose Show organised by the Royal Aquarium Company proved very suc- cessful, the entries in several classes being very large. Generally, the blooms were good, but only in a few instances was there anything remarkably fine. The new Pink Society and the British Fruit Growers' Association met in conjunction. In the nurserymen's section, the leading class was for forty-eight blooms, distinct, the 1st place being taken by Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, with a very even stand of favourite varieties, as Francois Miche- lon, Duke of Wellington, Ulrich Brunner, Etienne Levet, Madame de Watteville, &c. The English Fruit and Rose Company, Hereford, was placed 2nd, following closely with blooms of Senateur Vaisse, Dr. Andry, and Comte de Raimbaud, being fine. In the class for thirty-six, exhibitors in the former were not allowed to enter, and here Messrs. Keynes, Williams, and Co., Salisbury, who led, showed a capital lot of fresh flowers, Madame de Watteville, Madame C. Wood, and F. Michelon, being striking. Messrs. G. Cooling & Sons, Bath, were a good 2nd, with a fine example of Robert Marnock; also Sou- venir de S. A. Prince, and F. Michelon. The best lot of thirty-six triplets were from Mr. B. R. Cant, who again showed well, having A. Colomb, Dupuy Jamain, Madame Verdier, and Merveille de Lyon among the best. In the 2nd prize collection, from the English Fruit and Rose Company, Countess of Oxford was well shown. The amateurs' classes were well sustained, and several of the leading Rose amateurs' were com- peting. The best collection in the leading class for thirty-six distinct was that of Mr. G. Jordan, gr. to the Kev. H. A. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich — a neat fresh lot ; Ulrich Brunner, Madame J. Laing, A. K. Williams, and Francjois Michelon being the finest specimens. The Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Sproughton Rectory, Ipswich, was placed 1st for twenty-four, having a fairly good stand, but a trifle stale; Captain Christy and Baroness Rothschild may be selected. Mr. E. Wilkins, Lyndhurst, Sutton, was 1st, for twelve, with blooms of average quality ; the collection of twelve triplets from Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Bearton, Hitchin, which won him the leading place in that class, was composed of very fresh flowers of showy appearance, A. K. Williams, Marquise de Castellane, and Madame G. Luizet being specially good. Teas and Noisettes were in some stands very well shown, but in a few cases the blooms were stale. Of the delicate colours of the Teas, however, it was impos- sible to judge, owing to the peculiar colour of the roofing of the Aquarium, which completely destroyed the tints of such flowers as Madame de Watteville and Comtesse de Nadaillac. In the nuiserymen's section, Mr. G. Prince, Oxford, had the best eighteen threes, showing a well-grown collection, fresh and bright, in which Comtesse de Nadaillac, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Rubens, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and Catherine Mermet were well represented. Mr. B. R. Cant was placed 2nd, Souvenir d'un Ami, Niphetos, Madame Cusin, and Madame de Watteville being his best. Mr. Cant led for eighteen in single blooms, having a fine Madame Lambard ; but the other blooms were perhaps rather old. Mr. G. Prince, who was placed 2nd, had a grand Comtesse de Nadaillac. The Rev. F. R. Burnside, Birch Vicarage, Hereford, had the best twelve triplets in the amateurs' class. They looked very pretty, being set up with foliage, Anna Olivier, Jules Finger, and Madame Cnsin were among the best. The Rev. H. A. Berners, who was 2nd, had a finely coloured Ethel Brownlow. He led iu the class for twelve singles, showing full bloom specimens, including Madame de Watteville, Anna Olivier, and Caroline Kuster. In the open class"S, exhibits were numerous, and what was undoubtedly one of the grandest lot of Ulrich Brunner that could be grown was shown by the English Fruit and Rose Co. in the class for twelve of any H.P. For any Tea or Noisette, Mr. Prince had highly coloured Comtesse de Nadaillac ; Rev. F. R. Burnside had the best yellow in Anna Olivier; the best white was Mr. B. R. Cant's Innocente Pirola, very large; he also had the finest crimson in A. K. Williams. Moss and Provence Roses came from Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, but they were not quite open. In the miscellaneous classes a very creditable and noteworthy exhibit was made by C. E. Cutbell, Esq., Dorking, who had a collection of forty-eight single and polyantha Roses of great beauty. Mr. W. Tayler, Hampton, and Mr. W. Rumsey, Waltham Cross, both contributed collections, the latter also having Liliums. Messrs. Paul & Son, Messrs. Barr & Son, and Mr. Such had collections of herbaceous plants, Irises, &c. ; and Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, showed border Pinks and Gloxinias, &c; they also offered prizes for Cucumbers, Mr. A. Newell, Wimbledon, and Mr. Waite, Esher, taking 1st and 2nd respectively. NATIONAL PINK. The exhibition of Pinks carried out by the newly- formed National Pink Society was satisfactory as a representative display, many of the leading flowers being shown in the best character. The exhibition was mainly made by the trade growers. Time was when Pink shows were common in and round London, and in the southern parts of the country ; and one main object of this new society is to induce lovers of flowers to take up the cultivation of the Pink. The practice of placing cotton wool in the calyx, so as to give a larger but somewhat deceptive appearance to the flowers, should be rigorously sup- pressed. It was a disqualification in the old days, and should be so now. Florists' Laced Pinks. — In the class for twenty-four blooms, not fewer than twelve varieties, Mr. Charles Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, was 1st, with some very fine examples, having Boiard, Minerva, The Rector, a very fine new variety ; Hebe, Emerald, Modesty, Empress of India, Excelsior, Henry Hooper, Eurydice, Rosy Gem, Bertram, and seedlings. 2nd, Mr. F. Hooper, florist, Bath, with some good blooms also, having Boiard, Ne plus Ultra, Modesty, Rosy Morn, Mrs. Darke, a very free and pretty variety ; Henry Hooper, Reliance, Princess Frederick William, George White, and Mrs. Barlow, a very pretty rose-laced variety. In the class for twelve blooms, not less than six varieties, the same order prevailed ; and again in the class for six blooms, in six varieties, and for six blooms, not less than three varieties. Single Blooms. — In the classes for these, three prizes were ottered for purple-laced, red-laced, and for white and black, the latter having a dark centre, but pure white petals devoid of lacing. In the class for purple-laced, Mr. C. Turner was 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, with Boiard, and the same in the red class, having Boiard, but with pale lacing, Minerva, and The Rector. No blooms were staged in the white and black class. The premier purple-laced Picotee was Empress of India, and the premier red-laced, Boiard, both from Mr. Turner. Border Pinks. — These, as far as represented by good varieties, are somewhat scarce. In the class for twelve bunches, not less than six varieties, Mr. C. Turner set up a stand of fine flowers, but they were ruled out, owing to the inclusion of laced varie- ties ; Mr. F. Hooper, was, therefore, 1st, having Her Majesty, white ; Charmer, pink, with dark centre ; Oliver, pale rose, with dark centre; Norah, blush, and rosy-purple centre, and seedlings ; 2nd, Mr. R. Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing, with some very pretty seedlings from Anna Boleyn and others. Special prizes were offered by Mr. E. R. Johnson for the best three blooms of any laced seedling florists' Pink not in commerce, Mr. Turner being placed 1st, with The Rector, pure white ground, with deep red lacing — a smooth flower with a finely formed petal ; Mr. F. Hooper being 2nd, with Ray- ner Johnson, purple-laced, large and full. Mr. James Thurstan, Cardiff, offered a special prize for the best stand of six dissimilar laced Pinks, which was awarded to Mr. C. Turner. RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL. June 25. — This popular suburban Society enjoyed unusual favour from the weather last week, when the summer show was held in the fine Old Deer Park amidst the huge trees, and in surroundings of the most delightful kind. Very considerably in advance of the entries of the previous year were those at the recent show, which, in all its various departments, was unusually good, and gave to com- mittee and visitors the liveliest satisfaction. The huge tent devoted to plants was well filled, some good trade groups of a honorary kind helping to lend much interest to the exhibition. Of these, Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, had a capital lot of foliage and flowering plants. Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, set up a telling group of Lilies, em- bedded in Japan Maples ; Messrs. Puttock & Shepherd, Kingston, had a very effective collection of stove and greenhouse plants ; Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, a fine collection of hardy cut flowers, with some flowering shrubs ; Messrs. Collins & Gabriel, Hampton, also had Preonies and other hardy flowers in profusion ; and Mr. Chambers, Isle- worth, showed his capital white Viola Snowflake and perennial Phloxes. The usual decorative groups proved a more re- stricted feature than usual, but Mr. W. Brown, of Richmond, took the 1st place with a charming group ; Messrs. Fromow & Sons, Turnbain Green, being 2nd. Only two groups were set up iu the smaller class. Stove and greenhouse plants in bloom came from Mr. Mould, Pewsey, Wilts, Mr. H. James, and Col. Pepper, Salisbury, but they did not command much attention ; some as good came from Mr. Parsons, gr. to T. Twining, Esq., Twickenham ; and Mr. W. Bates, Poulett Lodge — local growers — which were also fresher. Palms, Ferns, and foliage plants, especially Coleus, were in strong force, but are far from being specially attractive. In soft-wooded flowering plants, such as Pelargoniums, Begonias, &c, the tent found its chief attractions. Mr. C. Turner, Slough, had the best six of show and fancy varieties, charming plants of medium size, also the finest group of smaller plants ; whilst H. Little, Esq., Twickenham, and W. Clay, Esq., Kingston, had other good collections. Zonal Pelargoniums were in brilliant form, the best six plants, some 30 inches across, finely flowered, coming from Mr. Coombs, gr. to W. Furze, Esq., Teddington ; Mr. Watts, Mr. H. Little's gr., coming 2nd, with larger and wondrously flowered plants; the 3rd prize lot were chiefly doubles, and were less effective than the singles. Mr. Watts had the best twelve Begonias, really finely-flowered and grown plants. Gloxinias were a marked feature. There were two classes for nine plants ; in the one case, Mr. Nunn, gr. to T. Rankin, Esq., East Sheen, had the best, singularly compact, clean, and superbly bloomed plants, of lively colours, and all erect forms ; a better lot, so compact habited, has rarely been seen. The other best nine came from Mr. Meaton, gr. to J. B. Hilditch, Esq., Rich- mond, very large finely flowered plants, well worthy the position. Orchids were well shown by Mr. Watts, who had the best six pieces, with Cattleya Mendelii, C. Men- delii fimbriata, Lailia purpurata, Oncidium thyrsi- folium, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, and C. barba- tum superbum. Mr. Young, gr. to F. Wigan, Esq., East Sheen, and Mr. H. James exhibited also. Mr. Watts put up a very fine lot of Cattleyas, Cypri- pediums, &c, in variety. With decorated baskets of plants, Mr. Goodwin, Twickenham, was 1st, and Mr. Little, 2nd. Cut Flowers. — Turning to the cut flower tent, the chief feature of which were Roses, table-stand bouquets, &c, the trade growers made a fine show July 5, 1800.1 THE GABBENEJRS' QHROXICLE. 23 with the former flowers, as usual. Messrs. Paul & Sons, Chesbuut, came 1st, with thirty-six trebles, a capital lot of early flowers, comprising all the best show varieties ; Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, was 2nd ; and Messrs. Burrows, of the same place, were 3rd. In the class for twenty-four trebles, Mr. Cant came 1st, with charming blooms ; Messrs. Paul & Sons, 2nd ; and Messrs. J. & W. H. Burch, Peter- borough, j'rd. With twenty-four siugles, for ama- teurs, Mr. W. E. West, Reigate was to the fore, with medium-sized but elegant flowers ; as also in the class for twelve bloom?, his 2ad in each case being Mr. Warwick, gr. to J. P. Kitchen, Esq., Hampton. Mr. C. Turner, Slough, had the best twelve Teas. The local Rose classes were well filled. Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Messrs. Jackman & Son, Woking, and Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, Ealing, showed line collections of cut flowers. Table stands, baskets, bouquets, &c, were in great force. Messrs. Perkins, of Northampton, and Mr. .1. U. Chard, being the chief trade exhibitors in com- petitions ; whilst Mr. W. Brown, Richmond, had some beautiful crosses, wreaths, bouquets, Sec, a kind for which he is so famous. Fruit made an excellent display. With six dishes, including capital Black Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, &c, Mr. Osman, gr. to L. J. Baker, Esq., Chertsey, was 1st ; Mr. W. Bites being a good 2nd. In the class for black Grapes, Mr. Thompson, gr. to Messrs. Wells, Hounslow, was 1st, with capital Madresfield Court, finely finished; Mr. Osman being 2nd, with Ham- burgh. With white Grapes, Mr. Feist, gr. to R. J. Ashton, Esq., Euglelield Green, was 1st, with very fair Muscat of Alexandria; Fosters' Seedling, from Mr. Greenwell, Marden Park, being 2nd. Mr. Bates had the best black Grapes from local growers ; and Sir. Campbell, gr. to Dr. Wood, best white Grapes in Foster's Seedling. Melons were small, and not good. The best dish of Nectarines was found in Lord Napier, and Condor was the best Peach. A superb lot of fruits from Mr. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, attracted great notice. This was comprised of black Cherries, Early Rivers, Bigarreau De Schreken, and Black Hawk; aud of whites, Ludwig's Bigarreau Governor Wood, Bigarreau Van Streuse, and Monstreuse de Mezel ; and of reds, May Duke. Also there were Grand Duke, red ; and Transparent white Plums ; various Peaches, Nectarines, &c. VegetabUs were in fine form, and Mr. Waite, gr. to the lion. Col. Talbot, Clenhurst, Esher, was again the champion exhibitor, he taking 1st prizes in the class for twelve kinds in Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s class for nine varieties ; and in Messrs. Sutton & Son's class for six varieties, showing in each case capital samples. Mr. D. White, Redlees Gar- dens, Islewortb, was a good exhibitor also, as were Mr. Hilditch, Twickenham; and Mr. Coombs, East Sheen House. Numerous classes for amateurs and cottagers were well filled, but do not here call for notice. ROYAL OXFORDSHIRE HORTI- CULTURAL. The Commemoration Flower Show of this Society took place in the gardens of St. John's College on June 27. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — Certain classes open to all brought some fine subjects. The best nine stove and greenhouse plants came from Mr. J. Cypher, nurseryman, Cheltenham. In the members' classes the principal exhibitors of stove and greenhouse plants were Mr. G. Jacob, Witney ; Mr. C. Jacob, Barton ; and Mr. J. Mattock, Headington, clean and well-grown plants generally being staged. Orchids. — A fine collection, contributed by Mr. Whillans, gr. to His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim ; the plants were small, but finely bloomed. Among them were Dendrobium suavissi- mum, D. Dearii, Cattleyas Harrisoniana, gigas, Gaakelliana, Mossia;, Mendelii, Warneri, and Ack- landia: ; Cypripediums selligerum majus, grande, and superbiens ; Lycaste Deppei ; Lajlias purpurata and elegaus ; Angnloa Ruckeriana, Vanda teres, Masdevallia Ilarryana, &c. These were prettily set up with Ferns and Palms. In the class for four Orchids, Mr. G. Jacobs was 1st, with Lselia purpurata, Cattleya Mendelii, Cypri- pedium licvigatum, and t Montoglossum Pescatorei ; 2nd, Mr. R. Price, Headington, with D'rjdrobium suavissimum, D. Dearii, Cattleya Mendelii, and Cypripediutn barbatum superbiens. Other plants included good Ericas in sixes, from Mr, J. F. Mould, Nurseryman, Pewsey, who was 1st, and Mr. J. Cypher, 2nd. Gloxinias, Achimenes, in capital specimens from Mr. Robins, The Gardens, Ilartwell House. Fuchsias and Exotic Ferns, Mr. C. Jacob hail the best six specimens. British Ferns, Mr. John Walker, Thame, had the best six Pelargoniums of various types. Cut Flowers. — The leading features were Roses and hardy Perennials. Irises made a very pretty display, and some charming varieties of the Spanish type were shown by Mr. W. F. Cross, Oxford, and Mr. (i. 1). Meadows. A remarkably fine stand of twelve, bunches of hardy Perennials was staged by Mr. B. Price, a bold and striking exhibit. Such fine subjects as Cypripediutn spectabile, Delphinium Madame II. Jacotot, white and purple martagon Lilies, Sca- biosa caucasica, Onosnia taurica, and Heuchera san- guined being amongst them. Fruit was represented by excellent black and white Grapes, Colonel Miller, Shotover, being 1st, with Muscat of Alexandria ; and Mr. A. Wykeham. Mus- grove, 2nd, with Black Hamburgh. Mr. T. Lockie was 1st with Peaches, having fine Magdala, and also with Lord Napier Nectarine. Good Straw- berries, Cherries, and Melons were shown, and Mr. Lockie was 1st, with a fine brace of Carter's Model Cucumber. Vegetables filled many square yards of tables, and were very fine. Much interest centered round the exhibits for the special prizes of Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, and E. Webb & Sons, Wordsley. which consisted of collections of six dishes. In both competitions the 1st prizes were awarded to Mr. W. l'i>pe, Highclere Castle Gardens; Mr. T. Lockie occupying a similar position with 2nd prizes, and excellent vegetables were staged in each. The com- petition was very keen. TORCtUAY ROSE SHOW. .1, he 25 and 2(1. — This exhibition was held in fie grounds of the Devon Roseries (Messrs. Curtis, Sandford, & Co. >, who offer valuable prizes for cut blooms of Roses, supplemented by a large addition of prizes from the Torquay Horticultural Society. The admission to the exhibition is free to all, but collecting-boxes are placed among the exhibits, aud in conspicuous parts of the nurseries. The sums thus collected are all devoted to the Devon Rosery Gardeners' Relief Fuud, and it is very gratifying to know that considerable sums are thns obtained, which have enabled the committee, after relieving thirty-five cases, during the past year, of gardeners, or widows of gardeners, to carry over a balance. The duties and arrangements for the exhibition are all carried out by willing and sympathetic friends, gratis, Dr. Ramsey being the President, Mr. Chand- ler, Hon. Secretary, and Captain W. Fane Tucker, Treasurer, aided by a strong committee, all enthu- siastic hoiticulturists. Thirty-six Roses, distinct. — 1st, Mr. Bradbury, gr. to S. P. Budd, Esq., Bath, whose Roses were in splendid condition ; 2nd, Mr. J. French, gr. to Moreton Sparks, Esq . with a very good lot of fresh blooms. Twenty-four distinct varieties, one truss of each.— 1st, Mr. J. Slotnan, gr. to Captain Fane Tucker, with a capital lot. Twelve varieties, distinct, three trusses of each.— Here again Dr. Budd was an easy 1st, with excel- lent blooms. Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co. exhibited about two dozen boxes of splendid blooms of Roses ; Messrs. R. J. Veitch & Son, of Exeter, were present with boxes of superb cut blooms of double and single Tuberous Begonias, Carnations and Picotees, Pansies, &C, with a number of boxes of annuals and herbaceous flowers in great and choice variety. Special prizes for Roses were offered by Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., Dr. Budd winning in the Tea classes, and Mr. W. Alder in that of H.P.'s. The Torquay Horticultural Society's special prizes, for a group of Stove and greenhouse plants, fell to Mr. Sloman and Mr. Slatterly, who were 1st and 2nd respectively. Mr. Sloman was 1st for cut flowers from the greenhouse and stove, and Mr. Ferris for blossoms of zonal Pelargoniums. Mr. J. Coombes of Pilmuir, staged a grand col- lection of fruit, of very large Strawberries of Dr. Hogg and Sir Joseph Paxton ; Peaches, Tomatos, Oranges, and Lemons. Messrs. J. Hawkins & I'earce also staged a quantity of very fine fruit. V. 0. P. CROYDON. July 2. — The twenty-third summer show was held in the large grounds of Brickwood House. Roses are a feature of the shows of this Society, and, despite the rough, rainy weather which has pre- vailed of late, the blooms were very fine. In con- nection with the show, a Rose fair in aid of the Gar- deners' Orphan Fund was held, by which the sum of £15 lis. was realised. .Mr. FrankCant, Colchester, was placed Istforforty- eightrare blooms, distinct (nurserymen), winning, in addition to cash, the National Rose Society's Gold Medal ; they were a very fresh and clean lot, in which Viscountess Folkestone, Madame Montet, Xavier Olibo, Duke of Wellington, Madame de Wat- teville, and Merveille de Lyon, were the best. 2nd, Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, who followed up closely, having a good Niphetos, Heinrich Schultheiss, Victor Hugo, and Madame Cusin. In the class for twenty-four triplets, the foregoing order of merit was reversed, Mr. B. R. Cant having his blooms also arranged with much taste. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex, had a stand of twenty-four singles, and was placed 1st for blooms of fair quality. Mr. F. Cant was again to the fore with twelve Teas or Noisettes (thereby taking the Royal Horticultural Society's Flora Medal), with a capital lot, in which were Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, Souv. de S. A. Prince, and Comtesse de Nadaillac. The best twelve of any one variety was also from him, having Mrs. J. Laing in good samples. In the amateurs' and gardeners' classes, open to all England, Mr. A. J. Brown, gr. to Mrs. Waterlow, Great Doods, Reigate, swept the board, and he deserves much credit for the fine blooms staged. The collection of thirty-six, for which he received the Challenge Cup, value 25 guineas, was of uniformly good form and fresh. Innocente Pirola, Her Majesty, Captain Christy, Mrs. J. Laing, Ulrich Brunner, General Jacqueminot, and Comtesse de Nadaillac may be named. Mr. Brown was also 1st for six distinct in threes, where Her Majesty and Dupuy Jamain were striking; for twelve of one variety, showing Mrs. J. Laing ; and again for twelve Teas or Noisettes, distinct, in which were Catherine Mcrmet, Princess Beatrice, and Caroline Kuster. The Silver Flora Medal of the Royal Horticul- tural Society, offered for the best box of Teas, another for the best box of H.P.'s, and the National Rose Society's Medal for the best bloom, all went to Mr. Brown — the last-named for a bloom of Mrs. J. Laing shown in the thirty-six. Mr. C. J. Salter, gr. to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate, was 2nd for the thirty-six, but came in 1st for twenty- four with well-grown, solid flowers, his best being Francois Michelon, Merveille de Lyon, Countess of Oxford, Baroness Rothschild, Mrs. J. Laing, aud Alfred Colomb. Mr. West, Reigate, was 2ud for twenty-four, and Mr. E. Wilkins, Lyndhurst, Sutton, 1st for twelve, with a neat lot, Dupuy Jamain and Etienne Levet being fine. In the local classes (open only to those resident within the Borough of Croydon) the best blooms were shown by C. J. Grahame, Esq., who won several prizes, including a Challenge Cup and the National Rose Society's Silver Medal, both offered in the class for six blooms, distinct; he also received the Silver Flora Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society offered for Teas, and the National Rose Society's Silver Medal for the best bloom, winning it with a fine example of Her Majesty. Among his best flowers were Ulrich Brunner, Madame Bravy, Countess Folkstone, Merveille de Lyon, and Baroness Rothschild. Mr. Dart and the Rev. W. Wilks also showed well in this section. Plants were well represented by Mr. W. King, gr. to P. Crowley, Esq., Wadden House, Croydon, who had specimens far ahead of any others in the show. The plants staged by him in the classes for nine stove and greenhouse, in flower, nine ornamental foliage, stove and greenhouse, and six exotic Ferns, were highly creditable examples of fine cultivation. Among the best were Alocasia macrorhiza variegata, Anthurium crystallinum, Dieffenbachia Bausei. Cle- rodendron Balfourianum, Boronia elatior, Ixora Williamsi, Davallia philippensis, D. Mooreana, D. polyantha, and Nephrolepis davalloides furcans. Mr. King was also 1st for a group of plants arranged for effect in 100 feet (with Mr. James, Castle Nursery, Norwood, placed equal), for Dracaenas, for Sela- ginellas, and for a specimen ornamental foliage plant, showing a capial Phoenix grandis. Mr. James had the best specimen flowering plant in Erica jubata rubra. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 5, 1890. Mr. F. Simmonds, Surbiton ; Mr. H. Elsey, Croydon ; Mr. C. Welstead, Bromley Hill ; Mr. W. Jupp. The Waldrons, Croydon ; and Mr. W. Wooldridge, South Norwood, were also successful exhibitors. In the vegetable classes, Mr. Jupp was the prin- cipal prizetaker, having fine specimens. Grapes were very good, Mr. G. Clinging, Marden Park, having the best black in highly-finished Black Hamburgh ; and Mr. Blurton, Kingswood Warren, the finest white in Muscat of Alexandria. Mr. Simmonds had fine Royal George Peaches, and Mr. Clinging showed a creditable collection of fruit. THE SCOTTISH PANSY SOCIETY. The forty-sixth annual show of this Society was held in Dowell's Rooms, George Street, Edinburgh, on the 20th inst. Compared with previous shows, this stood out favourably with regard to entries, the total number being 234. Notwithstanding the pre- valence of cold dry winds and frequent heavy showers of rain during the fortnight prior to the show, the quality of the flowers was generally good, and com- petition in many of the classes was keen. Violas were a bright and striking feature. Amateurs in the north appear to be year by year appreciating more and more the fine decorative qualities of these beautiful and varied flowers, and this season the competition was, in the amateurs' classes, in excess of former shows in the numbers of entries, in [the quality of the flowers, and in the taste and style of their setting up. In connection with this feature of the show, the nurserymen's exhibits, though only three in number, were striking examples of what such exhibits should be. The twenty-four varieties, distinct, in bunches not exceeding nine blooms of each, set up by Messrs. Dick- sons & Co., by Messrs. Laird & Sons, Edinburgh, and by Messrs. R. B. Thomson & Co., Glasgow, were very much admired. The former firm received the 1st prize, the latter the 2nd, in what was regarded as a very close competition. In the stand of Messrs. Dicksons & Co. were two promising seedlings, named respectively. H. M. Stanley and Dorothy Tennant ; and in Messrs. Laird's stand Rosy Morn, Neptune, and R fleman were striking in character and colour ; Messrs. Thomson & Co. took 3rd prize. In the nurserymen's classes of show Pansies, the growers from the western parts of the country had all their own way. Mr. A. Lister, Rothesay, took 1st honours in the class of twenty-four blooms, distinct; Mr. J. Sutherland, Lenzie. was a good 2nd ; and Mr. M. Campbell, Blantyre, a close 3rd. Twenty-four fancy Pansies, dissimilar, brought M. Campbell to the front with a fine lot, remarkable for the size of the blooms and purity of their colours. Mr. John Smaillie, Bushby, and Mr. A. Irvine. Tigh-na-bruaicb, taking 2nd and 3rd honours re- spectively. The class of six seedling show Pansies, dissimilar, only brought one stand of merit, which was from A. Irvine, and was considered sufficiently good by the judges to merit the 1st prize. Gardeners' Classes. — These were contested for chiefly by the men of the west, only one eastern grower holding his own against five from the other part of the country, and one also from Urie. Kin- cardineshire. Mr. A. Borrowman, Beeslack, Mid- lothian, took 1st honours with the best eighteen show varieties, the 2nd and 3rd falling to Mr. R. Stewart. Lenzie. and Mr. A. Reid. Urie. in their order. For the best twelve show varieties Borrow- man was again placed 1st, with Mr. C. Dalgarne, Lenzie, and R. Stewart 2nd and 3rd in order. For the best six show Pansies, Mr. A. Gilchrist, Glazert- bank, A. Borrowman, and R. Stewart shared the honours in the order named. The best eighteen fancy Pansies brought R. Stewart to the front, with A. Borrowman a good 2nd, and Mr. A. Hay, Linlith- gow, 3rd. The best twelve fancies placed C. Dal- garne 1st, with A. Borrowman 2nd, and R. Stewart3rd. The best six fancies placed R. Stewart in the 1st position, Borrowman being 2nd, and A. Reid 3rd. The best twelve bunches of bedding Violas were put up by A. Gilchrist, the 2nd by Mr. J. Baxter, Daldowie, and the 3rd by A. Hay. Amateurs' Classes were keenly contested, and made up a very large section of the show, no fewer than nine competitors entering the lists in some of the larger classes. Messrs. Storrie, Lenzie ; Ross, Lau- rencekirk ; Kay, Gargunnock ; McKenzie, Gargun- nock ; Kemp, Motherwell ; T. Ritchie, Penicuick ; Captain King, Lennoxtown ; and Prater, Linlith- gow, were the principal prize-takers in the several classes. In the classes open to gardeners and amateurs, C. Dalgarne, A. Borrowman, W. Frater, T. Ritchie, A. Kemp, and G. Ross were the successful competitors. Open Clctsses formed the chief feature of the show, but space forbids doing more than name the class and the winners. The Gold Medal for the best twenty-four seedling fancy Pansies (owned by the competitor, including those put into commerce by him in 1890), A. Irvine. The best twenty- four fancy Pansies, dissimilar, John Smaillie. Nine show and nine fancy Pansies, dissimilar, A. Lister. Six seedling Violas, in bunches of three blooms each, J. Baxter. Six bunches bedding Violas, not less than nine blooms each, Dicksons & Co. Three seedling show Pansies, and three seedling fancy Pansies, dissimilar, J. Smaillie. Six seedling fancy Pansies, A. Irvine. Three blooms F. P. Donald Morrison, J. Smaillie. Three blooms Mrs. Freeland.Mr. Robt. White, Bath- gate. Three blooms Campbell Bannerman, James Mosman, Donibristle. Three blooms Alex. Smith, and three blooms Wm. Ross, M. Campbell. Three blooms Mrs. Browell, C. Kay. Six show and six fancy dissimilar, J. Smaillie. The best show Pansy in the Hall (Wm. Fulton), Mr. J. S. Ritchie, Denny. The best fancy Pansy in the Hall (M. A. Scott). Mr. A. Bailey, Sunderland. The best dark self show (Wm. Fulton), J. S. Ritchie. The best white self (Miss Kay), C. Kay. The best yellow self (Maggie Thomson), J. McKenzie. The best yellow ground, A. Borrowman. The best white ground (Lady Seafield), J. Beatson, Alva. Ladies exhibits and competition for decorative designs for rooms, &c, in which Violas and Pansies alone formed the floral elements, were very bright and attractive. — Miss McKinnon, Viewforth ; Miss Jane Greive, Pilrig Cottage; Mrs. R. Laird; Miss Bessie Lee, Liberton Mains ; Miss Ruby Laird, Pink Hill ; and Miss Iiettie King, Glazertbank, were the successful competitors. First-class Certificates were awarded to the follow- ing:— A.Bailey. Sunderland, forF\P. Robt. Paterson ; A. Irvine, for F. P. David Rennie and F. P. Agnes Mabel ; A. Lister, for F. P. Wm. Steel; Dicksons & Co., for white ground Mrs. Dick ; Captain King, for Anna King Viola ; J. Baxter, for Goldfinch Viola ; J. S. Ritchie Dennie, for white self unnamed ; and to M. Campbell, for yellow ground Andrew Brown. The President's prize — a barometer — to the com- petitor who took the largest number of prizes offered by the Society, was awarded to A. Borrowman. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. June 12.— The Society held its second summer meeting this evening, at the Royal Botanic Garden, under the presidency of Mr. Lindsay. Mr. George W. Traill presented an elaborate mono- graph on " The Marine Alga; of Orkney," while Mr. Philip Sewell sent " Observations upon the Germi- nation and Growth of Species of Salvia in Mr. Ilan- bury's Garden at La Mortola, Italy.'' Dr. David Christison communicated the notes on tree-measure- ments made by Mr. Hall at San Jorge, Uruguay, monthly, from January 12, 188"), to January 12, 1890. Mr. Lindsay exhibited heterophyllous varie- ties of Quercus Ilex, sent by Captain Dundas, of Auchtertyre, which looked externally different species, though in reality one. The following plants, in flower, were exhibited from the Royal Botanic Garden ; — Hippeastrum solandrreflorum, Streptocarpus Dunnii, Ramondia pyrer.aica, Saxifraga nepalensis, S. McNabiana, S. rriutata, Cheiranthus Allionii, Dianthus glacialis, Heuchera sanguinea, Celsia cretica, Leontopodium alpinum. Ranunculus bilobus, Onosmataurica, Erinus hispanicus, Genista pilosa, and Accras anthropo- phora. Mr. John Campbell, Ledaig, Argyllshire, sent cut blooms of Olearia argophylla and Cytisus fragrans from the open, and fruit of Black Prince Strawberry. Cytisus Adami, from Hopetoun House, exhibited by Dr. MacFarlane. Report of Success of Vegetation at Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, for May, 1890. By R. Lindsay, Curator. — The past month has been one of the most favourable experienced for some years. No actual frost occurred, which is somewhat unusual for May. Vegetation made rapid progress, and in the absence of frost or severe winds, has gone on advancing in the most satisfactory manner. The foliage of most of the ordinary deciduous trees and shrubs is now in perfect condition, being very luxuriant and healthy. The flowering of nearly all kinds of ornamental trees and shrubs is far above the average this year. Nothing could well exceed the richness and profu- sion of blossoms displayed by the various varieties of Hawthorn, which were in full flower by the end of the month, and thus for once justifying the name of Mayflower. Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Horse Chestnut, Laburnum, and the various species of Pyrus and Prunuswere remarkably fine and effective. Holly is flowering very freely, giving promise of a good crop of berries this year. Early flowering her- baceous and bulbous plants have developed abundance of fruit, particularly Hellebores, Scillas, and Cory- dalis, the capsules of which are already ripe, and contain good seed. The lowest night temperature registered at the garden was 33°, which occurred on the 31st of the month. Other low readings were registered on the 2nd, 38° ; 14th, 36° ; 27th, 34° ; 28th, 37°. The lowest day temperature was 48° on the 10th, and the highest, 71°, on the 28th of the month. The rock garden was quite brilliant during the month, 365 species and varieties came into flower, while a large proportion of those that began to flower during the previous month were still in good condition. Record of Temperature, Veyetation, d/c, at the Botanic Garden, Glasgow, May, 1890. By R. A. Bul- Icn, Curator. — The month as a whole was fine and favourable for garden work of all kinds. No frost was registered during the month, the lowest reading was 37° during the night of the 30th, consequently vegetation has grown steadily on, and the foliage of the early leafing trees is very fine. Although the mean night temperature of the month closely corres- ponds with that recorded for May last year, the day readings were much lower, particularly in the sun. Considerably the highest day readings in the shade were G8° and 67° on the 23rd and 24th, the highest in the sun was 86° on the 23rd. The numerous cool nights and sunless days had the effect of keeping late-leafing trees, such as the Ash, in a backward state, and all kinds of trees are prolific of bloom. Great numbers of hardy herbaceous plants are early in bloom, but annuals are very backward. The Weather. [By the term " accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below A'l-1 Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying \° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Six. ~ a ACCUMULATE! 1. a C5 D o a. 3 k 3 3 • .8 3 33 u 1 9 ~ 0 JSoo s I. 2> a) W 'J a D a 0 * 'J .go £"?;:= 'S f is sis 55 B I possible the week. 1 possible Jan. 1, 18 05 3 o ai S 0-m o °0 '3 a "8 a entage o tion for entage o on since 3S < a < pq ■ a g Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. 88 0 + 55- 73 2 + 110 23.8 28 31 8 2 — 104 0 + 59— 81 0 av. 101 14.7 28 29 9 1 — 112 0 4- 16 + 12 1 + 104 17.3 38 35 10 3 — 92 0 + 35 — 55 2 + 116 15.1 26 31 11 2 — 101 0 + 46 — 14 2 + 117 21.2 28 33 12 1 — 111 0 -f 98-- 22 1 + 109 15.8 36 41 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following :— Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1 , Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Grating, S'c, Districts — 7, England, N.W.; 9, England, S.W, 11, Ireland, S.; 12, Channel Islands. Scotland, W. ; 8, 10, Ireland, X. ; July 5. 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 25 THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending June 28, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather was fair at many of our southern and eastern stations during the first few days of the period ; but unsettled and showery in the west and north. As the week advanced, the rainy conditions extended to all parts of the kingdom, and became more pro- nounced. During the 24th to 26th a thick wet fog was experienced at nearly all the Channel stations. Thunderstorms occurred in many parts of England on the 27th or 28th, as well as at some ot the Scotch stations. " The temperature has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit having ranged from 1° in most of the English districts to 2° in Scotland, and 2° or 3° in Ireland. The highest of the maxima were regis- gered in most districts either on the 24th or 25th, when the thermometer rose to 77° in ' England, E., and S.,' to 75° in the ' Midland Counties,' and ' England, S.W.,' and to between 67° and 74° in most other districts. During the greater part of the week the daily maxima were very low for the time of year. The lowest of the minima were recorded in most places during the latter part of the week, and ranged from 36° in ' Scotland, E., and W.,' to 45° in ' England, S.' and to 49° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been less than the mean in ' England, N.E.,' and has only equalled it in the ' Midland Counties,' and ' England, N.W. ; ' in all other parts of the kingdom the normal amount has been exceeded. " Bright sunshine has again been very little pre- valent, the percentage of the possible amount having ranged from 25 in ' Scotland. N., and ' Engand, N.E.,' to 36 in the ' Channel Islands,' 37 in ' Scotland, E ,' and 38 in ' England, E ,' and •England, S.W.'" AZALEA ODOEATA. Among the many Azaleas and Rhododendrons that have attracted us during the past few weeks, there is one worthy of special note because of its comparative rarity, and the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. The one I allude to is that known under the various names of A. odorata, A. fragrans, Rhododendron azaleoides, and R. ponticum sub- deciduum. All these names are given to it in gardens and nurseries, but th ; one by which it seems to be most generally known is A. odorata. It is an old plant, and Loudon states, in the second edition of his Arboretum, that it originated about the year 1820 ; also that it is a hybrid between Rhodo- dendron ponticum and some species of Azalea with fragrant blossoms. There is, I think, no doubt about its hybrid origin, as the characters of its alleged parents are plainly indicated. Some varieties of it most resemble R. ponticum, by the broad, deep green foliage and deeper purple blossoms ; while others, by the semi-deciduous character of the pale green foliage and the pale flowers, seem to have more affinity with the deciduous Azaleas. I have just had a good opportunity of examining the varieties, through the kindness of Mr. Noble, of Sunningdale, who has sent me specimens of each of the forms of the shrub he grows in his nursery collection. In all the forms the flowers are strongly fragrant, but they vary a good deal in the colour of the flowers, and in the texture as well as the depth of green of the foliage. One has flowers so much like the ordinary R. ponticum, as to be scarcely distin- guishable except by its fragrance and the thinner leaves, but there is a great difference between this dark form and the lightest coloured, which is very beautiful. The flowers are white, with the petals broadly margined with a delicate rose-pink, while the foliage is pale green above, slightly glaucous beneath, and very much thinner than that of R. ponticum or the dark variety. This pale form is the one I should like to see become more popular, and it will flourish anywhere where other Azaleas will. There was a great mass of it in full bloom in the geometrical shrub garden on the west side of the Palm-house at Kew, and the fragrance of it and the delicate colour was most attractive to visitors. It begins to flower after the full flush of the Ghent Azaleas is past, which is an advantage, and it continues for a long time in beauty. It is not so dense a growth as R. ponticum, and though it is not perfectly deciduous, it drops some cf its leaves, and becomes thin in growth in winter. To enjoy its beauty it should not be associated with either the fine hybrid Rhododendrons or the more brilliant-hued Azaleas, but should be grouped in a quiet spot by itself either in a mass or combined with such a ehrub as Andro- meda speciosa. At Kew the scarlet Lilium pom- ponium rises out of the mass, which has a pretty effect, though it is too violent a contrast to be quite pleasing. It is one of the shrubs you often see in the great Rhododendron nurseries, but seldom in private gardens, and that is why, I think, attention Bhould be drawn to it. W. Goldring. ©intuarg. Mr. George Deal.— It is with very great regret that we announce the death, on the 30th ult., of Mr. George Deal, in his fifty-seventh year. Mr. Deal had for many years been connected with the well-known firm of John Weeks & Co., horticultural builders and hot-water engineers of Chelsea, and for the last twenty-two years had been one of the partners in the firm. Mr. Deal, by his un- flagging energy and skill, had largely extended the business, and was the author of numerous improvements in hot-water arrangements. But these are matters of business, in which he was working in his own interest. He will be longest known for the earnest manner in which he threw himself into the business of founding and subsequently of managing the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. Here his business talents, his genial dispo- sition, and his desire to do good, had full scope, and his loss must prove a severe blow to the young Institution, which he had the satisfaction of seeing through the initial stages, and well on the road to a successful and beneficent future. Mr. Deal also gave valuable assistance in the reha- bilitation of the Royal Horticultural Society, con- sequent upon the eviction of the Society from South Kensington ; and his business capabilities, kindli- ness of manner, and tact, led us to hope that his services to horticulture might be extended in the future ; but it has been willed otherwise. Mr. Deal was seized with an apoplectic attack on April 9 on the platform of the railway station, and although he rallied for a time, he at last succumbed. The funeral takes place this day at Woking, the train leaving Waterloo at 11 45. F. N. DANCER. — We also regret to have to re- cord the death of Mr. Francis N. Dancer, in his 75th yeai, which occurred at Gordon Read, Ealing, on June 29. Mr. Dancer, who has been ill for a con- siderable time, was some few years ago a well-known member of the Royal Horticultural Societies Fruit Committees ; he was formerly in business as a market gardener at Chiswick, and was one of the leading members of that trade in Middlesex. Variorum. Biographical Index of British and Irish BOTANISTS. — From the list of those published in the Journal of Botany for May, we extract the following as being interesting to horticulturists : — "Plomlet, Francis (1805?-1860) : d. Maidstone, Jan. 9, 1860. F.L.S., 1845. Lectured on Botany to Weald of Kent Farmers' Club, 1849-51. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1560-61, xlii. "Plot, Rodeet (1640-1696): b. Sutton Baron, Borden, Kent, 1640; d. same place, April 30, 1696; bur. Borden. B.A., Oxon. 1661. M.A., 1664. D.C.L., 1671. F.RS, 1677; Sec, 1682. First Keeper of Ashmolean Museum, 16S3. Mowbray Herald, 1695. 'Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire,' 1677. Nat. Hist, of Staffordshire,' 1679. Plants in Hb. Sloane, cxiii. Pult. i., 350; Jacks., 592; Nich. Anec, ix., 547 ; Gent. Mag., lxv., 1089 ; Lhwyd's ' Nat. Hist.,' ed. 2 ; Hasted, ' History of Kent '; Allibone ; Chalmers; Hoefer; Rose; Michaud. Oil portr. in Bodleian Gallery. Engr. in Hope Collection. Portr. in ' Oxford Almanac,' 1749. Plotia Adans. = Myrsina. "Pldkenet, Leonard (1612-1700): b. Jan. 1642; d. Westminster, July 6, 1706 ; bur. Chancel of St. Margaret's, Westminster. M.D. Had a bot. garden at Old Palace Yard, Westminster. Queen's botanist to Mary II. Supervisor, Hampton Court Garden. ' Phytographia,' 1691. ' Almagestum,' 1696. 'Man- tissa,' 1700. ' Amaltheum,' 1705. MS. in Bibl. Linn. Soc. (?). Herbarium of 8000 Plants in Herb.' Sloane. Had a farm at Horn Hill, Herts. Trans. Watford Soc. i. (1875), 23; Pult. ii. 18; Rees ; Pritz. 249; Jacks. 593; Journ. Bot. 1882,338; Fl. Midd. 374 ; Hoefer ; Michaud. Portr. engr. Collins, 1690, in ' Phytographia.' Plutcenetia Plumier. " Potts, John (d. 1822) : d. London ? Oct., 1822. Collector for Hort. Soc. in China (1821) and Bengal. Trans. Hort. Soc. v. iii. 427 ; vii. 25. Pottsia Br. " Preston, George (8. 1710-1716). Superin- tendent, Edinburgh Garden, until 1716. ' Catalogus omnium Plantarum, &c.,' 1710. ' An indefatigable botanist,' Blair, Bot. Essays, pref. Misc. Essays, 101 ; Pult. ii. 9; Jacks. 411. " Purdie, William (d. 1857) : d. Trinidad, Oct. 10, 1857. Kew Collector in Trop. America and W. Indies. Journal in Journ. Bot. 1844 5. Curator, Bot. Gard. Trinidad. 1846. Journ. Bot. 1817, 40; Gard. Chron. 1857, 792 ; R. S. C. v. 43. Plants at Kew. Purdiira Planch." ARKETS, CO VEST GARDEX, July 3. Supplies of Strawberries are abundant, and fruit large generally. Cherries are coming in in quan- tity, also Peaches and hothouse Grapes ; business was fairly good. Janus Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Apples, $-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — Tasmanian.caselo 0-20 0 Grapes, lb. ... 1 6-3 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Melons, each ... 1 6 3 6 s. d. s. d. Peaches, dozen. ... 2 0-10 0 Pine-app es, St. Mi- chael, each ... 2 0 6 n Strawberries, lb. ... 0 4-10 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Asparagus, English, per 100 12 0- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch.,. 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle ...16-2 0 Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- 1 6 Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Li.-t:tu<'i's.Derdozeu... 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... Mustard and CresS: punnet 0 Onions, per bunch ... 0 Parsley, per bunch... 0 Rhubarb, per bundle 0 Seakale, punnet ... 2 s.ds. d. Shallots, per lb. Spinach per bushel... Sprue, per bundle ... Brussel Sprouts. pr lb. Toniatos, per lb. ... Turnips, p..-r bunch, new 4- ... 6- ... 6- ... 6- ... 0- ... 6- ... 0- ... 6- ... 3- ... 0- ... 0 4- Potatos, New.— Disease in the supplies from Jersey was very common during the last week, which would account for the low prices that have ruled. For sound samples, the ten- dency is upward. Best samples of Kidney. Jersey and French, 7s. ; Rounds, bs.; English Kidneys, 10s. to 14s. /. B. Thomas. Plants is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralia Eieboldi, doz. 6 0-18 0 Arum Lilies, perdoz. 8 0-12 0 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 0 42 0 — speci. plants, each 7 6-10 6 Begonias, per doz. ... 6 0-18 0 Cactus, per doz. ... 4 0-12 0 Calceolaria, p. doz.... 6 0-90 Cyperus, per dozen... 4 0-12 0 D.aca?na tenniuulis, par dozen .30 0-60 0 — viridis, per doz 12 0 24 0 Erica Cavendishii. per dozen 18 0-43 0 Euouymus, in var., per dozen 6 0 18 0 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 0-24 0 Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 o Ferns, in var., doz 4 0-18 0 Ficus elastica, each 16-70 s. d. s. d. Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 4 0- 9 0 Heliotrope, per doz. 5 0-80 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 Ivy Geranium, p. doz. 3 0-60 Liliums, various, per dozen 18 0-3-> 0 Lobelia, per doz. ... 4 0- 6 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Mignonette, per doz. 4 0-80 Musk, per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0 Nasturtiums, p. doz. 4 0-60 Palms in var.. each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 3 0-60 — per doz 9 0-18 0 Petunias, per doz. ... 6 0- 9 0 Roses, various, doz. 12 0-24 0 — (Fairy), per doz. 6 0-90 Saxifrages, per doz. IS 0-24 0 %* BeddiDg plants in variety in boxes, and also in pots. 26 THE GAR DENE RS' CHRONICLE. [July 5, 1890. Cut Flowers. -Average Wholesale Prices. Pinks, various, 12 bn. 2 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12spr 0 — dozen sprays... 0 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 PteODies, 12 bunches 6 Pansy, or Heartsease, 12 bunches ... 