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LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

CHAPEL

THE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO

HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

EDITED BY
THOMAS MEEHAN,

STATE BOTANIST OF PENNSYLVANIA,

FORMERLY HEAD GARDENER TO CALEB COPE, ESQ., AT SPRINGBROOK, AND AT THE BARTRAM BOTANIC

GARDENS, NEAR PHILADELPHIA. GRADUATE OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

(LONDON), ENGLAND. MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

AUTHOR OF "AMERICAN HAND-BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL TREES,"

"FLOWERS AND FERNS OF THE U. S.," ETC.

VOLUME XXIX, 1887

PHILADELPHIA :

CHAS. H. MAROT, PUBLISHER,

No. 814 Chestnut Street.
1887.

V

30

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of Samuel B. Parsons,

Amaryllis House, .....

American Apricot Peach and Stone, 2 cuts,

Ashton: Residence of H. Maunsell Shieffliii, Yonkers,

Automatic Entrance Gate,

Avenue at Ashton, .

Barron Court : Residence of Jno. C. Barron,

Begonia semperflorens gigantea rosea,

Bench Heating Pit and Pipes, Greenhouse,

Birthplace of Linnaeus,

Cembrian Pine,

Cerasus serotina pendula,

Chismere on the Hudson : Residence of Alex. Taylor

Clethra alnifolia, ....

Comet Aster, . .

Conservatory Glazed without Putty

Distant View of the Hudson from Pinkstone,

Drive Approach : S. K. Satterlee's Grounds,

End View, Cireenhouse,

Fairview : Residence of Edw. Weston,

Fallawater Apple, ....

Gate Approach to Ridgelawn,

Glazing Tools, 2 cuts, ....

Glenview : Residence of Jno. B. Trevor,

Gold Strawberry, ....

Grafting on Small Roots,

Homestead of S. K. Satterlee at Rye, N. Y.

Improved Flower Pot and Details, 4 cuts.

Interior View, Greenhouse,

Lawn at J. M. Tilford's Residence,

Lake at Chismere, ....

Layering, 2 cuts, ....

LovettPlum, .....

Madeleine Pear, . . . .

Measuring Trees, Diagram,

Mina lobata, ....

Nepenthes Rafflesiana, ....

Nepenthes rufescens, var. tripinnatifida.

Pear Midge^Larvce and Fly, 2 cuts,

Philodendron Andreanum, .

Pinkstone : Residence of Jno. T. Terry,

Portrait, David Douglas, ...

Rear Lawn, Pinkstone,

Residence of C. P. Huntington, Throgg's Neck,

Residence of J. M. Tilford, White Plains,

Residence of L. V. Stone, White Plains,

Residence of Robert Colgate, Riverdale-on-Hudson,

Rhododendron balsaminseflorum album.

Rhododendron, President,

Rocky Dell Farm, Residence of J. Reynel,

Rustic Summer House,

Shaded Walk at J. M. Tilford's Residence,

Side Terrace and Lake, Chismere,

Side Terrace, Glenview,

Springhurst : Residence of Fred'k Goodridge, Riverdale

Standard Fuchsia,

Stonehurst, River View,

Stove and Stack, Greenhouse,

Tasteful Wreath,

Teas' Weeping Russian Mulberry,

Thatched Summer House,

Tree Tub,

Triumph Aster,

Umbrella Pine,

Verbena hybrida compacta nana.

View of the Hudson at Ashton,

Water Carts for Gardens, 3 cuts.

Wilder Pear,

Frontispiece
104
306

323
66
321
162
108
72

347
iig
308
354
276
360
187
291
258

73
246
340

65
138
193
270

94
259
296, 297

71

35

355

221, 222

47
269
180
5. 6

74
364

52
333
289

59
290
226

34

67

3

266

299

130

36

33
353
195

98

136

I

72

329
229

37
234
360
146

374

322

172, 173

271

IHE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

JANUARY, 1887.

Number 337.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Our column of Seasonable Hints differs from
other portions of the magazine in this, that it deals
only with that which is known and admitted as

reader something that will make him a more
inteUigent being, and the more intelligently to deal
with that of which he already knows. Seasonable
Hints is rather the friend at the elbow ; nudging
when we may perchance forget, and prompting

Hudson River View from Stonehurst. (See page 3.)

good practice, — while the whole of the other de- 1 from behind the scene, when we may falter in
partments is devoted to progress. We endeavor [ our path. Hence there must be always a certain
to find out there that which is new. There we amount of sameness at each monthly period, for
seek to prove all things and to hold fast to that the same rules that will give us good beans this
which is good. There we desire to give to every year, or help us to brag on the size or beauty

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

of our pansies, are generally the rules that helped
us last. This comes of our desire to be a practi-
cal helper — for the practical man or the practical
magazine is the mere teller of that which has been
done. The reformer— the one who thinks things
might be better— the "go-a-head" fellow— is all
very well in his way ; but the staid, sober, steady,
"allright " leader, never fails to get warm admirers,
and confident following. If then we should, dur-
ing the next year, be found repeating, good reader,
remember that though the coming summer will not
be the summer you had last year, it is the same
sun that warms it, and the same south wind that
saves chill boreas from blighting the hearts of
springtide's flowers. Our Seasonable Hints may
not be wholly new, but you will no less welcome
them, and we hope to your profit.

Seasonable! This is January. Our readers
along the Gulf of Mexico, Lower Cahfornia and
the seaboard States of the southeast, are already
counting their rose buds, and getting ready the
sugar and cream for the early strawberries. Those
in Labrador or Alaska— though we are not sure
the Governor of this newly organized territory has
yet sent in his subscription, and the Indians have
as yet not learnt the "Boston" language, as they
term the Enghsh tongue— have hardly ventured
out of their ice-built cabins. Seasonable hints are
usually confined to local papers not heard of be-
yond the shout of one hallooing from the top of the
village spire. To a constituency so world-wide
as ours, hints that are seasonable form the most
difficult of our undertakings, yet we have a hope
that by getting somewhat in advance of the season
for our colder locaUties, we can in general assist
nearly all. It is, for instance, nearly planting
time in some parts where these words will reach,
^it is only waiting a Uttle till it is planting time
elsewhere. Now what is it people are apt to
forget at planting time ? We have perhaps a new
house, and a bare piece of ground. If we could
only get trees of some size to make a show at
once? Well why not? Because large trees do
not grow, and small ones are best anyhow. This
is the general answer. But large trees do just as
well as small ones if they are in good condition
and are properly moved, and it is not a costly
operation either,— though it was costly in the days
when it was thought necessary to carry a huge
ball of earth away with the tree. But first as to
condition. Trees do not begin to bear seeds
freely till they are ten, fifteen or more years old.
New any good thrifty tree, full of vital force, can
be moved with as much safety as a two or three

years old tree. A tree half exhausted by seed
bearing, a hide-bound tree, or a tree half sick or
half starved, cannot be moved without much risk.
Then as to digging, it is Satan tempts us when we
think of the ball of earth. Resist him and all his
works. If the tree be say three feet round and
twenty feet high, commence six feet from the
trunk and dig a circle two feet wide, and full two
feet deep. When this is done half the cost of the
job is done. Then with a digging fork and spade
together dig out under the tree, so that it seems to
stand on an inverted pyramid. Then with the
fork clean out the earth from the upper rim of the
circle, — the earth falls to the bottom of the trench,
and leaves the roots exposed. Take the earth out
of the hole so as to have a clear field to work in,
and get more earth out from under; and then
loosen the rim as before. It will not be long be-
fore the tree has almost nothing to stand on, and
will almost fall over of its own accord. Such a
tree will have a mass of roots twelve to fifteen
feet across, and when properly replanted, scarcely
needs any stakes. To be well planted simply
means to have every cavity about the roots
well filled and packed firm, so that in case of
a heavy rain there is no sinking to be done, but
will be regularly distributed over the whole loos-
ened spot.

Now, as to the cost of this work. Philadelphia
nurserymen will sell, dig and deliver such trees for
from $20 to $25, and, though no one in a respect-
able business warrants a tree to live, any more
than the best lawyers will warrant you to gain a
case, or a physician warrant to cure a sick man,
yet, if they did not generally live there would not be
the trade there is in them. But few have the money
for large trees, — and often they are not to be had
for any money, — our directions are, of course, only
for those who have. Small trees must ever be the
trees for the masses. But the same rules hold
good. A tree, to live, should have a hardy, vig-
orous constitution. There is much more chance
for a vigorous healthy tree, poorly dug, and with
poor roots, than for a badly grown tree with all the
roots it ever had. Sometimes the fact that a tree
has a splendid mass of fibrous roots is against suc-
cess in planting. It is almost impossible, without
care, to get the earth in between them. Nothing
is more surprising to many people to have such
trees die,— but deaths among them are extremely
common, particularly among dense fibrous rooted
Hemlock and Norway spruces. And they are es-
pecially liable to die if they are heavily watered
after planting, as the little earth remaining in

1887. 1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

am^ng the fibres is washed out,
and nothing remains to sustain
the roots.

Trees are too often set on small
places, when shrubs and vines
would be more desirable. These
take less room and give more
variety — and, speaking of vines
there are few things that are more
attractive than a regular vine gar-
den, just as we sometimes have a
special garden of roses, rhodo-
dendrons or other things. The
posts, pillars or frames should be
of galvanized wires — and for vari-
ety, some vines may grow over
rocks or roots. Over dwelling or
other houses, vines should always
be trained. Some few things will
adhere of themselves to the walls,
but galvanized wire frames are by
far the best. A vine-covered
building is usually in the best style
of architecture, and everybody at
once admires it. One of the pret-
tiest houses on the Hudson is
Robert Colgate's residence, at
Riverdale. We give front and back
views of it — one well covered with
vines, the other has not yet become
wholly covered. The gardens
and grounds are beautifully kept
—but any one can see how much
additional beauty the vinecov-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

ered house gives to the scene. It is a principle
in landscape gardening, that art and nature should
gradually combine. The sudden meeting of a
very rural and an artificial feature is always de-
precated. What can gradually grade the two
great domains more beautifully than by running
vines over the buildings ?

COMMUNICATIONS.

ARISTOLOCHIA ELEGANS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

In the winter of 1882, my then employer, Prof.
Richardson, handed me a paper of seed he had just
received from a lady friend in Brazil, without name,
but represented as the prettiest flower in that coun-
try. I took an interest in it, and after the plants
came up, I potted them off in thumbs, and put
them on the bench in the propagating house,
where they stubbornly refused to grow any more.
In making room, some time after, 1 put them out-
side in a cold frame, where they almost immediately
commenced to move and push roots through the
pots. I then placed three small plants in a lo-in.
pot, and stuck a piece of Orange branch in the
centre for them to climb on, as they appeared to
incline that way. I gave them the protection of a
lath-house all summer, where they grew away and
covered the branch. In September, I moved them
to the palm-house, and they bloomed in October
of the same year — the first time, I think, in the
United States— and turned out to be Aristolochia
elegans. We had so many other good things, I
did not think it worth a notice at the time.

The plants seed very freely, and through the
courtesy of my late employer, Dr. T. G. Richard-
son, New Orleans, La., I am enabled to send you
a few. The plant is very interesting. While in
seed, the pod bursts open and remains suspended
half full of seed, the seed hanging by five or six
thread-like appendages, which combine into one
higher up, and give the plant the appearance of
being covered all over with httle hanging-baskets.

Seed was distributed by me at that time in Bel-
gium, France, England and other places, and I
understand is now advertised as a novelty by a
London firm. It is also the subject of a notice by
your correspondent " G. W. O.," in the Monthly
for November. The plant is very well worth culti-
vation. Georgetown, D. C.

[Dr. Richardson, and a lady near Philadelphia,
have also kindly sent seeds, the latter observing

that it blooms beautifully during the summer in
the open air near that city. — Ed. G. M.]

HER MAJESTY ROSE.

BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

With what a sound of trumpets was this rose
ushered upon the confiding florists. Its immense
flowers, its vigorous growth and all its other good
qualities were lauded to the very highest. We poor
mortals thought a new creation far superior to any-
thing ever heard of before had appeared among
roses ; but, alas, where is it ? — with most of florists,
crowded in some corner, covered with mildew,
looking ashamed of itself.

By-the-by, do those who shouted its praises the
most, grow it without mildew? If they do, would
they give one loud shout as to how they do it, and
relieve poor confiding florists like myself, who have
a number of plants we are ashamed of seeing our-
selves, much less letting others see.

Youngstown,*0.

LILIES.

BY REV. E. P. POWELL.

I cannot understand how a man like C. M.
Hovey can say, " A layer of 6 inches of well-rotted
cow manure, placed 5 or 6 inches below the bulbs,
is the best fertilizer I have tried for lilies." The
fact is, that most of the lilies abhor manure, and

Vill die at the touch of it — that is, they rot. The
Speciosums, especially, detest it. The lilies need
one of two things— either simply good garden soil,
or a mixture of rich soil with sand and swamp
earth. Our native lilies all prefer moist swamp
soil, but they do superbly well in any good flower
lawn when manure is kept away from them. Can-
didum requires ordinary soil, and prefers loose
clay that is well worked ; and no manure. Aura-
tum will endure careful stimulating. My rule is,
feed up your roses, but let your lilies diet on na-
ture's provisions. Of course I do not mean, neglect

' them. Clinton, N. V.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Honeysuckle Trellises. — Honeysuckles are
usually grown on trellises, — but some very pretty
effects in gardening can be obtained by training
some of the more bushy kind, like Hall's Japan or
the Evergreen, on straight poles. They must, of
course, be strong and durable, or they will rot be-
fore the vines produce the desired effect.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

MiNA LOBATA. — Any one familiar with the
common "Morning Glory" of our gardens, would
hardly suppose that they had a close relative in
the plant here described,— but Dr. Masters says

is so very different from most of the Ipomoeas,
that we think it more convenient to preserve the
garden name. Messrs. Haage & Schmidt of Er-
furt have the credit of re-introducing it. These

Mina lobata : Part of the plant from a photograph after nature, much reduced.

of it that it "is a Mexican annual chmbing plant,
figured in the Botanical Register, 1842, t. 24, but
lost sight of since. By modern botanists it is in-
cluded under Ipomcea, but the form of the flower

gentlemen speak of the plant as really magnifi-
cent, and express surprise that so remarkable a
climber should have been suffered to go out of
cultivation."

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

They further say of it :

"This really magnificent and most attractive
climbing plant has been admired by all visitors of
our establishment during the whole summer. One
would scarcely believe that such a lovely plant
after once being introduced to European Gardens
could be lost again, but such is the case with this

Mina lobata : portion of flower- stalk. Flowers or-
ange to red, nat. size.

plant although it seeds as freely as the Cypress
Vine (Ipomoea Quamocht). It was introduced
about 50 years ago, as Loudon in his Encyclopae-
dia of plants mentions the year 1841 as the time of
its first introduction to Europe from Mexico. The
plant must have been flowering in the gardens of

the Royal Horticultural Society of London in
1842, an illustration having been published in the
Botanical Register that same year. We suppose
the plants did not bring any seeds to maturity and
this may be the reason why this remarkable plant
has disappeared again, as it happened with a good
many other fine ornamental plants cultivated in
gardens about that time.

"The genus Mina (named after Don Francisco
Xavier Mina, a Mexican minister) is closely al-
lied to Ipomoea and resembles in growth and its
three-lobed foliage the several species of this
family, but totally different are the flowers as con-
cerns their form and their lovely colors. The
flowers appear on fork-like racemes bearing them-
selves upright or almost erect out of the dense and
luxuriant foliage and present thus with their
colors an extraordinarily striking aspect ; the
flowers are as buds at first bright red but change
through orange yellow to yellowish white when in
full bloom. Another interesting and most singular
feature of this plant is, that it retains the racemes
developed at first during the whole flowering
season ; the buds growing successively at the tops
of the racemes, while the flowers after blooming
for a considerable time fade, bearing thus contin-
ually clusters of flowers from the bottom up to the
highest vine of the plant. The oldest racemes
attained a length of 15 to 18 inches until the end
of September and had produced 30 to 40 individ-
ual flowers on each fork-like raceme, of which
were 6 to 10 in full bloom or in colored buds at
one time. The tube-like flowers are borne uni-
lateral and almost horizontal on the upright
racemes and measure when fully developed three
quarters of an inch in length while the uppermost
colored bud is only one eighth of an inch long.
This plant proved to be a very rapid growing
climber under our cultivation, the seeds were
sown in March and the seedlings cultivated in
pots until the middle of May, when they were
planted out in the open ground and at the begin-
ning of August had formed pyramids of over 18
feet in height well furnished with green luxuriant
foliage and profusely covered with flowers, as will
be seen by the annexed illustration which shows a
part of one pyramid reduced from a photograph.
It thrives well on sunny situations and is well
suited for covering arbors, trellises, etc., on
account of its rapid growth and great dimensions."

In a colored plate before us, issued by Haage &
Schmidt, one is represented as growing over six
stakes tied at the top cone, or tent-shaped, and it
must be a truly beautiful object. As these plants
thrive so well in our country it will be a welcome
guest to American flower gardens. Seeds no
doubt can be had of most of the leading seedsmen
the coming spring.

Tuberous-rooted Begonias. — Mr. William F.
Dreer finds that if these are planted where water
can drain rapidly away, — and yet get plenty of
water, the plants thrive wonderfully, and are among
the most beautiful of summer blossoming plants.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Chrysanthemums in May.— A Mr. Easton, of
Sunbury, in England, has succeeded in getting
Chrysanthemums to bloom in May, instead of the
usual November time. Much of the popularity of
the Chrysanthemum comes from its season of
blooming, and we fancy the May blossoming
will be no more welcome than snow in harvest.

W. F. Bennett Rose. — French rose-growers
do not seem to be willing to concede that this rose
will, in any way, supersede General Jacqueminot.

Large Pansies.— Mr. W. Atlee Burpee, of Phil-
adelphia, making a specialty of Pansies, claims
they can be raised to measure 3}^ inches across.

Daffodil Seed. — In olden times, when daffo-
dils were daffodils and nothing more, they were
not known to seed. Now that the flower has been
raised to something of dignity, the camel's hair
brush has been brought into requisition, and pol-
len applied to the stigmas. Since then daffodil
seed has actually become an article of trade.

Grafting Euonymus. — The common Euony-
mus is often used as a stock on which to graft the
various evergreen Japanese kinds, and, strange as
it may appear, the deciduous character of the stock
does not seem to affect the scion in the least— at
all events so far as my experience extends, and I
have some hundreds treated in this way as well as
on their own roots. The grafted plants certainly
grow the faster, and suckers or shoots from the
base of the plant do not seem likely to be any
trouble. One thing with regard to grafted plants |
is that by employing strong vigorous young seed-
lings as stocks, standards can be formed if desired,
for the Euonymus is by no means difficult to graft.
They had better be kept under glass till the union
is complete. In this way I have seen the creeping
E. radicans in quite a new character, viz., grafted
on a branching head of the Spindle tree, about 5
feet high. As several grafts were put on closely
together, a dense head of foliage was formed,
whence the long flexible shoots hung down for
some distance. — Alpha, in Garden.

We re-produce this as affording a useful hint to
our propagators, as so much useful material in
ornamental gardening may be afforded by these
plants. The only drawback in America to the use-*
fulness of the Euonymus is the fondness of a
species of scale insect for them.

The Disease ofthe Day. — According to Jour-
nal des Roses, sending out new seedlings is the
"maladie dujour."

Good Summer Climbing Annuals. — Every-
body knows how pretty common Nasturiums are,
— the Maurandia Barclayana is also well known.
A very pretty plant not as generally cultivated is
the Lophospermum scandens. It is allied to the
Maurandia and is a good companion plant.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Rose Seedlings in California.— California
has astonished the world by succeeding with al-
most every variety of fruit that will do well in the
rest ofthe world. Now they are working up flowers,
and attending somewhat to the improvement ofthe
rose. Mr. Gustave Eisen, of Fresno, raised last
year in the neighborhood of 1,000 seedlings. It is
believed that something good will come from these
efforts.

A New Type of Dahlia.— The " new German"
is the type of a new class of Dahlia that promises
to be popular. It is remarkable, says the Revue
Horticole, as having the appearance of massy
fringe. The flowers are very double, and are quite
as pretty as the original type.

A Good Violet.— The Gardening IVor/d ssiys:
" Archie Grant is a grand purplish blue Viola, and
one of the finest we have. Even for the production
of flowers for gathering both that and Countess of
Kintore are invaluable, as the bloom-stems are
so long and the bloom so distinct and hand-
some."

Ampelopsis japonica.— Some of the English
nurserymen are selling our common poison vine,
Rhus radicans, under this name, and are being
badly punished for their deceit or ignorance. The
newspapers report numbers being badly poisoned
by handling or cutting it. They will be as sorry
for introducing this pest after awhile, as Americans
are for importing their sparrows.

Primula Sieboldii.— This Japan species, very
distinct from other species of Primrose, seems
growing in favor as a pot flower in Europe,— and
may rival the good old Chinese primrose in popu-
lar affection before long.

Acer colchicum rubrum.— This Japan maple
— more properly Acer laentum, — when young
makes two growths a year, and the second growth
is of a beautiful winy red. When the tree gets
older, it rarely makes these red leaves. There has
now been produced in France a tricolored form.
As given in the chromo-lithographs, it is very beau-
tiful, the leaves being mottled with green, red and
white. If this color comes on the regular foliage,
and not merely on second growths, it will be a
highly-prized addition to our ornamental maples.

New Double Pomegranate. — A double red
variety, but with the petals margined with white,
has been produced in France. There is also a
double white one there.

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[January,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Of Leaves as Manure. — A Philadelphia lady
writes : " Please give me your opinion of the use-
fulness or uselessness of dry leaves. I have ob-
served people very diligent in gathering them, and
I have wished my grandchildren and servant to do
the same, believing that when dry they would be
good for horses' beds, and afterward useful on the
ground. The man who does our work, says bed-
ding horses on leaves makes them hard to clean,
and he had been told they would not decay so as
to be useful to the ground, for seven years. Please
give me your opinion."

[Leaves are not good bedding for houses when
extra cleanliness is desirable, as the somewhat
spongy character of the mass does not allow the
moisture to escape as straw does, while small par-
ticles of the broken leaves are difficult to get out.
As a bedding for cows there is not so much objec-
tion. The leaves would probably be sufficiently
decayed for use in less than seven years, especially
if mixed with stable manure in a high state of fer-
mentation,—but it does take some time in an ordi-
nary way for leaves to decay, and, unless they are

thoroughly decayed they are apt to communicate
root fungus to vegetation, which is one of the most
insidious causes of injury to crops that the gar-
dener has to deal with. — Ed. G. M.]

Preserving an Injured Tree. — " Miss E. J.
D.," Nicholasville, Ky., says: "About six years
ago a magnificent oak tree was struck by light-
ning and a groove some three or four inches deep
was burnt in the tree about twenty feet from the
ground down. Will you please inform me through
the columns of the Gardeners' Monthly how I
may arrest the decay that has already begun ? "

[Water is the great agent of decay in these
cases. Cut or scrape out all decayed material
down to hard or solid wood, so far as it can be
reached, even though a little good wood has to be
cut away to get at it, and cut so that no water can
be retained anywhere ; then paint every part of
the hard surface that can be reached. In this
manner decay will be arrested, until in time by
the regular accretions of new growth, the edges
of the living parts will meet and unite, and only
the mark formed where the new growths meet, as
in a grafted part of a tree, will be the only indica-
tion that it ever was injured, — Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

There is much hesitation as to when plants
should be potted or repotted. The rule among
gardeners is to repot just before the plant begins
to grow, or while it is growing freely. It should
never be repotted when at rest ; or if it is necessary
to repot then, the soil should be kept rather dry
till some signs of growth are apparent. At the
first potting, when the plant is taken from the
ground or in any event, the rule is to get into the
smallest size pot that the roots can be pressed into,
and as soon as growth commences, to repot into one
just a size larger. Where the very best success in
plant culture is desired with strong growing
plants they get three or sometimes four shifts a
year.

If a plant has a large quantity of earth in propor-
tion to roots, the continual watering is apt to make
the soil sour, as gardeners term it, unless the
drainage is very perfect indeed. In such cases it

is said that the plant suffers from over-potting.
When the plant is to be repotted, the soil can
scarcely be too dry, and it is rammed in between
the old ball and new pot as firmly as possible. It
is very important to health that the drainage
should be good. The hole at the bottom of the
pot is to let out the water, and this should be
covered with pieces of broken pot or gravel,
broken brick, or something that will assist the
water to escape, — and on this a piece of moss or
something that will prevent the earth from clog-
ging up the spaces between the material. All this
trouble is only taken where the very best results
from plant growing are desirable. Potting and
watering are among the most critical conditions of
success in plant growing.

Window plants suffer much at this season from
the high and dry temperature at which it is nec-
essary for human comfort to keep our dwellings.
Air can seldom be admitted from the lowness of
the external temperature. Saucers of water under

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

the plants do much to remedy the aridity from
which room plants suffer. In such cases, how-
ever, so much water must not be given to plants
as to those without saucers. The water is drawn up
into the soil by attraction ; and though the surface
will appear dry, they will be wet enough just
beneath.

The more freely a plant is growing, the more
water will it require ; and the more it grows, the
more sun and light will it need. In all cases,
those which seem to grow the fastest should be
placed nearest the light. The best aspect for
room plants is the south-east. They seem like
animals in their affection for the morning sun.
The first morning ray is worth a dozen in the
evening. Should any of our fair readers find her
plants, by some unlucky calculation, frozen in
the morning, do not remove them at once to a
warm place, but dip them in cold water, and set
them in a dark spot, where they will barely escape
freezing. Sunlight will only help the frost's de-
structive powers.

The temperature of the greenhouse at this season
should be maintained at about 50°, allowing it to
rise 10° or 15° under the full sun, and sinking 10°
or so in the night. Though many of our practical
brethren differ from us — men, for some of whose
opinions we entertain the highest respect — we do
not recommend a very great difference between
night and day temperature; we think iqO ample
allowance. It is following nature, no doubt, but
we would rather strive to beat nature. She can
not make the specimens we do, nor flower them so
beautifully or profusely ; and in many other re-
spects we think the practical gardener can much
improve on her red tape notions and old-fashioned

courses.

«-•-» ■ —

COMMUNICATIONS.

CLERODENDRON BALFOURI.

BY STEWART RITCHIE.

This fine hot-house climber deserves more at-
tention than it generally gets. It should have a
place in every collection of plants, however small.
To flower it perfectly, it requires a good season of
rest, as it belongs to the deciduous section of the
Clerodendron family. As a winter flowering sub-
ject, there are few things that I am acquainted
with to equal it. I have a plant that at the present
time is perfectly covered with bloom, and will last
in good condition till after the holidays, which is
no small item at this dull season of the year, when
flowers are always scarce. Taking into considera-

tion the ease with which it can be flowered at any
time of the year, it is a great pity it is not more
generally grown. ' Waterville, New York.

NOTES ON WINTER DECORATIVE
PLANTS.

BY CULTIVATOR.

In private establishments, where space is often
limited, it requires no little skill and forethought to
keep up the needed supply of flowering plants, for
house and conservatory decoration, during the dull,
sunless months of winter, together with the never-
ceasing demand for cut flowers. The object of
these notes is, to touch, in a general way, upon a
few subjects, not af all rare and expensive, but in-
dispensable to the private gardener, who is re-
quired to grow that which is good to look at, as
well as that which is good to cut at.

The number of plants suited for winter work are
legion. The season may be said to be inaugurated
with the Chrysanthemums, among which are
forms and colors enough to please the most, fas-
tidious. Young plants of these are always pre-
ferable, planted out in May, regularly pinched un-
til July, lifted and potted by middle of September,
getting them well estabhshed before bringing in-
doors. This is the most economical way of grow-
ing them, for general decorative purposes ; but if
very fine flowers are required, pot culture is pre-
ferable, and when resorted to, unremitting atten-
tion must be paid to watering, and potting on as
required, otherwise it had better not be attempted,
for it is sure to end in failure. Good associates
with these are the Double Geraniums, (or more
properly Pelargoniums) among which are so many
beautiful colors. Young plants grown on in pots
plunged out of doors, with the flowers kept off
until the middle of September will be found to
give good results. Then there are the Stevias and
Eupatoriums ; these are best kept in pots through-
out the summer, as when planted out they make
too rank a growth. The Heliotrope for early flow-
ering, is amenable to the same treatment, also cut-
tings put in in September and grown on, will
make beautiful little plants by the holidays, which
will be found useful for many purposes. If, after
these show signs of being worn out, they are well
cut back, and when just breaking, given a liberal
shift, they will again flower by March. Salvia
splendens, treated in the same way makes a
beautiful plant, of light graceful habit, for conser-
vatory arrangement. If a batch of Tuberoses is
potted up in July, and brought on out of doors,
they will be objects of great beauty for the con-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

servatory during October and November, as well
as useful to cut at. The Carnations, Bouvardias and
Roses will form a good succession to the Chrysan-
themums. Libonia Floribunda and Penrhosiensis
are pretty subjects, coming in about the New Year.
Nothing is prettier for the front row in a conser"
vatory than an alternate plant of Libonia Pen-
rhosiensis and Roman Hyacinth. Another plant
of great merit for winter work, is Linum trigynum,
supplying a color quite rare in flowering plants at
that season of the year. This is a hungry plant,
and must be well fed. It is very subject to red
spider, and during the growing season the syringe
must be vigorously applied. Any one who loves
Abutilons, should plant them out in summer, and
take cuttings of the flowers or leading shoots in
September. When rooted, grow on into 4-inch
pots, by that time they will begin to flower;
plants less than i foot high, clothed with large
healthy foliage to the rim of the pot. I cannot
too highly recommend this method of growing
Abutilons. We had a number grown in this way
last winter that were the surprise and admiration
of all who saw them, the flowers far surpassing in
size ; those usually borne out of doors a tempera-
ture of 50° will keep them in bloom all winter.
The English Wallflowers, will be always admired
for their sweet odor. We sow these in a shady
corner last of May, and pot up in October. We
find them of immense value, both for the conserva-
tory and for cutting. The Dutch bulbs, such as
Hyacinths, Tulips and Narcissus should be potted
at intervals to insure succession. Other pretty
bulbs requiring the same treatment are Tritelea
uniflora and Allium Neapolitanum. Then there
is the favorite Freesia refracta alba with its sweet
odor, and the much talked of Amaryllis Treatas
will be admired. Astilbe Japonica, with its feath-
ery white flowers.will add grace and beauty to any
conservatory arrangement, and is so amenable to
forcing that a long succession can be obtained.
We find imported clumps give the best results ; in-
deed in this latitude we have never been able to
bring them through the summer to our satisfaction.
Deutzia gracilis should be in every collection ; fancy
a bush draped with Lily of the Valley. For very
early forcing it is best grown throughout the sum-
mer in pots, as then it ripens up its wood earher, a
point of great importance in the forcing of all such
plants.

The Chinese Primulas, Calceolarias and Ciner-
arias, are indispensable for all conservatory work.
Of the Primulas, we usually make three sowings,
March, April and May. They require careful

nursing, through the hot summer months, but well
repay the labor. The Cinerarias and Calceolarias
are best not sown until September. If they can be
given a temperature of from 45° to 50° through the
winter months they will make rapid progress and
come into flower in February and March. Few
things give a conservatory a gayer appearance
than a well- grown batch of Calceolarias. Cycla-
men Persicum and its varieties combine beauty of
foliage and flower, and a well-grown Cyclamen
will be admired in the choicest arrangement,
whether it be in the conservatory or the drawing-
room. The best time to sow them is September, in
well-drained pots or pans, filled to within % inch
of the top with some light rich soil ; cover the seeds
about y% inch deep, place a pane of glass over
them and keep dark. They take a considerable
time to germinate, and the cultivator must exercise
great care in watering, so as not to get the soil
sour. By the middle of November they should be
potted into very small pots and kept well up to the
glass in a temperature of 55° throughout the
winter. As the season advances, they must be
potted on as required. The best summer quarters
for them— the first season — is a cool, shady green-
house. A look-out should be kept for thrips, to
which they are very subject. The next season they
can be planted out and lifted before frost.

Among more tender things that will stand re-
moval to the conservatory for a time without in-
jury may be mentioned the Poinsettias, which help
to make so gay the hohday season, with their bracts
of dazzling scarlet. Young plants of these usually
give the finest heads. They can be propagated
from cuttings of either the old or young wood.
They do well, plunged out of doors during the
summer, but should be housed early, as they are
very tender, and any lengthened exposure to cold
causes them to lose their lower leaves. They
will open their bracts to perfection in a tempera-
ture of 65° and delight in copious supplies of li-
quid manure. When fully expanded they can be
removed to the conservatory,where they will be in
perfection for a long time. Eucharls Amazonica
is another gem among flowering plants that can be
had in perfection almost any time at the will of the
cultivator. It flowers best when a little pot-bound.
For winter flowering it should be encouraged to
finish up its growth by September, when a rest of
from six or eight weeks should be given by remov-
ing to a cooler house or a shady place out of doors,
only giving sufficient water to keep the foUage from
suffering. After the needed rest, if subjected to a
temperature of from 65° to 70°, it will almost be

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

certain to flower, provided the plant is strong
enough. A great point in the successful flowering
of this plant is to regulate its seasons of growth
and rest. It makes its growth immediately after
flowering, and every leaf should be fully developed
before putting to rest.

Last, but not least, let me say one word in com^
mendation of those beautiful gems of the floral
world, the Orchids. I will not enter into any de-
tails, as I have already taken up too much of your
valuable space ; suffice it to say that many of them
are as well adapted for decorative purposes as any
of those which I have enumerated, and can be
grown as cheaply and with far less labor. It is
not expense and labor, but a thorough knowledge
of their requirements, that is the key to their suc-
cessful cultivation. South Virginia.

GESNERAS.

BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

This beautiful class of plants is not nearly so
largely cultivated as their merits deserve. Not
only do they have beautiful flowers, but a good
many of them have very handsome foliage, mak-
ing them well worthy of culture for this alone.

This class of plants is easily cultivated, and in-
sects do not bother them very much. As they
make their growth during summer, there is gener-
ally plenty of room in the greenhouse to allow them
to fully develop their beauty ; for, hke everything
else, if neglected and crowded too much they do
not make very attractive specimens.

About April, take the roots out of the pots in
which they have been resting during winter ; re-
pot in other pots, using good fibrous peat and well-
rotted cow manure, say four parts of peat to one
of manure ; add to this plenty of sand, for as
water during this season of growth has to be
abundantly supplied, it is necessary that it pass
freely through the soil. Perfect drainage is also
needed, even when grown in small pots.

As the pots get full of roots, weak liquid man-
ure should be applied to maintain their vigor un-
til their flowers are produced. By allowing them
to get into a starving condition, the flowers pro-
duced are generally weak and poorly colored.
After the flowering is past, care should be taken
not to dry the roots too soon, as upon the thorough
maturing of the tubers depends the following sea-
son's growth and blossoms.

While they require an abundance of water at the
roots and a moist atmosphere, they should at no
time be syringed overhead. Not only is this ap-

plicable to this class of plants, but Gloxineas, Ty-
deas and Plectropomas cannot endure water on
their foliage, while all, during the time they are
making their growth, require abundance of it at
the roots.

The finest varieties having beautiful fohage are
G. zebrina, with its velvety leaves beautifully mar-
bled, the flowers an orange scarlet. G. Exoniensis.
— This beautiful variety has dark, velvety leaves
of fine habit, flowers scarlet, a yellow throat.
G. Cinnabarina. — The flowers of this variety are
a bright red with light throat. The foliage is re-
markably handsome ; the bright-colored hairs on
the velvety green give it an attractive appearance.
Youngstowtf, Ohio.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Good Basket Plants. — For hanging-baskets
in rooms where there is some shade, there are few
things better than the running varieties of Trades-
cantias, the various sorts of Begonias, and especi-
ally the different kinds of Ivy-leaf Geranium.
The latter indeed proves to be the gem of basket
plants.

Bulb Vase. — A very pretty style is described
by the Revue Horticole. It is globular with a
small opening at the apex in which a Hyacinth is
planted. The globular portion is full of holes,
from which Crocusses emerge. This combination
is in harmony with the configuration of the vase
and the effect is very pleasing to an artistic taste.

Dandelion as a Window Plant. — Since our
notice of the successful culture of the Dandelion
as a window plant by a Philadelphia lady, the
gardening papers of the Old World are filled with
paragraphs recommending it. It is to be observed,
however, that it requires to be in the full sunlight
if we would have the full benefit of its golden
blossoms. They do not expand fully where there
is no sun.

Type of a First-class Hyacinth. — Judges
often hesitate as to how to decide on the contest-
ing merits of Hyacinths. One rule is, that the
leaves should be broad and healthy, but not too
long, and not project much above where the
flowers begin on the spike. The flower head with
its sustaining stalk should be nearly double the
length of the leaves. The flower head itself
should form a regular cylinder, though slightly
tapering at the top.

Chrysanthemums and the Cut Flower
Trade.— November has been a serious month

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

with cut flower growers in large cities. The rage
for chrysanthemums threw other flowers out of a
great measure of popularity, and spoiled the sales.

Insecticides. — L. Henry, in the Belgian Bul-
letin de Floriculture, contends that after trying
the various special manufactured remedies, he is
convinced that tobacco juice in its different forms
is still the best insecticide.

Thanatophore. — This is the French name of a
machine for the vaporization of nicotine to be used
in insect destruction.

Lilacs in Pots. — Few plants are better suited
for forcing when properly prepared, than the
above, and certainly as a rule, when well-grown
are thoroughly appreciated, and yet how seldom
do we meet with them even fairly cared for.
Procure sufficient stock of the common white and
purple varieties from a nursery, and pot them into
1 2-inch pots, using a good strong loam and pot-
ting quite firm ; if lifted, as they probably will be
from the open ground, place them where they will
be shaded from the direct rays of the sun, and
where they may be frequently syringed until they
recover from the lifting, which will be seen by
their making a start into growth.

After removing them from the house place them
in any shady corner for a few days, until the foli-
age becomes hardened and able to stand the
weather ; now select some quite open situation,
having a west aspect, if possible, and plunge the
pots 2 inches under the soil in rows sufficiently
wide to allow the sun and air to have free access,
and also to allow of the plants being watered
when necessary, also to keep free from weeds ;
they will need no further attention, and can be
lifted as required. Of course, it is necessary to
encourage as free a growth as possible to ensure
good heads of flower. After the plants have been
forced they should be gradually hardened off pre-
paratory to being again plunged out of doors, and
it will be necessary to cut them back, roughly
pruning them into shape only ; and it will be
hardly necessary for me to say that the same
plants will not be ready for forcing the following
season, but in alternate years, so that it is neces-
sary to provide a double stock. — Gardening

World.

— — «-■-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Oil and Sulphur for Mildew. — "J. S.," Wil-
mington, Del., inquires: "On Colonel Dupont's
place is a large greenhouse full of flowers, with a
large rose bed at the warmest end. The green-

house is heated by a flue near the fire. The flue is
over two feet from the wall. Could I put the oil
and sulphur on the wall to kill the mildew on the
roses ? No danger of the sulphur to burn at that
distance ? Would the mixture do any harm to the
flowers ? If not, what kind of oil is used ? An an-
swer through the Gardeners' Monthly will be
thankfully received."

[Linseed oil and sulphur, as a remedy for mil-
dew, has only been used in our experience on hot-
water pipes, and we cannot say what would be the
result from painting the wall 2 feet from the flue.
Without the actual experience it would be difficult
to guess at the result, except that it could not pos-
sibly be injurious.

In regard to the use of this remedy on hot-water
pipes it must also be borne in mind that there is a
peculiar odor from the wash on pipes, which is ob-
jectionable to some. It is not disagreeable to the
writer of this, nor perhaps to many others, but all
persons are not constituted alike. In a gentleman's
or lady's conservatory, where persons of varied
tastes are expected to enjoy themselves among the
odors of flowers, we should doubt the expediency
of one unvariable odor from sulphur and oil, and
should prefer the sulphur remedy alone without
the oil.— Ed. G. M.]

A Cure for Mildew. — Our excellent French
correspondent, Mr. Jean Sisley, says that it has
been found in that country that about 6 pounds of
salt to loo quarts of water has been found a com-
plete cure for mildew and other low cryptogamic
forms of plant life that bother the cultivator. This
is likely to be a very valuable hint. Salt has al-
ways been known to be injurious to vegetation, in
large quantity, but it has not been known that a
smaller quantity will kill fungi, and yet not harm
the higher forms of vegetation. It seems to us that
even a lesser quantity than that named might be
used first with the water.