1 Poppies, various, doz. bunches 1 Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 3 Roses. Tea, per doz. 0 — coloured, - dozen 2 — red, per 12 bun. 2 — Safrano, dozen... 1 — outdoor, 12 bun. 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 1 Sultan, 12 bunches... 3 Tuberoses 12blms.... 0 Abutilons, 12 bun. ... Bouvardias, per bun. Callaeethiopiea,12bl. Carnations, 12 blms. — 12 bunches Cornflower. 12 bun. . Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias, 12 blooms Iris, various, 12 bun. Ixii, doz. bunches ... Heliotropes, 12 spr. Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. Lilium, var., 12bl.... Maiden Hair Fern, do Marguerites, 12 bun. Mignonette, 12 bun. — French, per bun. Myosotis or Forget- me-nots, 12 bun. ... Narcissus, various, doz. bun s.d.s.d. 2 0-40 0 6-10 3 0-50 10-20 4 0-60 16-30 2 0-30 4 0-60 16-30 6 0-1S 0 3 0-60 0 6-10 4 0-60 0 6-40 4 0-90 3 0-60 2 0-40 16-20 2 0-40 16-60 d. s. d. 0-4 0 4-0 6 6- 1 0 0-16 0-18 0 0-2 0 6-4 0 0-6 0 6- 1 6 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 6- 1 0 6-3 0 0-4 0 6- 1 0 Orchid-bloom in variety. SEEDS. London : July 2. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report that offers of French Trifolium, fair average quality, of this year's growth, are now coming to hand, and at moderate rates. For Clover seeds, as is usual at this season, the market continues stagnant. Just now the sale for bird-seeds is small. Sowing Mus- tard and Rape seed keep steady. Choice large blue Peas have got into narrow compass. Very low rates prevail for Haricot Beans. Feeding Linseed is unchanged. CORN. Average*. — Official statement of the average price of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending June 28 : — Wheat, 32s. Sd. ; Barley, 26s. ; Oats, 19s. Gd. For the corresponding period last year:— Wheat, 27s. llo!.; Barley, 19s. 11a!.; Oats, 16?. lid. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: July 2.— Good supply of fruit ; demand good. Fair supplies of fresh vegetables, new Potatos, &c. ; trade moderately brisk at prices as under : — Fruit : Gooseberries, 3s. '.id. to 4s. per half- sieve ; Cherries, 3s. to 6s. do. ; Black Currants, 5s. to 8s. do. : Strawberries, 3s. 6a!. to 5s. per peck ; Eng- lish Tomatos, 5s. to 8s. per peck of about 12 lb. ; foreign do., Is. to Is. Gd. per box. Vegetables : Cab- bages, 2s. 6d. to 5s. per tally ; Asparagus, 9a!. to Is. 3a!. per bundle of 100 heads ; Seakale, Is. to Is. 6o!. per punnet ; Spinach, Is. to Is. Gd. per bushel ; Peas, Is. 6a!. to 3s. per bushel ; do., 3s. to 5s. per sack ; Cauliflowers, 2s. to 4s. per dozen ; Cos Let- tuces, &d. to 10«\ per score ; Cabbage do., id. to 6o!. per dozen ; Mustard and Cress, Is. 6a!. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Endive, Is. to Is. 6a!. per dozen ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. 3d. per bundle; Rhubarb, Is. 6a!. to 2s. 6a!. per dozen bundles; frame Cucumbers, Is. 6a!. to 3s. per dozen; natural, ditto, 6a!. to Is. Gil. do. ; Radishes, 3s. to 4s. per tally ; Turnips, 2s. 6a!. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, 2s. Gd. to 3s. 6o!. do. ; Parsley, 2s. 6o!. to 3s. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to 2s. per dozen bundles ; spring Onions, 2s. 6a!. to 3s. 6a!. per dozen bunches ; Egyptian do., 5s. to 5s. Gd. per cwt. POTATOS. Enquiries. " He that questioneth much shall learn much."— Bacom. A Japan Peach. — In our Peach-house we have a " Japan Peach,'' which blooms and sets its fruit well every year, but I cannot get more than two or three fruits to swell off, and those, before they are properly ripe, crack across the centre, and in a few days would, of course, go rotten ; they shrivel up on the tree, in the manner of the one sent to you, and do not drop off, as other varieties would do, previous to stoning. As it is a novelty with my employer, who had it direct from Japan, and is every year anxious to know if we have got any fruit on the " Japan Peach," I have given it special and personal attention. I have given it more water than the other varieties in the same house. In another season I have tried it with less, and again treated it precisely the same as the others, but with always the same result; the others all do well, but this one puzzles me. Do you know the variety, and is it worth cultivation ? If it is, it is strange that I have never met with it before elsewhere. A. G. L. Borough asd Spitalfields: July 1. — New: Jersey and French Flukes and Kidneys, 120s. to 140s. ; do. Rounds, 100s. ; Myatts', 160s. to 180s. ; Hebrons, 100s. to 120s. per ton. Old: Magnums, 60s. to 80s. ; Lincolns, 60s. ; Essex and Kent, 50s. to 55s. per ton. Spitalfields : July 2. — Quotations : — New : Jersey rounds, 5s.; do. kidneys, 6s. to 6s. 6o!. ; do. flukes, 7s. to 7s. 6o!. ; Cherbourg rounds, 4s. Gd. to5s. ; do. kidneys, 5s. to 5s. 6«!. ; do. flukes, 6s. to 6s. 6o!. ; St. Malo rounds, 4s. to 5s.; do. kidneys, 5s. to 8s. 6o!. ; Lisbon rounds, 3s. to 4s. per cwt. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 75s. to 92s. ; inferior do., 40s. to 75s. ; hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; inferior do., 26s. to 60s.; and straw, 20s. to 3Ss. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, fyc, are solicited. Aristolochia elegans : J. C. Plant out in a large pot, with the hole at the bottom made large, and place on a border of sandy loam and leaf-mould in an intermediate house. The compost used in the pot may be like that of the border. Asters— Bulbs : F. C. T. We cannot recommend nurserymen; but Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co , 4, Quai de la Megisserie, Paris, would probably answer your first question ; and Dr. Van Hall, editor of the Neederlandsche Tuinboub/ad, Arn- hem, your second. Cotyledon umbilicus : J. L. In the Students' Flora, the locality is given as " rocks and walls, espe- cially on the west coasts from Argyll southwards ; ascending to 1000 feet in Wales; throughout Ireland ; " so it cannot be called rare. It belongs to the N. O. Crassulaceie. Crocking Pots: Enquirer. The piece chosen to cover the hole or holes in the bottom of a flower- pot should be placed with its concave side down- wards— and it is only concave pieces that should be employed for this purpose, so that the passage of water beneath it may not be impeded. As a rule, the gardener puts too many crocks into pots which are to hold plants for a few months only, or till again repotted. The plants are thereby robbed of a considerable body of nutritive mate- rial, and frequent watering, with its consequent impoverishment of the soil, becomes a necessity. Where plants have to stand one year or more in the same pots, the crocking should be well done, and adapted to their particular requirements. Siftings from soil with fibre in it should be placed over the crocks, in depth from 1 to 4 inches, accordingly as the pots are small or large, and the soil made compact by pressure, and the sandier it is, the greater the degree of compactness. Evergreen Rose : B. F. M. W. Please send speci- men for identification. Garden Labour: T. B. Nothing less than eight men would give satisfactory results, and three of these ought to be voung men with some amount of knowledge of forcing fruits and flowers, flower garden work, and the general care of plants in pots. Holly : J. P. The leaves are apparently attacked by the larva of some sawfly. House for Lomaria, Pteris, tec., and Odontoglos- sum crispum and O. Rossii : Lomaria. Both classes of plants will do well together in the same house, but kept apart. The width of house need not be more than 10 feet, and the height to apex 8 feet. The Odontoglossums, &c, grow best in houses where they are brought up almost close to the roof, and the Ferns in such houses are not drawn. Gravel or spar is best for the paths and stages. The piping a little in excess of what is suitable for a greenhouse would answer the purpose. To avoid trouble with local authorities, it is best to inform the surveyor of the erection of buildings, at least, in urban and suburban localities. India-rubber Imports into the U.S.A. : Kay. The Consul in London for the U.S.A. might be able to give you the information. Tropical Agricul- turist of Colombo may be found at the British Museum Library. Insects: W. if. The creatures infesting the Straw- berries are specimens of Julus guttatus, one of the false wire-worms ; they are quite common. Lilies Dying Off: J.Sherlock. In the absence of the insect we cannot say what it is. Please send specimens, also of the Lilies affected. It may turn out to be the Lily-disease, and the insects you have perceived merely feed on the decaying plants. Melons : W. B. Your plants are attacked by a fungus, which we should like to ascertain more about. Please send a fresh specimen by post. We fear there is no help. Clear out the plants and soil, lime-wash the pit, and clean every part thoroughly, making a new start. Afford as much ventilation to the new plants as is advisable. Melon Roots: G. W. The roots are affected terribly with the root-worm, so often figured and described in our columns. You should burn the roots, turn out the old soil, and begin afresh. Moss in Lawns : W. if. It is usually present owing to the impoverishment of the soil by removing all of the grass mowings, and non-manuring, or from want of proper drainage the ground becoming soured and cold, and unfit for the growth of grasses. If impoverishment is the cause, dressing in winter with farmyard manure in a decayed con- dition is a good remedy, letting it lay on the ground till the grass begins to grow, when it must be raked off. A compost made of loam and wood- ashes, in the proportion of six of the former to one of the latter, is a good dressing, and will extirpate moss in one season. Burnt earth is another capital dressing, especially for lawns that " burn " in dry weather. If mossiness is due to a wet soil, the remedy is to be found in thoroughly draining it by means of pipe-drains if there are no trees and shrubs, otherwise with rubble drains. In any case, one or two of the dressings should be applied afterwards. All of the above operations can only be done, in ordinary cases, in winter and early spring. Names of Plants: Adolesccns. 1, Trachelium plena alba ; 2, Campanula latifolia var. Houttei x ; 3, C. latiloba; 4, C. glomerata; 5, C. g. alba ; 6, C. persicifolia ; 7, C. garganica hirsuta ; 8, C. rhom- boidalis. — A. B.C. 1, Helianthemum mutabiles; 2, H. m„ semi-double form ; 3, Tradescantia vir- ginica, claret-red var.— W. if. 1, Circeia lute- tiana; 2, Prunella grandiflora; 3, Prunella vul- garis ; 4, Lepidium Draba ; 5, not found ; 6, Fu- maria officinalis.— J. M. Rhododendron ferru- gineum. — J. C. The flower appears to be Jas- minum Sambac, double-flowered variety. The cutting seems something different. — Holyport. Schubertia grandiflora.— J. M. Iris lusitanica probably. — T. W.B. Lathyrus magellanicus, Lord Anson's Pea. — S. H. The berries are those of Nertera depressa. — C. W.D. Anthericum Liliago, St. Bernard's Lily.— P. J. 1, not found ; 2, Tra- descantia virginica ; 3, Campanula glomerata; 4, Spiraea Ulmaria, double- flowered ; 5, Helenium Hoopesi ; 6, Centaurea montana ; 7, Campanula persicifolia alba ; 8, Geranium prateuse ; 9, Aris- tolochia clematitis; 10, Dicentraeximia. Another time, please not to send more than six specimens. Our time is precious.— J. W. Dipladenia hybrida. — Camjee. Phylodota articulata, Dendrobium cal- ceolus, Aspidium Molle. The dotted leaf is pro- baby a Gordonia. — E. Pearce. Eucomis punctata. — A. Norton. Eryngium giganteum. — G. P. B. Not a Cistus. Carpenteria californica, illustrated by us July 24, 1886, p. 113.— M. P. 1, Orchis maculata ; 2, Sempervivum tortuosum variega- tum. — C. IV. Bod. 1, Phyteuma serratum ? ; 2, P. orbiculare ; 3, P. betonietufolium.— .V. T. M. Erigeron speciosus. — T. Wakcford. Mesembryan- themum barbatum ? No flower.— G. B. I, Saxi- fraga geum ; 2, S. Andrewsii ; 3, Jasminum humile ; 4, Veronica cataractie var. ; 5, Spira canescens ; 6, Sisyrinchium striatum. — W.H. Tri- folium repens. It will do as well as auy other plant for Shamrock.— H. K An exceptionally fine variety of Cattleya gigas. Peaches : G. H. The leaves look as if they had July 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 been syringed when the sun was shining directly on them. Plake Leaves : D. P. Without knowing the cir- cumstances, we can only guess at the cause of mischief, but we can find neither fungus nor insect. The leaves have the appearance as if they had been subjected to some corrosive gas. Are there brick-fields near ? It may be the result of spring frost or excessive radiation actin» on wet leaves, Polemonium : C. A. il/. C. There is no species of Folemonium with blue pollen grains, so far as our information goes. Froliferous Pink: W, B. A proliferous condition is not uncommon in Pinks. Showing Vegetables: E. C. For six you might put up the following, but much would depend on the prepossessions of the judges : — Tomatos, Potato?, Onions, Peas', Cauliflowers, and Carrots. In making this selection, general usefulness has been kept in view. For a collection of ten, all of the above-mentioned kinds, and adding French Beans, Marrows, Turnips, and Mushrooms. In your list you place Cucumbers, but this is an article of salad, rather than a culinary vegetable. Tomatos Undee Glass : An Old Subscriber. Such cutting away of foliage as was practised by your friend's friend should not be tolerated by any man who is looking forward to getting a crop of fine, well-flavoured fruits in succession. Some cutting away must be done, and that which you afforded as an example of it ought to satisfy any reason- able cultivator. Out-of-doors it is different, and severity is desirable. Vines: C. B. The leaves have been infested with red-spider, now all departed ; and with wart9 arising from a too damp and ill-ventilated an atmosphere, and which were green, but have turned brown by age, or the application of the sulphur. The white substance is either fine sulphur grains, or the powder found on some Vine leaves. Vines Breaking on Laterals that were Stopped : A. W. D. The Vines, having so great vigour, would naturally find an outlet for it elsewhere when you bad cut off half or more of each lateral shoot. The stopping was too severe, and to avoid the further breaking of basal buds, more foliage and shoots should be left on the Vines. White Carnation : A. G. It is the most beautiful white-flowered Carnation of which we have any acquaintance, and ought to be classed among show instead of border flowers. The form is very good, being an almost continuous circle ; petals nu- merous, but not crowded, good in shape, smooth at the edge, and the white of the purest. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Reid & Bornemann. Trewsbury Road, Sydenham. London, S.E. — Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums, Fuchsias, &c. G. II. North, Wood Lane, Binfield, Berks — Dahlias, Asters, Helianthus, &c. Communications Received. — E. G.— N. E. Br.— C. H — F. W. B., Dublin.— K. A. R — S. M.— G. H.— T. E. H.— E. C. — W. E. G.— H E.— C. B. P.— D., New York.— A. O.— M. H. — K. G.— Mesirs. J. Veitch & Sons.— W. K.— J. J. W.— W. F. — F. W. F.— R. N.— G. Darby (next week).— W. H.— N. T. — W. C— H. H. W.— J. O'B.— J. J. W.— N. E. B.— E. B.— 1). T. F.— R. D.— W. S.— J. E. DIED, on June 22, Joseph Treurn, aged seventy- two, for many years with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Which Cattleya has the Largest Flowers ?— 1 have a spike of Cattleya Sanderiana bearing live enormous blossoms, cut and given to me by R. II. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, from a plant in his collection, the individual flowers of which measure 10 inches across the petals, and 3 inches across the lip. The sepals and petals are broad, of a deep rose-colour, and the lip is of a fiery maroon-crimson hue, shading at the margin to rose, while the central area, where it is folded over, is of an unusually rich colour — deep yellow towards the centre of the throat, gradually changing towards the margins to a whitish-yellow. This plant is worthy of record as probably the finest variety existing. Enquirer. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., FarnborouKh, Hants. iliiitil SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace Rose Show, 1889, after 15 Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Scottish Horticultural Association, 1S89. Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says :— " We were so satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we have used it absolutely, and have every confidence in recommending it." Mr. R. Irwin Lynch, Curator, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says : — " There can be no question with regard to its efficacy." Prices : — In 1 and 2-gal. tins, 2s. per gal. (tins included) ; in 5-gal. drums. Is. 6d. per gal. ; 10 and 15- gal. Drums, Is. 4d. per gal. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. jgp3 Csed in the proportion of One Gallon to 25 Gallons of Water. TO BE HAD OF ALL NURSERYMEN AND SEEDSMEN. To prevent disappointment, insist upon having the " ACME." Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE ACRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, TUNBRIDGE. KENT; and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire. Agents in Ireland. — W. DkI'Mmond &SONS. 58, Dawson St., Dublin; Walter Carson & SONS, 21, Bachelor's Walk. Dublin; Alex. Dickson & Soxs. 55. Royal Avenue, Belfast; McKexzie & Sons. Limited. Agricultural House. Camden Quay, Cork. London, Wholesale Agents : — Messrs. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), Finsbury Street ; Messrs. HOOPER & CO. (Limited), Covent Garden. May also be had of Messrs. Harr & Sox. 13, King Street, Covent Garden ; Barclay & Suns (Limited), 95, Farrinirdun Street; Jas. Veitch & Sox, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea; and others. THE "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial sample post-free.) without which NONE IS GEXUINt Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, 2 0 0 Packing 2 10 0 Cases - 4 7 6 FREE. 3 10 0 5 17 6 PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet „ 4 feet „ 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 6 feet „ 5 feet „ 12 feet „ 5 feet „ Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY &. CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, ftc, 2, Holloway Road, N. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, "2 1. GOLDSMITH STREET, ~~ PBVRY LANE. W.C. Jdlt 5, 180O.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 29 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines 5 „ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 £0 0 0 0 0 17 „ .. 0 6 18 „ .. 0 0 19 „ .. 0 0 5 6 20 „ .. 0 0 6 0 21 „ .. 0 0 6 6 22 „ .. 0 0 7 0 23 „ .. 0 0 7 6 24 „ .. 0 0 8 0 25 „ .. 0 AXD SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be If set across three Columns the lowest charge will Page. £3; Half Page, £1 10s. ; Column. £3. 0 4 0 5 15 Lines 16 „ £0 0 8 6 9 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 6 20s. be 30s. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6(i. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o/Jices, as ail Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 61. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C . to W. RICHARDS. Pdblishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. LXIORT8CULTURAL WGRE AND WIRE GOODS FOR WREATHS, CROSSES, ANCHORS, CROWNS, STARS, HEARTS, LYRES, SHIELDS, 4C. ALL MADE OF GALVANIZED IRON WIRE IN THIS STYLE, AS cTIT 0 FOUNDATION FRAMES FOR FLORISTS. S3 BOUQUET FRAMES thus :— LEAD WIRE, IRON WERE in Coils and in straight lengths. TINNED IRON WIRE (Silver White) "STeiJlbeMEi Pins, &c. USED AND SOLD BY MANY LEADING FIRMS,; RECENT UNSOLICITED TESTIMONIAL, Romsey, Hants, Hay Cth, ISCO. Gentlemen, Wo are very much pleased -with t&a goods you have sent us, and shall in l'uturo cond all our orders to you (Signed) 3LCOIaBE J; CO-T. IU.i.Rt r...rnl Tut touageV D. F. TAYLER & CO., Liuma* WIRE MANUFACTURERS, BIRUIHGUAE?. Illustrated Lists to Florists and Seedsmen, free on f- -'*/■-' •. I To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Floritta. JBLACKBUKNandSUNS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lowerthan any other house in thetrade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, aud Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 6, Wormwcod Street, E.C. ENTERTAINMENTS Of every description provided. Reliable recherche Novelties. Special attractions for Flower Shows at reasonable terms. Baroness Btirdett-CouttV Head Gardener, J. Willahd. Esq.. says : — "Entertainment Rave greatest satisfaction ; as a proof of which. Mr. BurdettrCoutts took the entertainers for a ride at his horse show." COL. MEURICE, 20, BIDBORO' STREET, KING'S CROSS, W.C. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. rpiIE RAILWAY 1'ASSElNGERS' JL ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :— 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. W.^. MASSY. ^Secretarie9. Nearly Ready. 1 Vol., Demy budding and Stopping the Shoots. Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grap-j Conservatory at Chiswick, Vines on Open Walls. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects. Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The Classification of Grape Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes "JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171. FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. To be had also of A. F. BARRO.V, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. Demy Svo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth. Price 5s. ; Post-free, 5s. 6d. THE SYDNEY MAIL NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS — INTERCOLONIAL anil GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi- ally for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL. HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &e. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum. Single Copies. 6d. ; Stamped, "id. Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS fur the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:— London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand. Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Manchester... James and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street. EDINBURGH ... Robertson & Scott, IS, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Koyal Exchange Place flgp" Copies of each Journal are filed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers. 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 5, 1890. PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENTS. ♦ Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The 'Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Gardchron, London.'' Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their Copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in eases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint ). Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, Drurg Lane, London, If'.C. Nolo Ready, in. cloth, ] Is. Gd., " The Gardeners' Chronicle," Vol. VI., Third Series, July to Dec, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor. W. RICHARDS, Publisher, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, A MONTHLY RECORD OF INFORMATION FOR PLANTERS Of Tea, Cacao, Cinchona, Coffee, Tobacco, India-rubber, Sugar, Palms, Cotton, Cardamoms, Kola, Coca, Cinnamon, Nut- megs, Fibrous Plants, and other Products suited for Cultivation in the Tropics. Published at the Ceylon Observer Office. Colombo, Ceylon, on or about the 1st of each month. Commenced in June, 1881. The "Tkopical Agriculturist" has now an assured position in its large circulation in Ceylon, Southern and even Central and Northern India, the Straits Settlements, .Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Northern Australia, Queensland, Central America, Natal, Mauritius, and the West Indies. From all sub-tropical planting settlements we have had cordial approval of the publication and an encouraging measure of support. The English, Indian, and Colonial Press have spoken in commenda- tory terms of the T. A., as also Directors of Public Gardens from Sir Joseph Hooker, F.R.S., downwards, and so have all Planters. J3JT No Planter should be without it. Rates of Subscription, including Postage, in advance : For Ceylon, Rs. 12 per annum ; for Europe, India, &c, £l 6s., or Rs. 14 per annum. Single Copies, 2s., or III ; Back Copies, 3s., or R1.50. THE FIRST SEVEN VOLUMES (1881-82, 1882-83, 1883-8-1, 1884-85, 1885-813, 188(5-87, and 1887-88), are now ready, hand- somely hound and with exhaustive Indexes. These Volumes contain a vast fund of information for Planters. A few sets available of the whole series of seven vujutues are offered for Rs. 75, cash, with Estate's or Firm's Name stamped on each volume. Communications respecting Advertisements and Subscriptions for the ''Tropical Agriculturist" maybe addressed to — A. M. and J. FERGUSON, Observer Office, Colombo. J. HADDON and CO., 3, Bouverie Street, London, E.C. G. STREET and CO., 30, Cornhill. London, E.C. Or other Agents in all parts of the World. ADVERTISING TERMS. f^*1 For the Sale of Plants. Seeds, Machinery, Implements, &c, used in Tropical Agriculture, no better Advertising Medium exists. The following are our Terms for Contract Adver- tisements in THE TR OPICAL A GRICULTURIST. Full page for a year ... ,, ,, half year Half page for a year ... ,, ,, half year Quarter page for a year half year £ s. d. Rs. 14 0 0 200 8 0 0 120 8 0 0 120 5 0 0 70 5 0 0 70 3 0 0 45 The above terms are subject to a discount of 10 per cent, for cash with order. Special Terms for Cover Advertisements. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve- kich, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern- ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 105. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Gheut, Belgium. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. REVUE de l'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A. West- mael. and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month, in parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with two coloured Plates and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom: — One year, 14s. payable in advance. Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT Ghent. ^^ Works for the Possessors of Gardens. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price Is. ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price Is. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular explanation of the best Method of Culture. By William Earli:v. Price Is. stitched. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earlev. Price Is. stitched. HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c, &c. Crowu 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price 4s. tW. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, AND CO. (Limited), 9, Bouverie Street, E.C. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Press Guide,) ADVERTISING AGENTS. 162, PICCADILLY. London, W.. RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial, Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre- pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Special advantages to Large Advertisers. Established 1850. Only Address— 162, Piccadilly, London. W. Y~ OUNG~WOMEN who~~WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. WANTED, Man as PARTNER, with not less than £100, to Manage Small Nursery at Sidcup.— Apply, 87, High Road, Lee; or Kelsey Manor Gardens, Beckenham, Kent. THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL X i9 about to appoint a SUPERINTENDENT of PARKS anil OPEN SPACES, whose duty it will be to supervise and be responsible for the Management of all the Parks and Open Spaces (about 30O0 acres in extent), under the control of the Council, and of the staff employed in connection therewith. The person to be appointed will be required to be skilled in the Laying-out and Management of Parks, Gardens, and Open Spaces, and experienced in the control and direction of men. The salary attached to the office is £500 a year, but there will be no superannuation or pension. The Office will be held during the pleasure of the Council, and the holder of it will be required to give his whole time to the duties of his office, and will not be allowed to take any private business, to hold any other appointment, or to occupy any other paid position. Applications, stating age (which must not be less than 30 or more than 50 years), and containing particulars of the qualifi- cations and experience of the applicant, must, with Copies of recent Testimonials attached, be addressed to " The Clerk of the London County Council, Spring Gardens. S.W.," and be endorsed on the outside '* Superintendent of Parks and Open Spaces." They must be delivered here not later than Thurs- day, the 17th of July ; after which day no application will be received. Any application which does not contain all the par- ticulars above mentioned, or which in any other respect fails to comply with the terms of this advertisement, will not be laid before the Council. Personal canvassing is strictly prohibited, H. DE LA HOOKE, Clerk of the Council. Spring Gardens, S.W.— June 30, 1890. Head Working Gardener. WANTED, a good all-round MAN. Two others kept. Full particulars, age, married, no family preferred; last situation, wages expected. There is a lodge.— A. F. G., Elmslield, Hertford, Herts. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENEK, with a thorough knowledge of his Business in all its branches, including Orchid-houses and Orchid*. Under Gardener kept and partial services of a farm labourer given. Write ODly. Fiist-rate character for sobriety and elficiency required. Small house for bachelor on the premises, and coals given with wages.— COL. TILLOTSON, Silkmore, Stafford. WANTED, a thoroughly capable hardworking GARDENER, to Manage Seed Trial Grounds of 4* acres, with a little glass, where a great variety of Vegetables have to be grown to perfection; also Flowers and Bulbs. A young man Dot over 30 years of age preferred ; trustworthy and ex- perienced.— Apply by letter, with full particulars in first instance, to WATKINS and SIMPSON, Seed Merchants, 13, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a GARDENER, for single-handed place, where owner is not resident, who thoroughly understands Growing Peaches, Grapes, Melons, and Flowers. Must have had good experience, and produce testimonials as to character and ability. — Address, stating wages, to W. R., Pottle, Royal Exchange, London, E.C. WANTED, AT ONCE, a WORKING GARDENER, where one under man is kept. — Must understand Vines, Peaches, Kitchen, and Flower Gardeu. A married man, without family, whose Wife could do Plain Cooking occasionally, when required.— ROBERT VEITCH and SON, Royal Nurseries, Exeter. WANTED, at once, a FOREMAN for Houses, used to Growing Plants, Cucumbers, and Tomatos. Must be good man.— Apply, stating full particulars, experience, and salary required.— T. BUNYARD, Nursery- man, Ashford, Kent. ANTED, a thoroughly experienced FORE- MAN for the Houses. Must thoroughly understand Pines, Vines, and all Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants, including Orchids. Wages 25s. per week. No bothy or vegetables. — Apply by letter, giving all particulars, &c, to GEO. HUMPHREY, Nash Court, Faversham. GARAWAY and CO. REQUIRE a WORK- ING FOREMAN for the Houses, to Grow Vines, Pot Roses, Palms, Ferns, and ordinary Stove aud Greenhouse Plants, and to maintain a succession of Cut Flowers. Good wages to a really competent man.— Apply, with full particu- lars, to GARAWAY and CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol. WANTED, as PROPAGATOR, and occa- sionally to act as SALESMAN. One thoroughly expe- rienced i n the Propagation of Clematis, Conifera?, Ivies, Japanese Maples, Roses, Greenhouse Rhododendrons, &c, in addition to a general collection of Hard and Soft-wooded Stuff. Reply, stating age, and enclosing testimonials (or copies) to THOS. CRIPPS and SON, The Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent. WANTED, a MAN, for theBudding Season, well up at his work. — Apply, stating wages and full particulars, with references, to LAXTON BROTHERS, Nursery- men. Bedford. Grape Thinners. WANTED, for a few weeks, expert GRAPE THINNERS. — Respectable men waiting for situations, apply to H. TITE, The Nurseries, Hampton. WANTED, a strong active MAN, about 24 years of age, for the Lawn and Flower Garden. Must understand Horse Mowing Machiue, and otherwise well up in the work. Wages 18s. per weelc, milk, and vegetables. — T. SILLENCE, The Gardens, Nonsuch Park, Cheam, Surrey. WANTED, a young MAN, not under 17, to Assist Foreman. 12s. per week, with bothy, vegetables, &c. — C. P., Scampston Gardeu, Rillington, York. WANTED, a strong active YOUTH, from a good garden, to work Inside and Out. He must be a good singer and churchman. Age not under 17. Wages commencing 10s. pier week, and lodgings. A good opening for an energetic youth. — HEAD GARDENER, Catton Hall, Bnrton-on-Trent. WANTED, a CORRESPONDING CLERK, a good Penman for the Nursery Department. Must be punctual, orderly, and methodical; a knowledge of Plant Names necessary, and preference would be given to a person ]>osse^ing, in addition, a knowledge of Shorthand.— Address written application, stating age, experience, and all other particulars, to DELTA. Gardeners Chronicle Office, 11, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, for Wholesale Seed Trade, a young Man, of energy and good address, with large experience, as SHOPMAN, or CLERK, or both. One used to or capable of travelling preferred.— State full particulars, with salary required, to WATKINS and SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand. W.C. WANTED, AT O N C E, practical GARDENERS, in the Suburbs of Large Towns, to Canvass for Orders for Specialties.— For terms, address with references, STOTT DISTRIBUTOR COMPANY (Limited), Barton House, Manchester. WANT PLACES. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING and SONS can at present recommend with every confidence Beveral energetic aud practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single- handed Situations, can be Buited and have full particulars by applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill. London. S.E. q^HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL JL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, Liverpool, are in a position to recommend a first-rate man as HEAD GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF ; also a thoroughly competent man as HEAD GAR- DENER, who has a good knowledge of Orchids; unexceptional references in each case. Jdly 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 31 Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI (J K S O N S, Koyal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are al\vay9 in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— "DICKSONS, Chester." RICHARD SMITH and C~0. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will bs able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, single ; well advanced in all branched, wishes for a re-engagement. Good references. — J. MACKENZIE, Blundeston Lodge, Lowestoft. GARDENER~( Head), or otherwise.— Age 30, married; life experience. Good Plantsman. Abstainer. Excellent references. — W., Gardeners' Chronicle Olfice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. C> ARDENER (Head), trustworthy and com- J petent in all branches, Glass, Kitchen Garden, and Pleasure Grounds. Recommended by employers. — E., Porter's Park Gardens, Shenley, Barnet. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept.— Age 33; thoroughly practical. £■". will be paid to any one assisting Advertiser to procure a good situation. Excellent testimonials. — R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. — Married, no family; sober, energetic, and trustworthy. Thirty gears' lirst-class experience in all branches of the profession. Land and Stock if required; excellent character. Disengaged.— R. M„ Bittersea Cottage, Mill Hill, N.W. GARDENER (Head), where four or more are kept. — Age 34, single ; life experience all branches in north and on east coast. Eleven years in present situation. Exceptional references. — J. FORDKR, Observer Ollice, Lowestoft. GARDENER (Head); age 33, married. - William ROBINSON, The Gardens, Melksham, Wilts, seeks re-engagement in Nobleman's or Gentleman's .Garden. Thoroughly practical in all branches of good Gardening ; Orchids especially. Ten years' good character from present employer. GARDENER (Head).— Age 43, married, no incumbrance ; thorough practical all-round man ; special in Toniatos and Grapes. \\ ife can Manage Poultry if required. Excellent characters from present and previous employers.— HORTUS, Mr. Lewis, Stationer, High Road, South Streatham, S.W. G^ ARDENER (Head), where three or four JC are kept.— Age 42, married ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening. An expert Bee-keeper. Thirteen years in present situation. First-class recommendation from present employer.— J. GEORGE, The Gardens, Llantilio Court, Abergavenny. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three more are kept. — Good character.— F. SW1N- DEN, Mr. Anderson, The Gardens, Rowfant, Crawley, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working). — Married, no family ; thorough practical experience in all branches. Four and a half years' character; ten years' previous — J. BROWN. 16, Eilora Road, Streatham. S.W. GARDENER"THead Working).— Age 3G\ married, one child— A. H. T. Bruce, Esq., can highly recommend C. Par. er as ab.ve. Thoroughly experienced.— North Mymms Park, Hatlield, Herts. GARDHNER (Head Working).— Age 35 ; twenty-two years' experience in all brandies. Total abstainer twenty years. High character.— W. EDWARDS, Porter's Park, Shenley, Barnet. Herts. /GARDENER (Head Working), where one \_T or more are kept.— Age ,ri7, married, three children (youngest, age 6) ; thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Seventeen years' experience. Good character. — C. BAVERSTOCK, Horndean, Hants. GARDENER (Head Working), or good SlNGLF.-HiM>ED.— Age 29, married, no family; four years' practical experience in all branches of Gardening. Good character.— F. WHITE, Myrtle Cottages, No-folk Road( Rickmansworth, Herts. GARDENER, or GARDEN E R and BAILIFF.— The Advertiser, who will be diseugiged in three weeks, seeks an appointment as above. Been in present situation over eleven years, and twenty-five years' thorough practical experience. Highest testimonials and references — J. KNIGHT, The Oaks, Dear Epsom. GARDENER. — Age 25, married, no family ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Two 3 ears' good character.— R. F., F. Joyce, High Street, Reigate, Surrey. GARDENER, in Flower, Kitchen, and General Gardening. — Age 30 ; references to character and ability. —TYLER, Belstead, Ipswich, Suffolk. GARDENE R.— Married, one child ; thoroughly practical, Inside and Out. First-class experience in England and America. Unexceptional references. — W. CROOK, Bucklebury Common, Thatcham, Berks. GARDENER, where one or more assistants are kept. — Middle-aged, married, three children; long and varied experience in all branches. Good testimonials. Moderate wages.— ARBOR, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Single-Handkd). — Age 22, single ; two years' good character. — W. M., The Lodge, Trevethan, Erith, Kent. p ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 22; VIT^ eight years' experience both Inside and Out, or would not object to going abroad, if any Gentleman requires a sober young man. Good references.— C. 0., J. Wilkes, Richmond Road, Twickenham. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Outside Man in large place.— Age 26, single ; six years in present situation as Second Outside where ten are kept, under the employment of G. Simpson, Esq., Wraypark.— F. S., 6, South Road, Reigate. GARDENER (Single - handed), or good Second.— Age 24, married, no family ; seven years' experience in first-class places. At liberty by the middle of August.— A. /., M, Church Street. Croydon. (^ ARDENER (Second), or Single-handed. ]M — Age 28, married ; ten years' experience. — J., 23, Bal- come Street, South Hackney, N.E. GARDENER (Second), or Single-handed in Nursery or Private. —Age 2d ; good character, steady and sober. — J. H., 14, Morning ton Road, Leytonstone, E. GARDENER (Second), in a good place.— Age 18; good experience.— THOS. WELLS, D.Sprigings, Nurseries. St. Albans. GARDENER (Second).— Ten years' expe- rience in all branches, Inside and Out. Good character. — WM. COWELL. 1. Underhill Road, East Dulwich, S.E. GARDENER (Second). — Age 20, single; twelve months' and three years' previous good character, — R. HODGES, The Gardens. Copley Dene. Highgate, N. GARDENER (Second).— Age 23, married. one child. — Nine years' experience Inside and Out. Abstainer.— J. Wallace, The Gardens, Burton Hill, Petworth, can highly recommend the above. GA 1 ! DENER (Second), Inside and Out, where four or more are kept. — Age 26. married when suited ; good character from present and previous employers. — J. M., Marden Park Gardens, Caterham Valley. Surrey. G AUDENER (Second); Inside.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Thoroughly competent in Houses, at Cyclamens, Camellias. A/;ileas, Ericas, Draca-nas, Palms, Begonias, Gloxinias, Roses. Rhododendrons, Kitchen Gardens. Pleasure Grounds, B |uete and Wreaths, &c— WILLIAM HUBBARD, Wellbrock Road, Farnborongh, Kent. GARDENER (Second), or Third in a good establishment. — A^e 2] ; well up in the General use of Houses.— A. WALLACE, 51, Biggin Hill, Norwood. GARDENER ( I'xdf.u ).— Five years' experi- .ne in present situation. Leaving for improvement. Good reference. — H. A., Bramblebury, Wandsworth Common. GARDENER (Under), with or without Bothy. — Age 19; five years' experience ; goud references. — F. REX, Chnpelhay Street". Weymouth. GARDENER (Under).— Age 25, single ; good character; four and a half years between last two places. — G., 1, Cambourn Road, Southfields, Wandsworth. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Establishment. — Age 27, single; three years' experience Inside and Out. Well recommended. — H. MASON, Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Carbery, Glaston, Uppingham. KITCHEN GARDENER.— Age :TO,~m^rHed wdien suite 1 ; twelve years' experience in good Gardens. Excellent character. Strong and willing. — G. CRUiCK- SHANK, Bentley Priory Gardens, Stanmore. "CWiEMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 27 ; JL twelve years' good practical experience. Three and a half years Foreman. ~. I. W< »0D, The Gardens, Monks Orchard, Wejt Wickham. Beckeuham. Kent. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and SALESMAN, where a general stock of Flowering and Foliage Plants are grown. — H. SMITH, 15, Chester Street, Prescotfc, Liverpool. HOUSE FOREMAN and all-round PROPA- GATOR. — Thirty years' practical experience in large London and provincial establishments —HENRY WILLIAM REED, 7, Waterdown Cottage, Frant Forest, Tuubridge Wells. PROPAGATOR "and ( i IU > WER. — Age 25 ; well up in Tomatos, Cucumbers, Ferns, Cut Flowers, &c. Ei^ht years' experience. Good references, — R. D., Duppas House. West Croydon. To Market Growers. PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— "Well up in Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, Ferns, Cut Flowers, &c. Excellent references. — D. W., 6, The Terrace, Grove Road, Mitcham. To Nurserymen. GROWER of Cucumbers, Tomatos, Ferns, Foliage, and Softwooded Plants. Twenty years in the Trade.— J. SOLOMON. 40, Winghtld Road, Gravesend, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 24 ; four yearsin last situation (Eretby Park Gardens), two as Foreman. Good character; bothy preferred. — F. MYERS, Boro Green, Sevenoaks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 10; four years' good character.— J. CLAYDON wishes to recommend a young man as above. Geys House, Holyport, Maidenhead. JOURNEYMAN, Outside. — Age 19; four years' experience. Good reference.— W. E. SMITH, 32, New Croxted Road, West Dulwich, S.E. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— John R. Box, Nurseryman, Croydon, highly recommends to Head Gardeners, W. Hanliston, industrious and intelligent young man. JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— James Cypher begs to recommend a man as above. Good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plants ; also Forcing, and all kinds of Soft-wooded Stuff. Very steady and obliging.— BARROW, Queen's Road Nursery, Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 24.— J. VoSS, The Gardens, Finches, Lindtield, Sussex, can with confidence recommend to any Head Gardener a steady, active, and industrious young man. Twelve years' experience. Protestant, and abstainer.— H. S. REDLYNCH, Downton, Salisbury. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 20 ; has had seven years' experience in good situations. Good reterences. Bothy preferred. Dis- tant- no object.— J. TOOLEY, Witham Ranch, Boston, Lincolnshire. To Gardeners. TMPROVER,or UNDER GARDENER.— Age JL \9; five years' experience. Good reference. — H. SALTER, Goring, Worthing, Sussex. To Gardeners. TMPROVER, in the Houses. — Age 17^; -*- two years' experience. Bothy not objected to. — GARDENER, Oldfield, Bickley. rPO NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.— JL Wholesale or Retail Hybridiser and Grower. The Advertiser, who has had many years' experience in general Hybridising, would like a permanency in above. Can give highest references. Is strictly sober, and thoroughly devoted to hU subject. — HYBRID, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. rVO NURSERYMEN, &c— A young Man JL wants a situation in a Nursery or Market Garden, or under Gardener. Age 30 ; twelve years' good character. Abstainer.— JACK FENTON, Swan Nursery, Elmswell, near Bury St. Edmunds. rPO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 21) has -I- had seven years' practical experience in Propagating and Growing all kinds of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, and Soft-wooded Stuff, and Cut Flowers for Market. Good references.— L. W. P., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation. Used to Growing Soft- wooded Stuff, and quick at Potting, &c. Age 'Jl ; four years' experience. Good cha- racter.—H. I'., Ore Place Lodge, near Hastings. HTO NURSERYMEN.— A young Man requires JL situation in good Nursery. Thoroughly understands Roses, Fruits. Conifers, &e. Highly recommended by present employer.— CHARLES TURNER, 11, Reindeer Terrace, Hen- croft Street, Slough. TO FLOLISTS.— SITUATION required in a Nursery, where Cut Flower are largely grown. — Age 20; five years' experience. — E. SMITH. 74, High Street, Plumstead, Kent. rPO NURSERYMEN, &c— A young Nursery- JL man with good references seeks place. — Address, OTTO, 35, Manor Street, Clapham. S.W. "yo GENTLEMhN, &c— Young man (age 25) JL in want of a situation. Understands Horses ; does net object to a little Gardening. Five years' good character.— W. SAYER. Adisham, Dover. C^EERK, in Nurseryman's or Seedsman's Office, J — Ageiit; slight experience. Good Writer. Knowledge of Book-keeping. — I. BEGG, Wyfold Court, Reading. PAINTER and GLAZIER, and to make himself generally useful on Gentleman's Estate or Nursery. — Married; exceptional references can be had. — A. WARFORD, Somerset Terrace, Hertford. r|X) MARKET GROWERS. — Required, two JL hours' daily instruction in Culture of Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers, &c, for Market, ia good grower's establishment, near S. E. London preferred. State terms by letter, A. C., 26.'!, Deacon's, Leadenhall Street, E.C. rVO FLORISTS.— Situation wanted by young _1_ Lady at the seaside. Fully experienced.— Apply, Southall's Nursery, Handsworth, B'rmingham. \ SSISTANT, in a First-class Florist and Fruit .t\~ Business. — Wanted immediately, by a young Lady, a re-engagement as above. Highest references. — A., Forge Nurseries, Burton-on-Trent. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Liver, Lungs, and Kidneys.— Most diseases of these purifying organs arise from obstructions, over the removal of which these celebrated Pills exercise the most perfect control. A course of them is strongly recommended as a remedy for such chronic affections as liver enlargements, congestion of the lungs, torpidity of the kidneys, and other functional disorders, which cause much present suffering, and if neglected lay the foundation of organic diseases. Holloway's Pills are specially adapted for the young and delicate; their gentle and purifying action ranks them above all other medicines. In indigestion, nervous affections, gout, and rheumatism these Pills have achieved for themselves universal fame. They expel all impurities from the blood, and thus restore cheerfulness and vigour. 32 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jcly 5, 1890. B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH, No. 60, -PORTABLE PLANT PRESERVER. £2 7 3 19 6 ft. by 3 ft. £2 0 0 1 6 ft. by 4 ft 12 ft. by 3 ft. 3 3 0 I 12 ft. by 4 ft No. 73.-New Span-roof GARDEN FRAME, 4 t. by 6 ft. £2 15 0 1 12 ft. by 6 ft. £5 17 6 8 t. by 6 ft. 4 7 6 | 16 ft. by 8 ft. 7 7 6 All Frames made of selected Red Deal, painted three times, and lights glazed with 21-oz. British sheet glass. C [TCUMBER F ?AME LIGHTS. 6 ft. by 4 ft., glazed and painted ... 15s. each. Unglazed and unpiinted 6s. each. Cash Prices. Carriage Paid on Orders of 405. value. No. 74. -THREE-QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. 4 ft. by 6 ft. 8 ft. by 6 ft. 12 ft. by 6 ft. 2i 0 16 ft. by 6 ft. 7 12 No. 75.-MEL0N and CUCUMBER FRAME. 