Flowering of the Harris Lily. — A corres-
pondent, "R. J. M.," Chestnut Hill, Pa., under date
of November 27, 1886, writes : " I have a Bermuda
Lily bulb, but don't know how to plant it for the
best, as I would like to have it flower about Easter.
What kind of soil is best to plant it in ? Should I
keep it in the dark or not ?"

[It is now too late to give any instruction that
will benefit the correspondent, so as to have it in
bloom at Easter. There is not much to be said at
any rate as regards potting, as the Lily requires
nothing peculiar from other bulbs. It delights in
a very rich soil, and to have the bulb set as low

[8870

AND HORTICULTURIST.

13

down in the pot as practicable. Like all bulbs,
it is best to keep it in the dark for a little while,
because all roots push best in the dark. In
forcing Lilies the increase of heat should be
gradual, in order to have the best results. When
potted place in a temperature of about 45° for
a couple of weeks, then 55°, and finally 65° to
hasten flowering.

Beautiful Chrysanthemums. — A box of very
fine Chrysanthemums reached us on the 15th of
November last, from Mr. John F. Clark, of
Maud, Bucks co., Pa. They were remarkable for

vigorous flower stems, and healthy foliage, and
some of the flowers were 5 inches across. If Mr.
C. would join in competition at the exhibitions
we think the fate of some successful exhibitors
would hang in the balance.

Geranium, Mrs. Andrews.— Mr. A. W. Mar-
gan, of Danville, 111., has raised a seedling which is
described as singularly beautiful. The flowers
are described by a committee of ladies fond of
amateur gardening, as " forming an almost perfect
ball of coral red." The ladies give it the name of
Mrs. Andrews.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

First, look after the nutrition of the trees.
Some people say that land which will raise good
corn will grow good fruit trees, which is all
right ; but they should add that, like corn,
they require regular and continuous manur-
ing. There are some parts of the country
where corn can be successively taken for half
a lifetime without manure. On these soils
we need not manure fruit trees, but in all others
we must, to have good results. This is particu-
larly essential where trees are grown in grass, as
both the trees and the grass require food. Where
trees are grown in grass, we prefer top-dressing
in June or July ; but if it has not been done then
do it now. Where trees are kept under clean
surface-culture, the manure is of course ploughed
or harrowed in with the crop in the spring of the
year. To know whether trees require manure or
not, ask the leaves. If in July they are of a dark
rich green, nothing need be done to them ; but if
they have a yellow cast, hunger is what is the
matter. This, of course, is supposing they are
not infested by borers, in which case they will be
yellowish in the richest soil.

In asparagus culture it is usual to put a thick
coating of manure over the beds in the fall, and
even yet if it has not been done it will pay to do
so, provided the frost is not in the ground. For
one of the objects of covering is to keep the frost
out. Early asparagus is very desirable, and it is
much earlier when the ground has not to be
thawed out before the plant can grow. It loves

rich food, so that the covering serves a double
purpose. In small gardens, where every foot of
ground is desirable, early radishes and lettuce can
be sown on the asparagus bed.

It will be well to note what has been said about
linseed oil in a previous vjolume. There is no
doubt but it will destroy scale and improve the
health of the trees ; but in a few cases it has been
destructive, evidently from the use of mineral oil,
and not pure linseed. The purity of the article
should be ascertained. Trees that have suffered
badly from scale often get hide-bound— a slitting
up and down with the pruning knife will set them
on their feet again.

This is generally supposed to be the pruning
season. Orchard trees generally get too much
pruning. In young trees only thin out so as not
to have the main leaders crossing or interfering
with one another. Or when a few shoots grow
much stronger than the rest, cut these away.
Insist on all the branches in young trees growing
only on a perfect equality. On older trees which
have been in bearing a number of years, it will
often benefit to cut away a large portion of the
bearing limbs. By a long series of bearings,
branches will often get bark-bound and stunted,,
preventing the free passage of the sap to the
leaves. In such cases the sap seems to revenge
itself by forcing out vigorous young shoots a long
way down from the top of the tree. It is down to
these vigorous young shoots that we would cut the
bearing branches away. One must use his own
judgment as to the advisability of this. If the tree
bears as fine and luscious fruit as ever, of course

14

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January

no sucb severe work need be done, but if not, then
now IS the time.

This keeping out of borers, especially in the ap-
ple, is one of the most desirable things in fruit
culture. Many prefer to wait till they see signs of
sawdust at the ground, and then kill them by run-
ning a wire into the holes by the help of a jack
knife. But it is best to keep them out altogether.
A waxy grease, with some tar added, painted
thickly about the base of the trunk, and just under
the ground, is the best remedy. The insect keeps
clear of this mixture, and goes to the trees of your
neighbor to lay its eggs in preference to yours.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE JAPAN PEAR AS A STOCK.

BY MAX,

It must be confessed that the introduction of
Japanese varieties has not added anything very
desirable to the pear orchard, if adaptability to the
table is sought. For culinary purposes several
varieties have proven very serviceable and their
vigor of growth, early and abundant bearing
qualities will cause a demand for the kitchen
garden or orchard.

The great benefit, however, to be derived from
their culture will be in their use as a stock on
which to work the finer varieties. Especially will
this be the case in the middle and southern states.
Even here in Virginia the summers are too hot
and dry for the pear either on native or French
stocks to succeed well ; consequently owing to our
long summers we frequently have the added dis-
advantage of a second or autumn growth.

Several years' experience has demonstrated that
varieties budded on the Japanese stock have re-
sisted the heat, held their foliage and continued
to grow until October, while the same budded on
French stocks ceased to grow in July, often start-
ing again in September.

How far the increased vigor and vitality of the
stock may tend to resist blight is a question ; but
there must be an improvement in that direction
also. So far as known the blight has not attacked
the Japan peaf. The late Chas. Downing wrote
two years since that a tree over thirty years old
had never shown any signs of it, and it may rea-
sonably be supposed that varieties worked upon it
will derive resisting power from its hardiness and
vigor.

To nurserymen they will prove an unalloyed
blessing. They can be budded from May until

October, and the work must be most unskillfuUy
done if 98 per cent, do not grow. You may im-
agine, Mr. Editor, what a feeling of contentment
that will give a nurseryman who has sometimes
had difficulty in obtaining a stand of pear buds.
But perhaps you never had that experience. Just
think of it, Winter-Nehs, Beurre Gris d'Hiver and
such like, making handsome trees in the nursery.
Don't you say, welcome to our Japanese friends ?
Richmond, Va.
[Though many suggestions have been made to
use the Sand pear as a stock, there seem"? to be
nothing on record that it has been tried. If any-
one has had experience, we should be glad to
know the result. As our correspondent suggests
there is every probability that it would be in many
respects advantageous. As a matter of fact the
tree is not free from attacks of the fire blight. The
Chinese quince might make a good intermediate
stock. Its growth in this part of the world is more
vigorous than the common quince,— Ed, G. M.]

NOTES ON FRUITS, AND SEASON IN
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.

Six inches of snow on the 9th of November sug-
gests that the harvest is over, and that a summary
of its products will not be out of season.

Somewhat drier than the average, the summer
was, nevertheless, a very satisfactory one, and the
autumn, at its close, with its gold and crimson
maples, and its scarlet and purple-tinted oaks,
made our hills and valleys a scene of beauty be-
yond pen-power of description.

Viewed from the stand-point of fruitage, the year
has been a favorable one ; thanks to railroads in
all directions, our strawberry season of three weeks,
years ago, is now protracted to nearly three times
as long, and the novelties in this department, while
contending with each other for popular favor, incur
some rivalry also from early raspberries and black-
berries, cultivated more now than formerly.

Grapes come to our market from the southern
shore of Lake Erie, and our grocers keep them
imported from California, but in this region they
are not a success, largely for want of proper cul-
ture. If our farmers would cut out all old wood,
leaving, to a large stalk, not more than four or five
stout red canes of the season's growth, without any
side branches whatever, and lay the vines down
on the ground last of October, and cover them with
leaves until about the first of May, they would find
the wood plenty thick enough next season, and

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

IS

success much more common than they now do. I
find no difficulty in having an abundance of ripe
Delaware grapes every season with the above
treatment. It is better to grow a vine on a southern
porch than one facing the east, and a tree some
distance away m^ay be useful, when there is a frost,
to screen a vine from the morning sun. Farmers
should know well what kind of vines to plant by
having seen and tasted the fruit before confiding
too much in agents offering high-priced novelties.
Under glass, the season of 1886 in this region
was such that one could utilize the three condi-
tions of success indicated by Downing, viz.: plenty
of water, of heat and of air. Taking my vines up
on the 1 6th of April, using no fire heat, keeping
the ventilators open a great part of the time and
■watering liberally, all the black varieties colored
and matured well, the Rose Chasselas never before
was so uniformly colored red, a Frontinac de Sau-
mur ripened its fruit fully by August 25, a loanec
grape ripened August 27, and Buckland, Sweet-
water and Golden Hamburg vines produced very
large fruit, exceedingly beautiful in color and
transparency, but showing, as they characteristic-
ally often do. a very few soft berries among]] the
sound ones, without any apparent cause for so
doing.

In a smaller vinery, with a southern exposure,
treated in the same way as the foregoing, the
Muscat Hamburg ripened and colored this year
better than it usually does.

I have had less trouble with thrip this year than
last season. I am not fully convinced that
sprinkling a solution of Hellebore on grape
vines will destroy thrip. I dipped some marked
leaves in a strong solution of it, and watched
the effect of it. For a time the insect kept
away, as if the wash was disagreeable, but
in a week or two afterwards I found on the
underside of the leaves both eggs and newly-
hatched insects. One does not care to use things
poisonous, which may be distributed by syringing
the vines, though the chance of doing any harm is
trivial. A wire cup, with a long iron handle, in
which is placed paper saturated with kerosene ig-
nited, and passed rapidly and carefully over the
foliage, avoiding the fruit, is still the most efficient
way to destroy thrip that I have tried.

The apple crop in Crawford County has this year
been a superabundant one, the fruit a drugin the
market at twenty-five cents a bushel. The beauty
and size magnificent, many of the large red
varieties looking as glossy as if varnished.

Peaches in this region were this year again a

failure, and fruit-growers get discouraged with so
many severe winters. Pears were reasonably
abundant, but mostly of small and hardy varieties.
Better kinds and better culture would repay for
outlay and labor. I had my own trees white-washed
in the fall, and the soil they grow in enriched, and
never wish for any better fruit than I got from
them— Tyson, Sheldon, Seckel, Dana's, Hovey
(some of the latter seven inches in circumference,
many of them six and a half inches), and, perhaps
best of all, Lawrence Pears. I had to thin out the
fruit on the above, and several other varieties.
Duchess d'Angouleme, Souvenir de Congress, etc.
I found the fruit of the Lawrence, if gathered too
early, w'lll wilt, be- somewhat tough and keep a
long time ; gathered a little later, it becomes melt-
ing, and keeps a fortnight or so. If left until it is
a golden yellow on the tree, it becomes one of the
juiciest, sweetest, melting pears known, but soon
becomes soft and spoiled for use.

Meadville, Fenna,, Nov. 10, 1886.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Raising Fruit Trees in England,— The 6^a/'-
dening World says that the enormous quantity of
fruit trees raised in England has cheapened the
price below the cost of production, and there are at
present hundreds of thousands begging for cus-
tomers.

Grafting Machines. — In one of our earlier
numbers we gave an illustration of a machine for
root grafting, invented by Mr. B. S. Ryder, who is
also the inventor of the celebrated American Fruit
Dryer. We do not know that any one has at-
tempted to make a machine since that time till
now, when one turns up, patented by Washington
Maynard, of IlUnois. It is very different from
Ryder's, being arranged for collar grafting.

The Kieffer Pear in Missouri.— Mr. Samuel
Miller, of Bluffton, Mo., finds the Kieffer this season
better in eating quahties than Vicar or Easter
Beurre, good as these have ever been with him.

A Native Gooseberry.— One of our Western
species— Ribes oxycanthoides— is attracting atten-
tion for its fruit in England.

Grapes and Asparagus. — The culture of As-
paragus in Argenteiul in France has been found
more profitable than grape culture. In other civic
departments they both go on together. The as-
paragus bringing in good returns before the grapes
are profitable, and the manure necessary for as-
paragus being very acceptable to the grape.

i6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

Profit and Loss on Vegetable Raising in
Florida.— Mr. D. W. Adams tells the Florida
Dispatch :

"Last spring I grew a field of squashes, and made
a shipment which sold for $\ per crate, which I
consider a very fair price. It is as large a price
as that vegetable can bear without placing it out
of the reach of the great body of consumers. At
a higher price the quantity consumed must be
comparatively small. Now this is the way my ac-
count stood at the end of the shipment :

SQUASH ACCOTJNT, DR.

To one crate 10

Picking, packing, nailing, marking and hauling to sta-
tion 10

Freight to Savannah 55

Freight from Savannah to Boston 10

Wharfage 02

Drayage 03

Commission 10

Total Sl.OO

Credit by crate squash sold 100

Net returns 0.00

The moral of which is, that it will be best to

bring a Boston to Florida, and save the freight

charges.

New Pea, Sharpe's Queen. — This new English

Pea is said to have a pod six inches long, and to

bear 10—12 peas in a pod, each pea 2^ inches

round. It is of the blue wrinkled Marrow class.

Pithy Celery. — Recently we took occasion to
express our belief that pithy celery was due rather
to some defect in culture than in seed or variety,
without denying that there might be a greater ten-
dency in some variety to this defect than in others.
We note that one of the most practical contributors
to the Journal of Horticulture is of this opinion.
He says :

"I may explain to beginners that ' pithy ' celery
is that which developes freely and promises well,
but is altogether deceptive, as the fine-looking
leafstalks, instead of being firm and solid, may be
pressed together with the finger and thumb like a
sponge. Celery of this kind is never relished on the
table, and what is worse it will not keep, as it soon
absorbs a great deal of moisture and decays
quickly. It is impossible to remedy this now, but
those who know little or nothing of it may have a
better chance of noticing it at present than any other
time. Many causes have been published from time
to time as to the production of pithy celery, some
thinking it was a question of too old seed, others
too young seed ; but in my opinion the seed has
nothing to do with it, neither has the variety, as one
is just as liable to become pithy as another. The soil
in which the plants are grown is the sole cause of
it so far as I can observe by experiment, and I
would undertake to produce celery either pithy or
not in any season."

Dandelion Salad. — In early spring, as soon as
the dandelion pushes its young leaves above the

soil, women and children may be seen everywhere
with knife and basket cutting them off just below
the crown, for " salat," as they say. We are re-
minded of this by the following item in Gardening
Illustrated :

" Dandehon is a wholesome vegetable used as
salad or boiled like Spinach. For salad, use only
the delicate young leaves, just after they appear
among the grass. For cooking, either the young
or full-grown leaves may be used. Clean and wash
the leaves well, as there is usually fine sand or
earth between them, and let them stand in cold
water for two hours. Drain them, and throw them
into boiling salted water, and boil for twenty min-
utes, if young, and half an hour if full grown. Put
the leaves in a colander, and press them to extract
all the water, and then chop them fine. Put in a
stewpan 2 oz. of butter to 2 quarts of leaves, and
set it over a brisk fire. As soon as the butter is
melted, sprinkle in a tablespoonful of flour and
some salt and pepper. Add the dandelion, stir
until thoroughly heated, and then moisten with
broth or milk, and serve."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Grafting the Persimmon.— "M. B." : The
common persimmon is the usual stock on which
the persimmon is worked. They readily unite,
and seem to do well. It is often hardy as far
north as Philadelphia, but it is often killed by
light frosts, and as often stands severe ones with-
out injury.

Black Aphis and Tobacco. — "Max" says:
"Doubtless one quart of tobacco juice to two gal-
lons of water will kill a black aphis if you get it to
him, but to apply it is the question. Our experi-
ence is that simply syringing will not kill all or
nearly all. We got rid of them from young peach
buds by wheehng a force pump along the rows
and by the force of the stream, knocking them oft".
This was followed by an immediate sprinkling of
tobacco dust which prevented their return. This
method is impracticable after the trees have at-
tained one or two years' growth. Can't something
more easy of application be found ? Query : does
the aphis attack the tree first and descend to the
roots or vice versa, or does it attack both simul-
taneously ?"

[The subject is one of great importance and he
who shall succeed in solving the problem may
make a fortune for himself, and get the thanks of
our fruit growers besides. It has been found in
every branch of horticulture that any operation
that depends upon water for its appliance, is
usually too costly. At one time liquid manure had
many advocates both in horticulture and agricul-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

17

ture, but it was found the cost of hauling so much
water outweighed the advantages. So also in the
case of the potato beetle— all liquid forms of ap-
plying the Paris green proved too expensive. In
the case of a few trees we can yet use liquid Paris
green where the enemy is an eater — but insects
that suck, like the aphis, these poisons are of no
account. We have to use some narcotic like to-
bacco that will affect them through their breathing
organs. We have faith that some cheap plan of
doing this may yet be invented, though as "Max"
suggests, in the liquid form it costs too much
probably.— Ed. G. M.]

Apricot Plum. — "B.," Rome, Georgia, says :
"I notice a great deal in the agricultural papers
lately about the apricot plum, and that it is espec-
ially profitable to planters in the south. What

are its special merits ? Does it escape the ravages
of the curculio ? Would you advise my planting
largely of this variety ?"

The apricot plum is a very old French plum,
and no more free from the attacks of curculio than
any other. It is a rather large yellow variety,
coming in about the middle of the plum season.
Possibly you have something known as Prunus
Simoni mixed up with this, as we note, it is oiten
called apricot plum. There would not be near as
much objection to giving English names to plants
if the names were given by some intelligent
authority. The greatest objection to them comes
from all sorts of names being given by any and
everybody, until the historic confusion of tongues
at the building of Babel, is a bagatelle compared
therewith.

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FORESTRY AND ITS ADVOCATES.
BV D. W. LOTHROP.

Nobody need be reminded that the subject of
forestry is not new, but those who take an interest
in it, rather than a pecuniary one, have greatly in-
creased and changed its aspect. The main ques-
tion now IS, not how we can best clear an area of
trees and stumps, to yield sustenance to man, or
how much wood and lumber can be raised ; but
how we can best cover it with trees when denuded,
for its real or supposed influence on climate, agri-
culture, health, etc.? Formerly, the farmer alone
was actively interested ; now the scholar, scientist,
aesthetic, philanthropist and statesman, all seem to
be vieing with each other to show their superior
patronage ; and the opinions between the different
ones as to what should be done, and "how to do it,"
are nearly as varied as the families and species of the
wooded domain. Can we wonder, then, that so
little is done, and that so many complaints come
from them against the slow farmer and the slower
Government ? And is not the more prudent, re-
flective man — who is not carried away by vagaries
and phantoms, who believes that, as to the success
of many public measures, "honest doubt is the

beacon of the wise " — led to think very little can be
done, or should be done, at least till the so-called
savans and scientists (like the late Mr. G. P. Marsh
and Elizur Wright) who write upon the subject,
agree, or are consistent with themselves ?

A great enemy to all mankind seems to be
thought by the modern foresters, to be aridity of
climate, caused principally by the denuding of our
forest lands — which injures, it is maintained, the
fertility of the soil, dries up the crops and checks
the flow of streams. They want more forest, more
rain or humidity and fuller streams — the latter of
which, they fancy, will come with the first. But
this is not proven ; for when New England was a
dense wilderness there were very severe droughts,
with all their evil consequences. But I shall again
allude to this farther on. These gentlemen seem
to forget that occasionally, if not frequently, we
have so many rainy, humid and cold summers
(while our woodlands are or have been decreas-
ing) that our streams overflow their banks, corn
will hardly ripen, our fine grapes blight or are taken
by the frost before maturing, some of the best pears
will not ripen up as they ought to, and there is
blight and mildew in many farm products. All these
evils would be aggravated by the increase of
forests, if the humid or rain theory be true. And
hence the question naturally arises, are not damp

i8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

and rainy seasons as injurious as dry ? Undoubt-
edly, in hot seasons there is much low land that
would produce better crops, and the need of
underdraining is less felt. Streams would not be
so full ; but they are of little use to the farmer in
the growth of crops, whatever they may be to the
manufacturer — though he is now looking to steam
as a more certain motive power. Fruits would
ripen better, and there would be less mildew. Some
observers have supposed that in such seasons the
great evaporation from the earth brings up, for the
use of future crops, the deeper mineral riches of
the soil. Dry seasons are usually healthier than
wet ; and some physicians, thirty years ago or so,
cautioned rural dwellers not to plant shady trees
near their houses, but to let in the sun. I think,
however, many country dwellings have hardly
enough (sacrificing much to lawn, as they do), for
on a hot day their shade is grateful to contemplate
and to enjoy.

The forests of Massachusetts, if not of most of
the New England States, are supposed to be in-
creasing, not by systematic planting (which is not
a necessity), but simply by the neglect of lands ;
and they are not now regarded as causes of rain-
fall, if they may tend to equalize the distribution of
moisture — though their soil is too much shaded to
give out as much vapor as an open field. But even
if we had no forests, there are other large sources
of evaporation and moisture. In Massachussets
there are something like 90,000 acres of lake sur-
face from areas above ten acres, besides the river
surface, which is probably as much more ; then
come our swamps and meadows, the many orna-
mental trees and private plantations, and the
shrubs and flowers of our gardens— all exhaling
moisture on a sunny day, and absorbing much of
it at night to give out again to the next hot sun.
The cultivated crops, also, must exert the same in-
fluence on the atmosphere, and so with grass land,
which probably condenses more vapor at night
than forest soil.

The idea, to some degree extant, that brooks are
fed only by springs from hills and mountains covered
by forests, seems not to have a sufficient basis. We
frequently find from the foot of large hills water
flowing freely, if not perpetually, whether covered
with wood or not. The water percolates from the
great mass of earth above, where it has been col-
lected from previous rains, and naturally forces
itself out at their bases. And small streams seem
in a great degree to be suppUed by water from
surtace drainage and percolation from their con-
tiguous banks as they meander through the low

lands. The destruction of woodland may some-
times dry up brooks, but I have never known a
case.

In a well-written essay on the "Forest Interests
of Massachusetts," by Mr. W. C. Strong, read be-
fore the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, in
the winter of 1886, in speaking of the great crops
our early forefathers raised from their new soil and
the influence of moisture from the surrounding
wilderness, he observes: "It is true we read of their
occasional failure by reason of droughts; and it is
certain that droughts occurred then as well as
now. But in judging of their frequency and in-
tensity we are to bear in mind that the plowing ot
early days was the merest scratching of the sur-
face, that little or no retentive manure was used,
and that at the present day and under such con-
ditions our crops would prove uniform failures."
But with all due respect for the gentleman's
opinion, I think he is in error in regard to their
intensity (if not their frequency), and cannot shift
the evil to shallow plowing. In a diary of James
Blake, of Dorchester, Mass., recording events of
1749 (Annals of Dorchester), he observes : "This
Summer was the Severest Drought in this Country
as has ever been known in ye Memory of ye old-
est Persons among us. . . . By ye latter end
of May the grass was burnt up so that ye ground
looked white ; and it was ye 6th Day of July be-
fore any Rain (to speak of) came. . . . Many
Wells, Springs, Brooks & small Rivers were dried
up that were never known to fail before. And ye
Fish in some of ye Rivers died. The Pastures
were so scorched that there was nothing green to
be seen, and the Cattle waxed poor, and by their
lowing seemed to call upon their Owners for Re-
hef, who could not help them. Although the
Grass was Eaten so close as that there was but a few
thin spires to be seen, yet several Pastures took
fire and burnt fiercely." On his own land, which
caught accidentally, the fire "biased and flashed
like Gun Powder, and run very fast along the
ground. . . . Where there was lumps of Cow-
dung, it would burn till ye whole lump was Con-
sumed, & burn a hole in ye ground." On the
6th of July rain came, and afterwards there was a
sufficient quantity, so that the lands looked green
again, and there was a good harvest. If such a
fearful and destructive drought could occur with a
surrounding wilderness, where shall we look for
succor to-day ?

Mr. J. C. Gray, of Cambridge, Mass., more than
thirty years ago, wrote a paper on the climate of
New England, in which he observes : "That

i«87.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

»9

droughts are in truth more frequent and severe in
every part of our country at the present day than
a century ago, is a proposition for which we find
no countenance in any statistics which have come
down to us." Mr. Gray quotes from Smith's
Diary (Famouth, now Portland. Me.) to the
effect that "such dry spells" occurred in ten years
out of the twenty from 1743 to 1763 inclusive,
while four of them were in consecutive order.

In connection with this point, I would put the
following query, or queries: If in an area of 400
acres (we will say) of dense forest, in the centre
four acres were cleared up and devoted to farm
crops, would the spot be warmer or colder in
summer than the fields at a distance from the
forest? And would the influence of such forest
generally be favorable on the crops ?

The Middlesex Fells, in which Mr, Strong takes
a deep interest, is a tract of wild land of about
4000 acres.lying nearly seven miles north of Boston.
It is said it could be purchased for about $100,000,
and futile attempts have been made to secure it
for the past fifteen years. "Here then," observes
Mr. S., "is an enterprise in which the whole State
is interested. The State should therefore assume
it." This proposition was afterwards virtually
sustained by the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety, by appointing " a committee for the purpose
of obtaining more efficient legislation for the
planting and protection of forests in Massachu-
setts, and particularly of the tract known as the
Middlesex Fells." But in a local matter like this
it would be surprising if the government did
anything more than to give it the protection of
general laws — which have not heretofore been
satisfactory to its friends. Perhaps they cannot
decide upon what they really want. Mr, Elizur
Wright, the father of the scheme, procured a bill a
few years ago by which the adjoining towns to the
Fells might make the purchase jointly by a two-
thirds vote. But nothing has been done, as no
one seems to have the desire or the courage to
commence. Aside from the purchase money, it
would cost a fearful sum to keep it in decent
order, wild as it is hoped by some to be. Pecuniary
profit would be out of the question. And if not
"swept and garnished" Hke an arboretum, the
fire-fiend would be almost sure to devastate it.
Besides the tract, as a unit, is too large to manage,
or to be kept from more useful purposes. It now
embraces several fine residences, and more may
be erected without injuring it much, if any, as a
woodland with all its real or supposed advantages.

The Rev. J. B. Harrison, of Franklin, N. H.

also read an essay on the subject under comment,
before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
and took strong ground in favor of forest -planting
and forest-schooling by the nation, so as to make
forestry a profession for young men, as we teach
them at the military and naval academies ! For-
bearing further remarks, however, I would briefly
say that the friends of forestry need not, I think,
be alarmed lest the country dry up, nor, in the
expression of opinions so unpopular as those we
have noticed, ought they to be surprised that they
have so little influence with legislatures.

IVusf Medford, Mass.

FOREST TREES FOR KANSAS.
BY THOMAS BASSLER.

On page 337, Mr. Bennett, in speaking of the
Adirondack wilderness, says or implies that these
mountains would make a good nursery for forest
trees, to be raised by the Government and planted
on the prairies.

Considering the expense of shipping nursery
stock so far, and the liability of death, from care-
less handling on the part of the settler, I should
consider the scheme proposed as being impractic-
able. If the Government wanted to establish nur-
series for the raising of forest trees, it could get the
land as cheap here as in New York, and by mak-
ing several nurseries at dif^'erent places, all under
the control of our Agricultural College, it would
be making the work practical.

Speaking of the Sugar Maple, he says it will
adapt itself to almost any locality, is easily grown,
and about the safest to plant. I beg leave to dif-
fer. The hard Maple will not, or has not yet,
adapted itself to the climate of Kansas, and if a
tree making four feet in height in twelve years is
growing easily, then it will grow easily in this State.
And, on the whole, we do not consider it a safe
tree to plant in this country.

Geuda Springs, Kansas.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Useful Woods of the United States,

AS SHOWN at the NeW ORLEANS EXPOSITION.—

By Charles R. Dodge, Being part of a report of
Mr, Wm, Saunders, representing the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Published by the Department
of Agriculture.

The wood-working and timber interests of the
country have cause to thank the Department of
Agriculture for this very timely publication. The

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

kind of wood out of which everything on exhibi-
tion was constructed, from a railroad car to a fiddle
or a tooth-pick, is clearly given, with many notes
of interest in regard to them. We regard it as one
of the most valuable contributions to the literature
of American Forestry that has yet appeared.

CORSICAN Pine Timber. — The Larch is being
fast abandoned by British timber-planters, and the
Corsican Pine, Pinus Laricio, is praised as being
the best to take its place.

Louisiana's Big Cypress. — The Pioneer of As-
sumption says, that among the seventy-nine

specimens of native woods already procured by the
committee chosen for the purpose, and now in the
possession of custodian E. P. Helluin, to be sent to
the World's Exposition, is that of a cypress tree
measuring 8 feet 2 inches in diameter. This mam-
moth tree was felled and hewed by Mr. John
Christian, on Four-mile Bayou, some fourteen
miles in the interior, which operation consumed
seven days, as much as three or four men being
employed at the same time. The tree, however,
is what is known among lumbermen as " wind-
shake " split, but otherwise sound as a nut ; so
much so, indeed, that a dug-out is being made out
of a part of it.

Natural Eistory and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

EFFECT OF THE SEASON ON FLOWERING
PLANTS IN BELGIUM.

BY LOUIS EECKHAUTE.

The warm weather we had in the end of Sep-
tember and during October advanced the growth
andfloweringstateof many out-of-door and green-
house plants. Amongst the first, I noticed flowers
of apples and pears, and on hardy shrubs, Laurus-
tinus, and here and there some Rhododendrons —
they were Prince Camille de Rohan, Ochroleuca
and even the common Rhododendron Ponticum.
In greenhouses it is quite a wonder how some
plants are advanced, and no doubt florists will
have flowers this year much earlier than in other
years. A Camellia, two feet high, had given al-
ready a dozen flowers on the twelfth of October,
and since then all the others are shed. The same
happened with an Augustina superba (Saccoana
nova), which was open at the same time with half
a dozen flowers, and has had several since. I also
found at that time Alba plena, Imbricata, Jardin
d'hiver, noblissima at this date (6th of November).
Other sorts give me some flowers — they are Striata
Donckelaeri, Lady Hune's Blush. In brief, there
are already more Camellia flowers now than last
year in January or even February. Azaleas have
the same aspect as it were in the springtime,
thd eyes in the neighbourhood of the buds
give now young shoots just as they do in Feb-
ruary in other years. Some flowers have already \

been seen on Sigismond Rucker, Eliza Liebert,
Mm. Camille, Von Langenhove, Versicolor punct-
ulata, Ceris, Mm. Vanderfruyssen, and just the
same as the Camellias, all those Azaleas were in
greenhouses without any heating at all. All is the
result of the warm weather.

St. Denis, Westrem, near Ghent, Nov. 6, 1886.

[In America, the fall-flowering of apples and
pears comes from the loss of leaves before they are
mature by fungus attacks or extra dry weather, —
and is not due to an open or warm October.

The facts in relation to Camellias under glass
are extremely interesting. In America, at this
time, this flower is not appreciated for winter
flowering, the rose having supplanted it in public
favor. But in former times when it was popular,
no amount of sun-light or fire-heat would bring
them into bloom much before New Year. — Ed.
G. M.]

BLOOMING OF THE SWEET POTATO IN

VIRGINIA.

BY D. O. MUNSON.

Relative to the bloom on sweet potato plants, on
which several articles have appeared in your val-
uable magazine, would say that I have been cul-
tivating sweet potatoes more or less for thirty
years, and never knew them to bloom until the
summer of 1885 ; then they blossomed very pro-
fusely in this section, owing, I think, to the severe
drought we had in May and June of that year.
The flowers resemble very much the common

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Morning Glory, and one of my neighbors, suppos-
ing this vine had got in among his potatoes, pulled
up quite a number of plants before he discovered
his mistake. Do not think any of the flowers
matured seed. Falls Church, Va.

[Mr. M. is undoubtedly correct in the sugges-
tion that the extra warm and dry season influenced
the blooming of the sweet potato that year. The
plant is a well-known lover of heat, and flowers
always at the end of its season's growth. It will
then naturally flower in those regions where there is
a long summer, and not where the summers are
short. We did not know, however, till the corres-
pondence in our paper developed the fact, that the
summers anywhere in the United States were long
enough to enable it to flower or seed, and the in-
ference has been that all the varieties have been
produced by bud variation. It is the latter fact
that gives great scientific and practical interest to
the question.— Ed. G. M.]

WILD FLOWERS OF DAKOTA.
BY JOHN W. DUNLAP.

In your Gardeners' Monthly for October,
Mr. Thomas Bassler speaks of the pretty wild
flowers of Kansas, and I fully endorse his opinion
that many of them are well worthy of cultivation.
Never having collected plants in that State I judge
its flora will be much like that of other Western
States. He mentions the names of only three
plants : two of them, CEnothera Missouriensis and
speciosa. The last I have never seen, but
CEnothera caespitosa I have found in great abun-
dance in the valley of the Platte. I hope Mr.
Bassler will do all in his power to create a taste
for this dehghtful study by pointing out the local-
ities where such things may be found. Having
several times looked over the flora of the Western
States, I have always made additional discoveries
of plants which I had missed in my former jour-
neys.

Two years ago I visited Long Lake, Dakota,
and there found Heliotropium curasaviscum-
This is the most beautiful of the Heliotropes — pure
white with lemon eye, and delightful fragrance.
Long Lake is seven miles from Woonsocket and is
a long shallow lake. Most of the water evapor-
ated during the summer heats, leaving a large
strip around its margin highly impregnated with
the washings and salts of the burned prairies, on
which the Heliotrope grows with great luxuriance,
sometimes many acres in one patch. What seem-
ed curious to me was the fact that nothing else grows

on it but Ammannia latifolia, and that sparingly.
If Mr. Bassler will visit this bed of Heliotrope I
think it would dehght him as much as it did me
and he will find in his journey to the Lake many
interesting plants, such as Kuhnia eupatorioides,
Echinacea angustifolia, Aplopappus spinulosus,
Lepachys columnaris, Lygodesmia juncea, Grin-
delia squarrosa, Malvastrum coccineum, Oxytropis
Lamberti, Cleome integrifolia, Schrankia uncinata,
Dalea alopecurioides and many others. I hope
this catalogue of plants will not be tedious,

Milwaukee, Wis., Nov. 15, 1886.

WILD FLOWERS IN THE BERKSHIRE
HILLS,

BY MRS. M, E, WILLIAMS,

As the time for renewing my subscription to a
valued paper comes at this Christmas time, I feel
like sending thanks for pleasures received and
many good wishes for a " Happy Christmas and a
prosperous New Year " to those concerned in its
publication, I regret Mrs, W, (page 309) did not
meet with my success in hunting wild flowers
among the Berkshire Hills as we must both have
been looking within a few miles of old Everett,

Though the growth of Lobelia cardinalis is, I
believe, limited, and I did not find it, yet it came
by hand of a friend into my room, glowing in the
deptji of its magnificent red, equal to any I ever
saw. The large blue Lobelia, too, abounded ;
golden rods were brilliant and glorious, of many
kinds, including rigida and squarrosa. Harebells,
of sweetest blue ; Potentilla tridentata kept stray
flowers for me while its leaves were tinged with
autumn red ; several of the Orchid family, includ-
ing a tiny green one, and the pretty purple fringed
Orchis, Never were daisies prettier nor Rudbec-
kia more glowing ; and the asters were at home
in their beauty. The curious beaked hazel-nut
was there as well as the largest leaves and most
thrifty growth I ever saw of the Arbutus, Out of
bloom, of course, were the Trillium, Actaea and
Clintonia, but their berries gave us "The red,
white and blue," while the trailing runners of
Tiarella crept over the mossy banks, loving neigh-
bors to the deep-green Coptis leaves, and shaded
with our native Yew with its exquisite touches of
crimson color. The sun-light coming through the
trees fell softly on patches, fifty feet in diameter,
of dwarf Cornel, a perfect wealth of green and
red, and now and then a belated white blossom
late in August. Nearly a dozen of the daintiest,
tiny blue violets gave themselves to my keeping

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[January,

from the softest and greenest of meadow grass,
showing that Spring extended loving greeting to-
wards the Autumn, while the Vvitch-hazel shook
out a few golden petals by way of good-bye, on
my last woodland walk, the first week in Septem-
ber. In one spot, bedded in deepest sphagnum,
were creeping plants of our native Calla, pitcher-
plants of curious veining, the two cranberries, tiny
Chiogenes, little Utricularias, Drosera rotundifolia,
longifolia (perched on its caudex) — all neighbors
to the fragrant Balsam Fir. The grass of Parnas-
sus was in my hand for the first time ; so, too, with
the lovely bear-berries carpeting the rocks ; while,
to crown all, that shy beauty, the Fringed Gen-
tian, followed me from the hills, and, when re-
leased from its tin traveling box and placed in the
sunshine, opened its " eyes of blue " with their be-
longing fringes.

These are some of the plants that ministered to

my delight in that beautiful " hill country," and I

thought perhaps they might interest you— perhaps

even recall a happy ramble over the same locality.

• «->-»

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Change of Color in Flowers. — The man of
observation is frequently derided for his state-
ments by the man who goes by common sense, —
yet it must be conceded that once m a while the
common sense man is beaten out. Now there is
the old notion that the original of the many
colored polyanthus was obtained by planting tlsse
common yellow primrose of the English woods,
upside down. Common sense laughs at this, —
and we must confess that common sense has, in
this, our sympathy. Yet, what are we to make of
such a positive statement as this which we find
from what appears to be a sensible correspondent
of Gardening Illustrated :

"I will endeavor to satisfy the curiosity of 'X.'
(P- 383). for I fail to see the 'foolishness of jump-
ing to conclusions and of making deductions from"
well-founded fact confirmed by the evidence of
actual experience. To decide a controversy, three
ordinary primroses were taken from a hedgerow
near my residence, and planted in my garden in
the year 1883, whilst in full bloom. They were
placed in the ground with the flowers and foliage
downwards, with the roots uppermost and lightly
covered with earth. Two of them succumbed to
this somewhat unnatural treatment ; but the third
put forth some, at first, tiny and weakly growth,
which by autumn developed into a fair-sized,
healthy plant. In the spring of 1884 it produced
some flowers of a clear, bright, rosy-purple, and
the shade of color was so good that I had the
plant potted. In 1885 it bloomed profusely, and

was r-^ally very pretty, and the flowers, as to size
and color, remained true to the new departure ;
the same thing was repeated this year. After
flowering it was put aside, and unfortunately,
overlooked, and has perished for lack of water. I
know two ladies, each of whom, from a similar
trial, has obtained a like result as to change of
color, and anyone can easily make an experiment
for himself. My observation has taught me that
plants under abnormal circumstances frequently
change both in form and color."

Bees Eating Grapes.— The subject was again
earnestly discussed at the meeting of the Colum-
bus, O., Horticultural Society, October 26th. A
number of growers furnished the actual experience
that the bees eat the fruit. Entomologists, as
usual, contending that if they did eat the berries,
it must have been some other insect that first
cracked the skin for them. All this may be true.
The grape grower desires to protect his fruit from
being devoured. What assists the bee to devour
is of secondary importance.

The Cause of the Potato Rot. — The Phar-
macist, of Chicago, referring to the letter of our
English correspondent on the cause of the potato
rot, takes some exception to the exclusive use of
the term "practical men" by the potato grower, in
connection with the discovery of the cause of the
disease. It is the one who takes his microscope
and looks into the matter to see what is actually
there, and notes what is doing the work, that
should be called the practical man, — while it is
one who does not do this, but places his guesses
in the place of practical observation, that should
be dubbed the mere theorist. "Decay does not
come about of itself," says the author of the criti-
cism, "something does cause decay, — and if it is
not the small fungus, Peronospora infestans, it must
be caused by something else. To say that disease
is caused by a weakened vital power will not do.
Weakened vital power may invite disease, but
what is disease ?" and the author suggests that if
not in the nature of Peronospora, then it is proba-
bly Bacteria. They may cause the disease ; and
the Peronospora may follow. Though thus criti-
cising, he on the whole commends the communi-
cation of our correspondent.

Native Country of the Banksian Rose. —
This was introduced from Chinese gardens, its
native locaUty being unknown. Professor Crepin,
one of the best authorities on Roses, now announces
that it is indigenous to the mountains of Mo-So-
Yan, in the Chinese province of Lan Kong.

Persistence of Varieties. — England is not
so trying on the constitution of a variety as Ameri-

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

23

ca is, hence varieties do not run out as rapidly as
here. The very old Keen's seedling Strawberry is
yet one of the most popular of their kind.