4 ft. by 6 ft, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 12 ft. by 6 ft. £4 5 0 16 ft. by 6 ft. 6 10 0 WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, and GREENHOUSES in all styles. GARDEN FRAMES IN GREAT VARIETY. WALL FRUIT TREF. PROTECTORS, HAND LIGHTS, PROPAGATING GLASSES, &c. CATALOGUES of all our Manufactures, includ- ing Horticultural Buildings and Appliances, Iron Buildings, Poultry and Kennel Requisites, &c. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATING GEAR and VALVES. Id the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby same may be effected in the course of a few minutes, without the necessity of disturbing ihe brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. Telegraphic Address— "HOT-WATER, London." Telephone, No. 4763. ESTABLISHED 1815. Awarded over 40 Pn'-e Medals. HAY WARD TYLER &.CO.S GARDEN ENGINES. STRONG AND DURABLE. EA.SY TO REPAIR. MODERATE PRICES. Send for List of Garden Engines, Syringes, Garden Pumps, &c. ADMIESS:- 90 & 92, WHITECROSS STREET, LONDON, E.C. THE " JUBILEE " GARDEN ENGINE. Easy to work. Ad- justable in height. Handle at the side for steadying. Spare rose. Highly finitned. Strongly made — (code Jubilee) 18 6, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTOX, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., post-free 3£d. ; twenty-five copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than 25 delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than 100 Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor; " Adverti-jements and Basinet Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Corent Garden, Londoo, W.C. Printed b> WILLIAM RICHARDS, at the Office of Messrs. BradbUBY, Agnew, & Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in the County of Middlesei, and publish ed by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Coyent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, July 5, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established No. 185.— Vol. VIII. {g*™} SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d. *^* { Post-free, 3$d. CONTENTS. Alocasia reversa 38 Nepenthes cincta 43 Asimina triloba 42 Obituary — Books — Stewart, J hi Manual of Orchidaceous Odontoglossum, mon- Plants 40 strous 48 Orchids, their Culture Orchid-houses 44 and Management 40 Orchids at Mr. Bull's ... I* Calceolaria, the shrubbv... f>0 Ostrowakya it Carnation Mrs. R. Hole ... fio Phylloxera, the 48 Cypripediura " Elinor " ... 31 Pink, a sporting 48 Deal, the late O 4K Plants and their culture 49 Douro, from the 37 Rainfall in June 50 Ephedra distaehya 50 Roses opening 50 Fittonias as wall plants... 49 ,, on trees 4J Flower garden 45 Royal Horticultural So- Fruits under glass 45 ciety 41$ Gardening appointments . 68 Societies — Hardy fruit garden 49 National Rose 51 Hawkeayard Park 4, t BRUCE FINDLAY. 01*1 Trafford. Manchester. SALTERHEBBLE and DISTRICT (Halifax) ROSE SHOW, THURSDAY, July 24. Schedules on application to Jm E BR00KS, Secretary. 4, Savile Park Street. Halifax. WILMSLOW and ALDERLEY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— The above Society will hold its SECOND ANNUAL SHOW in Hawthorn Hal'l Field. Wilmslow, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, July 25 and 26 next. Schedule of Prizes (£140) on application. T. W. MARKLAND, ^ „„„ Q„ . C. E. H. HOBSON, \ non' oecs- LAY CROSS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ANNUAL SHOW, AUGUST 12. Entries close on August 2. G. LAMB, Assistant-Secretary. Clay cross. GB. FISCHER has to offer short strong ■ Seedling LATANIA BORBONICA and SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, from stores, 6s. per 100, 55s. per 1000. Also a great stock of useful PALMS of all sizes. The Nursery, High Street, Clapham, London. S.W. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London, W. GEORGE ASHENDEN and SONS beg to s ate they can still supply all Plants in good strong, healthy stuff, as per their Advertisement in the Gardeners' Chronicle of July 5, " on page 4." The Nurserie?, Wrotham Road, Gra^esend. c For Present Sowing. CAB B AG E.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage in cultivation, price 1*. Qd. peroz., tid. and Is. per packet, post- free. CARTERS' M4.MMOTH BEEFHEART. the best main crop Cabbage, price is. Gd. per oz., 6d. and Is. per packet, post-free. For Present Sowing. T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE 1 J COS, price 2s. id. peroz.. Is. per packet, post-free. DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. id. per oz., Is. per packet, post-free. ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3d. peroz., id. per packet, post-free. For Present Sowing. ONION.— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. (yd. per packet, post-free. CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. peroz., id. per packet, post free. CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. id. per packet, post-free. CARTE RS, Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. BULBS FOR AUTUMN-FLOWERING.— Summer Planting LIST, now ready, of rare Crocus ppecies, for autumn and spring-flo^erim?, beautiful and rare Colchicums, St«>rnbergia (Lily of the Field \ Zephyranthea (Flowers of the West Wind). Pyrethrums for autumn planting, &c. LIST free on application. IHRU and SOX. 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Autumn Seeds.— To the Trade. CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S Special Priced CATALOGUE of Seeds for Autumn Sowing is now ready, and will be sent, post-free, on application. A copy has been posted to all Customers. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford.— July, 1890. HENRY SQUELCH, North~~Bow, Covent Garden, Fruit Salesman and Commission Agent, Importer of Bananas, and all kinds of Madeira and Canary Island Produce. II. SQUELCH is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CLACK GRAPES. MUSCATS, TOMATOS. CUCUM- BERS, PEACHES, and all kinds of Hothouse Pioduce. H. SQUELCH'S connection is amongst the best business houses in the United Kingdom, and he gives personal attention to all consignments. Account of Sales forwarded day of Sale. Cheques weekly, or as desire!. Empties and Labels supplied. Bankers, London and County Bank. Warehouses and Banana House, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. CHOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C. JW. BARNHAM Receives on Commission, • GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. JOHN JAMES, 7, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C, receives on Commission, GRAPES, TOMA- TOS. and other choice FRUITS and FLOWERS. Reference: London and County Bank. Highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily. Cheques weekly. Baskets, Boxes, and Labels found. Warehouse : 19, Russell Court, W.C. V^ ANTED, 200 Mrs. Pollock GERANIUMS, T t good strong stuff, out of pot*. Lowest cash price to — GEO. ASHENDEN and SONS, The Nurseries, Wrotham Road, Gravesend. P.S. — Also wanted, any other varieties of Golden Tricolor Geraniums, for cash. WANTED, TWO good specimen Hard- wooded ERICAS, to be lit lor Exhibition end of July. State variety and price to CALDWELL AXP SONS, Koutsford. Pines- Pines. WANTED, TWO PLANTS, showing fruit to be ripe 1st week in November. Price and par- ticulars to Mr. QUARTERMAN, Silverlands, Cobham, Surrey. For Present Sowing. SUTTON'S PRIZE GLOXINIAS.— The strain which attracted so much attention and admiration at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show in the Temple Gardens, May 28 and 29, 1£90, and awarded the Society's Silver-gilt Floral Medal. Price of Seed, 5*. and 2s. Gd. per packet, post-free. Sutton's LIST of Vegetable and Flower Seeds for summer and autumn sowing, post-free on application. SUTTON'S SEEDS Genuine only Direct from SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. No agents. KOSES. — Laing's Collection cannot be sur- ' passed. Inspection invited to see the many thousands of healthy Plants in flower. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free. JOHN LAING and SONS (Rcse, Fruit Tree, and Vine Growers). Forest Hill, S.E. ^0 000 GREEN EUONYMUS, fjyj^yjyjyj all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high. 155. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, Brighton. E~ IX PYNAERT, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium, is now sending out his beautiful HYBRID ROCHEAS, described and figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, February 22, 1890. Price 15.?. the set of five distinguished varieties. Package and freight to all parts of Great Britain for cash with order. Hyaclntns, Tulips, Crocus, lilies, &c. CO. VAN TUBERUEN, .Tun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to — Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, E.C. MAIDEN HAIR FERN, 25,000 to offer in 4 and 5-inch pots, at £2 per 100 ; also 100 cut fronds for Is. 3d . post free. TAYLOR and CO., Timperley, Cheshire. Cash with order. Paul & Son's Roses. THE ROSES are finely in flower and growth. Magnificent FRUIT TREES, and all ORNAMENTAL TREES, in good condition to select from, at PAUL AXD SON'S. The " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt, Great Eastern Railway. 13RIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— JL Twenty-first year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen, 10-f. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price; also double white PRIMULAS, 6d. each. Carriage free for ca.-h with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. FLORAL ALBUM of CONFERENCE DAFFODILS.— This unique "Work of Art," illustrated by Gibtrude Hartland, has now become a regular Drawing- room Book, containing as it does, over 50 faithful pictures of one of the most accommodating of all spring flowers. First Edition limited to One Thousand Copies. Post-free, 2s. 6d. Complimentary to pist and future purchasers. Trade Circular of Best Market Varieties gratis. Bulbs very fine, and prices moderate.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork. None like the Kent Strawberries. VERY FINE PLANTS. True to name— to fruit next year. GEO. BUN YARD and C O., Maidstone. New Illustrated CATALOGUE free. (Explicit Cultural Directions and Descriptions.) LOVEL'S Yorkshire STRAWBERRIES.— Strong, healthy, and well-rooted Runners, to fruit next season. Thury. Paxton, President, Noble, and other good varieties. Full Descriptive Price LIST with Testimonials free. Sample Parcel, Sd.~ W. LOVEL and SON. Driffield. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswick. rPHOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT JL MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, aud direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. V 34 THE' GARDENERS' <' 111! OX I CLE. [July 12, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Tuesday Next-Third and Final Portion. The CELEBRATED STUDLEY HOUSE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED OKCHIDS. Absolutely without reserve. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of the THIRD PORTION of this renowned COLLECTION, the whole being remarkable for splendid culture and condition, and including a great proportion of plants matchless in point of rarity, by order of F G. Tautz, Esq., who is compelled to relinquish their cultivation in consequence of a change of residence. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are 1\_L favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, July 15, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely each day, the THIRD PORTION ;of this SUPERB COLLECTION. Amongst the many tine things included in this Sale, the following may be specially mentioned :— Odontoglossum Rossii ,, Harryanuru ,, Alexandres ,, crispum giganteum ,, Wih'keanum Pallens ,, Pescatorei ,, vexillarium variegatum ,, ,, leucoglossum Cypripedium Laforcadei ,, Ashburtonlie superbum ,, Wallaertianum ,, superciliare ornatuni ,, marmarophyllum ,, Acis ,, Lawrenceanum rubrum „ caudatum Warscewiczii ,, electra ., Dayanum superbum „ Fraseri Cypripedium tonsuni ,, Orestes Cattleya Mendelii couspicua ,, ,, limbata ,, gigas mirabile ,, Gaskelliana striata ,, Triame Idalia Lcelia purpura ta Russelliana ,, ,, atropurpurea ,, ,, sunset Dendrobium Schneiderianum „ endocharis Masdevallia Veitchii grnndi- flora Miltonia cuneata Physosiphon Loddigesii Cymbidium Mastersii Vander Sanderiana Angrivcum Ellisii ,, Neo-guincensi9 K.B.— The whole of the Plants wi'l be submitted to the hammer, and in no case will any plant be sold privately. Catalogues will be forwarded on application to the Auctioneers, 87 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C. Poulett Lodge, Twickenham— Thursday Next. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above (the Freehold having been Sold), oil THURSDAY NEXT July 17, at 3 o'clock, the valuable and rare STilVE mid GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, large CAMELLIAS, a few ORCHIDS, &c. May lis viewed the day preceding and morning of Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC. ^Friday Next, July 18 \ I ESSRS. PKuTHEKOE and MORRIS have I'JL received instructions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, to SELL at their Auction Rooms. 67 and 63. Cheapside. E.C. at half-put 12 o'clock precis, ly, a very choice assortment of i BPORTED and a few ESTABLISHED PLANTS, allot which ar- in tlie best possible condition. CATTLEYA MENDELII. A splendid importation, amongst which are many superb m tsses, some having as many as ore hundred stout pseudo- bulbs and green sturdy leaves. These plants now offend are from the best district, and many tine things will surely flower from amongst them. We specially recommend buyers to these plants, as they are furnished with suchstout bulbs and healthy foliage, which give them the appearance of established plants. ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI. A grand lot of plants just to hand, in the finest possible con- dition, having good, stout, distinct bulbs and healthy breaks. These plants are from the district whence come the large round flowering and crimson-spotted varieties. It was from this very District that we imported that most charming of Odontoglots, viz., O. excellens. There are surely some lovely novelties among the plants offered. ODONTOGLOSSUM TRIUMPHANS. A very good importation of this very easy growing spec'es. All the plants offered are in the best of health, and are making strong growth". This is the very long spiked variety with larger ch brown and goldeu yellow flowers, which are in their f ill beauty during winter. ODONTOGLOSSUM HASTILABIUM. A nob'e and remarkably handsome species. We have just received a fine lot of plants which are now offered, they are in the best condition, having stout healthy bulbs and strong breaks. A splendid specimen exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Co. at the Temple Show was greatly admired. The plants flower freely, and remain in perfection for three months. CATTLEYA MOSSI.E. Splendid masses with over a hundred bulbs and with fine crn'-n Ipaves, all possessing good sound eyes ; from the best districts. LCELIA ANCEPS WILLIAMSIANA. A very tine thing in the way of L. a. Stella and Sanderiana. It is a very easy-growing species. The plants offered are well- established, and are making good growths. ANGULOA SPECIES— SUPPOSED TO BE NEW. Some good plants, just received, in fine condition. The p^cudobulbs are very distinct in shape, and cannot be matched with an) thing in our collection. ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MAJUS. The beautiful, large-flowering Butterlly Orchid. CYPRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM. A beautiful, long-tailed Lady's Slipper, easy to grow, and free- flowering. ANGR^ECUM SANDERIANUM. A very handsome, chaste flowering Orchid. The plants offered are all well-established and healthy. ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM. Some very fine strong plants of this magnificent Oncidinm. CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM. Seme established plants, in fine condition. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE MONTANUM. The collector, who has made a special journey for these Continued on next column. Continued from previous colutmi. plants, says that the various forms which he saw in flower were very fine. They were obtained from a hitherto unsearched district, and at a high elevation. The plants are in splendid condition, and are furnished with good green leaves— there are crimson-spotted and flaked varieties among them, and white and green varieties without spots or other markings. ONCIDIUM CUCULLATUM. A v«-ry handsome winter-flowering Oncid. The plants are in first-rate order, having good bulbs and leads. ADA AURANTIACA. A good importation of this charming orange-scarlet flower- ing species. ADA AURANTIACA is very easy to grow in a cool house, where, during winter it makes a grand display with its brilliant flowers. CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR. A very handsome dwarf-growing plant requiring a warm moist atmosphere to grow in. The plauts to be sold are fur- nished with good crowns and healthy leaves. CYMBIDIUM EBURNEUM. A maguificent lot of plants of this really handsome Cymbid. The health and appearance of these plants recommend them to the notice of buyers. C. EBURNEUM produces large pure white flowers, which are almond scented, and remain in perfection for a considerable time after expanding. ONCIDIUM .EMULUM. A fine strong-growing species, allied to O. MACRANTHUM, but differing in the colour of the flowers. The plants have just been received, and are in good condition, having good large bulbs and healthy breaks. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. -Seedling Cypripediums. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE of ORCHIDS on FRIDAY NEXT a number of Seedling CYPRIPEDIUMS ; DENDRO- BIUM NOBILE COOKSONII and NOBILIUS, D. DEVONI- ANUM ALBUM, and other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, July 22. 900 ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM. 50 I ODONTOGLOSSUM INSLEAYI. 500 „ CITROSMUM. 700 ,, new species. Just received in splendid condition direct from Mr. Pechacek, for absolute sale, Without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above extensive Importation of ORCHIDS by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheap- side, London, E.C, on TUESDAY, July 22, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. East Dulwich.— Orchids. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Seeger & Tropp to SELL by AUCTION at their Orchid Nurseries. East Dulwich, on WEDNESDAY, July 23. at half-past 1 S o'clock precisely, the CONTENTS of TWO PRIVATE COLLECTIONS, recently purchased by them, supplemented by additions from their own stock, making a large and very varied selection of rare and valuable OB'JHIDS, the whole affording a splendidopportunity to buyers, such as seldom occurs, aud which will be sold absolutely without reserve. The Sale includes : - Anectochilus Cattleya Eeineckiana ,, intricata maculata ,, Wagneri Coelogyne Cummingi Cypripedium robuslicum ,, Kirchotlianum ,, Figaro ,, niteus superbum ,, Chlorops ,, Schroderie ,, llorniauum ,, aniabile Vanda tricolor planilabris ,, ccerulea, ten fine spec: mens Dendrobium nobile nobilius Cookson' Dendrobium nobile album Eehioglossum striatum Laelia elegans irrorata Lycaste Stinneri alba Masdevallia, 110 different species and varieties Odontoglossum aspereum vio- lhceum ,, coronarium, perhaps the largest plant in culti- vation Sobralia virginalis ,, Warscewiczi ,, Xantholeuca ,, Cattleya, only three plauts of this grand spe ies are known to be iu Europe Messrs. Seeger & Tropp's Orchid Nurseries are within live minutes' walk of East Dulwich Railway Station (L. B. and S 0 Railway), reached by frequent trains from London Bridge and Victoria. Plants will be on view the day previous and morning of Sale, and Catalogues obtained on the Premises ; or of the Auctioneers, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Special Sale-Tuesday, July 29. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for which they WILL BE GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Lee, Kent. A short distance from Blackheath and Lewisham Railway Stations. To FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and others.— By order of the Trustees. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, London, E.C,:on THURSDAY, July 31, 1890, at 2 o'clock precisely, the old-established lot g leasehold NURSERY, known as Wright's Nursery, 33a, Turn, r Road, Lee, containing an area of about 1 acre, and comprising 37 Span-roof and Lean-to Greenhouses, 8 Pits, also Potting and Packing Sheds, Coach House and Stabling, Cottage and Workshops, together with the Leasehold Residence, No. 17. Turner Road, and a plot of Land on the opposite sule^ of the road having a frontage of 289 feet, by a depth of 7 to 16 feet. The Vines, Camellias, and Roses, planted out in the various Greenhouses, will be included in the put chase. The property may be viewed. Particulars and conditions of Sale, with Plan, may be had on the '.Premises ; at .the Mai t, EC; of Messrs. NEWTON AM) NEWTON, Solicitors 180, High Street, Lewisham ; and of the Auctioneers and \ aluers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Thursday Next, July 17. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. 150 lots of fine Established Plants, from the renowned Blenheim Collection, by order of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by ■ AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, July 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine Collection of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, including many choice varieties and rare species. Also about 150 lots of well-grown, thoroughly esta- blished plants from the renowned Blenheim Collection, an extensive Importation of L-.'ELIA MAJALIS, &e. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Retford. ELIGIBLE FREEHOLD INVESTMENT. To Nurserymen and Others. lie C. Hodson, Deceased. MR. HENRY SPENCER will SELL by AUCTION, at the " Pheasant " Hotel, on THURS DAY, July 17, 1890, at 4 for 5 o'Clock iu the afternoon precisely, subject to such conditions of sale as shall then be produced : — Lot 1.— All those Two Messuages or DWELLING HOUSES, situate near to Grove Street Bridge, Retford, and now in the occupation of Mr. F. W. Hodson and Mr. W. Piggott. Lot 2.— All those PIECES or PARCELS of LAND situate near to the last described Premises, together with the valuable GLASS FORCING-HOUSES and HEATING APPARATUS now standing thereon, viz. :— One large Span House, 78 feet by 18 feet; four Span Houses, each 66 feet by 10 feet; one Lean-to House, 93 feet by 9 feet; one Lean-to House, 70 feet by 9 feet; one Lean-to House, 66 feet by 9 feet; one Span Propagating Pit, 34 feet by 10 feet. All of which are well heated, principally with the new expansion jointed pipest within the last two years. Two large Saddle and Improved Saddle Boilers and one smaller ditto to the Propagating Pit and large House. The two large boilers are set side by side, in case of accident by frost, &c. The Stock in-Trade may be taken at a valuation. Imme- diate possession can lie given. For further particulars apply to Mr. F. W. HODSON, or T. BESCOEY, Solicitor, Retford. Gut Flowers, Plants, and Bulbs. We hold Sales, several each week. Reference to senders of years standing. Particulars on application. MESSRS. POPE and SONS, Sale Rooms, 6, Phillip Street, adjoining Market Hall, Birmingham. Mile End Nurseries, Stockport. TO BE DISPOSED OE, owing to the decease of the Proprietor, this Old-established BUSINESS. Extent of Land about 13 Acres. For further particulars address, EXECUTORS, Mile End Nurseries, Stockport. TO BE DISPOSED OF, Lease, Stock, and JOBBING BUSINESS of a good Nu^ery, ten miles from Covent Garden. Price low, part can remain. Particulars, M. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.O. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, within 1£ miles of Nealh, an established NURSERY, compri.-ing between 3 and 4 Acres (all broken up and prepared), planted with mixture of ^Forest, Ornamental, and Fruit Trees (in great demand in immediate neighbourhood). Soil eminently suitable for all Trees, Shrubs, and Rhododendrons. All Trees in excellent condition. Goodwill of business included. Also Grass Farm of 50 Acres adjoining the Nursery (in ring fence), with good Dwelling-house and complete Outbuildings in thorough repair. The whole held for unexpired Lease of 34 years. Good Road. The Nursery and Farm will be disposed of together or separate, at Purchaser's option. An excellent opportunity for Nurserymen, Market Gardeners, Farmers, and Milkmen. Apply, W. EDWIN SHAW, Gilfach, Nealh, South Wales. Mowden Nurseries, Darlington. TO LET, or FOR SALE, by order of the MORTGAGEES, either as a whole, or in lots to suit Purchasers, the Valuable NURSERY, lately in the occupation of Mr. T. B. Morton, containing about 2 Acres, with Dwelling- House, Stable. Cart Shed, 7 Greenhouses, &c, all fitted up with the most modern appliances; well stocked with Fruit Trees, &c. —Offers will be received by J. T. HALL, 44, High Row, Darlington. TO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND, suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease for 7, 14, or 21 years. Rent fr,om £8 to £12 per acre, with the option of purchasing the Freehold within the first seven years. No tithe. Near the main road, Enfield Highway, about nine miles from London. Apply H. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. rpo LET, a well-established NURSERY, I about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. TO BE LET, with early possession, the well- built HOUSE, with Farm Buildings, and about 7 acres of excellent Nursery Ground, situate at Saudridge, and now in the occupation of Mr. E. Hunt. Apply, Mr. A. RUMBALL, Land Agent, St. Albans. TO LET, FLORIST and FRUITERERS, JL Double Plate Glass Front. Rent £15 a year. Price £23. Bargain. L w _, , Apply, SAPSWORTH, Railway Approach, kew Gardens. July 12, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 35 To Gardeners, Fruit, and Flower Growers. A splendid opportunity to an industrious capable man. TO LET, within 6 miles of Manchester, Seven Large GREENHOUSES, mostly 60 feet long, heated with 4-iuch Hot-water Pipes, on most approved principle. Boilers almost new. Plenty of Water with Land (cheap) if required. Kent £10 per year. For further particulars, apply to T. LEASON, Acomb Street, Manchester. F IFTH NATIONAL SHOW, Crystal Palace, AUGUST 16, 1890. Schedules now ready of over I S25 Prizes, comprising Gold. Silver, f and Bronze Medals, ami £350 in cash ; Special Prizes of Goods, Certificates, &c. ; post-free on appli- cation to EDWARD OWEN GREENING, Hon. Secretary. At this Show, the Agricultural and Horticultural Association (Ld.), offer £150 for best produce grown from their reliable One and All Seeds. 3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C., and Creek Road, Depiford, S.E. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. NOTICE. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the SUBSCRIBERS to this FUND will be held at the Cannon Street Hotel, on FRIDAY, July 18th next, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and the Accounts of the Fund for 1SS9-90. Electing Officers for the ensuing year, and for the ELECTION of TEN CHILDREN to the benefits of the Fund. The Chair will be taken at 2 o'clock precisely, and the Ballot will close at i o'clock. The Annual Dinner will be held the same evening at 5 o'clock. Tickets, 5s. each. A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W —June, 1890. P.S. — The Voting Papers have all been issued ; any Sub- scriber not having received one is requested to communicate with the Honorary Secretary. DAILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, via Queenborougb, Flushing, Kal- denkirchen. This Parcels Sen-ice, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian Posts, is jpecially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, &c. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariffs free on application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST, RYLEY AND CO., 83, Bishopsgate Street, Loudon, E.C. Receiving Office at Holborn Viaduct Station. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN, Limited), Have just received large and fine Importations of Orchids from India, Mexico, Brazil, Columbia and other countries, and will be glad to send full particulars to anyone favouring them with name and address. The Company also have an immense stock of Established Orchids, descriptive-priced Catalogue on application to the Company, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. GENERAL BELGIAN HORTICULTURAL AGENCY. General Depot for Palm Seeds. DE HERDT A SI) STEECKER, Antwerp. Telegrams — " Strf.cker, Antwerp." Plant-hcuses for special cultivation of SEEDLING PALMS in store pots. Trade Offer. ARECA BAUERI, 22s. per 100. „ LUTESCENS. 18s. 6d. per 100. „ SAPIDA, 7s. 6<(. per 100. CHAM-EROPS FORTUNEI, 22s. per 1000. COCOS WEDDELLIANA, 12s. per 10J. CORYPHA AUSTRALIS. 38s. per 1000. EUTERPE EDULIS, 30s. per 100. GEONOMA GRACILIS. 37s. 6d. per 1C0. KENTIA B4LMOREANA, 30s. per 100. „ FORSTERIANA, 30s. per 100. „ CANTERBURYANA, 80s. per 100. LATANIA BORBONICA, 30s. per 1000. PHffiNLX CANARIENSIS. 18s. per 1000. „ RECLINATA, 37s. 6d. per 1000. „ TENUIS, 18s. per 1000. PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDRA. 8s. 6ii. per 100. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 7s. per 100. Samples are only sent per dozen at the wholesa'e price. FritiHaria Walujewi CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Haarlem, Holland, • is expecting an importation of this extremely rare Bulb, unquestionably the finest and most distinct of all Fritillarias. Its Mowers are large, silvery-grey without, the inside of a peculiar deep red colour. Imported bulbs are offered at the following prices : 4s. each, 44s. per dozen. Apply either direct, or to — Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gerlens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C. FOR SALE CHEAP, one of the Finest COLLECTIONS of ERICAS iu SCOTLAND, large and medium plants, all the leading varieties ; also a few GREEN- HOUSE RHODODENDRONS. Price, and full particulars, from J. B. YOUNG, Bridge of Allan. rro ORCHID GROWERS.— SPHAGNUM J- MOSS, fresh and clean, 5s. per sack. Collected when ordered.— G. CARRADICE, Monument Place. Kendal. Many Acres of Lilies of the Valley ! TJANNOCH, Largest Grower of LILIES • OF THE VALLEY iu the Kingdom, offers 3-yr. old flowering Crowns for forcing, and 2 and 1-yr. old Crowns for planting out, of unsurpassed quality. Hundreds of testi- monials. Time of sending out, November 1 to May 1. Prices and terms on application. T. JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by special appoint- ment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales), Dersiugham, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts. WM. PAUL and SOX invite inspection of their ROSES, FRUIT TREES, GRAPE VINES, HARDY EVERGREENS, FLOWEKING TREES and SHRUBS, Park and Road-side Trees. An unrivalled collection of the latti-r suitable for improving the garden, pleasure ground, and plantation. Close to Walthani Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway, half an hour from London. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of which he has made a specialty for the last twenty-six years :- PRIMULAS I PRIMULAS I and CINERARIAS, finest possible strains, the latest new colours and improved forms as sold in Coven t Garden. Good Plants for next autumn and winter blooming, Is. tjd. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; extra strong selected, 2s. per dozen. 12s. per 100. CYCLAMENS, CYCLAMENS!— Lambs celebrated Giganteum strain, good plants, 2s. per dozen ; extra selected, 2s. 6d. per dozen ; all carriage free. S. SHEPPERSON. Florist, Belper. LAING'S BEGONIAS NOW IN FULL BLOOM. The Four Gold Medals and Cup Collection. Unequalled as a Floral Display. Visitors are cordially invited; free admission. Frequent trains from the City and We-t End to Catford Bridge and Forest Hill Stations. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free. JOHN LAING & SONS, Begonia Specialists, Seed, Plant, and Bulb Merchants, FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E. barnes^reliablTseeds, l> > not be Misled nv others using my Trapk Term. My Seeds hive proved RELIABLE— hence the rea=on for using the word. The Public can easily understand for what pur] ose " my " word " Reliable " is utilized by other Traders. SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING CAMUAGE FREE. CABBAGE. Packet. Packet. BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the Earliest t. d. s. d. Cabbage grown ... 0 1 1 0 BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest and best "4 10 ONION. BARNES' GOLDEN ROCCA, line 0 6 16 BARNES' GIANT ROCCA 0 :! 0 9 BARNES' CRIMSON ROCCA 0 3 OH LETTUCE. CABBAGE-BARNES' IMPERIAL HARDY WINTER, the best for winter and earl v spring 0 6 16 BARNES' SIR GARNET, this unique and excellent Lettuce is invaluable 0 6 1 6 COS— BARNES' CHAMPION BROWN ... 0 6 1 6 Pfict and data yues on application. Jf" n A n || r O /16 years Managing Assistant^ . L. DAnnCO \.«ith Hie firm of Daniels Bros./) THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. INDISPENSABLE CREENHOUSE PLANTS. PRIMULA SINENSIS and CINERARIA, superb strains. seedlings from stores Is.