The Coloring of Autumn Leaves. — There can
be no doubt that climate has much to do with the
coloring of autumn leaves, — but a habit, once ac-
quired, is hereditary. The climate has, no doubt,
been the main agent in giving American trees
their beautiful fall coloring, yet when removed to
the moist and very different chmate of England,
the coloring persists, and may do for many gener-
ations to come. The Gardeners' Magazine, of
Oct. 23rd, says :

"The Liquidambar, L. styraciflua, is now rapid-
ly acquiring its proper autumnal colors in the vi-
cinity of London, the decline in temperature since
Sunday last having made a considerable difference
to this and many other trees. The scarlet oak,
Quercus coccinea, is also conspicuous for its
splendour of color, although three weeks since we
saw a few specimens in brilliant array. Relative
exposure and dryness of soil have much to do
with the degree and the time of autumnal color-
ing."

Cure of Poisoning from the Common Poison
Vine. — Dr. Frank Jones, of St. Louis, is quite
positive that a strong solution of bi-carbonate of
soda is the best of all specifics for the cure of the
poisoning by Rhus toxicodendron. He applies it
to the pustules, which they at once dry up.

The American Water-weed. — This is the
name given to our small aquatic weed, Anacharis,
or Elodea canadensis, which, on being introduced
to Europe some years ago, found itself so much at
home, that it actually choked up some streams and
lakes, so as to almost prevent pleasure boating.
Dr. Barnes, of Hanover, now contends that it is
not only not an unmixed evil, but an extremely
valuable plant, for it " destroys the germs of mal-
aria and dysentery," and he recommends that it be
introduced to waters where it does not already ex-
ist. He says that fish are always healthier where
the plant abounds.

An Insect Enemy of the Strawberry. — Bel-
gian Pomologists are complaining of the destruct-
iveness of a myriopod or centipede worm, which
they describe as Blaniulus guttulatus.

A New Grape-vine Insect. — Belgian papers
complain of the serious ravages of a small insect
of the red spider class, known as Phytopus vitis.

A Giant Rose. — Mr. Takasima, tells the
yournal des Roses, that in Japan there is a species
of Rose, very spiny and sarmentose, which inter-
laces its branches among those of tall trees in the

forests of the centre of Japan, where it is extensive-
ly found. The flowers are white, showy and have
some odor. It appears to be nearly identical with
our Cherokee Rose.

Rose Gloire Lyonaise This is figured

by the Journal des Roses, which believes
it to be a true white hybrid perpetual Rose. It
has been raised by M. Guillot Sons, of Lyons.

Seeds of Depauperite Plants. — At a meet-
ing of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, a specimen of a grass, Setaria viride, was
exhibited not over half an inch high, but which
had a large number of perfect seeds nearly ma-
ture. It was sent' by Mr. Meehan to show that
such minute plants might grow and produce seed
annually for many successive years, the plants
each year reproducing themselves among other
vegetation, without any one being aware of their
existence. When such tracts were ploughed up,
and plants like this grass get a good chance to de-
velop themselves fully, it would appear that there
had not been any plant of the species growing for
years, and the fact used to illustrate the long vital-
ity of seeds in the earth. It might be that there
was good evidence that cases of long vitality were
undoubted ; but it served a good purpose to point
out where error may creep in.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

ACiENA microphylla. — "F. G. R,," New Or-
leans, says : " A writer in the last number of The
Garden (No. 783, Article "A Northern Garden")
recommends in strongest terms Acaena micro-
phylla as a foliage border plant for winter use.
Willyou be kind enough in the nextissue of theGAR-
deners' Monthly to inform your readers whether
this new candidate for winter decoration is raised
from seed or propagated by cuttings, and where it
may be obtained, as it does not appear in any of the
nurserymen's catalogues,"

[We do not know Acsena microphylla, but most
plants of this genus are herbaceous plants, having
their home chiefly in Chili and Peru, a few pro-
gressing northwardly to the boundaries of the
United States. They would probably succeed in
Louisiana or where there is not much frost. The
general aspect of the foliage of these plants is
much as in the Agrimony of our woods — or a
Potentilla or Geum may give some impression of
its character. It belongs to the same natural
order and is a near relative of these plants, and
can no doubt be raised from seed. Possibly our

24

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[January,

large seed firms could gel seeds from their French
or German correspondents. — Ed. G. M.J

The Melon Pear. — We had, some time since,
an inquiry as to what was this new fruit which was
being pushed, as they say, to an enormous extent.
We have inquired of a friend who has some ac-
quaintance with it, and have the following account
from him :

"The Melon Pear is Solanum melongena of
botanists. It is a shrub,'grows about two feet in
height and breadth. The plants should be set out
in the garden three feet apart each way, or if cul-
tivated with a horse, in rows four feet a part, plants
two feet in the rows.

" In about six weeks after being set out the fruit
will show and commence ripening in about three
months after planting and continue to ripen until
frost. In locations where the ground does not
freeze too deep the plants may then be cut down
and covered with a few inches of soil until spring ;
or they may be taken up and kept in the cellar or
greenhouse until danger from frost is over, when
they may be again set out. Unripe fruit has been
picked in October, before frost, and kept and
ripened until the middle of February. The plant
is a native of the Central American highlands

where the thermometer falls to 30° Fahrenheit,
showing that it will bear slight freezi ng. Where
there are no frosts it bears continuously the whole
year. It is an enormous bearer, bu t fruits best in
a cool chmate. The flowers are numerous and of
a delicate shaded violet— the fruit, of the size and
shape of a hen or goose egg ; a beautiful pale
orange with waves of bright violet, making the
plant, both in fruit and bloom, an unrivalled addi-
tion as a decoration for the garden in summer, or
greenhouse in winter.

" The fruit is of the consistence of a pear, with
the flavor of a fine musk-melon, but also a charm-
ing acid, delightful in allaying thirst."

We were surprised to learn that the plant is not
a pear at all, but one of the Solanum family ; and
it is to be regretted that in the hunt for common
names something less likely to suggest deceit has
not been discovered. If it be, as our friend says
it is, Solanum melongena, it is not likely to be
even new, for that is simply the egg plant,
pure and simple, of which there are numberless
forms, now united under the general name of S.
esculentum. Possibly it may be a very interesting
and desirable form notwithstanding its suspicious
introductions.

liTERAWM, Travels and Personal Notes.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Rapid Traveling. — What a change in favor of
gardening work has come over the world by rea-
son of improved means of transit, since the days
when some enthusiast had to divide his short ra-
tions of water with his beloved coffee plant, which
he was trying to keep alive by having it in earth
in an old hat ! A nurseryman hands us some cor-
respondence as illustrative of this rapid movement
of trees. An order was sent from a gentleman in
the south-east of England, on the 5th of October,
for a large assortment of American trees, which had
to go across the Atlantic to Liverpool, and thence
a hundred and fifty miles through England.

A letter, dated 6th of Nov., says, "Enclosed
draft for the trees, which arrived in excellent con-
dition, and are all planted." Who would have
thought, a few years ago, that an American nur-
seryman could dig up and pack a large order from

England for trees to grow across the Atlantic, and
that in 30 days he should have the order — send the
trees, get them there, and learn that they had all
been received and planted ? Verily, the world does
move, and goes on rapidly too.

Commissioners ofFairmount Park. — Mr.W.
M. Singerley has been appointed by the Board
of Judges to the vacancy in the Fairmount Park
Commission. Mr. S. is a genuine lover of Horti-
culture, and it is very pleasant to find the judges
of the courts once in a while appointing a gentle-
man of this character to a position where some
knowledge of Horticultural necessities ought to
be a prominent requirement.

Camellia. — Now that the Chrysanthemums are
on the wane we are beginning to look to another
Chinese product, the CameUia. We hear occas-
ionally people speak of Cameelia, but the real
name was Camelli, with Camellus, Camel or

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Kamel as aliases. He was born, according to a
statement by Father Paque, at Briinn in Moravia,
in i66l. He became a member of the Order of
Jesuits, and passed a large part of his life as a
missionary in the Philippine Islands, where he
died on May 2, 1706. At Manilla he established
a free dispensary for the relief of the indigent and
sick, and entered into communication with Ray and
Petiver. In the Philippines Camelli made rich
collections and many drawings. These drawings
are now in the possession of the Jesuit College of
Louvain, to which they were presented by Count
Alfred Limminghe, who bought them at the sale
of A. L. de Jussieu. The eminent French bota-
nist attached much value to these drawings of
Camelli, and attached many notes and comments
to them. The drawings of Camelli are said to be
so beautifully executed as to resemble engravings
rather than pen-and-ink sketches. The botanical
plates amount to 257 in number. These plates
were originally intended to illustrate an appendix
to Ray's Historia Plantarum, but which intention
was not carried out for financial reasons. — Gar-
deners' Chronicle,

Cost of English Roses. — A London paper
under the heading of "good news for English
Rose growers," remarks :

"There is a statement in an American exchange
to the effect that English Roses can be sent to
America, and that in spite of freight, customs'
duties, and incidental expenses, the Roses cost the
recipient less than is demanded for plants of the
same description in the States, while no American
dealer offered so choice and extensive a list from
which to make a selection as the English one."

We doubt this. Nearly all the "cheap" roses
we have seen from England are grafted on Dog
Roses or Manetti and very far from being of the
•• same description," if quality is intended, as the
American plants on their own roots.

Large Begonia. — In Germany they have pro-
duced Begonias with male flowers 5 inches across.
This is certainly enormous and they give it an enor-
mous name, — nothing less than Begonia hybrida
maxima floribunda. Yet we do not know whether
this is not better to English speaking people than its
common name, for we are told that in Germany it
is said to be ausserordentlichenblUthenreichthum,
— but at 5 inches across it ought to be all that the
name implies.

Winter Prospects in New Orleans. — A
correspondent referring to December 6th, writes :
"An unusually early 'freeze ' (mercury at 28° F.)
occurred in this latitude yesterday and the day be-

fore. The result was as though a fire had passed
over our garden. In somewhat sheltered situa-
tions the pretty little Aristolochia elegans of which
I sent you some seed, was unhurt."

Prof. Alphonse Decandolle. — Though in
his 87th year, this distinguished botanist is yet so
hale and hearty, that by the aid of glasses he is
yet as well able to dissect plants as in his younger
years.

Honors to Horticultural Editors. — The
labors of the editors of horticultural magazines
seem to be highly appreciated by the governments
and people of the Old World, judging by the num-
ber continually receiving public honors. An ex-
cellent horticultural magazine is the Evergreen,
published in Leyden, in Holland, Its editor, Mr.
M, H. Witte, has just received from the Spanish
Government the honor of " Chevalier of the Order
of Isabella the Catholic, for his distinguished
services in Horticulture."

Greenhouses of Storrs, Harrison & Co. —
These cover 45,000 square feet ; and, unlike many
greenhouses in commercial establishments, are
models of neatness, lightness and strength.

Prof. C. V. Riley.— Prof. Riley's health has
much improved of late, and he writes that he
trusts before long to bring up some of his corres-
pondence ; replies to many letters having been
necessarily delayed.

Col. M. P. Wilder. — On the morning of De-
cember 1 6th this great and good man seemed in
his usual health, breakfasting with his family.
At half-past ten the same morning his life-work
was done, and genuine horticulture in America
met with one of the greatest losses it has exper-
ienced in many years. His love for the art had
no mercenary elements. To him the axiom of the
philosopher, that a garden is the purest of all
human pleasures, was sohd reality and not mere
poetry — and his example and teachings have
given pleasure to thousands who have trodden in
his path. He was born at Ringe, New Hamp-
shire, September 22, 1798, He was educated at
the public school, and had one year in the higher
branches at the Ipswich Academy when about
twelve years, — afterwards, until he was sixteen he
had private tuition from the village clergyman.
Exhibiting talent his father offered him the choice
of going to college, or working on the farm, and
he chose the latter, and in this way fixed the taste
for agriculture and horticulture that became so
marked a character through life. Beside the farm
the father had a store at Ringe, and at twenty-one

26

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

years of age, the firm became Samuel Locke Wilder
& Son. After four years he left his father, and
started in Boston the firm of Wilder & Payson, then
Wilder & Smith. In 1837 we find him as Parker,
Blanchard & Wilder, in the wholesale commission
business,— and while here became Director in a
number of insurance and banking companies.
His business ventures seem to have been always
successful, and he amassed a considerable fortune, j

Besides continuous labor in business pursuits, he
devoted a large portion of his time to public af-
fairs. At sixteen he joined the New Hampshire
militia, becoming colonel of his regiment when
but twenty-six years of age. In 1857 we find him I
the commander of the Ancient and Honorable Ar-
tillery Company, an offshoot before the Revolution 1
of the Royal Artillery Company of London. Prince j
Albert, who was an officer in the London com- 1
pany, was made, through the efforts of Col.
Wilder, a member of the Boston company on the
219th anniversary of the founding of the company, I
a mark of good will Prince Albert never forgot.
In 1839 he was elected to represent the Dorches-
ter district in the State House of Representatives. [
In 1845 he was a member of the Executive Council, j
In 1850 he was State Senator and chosen President
of the Senate. He was a candidate for Governor,
but was beaten by Gardner, — and in the interest ,
of conciliation, went to the Baltimore Convention I
when Bell and Everett were nominated for Presi- 1
dent and Vice President of the United States.
When there was no longer hope of conciliation, j
he became a staunch supporter of the integrity of
the Union. In 1820 he married Miss Tryphosa
Jewett, in 1833 Miss Abigail Baker, and in 1855
her sister Miss Juha Baker. He has had fourteen
children. His domestic life has ever been a
singularly happy one.

To us his horticultural career is a highly inter-
esting one. His grounds at Dorchester formed a
beautiful specimen of garden art, and it was his
great dehght to have those enjoy it with him who
could appreciate the beauty. To this end all sorts
of pleasant contrivances were resorted to. Many
years ago, when the writer of this was a compara-
tively young man, and devoting his time to the
pursuits of landscape gardening, he received a
pressing invitation to visit him professionally at
Dorchester, and he wrote for his terms. The fee
was named. When he reached there Col. Wilder
remarked, "Well, let us at once attend to business
and we will have some pleasure afterwards.
Supposing I wanted to knock down this house,
and build another on one of those two locations,

which would you advise for the purpose ?" It
seemed a strange question, but it was answered.
"That will do," said he ; "come in." He at once
wrote a check for the amount named, and this
ended the "professional services." The few days
spent in Boston subsequently were very happy ones.
Under the guidance of this good friend the lead-
ing country seats famous for good gardening were
visited, and this recollection of Boston has always
been one of the pleasantest in the writer's memory.
Besides a love for true garden beauty, as we un-
derstand by the art of landscape gardening, he
was fond of experimenting and improving. He
always had in his vest pocket a camel-hair pencil
and a pair of tweezers with which he used to cross-
fertihze fruits and flowers when the opportunity
offered. When the Camellia was so popular a
half century ago, he apphed himself enthusiastic-
ally to its improvement. Many of his seedlings
took high rank and florists made him large offers
for some of them. One, Wilderi, he at last sold
for ^1000. Strawberries, grapes, and pears, in
innumerable varieties, filled his fruit garden — and
their comparative merits noted. Fruit culture
was, however, fast getting into inextricable con-
fusion by reason of a multiplicity of names for
the same varieties. To remedy this he suggested
the American Pomological Society — by which the
present admirable order was drawn out of con-
fusion. There is no doubt but the proud position
which American fruit culture holds in the eyes of
the world comes from the establishment of this
society and the good deeds of Col. Wilder in con-
nection with it. He was himself sensible of the
good work this body had accomplished and
proud of its success — and he contributed largely
of his private means as well as of hard, earnest
work, in making it a lasting and thriving body.
He was annually elected, frequently amidst the
the wildest enthusiasm, to the Presidency, and
only a few days before his death the writer had a
letter from him abounding with enthusiasm over
the prospects of again meeting his friends under
his Presidency the coming autumn.

As for the Massachussets Horticultural Society,
of which he was one of the founders and able sus-
tainers, they will, no doubt, tell us in due time of
their estimate of his loss.

As a presiding officer, he was, possibly, one of
the ablest men who ever undertook to manage a
public body. Always fully appreciating honors
paid to himself, he was at the same time delighted
when honor was paid to his compeers, and con-
tinually suggesting some method by which they

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

27

might get justice done them. Even men whom he
could not personally have great regard for, always
had from him the fullest credit for any public ser-
vice rendered. Even when presiding at a
public meeting, and some miserable nuisance
would disgust the assemblage by his vapid talks.
Col. Wilder's aptness would find a way to choke
him off in a manner that would make the trans-
gressor feel rather complimented than rebuked.

An overflowing love for the whole country, as
well as for his friends individually, was one of his
marked characteristics. The notice in another col-
umn, of our portrait of Mr. Hovey, is from his
pen, but a few days before his death; and we can-
not better close this hurried notice as characteristic
of the man, than by quoting his own words, in a
recent address of his before the New England
Genealogical Society :

" Human life is changing and transitory ! A few
more days, a few more months, and this tired brain
and this languid tongue will have cast off their
threadbare, wornout covering : but the spirit shall
continue to praise God for His wonderful works in
this Western World, and the blessings which have
flowed from the influence of New England char-
acter. We shall pass away, and the dust of past
and future generations shall be commingled with
ours in one common grave. But we trust our so-
ciety will live on and on, and be more and more
appreciated for the work it has done and is doing,
so that the record of our own New England and
its families may be perpetuated with historic con-
tinuity while the Anglo Saxon race shall have a
place in the annals of time."

Up to the last he maintained that happy com-
bination of manhood dignity with the innocent
boyish pleasures of youth. A few years ago the
writer " dropped in " on a hasty run through Bos-
ton. He was directed to the garden, and there
Col. Wilder was at length found, sitting under a
beechen tree, and, boy-like, with a jack-knife, cut-
ting his initials on the bark, with the date and day.

We fear it will be along time before horticulture
receives the blessing of another Wilder. We can
only hope and pray.

AuGUSTE VAN Geert. — In one way or another
this eminent Belgian florist was well known in
America. A recent Gardeners Chronicle says :

"We greatly regret to have to announce the
death of one of the famous horticulturists ol Ghent,
Augusta van Geert, who died, somewhat suddenly,
on November 24, at the age of 68. M. van Geert
was one of the founders of Ghent horticulture.
He was the son of Jean van Geert, the associate
of Verschaffelt and van Houtte. Auguste van
Geert at the early age of twelve years entered the
estabhshment of Messrs. Knight & Perry at Chel-
sea, the predecessors of the Messrs. Veitch, and
soon entered into relations with the Loddiges, the

Rollissons, the Lows, and other famous English
horticulturists of the day. Scarcely more than a
fortnight since Auguste van Geert took part, in ap-
parently good health, in the jubillee festival of his
son-in-law, Edouard Pynaert. M. Auguste van
Geert had been ailing for some years, but his sud-
den death has come as a surprise and a profound
grief to his friends. Of late years M. van Geert
took great interest in the culture of orchids, of

I which he had a large private collection. M. van
Geert occupied a foremost place in Belgian horti-
culture, and received many testimonies from his
friends and from the Government which evinced
the esteem in which he was held. We were our-

j selves witnesses, on one occasion, of a touching
scene, in which his daughter, Madame Pynaert
van Geert, offered her congratulations to her father
on an occasion wh'en her father was the recipient
of some state honor, and which made a great im-
pression on us at the time, as being so very un-Eng-
lish, and yet so thoroughly appropriate on both
sides."

Frederick Emile Simon. — Botany and horti-
culture, of all other branches of art and science,
owe a lasting debt of gratitude to chromo lithogra-
phy. The inventor of this beautiful art, M.
Simon, died recently at Strasburg, in his 81st year.
He had been decorated by the Government of his
country with the insignia of Chevalier of the
Legion of Honor for the distinguished services his
discovery had been to humanity.

Death of a Veteran Editor. — Some Horti-
cultural Editors Hve long, in spite of the exacting
and continuous nature of their duties. The death
of Mr. Joseph Bermenn, the Editor of the Illus-
trirte Garten Zeifung, of Vienna, has just been
announced. He was in his 76th year, and in the
harness to the last.

George William Johnson. — ''Johnson's Hor-
ticultural Works," and especially " Johnson' Gar-
deners' Dictionary," are so well known, and have
been so highly appreciated, that our readers will
be, many of them, sorry to learn of the death of
the author, through the following paragraph from
the Gardeners' Chronicle. Mr. Johnson, being
deaf, seldom made his appearance in societies and
conventions. — but he made up for this by untiring
industry in the privacy of his own library to do as
much good to his fellow-men, probably, as if he
had the privileges of other men.
! " For the details which follow we are indebted
to the courtesy of the Editor of the Journal of
i Horticulture. George William Johnson was born
ion November 5, 1802. at Blackheath. Together
with his elder brother, Cuthbert, well known as a
writer on agricultural subjects, George devoted his
attention to chemistry, and its practical application
to agricultural purposes. Their father's salt works at
Heybridge in Essex supplied both the incentive to

28

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

research and the means for carrying it out. As
early as 1826 Mr. Johnson began to write for the
horticultural press, and to Loudon's Gardeners'
Ma^^asine he,in 1827, contributed a series of papers
on chemistry as apphed to horticulture. Other
literary work followed during the time the author
was reading for the bar. After being " called " at
Gray's Inn, he proceeded to India, became a Pro-
fessor in the Hindoo College of Calcutta. Here he
did much journalistic work, including the editor-
ship of the Government Gazette.

"Mr. Johnson, however, only resided in India
for a few years, and on his return to this country
again turned his attention to gardening pursuits
and horticultural Uterature. In 1848 he founded
the Cottage Gardener, as above stated, and in 1851
he became associated as Editor and proprietor
with Dr. Hogg, and the friendship and conjoint
labors of these two men was, to those who knew
the circumstances, one of the pleasantest episodes
of the journalism of our time.

" After eighty-four years of life, the long working
period of which was so usefully and so honourably
filled, George William Johnson was laid to his rest
in the burial-ground of St. Peter's, at Croydon, on
Nov. 4th."

Popular Gardening. — Our vigorous and ex-
cellent young contemporary, continues to show
the best evidence of good health, namely, an
enormous appetite. It has already devoured a
number of similar publications, and has just fin-
ished a square meal out of the Michigan Horti-
culturist, or, as it was recently styled, the Ameri-
can Horticulturist. Like other earnest eastern
youths, it is evidently taking Horace Greeley's ad-
vice, "Go West young man, go West." In these
days of literary dyspepsia, it is ^ratifying to note
such healthful digestion.

A Forestry Journal. — Notwithstanding the
failures of attempts to sustain a magazine solely
devoted to Forestry, the Scottish Arboricultural
Society will probably bring another into the
world.

Some Additional Notes on Trees and Tree
Planting in Massachusetts. — By Prof. C. S.
Sargent. This is one of the most useful contribu-
tions to American Forestry that has been issued
for some time. He finds that so far as Massa-
chusetts is concerned, his earlier recommenda-
tions of European trees, require emendation.
Now he would prefer forests to be of American
Oak, American Ash, Hickory, White Pine, and
Pitch Pine. So far as railroad ties are concerned,
the same fate seems to be following Catalpa that
met Locust. As frequently stated in the Gar-
deners' Monthly, the first ties on the Philadel-
phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad were
of Locust, — in that early period of railroading,

it being thought that durability was of first im-
portance. In less than one year it was discovered
that elasticity was of far more importance than
indestructibility, and in less than a couple of years
they were all taken out and replaced by Oak. No
one seems to have learned anything from those
facts. Each experimenter prefers to spend his
own money and find out for himself. Here we
learn that the Boston and Providence Railroad
I Company have been over the same ground. In
' 1878, they put down American Larch, White Oak,
, European Larch, Western Catalpa, Ailanthus,
I Black Spruce, Southern hard Pine (?), White Elm,
Hemlock, Canoe Birch. The Elm and Birch
[ seem to be fairly satisfactory as any, but the
I White Oak best of all. The necessary replacing
fairly began in 1882, with the removal of two
I Ailanthus ties ; but one remains on the track but
' little worn and apparently as sound as when laid
' down. Crushing weight is the foe to a railroad tie ,
and the elasticity that will ease this is of more
consequence than density or mere durability in
the wood itself.

Even here, as in forestry experiments, reputa-
tion of the timber may suffer from special cir-
cumstances. Any one who has watched a pass-
' ing train must have noticed that some ties do not
lie as solid as others. The rail bends slightly un-
t der the weight of the train, and the crush on that
! tie must be immensely greater than on those which
quietly allow the weight to pass over. This may
! have been the case with the Ailanthus ties that
gave out early, — the existing one may have been
favored. We merely point this out as a possible
' element in the computation.

It is just the same in the choice of trees for for-
estry purposes. While we have always contended
that there was more value in American species for
' forestry purposes, than the ardent admirers of
foreign trees would admit, we are not yet prepared
to go so far in condemning foreign kinds, as Prof.
Sargent seems now to do. We can hardly judge
of the longevity of a tree or its freedom from in-
' sects by individual specimens on ornamental
[ grounds. Exposed on all sides to wind and frost
and without the food and shelter which thousands
together afford each other, the single tree has a
small chance. And again, nurserymen of experi-
ence begin to learn a little from experience in re-
gard to the destructive effects on health and long-
' evity of root fungus. The seedlings from the old
long established nurseries of Europe, have usually
I root fungus attached to them, and are wholly un-
1 suited to forest planting. With seed sown in

188;.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

29

-wholly new and healthy ground, we believe Eu-
ropean trees would make a much better showing.

And then there is the accident of soil, to which
we have recently called attention. To take a tree
such as the Larch, which delights in an altitude of
several thousand feet, and comparatively rocky 1
soil, and place it near the coast level and in rich
farm land, is not giving the timber the fair test de-
sirable to form a good judgment in a general way.

Professor Sargent's thoughts are all in the right
direction as bearing on all these questions ; and its
effects on American forestry, when its drift is un-
derstood, cannot but be highly beneficial.

House Plants as Sanitary Agents.— By Dr.
J. M. Anders. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott &
Co. 1886.

Dr. Anders is well-known, not only in America
but in Europe, as the discoverer of the emission
of ozone from flowers, and as the author of some
exceedingly interesting observations on the trans-
piration of plants. Chiefly by his good work it
is becoming an acknowledged fact that plants in
living or sleeping rooms are not only not un-
healthy, as former sanitarians had taught, but
that their agency is highly beneficial. Such an
original observer is just the person to write a book,
for books generally, and flower books in particular,
so often tell over again what others have told,and it
is emphatically an original book. He goes into the
details of the march of thought during the past
to the present belief in the sanitary value of plants
about our homes. He tells of malaria and how it
originates. He discusses the whole question of
hygiene so far as plants can influence it — of ozone
and the means by which it is generated, and the
happy relations of plants to the improvement of
the sick, of the value of plants to consumptives.
Then there is a practical chapter on the manage-
ment of house plants, contributed by Professor
Thomas Meehan, and other chapters on the in-
fluence of forests on general health. To say that
it is an original work, brought down to the ad-
vanced science of our day, is no small praise, but
it is a pleasure to add in addition that it will cer-
tainly be welcome to every intelligent person who
may love to see our homes and business offices
counterparts, as far as art can effect it, counter-
parts of the glories of forest and field.

Myoporineous plants of Australia. By Dr.
F. Von Mullen Australia, 1886. Published by
the Colonial Government.

When the botanist talks of Verbenaces or the
Verbena family, the horticulturist thinks of the

small creeping plants known as Verbena in gar-
dens. A large number of them are, however,
shrubs or small trees, and when we think of the
Lantana or Aloysia (Lemon Verbena) we may un-
derstand what appearance these arborescent
plants would have in their native woods. Myopor-
acese is a family of plants closely related to that
of Verbena, and they exist in large numbers in
Australia, growing into large trees, and forming
shrubby undergrowth. Up to the present time 74
species have been described from that region, and
all of these are beautifully illustrated in the work
before us. Besides a branch in flower, complete
detail drawings, even to plant hairs and stamens,
and embryos, are given. The text has not yet
been written, but will probably appear next year
as a part of Decandolle's Prodromus. It is a good
thought, as it seems to us, to issue these pictures
in advance of the body of the work, as it will
familiarize the general public with the plants and
enable those who give thought to the subject to
communicate any fact to the author, so that every-
thing known to anybody may get credit when the
final volume appears. The practice might be ex-
tended to great advantage. Some of the species
are insignificant, but many are quite showy, and
would be great ornaments to gardens in our coun-
try where Gardenias, Pittosporums, and such like
plants would survive. It is much to be regretted
that our large cities that have fine parks or zoolog-
ical gardens do not take in hand the work of put-
ting up greenhouses for plants of this character. Un-
fortunately those who manage these places have
no idea what to do themselves, and are above
consulting with those who know, and hence if
anything is attempted it is in such costly Unes
that the tax payers get disgusted, and everything
soon tumbles with decay. The conservatory at
Fairmount Park is an illustration. This was put
up at a cost bordering on a quarter of a million
dollars scarcely ten years ago. It took an enor-
mous amount of boilers and pipes to keep the
temperature to a tropical degree, and after all only
a few Aroids, tree Ferns, and Palms will grow in
it. Only ten years ago ! The thing is already
tumbling down, and the Commissioners ask for
^50,000 to temporarily save it from falling ; but
Councils could only spare $5,000 for temporary
shores. Why not build houses for plants that do
not require this enormous expense for heat — plants
that require simply to be preserved from frost.
What a magnificent Australian house could be
built for a quarter of a million, so strong that it
would last for a century, and so cheaply managed

30

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

that no tax payer would grumble at the expense.
Perhaps we may have this good judgment some
day, and then see these pretty plants themselves,
as well as the lovely pictures Baron Mueller here
gives us.

History and Biology of the Pear Blight.
—By Prof, J. C. Arthur.

This is a thesis presented to the faculty of Cor-
nell University on the creation of Professor Ar-
thur to the degree of Doctor of Science. By
Pear Blight, Dr. Arthur means what is known as
Fire Blight in the Pear— a trouble that has long
been a source of serious controversy. Dr. Arthur
has been unable to trace its earliest appearance
here, though he believes it to be wholly an Amer-
ican disease, Coxe, in 1817, notes it as being at
that time a great pest to the pear grower. Dr.
Arthur concludes that Prof. Burrill is fully justified
in regarding the trouble as directly produced by
bacterium, different from that which produces dis-
ease in other plants, and which is described and
figured here as Micrococcus amylovorus. The
paper is reprinted from the " Proceedings ot the
Academy of. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia."

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meet-
ing OF the Society for the Promotion of
Agricultural Science— Buffalo Meeting.—
From the Secretary, Prof, Lazenby.

The essays have, in many respects, as much, or
even more interest for horticulturists as for agricul-
turists. H. E. Alvord shows that prevailing no-
tions on the formation of dew need correcting.
Professor Beal shows how parasitic funguses often
control the geographical distribution of plants.
Prof. Farlow notes the spots on the leaves of roses
caused by the spores of Pilobolus thrown up from
the ground. By the inquiries made at the meeting
by Prof. Farlow, he has not, evidently, seen an
account by Prof. Thos, Meehan in the " Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences," pub-
lished a few years ago. Prof. Forbes tells us of a
contagious disease which may, luckily for us, keep
down the cabbage worm. Prof. Lazenby gives
some very valuable figures regarding the compar-
ative rates of growth of forest seedlings. Mr. T. V.
Munson, who has had a good experience with hy-
brid grapes, has a paper on the Effects of Hybrid-
ity. Mr. Scribner has a paper on Black Rot. Al-
together the " Proceedings " give very interesting
reading to those inquiring minds who believe there
is always something to learn in this world.

Catalogues. — Ely, Z. de Forest & Co., Garden
Almanac and Seed Manual, Philadelphia. Heine-

mann, F. C, Plant-List, 1886-87, Erfurt. Germany.
Landreth, D. & Sons, Vegetable, Field and Flower
Seeds, Philadelphia, Pa. Lenault-Huet, Nursery
Stock, Ussy (Calvados), France. Levavasseur &
Son, Trees and Shrubs, Ussy (Calvados), France.
Moon, Sam'l C, Gladiolus, Morrisville, Pa. Pin-
ney Geo., Evergreens, &c.. Evergreen, Wis.
Platz, C. & Son, German Seeds, Erfurt, Prussia.
Raoux, C, Pampas Plumes, &c., N. Y. City.
Reborefa, F., Bulbs and Flower Roots, OUioules,
France. Riemschneider, Ernest, Bulbs, Roses^
&c., Altona, Hamburg, Germany. Sebire, P.,
Nursery Stock, Ussy, France. Trenkman, H. G.
& Co., Flower Seeds, Weissenfelson-on-Saale,
Germany. Van Tubergen, C. G., Jr., Flower
Roots, Haarlem, Holland. Vervaet Eugene, Azale-
as, &c., De Vos Swynaerde, near Ghent, Belgium.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Our Portrait of Mr. Hovey. — Col. Wilder,
in a letter brim full of enthusiasm, received but a
few days before the news of his death says he
was delighted to see our portrait and sketch of
Mr. Hovey in the December number. "You have
done him justice and he is worthy of what you
have said. As a pioneer journalist and practical
cultivator he has been a benefactor to our cause,^
and it is proper that this record should be made
where it will live long after all of us shall be
buried in the bosom of mother earth."

A Horse Sod Cutter. — "J. W. McG.," Orange,
N.J., writes: "I saw an advertisementin the Month-
ly some years ago for a sod cutter that you can put
a horse to. Will you please let me know who has
it for sale ?"

[ We have not seen any further notice of this
invention than was given in the paragraph re-
ferred to. If any reader can give additional par-
ticulars, we shall be very glad to have them. —
Ed. G. M.]

Hyacinth Bean. — "Physician" inquires if any
one knows what is the botanical name of a plant,
said to be known as Hyacinth Bean. It is desira-
ble to know on account of a case of poisoning.
We do not know of the plant by this name. It
seems alhed to Phaseolus lunatus.

Abelia rupestris. — A correspondent kindly
notes that in the article on "Abeha rupertris" at
p. 323, there is a typographical error, rupestris
having been three times repeated rupertris. It is
remarkable that the proof reader made the three-
fold error.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

31

Horticultural Societies,

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Proceedings of the Second Convention of
American Florists. — This is a very valuable
document, and will certainly be of great service
to the members of the Society for whom it is
printed. So many persons expressed regret that
we were not able to get Mr. Hendrick's reply to
to the welcome at Mr. Childs' which we hoped to
have together in our November number, that we
give it here from these proceedings, — it will make
our account of that part of the pleasant occasion
complete :

"Mr. James Hendrick, of Albany, New York,
responded on behalf of the guests. He said :

"Mr. Childs : I appear before you, sir, to thank
you from the bottom of my heart for the kindness
with which you have received us this day, and to
assure you of our sincere appreciation of your
hospitality in inviting us to Ise present on these
grounds.

"It was the royal prophet of a peculiar people
who cried out with his prophetic voice and re-
peated in ecstacies of joy, 'Unto us a child is born
— unto us a son is given.' May I not, without
irrever*. nee, on behalf of the American Florists,
exclaim to-day, 'Unto us a Child is born,* and his
name is George William ? Am I not right in
thinking that this 'Child' has so grown that his
name and his fame have become household words,
not only in Bryn Mawr and in Philadelphia, but
in all the United States ? Am I not right in saying
that wherever poverty was present he never
closed his hand? Am I not right in declaring that
when victory perched upon the banners of the
great captain of our armies, there was no man in
the United States so near to him as was George W.
Childs ? [ Three rounds of cheers for Mr. Childs
were here given with great cordiality.] Am I not
right in asserting that when a gloomy cloud ap-
peared upon the horizon of that great captain's
life and he seemed appalled under the load im-
posed upon him, and when false friends sought to
pull him down, George W. Childs assured him, 'I
am here at your back ?' [Applause.] Then, gen-
tlemen, if I am right in my thoughts and utter-
ances, it follows that you are to-day associated
with a man whose personal record is as honorable
as that of any man whom I can name. [ 'Our
next President' and long-continued cheers.]

"Whether he be President or not, he hves in the
esteem of every patriot, he lives in the affection of
every good-minded man in the community. [Ap-
plause.]

"Let me say^to you, Mr. Childs, that you have
done well in ^extending your invitation to the

I American florists. We belong, sir, to a very an-
I cient tribe. My good friend there (Mr. Meehan)
\ spoke about the woman who made the first gar-
j land. Does he not know that the only business
j on this earth which is of Divine origin is that
j which God created when He commissioned man
to superintend the garden which He Himself had
planted ? Does he not remember that we, as
I earth's artists, had been commissioned by God for
j His own work, and that we were not to beautify
the lily, nor to paitit the rose, nor to tint nature
with unnatural crimson, but that, having given us
j brains. He works through us and makes this gar-
[ den of ours like a paradise ?

I "My friends, if I am right in the few remarks I
j have made, we are entitled to feel that this gentle-
man, in the hospitality he has extended to us, has
, by his association with us made us better men.
I In going hence from Wootton, this place at one
time a corn-field, but now so beautified by art that
I it presents a scene of beauty which, in my judg-
ment, is unequalled, let us go from it pledging
j ourselves and pledging each other that we shall
I be better men and better women and better citi-
I zens, and have a more friendly regard for our
entire race. Gentlemen, on your behalf I have
said these few words. Here is the man (indicating
; Mr. Childs) to whom your thanks are due. His
j spokesman has spoken well. Let us wish that our
I host, when his work is done, when the earth is
vanishing from his sight, when he is called up be-
fore that great, high throne, the welcome will be
given him, 'Here is the Child who has been a
I source of great comfort and blessing to many a
•. man.' [ The speaker here retired amid a chorus
of cheers, which seemed to rustle the leaves of the
trees overhead.]

"Mr. Meehan here announced : Ladies and
Gentlemen : Mr. Childs, overwhelmed by the cor-
diality of your greeting, desires me to say that he
will be pleased to shake hands with you, if you
will pass by him in this direction. I hope you will
accord him that gratification."

Penn. Horticultural Society. — At the an-
nual meeting of the Pennsylvania Horticultural
Society the following officers were elected : Pres-
ident, J. E. Mitchell; Vice-Presidents, Caleb Cope,
Isaac C. Price, Geo. W. Earl, Robert Craig ; Cor-
responding Secretary, Thomas Meehan ; Record-
ing Secretary, Edwin Lonsdale ; Treasurer, W.
F. Dreer; Prof. Botany, Dr. Charles Schaffer ;
Prof. Horticultural Chemistry, James C. Booth ;
Prof, of Entomoloy, S. S. Rathvon.

Mr. Lonsdale, the successor of the late Secre-
tary Harrison, was elected by the large vote of
86 out of 97 cast. He was also recently elected

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

"Secretary of the American Society of American
Florists — all the other nominees withdrawing in
his favor.

Mr. Lonsdale is an educated gardener, having
had the advantage of regular tuition under Stephen
Taplin, who had charge of the celebrated gardens
of the Earl of Stamford at Enville Park, Stafford-
shire. In 1879 he came to America, and soon
after was recommended by Mr. James Taplin to
Mr. Meehan, of Germantown, as foreman of the
greenhouses, in which capacity he was engaged
acceptably for several years, then returning to
England to close out some business affairs. Re-
turning on a re-engagement, he had charge with
Mr. Meehan several years, till a desire overcame
him to try his fortune in the Golden State. An
opportunity occurring to buy out a florist's estab-
lishment in Germantown, led him to leave the
Pacific. In 1880, in connection with his brother-
in-law, the firm of Lonsdale & Burton was founded
at Wyndmoor, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, a
florist's establishment which has taken a leading
part in the Philadelphia business, besides obtain-
ing in some particulars, and in rose growing es-
pecially, a national reputation.

Outside of the membership of the society, and
wherever the intelligence and excellent personal
qualities of Mr. Lonsdale are known, he receives
many congratulations on his succession to this re-
sponsible office in this time-honored society.

State Horticultural Association of Penn-
sylvania.— The annual meeting of the Pennsyl-
vania State Association will be held at Bethlehem,
Pa., January 19th and 20th, 1887. The usual ex-
cursion rates will be granted by the Philadelphia
and Reading, and Pennsylvania Railroads, and
further particulars will be furnished upon applica-
tion to E. B. Engle, Secretary, Waynesboro, Pa.

These meetings are always interesting and at-
tended by some of the most intelligent horticul-
turists in the State. In the history of the society
two meetings have already been held at Bethell
hem, and both were among the most profitable
and pleasant ever held.

The Forthcoming Meeting of the Am-
erican PoMOLOGiCAL SOCIETY. — Though the
date of the meeting has not yet been fixed, the
Boston people are getting ready for a grand old
time. Col. Wilder writes: "That the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society has appropriated
five hundred dollars to be awarded in compli-
mentary prizes to exhibitors of the American
Pomological Society at its next meeting in Sep-

tember. Open to the whole country. These are
in addition to the Wilder Medals which will be
awarded as usual ; what we anticipate will produce
a remarkable exhibition from different parts of
our wide spread country, and to accommodate
which we have secured the great hall of the
Mechanics Association with more in capacity than
our own."

Western New York Horticultural So-
ciety,— We have an impression that this is the
oldest of these very useful State societies, as it
certainly is one of the most useful and well-at-
tended. This is its 32nd annual meeting, and will
be held this year at Rochester, on the 26th of
January. There are to be a number of interesting
papers read. Professor Goff will talk on the newly
discovered Potato sketches, which are said to be
fully equal to charcoal sketches or sketches in
chalk. For the benefit of market fruit growers, J.
J. Thomas will discourse on the future of the busi-
ness. Mr. Chas. A. Green, of the Fruit Grower,
and Prof. Sturtevant will tell of what is new in
small fruit culture; and Mr. Butler, Editor of the
Vineyardist, of the grape. Flower-lovers will have
an essay on the Rose, by Mr. D. M. Dunning, the
well known rose lover of Auburn, whose love for
the plant has, no doubt, extracted from the Queen
of flowers secrets that she does not tell to all. The
important subject of Aphis on the Cherry will have
consideration from Mr. Charles Little.

Germantown (Pa.) Horticultural Society.
— At the annual meeting, Mr. B. H. Shoemaker
was elected President, Messrs. Jonathan Jones,
Charles J. Wister and James Barrows, Vice- Presi-
dents ; Joseph Meehan, Treasurer, and Thomas B.
Meehan, Secretary, in place of Edwin Lonsdale,
resigned, to occupy the same position in the Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society. The finances
were shown to be in a very healthy condition, A
feature in this Society is a Committee on Botany
and instruction, appointed by the President, and
the chairman of this Committee gives an off-hand
lecture at every monthly meeting on topics sug-
gested by the plants, fruits and vegetables ex-
hibited. No charge is made for admission at the
monthly meetings, and they are attended by hun-
dreds of the best citizens, and in this way a wide-
spread influence in favor of horticulture is exer-
cised through the community.

The American Exhibition in London. —
Seedsmen, Nurserymen and Horticulturists gener-
ally, should not forget the great exhibition that is
to be held in London, commencing May the next,
exclusively for the products of the United States.
The immense interest taken in Canadian products
at the recent Colonial Exhibition, shows what will
be the reception given to the more varied products
of the United States. England is not a large buyer
of American products, except in food articles, which
she has not area enough to produce for her large
population,— but we believe she would be if what
we have to offer are made better known.

Mr. Burnett Landreth, of Philadelphia, is Direct-
or for the United States, and any information de-
sired may be had from him.

IHE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS,

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN:

Volume XXIX.

FEBRUARY. 1887.

Number 338.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

We are glad to find that our efforts to direct at-
tention to the beautiful but much neglected art of
landscapegardening, are meeting with considerable
success. Much more attention is being given to
having country homes outside of great cities than
a few years since, and double the pleasure can be
had from them when everything in
their surrounding is tastefully ar-
ranged, than when things are simply
" set out " and left to run in a hap-
hazard sort of way. We have recently
given home views of country seats,
illustrative of special points in land-
scape gardening. To-day we present
views of the grounds of Mr. J. M.
Tilford, of White Plains, New York,
showing the admirable effects of
straight avenues of trees, and the
more artificial features in garden art.

There was a time when everything
in gardening was more or less directed
in straight lines or squares. With the
introduction of a taste for curved lines
as being more " natural," there was
such a reaction against " Dutch "
gardening that no good gardener dare
talk of a straight line. One of the

earliest contributions to horticultural literature by
the writer of these lines, was a defense of straight
lines, in the early issues of Downing's Horticultu-
rist. This paper, now nearly forty years ago, met
the approval of that great landscape artist, and did
a little to stem the tide setting in against the use of
straight lines in many cases.

In Mr. Tilford's grounds we have a beautiful

Shaded Walk, J. M. Tilford's Residence.

34

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

avenue, shaded by elms, which, as it has a good
object at the end, is singularly eflfective. One of
the leading features of these grounds is the good
use of the artificial in connection with the natural.
Summer houses, arbors, statues and rustic seats
abound. Indeed, true art in landscape garden-

material painted ol the same color as the wood,
in order to preserve its rustic appearance.

In making these houses it must be remembered
that they are to serve as retreats during hot weath-
er, and therefore coolness is a first consideration.
A good non-conducting material should be used

ing does not consist in the ^i..pA.> uivit ui ^uii^.
curves or straight lines, or in the presence or ab-
sence of arbors, or statues, or vases, but in using
or placing them just where they will be in harmony
with the ideas or associations the artist desires to
express. For instance, there are many places in
a garden where a sun dial could be used with ad-
mirable effect. Great pleasure could be deiived
from placing one properly. But if we come on
one set in the deep recesses of a shady wood, or
in a cave, the unappropriateness excites ridicule,
rather than a sensation of the agreeable. We
should feel rather in a lunatic asylum than on the
grounds of one with whom we might share a
feast of pleasure.

Arbors and summer houses can often be made
of rustic material at little cost, and will be more
appropriate to the surroundings than if made of
more artificial material. We give on page 36
(Fig. 1) a half section of an octagonal building, so
made. The bark should be taken off and the

Residence of J. M. 1 ilford, White Plains, N. Y.

for this. There is nothing better than straw,— or,
as the folks in the old country would say, a
thatched roof. We give an illustration of one of
these. (See Fig. 2, page 37.)

In our country we should prefer the eaves to be
longer than given here, as the projection is a bet-
ter aid to coolness, in keeping out the direct rays
of the sun. In fact, the chief distinction between
an American and an English summer house might
be said to be that in the one coolness and shade
were the prominent features, against the mere
resting places of the Old World.

:887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

35

COMMUNICATIONS.

WHAT I WOULD DO IN TREE PLANTING.

BY D. S. GRIMES.

If trees, fruits and flowers were in any way a
benefit or pleasure to my family and my friends —
of any value to my property or my country — I
would plant and cultivate them.

If a knowledge of the adaptation of trees and
plants to climate and soil, of selecting, planting
and cultivating, was essential to success in grow-
ing trees and plants, I would obtain that knowl-
edge.

If I were the owner of but a single town lot, how-
ever small it might be, I would clear out the cast-
away fruit cans from the back yard and plant fruit.
I would plant trees to make my home attractive
and comfortable.

If I wanted to sell or rent my property to the
best advantage, I would plant and grow an illus-
trated advertisement of trees on that property.

If the years of my life had passed three score
and ten, and I believed the planting of trees
would be of value to following generations, I
would fill the measure of my strength and ability
in planting them.

Whether in the prime of life or declining years,
I would seek those aids to horticultural informa-
tion that were true and reliable.

I would give more for one line of concentrated

mercantile interests, or of any honorable profes-
sion, industry or enterprise, I would patronize that
locality or state in which I was the most interested.
Denver, Colorado.

PYRUS SPECTABILIS, PARKMANI,
CHINESE WEEPING LILAC.

BY F. L. TEMPLE.

AND

It is a pleasure to talk with the readers of the
Monthly— when you have something to say. Two
new trees have come to us, which prove to be such
valuable additions to our list of choice ornamentals,
that I take great pleasure in presenting them to our
horticulturists.

I will first state that they are both perfectly
hardy at Boston. " Pyrus Malus Parkmanii " is,
probably, a variety of P. M. spectabilis, which
originated in Japan, and was brought to this
country by the late Piesident Clark of Amherst

Lawn at J. M. Tilford's Residence

truth, from a practical man, on tree culture, than
for a whole volume of exaggerated nonsense from
the lie-brass of a dishonest and sensational " tree
agent."

Prices, quality and risks being equal, whether
of the products of the soil, the manufactory, the

(See page 34.

Ag. College. Two plants only were received, and
one died, while the other had a lingering existence
for some years, when it rallied and shone forth
with the most beautiful blossoms and buds ever
seen on a flowering apple, and its value has been
fully acknowledged here for several years past.

36

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

It is a small-sized, slender-branched tree, with a
thick top, and its leaves are remarkably firm, cori-
aceous, and glossy, cuneate in shape, and so dis-
tinct in appearance from any other trees of this
family that it can be recognized at a distance as
easily as a Rhododendron, while the autumn
colors of the foliage are equal to those of the
Liquidambar or any other tree we have.

The beauty of its foliage alone would entitle it
to a place of honor on any lawn^
but when its buds appear in May
its surpassing loveliness is enthu-
siastically acknowledged by aU
who see it. The stems of the blos-
soms are three inches long, and
so slender that the weight of its
carmine buds, an inch in length,
bends them down into a graceful
curve, which adds greatly to the
whole effect. The open flowers are
a lighter shade of carmine, and
are as double as an average tea
rose.

Those who have seen the tea
rose " Pere Gontier " may be told
that its buds are fac-similes of
those of that fine new rose, both in
shape and color, though, of course,
not so large. Any person seeing
these long and elegant buds of
carmine would suppose they were
tea rose buds, and nothing else.
I showed them last May to many
amateurs, and all were so warm
in their admiration that I felt I
could not over-praise it myself.

The second new one is " Syringa ligustrina
Pekinensis," variety Pendula. It is a hlac having
foliage, in shape, like that of the laurel willow,
and, probably, white flowers, although it has not
yet flowered in this country. Its habit is almost pre-
cisely like that of Forsythiasuspensa ; while, grafted
high on a standard, it forms a more graceful tree
than the Kilmarnock Willow. It is the first
*' Weeping " lilac ever seen, I think, and will be
the parent of a new type of this family, no doubt.
Somerville, Mass.

I give my experience. Some years since I had
just such a state of affairs as Mrs. Thomson de-
scribes. I had packed my sets and small bulbs
in barrels, and covered the barrels with hay. But
we had an unusually cold snap, and my bulbs
were frozen, — so I thought. I found, however, in
spring on examining my barrels that only about
6 inches around the sides, top, and bottom of the
barrels, was frozen, and a small space in the

FREEZING OF TUBEROSE BULBS.

BY JAMES M. LAMB.

In your October number I find an article
headed, "Tuberose bulbs flowering after hard
freezing." I think this heading is misleading ; so

FIG. I. See Hints, page 34.

middle of each barrel was perfectly safe and, I am
satisfied, was not reached by the frost at all ; the
outside, that first froze, protecting the inside of the
barrel, on the same principle as 6 inches of earth
piled around a bank of sweet potatoes will protect
them from frost. After an experience of fourteen
years in growing Tuberose bulbs I am persuaded
that an actual freeze will destroy both flower-
germ and bulb. But I know that small bulbs left
in the ground over winter, where the ground
froze say 2 inches, have bloomed for me as well
as if taken up and kept in the greenhouse, and
that of 60,000 small bulbs left in the ground when
it froze 6 inches last year, not one ever showed a
leaf. Now, Mr. Editor, I hesitated to speak of
your comments on Mrs. Thomson's article, but as
you infer you wish facts I give them as I see them.
First you say, if a bulb is dug in the fall before it
is inclined to rest naturally, the embryo flower is

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

37

not formed and will consequently not bloom in the
spring when planted.

My observation leads me to say that there is no
natural rest for a growing Tuberose bulb but the
perfection of its flowers. The taking up and dry-
ing of bulbs in the fall, or their growth being
stopped before blooming, by frost, is not a natural
rest. We have to dig our earliest plantings the
latter part of September to keep them from flow-
ering. Secondly, that a half-grown bulb dug in
the fall, kept from frost and planted in spring will
flower when it attains its full growth, which it does
here the latter part of August and in September.

My observation further leads me to say, that a
full grown bulb needs more care in the winter
than a half-grown one or a small set, for this rea

FIG. 2.

son : In all the embryonic flower is present, but
in the small ones so far down in the sohd part of
the bulb as to be very much protected ; in the fully
•developed bulb the embryonic flower has come up
in the neck of the bulb where it is easily affected
by cold, and if once touched it will not flower, but
decay. Hence I find full grown bulbs that I know
would flower next year, if left in the ground here,
make nothing but tares. While half-grown bulbs
left in the same ground will keep on growing next
year and bloom when fully grown.

One great difficulty in growing Tuberoses for
bloom, by florists and others, is to get bulbs with
the flower buds too far advanced, or just ready to

bloom before being dug. Such bulbs are liable to
be injured by very little cold and are consequent-
ly worse than useless. Fayetteville, N. C.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A Yellow Queen Margaret.— It is said that
a China aster with pale yellow flowers, has ap-
peared in France.

Sowing Sweet Peas. — A correspondent of
Gardenmg World says : " I am decidedly of opin-
ion that Sweet Peas are sown much too thickly.
When visiting Mr. Eckford at Boreatton, three
years ago, I found that he adopted the practice of
sowing his new Sweet Peas singly, with the result
that they made large bushy plants, and flowered
both freely and finely. I was forcibly struck with
the size the plants made, and what a great space
an individual specimen filled. As a general rule,
Sweet Peas are sown much too thickly, and often
in poor ground that has not been stirred deeply,
and the result is they flower and then seem to de-
cay ; they are too crowded and the soil does not
sustain them as it should do. Let them dig deeply
and well manure the ground, and then sow thinly,
so that each plant may have free room in which
to develop. Let them pick off the blossoms as
they decay, and they will be rewarded by a vig-
orous and healthy growth and a continuity of
bloom that will surprise them."

Hepatica. — Some of our native plants are ob-
jects of enthusiastic culture in the Old World. A
correspondent of the Gardeners' Chronicle, thus
talks of the Hepatica :

" In his book on ' Alpine Flowers,' Mr. W. Rob-
inson remarks : ' To add perfume to the Violet,
paint the Lily, or gild the yellow Crocus, would
seem to be no more wasteful excess than to praise
this exquisite little flower. There is a cheerfulness
and a courage about it on warm, sunny borders in
spring which no other flower possesses ; they are
hardy everywhere, are not fastidious as to soil,
though they love a deep loam, and present a
charming diversity.' I like the idea of attributing
to this flower the quality of courage. It was the
only one in my garden, excepting the Snowdrop,
that during the bitter weather dared to unfold its
blossoms. It seemed as if, having a duty to per-
form, it was undeterred by the frosty influences
that kept other things from displaying their floral
charms. Now that the genial open weather has
come with gleams of sunshine, all the more wel-
come because they have been seen and felt so
little of late, clumps of the single blue and double
red Hepaticas, under a wall having a west aspect,
are just now most attractive, and I notice that in
regard to the former they seem to vary both in the
size and coloring of the flowers.

Some are much

38

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

darker and larger than others, but it may be this
is but an accidental result. The clumps are large
and were planted about two years ago in some
good loam. It is a very hot and dry position dur-
ing the summer, but during the trying time of the
prolonged hot weather of last year the plants
were top-dressed with soil, and a covering of
cocoa fibre added — soap-suds being freely given
also. I find the colors of the flowers grown in
the open air are much better than those grown in
pots in a cold frame.

" In the cold frame the differences of color be-
tween the double blue and the smgle purple,
through the varieties of the angulosa type down
to one of the latter named coerulea, is remarkable.
The double blue is a true blue, and the single
purple is of a distinct blue-purple shade. H.
angulosa laevigata has a tint of purplish azure-
blue— peculiarly its own ; then there is a descent
to tints that are so delicate as to be termed silver-
blue or gray-blue. Under the name of single red
I have two or three distinct types — perhaps they
are seminal varieties, some dark, some paler, some
with broad, others with narrow petals, but all
are very charming. The most delicate tints are
very pleasing, the richer and deeper hues very
bright and effective. To grow these plants in pots
successfully during the summer of 1885 and the
winter of 1886 was no easy task. For many days
during February and March they were frozen
hard, but by dint of keeping them fairly dry, and
assisted by a bed of cocoa fibre and leaves, not a
pot was broken by the frost and scarcely a plant
out of some sixty lost."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Wistarias. — A correspondent inquires for *' a
list of Wisterias." In the first place, they are
Wistaria, not Wisteria, having been so named by
Nuttall when he decided to separate the genus
from Glycine, after Dr. Caspar Wistar, of Phila-
delphia. There are no great number of species. The
Chinese have three forms, the common blue, the
pure white, and the double. These are all strong
growers. Of the American there are two forms,
the regular American Wistaria, W. frutescens, and
the W. magnifica, which is a more vigorous vari-
ety. These are all.

Ac^NA MICROPHYLLA, P. 23. — Mr. Falcouer
says: " Perhaps George Woolson, of Passaic, N.
J., has it in stock. If not, English firms, as Back-
house of York, Geo. Paul of Cheshunt, or Ware
of Tottenham, no doubt can supply it. It is usu-
ally propagated by division ; where it grows free-
ly this is an easy and quick method. It is a real
pretty, moss-carpet-like plant, a little dense trailer
whose chief horticultural value consists in its mul-
titude of crimson spines, that give a glowing hue
to the whole plant. Its flowers are small and in-
conspicuous. It is a native of New Zealand, a

good deal used in Alpine or rock gardens in Eu-
rope, but seldom cultivated in America. I have
grown it quite successfully in a cold frame, but
lost it when planted in the out-door rockery."

A Fine Cedar of Lebanon.— Chas. E. Par-
nell. Queen's, L. I., N. Y., writes : " I have noticed
in the Monthly at variousintervals, notes on spec-
imens of rare on emarkable trees, and especially on
the Cedar of Lebanon. I do not recollect the fact
ever being mentioned of its producing cones, so I
do not know whether it is a common occurrence
or not. This season I noticed a quantity on the
tree we have here. It is the first time it ever pro-
duced cones. For notes on the tree of ours, see
Henderson's ' Handbook of Plants,' p. 41."

[In the vicinity of Philadelphia, the Cedar of
Lebanon has produced cones for many years past,
but fine specimens are not numerous. It is re-
markable that this beautiful and historic tree
should be so scarce. — Ed. G. M.]

Pruning a Transplanted Elm. — J. N. J.
writes : " In the last week of last October, I trans-
planted to my place on the shore of Buzzard's
Bay, Mass., an elm tree 25 feet high and 5 inches
in the butt. It was carried on a man's back a
quarter of a mile from where it had been trans-
planted two years before, and I got three of its
main roots with all their fibres, the fourth root I
had to cut off, not being allowed to take down a
superincumbent wall. The tree is now situated
1 50 feet from the salt water, in a very successful
district for elms, but liable to strong S. W. breezes.
I did not top or set back the tree at all, and it now
has a beautiful head, with fine, vigorous looking
small boughs, all of which I want to preserve, and
my question i=, must I head the tree, or set it back ?
And if absolutely necessary, how much, and when ?
The tree was well guyed for the winter, with a ca-
pable man to look after the guys, which I suppose
had better be removed in April. I will be much
obhged if you will answer in next number of Gar-
deners' Monthly, which I constantly read ; and
if you can spare the time to give any additional
information, I will feel still more indebted."

[A tree so recently moved before the last trans-
planting, will not need any pruning or heading
back, unless it should show any disinclma-
tion to push out leaves in the spring ; in which
case it should be pruned back as soon as possible
after it is discovered that the buds are late in push-
ing their leaves. Just how much cutting back
will depend on how reluctant it may seem. The
greater the apparent reluctance, the more severe
the pruning. — Ed. G. M.]

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

39

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

HER MAJESTY ROSE.
BY PETER HENDERSON.

I notice that your correspondent, Mansfield
Milton, like hundreds of others, is in bad humor
with " Her Majesty," but no one here is to blame.
Mr. Evans purchased the stock from Mr. Bennett
in 1884, and if it was then in the same condition as
I saw it on Mr. Bennett's grounds in England in
1885, he certainly was not to blame for giving it
the extraordinary praise with which it washeralded,
for, with all my long experience in such matters, its
merits as seen there so impressed me that I did not
wait to come home, but ordered from London
direct one thousand plants from Robert Craig.
This was my judgment in the matter, mistaken as
it proved to be. In all Mr. Bennett's stock of some
10,000 plants, 1 did not see a speck of mildew on
" Her Majesty," and although the weather was hot
and dry the flowers shown were all that had been
claimed for them. But it is evident " Her Majesty"
will never reign in this democratic soil. She not
alone besmears herself with mildew in a way that
no other Rose ever did, but she seems absolutely
to refuse to show her regal claim to beauty unless
under the very best conditions. In the thousand
plants that I got from Mr. Craig, only some five
showed flower out of the whole lot. Almost any
other Rose from such plants would have given 100
per cent, in flowers. And she don't seem to " ac-
climatize " either. Fine plants grown here, though
fairly free from mildew, show the same shyness in
blooming, so that " Her Majesty's " reign, in
America at least, may be said to be completely
over. But we should not complain of being " bit "
now and then, when it can be shown, as in this
case, that it is not done to deceive, particularly
when we know that in the William Francis Ben-
nett Rose, sent out by the same raiser, we have a
set-off that well balances the disappointment in
" Her Majesty," for our experience with the Ben-
nett last winter, and up to the present time this
winter, shows it to be by all odds the most profit-
able of all Roses grown for cut flowers in winter.
Jersey City Heights, N. J., Jan. 5, 1887.

NOTES ON ORCHIDS, AT THE BOTANIC
GARDENS, WASHINGTON.

BY M. H. F. LESTER.

It appears to me that some one or other in the
neighborhood of the Botanic Gardens at Wash-
ington has about come to the conclusion that
Orchids have some value and beauty. Some few
years ago one could find nothing there of that de-
scription but a lot of trash, interesting only to bot-
anists. I was surprised and delighted a day or so
ago by a visit to the Orchid house there. Such
beautiful bunches of Laelia anceps ! At a little
distance they look like the little blue birds one is
in the habit of seeing in cages in bird stores, ready
to fly in one's face almost. Cattleya Percivaliianum
in great variety. Plenty of C. Triana and C. Roezli
looking fine, although not yet in bloom. Vanda
suavis with six flowers open on a spike. Cypri-
pedium Spicerianum had five blooms, each nearly
as large as the pot containing the plant. Dend-
robium biggibbum is a delightful Dendrobe, and
very easily grown. D. leucolophytum is a chaste
little flower, and lasts long in bloom. Cymbidium
iridifolium is not a very showy flower, but the
foliage is good, and the number of spikes it makes
and the perfume it diffuses through the house,
ought to secure it a place in every collection. And
the lovely little Sophoronites grandiflora, with its
dazzling flowers, no one can aff'ord to be without,
who has any pretensions to a collection of Orchids.
The Orchid house appears to be in good hands,
although there are no large specimens. The plants
are clean and healthy if they are small.

December, 1886.

REMARKS ON THE CHRYSANTHEMUM.

BY A. VEITCH.

The Chrysanthemum show lately held in New
York was a grand affair, and visitors could not
fail to be both instructed and delighted with the
number and variety of plants and flowers there
displayed. Taken as a whole the exhibition was
most creditable, and outside of all pecuniary con-
siderations the exhibitors might well be satisfied
with the unstinted praise bestowed upon them,
both by the critical few and the general public.

40

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

Those who remember what the Chrysanthemum
was forty years ago, and compare the few then in
existence with the great number of varieties
brought together on that and similar occasions,
must be convinced that in the hands of intelligent
cultivators it has been most accommodating to
their wishes. And considering the state of per-
fection now reached it would be premature to
predict very rapid improvement in the future. If
we take the Dahlia as an example as to what is
likely to prove true in this case, much improve-
ment may yet be expected, but the chances are it
will be slow in comparison to what it has been.
There may be no end to the number of varieties
produced, but the great bulk of them may fall
short of a high standard of excellence. Some
even now that are highly spoken of in catalogues
are unworthy a place in any good collection.
That this should be so is remarkable, seeing that in
the several sections there are varieties which might
be accepted as models in almost every particular.
In the Chinese division we have Lady St. Clair,
alias Empress of India, which although well out
of her teens is more highly gifted with beautiful
features than many of her juniors. In the same
class we have Mrs. Mary Morgan and Mrs. George
Rundell, both of which in form and delicacy of
texture approach nearer to perfection than the
most we have seen. In the Japanese section
Golden Dragon is hardly surpassed in elegance of
form, smoothness of petal, and beauty of color by
any variety new or old ; unless perhaps by Grand-
iflorum, which may have greater substance of petal
and a more brilliant shade of color.

Of course we do not mean to convey the idea
that all exertion should cease in endeavoring after
new and more beautiful forms, but we do say that
too many varieties have already found their way
into the market which serve no other purpose than
to swell the catalogues of salesmen. If means,
therefore, could be devised to at least measurably
prevent this in the future, much satisfaction would
be felt by a large number of the patrons of this
fine flower. But how to reach this object may
not be easy, as any efforts made in this direction
might be regarded as clashing with individual in-
terests. Nevertheless, it seems within the scope of
such a society as that of the American Florists to
formulate and publish a standard embodying the
chief elements of beauty in this flower, for the
benefit of the members and of all whom it may
concern. Such a criterion would be a guide for
judges at exhibitions and helpful to those who in-
terest themselves in raising varieties from seed.

The New York Horticultural Society have sets
of rules by which to judge plants and cut flowers
of the Chrysanthemum at exhibitions. In each
case five properties are given as embracing the
sum total of excellence, each of these representing
a given number of points, in the aggregate loo.
j But as these rules apply to plants and flowers
tabled for competition they are of comparatively
little value in testing the merits of individual
flowers under all circumstances. To more fully
meet the case the following rules for estimating
the points of excellence in flowers might be
worthy of consideration : First, form ; second, size
and substance; third, smoothness ; fourth, color;
fifth, harmony — each of these representing five
points, total 25 — a suf^cient number to test the
merits of every flower which can come under con-
sideration. Purity is an essential element of
beauty, but as it may be regarded as the outgrowth
of substance, smoothness and color, it is not over-
looked in this enumeration.

It is admitted these rules do not apply alike to
all the classes into which Chrysanthemums are
grouped. Size must be ruled out in judging
the Pompon varieties. Form, or rather the form
most admired in the Chinese section, is different
from that in the Japanese whose manifold meth-
ods of curvature and arrangement rejoice in a
freedom which sets rigid rules at defiance. Never-
theless several of these rules apply to them as
well as to others. As for the Anemone flowered
varieties, it may be as well to leave them out for
the present, as they seem to be in a rather active
state of transition from the single to the double
form. At least we have seen several with stray
disc florets ligulate, and not a few that were per-
fectly double. New Haven, Conn.

A GREENHOUSE BOILER.

BY E. HIPPARD.

For the benefit of brother florists and those
using hot water or steam, 1 submit the experience
and workings of a new boiler I had made for my
new place, covering 12,000 square feet of glass. The
boiler gives the best of results, and am quite confi-
dent that it will save a vast amount of fuel to all
using it. 1 have no patent upon it, and do not in-
tend to offer it to the trade, but any person wishing
one can have it made by any boiler-maker for his
own use.

My boiler is made of boiler iron, with a crown
sheet ^-inch thick, through which are punched
and threaded 288 2-inch holes, in which are

i887.)

AND HORTICULTURIST.

41

screwed 2-inch drop tubes made out of gas-pipe.
The boiler is in two sections. Front section has
i 80 drop tubes, varying from 12 inches to 36 inches
long. At back of these I have a water-back 6
inches thick and 36 inches high to crown sheet, in
which are placed 15 4-inch flues, 6 inches long,
then a space of 6 inches and another water-back,
same thickness, but only 24 inches deep, with no
flues. The fire and smoke pass through the 4-inch
flues in the first water-back and against the smaller
one, then descending below it, and passing in the
second section of 108 drop tubes 24 inches long.
In this section I have a door for admitting cold air,
which ignites the carbon of soft coal or wood, and
consumes the smoke, giving me a benefit ol nearly
half more heat from the fuel. To this door is at-
tached a diaphragm to open and shut it. When
more steam is needed it opens it and ignites the
carbon as before-mentioned.

The size of boiler is 4 feet wide and 10 feet long.
Its height from grate bars is 54 inches high ; the
grate surface is 54 inches by 36 inches. A fire can
be placed under the second section by putting in
grate bars, thus giving a grate surface of nearly 30
square feet, or 40 horse power. The boiler needs
no cleaning, and can be used with any kind of
fuel. 1 have filled it with cold rain water, and in
10 minutes I had 12 pounds of steam, with only 8
small shovels of coal. In ordinary weather it will
keep steam from 3)^ to 4 hours without any atten-
tion ; using soft coal with hard coal it would last
three times longer.

I commenced to fire October 12th, and until
December 15th had used only one car of slack.
Next year we will attach natural gas to it. I am
using it at my city place, and think a great deal of
it. When properly regulated by valves, it needs
very little attention, running for weeks and months.
If a break should occur, 1 have it so fixed that m
one minute it can be removed, or coal fire built
over burners. Some inventors say that drop tubes
will rust very rapidly, because they are always full
of water. Well, to those I wish to say that our
water-works have the drop and horizontal tubes.
However, the horizontal have been replaced, and
the drop tubes are as good as when placed in
many years ago; also our city fire engine drop
tubes, and has them full of water 16 years, and are
like new. The best protection to any kind of
boiler is to have it full of water when not in use.
Water and air cause rust, but a boiler full of water
cannot have any air between the iron and water,
consequently no rusting out. My boiler had been
in use about 15 years before I bought it, and has

always been full of water and has no rust, and is
like new inside. No coloring at all.

Youngstowtt, Ohio.

ACINETA HUMBOLDTII

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

Mr. Humboldt's Acineta, Acineta Humboldti, is
a very curious and interesting epiphytal Orchid-
aceous plant. It is a native of Laguayra, from
whence it was introduced in 1837.

It may be described as being a strong-growing
evergreen plant, having short pseudo bulbs, and
leaves about one foot in length, and producing its
flower spikes from the base of the pseudo bulbs.
As the flower spikes invariably take a downward
course, the plant should be grown in a wire basket
filled with sphagnum moss, in order to enable the
flower spikes to fully develop themselves without
interruption. The flowers are both singular and
showy, but unfortunately they only last in perfec-
tion for a short time ; they are of a deep chocolate
color spotted with crimson.

This Acineta is a plant that can be easily culti-
vated, and should be grown in a shallow wire
basket filled with sphagnum moss. In placing the
plants in the baskets keep them well elevated in
the centre, so as to avoid all injury to the young
shoots by damp or an excessive supply of moisture.
During the plant's season of growth they should be
^iven a warm moist atmosphere, with a liberal
supply of water at their roots. In the winter, or
when in a dormant state, a lower temperature with
a less supply of moisture is required. In order to
preserve the flowers of this pretty species as long
as possible, it is best to remove the plants when in
bloom to as cool and dry a situation as one has at
his command ; and in watering the plants be very
careful not to wet the flowers. Propagation is ef-
fected by a careful division of the plant, and this
should be done just before it starts into growth.

The generic name is derived from " Akineta,"
immovable, the lip of the flower being jointless, and
the specific name was given in honor of its illus-
trious discoverer. Queens, N. Y.

A CURE FOR MILDEW.

BY STEWART RITCHIE.

In answer to "J. S." (page 12, January number
Gardeners' Monthly) I would say, syringe your
roses lightly — just enough to wet the foliage ; then
apply a little flower of sulphur with the sulphur
bellows, and if it is not a very bad case this will

42

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

check it. Also mix a little sulphur and lime water
or tobacco water to the consistency of paint and ap-
ply it to the coldest end of your flue ; that is,
providing the coldest end does not get heated to
over 200°. If hotter than that it might injure your
plants. My experience is that the above opera-
tion ought to be done every week during the dull
winter months, on the principle that prevention is
better than cure. Cold draughts, low temperature
and muggy weather are all favorable to the devel-
opment of mildew. Therefore, guard against them
by keeping the temperature of your house as near
to 6oO at night as possible, with 10° or 15° higher
during the day, and you will find your roses will
be clean and healthy.

FAILURE OF "HER MAJESTY" ROSE.
BY S. F. TERWILLIGER.

Her Majesty, Queen Vic., may soon have a
"jubilee," but I think it will be a long, long time be-
fore the rose "Her Majesty" has a jubilee. A
great many florists are wondering how it is that
there are so many who have endorsed this rose,
and recommended it as a free bloomer, vigorous
grower, etc. Like Mr. Milton I wonder if it ever
grows and is free from mildew.

It is the only thing in the house that has mildew
with me, and is always so ; sulphur seems to have
no effect whatever in stopping it.

In the American Florist for January ist I see
that Mr. William Falconer speaks very highly of
it as found at John N, May's, at Summit, N. J.
Perhaps Mr. May could enlighten us how to grow
and to bloom it. Will he do so ? He might also
inform us why it is that the "Bennett" gives us so
many nasty, dirty, purple buds at the same time
and on the same bushes that give us bright, hand-
some ones. Saratoga Springs, N. V., Jan 6, J 887.

[ Mr. Falconer says in the American Florist
that near Summit, N. J., where Mr. De Forest has
superior rose houses, the Majesty has not done
well, but Mr. F. has an opinion that it needs
lighter soil than he uses. — Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Coal Gas in Greenhouses. — If there is a leak
in the flue coal gas will get through and damage
the plants, unless there is a good draught. To get
a good draught be sure there is a clear fire on the
ash pit. When there is a bright light on the ashes
below, there is usually a good draught. Those

who understand firing are careful to keep the
coal free from the bars by frequent stirring. Good
gardening is well shown by the manner the green-
house fires are looked after.

Floral Fashions. — Within the last few years
a great change has been wrought in the style of
making up flowers for personal adornment. A few
years back the idea of using Ivy leaves that had
become discolored by exposure would have been
considered absurd ; yet at the present time their
use has become general ; and the once indispensa-
ble Maidenhair Fern is falling more and more into
disuse, for, besides Ivy leaves, many other kinds of
foliage are used. The Ivy leaves that are used
are mostly imported from France ; they are rather
small in size, and of a beautiful bronzy hue, and
when nicely worked up they are very effective;
besides which they last well, where Maidenhair
Fern would quickly perish. In all kinds of floral
arrangements various sorts of colored foliage are
very extensively used, and when brought in com-
bination with flowers of distinct colors are cer-
tainly more appropriate than the indiscriminate
use of Maidenhair Fern. — Gardeners' Chrotticle.

Chrysanthemums.— Those who desire to excel
in growing these plants should look well after
them at this season, when the young plants are
well rooted. If they get stunted at first they are not
easily recovered. They require very rich soil, and
should be regularly repotted as often as the pots
get full of roots. Those who do not care for extra
nice plants simply set them out in the open ground
and carefully lift the plants into pots in the fall.
Whatever pinching is done to make plants bushy
should be done early. Late pinching makes
small flowers.

Please Send No Flowers. — This is come to
be a common notice under funeral advertisements,
or marriage festivals — and it is no wonder, when
we see the premium designs that often get honors
at exhibitions and elsewhere. Even the reporters
of the daily papers make fun of them. This is
what a New York paper says of an event that oc-
curred after a theatrical performance in which Miss
Clara Morris had a prominent part :

" As the curtain went down after the second act
of Miss Multon last night an usher rushed down
the middle aisle of the theatre bearing a most unique
floral device. It looked much like a big baby
swaddled in white laces, with its little red head
protruding. Some of the audience took it for a
snow man with a piece of red flannel around its
throat. As Miss Morris received the offering and
wrestled it behind the curtain she looked much
bewildered. It was, in fact, a floral representation

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

43

of ' Liberty enlightening the world." The florist
had used poetic license with Liberty, however, and
as a result she was lop-sided, one-arnned, legless,
and grinning."

A Wonderful Bouquet. — English papers en-
joy themselves hugely, and not without some
reason, at the wonderful things in cut flower work
that seem popular just now. They poke a great
deal of fun at the floral pulpits, floral bibles, floral
preachers and floral church bells, which without
any floral associations seem to be " the rage " now
and then. Yet they can themselves work up some
funny things sometimes.

"On the recent occasion of the anniversary of
the accession of the Sultan to the throne Count
Abraham Camondo showed his loyalty by offering I
His Majesty a magnificent bouquet of nearly four|
yards in height and two and a half in circumfer-
ence. The structure represented a lemon tree i
surmounted by a crescent, inscribed with the name
of the Sultan on one side in French and on the
other in Turkish. The Sultan was greatly touched
by this sign of devotion, and caused the eight men
who had carried the monster bouquet to the palace
to be adequately rewarded. The construction of
the bouquet, it should be added, occupied ten
persons tor a week, and was, no doubt, a triumph
of art, casting far into the shade even the marvels
which are daily put before the eyes of the London
public in the show wmdows of the West-end
florists."

Fuchsias. — These require to be kept growing
freely, in order to have the best results. They do
not hke great heat, and are grateful for a little
shade. Red spider is apt to be troublesome to
them.

Statice Holfordi. — This is recommended by a
correspondent of the American Florist, as a useful
plant in small quantities for cut flower purposes.

The Newer Roses. — Her Majesty, Wm. Francis
Bennett, American Beauty, The Bride and Papa
Gontier, famous as they are, have hitherto been
chiefly in the hands of good growers, with whom
almost anything does well. They have now be-
come cheap enough to get into everybody's hands,
and we shall probably determme this year to what
extent they will become permanently popular.

Rose, Papa Gontier.— This Rose, we believe,
has not had much notice in our pages ; but it seems
to be working its way into public favor. A corres-
pondent of the American Florist says of it :

" I went yesterday to Mr. John Henderson's
place at Flushing, L. I., to see the Papa Gontier
Rose ; had heard several good reports of it, but
found on examination that none of them did it
justice. As a cut flower for the American market
it combines all the good qualities ; it is free bloom-
ing, fragrant, and of clean vigorous growth ; the

color is briUiant and rich, and each bud has the
now necessary appendage of a long stem, clothed
with handsome foliage. When this rose was sent
out by Nabonnaud, four or five years ago, several
of our rose-growers tried a few of it, but from care-
lessness or a want of discernment none of them
discovered its merits."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Culture of Cypripediums and Poinsettas.
— A lady writes : "It was very interesting to read
that the blossoms of the Cypripedium insigne re-
mained fresh for a long time in water, but I would
be much more intejested in hearing how to get the
blossoms in the first place. I have had one for
five years ; it has made an apparently healthy
growth of about one leaf a year, but looks vigor-
ous. I have tried several plans. The last has
been to repot it in equal parts of loam, manure and
potsherds, and cover it with a melon gloss. I
think it does look as if it were growing a little
more. But what can I do to get blossoms ?

"And my Poinsettas are not what they have been.
The blossoms are larger but the bracts are fe wer.and
as it is more desirable to have bracts than flowers, I
would like to know what is the matter. I have
always been very successful with them before. I
may have made the soil too rich when I potted
them this fall. I have a small greenhouse or
conservatory where everything else is growing
well. Please help me about these two plants."

[ As soon after you read this as practicable (in
January would be better, or just after they have
done flowering) repot it in just such soil as you
describe, and as soon as the weather is fairly set-
tled for warm, say second week in May, set the
pot in a warm spot out of doors, and yet partially
shaded from the midday sun. Let it remain here
all summer, and about the end of September take
it into a cool greenhouse. It does not require
heat. Such a temperature as a Camellia loves
will suit it. It is a native of sub-shady places in
the mountains of Mexico. Poinsettas, on the
other hand, need very rich soil and plenty of
water and hot sun during summer time. Pot them
also now, in rich earth, and cut them back as low
as you want them, so as to get a vigorous growth
of young wood. Set the pots out in the full sun,
where they may have plenty of water given them
Pinch back the growing shoots so as to make
them more bushy, and, if desirable to get them
more bushy, pinch again a month afterwards. If
very large bracts are preferable to a number of
flowers, pinch back only once, for every pinching

44

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

means flowers of a smaller size. In the fall put
the plants in the warmest part of the house. No
part will be too hot for them in reason.

You will have plenty of Cypripedium flowers
under this treatment, and as large and fine Poin-
setta bracts as you can desire. — Ed. G. M.]

A Fine Lilium candidum. — Mr. C. J. Power,
of South Framingham, Mass., sends a photograph
of the common white lily, which has 22 expanded
flowers, and 13 unopened buds. It was from a
forced specimen flowering in April, 1886. This must
be the banner plant, at least we never knew of one
to beat it. 1

CultureofCallas. — Mr. L.J. C. says: "I have
great success with Callas, in keeping them in stone- 1
ware butter crocks filled with the following : Four
inches broken charcoal, then rich earth mixed with
fine charcoal dust to within four inches of the top, \

then water. In a large crock 12 or 14 inches high,
the stalk grows three inches in diameter. I give
you this bit of experience, for every woman who
keeps plants wants a blooming Calla."

Heating with Wood— J. S., Harrisburg, Pa.,
asks : " Is heating a rose-house with wood instead of
coal likely to have any injurious effects on the
plants ? If so, what is the cause ? An answer
through the columns of your magazine will much
oblige."

[Wood is not popular with gardeners because it
burns too fast, but if properly banked with ashes
when half burned, a thick block will keep a good
heat as long as coal will. There are no gases that
we know of escaping from burning wood, likely to
be very injurious to vegetation, not nearly as much
as from coal, in which there is always some sul-
phur.—Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

A friend asks, when is the time to prune fruit
trees ? just as he would ask when is the best time
to dine ? Numbers of trees need no pruning, and
yet no implement is more valuable to the fruit
grower than a good set of pruning implements.
Just when to prune, no magazine can teach; nor
can any one learn from an essay how to do the
work. We can make suggestions in a general way,
but the good use of them will depend on how much
the owner loves his tree, and has been favored with
a glimpse of the tree's secret history. A young tree
needs some of its branches thinned, so as to lay the
foundation of a permanent form, — or it may not
have enough branches for this purpose, and some
have to be cut back to produce more. We may de-
sire one strong branch where there are two or three
weak ones, so we cut them all away to the trunk,
and the strong one will then sprout. Suckers come
out from near the roots, or sprouts from the main i
stem. The good orchardist takes these off with
finger and thumb in the summer while green, but
if forgotten then he does it now. He learns after
a while that sprouts on the trunk mean something
wrong with the circulation. The food-giving sap
does not easily reach the ends of the branches.
Perhaps he finds the ends of the growing shoots

have been injured by frost or drought. In these
cases the ends are shortened in order to make an
active growth. In large trees this sluggish action
often comes from over-bearing. Then the heart
wood decays. Quite large branches then often
have to be sawn out. When these large branches
are sawn, the cut should be made close to the
trunk, so that new wood and bark shall grow over.
The exposed wood may rot and decay before the
new growth covers it, so all such wounds should
be covered by any kind of common paint. Some-
times trees get hide bound from poverty of the soil,
from the attack of scale or other insects, or from
exposure to unusually hot sun. In this case a
slitting of the bark by the pruning knife, up and
down the stem, is very beneficial. It is best to
avoid this necessity by a plenty of good food to the
roots. Raspberries and blackberries are usually
shortened because the cold winters or hot sum-
mers, or perhaps fungus, weaken them. Goose-
berries and currants are usually thinned out,
because large healthy leaves are essential to fine
fruit, and the leaves are small and feeble when the
branches struggle with each other. Grapes may
be thinned and shortened for nearly every reason
given in the other cases. And then pruning may
serve to bring very vigorous trees into fruit. On
the whole, pruning checks the vital powers of a

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

45

tree, and a severe pruning will bring it into fruit j
within two or three years, but a severe root prun- j
ing is much better practice.

In regaid to vegetable gardening in the Middle |
States the work for February will, for the most ;
part, consist of preparations for future operations,
and particularly for dealing with the manure ques- ;
tion. All those kinds that are grown for their leaves
or stems require an abundance of nitrogenous
manures ; and it is useless to attempt vegetable
gardening without it. To this class belong cabbage,
lettuce, spinach, etc. The other class, which is
grown principally for its seeds or pods (as beans,
peas, etc.), does not require much manure of this
character ; in fact they are injured by it. It causes
too great a growth of stem and leaf, and the earli-
ness — a great aim in vegetable growing — is
injuriously affected. Mineral manures, as wood,
ashes, bone-dust, etc., are much better for them.
For vegetables requiring rich stable manure, it is
better that they have it well rotted and decayed.
Nothing has yet been found so well fitted for the
purpose as old hot-bed dung ; though to the smell
no trace of " ammonia " remains in it.

In the open air, should the weather prove favor-
able, as it often is about the end of the month,
peas and potatoes may be planted. Frost seldom
gets deep enough in new dug ground to injure
them after this date.

In the more southern States, the gardener will
lose no time in getting in his potatoes, beets, car-
rots, parsnips, peas, spinach, radishes, lettuce,
onions, and salsafy. These should be the first
crops put in after the season breaks up for good.
The earlier they are in the better. Asparagus,
rhubarb, and horse-radish beds may now be made.
Asparagus roots are generally planted too thickly
to produce fine shoots, — they starve one another.
A bed five feet wide should have three rows, and
the plants set about eighteen inches apart. A deep
soil is very important, as the succulent stems re-
quire every chance they can get for obtaining
moisture. About four inches beneath the soil is
sufficient to plant them. Rhubarb also requires a
deep, rich and moist soil. Horse-radish beds are
best made by taking pieces of strong roots, about
one inch long, and making a hole about a foot or
fifteen inches deep, with a dibble, and dropping
the piece to the bottom of the hole ; a clean,
straight root will then rise up through the soil.
Crowns or eyes are better than pieces of roots, —
where they can be had — and a rich, clayey soil
better than a light, sandy soil.

About the middle or end of the month, or still

later in the North — say the middle of March —
celery and late cabbage may be sown. Here, we
usually sow the second week in March.

In the Northern States, Broccoli and Cauliflower
when sown in March as recommended, do not
head early enough in Fall. It should be sown
about the time of Early York cabbage, in the hot-
bed, during this month.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE BLACKMAN PLUM.

BY H. E. VANDEMAN, POMOLOGIST OF THE U. S.
DEPARTRPENT OF AGRICULTURE.

In answer to your Texas correspondent in the
November number, I would say something about
this worthless fruit, but am not able to give him
the special information desired as to its actual
fruitage. In fact, I have never seen it fruit and
join him in the belief that it never does except in
very rare cases. The reason of this is, that it is a
hybrid between the plum and peach. No doubt
this statement will bring out much criticism, but
I feel warranted in saying so. During an of-
ficial trip of observation in Texas this summer I
examined a great many trees of the Blackman and
in no case did the owner report fruitage. In gen-
eral appearance the tree resembles the peach
fully as much as the plum. The leaves have
glands and this never occurs on any species of
plum.

I venture to guess that the seedling of Wild
Goose that Mr. Stell speaks of is a chance hybrid
also. On the grounds of T. V. Munson, at Deni-
son, Texas, I saw at least five different seedlings
from a wild tree of Prunus Americana which
stood near a peach orchard that had somewhat
different characteristics, but all plainly showed the
effects of hybridization with the peach. Mr. Mun-
son had saved them from a lot of plum seedlings
(grown for propagating purposes) especially to
examine them with regard to this interesting sub-
ject. They have so far failed to bear although
they have bloomed one or two years. Mr. Mun-
son first called my attention to the Blackman be-
ing a hybrid. Judging from what I have seen and
heard of this fruit it seems to be a failure except as
a botanical curiosity and should be dropped from
the nursery catalogues and the stock on hand
burned. Washington, D. C.

[ Botanists would be glad to know for a certain-
ty that two such distinct genera as the Amygda-
lus (peach) and Prunus (the plum) would hybrid-

46

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

ize. The facts reported certainly favor the
belief — but on the other hand we must remember
that a genus that gave us the almond, the peach
and the nectarine,— all without hybridization, but
by the sheer force of natural variation alone, may
be capable of quite as much sporting as reported
by our correspondents. The same is true of the
genus to which the plum belongs. Sterility proves
nothing. Hybrids are often abundantly fertile,
while many a variation well known to have no
relation with hybridity, is as sterile as can possi-
bly be.

Exact experiments fn these things would be of
great value in scientific pomology, and it will no
doubt be one of the labors of the new Department
of Pomology to investigate these matters. One
with the time to isolate a few flowers, emasculate
them, and apply the pollen of the opposite genus,
could settle the question in a couple of years. — Ed.

G. M.]

«-■-»

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Jessie Strawberry. — This was raised by
Mr. F. W. Loudon, of Janesville, and is repre-
sented as of great size, productiveness and general
quality. Berries have been gathered 6)4 inches
round. It is a seedling of the Sharpless.

The Globe Peach.— This does appear not to
be an original Pennsylvania seedling, but one the
name of which was lost by the owner, and then
re- named Globe.

Peach, Madame Pynaert. — Though American
seedlings seem to give us all the improvements we
desire in the peach, we get some excellent ones
from Europe sometimes, and it is well to keep the
track of new ones introduced in that quarter. One
under the above name is very highly spoken of by
Belgian pomologists. It is a very dark red peach,
very large {12 inches round), superior quality and
a regular annual bearer. It was raised in 1881.

Quality of the Le Conte Pear. — It is said
that this, like the Keiffer, is a pear of very poor
quality with the ordinary treatment, but with
skillful handling some of very superior quality can
be produced.

Pear, Comte de Flandre.— The Bulletin
D' arboriculture, of Ghent, giving a colored
plate of this fruit, says that in that country it is one
of their highest flavored pears. It is of the size
and somewhat the form and appearance of the
Vicar of Winkfield. It was raised by Von Mons
in 1843.

Bees Eating Grapes,— At the recent meeting of
the Michigan Bee-keepers' Association the state-
ment persistently presented by bee-keepers that
bees will not eat grapes, is now to be modified to
this, that they will not eat "sound" grapes. The
whole discussion showed that the bee-keepers
were in a quandary how to act so as to protect
themselves against law-suits from their injured
fruit growing neighbors, and a wholly new posi-
tion recommended. The point they will now
make is, that the neighbors would not have any
fruit at all were it not for the visits of bees to fer-
tihze the flowers, and this is to be used as a set-oflf to
the destruction to the "unsound" fruit in the falL

Sowing Vegetable Seeds.— Do not forget the
lessons recently given that vegetable seeds must
not be put deeply in the ground. This is a frequent
cause of seed-rotting. If the ground is dry when
the seed sowing is in order, it is often sufficient to
scatter on the surface and then roll. In small
garden culture of vegetables, it is often enough to
make a mere scratch along the line, and then
tread in with the feet.

The Stanton Bean. — This is claimed to be one
of the earliest and most prolific of all kidney beans.

ScoviLLE Tomato. — This is a second early,
and claimed to be one of the best varieties for
canning purposes. Some specimens reach 12 oz.

in weight.

«-•-»

NEW OR RARE FRUITS.

The Lovett Plum.— We received the follow-
ing from E. B. Good, Manchester, York County,
Pa , on August 5th : " I send to-day by mail a few
specimens of a plum originating in York County,
Pa., some twenty odd years, from a seed of
Greengage. The tree is enormously prolific and
a vigorous grower. The specimens are of medium
size, specimens having been raised to weigh four
ounces. Give your opinion of the plum through
the Gardeners' Monthly. There is something
in this plum. Further particulars if wanted."

Some wise pomologist has written that he who
names another fruit without being able to show
that it is better than the thousands already exist-
ing, is an enemy of mankind. As we have always
had a great fear of the enemy of mankind, we have
not been over-anxious to have the Gardeners'
Monthly often in the ranks of new Iruit mongers.
In the present instance we venture there, believing
this plum is a valuable addition to the list. In
comparing it with the first-class varieties to which

.887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

47

it is related, one would look for Duane's Purple,
Nectarine, the Purple Favorite or the Goliath, from
all of which it differs, either in size, form, quality,
or season of maturity.

It is very large: 2)4 o^- ^"^ measuring 5>^
inches in circumference. The form is roundish
oval, with a very light suture, with the slender.

differences of opinion as to whether it was or not
wise to plant on old sites.

Imperfect Fertilization. — Mr. Green ob-
serves: "Your say our correspondent wants the
exact meaning of imperfect fertilization. The hon-
est answer is, 'we don't know.* The truth
is that with the experienced and learned 'what
we do not know ' will outbalan ce what we do
know, regarding plant growth and plant instinct.
Mr. T. V. Munson holds that the pollen of the
grape is attracted to adjacent blossoms by some
unknown attraction. It must be likewise with
other blossoms, for while the Crescent strawberry
yields no fruit grow-n by itself under glass, it bears
a partial crop, planted in fields a long distance
from any other variety. Whether it is desirable
for fruit growers to keep bees for fertili zing flowers
has not been discussed to my knowledge, but it
would appear to be desirable. During rainy sea-
sons it is not possible for an ordinary supply of
bees to visit each blossom. True, it is not required
in all cases, but probably in more cases than is
generally supposed."

The Vital Effects of Pruning. — Mr. Chas.

usually-curved stem, about one inch long, set in a j ^ ^^^^^ ^^j^^^ : " I am pleased to see so high an
very shallow basin; color, dark red. with very authority as the Gardeners' Monthly announc-

ng that it is well established that pruning enfeebles

numerous, almost invisible, yellow dots. — the
whole covered with a deep, purple bloom. Flesh
yellowish, rather firm, adhering but slightly to the
stone, sweet, but not cloying. Season at York, Pa.,
1st of August.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Planting on the Site of Old Orchards. —
" F. M.," Ostego, New York : " We have an old
orchard of about 20 acres that is nearly done, and
would like to set out five on the site, but are told
by the late owner from whom we have recently
purchased, that the soil is run out. and new trees
will not do. Is this the general experience ? " Not
the general experience, but very often trees do not
do well on the site of former trees, — not, however,
because the soil has run out. but from the presence
of fungus from the old decaying roots. When
these roots have become thoroughly decayed, you
may plant very safely on the site of an old orchard.
Of course there can be no rule as to time. In some
cases the old roots will be sufficiently decayed in
a couple of years, but generally it will take more.
It is only of late years that it has been conceded
that the fungus from old roots will spread to those
on living trees. Want of this knowledge led to

rather than invigorates. An editorial by the writer
to that effect years ago was severely commented
upon by the agricultural press, it being generally
understood that pruning a tree increased its vigor,
whereas every branch and leaf removed is a loss
incurred only to improve the form and appearance,
or to reduce the surplus fruit."

The Largest Pears in the World. — " A
Lover of Fruits." Worcester, Mass., writes : " Being
interested in pears, this item in December number
of Gardeners' Monthly caught my eye, • The
Largest Pears in the World.' No doubt about
that, thought I. But in two or three days the en-
closed clipping appeared in the Worcester Daily
Spy, December 14. I have seen the pear, and have
no doubt of the correctness of the figures given.
Let Guernsey take a back seat, for Oregon has the
floor ! "

The following is the paragraph referred to :
" A pear raised by Henry Adams, Myrtle Creek,
Douglas county, Oregon, is sent to this city to E.
D. McFarland as a sample of the fruit of that
section. It appears to be of the Duchess variety,
and weighed 2 pounds 1 1 ounces when first gathered.
The circumference is 14 inches, length 8 inches,
and width 5 inches. It is now placed in Putnam
& Thurston's show window."

48

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

The Melon Pear, or Pear Melon. — A Phila-
delphia correspondent says : " Looking over the
Gardeners' Monthly — which came this morn-
ing— I was somewhat surprised at your remarks on
the ' Melon Pear,' alias ' Pepino,' and ' Solan-
um Guatemalense,' and which you call Solanum
Melongena, or Common Egg plant. I think you
are wrong — at least, I hope so, the ' wish being
father to the thought ' — for the following reason :
In the October or November number of your
magazine, I saw the advertisement of Gustav
Eisen, of Fresno, Cal., describing this plant. I
wrote immediately for a catalogue, which, of
course, he sent me. Fond of novelties in the bo-
tanical kingdom, and interested in the plant from
his description, I wrote to him for a lot of them.
He sent me by mail 21, which arrived here on the
2nd of December, in excellent order. These I
placed in the hands of Mr. Henry Fox, North
Broad Street, florist, who potted them, and where
they are now subject to your inspection. My pur-
pose is to plant them on my place at Point
Pleasant, N. J., when spring opens. I append Dr.
Eisen's description, cut from his catalogue."

"Pepino or Melon /!?^r— (Solanum Guatemal-
ense.)—This is one of the finest fruit of recent
introduction. In places with no frost it becomes
a small shrub bearing abundantly all the year
around. In other places it assumes the character-
istics of a soft wooded plant, like the red pepper.
It ripens its fruit in 3 to 4 months after planting.
The fruit is about the size of a hen or duck egg,
and is yellow with small violet stripes. It has no
seed nor lough skin, and resembles in some re-
spects an egg plant. In taste it resembles a melon,
but has an abundance of a fine acid which in hot
weather is very agreeable. It is eaten fresh. It
stands shipment to the East. It will grow in a cool
climate, but if exposed to too much heat the fruit
will be inferior. For further particulars see cir-
cular. This fruit has during the last year matured
in many places in California, and several large
plantations have been started, with a view to sup-
ply the market. Plants by mail 35 cents each, in
quantities price on application."

" In the same number of the Gardeners'
Monthly appeared the advertisement of Martin
Benson, of Swanwick, 111. To him also I wrote,
asking for a catalogue, which he sent accordingly.
Among many novelties in this catalogue, he de-
scribes the ' Melon Pear,' and from him I bought
a dozen large plants, which he retains till I write
for them next spring. I attach his description cut
from his catalogue :

"The Melon Shrub, as it grows in the Central
American highlands, is, as the name defines it, a
shrub. It reaches at its best two or three feet
either way, but is generally smaller, and recalls in

many respects the Chili pepper vine, the tomato
or the nightshade. The flowers resemble those of
the Chili pepper, are very numerous and of a beau-
tiful violet color, most charming when used in
floral decorations. When planted, the plants should
be set in rows four feet apart and two feet apart in
the rows. About six weeks after being set out, the
fruit will begin to set, and in three months after
planting the fruit will ripen and continue to ripen
until frost. The fruit is of the size of a hen or
goose egg, or even larger, and of the same shape.
The color is lemon or pale orange, with streaks or
waves of bright violet, the whole making a fruit
unrivaled in beauty. The interior of the fruit is
solid pulp, free of seeds, of a pale yellow color,
and of flavor resembling that of a fine musk melon,
having also a rich sub-acid taste. It is so whole-
some and delicious that when the fruit is eaten on
a hot day it allays the thirst for several hours.
The plant is an enormous yielder — I have seen
plants of small size bear thirty large fruits. The
Melon Shrub can stand light frost, but a heavy
frost will cut it to the ground ; the dead branches
should then be cut off, and the plants covered with
straw and earth.

" The Melon Pear is not a tropical fruit ; it de-
lights in a cool atmosphere, and will without
doubt do as well here in the north as tomatoes, and
will prove a most valuable and profitable fruit. It
may not be able to stand our winters, but that is
not essential — tomatoes are always killed, but are
not less grown on that account. The Melon Pear
can be wintered as easy as potatoes, by taking the
roots up and keeping them in a cellar. Should be
planted here by the middle of April, and cultivated
like tomatoes. They will begin to ripen by the
middle of July or first of Augubt. Make a grand
pot plant. Price of genuine plants, $1.25 each,
J5io per dozen."

" Now, you may be right in your conjecture that
the Melon Pear is identical with the Melongena or
Egg Plant, but I cannot conceive that two men —
nurserymen— like Eisen and Benson, Hving so far
apart, and having, apparently, no interests in com-
mon, should both endorse and recommend the
same worthless plant, and a humbug at the same
time."

[It was a correspondent, not the Editor, wha
identified this as a species of Solanum, and not
either a Pear or a Melon as its name would imply.
The additional information, now furnished, shows
that this surmise is correct, so far as its being a
Solanum is concerned. We cannot understand the
sense of caUing a Solanum either a Melon or a
Pear. It may not be a form of S. Melongena, —
but it may for all, for there are few species of Sol-
anum that vary like this does. When " we were
boys," a very pretty form, white and striped, with
fruit about the size of a hen's egg, was very com-
mon in greenhouses. The common name, " Egg
plant," is derived from this old ornamental variety.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

49

After all, when we remember that " Melongena "
is a name probably meaning " bearing apples," or
possibly "melons," the common people have per-
haps as much right as the botanists to call it
Melon Plant or Pear Plant, deceptive as the names
strike one at first.— Ed. G. M.J

Cutting Back Peach Trees.— A "Maryland
•correspondent" says : "Some weeks since a very i
intelligent gardener insisted with me that cutting I
back budded peach trees was one source of weak- j
ened power that led to disease. The budded 1
peach is, as you know, operated on near the
ground. The next winter or spring the plant, I
perhaps four or five feet high, is cut down to the
bud. Numerous sprouts come, and one only left
to form the tree. This check, he says, affects the
constitution of the tree. The seedling tree is not
cut back, and for this reason it is always a health-
ier tree. Is there anything in this doctrine ?"

[We think there is a little theoretically,— but
practically it is we think so little of an injury as

not to interfere seriously with the health. But it is
worthy of further thought.— Ed. G. M.]

BiDWELL Peach. — A correspondent says that
although this peach promises well it is hardly
proper to say that it is regarded as one of the
most profitable in Florida, as it has only fruited
for three years, and on the grounds of the origina-
tor. He thinks it "may" become as popular as
described, but it has not yet had that opportunity to
prove itself.

Mushroom Culture. — " Cincinnatus :" We do
not know of any one who is now growing mush-
rooms as a specialty. We think we can answer
your question, that there is "money in it." But the
hap-hazard method which we apply to most of our
gardening operations, will not do in mushroom
growing. If any one choose to master the culture
of the mushroom, they usually are surprised at its
simplicity. Yet simple as it is, the knowledge
must be acquired thoroughly. Are there many of
our readers now growing them ?

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Forests and Rainfall.— Prof. Cleveland Abbe
in a recent lecture before the Franklin Institute of
Philadelphia, attacked the "popular error" that
forests had any influence on rainfall. He showed
that in eastern Pennsylvania during the past one
hundred years there had been a slight increase in
rainfall, though the forests had almost wholly
disappeared. He explained that the increases or
decreases in earth elevations influenced the annual
rainfall, and not forests. It is too bad, however, to
charge this error to the "popular" side. It is an
error propagated by so-called men of science, and
has been a pet theme with many a science associ-
ation,— and it has been the work chiefly of this
magazine to show that there was no foundation
for the notion that was worthy of the name of
of science.

We have protested against the error with con-
siderable earnestness, because of its injurious in-
fluence on practical forestry. It has led to the

waste of hundreds of thousands of dollars in
fruitless "commissions" and legislative blunder-
ing, and prevented the forestry question from
standing on its profit and loss foundation, as a
commercial undertaking should be — which by this
time might have led to profitable results.

Catalpa Trees. — Prof. Beal says of his exper-
ience at Ann Arbor : "Four years ago I should
have advised planting Catalpa speciosa where
durable timber was desired, but further time
shows that the trees are likely to be short lived."
Our Western friends must not be in too much of a
hurry either to praise or to condemn. They were
cautioned from the first that their extravagant
laudations of this tree were calculated to injure,
and now we should fear that this experience of
Prof. Beal at Ann Arbor too hasty on the other
side, for a generalization. In the East we have
Catalpa bignonoides a hundred years old and good
for another hundred, and there is no reason why
Catalpa speciosa is not as long lived except in ex-
ceptional localities like Ann Arbor.

5°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

Scotch Pine Timber. — This has been found in
Europe to require replacing as railroad ties every
three or four years.

Limestone Soil for the Chestnut.— We were
amazed to find the Editor of this magazine quoted
by the Weekly Press as stating that the " Chestnut
needs limestone soil," as exactly the contrary is
the Editor's experience. The Chestnut rather
avoids than needs limestone soil. On referring
to the September number, we find that the Editor
of the Press is not to blame for the imputation.
The case is simply a grammatical one. The whole
subject refers to the Larch,— but by an unfortunate
use of the pronoun " it," one may be justified in
inferring the Chestnut is alluded to. But the fact
is, as properly stated by the Editor of the Press,
the Chestnut rather avoids than needs limestone
soils.

The Paulownia.— This rapid-growing Japan
tree is rather coarse in growth and foliage, but
when it can get a chance to stand out by itself, and
develop freely on all sides, it is not a bad sort of a
fellow. Its great redeeming point is its lovely
blue flowers, which throw a fragrance around for
a long distance away. It is, we think, a valuable
timber tree, though we know of no American ex-
periments with the wood.

BiRCHWOOD Timber. — Referring to the Can-
adian forestry exhibit in London, an English paper
says:

•• Birchwood, particularly that of Betula alba, or
the White Birch, is much used in this country for
slate frames, bobbins, and spools, light furniture,
and occasionally for toys. The wood is light,
easily worked, and takes a very fine polish. It
lasts well under water, for which reason sluices
and floodgates are made from it, as well as ship
bottoms, and piles from the older and harder trees.
Betula lenta, the Black or Cherry Birch, of which
some notes appeared recently in your columns re-
garding timber produced in this country, is a
valuable tree, the wood being hard, of a beautiful
reddish tinge, almost like Mahogany, and exten-
sively sought after for cabinet-making and indoor
purposes generally. It is perfectly well adapted
for culture in Britain, and being a handsome aver-
age-sized tree, and valuable as a timber producer,
should, we think, be freely intermixed amongst
our commonly planted hard woods."

A New Hemlock Spruce. — Under the name of
Tsuga Caroliniana, Prof. Sargent sends a drawing
to the London Gardeners' Chronicle, with the fol-
lowing description :

" It is certainly a remarkable fact that such a
very distinct tree as the Carolina Hemlock should
have escaped the notice of the early botanical trav-

ellers in the Southern Allegheny Mountains. Neith-
er W. Bartram, who crossed the mountains where
it is found as early as 1777, nor the Michaux, fath-
erand son, who ten years later made more than one
visit to the same region, nor Eraser who was with
them, nor M. A. Curtis, who explored more fully
than any of his predecessors or successors the bot-
any of the AUeghenies, appear to have been aware
that the flora of Eastern America contained two
species of Hemlock. It was not until 1850 that
Prof. L. R. Gibbes, of Charleston, recognized an
undescribed species in the Carolina Hemlock, for
which he suggested several years later the provis-
ional name (never published) of Pinus laxa, and it
was only in 1881 that the species was proper-
ly characterized by Engelmann.

" From Tsuga Canadensis the Carolina Hemlock
may be distinguished by its larger, wider, and
darker colored leaves, six to ten lines long and
nearly one line broad, retuse or often notched at
the ends, without stomata above, and with two sto-
mate bands below, and with strengthening cells
(not found in the leaves of T. Canadensis) under
the epidermis on the keel, midrib, and edges ; by
its larger cones, ten to sixteen lines long, the
scales oblong, longer than wide, spreading when
ripe at nearly right angles, the broad bracts slight-
ly cuspidate, the seeds less than half the length
of the narrow wing.

"The Carolina Hemlock is a small tree of com-
pact pyramidal habit, with flattened spray, the
branches densely clothed with dark green shining
foliage, sometimes 50 or 60 feet in height, although
the trunk rarely exceeds 2 feet in diameter. It is
pretty widely distributed along the Blue Ridge
west of the valley of the French Broad River in
North Carolina, although nowhere common, and
only a few individuals are found together in the
same locality ; it is strictly confined to the slopes
and summits of dry rocky ridges, at an elevation
of 20GO to 2500 feet above the sea level, where it is
often found growing side by side with the more
common T. Canadensis.

"The Carolina Hemlock is one of the most or-
namental Conifers of Eastern America, recalling
in its compact pyramidal habit and dense foliage,
alpine specimens of the Western Tsuga Pattoniana.
Although hardly known in cultivation yet, a few
plants have been raised in the Arboretum. The
climate of the region where it is found, however,
indicates that Tsuga Caroliniana will prove hardy
in the Northern States and in Europe. The illus-
tration on p. 781 is from a drawing made by my
associate, Mr. C. F. Faxon, and is taken from a
specimen which I collected in September upon
Caesar's Head, an outlaying spur of the Blue
Ridge in South Carolina."

[We may add to this, that from a plant growing
in Philadelphia it appears to be as hardy as the
common hemlock spruce. The leaves appear to
be more scattered on the branchlets, and are lin-
ear instead of tapering as in the well-known form.
It is readily distinguishable by the foliage, a merit
in the cultivator's eye, rare in coniferous trees. —
Ed. G M.]

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Natural Eistort and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FLOWERS ON THE SWEET POTATO IN
FLORIDA.

BY W. C. STEELE.

About a dozen years ago, while I was engaged
in fruit growing and market gardening in Northern
Indiana, a new variety of sweet potatoes was an-
nounced in the papers and heralded as a wonder-
ful acquisition. It was called the Southern Queen,
and wishing to test, it we procured a few plants.
The second season, frost held off quite late in the
fall, and one. hill which had grown with unusual
vigor and luxuriance, put out several blossoms at
the ends of the vines.

Coming to this place in November, 1883, 1 found,
within a week, sweet potato blossoms, and every
fall I see more or less of them. These flowers are
only found on vines of one variety, called here the
the White West Indias. The flowers, leaves and
potatoes are so much like the variety grown at the
North as Southern Queen, that I feel quite confi-
dent that they are identical. Switzerland, Florida.

THE PEAR MIDGE OR PEAR DIPLOSIS.

(Diplosis nigra [ ? ] , Meigen. ) Order Diptera ;

Family Cecidomyidas.

BY PROF. C. V. RILEY.

We have for some time been interested in an in-
sect which has appeared in a limited region near
Meriden, Conn., confined almost entirely to the
large fruit farm of Messrs. Coe Bros. In the spring
of 188 1 these gentlemen had some slight corres-
pondence with the Department, of which no men-
tion has been made in the reports, and there the
matter was dropped until June, 1884, when they
wrote to us in reference to the matter.

As will be seen by what follows, there is every
reason to believe that this is an introduced species ;
that it has been introduced within quite recent
years, and that it is so far confined to a very
limited region. It is for these reasons that we call
particular attention to it now, as we did at the
meeting of the Mississippi Valley Horticultural
Society held in New Orleans last January, where
we urged, as we would now urge, that some deci-
sive steps be taken to stamp it out. If, as we now

I believe, this new pest is confined to the orchards
of the Messrs. Coe and such as immediately adjoin

; them, it seems to us that some such society as the
American Pomological Society would be justified
in empowering a committee to especially look into
the matter and effectually destroy the pear crop
within the limits of the insect's present distribution
in this country for two or three consecutive years,
compensating, if need be, the owners for the loss
of their crops.

In view of the immense losses sustained within
the last twenty-five years by the spread of intro-
duced injurious insects, which might in the begin-
ning have been stamped out or kept out by proper
concert of action, we cannot urge too strongly such
action in this case.

In order to learn all possible facts in reference
to the insect, we had Mr. Smith visit the locality,
instructing him to collect a large amount of ma-
terial, to ascertain whether the larva leaves the
the fruit for pupation before the fruit falls or after-
wards, and more particularly to collect all facts
bearing upon its possible importation and upon its
distribution. Mr. Smith's report was published in
our last annual report (pp. 396—398) and need not
be repeated here.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS.

From a careful rearing and study of this insect
in the office, and from correspondence with the
Messrs. Coe, as well as from Mr. Smith's report,
we may summarize the insect's history in America
as follows :

The eggs are laid in the spring, in the flower end
of the fruit, as soon as or even before it " sets."
The fruit grows and soon assumes a somewhat dis-
torted appearance, or, as Mr. Smith says, "an
irregular, somewhat knobby " look, or occasion-
ally seeming abnormally round. If one of these
young pears be cut open, its interior will be found
to be channeled and grooved, the seeds separated
and eaten into, and the entire core disorganized.
Surrounded by excremental pellets and partly im-
bedded in the flesh of the fruit will be found from
ten to thirty little yellowish-white maggots, which,
as they grow, absorb more and more of the pulp,
usually, however, attaining their full growth before
the interior of the pear has been entirely consumed.
When full grown they leave the fruit either

52

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

through the calyx end or through some crack or
soft spot and drop to the ground, working their
way underneath the surface.

The larvae (Fig. i) progress, as do other species
of Diplosis, by a series of skips or jumps, by which

they fling themselves an inch or more in a hori-
zontal direction. The anal end of the body is
curved under until it reaches the posterior margin
of the first thoracic joint, the anterior end of the
body being also somewhat curved downward, and
is then suddenly snapped straight with such force
as to lift and throw the whole body.

From observations made by the Messrs. Coe, it
seems that after the larvae are full grown, or nearly
so, they leave the fruit, preferably during a rain-
storm, or are forced from it by the rain penetrating
the cracks in the fruit. The following extract from
a letter dated June 12, 1885, bears upon this point :

"Our men had gone over the orchard once,
picking all that they could find, and were going
over it a second time when a violent rain-storm
obliged them to quit lor an hour or two. Return-
ing after the rain they observed that a basket that
had been left out in the storm with 2 or 3 quarts of
the wormy pears was alive with the larvae, hopping
about like so many fleas. They had all left the
fruit and were trying to escape from the basket.
Upon examination we found that the infested fruit
on the trees had no larvae. So the work was not
so thoroughly done as we had intended."

Mr. Smith's observations prove that the larvae
reach the ground by dropping from the tree,
after which they immediately seek to hide them-
selves beneath the surface. They burrow to a
greater or less depth, depending upon the porosity
of the soil, but rarely exceed an inch. They re-
main for a considerable time (just how long is not
yet determined) in the naked larva state before
commencing their cocoons, and then in the co-
coons for another length of time before transform-
ing to pupae (Fig. 2, c.)

The cocoon is whitish, thin, but tough, oval in
form, and covered with adhering grains of earth.

There is but one annual generation. The larvae
which go into the ground about the ist of June
remain there, either as larvas or pupae, until the
following spring. This is proven definitely by our
observations at the Department. From a lot of
pears received from Mr. Smith June 10, 1884, the
larvas went into the ground almost immediately
and the flies issued as follows, the earlier ones
being influenced to premature development by the
warmer temperature of the vivaria :

Specimens issued

Specimens issued

January 9, 1885 3

" 15,1885 1

" 28,1885 ]

" 30,1885 1

February 2, 1885 1

" 7,1885 1

April 9, 1885

10, 1885 13

11, 1885 12

12, 1885 22

13,1885 8

The Messrs. Coe were led to' suppose that the
insect might be double-brooded, by finding pears
as late as August infested with similar larvae ; but
from pears sent August 31 for examination nothing
but numerous specimens of a species of Droso-
phila were bred, and these had doubtless been
attracted by the diseased or rotting condition of the
fruit.

In giving out the adult fly the pupa breaks
through the cocoon and works its way through the

earth to the surface, struggling until nearly its
whole body is in the air and the anal end only is
held in the earth. The skin of the thorax then
splits longitudinally and the adult fly (Fig. 2, a)
makes its escape.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

53

Three specimens of an undetermined species of
the genus Platygaster were found in the breeding
jar containing the infested pears, on April 9 and
1 1, and had evidently been parasitic upon the larvae
of the Pear Midge, although no parasited cocoons
of the latter vvfere found. No other insect was con-
tained in the jar, and there is little doubt of the
parasitism. As will be shown later, there is a strong
probability of the importation of this midge from
Europe, and this parasite may very readily have
been brought over with it. There are more than one
hundred described species of the genus Platygaster
in Europe, the descriptions of many of which are
inaccessible. Walker's species, of which there are
sixty-nine, are very insufficiently described. Hence
there will be great difficulty in determining this
species, and we hesitate to describe it as new.

No better, simpler, or more satisfactory remedy
can be devised, in the light of what we now know
of the habits of this insect, than that used the last
season by the Messrs. Coe, which is, to strip the fruit
from the trees in an " off year " and destroy it either
by burning after covering it with kerosene, or by
feeding to hogs before the insects have a chance
to escape. This should preferably be done about
the middle of May, or before the larva have at-
tained full growth. So far as known at present the
insect infests no other fruit than the pear, and it
ought not to be impossible for the fruit-growers
around Meriden to practically exterminate this pest
in a single season. In 1884, this remedy was tried
on the Coe place, but the insect reappeared in the
spring of 1885, in greater numbers than expected,
which showed that the picking was not done as
thoroughly as supposed, or was done too late, or
else that the insect had gained a good foothold in
neighboring orchards in which the picking was
not tried. In a letter dated June 12, 1885, the
Messrs. Coe give the result as follows :

" Our method seemed to answer for all practical
purposes, as they had not come this spring in suf-
ficient numbers to do damage by diminishing the
crops. This is the bearing year for our orchards,
and the trees all blossomed abundantly. The in-
sect confined itself to its favorite pear in the main.
None were found in Anjou or Seckel and few in
other varieties besides the Lawrence. The 125
trees of Lawrence had perhaps one-sixth of the
fruit infested."

That this insect has been recently imported from
Europe seems quite probable, for the following
reasons :

(i) Until this insect was found upon the Coe
farm, no insect of similar habits was known in this
country.

(2) An insect of almost precisely similar habits
and of identical appearance (except for certain
discrepancies which can be explained away) has
been described by European authors, and, as early
as 1831, did considerable damage to the pear crop
in parts of Europe.

(3) In 1884 Mr. Coe said that some seven years
since he imported a large lot of pear stocks from
France, upon which were grafted American pears ;

I prior to that time he had never seen the insects.
; A year or two afterward they were first noticed, but
I in small numbers, and since then have been on the
j increase. Mr. Coe is the only one in his section
of the State who has imported pear stocks, and his
farm was the first, and for some time the only one,
■ infested.

[This is an abstract of a paper by Prof. Riley
I which appears in the recent Entomological De-
[ partment of the report of the United States Com-
I mission of Agriculture. Those who desire to
pursue the subject critically will find much fuller
details at pages 287 and 288 of the Report. It
promises to be an insect that will eventually assert
' an importance equal to the Curculio among plums,
or the Codling Moth among apples. Some of the
reference marks on the cuts refer to an account
more in detail, which appeared in the official
Government publication. — Ed. G. M.]

REMEDY FOR THE POISON RHUS.

BY C. A. UBER.

I notice in January issue that Dr. Frank Jones
considers a strong solution of bi-carbonate of soda
the most efficient application for the cure of Rhus
poisoning.

Nearly twenty years ago I was first poisoned
while botanizing, and have been poisoned every
year since, from one to four or more times. Of
course were I to cease roaming around and remain
at home I would escape, but I don't.

I have tried the above named remedy and nu-
merous others, and now use exclusively a strong
(saturated) solution of alum, which reheves me
quicker than any other application ever did. I
would remark that, as is well known, the Rhus
affects different persons in different degrees, and
some not at all ; and I have thought it may also
affect them in a different manner, as I have known
several persons, one of whom would experience
greater relief than another while using a similar
remedy. Therefore all may not be so readily re-
lieved by the application of the alum solution as
myself and others to whom I have recommended

54

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

it ; but to all whom the soda bi-carbonate does not
cure, I would say, try the alum solution.

Falls Church, Va.

BLOOMING OF THE SWEET POTATO IN
NEW JERSEY.
BY W. F. BASSETT.

Several years ago, a friend in Vineland told me
that his brother often had flowers on his sweet po-
tatoes, but I never saw one until the summer of
1885, when Mr. D. Colwell had some plants which
bloomed quite freely, and he informed me that
those which produced flowers were obtained from
another place (I do not remember where). Last
spring I bought some seed potatoes from Mr.
C, and among them I had several which flowered.
The flowers were smaller than any common morn-
ing glory, I should say about an inch across, and
white with rose colored throat. One theory is good
until another upsets it, but it is quite evident in
these cases that the peculiarities of the season had
nothing to do with it, and that it was in the va-
riety. Hammonton, N. y.

HYACINTH BEAN.

In the January number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, page 30, I find under " Scraps and
Queries " that " Physician " wants to know the
botanical name of this plant, on account of a case
of poisoning. It is Dolichos Lablab with us in
Texas, being planted by colored people to adorn
porches and verandas, and sometimes by whites.
It is, however, not poisonous, for the writer of this
has frequently eaten, when wandering in the moun-
tains, where some people cultivate it for that pur-
pose, a mess of this very same Hyacinth bean, the
young pods being prepared like snap beans, of
which the taste is very much alike.

Austin, Texas, Jan. 7, i88y.

no person could be found who would eat them —

a mere taste being sufficient for each. To the

writer the flavor was unpleasant and nauseating.

Pittsburg, January 10, i88y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

THE MELON PEAR.

The " Melon Pear " referred to on page 24, Jan-
uary number, came to us a year ago in such a
way that we were induced to catalogue it, and we
give you briefly our experience. It looked tender,
however, so we potted part of the stock, and on
the plants thus treated quite a number of the
" Pears " were produced, and although some of
them ripened perfectly (under glass in the autumn).

Hardiness and Temperature. — The Garden-
ers' Monthly has shown often that hygrometri-
cal conditions, and not temperature, govern the
hardiness of trees. This fact, however, is but slowly
recognized. Prof, Beal recently noted a good illus-
tration at the college grounds at Lansing. He says :

" Last winter was as cold as any we have
had in 20 years — 33° F. below zero — yet thrifty
sprouts of Magnolia umbrella remained alive to
the terminal bud. Perhaps this was owing to the
fact that there was plenty of moisture in the soil,
or little wind or no sunshine during the freezing
period, or all of these combined, or for some other
reason not yet understood. These magnolias
have usually, even in mild winters, died to the
snow line."

Wattle Bark.— Wattle is the name given to
different species used in tanning leather. It is
said the production of wattle bark promises to be-
come one of the most profitable industries of Aus-
tralia.

Magnolia cordata.— Prof. Sargent has been
over the route taken by Michaux in 1788-89, chief-
ly to try to find the original localities for Magnoha
cordata, which Michaux is believed to have ar-
dently searched for. But Prof. Sargent now be-
lieves that botanist was looking for Magnolia Fra-
seri. But so far as Magnolia cordata is concerned.
Prof. Sargent could not find plants like the one
known as such in gardens, and he is inclined to
believe that it is only an extreme form of the com-
mon cucumber magnolia, M. acuminata.

The Lifting or Rising of Heated Atmos-
phere.— The " practical man " is often the true
man of science, while he with the scientfic reputa-
tion is the one often to merit the contempt some-
times expressed for the merely practical. How
this is exemplified a paper on " Climatology of the
United States," read before the Essex Institute of
Science, affords an instance. Prof. Kimball says,
"Again we take the case of a great level plain
heated by a summer's sun, till the air at some
point commences to rise. As it rises, air will flow
in from all sides, and will follow the upward cur-
rent already created." This reads something like
the story where the saucy domestic at once deter-
mined to leave, with her mistress' finger pointing to

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

55

the door. How anything can " rise" in opposition
to the laws of gravitation is not clear. A stick at
the bottom of a bucket will not " rise," but when
you fill the bucket with water we find the stick at
the top. Popular phrase makes it " rise," but the
man of science should know better. It is gravita-
tion acting on the heavier and plastic water that
results in pushing the stick up. It does not really
"rise," but is pushed up. It is so with all hquids,
the heavier pushes the lighter out of the way. The
" heated air commences to rise" only when heavier
air— that is, cooler air — pushes against it on all
sides. The cool air does not " follow,"— it drives
the other ahead of it. We think gardeners under-
stand this pretty well. It is at the foundation of
hot-water heating.

Alcohol from the Prickly Pear.— Don Fer-
nando de la Camara, a member of the Society of
Natural and Physical Science at Malaga, has been
experimenting for over a period of twelve years
with this plant (Opuntia vulgaris), and has at
length obtained results which may be regarded
as being satisfactory. He states, in rocky ground
at Malaga 2600 Figs, weighing about 13 kilos, are
an average crop on 10 square metres, and the pro-
portion of spirit obtained from the juice amounts
to about 8 per cent.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Dormant Bulbs. — Mr. W. C. Steele, Switzer-
land, Florida, writes : "In the spring of 1885 I
planted a dozen bulbs of Milla biflora in the
open ground. They all grew and bloomed finely.
As most of such bulbs are hardy here in any or-
dinary winters, they were left in the beds. The
unusually heavy freeze of January 9-12, 1886, de-
stroyed six of the bulbs, the other six were moved
in the spring and seemed to be all right. But as
the season advanced, only one bulb showed any
signs of growth ; that one bloomed and ripened
seed. A short time ago I dug it up and found it a
large fine bulb. Strange to say, four out of the
other five bulbs were still there and as sound as
the day they were planted, having lain perfectly
dormant for over a year. How do you account
for this ?"

[We could only answer, that vital activity varies
in different individuals, and yet we are conscious
that it is an explanation that does not explain.
Yet we see the fact everywhere in nature. A
transplanted tree does not push into leaf as soon
as one not transplanted. Some transplanted trees

indeed will remain a whole season and not push
into leaf until the next year. This is especially
true of the Ash family; and even as regards bulbs,
a quantity may be planted together, all set the same
depth, and all apparently with the same condi-
tions about them, yet they will not all appear at
the surface at the same time. We are accustomed
to say that those which appear first have the great-
est vital activity ; but just what influences this la-
tent power for active life, we suppose no one
knows. — Ed. G. M.]

A Terrible Rose Fungus. — W. H. T., Mont-
gomery Co., Pa., writes : " Will you please tell
me, if possible, through the Monthly, what is
the cause of, and how to prevent my rose bushes
from dying ? I send you two plants to show you
how they look. They are planted in a sohd bed
on the ground, and have good drainage."

[The edges of the leaves are brown and in many
cases all brown and falling off. It was evidently
the work of some root fungus which had perme-
ated the whole plant. Examining the roots we
find them a whole mass of granules, similar to
thatresuhing from the Phylloxera on the vine.
We do not, however, find any trace of insect life
in them. We will hold them for further examina-
tion and report hereafter. — Ed. G. M.]

Acclimatizing Plants. — Mr. Green observes
in regard to a note of the Editor : "You consider
it established that trees, etc., may become accli-
matized, yet the able and practical president, T.
T. Lyon, took the writer to task for preaching
such a doctrine in a paper before the American
Pomological Society at the last meeting. I believe
the old Brinckle's Orange Raspberry is becoming
more hardy. It often endures the severe winters
at our farm, which has the reputation of being
more exposed than any other hereabout. But it
is the work of ages in most instances to acclima-
tize a plant or tree."

Yucca Paper. — Mr. A. A. Dance, Argyle Lodge,
Bournemouth, England, desires the address of any
firm in America, making paper from Yucca.
There was one in Denver, Colorado, a few years
ago, probably there still.

The Mistletoe in Florida. — Mr.W. C. Steele,
Switzerland, Florida, says : " Mistletoe is quite
common here. It grows most abundantly on the
hickory and water oak. It is also found on the
common native persimmon, the wild cherry, pru-
nus serotina, the prickly ash, and in one instance
on a wild plum, prunus umbellata. Though
found in large masses on other trees standing

5«

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

among live oaks, I have never seen a single spec-
imen of mistletoe on a live oak."

The Mistletoe in California. — Mr. Lester
says : " As the mistletoe subject is not yet ex-
hausted, allow me to say I found it very plentifully
in 1870, high up on large oak trees in the neigh-
borhood of Saratoga, Santa Cruz Co., California,
also in the year after on low scrub willows on
Mormon Slough, in San Joaquin (pronounced wa-
keen) Co., in the same state. Both places are
about an equal distance from San Francisco, in a
different or opposite direction.

Host Plants of the Mistletoe in England.
— Mr. James M. Pulley, Boston, Mass., writes:
"Seeing you are interested in the host of the mis-
tletoe, I beg to add my mite. I have seen the
parasite in England growing on the poplar, linden,
apple hawthorn, maple and pear. On the pop-
lar, apple and linden many times, on the haw-
thorn several, and on the maple and pear a sol-
itary instance each."

Trailing Arbutus. — "Virginia:" We believe
it is conceded that an ancient Roman would have
pronounced the word with accent on the first syl-
lable, but custom with the English speaking peo-
ple has placed it upon the second, and " it is cus-
tom gives law to language." It would be no use
to try to change it now. As to culture, it is con-
ceded to be difficult to transplant, but this is prob-
ably because it is forgotten that its leading root
fibres are near the surface. If planted where an
abundance of light, sandy soil can get in among
the fine fibres, it will perhaps do better.

Black Spot on Rose Leaves. — "Constant
Reader," Hoosick Falls, N. Y., writes: "I am very
much troubled of late with the above mentioned
attacking the leaves of my American Beauties and
taking the vitality right out of them— thereby
rendering the blooms very unsatisfactory. And I

perceive it is spreading to some Bennetts planted
close by. It is to me a new enemy in the cul-
tivation of roses. Would like to hear from some
of the readers of your valuable paper on the sub-
ject—more especially Peter Henderson or some of
the noted rose growers."

[This matter was very ably discussed by a
number of the noted rose growers of America at
the florists* convention last summer. Every one of
them had positive opinions of his own, but accord-
ing to our observation, no one succeeded in con-
vincing the others that they were wrong in their
views. The only facts on which there seems to
be no disagreement are, that the trouble comes
from the work of a minute parasite fungus ; and
that this fungus is a new-comer among rose
growers.

The drift of the discussion indicated that most
of the noted growers believed bad treatment
started the fungus on its work. Rain water, hard
water, cold currents, too low temperature, too
much forcing causing lack of vital power to resist
attack, bad soil, and many other things, that might
bring about this growth, were offered as guesses,
but nothing more.

It may be conceded, we think, that fungus par-
asites do not readily grow on vegetation unless
vegetative power is not at its best, — hence the
protection must be sought for in obeying those
laws of plant-life in our treatment that tend to
healthy vegetation. Fungus, however, may be
destroyed. It is known that oil, sulphur and salt
are all enemies of fungus growth, and, if one is
chemist enough to know how to help an atmos-
phere in its oxygenic particulars, some good might
be obtained from this great enemy of fungus also.

Now all these are ascertained facts, and it only
remains for some genius to put them into such
shape for practical use, that he who runs may read,
as the Scriptures say Ed. G. M.]

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTE ON THE GARDENS OF WILLIAM M.
SINGERLEY.

BY JOHN WOODING.

Having been invited several times during the
past five years to pay a visit to a gardener friend

who lives in Montgomery county, I found a
chance recently, and was met at the station by
my friend. After a pleasant drive of six miles
along the Norristown and Doylestown pike, on a
pleasant morning, through an open-looking coun-
try, a house and a barn here and there along the
whole Hne, we passed an old Quaker meeting-
house, probably built in William Penn's time. The

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

57

end of the journey was the farm of Mr. Wm. M.
Singerley, the well known proprietor of the Phila-
delphia Record. The estate is called The Record
Farms and Conservatories. Mr, Thomas Foulds
is the gardener, and one of the most obliging and
good-natured fellows one can find.

Everything is new and as clean as a paper of
pins. It is situated on a natural eminence. Every-
thing is seen to advantage. There is the finest
group of well and conveniently constructed green-
houses, and of as novel design as can be found in
this part of the country. The architect is Mr.
Willis G. Hale, of Philadelphia. They are all
filled with a fine, healthy looking lot of different
kinds of plants. Every house is especially adapted
for different subjects. All the best varieties of
roses are grown— from Her Majesty to American
Beauty down. The rose-house I presume to be
about 60 feet long, with a bed down the centre,
paths all round, and side-benches three feet wide,
which hold about eight inches of soil planted with
roses. This is as it should be. No half-way busi-
ness will do in this matter, if you want roses up to
the mark. A grapery has been built lately, de-
signed by Mr. Foulds. It is divided into three
sections, arranged so as to prolong the fruiting
season — namely. First Early, Intermediate, and
Late. The vines were planted last April. They
have made a remarkable growth, and the canes
are ripening finely. There is a stove-house in the
centre of the group, built higher than the rest,
which is full of decorative and exotic plants. Car-
nations and Bouvardias are grown very extensive-
ly here, and are of the finest quality. The house
is excellently adapted for them, having all the
light possible. Lemons and oranges are also to
be found here, full of fruit, growing in 14-inch
tubs. One of the finest plants of the kind I have
seen for some years, and in as fine and healthy
a condition, is an Allamanda Hendersoni, growing
up the rafters of the greenhouse. It is planted out
in the open ground, and bore a profusion of large
funnel-shaped yellow flowers. This plant, being a
native of Brazil, requires a warm, moist situation.
Apricots, Peaches. Nectarines and Figs are found.
Strawberry forcing is also a specialty with Mr.
Foulds. At this date, November 21st, I noticed
fine ripe berries of the Cumberland and other
varieties in different stages of advancement. I sup-
pose four or five hundred plants in all, in 6-inch
pots.

A large number of bedding plants are grown
here. Mr. Foulds informed me that he planted
out about 30,000 last season. The lawn slopes

gradually to the south, diversified with trees and
choice shrubbery, and many intricate designs of
carpet bedding.

A spacious kitchen garden is enclosed by stone
walls, and furnished with substantial pits for forc-
ing vegetables.

A grape arbor, of choice varieties, shades a cen-
tre walk, running 300 feet from north to south.
Strawberries and other fruits in variety.

Gardener s Accommodations, — The gardener's
cottage at this place is of a beautiful design and
finish, consisting of eight rooms, all large and con-
venient. It has a hall-way six feet wide and stairs
in centre. It is a frame cottage, painted light and
relieved by darker colors. Mr. Singerley evi-
dently did not forget to provide comfortable quar-
ters where a gardener, as well as another man, can
live and die happily. Gentlemen's places are
rather few and far between in this section, and
you would suppose gardeners, too, but my friend
drove me to a place about two miles from him,
owned by a Philadelphia family named Gilbert.
This place is about two miles from anywhere, but
it is a very nice, retired part of the country ; it is
for sale, the owner not taking much interest in it.
It is well shaded, and has a splendid variety of
evergreens, and there are two fair-sized green-
houses, and a gardener who has lived there 14
years. They say, " Birds of a feather flock to.
gether." I was surprised to meet two or three
other gardeners there, from a distance, with horses
and carriage. They make a practice of meeting
at each other's places every week or so. Some of
them were musical gardeners, who sang and
played on the piano. Moody's and Sankey's
hymns were sung, it being Sunday ; but I guess
on any other day they sing. " Drive dull care
away," for I must say they were the most jovial
and good-natured lot of fellows I ever met, and as
happy as sand-boys. They all hoped they would
see me again some day, and I hope so too, for a
more pleasant time I have not spent for many a
long day. Pencoyd, Montgomery Co., Pa.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Grammatical Errors. — We do not know
that the haste with which a magazine has often ta
be gotten out is any excuse for errors of this char-
acter. One of our correspondents points out that
the gender of Setaria viride, at page 15, is wrongs
it should be Setaria viridis ; and the orthography
of Ribes oxycanthoides should have been R. oxy-
acanthoides.

S8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

Clover and Grass Seed. — The English mar-
ket is largely supplied with these from the United
States.

U. S. Department of Agriculture. Sub-De-
partment OF Pomology A new sub-division

was made last year in the interests of fruit culture,
to be known as the Division of Pomology. Mr.
H. G. Van Deman, formerly of Geneva, Kansas,
has been placed in charge of it, and recently en-
tered on the active duties of his office. He will be
very thankful to friends who may communicate to
him facts in relation to his subject that may come
under their observation. Fruit culture or notes
on new or old fruits, or anything bearing on the
topic will be highly appreciated.

The Violet, Napoleon's Flower. — A pam-
phlet of the year 1815, which the Temps has re-
cently discovered, gives an account of how the
violet became the emblem of imperialism in
France. Three days before the embarkation for
Elba, Bonaparte, accompanied by the Duke of
Bassano and General Bertrand, took a walk in the
gardens of Fon.tainebleau. He was still waver-
ing whether he should quietly resign himself to
his banishment. The Duke of Bassano tried to
point out to him that the time for withdrawal was
past. Greatly excited, Napoleon walked on
without speaking, trying to divert his thoughts
from the subject. Suddenly he saw close to him
a pretty child of three or four years of age pick-
ing flowers and tying them in a bunch. "My
little friend," said the Prince, " will you give me
your flowers ?" "Yes, gladly," said the boy, and
handed them gracefully to him. Bonaparte
kissed the child, and said, after a few minutes, to
his courtiers : " The accident of this occurrence
is a secret hint to me to follow the example of
these modest flowers. Yes, gentlemen, hence-
forth the violet shall be the emblem of my
wishes." "Sire," replied Bertrand, " I hope for
your Majesty's glory that this resolution will not
last longer than the flower from which it takes its
origin." The next day Napoleon was seen walk-
ing about the gardens with a bunch of violets,
which he carried alternately in his mouth and
hand. Stopping at a flower bed he stooped down
to pick some flowers. The violets were rather
scarce on the spot, and the grenadier Choudieu,
who was on guard, said to him, " Sire, in a year's
time it will be easier to pick them ; they will then
be more plentiful." Bonaparte, greatly astonished,
looked at him. "You think, then, that next year
I shall be back ?" "Perhaps sooner ; at least we

hope so." "Soldier, do you not know that after
to-morrow I start for Elba?" "Your Majesty will
wait till the clouds roll by." "Do your comrades
think like you?" "Almost all." "They may
think it, but may not say it. After you are re-
lieved go to Bertrand and let him give you 20
Napoleons d'or, but keep silence." Choudieu re-
turned to the barracks, and drew the attention of
his comrades to the fact that for the last two days
the Emperor had been walking about with a
bunch of violets. "We will call him among
ourselves Pere la Violette." From that day forth
Napoleon was only called by that name in the
barracks. By degrees the secret reached the pub-
lic, and in spring the adherents of the ex-monarch
carried the flower as a memorial either in their
mouth or in their buttonhole. — Pall Mall Gazette.

Isolated England. — A French writer in a Bel-
gian publication, makes great fun of the weight
and measures he finds among the florists and
gardeners in Covent Garden market. He says
you are told that the articles are so much per
seive, per pottle, per handful, bundle, bunch, or
pound — and even when you want to buy by the
pound, you have to come to an understanding
whether you are to buy by Troy weight, Dutch
weight or avoirdupois weight. He finds the desire
for a metric system there weakening every day,
through a fear that the introduction of any foreign
notion will endanger the British constitution.
They even refused to have a tunnel under the
British channel, for fear Bonaparte might walk in
some night and run off with Queen Victoria ; and
it is for this reason that there is and always will be
a jealousy of everything foreign, no matter how
useful it may be proved to be. After all the jok-
ing there may be sound national policy in such a
view from a small island like Britain.

Origin of the Noisette Rose.— We do not
know that Philip Noisette, the Charleston florist,
who in 18 1 5 sent plants to his son, Louis Noisette,
in France, ever had any more idea of its origin
than that it was an accidental production, — but
Boitard in his Manuel Complet de l' Amateur des
Roses, published in 1836, states, though probably
a mere supposition, that it was a cross between
Rosa indica and Rosa moschata.

Virgin's Bower. — One of the misfortunes of
English names to plants is, that those who use
them, in time drop them for others. There is
nothing stable about them. We are reading an
excellent paper in an English publication, on
their wild clematis — Clematis Vitalba, and a full

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

59

list of the common names is given. We have
Travellers' joy and Old man's beard among them.
Yet the last is a comparatively new name, while
the good old one of "Virgin's Bower" is omitted.

Modesty and Taxation.— In America a man
is "assessed," — in England he is "rated," and the
Gardener' s Chronicle says :

"American nurserymen, it is alleged, cannot
understand why their British colleagues should
complain about being over-rated. Americans are
not quite so modest, but perhaps they do not
realize that taxes follow on this sort of appreciation
on this side of the Atlantic."

And after all it is about the same here, — a man
is not much appreciated unless he has something
worth taxing.

David Douglas. — Every plant-lover has heard
of Douglas. His name has been given to numer-
ous pretty flowers, and the Douglas Spruce has
given him a great name among those with whom

even a love of flowers is unknown. The portrait
here annexed is from the Gardeners' Chronicle.
He was born in Scone, in Scotland, and studied
gardening in the nurseries of Messrs. Brown, at
Perth, and later in the Glasgow Botanic Gardens,
when Mr., afterwards Sir William, Hooker, was Dir-
ector. In 1823 he was engaged by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society to collect plants and seeds in North
America, and he particularly distinguished himself
by his work on the Pacific coast, especially in the
region of the Columbia River. In a second trip
he visited California. In 1833 he left California

for the Sandwich Islands. They have a plan to
trap wild animals by digging a pit, and covering
loosely. The creatures break through and can-
not escape. Douglas fell into one of these, in which
a wild bull had been already captured. He was
torn and trampled to pieces by the infuriated
beast. He was one of the most energetic and suc-
cessful of plant collectors.

Professor William Saunders. — This gentle-
man. Director of the Experimental Farms of the
Dominion of Canada, has returned from his West-
ern explorations in the interest of agriculture,
having extended his observations to Vancouver
Island on the Pacific coast. He reports Manitoba
as flourishing in spite of the unusually dry season.
Settlements are starting up even to the foot of the
Rocky Mountains. Cattle feed out to the end of
November. In British Columbia settlers are lo-
cating faster than farming provides for them, so
that a large portion of the supplies has to be
brought from a distance. Timber and the fisheries
will be productive industries for ages. Banff, on
the Bow River, is prosperous. A large hotel is
forming, and the Government laying out a beauti-
ful Public Park. The Western Indians seem
contented and happy.

General W. H. Noble. — The Rural New
Yorker gives a likeness and biography of this
gentleman, whose excellent papers on landscape
gardening and kindred topics have often interested
our readers. He was born August i8th, i8i3,and
educated at the Military Academy at Middletown,
finally graduating from Yale. He was admitted
to the bar in 1836. In 1862 he became Colonel of
the 17th Connecticut Volunteers, and entered the
war for the Union. He was severely wounded at
Chancellorsville, — but he recovered time enough to
take part in the battle of Gettysburg. He was
captured in Florida, and went to Andersonville
prison. He was mustered out of service with the
title of Brigadier-General at the conclusion of the
war. While still practising law, he devotes his
leisure time to his favorite gardening tastes at
Bridgeport, of which city he has been Common
Councilman, and Chairman of its Board of Park
Commissioners. Notwithstanding he is in his 73rd
year, we should judge by his portrait he is a hale
and well-preserved, tall and somewhat thin gentle-
man.

Thomas Moore. — This well known English
horticulturist died suddenly on January ist, in his
65th year. Possibly no man ever did so much for
horticulture in the old world. When the writer of

6o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

this knew him, he was a foreman of the herba-
ceous plant department of the Royal Botanic Gar-
den, Regent's Park, London, where he fixed that
love of botany in connection with horticulture, that
made his subsequent career so useful. He was
from the first co-editor with Dr. Lindley, and sub-
sequently until recently with Dr. Masters in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, one of the editors of the
Treasury of Botany, author of a work on Ferns,
and in some way or other with most of the leading
literary enterprises connected with gardening. For
many years and until his death, he was curator at
the Apothecaries' Garden, at Ciielsea, a position
once held by the famous Philip Miller.

Sheppard Knapp. — The New York papers an-
nounce the death of this gentleman, who, over a
quarter of a century ago, was eminent as an ama-
teur horticulturist, and was president of the New
York Horticultural Society at that time. He had
a fine country seat at Babylon, Long Island.

Prof. Alphonse De Candolle.— Looking at
the MSS. from which the note in our last was
made, it seems to be 87, but a correspondent who
is certainly well informed on the age of Prof. De
Candolle, says it should be 81, not 87.

Dr. H. H. Rusby.— Thie intrepid botanist, well
known in New Mexican, Arizona, and other ex-
plorations, has reached Para safely, having de-
scended the Amazon in canoe for the distance of
3500 miles. The details of this wonderful journey
will be looked for with great interest.

Pinney's Nurseries at Sturgeon Bay.— The
Sturgeon Bay (Wis.) Advocate refers in compli-
mentary terms to Mr. Pinney's efforts to start his
nursery there. He commenced in 1864, and now
has a very large trade, and it is increasing heavily I
from year to year. I

J. R. & A. Murdoch.— This long established |
and well known firm has hitherto consisted of John '
R. Murdoch, Alexander Murdoch, James R. Mur-
doch and David B. Murdoch. The last named j
now retires, and the old firm will continue busi- 1
ness as usual.

Transactions OF the Worcester Co. (Mass.)
Horticultural Society.— From Edward W.
Lincoln, Sec, 1886. This society has a very pros- 1
perous hbrary, standing next to the Massachusetts i
Horticultural Society in this respect, and the soci-
ety on the whole seems prosperous.

Peach Culture.— By John Willcox, Bridgeton,
N. J. This is an essay of 80 pages, proposing
to give a "complete treatise" on the subject. We

can only say of this as of similar efforts professing
to be drawn from practical experience, that it
possesses great value from that fact,— and yet
probably no two leading growers would wholly
agree with it. Each in his own way has some
which he regards more essential than other peo-
ple's notions. Editors, who have to sink their own
personalities and act as judges, have to wonder
what other people would say in these cases, rather
than have any say of their own. Here, for in-
stance, is the opinion given that "in Tennessee the
yellows are unknown." Then comes the opinion
that the disease known as yellows is not a disease,
but simply the result of starvation. Is the soil
never exhausted, or is there no starvation in
Tennessee ? We only offer this as an illustration
as to how there will be differences where mere
"opinions" are at stake,— but this will not in the
least detract from the value which such a volume
of practical matter offers to the average peach
grower.

Apple Culture.— By L. H. Bailey, Jr., New
York, Orange Judd Co., 1886. This is a brief
essay of 90 pages giving apparently the experi-
ence of the author and his father, and as the
result of such experience has a value that will
be always appreciated. Aside from this we fancy
most experienced orchardists would cordially en-
dorse the teachings of the author. Yet we fancy
that if this essay were read before one of our
leading pomological societies it would meet the
usual fate of prolonged discussion on many points.
For instance, the expression "cold and backward
soils, even if well under-drained, do not give good
results. I am not to be understood as discourag-
ing tile drainage, but I prefer a soil naturally well
drained to one tile drained." The inference from
this would be that one had no alternative but tile
draining or high lands. The fact is that some of
the most successful orchards in Illinois and other
places are on land where water would stand all
winter. But the land is plowed up into ridges,
and the trees planted on these ridges. It is much
cheaper and far more effective than under-drain-
ing, and the trees do much better than on high
land where the fertilizing materials are washed to
the lowlands with every rain.

We are not so sure either that the men who steal
apples are usually those who have never been to
Sunday-school, — a statement the author himself
seems to doubt in another place where he inti-
mates that college boys are more likely to steal
from a disagreeable old curmudgeon, than from a
smiUngly affable orchardist. We take it for

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

6l

granted that most of the collegians had been or are
Sunday-school boys. Still, the experience of a
successful cultivator is not to be judged by a few
weak points which all experiences have.

Drugs and Medicines of North America. —
Cincinnati, J. N. & C. G. Lloyd. The September
number gives an exhaustive account of the Mag-
nolia in the United States. There is a map show-
ing the geographical distribution of the genus.
The histories are fully given, the drugs, and the
generally useful purposes the trees serve. The
frontispiece is of Magnolia macrophylla, — at least
given for that, but is evidently M. Fraseri, given
by mistake. M. macrophylla is more than double
the "natural size" as given here, the petals are
rounded, and the auricles to the leaves not long
and slender as given here. The Papaw is also il-
lustrated and historied.

The Floral Cabinet. — And now we have
another sacrifice to chronicle. The Floral Cabinet
has been devoured by the American Garden.

The Gardeners' Chronicle This excellent

English weekly, after forty-five years of service,
has lowered its price and decreased in sire. We
are sorry, for there was never too much to read,
the matter was always so good.

Catalogues.— Berger, H. H., & Co., Rare Jap-
anese Plants, San Francisco, Cal. ; Dreer, Henry
A., Preliminary Trade List, Philadelphia, Pa. ;
Ellwanger & Barry, Circular of New Things,
Rochester, N. Y.; Haynes, J. H., Itasca Straw-
berry, Delphi, Ind.; Landreth, D.. & Sons, Seed
Catalogue for 1887, Philadelphia, Pa.; Phoenix, F.
K., & Son, Nursery Price Lists, Delavan, Wis.;
Plant Seed Co., Seed Catalogue for 1887, St. Louis,
Mo.; Schmidt, J. C, Garden and Flower Seeds,
Erfurt, Germany ; Thorburn, Jas. M., & Co., Seed
Annual, New York City, New York ; Vick, James,
Floral Guide, Rochester, N. Y.; Williams, B. S.,
Flower, Vegetable and Agricultural Seeds, Upper
HoUoway, London, England ; Young & Elliott,
Seed Catalogue for 1887, New York City.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Patenting Fruits.— Mr. Charles A. Green
says : " You ask for suggestions relating to the
protection of originators of new fruits. The Niag-
ara Grape Co. has solved the question, having
shown one way to secure protection which has
proved successful as they practice it. But why
not patent the new fruit, much as other affairs are
patented ? Then individuals would be granted

rights to grow only, others to grow and propa-
gate ; all restricted by the originator. It would
cause inconvenience and annoyance perhaps, but
it would not be compulsory on any one to be thus
inconvenienced, and the prime object would be at-
tained. Prof. Beal can distinguish varieties by the
blossoms in many cases."

Col. Wilder's Death.— A Virginia corres-
pondent writes : •' The decease of our honored
president, Marshall P. Wilder, is very depressing,
and is to be as deeply deplored as that of any of
our recently deceased statesmen, for his influence
for the good and beautiful was as great as that of
any."

Lovers of Roses.— A distinguished English
clergyman writes to a local paper to regret that
just in proportion to the spread of a love for roses
among his congregation, he notices a correspond-
ing emptiness of pews in his church ; but for the
life of us we cannot see the connection between
the two circumstances, or why he should introduce
the subject in that light.

The Honor of Nurserymen. — Mr. Green in a
note to the Editor, says : " You uphold the integ-
rity of many men in the trade whose statements
you state can be relied upon, though they are pe-
cuniarily interested. It is a direct insult to inti-
mate that, as a rule, men should be mistrusted
when thus speaking or writing. Indeed, so far has
public opinion been influenced by editors and oth-
ers who attempt to bolster their own reputation by
running down the opinions of men in trade,
many are so sensitive they will not speak or write
of affairs liable to be thus criticised. Trade jour-
nals are mentioned with a sneer, yet are not Har-
per's and Lippincott's publications trade journals ?
Should their utterances receive less weight on this
account? No, 'A man's a man for a' that,' and
should pass for actual worth on all occasions."

A Treatise on Chrysanthemums. — A Con-
necticut correspondent says : "I have Burbidge on
Chrysanthemums. It looks good. So much is
said about these plants, and so much interest taken
in their growth, that it seems to me an article (per-
haps more) on their culture, management, etc.,
from some of the leading growers, would be of
great interest to many readers of the Monthly.
An Enghsh book deals with it in a different cli-
mate, and is not really authority for this country."

Horticulture in Schools. — A Rochester cor-
respondent remarks: "Allow me to call the at-
tention of your readers to the importance of teach-
ing horticulture in the public schools. Denomina-

62

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

tions say, ' Let us have the children to direct. We
care not who has them when grown. We will
conform them to our views.' What an opportunity
we have here to make inteUigent horticultur-
ists ! Every well-informed pomologist should give
practical talks at least once a year in the public
schools."

[The Editor of this magazine has been for four
years Chairman of the Committee on Schools of
the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia,
and has had, in this capacity, the general oversight
of expenditures for the education of over 100,000
children, involving a cost of about $2,000,000, —
and this has afforded him ample opportunity for
testing innumerable theories advanced in regard
to the pubhc school system, and he is convinced
that the greatest danger to the pubHc school system
comes from the probability of its breaking down
by its own weight. A certain amount of taxation
must be endured in order to govern a community,
— but there comes a time when the limit of taxa-

tion must be reached, and when nearing this, how
to raise the money becomes a greater question
than what to do with the money. This is fast get-
ting to be the trouble with the public school
system. Imagine a city like Philadelphia paying
one-fourth of its available income for public educa-
tion. That is what it is doing, — yet there are
continual efforts to engraft horticulture, botany,
cooking, sewing, the mechanic arts, and number-
less other very useful thirtgs on to this public
system. The advocates of every one of these
progressive movements contend that they will not
add any more to the cost of teaching. We find by
experience they do so ; in brief, we have to come
down to this question of teaching horticulture in
schools that though the good that would come from
it is unquestioned, the Editor is compelled to
believe that society cannot afford to do it out of
taxation. It is one of those things best left to
private enterprise,— or even charity, if we care to
put it in that shape.— Ed. G. M.]

Horticultural Societies,

COMMUNICATIONS.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO-
CIETY FOR THE COMING SEASON.
BY E. L. BEARD.

The schedule of prizes of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, offered for the year 1887,
has just been issued. Nearly $7,000 are offered,
which is the largest amount appropriated for many
years. Of this amount $3,500 is appropriated for
plants and flowers, $2,200 for fruit, and $1,000 for
vegetables. In addition to these prizes are a large
number of special prizes, offered by individuals for
various classes of fruit and flowers. One of the
most notable of the latter is the series of gold and
silver medals offered by the General Union of
Holland, for hyacinths, tulips and narcissus, to be
competed for at the March exhibition.

The prizes for Roses in June amount to nearly
$500, and the prizes for Chrysanthemums have
been largely increased, the highest prize for the
latter being $100 for 20 plants in pots, with a
second and third prize of $75 and $50, and about
$400 are offered in addition for other classes of
Chrysanthemums in pots.

The most notable horticultural event of 1887

will be the annual exhibition on the 13th, 14th,.
15th and i6th of September.

This exhibition will be held in connection with
the annual meeting of the American Pomological
Society, and the immense hall of the Mechanics'
Association has been secured in order to make an
adequate display of the fruits which will be brought
from all parts of the United States, and the collec-
tions of rare plants and flowers exhibited under
the auspices of the Horticultural Society. The
latter society offers, in addition to its regular fruit
and flower prizes at this show, the sum of $500 to
be competed for by pomologists, competition being
open to States, societies, granges, firms and indi-
viduals throughout the United States and Canada.
Three prizes of $100, $50 and $25 are offered for
the best general display of fruits of all kinds.
Three prizes in each instance are offered for the
best collection of apples, pears, peaches and native
grapes. Three prizes of $20, $15 and $10 are of-
fered for the best collection of Russian apples and
seedlings therefrom. Large prizes are also offered
for the best collection of plums and sub-tropical
fruits. The complete schedule of the society can
be had from Robert Manning, Secretary of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston.

Boston, Jan. 4, 1887.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

63

A CHRYSANTHEMUM CLUB.
BY C. B., HARTFORD, CONN.

Last Spring I interested our parish (of Trinity
Church) in this city, in giving a Chrysanthemum
show. Forty of us (they were mostly women) each
bought ten plants (about one hundred varieties),
and grew them through the summer, and the
second week in November we held our exhibition.
The florists of the city were asked to join us, which
they did, and the d splay was a creditable one. It
was understood at the beginning that the money
obtained was to be given towards building a hos-
pital at Helena, Montana, and we had the pleasure
of sending them over $300.

STATEMENT TO THE CHRYSANTHEMUM CLUB.

Received from admittance $229 65

" " sale of plants 118 19

" " cut flowers 74 06

" " lumber 10 50

$432 40

Paid for music 818 00

» " hall 15 00

" " cartage 15 95

" " signs, etc 6 56

" " labor 5 50

" " lumber 12 44

" " printing 6 35

" " load of trees 3 00

'• " booth 6 CO

" " cutflowers 10 00

Expenses paid Mr. May 3 00

Paid for sundries 2 94

Net proceeds of exhibition.

101 74
S327 66

THE CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW.
BY ONE WHO LOVES CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Chrysanthemums are so popular that a few re-
marks respecting them may not be out of place.
The late Philadelphia show, at Horticultural Hall,
is conceded by all to have been the largest and
best ever held in the United States. Even New
Yorkers concede the palm to Philadelphia. These
plants have been extensively cultivated the last
five years, and every season brings better plants.
It is not necessary to relate here the successful ex-
hibitors and premiums awarded, as that is already
known through the daily papers, which took a great
interest in the show, and deserve the thanks of the
Horticultural Society, for seconding the popular
interest in the matter from day to day.

I am glad to hear the show has been also a
great success financially. I think Chrysanthemums
are come to stay for some years. They have been
in cultivation lor two hundred years in the old
country, and they may continue here for a long
time, as everybody is getting interested in them.
Shows are starting up in different parts of the
country, and I believe in course of time every place

of any importance will have its Chrysanthemum
show.

I believe the premiums awarded gave good sat-
isfaction. It is a difficult matter for judges to
decide on the best plants and equally the best
flowers among so many. I never saw such gigantic
plants grown as some of them were, especially on
single stems. It seems the single stem method of
culture is very satisfactory. In the cut flower de-
partment some extra large and superior blooms
were shown, and some new introductions from
last season, of which I here make note : Bicolor,
Mr. J. Thorpe, Tubiflora, Robert Bottomly, Lady
St. Clair, Lord Wolseley, S. Lion, Mabel Ward^
Soliel de Levant,. Mrs. F. Thompson. The com-
petition this year was very keen. Everybody did
his level best to beat his neighbor. One exhibitor
says he will have them six feet through next year.
In looking over the schedule of premiums of-
fered for these plants, I notice only 167 for gar-
deners, in what is termed the Amateurs' List. I
think this ought to be called the Gentleman's Gar-
deners' List, as a professional Gardener is no Am-
ateur. As the show has been such a success, I
think there ought to be a few more sections in
the schedule next year, and more premiums
in money for Gardeners, who contribute the
biggest share to the show. In looking over the
premium list for Florists, I find $565 offered, — a
large sum compared with Gardeners'.

In regard to the culture of the Chrysanthemum,
some advocate starting the cuttings in November,
others in February or March. I believe in the
former as the best time, and with good manage-
ment they will make larger plants than if the cut-
tings are started at the latter period. There are
different methods of culture, — some plant them out
in the open ground in May, and lift them in Sep-
tember. Others grow them on continuously in pots.
I am told some of the largest plants on exhibition
were pot grown, and were exhibited in 14-inch
pots. They will, perhaps, have them in tubs next
year. This plant is evidently a very gross feeder,
and will stand any amount of stimulants previous-
ly to showing buds. After that, watering once a
week with cow manure water will be ample. Mr.
John Thorpe, of Hallack, Son & Thorpe, advocates
in their catalogues watering six or seven times a
day during the summer months. I beg to differ
with him there. I never watered them or any
other plant above twice a day, which I consider
quite necessary. I do not believe in giving a plant
water when it is not dry. Probably Mr. Thorpe is
like the proverbial minister, who was charged with

€4

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[February,

doing something unbecoming a minister, and who
replied, •' Don't do as I do, but do as I say."

In preparing plants for exhibition, they require
a good deal of time and attention, — more so than
some Gardeners can give them, who have so much
other work to do. I noticed some plants with a
stake to every flower —in fact, a pot full of sticks.
I think they look quite as well grown in a more
natural manner, about three or four stakes round
each plant, — but it is necessary to have them to
perfection both in foliage and flowers, else stay at
home in future.

[The suggestion in regard to the Amateur Class
is a very good one. In all well ordered institutions,
it is customary to separate those who keep Garden-
ers to look after fruit, vegetables and flowers, from
those who grow their articles wholly by their own
hands. The reasons for this are obvious. The
smaller amateurs, who keep no gardeners, have sel-
dom the chance to compete with the others, and
yet they are a class of flower-lovers all desire to
encourage.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. — Ar-
rangements are being made for the coming fall to
eclipse all former Chrysanthemum exhibitions. Six
hundred dollars have already been subscribed for
a premium in one class, in which the first premium
vill be $300. Some of our lady amateurs are
taking a live interest, and will offer valuable vases
as premium articles. Mrs. Geo. W. Childs, Mrs,
Charles Wheeler and Mrs. Hennessey have signi-
fied their desire to offer these inducements to live-
ly competition.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society
AND Col. M. p. Wilder.— The Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, at its meeting on the
1st of January, paid due honor to the memory of
their esteemed associate. Col. Wilder. The lead-
ing members each paid a warm tribute. The
remarkably youthful trait which he carried with
his years, to which we alluded in our notice, was
particularly dwelt on by Mr. Robert Manning, who
concluded his remarks by observing :

"One of Mr. Wilder's most prominent charac-
teristics was the perpetual youth which, in spiteof the
infirmities of age, he carried with him, and which led
Governor Long, in his speech at the meeting of the
American Pomological Society in this city in 1881,
to speak of him as at once the oldest and the
youngest man in the State. This had been attrib-
uted to his love for rural pursuits ; but the speaker
thought it due rather to his kind and loving heart,

continually overflowing with regard to every one,
so that they who had known him but a short time,
felt that in his death they had lost a dear friend."
This thought, the speaker said, had been better
expressed in Whittier's lines, with which he
closed :

"To homely joys and loves and friendships

Thy genial nature fondly clung;
And "so the shadow on the dial

Ran back and left thee always young.
• « » * , •

Thy greeting smile was pledge and prelude
Of generous deeds and kindly words ;

In thy large he-irt were fair guest-chambers
Open to sunrise and the birds.

O friend ! if thought and sense avail not
To know thee hencetorth as thou art,

That all is well with thee forever
I trust the instincts of my heart.

Thine be the quiet habitations,
Thine the green pastures, blossom-sown,

And smiles of saintly recognition
As sweet and tender as thy own.

Thou com'st not from the hush and shadow

To meet us ; but to thee we come.
With thee we never can be strangers,
And where thou art must still be home ! "

Founding of the American Pomological
Society. — Col. M. P. Wilder, writing a few days
before his death, to Mr. Charles A. Green, editor
of the Ft^U Grower, said :

" In regard to the origin of the American Pomo-
logical Society, the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, (of which I was then president,) in 1848
authorized me to correspond with societies and po-
mologists in other states, and if approved by them,
to call a National Pomological Convention in the
city of New York, which was held in October of
that year. This meeting was styled the American
Congress of Fruit Growers, and was held under
the auspices of the American institute. This was
the first National organization of the kind. It
created a new interest in pomological research
throughout the country, which has been constantly
increasing since. The next year another organi-
zation, the North American Pomological Conven-
tion, was united with this, and the combined soci-
eties in 1852 took the name of the American Po-
mological Society. The first officers of the Amer-
ican Congress of Fruit Growers were Marshall P.
Wilder, President, and Samuel B. Parsons and Pat-
rick Barry of New York, and Geo. W. Deacon of
New Jersey, Secretaries, with a Vice-President
from each of the States represented, only one of
whom, H. W. S. Cleveland, now of Minneapolis,
still lives. The second meeting was the next year
in New York, and the third at Cincinnati in 1850,
since which time they have been held bi-ennially
in the leading cities of the North, South and West,
and its next meeting is to be held in Boston, in
September, 1887. It should here be remembered
that among its most distinguished Pomologists of
its early history were A. J. Downing, his brother
Charles, Dr. W. D. Brinckle of Pennsylvania, J.
J. Thomas and George ELlwanger of New York,
Dr. John A. Warder of Ohio, Charles M. Hovey,
Samuel Walker and P.obert Manning of Massa-
chusetts."

A SEEDLING OF SHARPLESS, OFTEN MEASURING NINE INCHES AROUND. FEW SMALL
BERRIES.no leaf BLIGHT.REMARKABLEFOR QUALITY, beauty and PRODUCTIVENESS.

IHE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS,

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.'

Volume XXIX.

MARCH, 1887.

Number 339.

Flower Garden and Fzeasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Continuing our hints on shade in connection
with landscape gardening, it may be remarked
that not near as much advantage is taken of
porches and piazzas in connection with house ar-
chitecture as might be. The late Mr. E. S. San-
ford, of New York, recently deceased, once built a
suburban villa which had a three-story
piazza all around the house. As a
model of beauty it was not a success.
When joked about it he would re-
mark that it might be like a Chinese
pagoda — it only proved Chinese pago-
das were very comfortable places to
live in. It is one of the misfortunes of
American architecture that in copy-
ing European excellencies, the Amer-
ican climate has been forgotten. When
our necessities in this respect have
been remembered, the architect often
forgets to so design the piazza that it
harmonizes with the general character
of the building. One of the best
successes that we know of in making
a piazza an effective feature in a harmonious
design, is at Ridgelawn, the seat of L. V. Stone,
Esq., an illustration of which we give on page 67.
It will be seen that, aside from the pleasant cool-

ness afforded by the vine-clad piazza, it heightens
rati er than detracts from the architectural ap-
pearance.

The entrance to Ridgelawn reminds us how
much depends on tasteful entrance gates. It is
like clothing to a man. When we get to know
one well, it makes little difference to us how our
friend is dressed. But the dress of a stranger is

Gate Approach to Ridgelawn.

our first clue to his character. So we get the
first impression from the entrance gate, and
the landscape gardener should give it a close
study.

66

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

We give with this a design that is considered
chaste. No one, however, can copy well another's
gate. The design should suit the surroundings,
and what would be pretty in one situation may be
out of all character in another.

Annual flowers should be sown as soon as possi-
ble, and yet not before the soil is so dry as to pow-
der when pressed firm. Few understand the ne- '
cessity of sowing seeds shallow and then firming !
the soil. The writer of these lines came across, I
recently, a paragraph he wrote fifteen years ago, I
and yet it will be as new to many as if written
now. Thus runs the paragraph: |

"The day is warm, and the surface soil just dry j
enough to powder when struck with the back of
the trowel. We should not ask their company
otherwise, for when the soil is sticky it won't do
to sow seed. The ground has been dry several

you see we have set our seeds where they will be
near the air, and fixed them so that they shall be
regularly moist."

Prune shrubs, roses and vines. Those which
flower from young wood, cut in severely to make
new growth vigorous. Tea, China, Bourbon
and Noisette roses are of this class. What are
called annual flowering roses, as Prairie Queen,
and so on, require much of last year's wood to
make a good show of flowers. Hence, with
these, thin out weak wood, and leave all the
stronger.

To make handsome, shapely specimens of
shrubs, cut them now into the forms you want,
and keep them so, by pulling out all shoots that
grow stronger than the others during the summer
season.

The rule for pruning at transplanting is to cut

Automatic Entrance Gate.

days before. The surface is now powdered and
about the thickness of the trowel blade scraped
off. The seed is then sown, the soil drawn back
and beat firmly down on the seed. You see how
near the top we sowed the seed, and how firmly
we beat the soil over it, and we spoke about a
* first principle.' The principle is this : — Seeds
want moisture to make them grow, but they
must also have air— one is an evil without the
other. If deep they get only water, in which
case they rot. If entirely on the surface they
get only air, and then they dry up. ' But, Mr.
Hintsman, why beat the soil so firm ?' Another
principle, dear ladies, lies there. Large spaces in
soil enable the earth to dry out rapidly ; small
spaces, on the other hand, hold water. Crush-
ing earth, when dry, gives it these small spaces,
or as gardeners call it, makes it porous ; and thus

I in proportion to apparent injury to roots. If not
' much worse for removal, cut but little of the

top away. Pruned properly, a good gardener
I will not have the worst case of a badly dug
[ tree to die under his hands. In nursery, where

these matters are well understood, trees " never

die."

Box edgings lay well now. Make the ground

firm and level ; plant deep, with tops not more

than two inches above ground.

Roll the grass well before the softness of a

thaw goes away. It makes all smooth and level.
Hyacinths, Tulips, LiUums, and other hardy

bulbs set out in the fall, and covered through

the winter, should be occasionally examined, and

when they show signs of active growth, must be

uncovered ; in this latitude this is not safe until

towards the end of the month.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

(>!

COMMUNICATIONS.

ROSES.
BY D. M. DUNNING.

Read before the Horticultural Society of Western
New York.

On the subject of roses I shall
confine myself to the hardy yarieties
for garden culture. I regard this
branch of the subject as of great
importance to you gentlemen assem-
bled here who] are engaged in the
nursery business, for I feel that it has
"great possibiHties " for the future,
and is capable of almost indefinite
extension. To grow a rose bush

li

68

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

1 March,

may possibly cost as much as to grow an apple
tree, yet people will willingly pay twice as much
for the rose-bush as for the apple tree, and if the
great beauty as well as the great variety of form
and color which is possessed by hybrid perpetual
roses, together with their comparative ease of
culture, were well understood by all lovers of this
the Queen of Flowers, their introduction would be
largely increased. A generation ago we had only
a few of the old garden roses like Madame Hardy
and George IV, and as they would grow and
flourish without any particular care they were left
pretty much to themselves. Some years later
came the swarms of troublesome insects to attack
our roses, almost completely discouraging every
one from their culture, and on this account more
than any other the introduction of the better
varieties has been slow. Some six years ago the
writer who had for some years previous been mak-
ing an earnest effort to solve the problem of a supply ,
of roses in the garden through the summer by the
culture of the tender varieties and without very
satisfactory results, came across a paper read
before this Society by the late H. B. Eilwanger
on the culture of hardy roses. This paper was a
new revelation, and, encouraged by it, he was in-
duced to go ahead and try, and the result has
been most thoroughly satisfactory ; so much so
that he is willing to venture the assertion that the
most beautiful hybrid perpetual roses, far more
beautiful than any of the tender roses, can be
successfully grown in the greatest profusion by
any true lover of the flower who has a reasonable
amount of energy and perseverance. So much
has been written in the past few years on the care
and culture of hybrid perpetual roses that it is not
the intention of the writer to make this paper a
comprehensive treatise of the subject, but simply
to allude to a few important features which in his
experience he finds are the greatest stumbUng
blocks to the would-be rose growers, and some
features which he has practically found to greatly
contribute to success and interest in the work.

The ravages of injurious insects, which probably
cause more trouble and discouragement than any
other one feature to amateur rose growers, is of
the easiest control. The treatment consists sim-
ply in providing a liberal supply of food
and water so as to promote a strong,
healthy growth under which the insects do not
thrive, and such few of them as do occasionally
appear can safely be ignored. Ignorance in
regard to winter protection is another difficulty
■with beginners. Hybrid perpetual roses should

have some protection during our long cold win-
ters. A simple bending down to the ground is of
the greatest service, and if there they could be
covered with snow it would answer every purpose,
but as we cannot depend on this we should cover
them with evergreen boughs, or corn stalks, or
brush — something that is loose and will not ex-
clude a circulation of air and yet will protect them
from extreme changes of temperature. It is the
lack of a circulation of air, causing dampness and
mould that ruins roses when covered with leaves
or manure. This makes them extremely tender,
in which condition the slightest freezing will
blacken and kill them. A light covering of earth
is good where other material is wanting. In the
spring the covering should not all be removed so
as to expose the tops to the full glare of the sun-
shine, until the frost is well out of the ground.

The subject of pruning is often another trouble-
some feature and is quite apt to be neglected.
When the roses are planted in the beds, be it
either spring or fall, not more than two shoots
should be left to each bush and they should be cut
back to one or two buds each. This is the trying
thing for beginners to do. but it is of the utmost
importance. A friend of the writer said to him a
few weeks ago, "I thought you were going to
plant roses in that bed this fall," and the reply
was, "Yes, they are there, already planted," and it
was necessary to get down very close to the
ground to discover the short stubs just peeping
through the soil.

The writer is often asked during the season of
June flowering about pruning the roses, and the
j questioner will say, "Well, now take for instance
that bed of roses, how much of it will you prune
j away this fall ?" and the reply is, "Every particle
of wood that you see there now will be cut clean
away this fall. The bushes are now giving all
their strength to the production of the roses, but
in a few days strong shoots will start just at the
surface of the ground ; even now you can see an
occasional one, and those shoots will grow up 'way
above these bushes and be left to flower for the
next season. They will be laid down full length
through the winter— full length because they are
handled so much easier in that way — and in the
spring they will be cut back, say from one-half to
two-thirds being removed. The same thing is re-
peated year after year, and that is about all there
is to the pruning of roses."

A great deal of pruning is done during the sea-
son of June flowering in cutting the roses. Hun-
dreds of roses are cut every day and always with

i887.|

AND HORTICULTURIST.

69

stems six or eight inches long, and regardless of
buds. The beds are gone over every morning
and all roses that are past their prime are re-
moved, sometimes at the rate of a bushel a day,
which keeps the beds constantly in a neat and
tidy condition. The cutting of the roses with long
stems causes a new growth to start almost imme-
diately, so that before the June flowering is over
they are budding and flowering again. Of course
the flowers are fewer, and through the hot weather
not nearly as fine, but we always have a scatter-
ing supply, some varieties far excelling others in
this respect.

Other important features in the culture of roses
are, a good location, good soil and drainage, and
an abundance of fertilizing material, and water.

The location should be somewhat sheltered from
cold winds, and open to the morning sun, and the
sunny south, and if partly shaded from the burn-
ing sun of summer afternoons it will be an ad-
vantage.

I plant most of my roses in beds on the lawn,
and for a permanent bed where the plants can
maintain their vigor for years, an excavation
should be made some two feet in depth, and good
drainage provided. Most of the earth removed
can probably be returned, and a liberal mixture
of well-rotted manure should be returned with it.
Hardy roses like a good strong soil, with a mix-
ture of clay, but neither the clay nor the manure,
should come so near the surface as to interfere
with the first planting of the roses.

For this purpose some good garden soil should
be provided or some soil prepared from a compost
of old turf and manure and without any fresh
manure in it. This should be firmly packed about
the roots and then a coat of well-rotted manure
should be applied to the surface.

If in the fall, this serves to keep the ground
from freezing too deep, and if in the spring, it an-
swers for a mulch, and soon becomes, by the fre-
quent stirring of the soil, somewhat incorporated
in It, and the frequent waterings necessary to the
growth of the plants washes down through it.
feeding them just as they like to be fed. A heavy
coat of well-rotted manure should be applied every
fall just before winter sets in. But very few
flowers should be expected the first year; in fact it
would be better to pick off nearly all buds as soon
as they appear, leaving only one or two to flower
on each bush. This will throw the strength of
the plants to a growth of wood for the suc-
ceeding year, and the occasional flowers that
you permit to bloom will be such marvels of

beauty, that your enthusiasm for the work will be
doubled. The true lover of roses delights fully as
much in a good growth of wood, with beautiful
clean foliage, as he does in the production of
flowers, feeling that the one is absolutely essential
to the other.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Manetti Rose Stock.—" Prairie Rose,"
Rochester, N. Y., writes: "I note that you do
not seem favorably disposed towards the Manetti
stock. Roses seem to do very well on them, so
far as I have seen. What is the objection to
them ?"

We do not think we have ever said anything
against the use of the Manetti stock in itself. As
our correspondent finds, so we also have found
roses to do very well on them, as a general thing.
But whatever their real virtue may be, it is found
to be a fact that suchrosesbecome unpopular with
the masses, and there is no profit in growing what
people will not have. The trouble is, that the
leaves are too much like the leaves of the roses.
Suckers come up and the people cannot distinguish
them. The sucker kills the graft and the owner
does not know it. The Manetti lives and the rose
dies. When the rose owner has invited his friends
to come and see his lovely collection of a hundred
roses, only the one poor Manetti rose opens its
buds for the feast. He vows, and all his neigh-
bors vow, never to have a grafted rose again.
And what is the rose seller going to do about it ?
This is the main difficulty that we have found.

In England, however, where they gathered up
the Manetti after their American cousin threw it
over the garden fence, they seem to have other
reasons for hostility to it. A recent Garden says ;

" Of course, as Manetti stocks can be so easily
made and budded, and so quickly form big sal-
able plants, they will die hard, for there is no
denying the Manetti the merit of convenience, but
that is about its only virtue."

Border Flowers.— "C. B.," Hartford, Conn.,
says : " Nowadays we are getting ready to start
seeds for the ' border,' a little early perhaps, but
we can at least lay out, on paper, some kind of a
working plan. Will not some of the readers of
the Monthly give a pleasing design for a border
which will take in a good variety of plants ? "

Flowering OF Cunninghamia Sinensis. — Mr.
James Stewart, of Memphis, Tenn., notes that a
fine specimen of this, some 25 feet high, at Mem-
phis, Tennessee, is showing female flower buds

70

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

freely. We do not know that this lovely conifer-
ous tree has as yet produced cones in American
gardens. It is quite hardy in Philadelphia, where
planted in spots secure from cutting, frosty winds.
And it is a matter of surprise that there is not
more inquiry for it from ornamental planters.

Fruiting of Cydonia Japonica. — Mr. C. B.
Paddock says : "To while away hours of illness, I
have recently read back volumes of the Monthly, j
and would like to call to the attention of Gen. W. i
H. Noble, first, his article on page 355, December
number, 1878, in which he speaks of the discour-
aging length of time he had to wait for the first
bloom of his seedling Cydonia Japonicas. Now, if
he is inclined to try again, turn to page 297, Octo-
ber number, 1882, and note the hedge of same i
only four years old, not merely having bloomed,
but bearing fruit of more than twenty estimated
bushels on the above mentioned hedge, i 50 feet I
in length ; and may we not look for great possi- 1

bilities in the fruit as well as in the bloom of which
the writer of the last mentioned calls attention to,
regarding its great variation from the parent in
color and tint.

" There are other matters I should like to speak
of. One cannot realize how especially of interest
the Gardeners' Monthly is till one tries it, to
read over again the volumes of years agone, and
compare past thoughts and ideas with those cur-
rent to-day."

The New Style of Dahlia. — A correspondent
asks : " Do you know the name of the new Ger-
man Dahlia referred to on page 7, January num-
ber, as mentioned by the Revue Horticolef What
is the name of the firm responsible for it, and can
it be bought in the United States ?"

[We only know what has already appeared. If
any of our French correspondents can further en-
lighten us, the favor would be very acceptable. —
Ed. G. M.l

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

A very successful lady gardener tells us that
any one can grow window flowers if he knows
how to water them— that " all your rules for thi?,
that or the other, do not amount to a row of pins."
Pins! well, bless her dear heart, they are worth ten
cents a paper hereabouts, and that is something.
Our hints are worth at least as much, and more we
think. Still, there is no doubt that a good knowl-
edge of watering is at the bottom of success, and
this is what we have always taught. Water must
run in readily and run out readily. When a plant
is watered, it is a good sign to see it rush out at
once into the saucer through the bottom of the
pot. If it does not do that, something is wrong.
Roots want air as well as water, alternating rapid-
ly with each other. The water drives out the foul
air, and when the water is gone, new and fresh air
takes the place. So that water has a ventilating
duty to perform as well as to actually furnish liq-
uid food for plants. If our dear lady critic were
now at our elbow, we fancy we should hear her
say after reading this, " Well, I don't know any-
thing about air spaces, or ventilating, or anything

I of that kind, but I do know when a plant wants
water, and then it gets it, and it doesn't get water
1 when it doesn't want. You see they do just as
1 well as if I could tell a long story about it," — and
I this is all true. A good shepherd knows his sheep,
I and his shtep know him. But when the stranger
j comes among them, he has to observe that the
[ ears of one are a trifle longer than another, the
I nose of another a trifle sharper, or some slight difif-
erence here and there, before he will know any-
[ thing. Hints are for those who do not know, not
1 for those who do.

Should manure water be given to pot plants ?
I Risking another lesson on practical experience
from our excellent lady gardener, we will again go
into reasons. Plants like rich food. But the rich-
' ness of soil is taken up by the water, and carried
away. Hence the continual waterings leach the
soil, and in time make it very poor. So manure
I water is excellent in a well drained soil. It re-
; stores to the soil in some measure what other wat-
erings have taken away. Yes, use manure water,
I if your plants are making a thrifty growth. Those
[ with fine, delicate foliage do not require much of
it,— coarse-leaved plants, like geraniums and cin-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

erarias, may take a great deal. Guano or the
sweepings of a pen or dove-cote, will do well for
for the purpose.

"How strong must I make it ?" Again our good
lady friend would perhaps want to snatch the pen
from the writer's fingers, and protest that she
knows just how to do it, and never had a hint
from anybody, — and so she does. But the begin-
ners may give it too strong ; that is, may kill the
plants. We can only say, use it so that it colors
the water only to the extent that very thin coffee
would, — and for a beginning with such articles as
we have named, use only as much with the water
as you would of coffee for a fair sized family
breakfast. Belter underdo it at first, until able to

Try lightly at first, and learn by observation just
how much the plants will bear. What is one
man's meat is another man's poison, — so the house-
hold saying goes. • So, with the fair Miss E,, we
agree that there is nothing does a thing so well as
taking right hold and doing it, — and yet we hope
these seasonable hints will not be thrown away.

COMMUNICATIONS.

AN INEXPENSIVE GREENHOUSE.
BY E. C. SWIFT.

There are undoubtedly many who would enjoy
having a small greenhouse, but are prevented on
account of the expense, the main item of which

read flower language well; then, like the lady gar-
dener cited, no one can learn as experience can
teach.

" Shall we use warm water ?" It has never been
found injurious in any case. Many find no ad-
vantage. But cold water keeps back a little the
growth of plants. If warm water be used, they will
flower sooner. Sometimes pot plants suffer from
fungus at the roots, or from insects. Then hot

Interior View

consists in a suitable apparatus for heating ; and
as six years of uninterrupted success with my own
greenhouse, at a merely nominal outlay, has de-
monstrated that it is within the reach of the many,
I give you the result of my plans and experience.
This confidence in the solution of the problem
is confirmed, not only by my own good fortune,
but by the experience of others, who, adopting this
plan, have met with as unqualified success as my-

water is of great service. Water at 150° or even self, therefore it cannot be considered an experi

hotter, will kill fungus and insects, and in no way
injure the roots. Whether plants seem sick or not
they are usually benefited by a dose of hot water.
But again we dread a lecture from Miss Experi-
ence. You may do great injury to some things.

ment.

The building is 11 feet by 25 feet, outside mea-
surement. I put in a foundation 3 feet deep, 12
inches wide, on which the sills, 8x8, are laid in
liquid cement ; upon the sills are placed 2x4 stud-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

ding i6 inches apart, ii feet high in the rear and 3
feet high in front.

Matched sheathing is put on the studding out-
side and inside, leaving an air chamber of 4
inches all around the building. Ov'er the outside
sheathing is placed tarred building paper, and
over this the siding.

Seven rafters of 3x6 dressed hard pine are

which prevents many from having greenhouses —
may have been used before, I have never seen it
spoken of or suggested in any article on the sub-
ject, and I assume the credit of the plan until ad-
vised to the contrary.

It is as follows : In the northwest corner of the
house I dug a pit 4 feet 10 inches by 6 feet, 3 feet
deep, laid up in cement with an 8-inch brick wall
level with the floor, the bottom being
thoroughly grouted to prevent water
seeping in from the outside in the
spring and fall.

In this I placed a first-class hard

coal base-burner stove [s) (I use a

Garland No. 30, but any first-class

stove will answer) and connected an

8 inch square galvanized iron pipe

(y?) to the collar of the stove, the

pipe running on an incline upwards

to the chimney [c] and under the back bench

(Figs. 2 and 3). The chimney has an Sinch

straight flue and extends about 5 feet above the

building.

All with whom I talked at the out-
set feared there would be trouble with
gas leaking from the stove or pipe,
but in no kind of weather have I

FIG. 2

Pit P. Fine Fl. Front Bench i?. Door D. fitove S. Chimney C,
Back Bench B Stoim Porch S. P. Walk W.

placed equi-distant from the plate on the back to
the front, with stops running the whole length for
the upper and lower sash, (Fig. i). making eight
spaces for sash which are set with three rows of
double-thick glass, bedded in white lead, and
with a very narrow lap— not to exceed % of an
inch —to prevent breakage by frost.

The greenhouse faces south and in the east end
is the entrance door,
swinging in and back,
with a storm porch
and door outside [s. p.
Fig. 2).

A bench (/) y/, feet
wide runs the entire
length on the front, and
the same width on the
rear [b) from the edge
of the heating pit (/)
to the east end of the
house, being slanted to
allow the door to swing
back (Fig. 2).

The bottoms of the /lO^RCH^]^ ^^^^ been able to detect the slightest trace of gas,

benches are made of ^iuuffli!^^'^ ^"'^ '" healthfulness the plants uniformly cannot be

common boards, with I >'-^ -^.s^' \ surpassed.

a 6 inch dressed piece The stove consumes about three tons of coal

nailed on the edge, making the benches about 5 ] during the winter (from the last of October to the
inches deep, filled two thirds full of clean sand last of April), and there has never been the slight-
in which the pots are bedded. | est difficulty in keeping up sufficient heat. With

The floor of the walk, (w) 3 feet wide, between the thermometer frequently indicating as low as
the benches, is made of 2-inch strips laid about i ' -25010 -30° I have never had a plant chill, and the
inch apart and nailed to cross pieces (Fig. i), al- temperature generally ranges from 50° to 60° on
lowing dirt and water to fall between. ' the coldest mornings. In extreme weather I have

Athough the heating arrangement— the cost of regulated the stove not later than 11 p. m. and, as

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

73

showing its reliability, I recently fixed the fire at
10.30 p. m., and in the morning at 6.30 the ther-
mometer indicated 57° inside, while it registered
-30° outside. As an additional protection, light
wooden shutters are placed over the lower sash
at night during cold weather.

The size of the pit is immaterial, provided it be
wide enough to accommodate the stove and long
enough to allow a person to open the front doors
and remove the ash pan. The advantage of
bricking up the pit consists in the fact that the
whole surface becomes thoroughly heated and
radiates its heat when the stove cools off towards
morning — independent of the necessity of keep,
ing out water.

By having the pipe run under the back bench, I
get sufficient bottom there for starting cuttings of

exclusive of stove and brick-work, which brought
the entire original expense to about $260.

Pots and soil are kept under the front bench.
The house will hold from 600 to 1000 plants ac-
cording to size. I generally have from 700 to
800. This number can be taken care of as a
pleasure and recreation ; more might become a
burden.

The stove would heat a house at least ten feet
longer, and the idea has been suggested of build-
ing a span roof, altering the inside arrangement to
correspond, having a centre bench and two nar-
rower side benches. This plan might be fol-
lowed when it is desired to plant roses, etc., on
the centre bench, and have a more pretentious
greenhouse.

I feel confident that any lover of flowers can
indulge his tastes inexpensively with this kind of a
house, and it can easily be made to pay running
expenses by the sale of flowers and plants if de-
sired.

The engraving (Fig. i) shows a view of about
three-fourths of the interior and was taken the
middle of last February.

Ottawa, III., January ig, 1887.

PITCHER PLANTS.

BY GEO. W. OLIVER.

FIG. 4. End View.

all kinds, and on the bench keep callas, tea roses,
salvias, amaryllis, and plants that require consid-
erable heat, and by placing a triangular bench
over the pit (Fig. i) I have been enabled to
successfully keep some varieties of stove plants.
Oil the front bench I keep primroses, carnations,
cyclamens, arbutilons, geraniums and plants that
thrive well with less heat. The space around the
pit also affords an excellent place for starting
seeds. Brackets and shelves on the rear wall
furnish a place where cactuses luxuriate.

The galvanized iron pipe will have to be renew-
ed once in four or five years, but aside from
painting, coal and an occasional pane of glass,
there is but little, if any, expense.

The contract price of the greenhouse was $180,

Amongst the recent additions to the Nepenthes
family, N. bicalcarata is especially worthy of no-
tice. It was discovered in Borneo and brought to
England by Mr. Burbidge of the Trinity College
Botanical Garden, Dublin. The most casual ob-
server may see that this species stands quite
unique amongst the numerous members of the
genus. The most prominent deviation from the
orthodox form, is seen in the two spurs or horns
which spring from the underside of the lid, project-
ing downwards into the pitcher. These spurs are
sharp pointed and are doubtless intended to detain
the unfortunate adventurers who may chance to
visit the cavity of the pitcher in search of food.
There is comparatively little known of the life-his-
tory of this interesting plant, but we are told that
instead of the usual diet of the various kinds of in-
sects, it aspires to much more substantial game
in the shape of rats and mice.

TV. Mastersianus is in some respects the most
satisfactory of the garden hybrids. It is a cross
between sanguinea and the old distillatoria, pro-
ducing a pleasing combination of the character-
istics of both of these fine species. The color-
ing inclines to sanguinea, while the shape is near-

74

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

est distillatoria. It has the merit of pitchering rap- be a low, span-roofed structure, running north and
idly ; unless the plant receives a check of some south, the stages should be narrow slabs of slate or
kind, there is a pitcher to every leaf ; the habit is stone laid one and a half inches apart. The sides
compact and uniform ; the plant requires no extra ] should be boxed in so as to hold sphagnum moss
care to keep it in robust health. The texture of, to the depth of six inches. In this moss we plunge
the pitchers is thin and flabby, consequently, the young plants, whether seedlings or rooted cut-
should the interior of its capacious urn become j tings, until large enoughjto be put into baskets or
dried up, it immediately begins to shrivel and de- , hanging pots as desired,
cay. To avoid this a very moist atmosphere is i The various species^and varieties of Nepenthes

necessary to grow it m.
Mastersianus should not
be allowed to grow taller
than 6 or 8 inches, as
over that height the
distances between the
leaves on the stem be-
come greater and the
size of the pitchers cor-
respondingly less.

N. Rajah.— The pitch-
ers of this species are
said to attain the length
of 1 2 inches and 6 inches
in breadth, but only in its
native haunts (see Vol.
24, p. 3 1 8 ) ; for, so far as I
am aware, the seedlings
sent out a few years ago
have absolutely refused
to respond to the care
and attention bestowed
upon them in anything
like a satisfactory man-
ner. I had two of them
under my care for three
years, and notwith-
standing the best of
treatment, they reward-
ed me with only three
very small leaves during
that period. Changes
of situation and tem-
perature were ahke of no avail, and it was with
some degree of consolation that I learned of
other people's experience with it being similar

As these curious plants are yearly becoming
more popular, a few remarks on their culture may
prove to be of some service. In their native hab-
itats— in close proximity to the equatorial belt —
they luxuriate in the shade of trees among decay-
ing vegetation, and are essentially moisture-loving
plants, requiring at all seasons a high temperature,
consequently they thrive best in a house specially
constructed to suit their requirements. This should

are propagated by cut-
tings, new kinds being
raised from seed ; they
are unisexual, and when
two distinct kinds are
crossed, there is no end
to the diversity in form
and color in their pro-
geny. There are vari-
ous methods employed
in rooting the cuttings,
such as the old-fashion-
ed method of mossing
and placing under a
bell glass, when 20 or 30
per cent, rooted would
be considered a success.
The method practiced
here is to push the lower
part of the cutting
through the hole of an
inverted 3-inch pot and
plunging it in sphagnum
in the hottest part of the
house, covering them
with glass ; in a short
time every cutting will
root. The material used
for potting or basketing
is of vital importance.
It should consist of one-
third very fibrous peat,
one-third fresh chopped
remainder coarse-grained
sand, roughly broken charcoal, and potsherds.
In repotting old plants great care should be
exercised in removing the decayed vegetable
matter from the roots, as they are very tender
and brittle. In order to accomplish this sue.
cessfully, a small tub filled with tepid water is
useful, in which to immerse the roots, at the
same time using the fingers carefully to disen-
gage the decayed compost ; or, if the plants are
held above the tub, a fine spray syringe may be
used on them with advantage. Let them be pot-

Nepenthes Rafflesiana.

sphagnum, and

the

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

75

ted before their roots become in the least dry, and
afterwards thoroughly saturate with tepid water,
shading heavily for a week or two after, and
watering overhead only with a fine spray syringe.
U. S. Bot. Garden, Washington, D. C.
[We give with this excellent sketch, a cut of one
of the older and best known species, for which we
are indebted to the kindness of Mr. Blanc, in or-
der that those who have not had the opportunity
of seeing these curious plants may judge of their
singular appearance. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Fuchsia, Frau Emma Topfer. — Mr. Pills-
bury says that this beautiful double white Fuchsia
is often grown under the name of Storm King.

Heliotrope, Queen of the Violets.— This
is a deep violet purple, with a white eye, and not
only rather new, but distinct.

A Carnation Worm. — Carnation growers are
troubled by " something that eats the flower buds
at night — they do not know what." Mr. Henry
Woltemate, a florist of Germantown, watching his
plants by night, has detected the marauders.
They are the common variegated cut worm,
(larvae of Agrotis Saucia.) Professor Riley says.
They go down again to the earth by daylight. A
little care in hunting for them about the roots of
the plant will soon rid a carnation house of their
presence. As they are nearly y^ inch long and
proportionately thick, they are easily seen.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The Violet Fungus. — A Long Island corre-
spondent asks: "Have any readers of the Month-
ly been successful in procuring any remedy for
what is known as the violet disease ? I am in-
formed that it is impossible to grow violets in
many places on account of it, and as my plants are
commencing to be affected, I wish to know if any-
thing can be applied as a prevention or remedy."

Natural Gas. — A Meadville, Pa., correspond-
ent says: "We have had a real old-fashioned
winter here, with plenty of snow and nearly two
months of good sleighing. Mercury occasionally
from 1 4° to 1 6^ below zero, which will make,
possibly, our peach crop a dubious one. Our city
has now the benefit of natural gas, which has no
sparks like wood and requires no replenishing like
coal; and so our houses keep warm all the time.
A good deal of evaporation of water, however, is

required to keep the air in good condition for the
lungs. A nice invention, self acting, called a 'cut
off' is inserted in the admission pipes in the cellar,
which, in case of any temporary suspension of the
flow of gas from the main street pipes, shuts off all
communication with the main pipes. So, there is no
danger of any influx of gas except when it is
desirable to have it. Two or three varieties of
these 'cut offs' have been invented and patented
in our city. The most simple ones I have seen
are by the firm of Hazlett & Co."

Chrysanthemum Culture.— "Mrs. J. G. M.,"
Buffalo, N. Y., writes : "Some months ago, during
the discussion about Latin and common names for
plants in your magazine, you printed a paragraph
telling how a German objected to an English name
(a particular name m EngUsh) and thought one in
his own language, a perfect jaw-breaker, much
easier for every one. I meant to find that para-
graph and have hunted in vain through the index,
and afterwards through last year's twelve numbers
page by page. Can you tell me how to find it ?
While I was hunting in this toilsome way for what
I especially sought, I came continually across
some note that was likely soon to be useful to me
in getting my garden ready for another summer.
And I thought, 'I will turn down the corner of each
leaf that I shall soon want to refer to, and then the
outer corner of the magazine that contains it, so
that I need not go all through the twelve numbers
again to find what I want.' When I had gotten to
the end of the year I gathered up all the numbers
and behold, of all the twelve there was not one
that did not have its corner turned over. Could I
offer a better testimony to the value and constant
helpfulness of the Monthly? The only fault I
have to find with it is, that it sets me wild to do so
much more than I possibly can, with little room,
little time, and less strength, and the necessity of
doing nearly everything myself. But I do grow
many lovely flowers, and I just wish you could
have seen my Chrysanthemums (pot grown) last
fall ! I was proud of them. I have seen many
not so fine in exhibitions. I am ambitious to grow
some single stemmed plants next year, and should
rejoice, with a contributor to the February number,
if you could give us detailed and explicit directions
for their management soon."

[We hope, at no distant time, to give an essay
on Chrysanthemum culture. An excellent essay
recently appeared in the Transactions of the Mas-
sachusetts Horticultural Society, which will do
much to answer inquiries and to help the inquirers.

1^

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

It may be here noted that the German expres-
sions, as recently given by correspondents, were
not accurately rendered into English, as no doubt
our German readers noted, — but this fact was lost
sight of at the moment in the point to be illustrat-
ed, that a "common" name of a plant, easy
enough in one language, is as "uncommon" as a
botanical name in Latin to the native of another
country, A "hard name" is, after all, only another
term for an uncommon name. The ladies — Heav.
en bless them ! — soon learn the uncouth names of
foreign laces and dress materials, French soups
and Russian dishes, and they could as easily
learn botanical names, if the dear creatures would
only try.— Ed. G. M.]

An Insect on Chrysanthemum frutescens.
— A. New London correspondent says : " I send
by this mail to your address, a box containing
leaves of Paris Daisy, which have b°en tunneled
on the upper surface by an insect which you will
find transformed in its tunnels on the leaf. I did
not see it in the grub state. It is new here, the
men had shifted the plants without noticing it, and
in passing I thought at first that they had soiled
the leaves with damp soil. It had wisely, for its
own advantage, chosen the fleshy leaves on the
young plants— old plants with small leaves are
not much injured. I have picked every infected
leaf and had it burned, hoping to stamp it out-
keeping a few under a bell glass to find out what
the perfect insect is. I have seen similar tunnels
sparingly on cinerarias long ago, and at times on
broad-leaved plants in the open air, but the runs
were larger than those ; possibly this is a smaller
species of the same family."

[Prof. Riley considers them a dipterous leaf-
miner of the genus Oscinis. But we have since
observed that the insect has been noticed in Eu-
rope on these plants. It is probably introduced
here from the Old World.— Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse Heating. — Mr. I. C. Wood,
Fishkill, N. Y., says: "The article in February
number, by Mr. Hippard, on ' Greenhouse Boil-
ers ' has no doubt been read by many interested
in heating greenhouses, etc.. especially by steam.
He speaks of the boiler being economical in
fuel, etc., which is really a very important item
nowadays, especially so in this section, owing to
high price of same. Now, would it not be well
for Mr. H. as well as others, to give figures, as
near as possible, of the quantity of coal consumed,
kinds, sizes, etc., say for December and January ?
We put up a range of glass the past summer,
about 24,000 feet, or about as much again as Mr.

H., and put in two upright tubular boilers set so as
to work them jointly when needed, and have been
working so for the past two months. We main-
tain a night temperature of 54° to 58° ; the houses
are new and tight, but the situation is very ex-
posed from all sides; the temperature for Decem-
ber and January averaged very low, especially so
for December, lower than for several years, though
not so extreme as at other periods for short times;
the lowest here was 8^ below zero. We use Pitts-
ton coal, grate size, which costs us on cars at our
station, $4.50 per gross ton, and we consumed for
the two months, December and January, about
50 tons gross, or a total expense for coal of $225 ;
it cost us to put it in bins about 30 cents per ton.
Will others give their actual experience so we can
better judge as to economy of boiler, etc ? "

The Montgomery County Rose Disease. —
In our last the receipt vas noted of rose plants
ftom Montgomery county, in which the leaves
were all " blighted " as if by some fungus, while
the roots were all granulated as in the case of
grapevine roots attacked by Phylloxera. But on
cutting open we could find no trace 0I insect
larvae. Supposing it might be the result of fungus,
the specimens were sent to Prof. Farlow, who re-
ports he finds no- fungus, but believes the swell-
ings to be galls caused by the deposit of the eggs
of some nematoid worm. The Editor suggested
to Prof. F. that possibly it might be the work of a
myxomycetous fungus, such as causes club-root
in the cabbage, and which seems to be considered
the cause of some such swellings in rose roots in
the Old World. Prof. F. remarks on this : " I
should hardly think the swelling could be attri-
buted to any myxomycete, if so it must be differ-
ent from that which causes club-root "

We can hardly give our correspondent any ad-
vice in his serious trouble until it is decided what
is working on the roots. Let him cut some of the
swellings open from time to time, and see if insect
life develop therein. A good pocket lens will de-
termine this.

The hint, however, should not be lost on rose
growers. When planting out roses, examine care-
fully to see if these swellings aie on the roots,
and plant nothing that presents signs of their ex-
istence.

Begonia semperflorens gigantea rosea. —
Under this name we have from C. H. Murphy
flowers of a very beautiful Begonia. They are in
dense forked cymes, and of a bright vermilion rose
color. It is remarkable that in the nine stalks of
flowers, there is not one female flower among them.

18870

AND HORTICULTURIST.

n

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

When preparing hints for the flower and pleas-
ure grounds, something whispers to us to say every-
thing possible in favor of the birds. Undoubtedly
these lovely creatures give a double pleasure to
that which the garden itself would afford. But
when we come to the fruit and vegetable garden,
we should meet with a direful storm if we said
much in favor of birds. Of what consequence is
the cheerful spring chirp of the English sparrow,
if before the spring is over he takes all your peas
away ? Suppose we admit that the robin lives on
the earth-worm and similar things in early spring,
what if he leave you never a cherry on your tree ?
Asa lover of nature we sing praises to birds. As
a fruit grower and orchardist, it is not easy to de-
cide what song to sing. In the old world, cherry
and other fruit growers have to depend on fishing-
nets over the trees, unless on a very large scale,
when dependence is had on boys with clacquers^
to drive them away.

In vegetable growing, deep, rich soil, now so
generally condemned for fruit gardens, is of the
first importance here. Soil cannot be too rich or
too deep, if we would have good vegetables. It
is, indeed, remarkable, that in many respects we
have to go very differently to work to get good
fruits than we have to perfect vegetables. While,
for instance, we have to get sunlight to give
the best richness to our fruits, our vegetables
are usually best when blanched or kept from
the light. So also, as we keep the roots as near
the surface as we can in order to favor the
woody tissues in trees, we like to let them go
deep in vegetables, because this favors succu-
lence.

Where new Asparagus beds are to be made,
now is the time ; the ground should be rather
moist than dry, and be trenched about two feet
deep, mixing in with it a good quantity of stable
dung, and, if the ground be inclining to sand, add
some salt ; the beds should be marked out four
feet wide, and the alleys about two feet. If pegs
are driven down at the corners of the beds perma-
nently, they will assist operations in future years.
Having marked the positions of the beds and pro-
cured a stock of two-year-old plants, place them
on the soil nine inches apart in rows, one foot

1 asunder, making three rows in each bed ; then cov-
er the whole with soil from the alleys and rich
I compost a couple of inches.

I In a general way no hints can be given that are

I applicable to the whole United States, as to times

j to sow or plant garden seeds. Everybody knows

j that the sooner after frost is gone, and ground be-

I comes dry enough to work, the hardier kinds of

vegetables must be ^own, and the more tender ones

not set till the ground becomes settled and warm.

1 Nothing is gained by setting things of the tender

kind out early, for, though frost may not catch

them, they become stunted, and later ones will

catch up and outdistance them.

COMMUNICATIONS.

BLACKMAN PLUM AS A STOCK FOR THE

PEACH.

BY CASPER HILLER.

Instead of dropping the Blackman plum from
nursery catalogues and burn the stock on hand, as
suggested by H. E. Van Deman, Pomologist, Agri-
cultural Department, why not use it for stocks for
plum or peach ? Its remarkable vigor no doubt
would make it a desirable stock for peaches.
These would be very nearly borer proof, and from
experiments made, perhaps " yellows " proof.

H. M. Engle, of Marietta, Pa., one of our most
progressive fruit growers, has been experimenting
on this Hne for several years past. He inserted
buds, unmistakably infected with yellows into the
Blackman, and they came forth perfectly healthy.
His experiments are too few and recent to settle
the question, but they are of such importance as
to warrant others to continue them.

As the Blackman produces little or no fruit, we
have to utilize it as a stock, by first working it on
other plum stocks. These, if set deep, will soon
form roots from the Blackman, and make good
plants.

But we now have a promise of a more conve-
nient stock grown from cuttings. Mr. McLendon,
of Thomasville, Ga., claims to have grown from
cuttings planted 1 5th last March, stocks from 3 to
8 feet high. He desires to be furnished with the
cuttings (he paying the freight) and agrees to de-
liver all that grow at ^5.00 a hundred. The price

78

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

is too high for general peach budding, but for car-
rying out experiments it would be endurable. If
peaches would thrive on these plum stocks, they
would be desirable, even if they were not yellows
proof.

The yellows I think would not enter the plum
roots, and if so our soil would remain clean. The
roots of dead peach trees are so full of the yellows
that in spite of all our knowledge of plant foods,
nitrogen, potash, phosphoric acid, magnesia, lime,
&c., we cannot successfully raise a young or-
chard among the stumps of an old one.

Cones toga, Pa.

[Mr, Hiller's suggestion we regard as well
worthy the attention of peach growers. We have
for years had not the slightest doubt but that the
disease known as the yellows comes primarily
from the attack of a fungus,— the mycehum of a
species of Agaric, on the roots of the peach. This
fungus starts on dead or half-dead wood, and then
spreads to the roots that are healthy. In some
form, not clear to the writer, it enters the structure
of the tree, and possibly originates the minuter
fungus organisms found by Prof, Thomas Taylor,
and other investigators, in the wood of the diseased
tree. In like manner it possibly changes physio-
logical action, so as to account for the lack of min-
eral elements found by Prof. Penhallow in diseased
structure. Be all this as it may, no peach tree
shows this disease till after the fungus mycelium
has attacked the roots.

Now if it can be shown that this fungus does not
care to attack plum roots— and we believe the evi-
dence tends to favor Mr. Hiller's views in this re-
spect—it will pay the peach grower, even at $5 per
hundred for the stocks, to have the trees on plum
roots. But if we can once get a fair demand for
the stock, even though it has to be propagated
from cuttings, layers or root cuttings, means will be
found to produce them cheaply. A peach tree
that is warranted free from attacks of the yellows
and will continue in bearing for a quarter of a
century, will be well worth ten-fold more than the
ordinary tree, with its short life and great risks. —
Ed. G. M.]

THE PRODUCTION OF PEARS AND AP-
PLES FROM SEED.
BY D, W. LOTHROP, WEST MEDFORD, MASS,

About twenty-five years ago I commenced to
plant the seed of a few of the best pears, in hopes
of raising some good and acceptable varieties.
Whether or not I have been successful, I shall

not at present attempt to decide — wishing to show
more particularly the physiological influences at
work in their varied production, whether the fruit
be good or bad. To me — a mere amateur culti-
vator— the subject has been very interesting, at
times fascinating. It required much patience ;
but I endeavored to forget the previous seedlings
(when well started or grafted on good stocks) by
my interest in planting new. It requires from
about five to fifteen years for their production of
fruit from the seed ; usually they bear near the
tenth. One graft, which bore this year for the first
time, is twenty years old, though in its course it
has met with some accidents and neglect.

Position of Garden. — High and dry land being
the best for the natural development of the pear,
as well as of other fruit, I should prefer such a
position not only for the growing of the seed to be
planted, but of its fruit as it progresses. A gen-
tleman near Boston, whose garden was low and
his soil clayey and cold, raised a considerable
number of fairly grown seedling pears, but they
were mostly acid or insipid. My garden is high
and warm ; but in regard to such a necessity I do
not pretend to speak with the utmost confidence.

Preparation of 5^*?^^.- Seeds openly planted in
the autumn and left unprotected in this latitude,
will perish. I have always planted in pots or
boxes, and placed in the cellar on a shelf, where
mice will not exhume them, and in the early
spring started them in a cold room behind a
sunny window. As summer advances I place
them out of doors, sunk in the earth. In the
autumn, remove them to the cellar. They will
then be from 5 to 10 inches in height. The
boxes, or divisions of boxes, should be labeled to
mark the different seeds, and this for obvious rea-
sons. I use the well developed seed from the
best specimens of well ripened or decayed fruit,
planting immediately, and reject knotty speci-
mens, as I fear the imperfection may be propa-
gated.

Treatment of Young Seedlings. — After one
year's growth in pots or boxes, I set them out in a
row about 2 feet apart, protecting them in the
autumn. After another year's growth I select
those that are the most vigorous and promising
and work them on to natural stocks. Sometimes
I take scions from those of only one year's
growth, when they show good points. Dr. Van
Mons, as is well known, used no cuttings from his
seedlings, but kept them on their own roots, and
encouraged their bearing by transplanting them
every two years. I prefer to graft into advanced

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

79

stocks — sometimes several on one tree — and earlier
fruiting is the result. When 1 first began to in-
terest myself in raising seedlings, I was willing
that scions should grow slowly, as I regarded it as
favorable to the development of fruit-buds. Hence
I worked some on quince stocks. But I was not
long in finding out that they needed, at least a
few years of strong, healthy growth, to give them
necessary body. One would naturally suppose
that the first fruit-buds would appear on the older
wood ; and Mr. Field, in his book oh Pears, states
It as a truth. But the first fruiting of seedlings is
usually high up on the later growths of wood. As
to the influence of ringing, twisting, bending or
pruning of the young seedlings, or grafts from
them, to induce early fruiting, I have not met with
success — in all cases the branches bearing first
having never been touched. In the fruiting of
seedlings, it seems to be more a matter of age
rather than facilities or conditions, varying in dif-
ferent varieties ; yet I would not deny that where
they are growing rapidly on their own roots, or
otherwise, some check would be favorable. But
some (if not many) stocks are naturally slow
growers, though not a few botanists believe that
cross-fertilization most generally gives increased
vigor.

Prognostics. — A small, round, thin leaf is un-
mistakable evidence of a pear not much removed
from the wild type, and is rarely, if ever, produced
from the common seeds of the garden, A long,
soft leaf, as well as a large and broader one, is
favorable — the darker the better. But they do
not possess certain indications of character, for I
have noticed the Black Worcester shows a leaf
nearly, if not quite, as handsome as the Bartlett,
Long-jointed branches are favorable. The color
of the new wood is some indication of the color
of the fruit. The Winter Nelis is darker than the
Bartlett, the Sheldon than the Anjou.

Results of Cross Fertilization. — What these are,
of course no one can tell, as the influences of
mixed pollen on the germen, together with con-
stitutional or spontaneous forces and complica-
tions, are almost endlessly diversified, I have
noticed, however, in the seedUngs which I have
raised from seed accidentally impregnated, that the
female parent almost universally transmits its own
size, and usually its shape and color. Quality and
season, I am impressed, come more frequently
from the extraneous impregnating variety than
do other points of resemblance. The first seed-
ling pear I raised was from the Bartlett, and in
about eight years a pear was produced in size.

! shape and color of the female parent ; but, while
melting, it was exceedingly sour. As I took the
j seed from my own garden, in which I had no such
acid pear, and knew of none m the neighborhood,
whence came its acidity ? Was the seed self-
fertilized only, and the sourness a constitutional
or spontaneous tendency to degenerate ? So it
would seem ; and hence we cannot say that, with
such a tendency, we are sure of a true union of
two pears when perchance the seed is equally
fertilized by both. Aside from ordinary combina-
tions, there seems to be frequently at work a force
or influence we cannot account for, and it is gen-
: erally for the worse, A pear raised from the
I Anjou also nearly produced itself, excepting the
power to ripen. Only rarely late in the spring
I could one be made edible — they ultimately perish-
ing with black rot. How comes this peculiarity ?
A singular variety came from the Clairgeau, In
close contiguity to where the tree grew was the
Comice. I flattered my patience with the hope
I that the latter might have fertilized the seed of the
I former, and thus give me a fine-flavored, large
i pear. In seven years specimens were produced,
I rather small at first, but they afterwards increased
in size, and became as large as the Comice and
similar in shape, though earlier ; were yellow,
frequently with a blush, quite acid, and rotted
badly on the tree, I could not discover a trace of
j the female parent in it. Though large and hand-
I some, it was worthless. Believing that the seed
of a small pear will almost invariably produce a
small pear, and that of a large pear a large one
(as virtually stated above), from a Dana's Honey
I felt almost certain of a small fruit. So it proved,
as it bore three the present year. The size is
about as large and the color the same as the fe-
male parent, though shouldered like the Duchesse.
! They blew off before being matured, but the in-
dications as to quality are not very favorable,
j Seedlings from the Catherine and the BufTum
j have shown the size, shape and color of their
female parents— the former almost a reproduction
of the parent, even to flavor, A seedling from a
[ medium-sized Comice, from a lot presented by a
friend, showed a fruit of about its size and color,
but a little more pyriform, and a little later in sea-
son. The tree has a peculiar and distinct leaf,
being wavy, long and dark green. From the
Duchesse I produced a large yellowish fruit,
though entirely worthless. But I pass to

Seedling Apples. — The apple seems to be gov-
erned by the same general physiological laws re-
garding reproduction, as the pear. From my own

8o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

experience, the female parent gives size, shape
and color to its progeny, — season and quality being
more likely to be affected by extraneous fertiliza-
tion. A Garden Royal produced its size, shape
and color, but was acid and a winter fruit. A Red
Astrachan became evidently crossed with the
Baldwin, being large, well colored, but firmer, and
two months later than the Astrachan, with the lat-
ter's flavor. The same can be said of a product
of the Williams, which probably became influenced
by the Baldwin, so far as to make it a winter or
late autumn fruit. The Ladies' Sweeting repro-
duced itself, and was probably an instance of pure-
ly cross-fertihzation. Others I have raised, which
need, perhaps, no special notice.

Speaking generally, from my own experience, I
think the female parent has the greater influence
on the progeny, though this may not always come
from the degree of its self-fertilization, but from
other inherent forces before alluded to. Still, the
opinion seems somewhat hazardous, for a few years
ago, Mr. Cox, of California, exhibited on the tables
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society some-
thing hke a dozen different seedling pears, all said
to be raised from the seed of the Belle Lucrative.
Only one resembled the parent, while a number of
well-known varieties were represented in a marked
degree.

On this complicated subject I take the liberty of
observing, that in artificial impregnation, the pre-
sumption is that we get a union of two varieties,
that of the one impregnated and the other that fer-
tilizes. But if the anthers of the female plant are
clipped out, to avoid self-fertilization, the product
would be no cross, but only partake of the charac-
ter of the male parent — unless some uncertain, in-
nate power of the other parent exerted itself.
The latter not existing, a Bartlett seed ferti-
lized by the Seckel pollen would produce merely
a Seckel.

In his " Darwiniana," Prof. Asa Gray observes
that the causes of variation are not known. Is
this assertion consistent with a belief in the sexu-
ality of plants ? Does close or cross-fertihzation
give no character to the progeny, but simply vital-
ize the seed ?

GLANDS ON THE PLUM.

BY H. E. VAN DEMAN.

When I saw the article I wrote in print in the
last number of Gardeners' Monthly, regarding
the Blackman plum, I noticed that I did not say
just what I wanted to say. It was my intention to

say that the glands on this hybrid variety or mule
are much more prominent than on any species of
plum with which I am acquainted, but the reader
would clearly infer from what I then said that
glands do never occur on any plum. We know
this to be different, for there is a slight development
of glands on several species of Prunus and one in
particular (Prunus glandulosa), found in south-
western Texas, has quite distinct glands all around
the margin of every leaf but not upon the petiole
in a prominent degree.

We will try to carefully experiment on the
crossing of Amygdalus and Prunus this year.
Perhaps we are not certain just how variations do
occur and may often be the result of the work of
some stray pollen carried by bees, and is thought
to be variation induced by the variety within
itself. Really, as I see it, we have very little
positive knowledge on this subject except in the
animal kingdom. There we know hybridization
and sterility are quite closely connected, and that
sterility is far more likely to occur in mules than
in those cases in which species are not crossed.
Pomologtst U. S. Department of Agriculture.

[Mr. Van Deman gives the view of sterility in
hybrids, as the view generally prevails. It is,
however, a popular error, and has arisen from the
fact that the hybrid between the horse and the ass
does happen to be almost always sterile. Mr. Dar-
win has occasionally been quoted as authority for
this sterile view of hybrids in general, but in a letter
to the writer of this but a couple of years before his
death, he utterly repudiated such a view, and
stated that he was even then preparing a paper to
show how very fertile some hybrid geese were. —
Ed. G. M.]

CHINESE QUINCE.

BY MAX.

This fruit is doing remarkably well in tide-water
Virginia. For three years past it has borne heavy
crops, falling little short of the Orange and Angers
varieties in quality, while in size and perfectness
of fruit it entirely overshadows them. Mr. C. R.
Moore, of Northampton county, in this state, sent
to the Agricultural Department at Washington, a
specimen weighing 4 pounds, and the writer
saw a barrel of them, grown in the same county,
the smallest of which weighed i}^ pounds, while
the average was over 2 pounds. The fruit was
free from specks or knots, and were kept in good
condition until Christmas. How much longer
they would have continued in good order is un-

[887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

8i

known, as the housekeeper claimed them for
sweetmeats. The tree is alm.ost an evergreen in
this latitude, retaining its foliage until December,
and gives no sign of fungus of any kind.

Whether the seasons are sufficiently long to ma-
ture the fruit in more northern localities, is doubt-
ful. Can you, or your readers, give information
on this point ? It is undoubtedly a great acquisi-
tion for southern territory.

I think with you that it would make. a good
stock for pear, but have never tried it.

Richmond, Va., Jan'y ii, i88y.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Canning Fruits and Vegetables. — At a re-
cent meeting of the Summit Co. (Ohio) Horticul-
tural Society, Mrs. Claypole said she had used
cotton and found that it had excluded the spores
of the yeast fungus and consequently no fermen-
tation could take place, but smaller spores of other
fungi got in and caused the fruit to lose its flavor.
The cotton was dried in the oven and cut into
rings to use in the place of rubber. It must not
be allowed to get moist, even from the liquid in
the can. The rubber ring is the weak spot in can-
ning. In ten or twelve months it loses its elasticity
and soon after ceases to be a sure protection. Wax
is perfectly safe to use. To open the can, lay a coal
on the cover a few moments.

New Fruits. — Nearly every catalogue that
comes to hand, or serial of any kind published,
has a sketch or description of some new fruit or
other, until the whole science of pomology ap-
proaches unutterable confusion. It is time, we
think, that some standard should be raised, to
which all new claimants should be compelled to
conform, and the American Pomological Society
could do no better service than attempt something
of the kind. Florists have to do it. They estab-
lish a standard of excellence, and all the claim-
ants that fall short are rapidly dropped. The
efforts referred to by Mr. Veitch, in regard to
the chrysanthemum, should be carried into fruits
as well.

Fruit in Indiana. — The money loss in a bad
fruit year, such as 1879 for instance, according to
Professor Throop, of Lafayette, was $100,000.

Kieffer Pear. — W^e had recently a pear of
this variety sent to us, which was truly delicious.
It reminded one of the luscious specimens Mr.
Kieffer himself sends out. This was raised on a
quince stock. This would indicate that very lux-

uriant growth may have something to do with the
inferior quality of which so many have reason to
complain ; and perhaps some of the credit Mr.
Kieffer receives for the splendid fruit he produces
may be due to the fact that they come from the
old trees which have lost their early vigor of
growth.

It has come to be considered that the Kieffer
does not do well on the quince stock, and we be-
lieve this idea is well founded. Has any one
tried it by double working ? In the days when
every one was enthusiastic in dwarf pear culture,
it was found that a number of varieties did not do
well on the quince... But this dif^culty was obvi-
ated by grafting some kind on the quince which
had no objection to that union, and then grafting
the more fastidious sort on that. We have an idea
that this would be very desirable in this case, and
by this sort of management fruit be produced as
commendable for exquisite flavor as the specimen
before us.

Moore's Diamond Grape, as illustrated in the
Horticultural Art Journal, has medium sized
golden berries, but a very large and rather compact
bunch. The bunch is about eight inches long by
five wide, and the berries three-quarters of an
inch. It is a cross between lona and Concord,
raised by Mr. Jacob Moore, who also raised the
well-known and popular Brighton.

French Breakfast Radishes. — These seem
to be a very early and excellent variety. Mr. W.
W. Ransom had some on exhibition at the meeting
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on the
8th of January, which speaks largely in their
favor.

The Danvers Yellow Onion. — This onion,
introduced to American growers in 1849 or 1850,
is just coming to be appreciated in European
gardens.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Fine Crops of Sweet Potatoes. — A corre-
spondent tells the American Garden that from
four hundred to six hundred bushels per acre is the
good crop of sweet potatoes in some parts of Ken-
tucky.

A Fine Mushroom.— With a beautiful speci-
men, Mr. John CuUen, gardener to E. P. Wilbur,
Esq., of South Bethlehem, writes : "I have for-
warded by mail to-day one mushroom, cut on
Sunday morning, weighing when cut 13 ounces;

82

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

grown in the mushroom-beds of Mr. E. P. Wilbur,
President of Lehigh Valley R. R., South Bethle-
hem, Pa. Please let me know by mail what you
think of it, and if worthy, make a note of it in
Gardeners' Monthly. I cut mushrooms daily
similar to one sent from the beds that it was
grown in."

[The weight is correctly given, and it measured

nine inches across. We never saw a larger or
finer specimen in a cultivated state. In 1871 the
writer gathered one on the volcanic soil that
covered the buried forest in South Park, Colorado,
that was ten inches across. This is the largest one
the Editor has any note of. It was not eaten, but
was undoubtedly a true specimen of the common
edible mushroom. — Ed. G. M.l

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY T. BENNETT.

In Number 337, page 19, of the Gardeners'
Monthly, Mr. Thomas Bassler, of Geuda Springs,
Kansas, takfes exception to the hint given in my
sketch of the Adirondacks, in Number 335, as to the
use and utility of growing trees there, and thinks
the scheme impracticable.

I spoke chiefly in favor of the Sugar Maple. He
thinks if the Government would establish nurseries
in Kansas of trees adapted to that part of the
country, it would be much better than hauling
them there from the East. He is perfectly right in
that, and I could wish every success to the
undertaking, especially if they can be grown there
as easily and cheaply as they can be grown here.
But he says, "the Sugar Maple does not grow well
or has not adapted itself to the climate of Kansas,"
—and on the whole he does not consider it a safe
tree to plant in this country. He jumps at a very
sweeping conclusion in this— in lace of the fact
that it is so extensively cultivated as a shade tree,
and is already producing one-twelfth of all the
sugar made in these United States. As to ship-
ping long distances there is some show of reason
in that, even with our rapid system of overland
railroads, but he must recollect that nearly all our
nursery stock has to be shipped near or far, and
for several years we have been importing and
shipping trees, etc., from Europe over the great
Atlantic. But the objection about careless hand-
ling on the part of the settler is no argument at all,
for that sort of people would handle their home
grown stock just as carelessly as they would ours.

Now we have grown thousands of trees in the
Adirondacks by merely brushing and clearing the

ground just before the seeds fell, and then stirring
the ground or raking it over afterwards. The
ground is suitable, and there is no trouble in
collecting the seeds, for many sorts at least, which
is quite an item ; and the partial shade affords
them shelter from the direct rays of the sun and
they thus grow very fine.

Mr. Bassler and others may take a hint from
this if they find it of any service to them in their
different localities. We only wish to see the good
work progressing and to render any assistance in
our power to so worthy an object, and to one pro-
motive of so much public good.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

[When Mr. Bassler used the words "this coun-
try" he was, we suppose, referring to Kansas only.
The Sugar Maple does fairly well in Iowa.— Ed.

G. M.l

«-■-»

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Arnold Arboretum. — Director Sargent
reports that about 70,000 trees and shrubs have
been planted the past year. Pits ten and twenty-
five feet square, filled with good soil, have been
prepared, which will give the trees long life. In
America a tree on poor thin soils gets past its best
within a hundred years.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Northern Range of the Pecan Hickory. —
Mr. C. B. Paddock, Albany, III., writes : "On the
northern limit of the Pecan, it may be of interest to
note I have frequently seen the matter mentioned
and have never noticed that any one had seen it
further north than between St. Lopis and Quincy.
Last fall I was shown a few nuts by a person on
1 whose word I should rely, who declared they were

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

83

gathered on what is locally known as the Wapsie
river bottoms, properly, I suppose, the Wapsiepin-
nacon river. This river comes into the Mississippi
river a few miles below here, say twenty or
twenty-five miles above Davenport, and the locality
where these trees are found is some twelve or
fifteen miles west or southwest of Camanche,
Iowa. Two or three other persons have since
assured me that Pecans grow in the district de-
scribed."

The Hard Maple in Kansas.— Mr. C. B.
Paddock, Albany, Illinois, notes : "On page 19,

I January number, 'Forest trees for Kansas,' the
I writer shows how hard maple grows in the West.
j A number of years ago I wrote you a note of ex-
perience with them, which agreed with what the
writer of the article alluded to says ; so will say
further, my trees which were grown from seed by
myself, and are now thirteen years old, are from
ten to twelve feet in height and the tree from
which the seed was gathered, though only about
ten inches through at the base and thirty feet or
less in height, has not increased noticeably in size
to my knowledge in seventeen years."

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

WILD FLOWERS OF FLORIDA.

BY F. J. VOGEL.

According to promise please find enclosed seeds
of the sweet potato (white Barbadoes) ; also an
immature plume or tassel of the sugar cane. This
will give you some idea of the beauty of the cane
tassel. Was grown on my place, but did not
come to perfection on account of the severe white
frosts of 26th and 27th of November. I cut this out
of the top of stalk. There were no developed
plumes or tassels in this vicinity this season. Find
also seeds of a perennial climber known here as
"The Beauty of Florida." It belongs to the order
of Convolvulaceae. The leaves are finely divided.
Flowers, white, rose colored throat. Is not plen-
tiful. I cannot find the correct name for it. There
is also a climber growing along the banks of the
St. John's river, called the "Blazing Star ;" star
shaped and of brilliant crimson color. I have
never been able to get a specimen of it yet. The
Aster is in its glory now, climbing or rather strag-
gUng through the bushes with its many discs of
rose and light purple, with now and then one
of a bluish purple. They delight in the deep
moist soil, and somewhat help to reheve the
monotony of the green along the banks of the
streams. There are occasionally places where there
is no timber. Long stretches of yellow, composed
of Golden Rod (Solidago) and Coreopsis, with here
and there a tall cabbage palmetto as a sentinel to
keep off intruders from this mass of yellow.
There is an ever changing panorama in this South

Florida. The lofty and graceful cabbage pal-
metto indicates good land, and it only grows
abundantly in moist ground, with numerous
shrubs, trees and climbers as attendants. Here
you can find the Gelsemium sempervirens — yellow
Jessamine — in all its glory, filling the air for a long
distance with its delightful perfume ; then, again,
there are long stretches of nothing but (Saw) dwarf
palmetto (Sabal), and when in bloom presents a
beautiful appearance with its long branching
flower stalk and pale yellow fragrant flowers.
The bees are in their glory sipping the nectar
therefrom. Palmetto honey is the pride of South
Florida. Again there come patches of Vanilla
plant, Liatris odoratissima, also called Deer Tongue,
with bright purple flowers and the faint scent-
of Vanilla. The odor is very perceptible late in
fall or winter, with a carpet of Spaghum and
Stag's Horn fern ; and the Evergreen huckleberry
with Its small shining leaves and white flowers
tipped with red, followed with a deep black berry
in large clusters, sweet, and much sought for pies
and preserves. And perhaps a few yards distant
is the Dahoon holly with its clusters of bright red
berries and with an occasional Swamp Maple with
yellow, purple and crimson leaves ; and in the
back ground the white Bay Magnoha glauca, with
silvery green leaves and fragrant white blossoms.
The Andromeda delights to grow in the shade and
such company, with its beautiful white bell-
shaped flowers. On and along the lakes and
ponds — there you find the white and yellow water
I lily, basking in the sun. On a log or fallen tree
, you may see the bug-bear of the northern tourist,
, the alligator, whose teeth are so much sought for

84

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

as ornaments, as naementos of a trip to the land
of mammoth mosquitos and alligators.

Lake Maitland, Fia., December 24th, 18S6.

THE "PEPINO" OR MELON SHRUB.

BY GUSTAV EISEN.

Under the heading of "The Melon Pear," I find in
your January number a short account of this ]
fruit. As I was the introducer of this fruit to this i
continent I may be allowed to say something in I
the matter of "suspicious introduction." The Cen-
tral American name of this plant is "Pepino."
Under this name it is known everywhere in the
Central American high lands, and under this
name only. But as "Pepino" in Spanish also
means "cucumber" it was thought best to give the
plant an English name. I suggested the melon
shrub, but through the error or the wisdom of a
printer the name was changed to melon pear,
which I confess is not very appropriate, but still
not less so than pear guava, alligator pear, rose
apple, strawberry guava, mango apple, custard j
apple, etc., all names simply indicating an en-
deavor to find an English name, recalling certain 1
qualities of a tropical fruit. None of these need
to taste of "suspicion" any more than the high j
sounding names of new strawberries and grapes^
which are daily introduced and advertised. In
my late catalogue I call the fruit with its native
name, or "Pepino," and trust that it will escape the
observation of the continental Spanish critics. As
to the value of the fruit and the success of it in
the States only time will tell. The fact that I
found the plant growing only on the high land j
where the temperature in the shade seldom reaches
75O Fah., suggested to ine the probabiUty that
it would fruit in a more northern latitude. In
CaUfornia it has proven a success in the cooler 1
parts, such as in Los Angeles City, in several I
places in the coast range, and will undoubtedly 1
fruit in many other localities where it is not too
hot. In the interior valleys the summer is too
warm, and my plants begin to ripen fruit first in
late fall when frost is imminent. There the first
year's fruit was nearly ripe when a frost occurred.

Only very few fruits had ripened, and I decided
to pick the balance unripe — about 1000 fruits.
This was the 15th of November or so about,
I wrapped each fruit in paper and stored away in
cold room. About the middle of February the
majority were ripe and proved very fine, though
not quite equal to those I had myself grdwn
in Guatemala. The California fruit was much

larger — the largest the size of a goose-egg, the
smallest again of the size of a plum. But they
were somewhat inferior in the way of acid, which
in the perfect fruit is of the most delicious kind,
allaying the thirst for hours during the hottest
day.

My friend, the late Mr. J. Grelck, of Los An-
geles, had a plantation of 10,000 Pepinos, which
grew and bore well in Los Angeles City and sold
considerable fruit. I do not think the fruit will be
a success everywhere, but in cool and frost-free
places where the fruit can set and ripen early I
believe the Pepino will be found profitable.

In pulp and skin the Pepino resembles some-
what the Bartlett pear, but in taste more a musk-
melon ; but has besides a most delicious acid, en-
tirely wanting in melons and quite pecuharly its
own. In warm localities this acid does not de-
velop, and this fact is the greatest drawback to the
success of the fruit. The fruit has no seed, as a
rule. And in all I have found only a dozen seed —
and those in fruit which came from Salama in
Guatamala, a place rather too warm to produce
the finest quality of the fruit.

The botanical name of the Pepino is not known
to me with any absolute certainty. The same was
described by the Franco-Guatemalan botanist,
Mr, Rousignon, as Solanum melongena Guatemal-
ense,- but it is to me quite evident that this Solanum
is not, nor is it closely related to the S. melongena
or t^% plant, which latter is a native of Central
Asia. The Pepino is probably a native of the
Central American high lands, and appears to have
been cultivated by the Indians before the conquest
by the Spaniards. Fresno, California.

[A plant received, shows it to be different from
G. melongena. — Ed. G. M.]

WILD FLOWERS OF DAKOTA.

BY JOHN W. DUNLAP.

I found Mentzelia ornata growing on the bank
of the American Creek, near Chamberlain, Brule
CO., Dakota. It was just at sunset and it had fully
expanded its large white and fragrant blossoms, for
It is a real night bloomer. This being the first
time I had seen it, I felt hke a boy with his first
boots — highly pleased. I have cultivated it since
and it makes a fine garden plant with its delight-
ful fragrance. Those who desire to botanize this
locahty should take, in addition to Gray's Man-
ual, the Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado,
by Thomas C. Potter and Jotin M. Coulter. This
will enable them to determine the names of what-

1887-1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

85

ever they may discover, with few exceptions. The
bluffs around Chamberlain rise to the height of 475
feet above the Missouri River, and from the na-
ture of the soil, the ravines are of extraordinary
depth, giving shelter and shade to many plants
and shrubs that I did not expect to find there. A
large bed of Yucca is found there, which is diff-
erent from filamentosa, and has a striped leaf
like angustifolia. It was in full bloom at the
time I visited it. Many of the flower stalks are 7
feet high

I also found the Opuntia Rafinesqui and Mis-
souriensis, Solanum triflorum and Solanum ros-
tratum, Qlnothera albicaulis and O. serrulata,
Gaura coccinia and a very pretty Verbena, with
fine cut leaves like the old Imperitrice Elizabeth,
which might be useful for florists to cross and
breed hardy varieties from. It would be too long
a list to encumber your valuable pages with, to
give you all the plants that grow there, so I will
confine myself to a few shrubs, such as Rhus
aromatica, Shepherdia argentea, Symphoricarpus
occidentalis, Amorpha fruticosa, and Glycyrrhiza
lepidota. No one who visits Dakota in search
of plants can be disappointed. The prairies are
in a blaze with showy Liatris, Gerardia, Cir-
sium and Helianthus, several Psoralias — amongst
others, esculenta, and the modest Oxalis violacea.
Should the individual who visits Chamberlain not
be a plant enthusiast, he will, nevertheless, be well
repaid for his journey. The scenery is at once
beautiful and picturesque. As you stand on the
bluffs, back of the town, you are at an elevation
of 1,500 feet above the sea level. You can trace
the winding course of the grand old Missouri for
miles and miles, and tepees of the Brule Indians
are visible in the distant southwest. Here, we
may say, we are the dividing line of civilization
and savage life. Milwaukee, Jan. i6th, iS8y.

less likely to be overlooked than in the shady
woods where it prefers to grow. My knowledge
of the plant is confined to the few specimens above
mentioned, which were in flower and fruit near this
city on the 3d of last September.

A less shy plant, but more rare, perhaps, is the
diminutive Euphorbia peplus. A large yard on
West Main Street in this city, is so largely filled
with it that it would be certain to detain the
plant hunter, should his eye catch sight of it.
It is, doubtless, quite a delicate herb ; indeed,
it was so spoken of by the lady occupying
the house in the lot. Blue grass, if allowed freely
to grow, would perhaps crowd it out ; and I
noticed that it preferred to follow the but seldom
used carriage way, and spread under shrubbery
and where the ground inclined and was so broken
as to easily receive the yearly crop of seed.

I was told that a few came to view the plant,
and that it could not be found elsewhere in the
city. This latter belief is a slightly mistaken one,
as I have seen single specimens of it on the foot-
way margins of several of the streets, and in florists'
yards. Except where massed, as in the yard
mentioned, it might at a distance be easily mis-
taken for Oxalis stricta, its general height and
color being similar, or for a nearly erect, broad,
and thin leaved form of Polygonum aviculare.

Rochester, July 6, 1886.

BEAUTIFUL WEEDS CIRC^A ALPINA,

AND EUPHORBIA PEPLUS.
BY M. D.

" Low smooth and weak," says Gray, when
speaking in his Manual of Circasa alpina, and
" common northward."

The little heart-leaved plant is said to be not
over eight inches in height, and of the dozen spec-
imens that, nearly a year ago, I found in one
saucer-shaped damp depression, about the width of
a wash-tub, none were that.

Pressed, it makes a very pretty and manageable
tenant of the herbarium, and shows belter there ; is

HYBRID PLUMS AND PEACHES.
BY H. F. HILLENMEYER.

I read with much interest Prof. Van Deman's
note in your last issue, in which he suggests that
the Blackman plum is a hybrid between the plum
and peach.

The possibility of such a hybrid, the hope of ob-
taining a fruit with the combined excellencies of
both, with perhaps the down of the peach to give
comparative immunity from the attacks of the cur-
culio, seemed tome worthy of experiment, and in
the spring of 1880, I spent an afternoon fertilizing
Wild Goose plum blossoms with Alexander peach
pollen. The emasculation was carefully performed,
but after poUinization the flowers were not seques-
tered.

The seeds of all the fruit borne upon the branch
under consideration, were carefully planted, and
subsequently moved into nursery row. All the
seedlings save two were evidently plums, pure
and simple. The two exceptions resembled the"
peach as much or more than the plum, and were
more vigorous and erect, without tendency to bear

86

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

thorns. They were moved to the orchard and al-
most without exception visitors to our grounds have
pronounced them peach trees.

Through all these years it has been a pleasant
fancy to think that the experiment had been made
in an untrodden field, and the time when the trees
should be judged by their fruit was one of anxious
anticipation. The reason that no fruit has yet been
borne, is because in Kentucky the winters of 1883,
1884 and 1885 have been sufficiently severe to de-
stroy the peach buds, and these seem to be no
more resistive. Not a flower has yet expanded,
though the trees were well supplied with fruit buds
both in 1885 and 1886. American plums endured
the lowest temperature known in Kentucky, on
January 5th, 1884, without the loss, apparently,
of a single fruit-bud, and why the buds of these
two trees were then destroyed and again in 1885,
at a temperature not so low, rather favors the idea
that they are hybrids. At this writing, the buds
are uninjured, and the hope is entertained that
fruitage may add conclusive testimony.

Lexington, Ky.

[We place this communication in our Natural
History column, because we regard it as a valu-
able contribution to science. For many years we
have read of " hybrids " between peach and plum,
but none have resulted from actual experiment,
but were simply " supposed to be hybrids, because
peaches and plums were growing near each other."
We could not forget that such a tree as the peach,
which can give us a nectarine now and then,
would be fully able to perform the pranks de-
tailed, without hybridization, and from bud varia-
tion alone.

The subject is so interesting that cumulative
evidence is still desirable, and we hope experi-
ments by emasculation and careful manipulation
will still be made, and the results reported. Wdhild
not some extra protection, to prevent the flower
buds from extreme cold, be practicable ? -Ed.
G. M.]

LECANIUM HEMISPHCERICUM, OR "HEMI-
SPHERICAL COCCUS," A NEW ENEMY
TO CUCURBITACEOUS PLANTS.
BY PROF. S. S. RATHVON.

Coccus is a generic term — the typical genus of
the great family, coccidae, which includes those
insects usually designated "bark -lice," "scab lice,"
"scale-insects," etc., with their various adjectives.
Whilst making my observations last summer, on
the habits of the "Northern Lady-bird" (see Nov-
ember Number Gardeners' Monthly), I noticed

a single specimen of a very convexed, chestnut
brown coccus, nearly the size of half pepper corn,
upon the same species of vine infested by the
lady-birds, but not in exactly the same locality,
although only about twenty feet from it. I made
very little account of it at the time (July 5) ; it be-
ing on an upright of the trellis I supposed it was a
dead subject of the previous year. Two or three
days afterwards I was surprised to find it had
shifted its quarters and was located on a leaf stem,
for it is unusual for these insects to locomote after
they once have fixed themselves and attained
maturity. Within one week thereafter there were
at least five hundred of those insects on that vine.
They were of dififerent sizes and colors, and were
mainly located on each side of the midribs of the
leaves, and on the stems, but only a few on the
main vines. None were of clear, positive colors,
except the adults, and they were a smooth, glossy,
chestnut-brown, slightly varying in shade accord-
ing to age or state of development ; also very
convexed. These young resembled small species
of cassida (coleopterous insects allied to the lady-
birds), or like a minute tortoise with the upper
shell ramified by veinations, and indented around
the margin, and pinkish, greenish and whitish in
color, but somewhat tarnished. They were all
gifted with marked powers of locomotion, and
changed their positions very often and very
quickly, especially in the heat of the day. As in
the case of the lady-birds, I permitted them to
multiply to test their powers of destructiveness.
Before the ist of August there were thousands of
them, and by the ist of September, or earlier, in-
cluding the quite young, they had increased to
hundreds of thousands, if not millions. Many
parts of the main vines, from one to two feet in
length, were so completely invested by them that
you could not stick a pin into it without passing
through one or more of their bodies. Ocher parts,
for a yard or more m length, had one or two un-
interrupted rows upon them, and many of the
leaves and leaf-stems were partially covered by
them. Earlier, these glossy brown convexities
were filled inside with small whitish eggs, and
even in this condition they had the power to
slowly move about from place to place. The
whole interior was an t%g matrix or ovarium ; the
body consisting merely of an oval shell above,
and just sufficient tissue beneath to admit the
articulations of a beak, six delicate whitish feet,
and antennae. Later, from these tiny eggs were
exuded as many tiny insects, and these began to
scatter as soon as they issued from under the body

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

87

of the now defunct mother coccus— most of them
only to perish. I attempted to count the number
of young produced by one female, but I gave it up
before accomplishing my purpose. They were so
very minute, and scattered so rapidly that I
abandoned it ; but, judging from a count I once
made of an allied species that mfests the maple,
linden, grape-vines, etc., I feel that I am making a
low estimate when I say the number for each
female is not less than five hundred and may be
many more. On a small piece of the vinesix inchesin
length were two hundred of the adult females, each
capable of producing five hundred young, which
would give us one hundred thousand, or two hun-
dred thousand to a foot, or twelve inches. Now,
there were at least twenty feet so infested, which
would foot up four millions in about two months,
to say nothing of those that had matured earlier in
the season, hatched their young, and then dropped
off the vines to make room for others. Of course
many of these minute insects never reach ma-
turity, but perish in their infancy ; and, doubtless,
in the economy of nature their perishment is an-
ticipated as essential to nature's general harmony.
But those that do survive are capable of inflicting
a great depletion upon the vegetation they infest.
This vine became enervated sooner and more
rapidly than the one infested by the lady-birds, al-
though the insects confined themselves to pump-
ing out the juice only. What they lacked in
destructive energies they made up in numbers. It
is these little things that are often the worst on ac-
count of their numbers and invisibility.

Now, this was a cucurbitaceous vine upon which
they were located, and this suggests the query.
What is to prevent them from infesting other vines
of the same family, the cucumber, the musk-
melon, the canteloupe, and water-melon, for
instance ? Their partiality or love for this plant
is emphasized by the fact that, although a grape-
vine was in immediate juxtaposition, and their lat-
erals intertwined, I only detected two or three
adults — and none of the young — on the leaves of
the grape-vines during the whole season. I have
frequently found species of these prolific coccidians
and their allies, on oaks, plum, peach, apricot,
apple, and other trees, but I never noticed them
before on succulent vegetation or annuals. This
location may have been one of the blunders, which
even the insect world is not free from. A succu-
lent plant that grows up from a seed in the spring,
and dries up and falls to the ground in autumn, is
not the place to perpetuate sap-sucking insects.
These insects kept hatching out and traveling over

the vines and elsewhere, up to the month of October,
and from the characteristics of these little atoms,
as exhibited during the summer, vitality could not
be sustained without being supphed with "green
food," and a living woody branch for their winter
quarters. My impression is, that all this late
hatching perished, except perhaps a fortunate few
who may have found their way into a greenhouse,
or a private conservatory. As long as the eggs re-
main unhatched and are favorably located, the
winter's cold, no matter how prolonged, would
have no injurious effect upon them.

The case is similar with the silk-worm eggs
packed in China and Japan ; sent across the Pa-
cific ocean to San Francisco; from thence across
the American continent to New York, and again
from thence across the Atlantic ocean to Europe,
to be distributed among the silk-growing countries
there. As long as the non-incubating temperature
remains intact, the enterprise is successful ; but,
should the temperature, from any cause, be raised
to the point of incubation and exudation, the young
brood would inevitably perish, and the enterprise
fail. Never having noticed this species under sim-
ilar circumstances before, I became doubtful of
its specific identity, hence I sent specimens of it,
and also notes of my observations, to the Entomo-
logical Bureau at Washington, D. C, and was in-
formed that it was a common species, infesting
greenhouse plants, especially further south, and
that my record of finding it in the open air, in a
latitude as far north as Lancaster, was an interest-
ing fact in its history. It is one of the few species
of the coccidae, of which the adults have the
powers of locomotion, and this adds to its noxious
character by increasing its ability to spread. It
appears also that the male of this species has
never yet been discovered — at least, it has not yet
been identified. I have never heard of it, nor
have I ever seen any published statements of it,
as a greenhouse pest in Lancaster. How it hap-
pened to invade my premises is involved in con-
jecture. Possibly some member of my family may
have purchased an infested plant in market, with-
out knowing it to be infested,— possibly not. This
supposition is not only possible, but also very
probable, especially in the first stage of the insect
after it comes from the egg. It looks like a minute
grayish atom of dust ; invisible to the naked eye,
to about seventeen in twenty, and hardly definable
under a pocket miscroscope. Its length is scarcely
I mm., and its breadth about half that quantity.
Its form is oblong-oval, a little larger at the an-
terior than the posterior end. The latter is armed

88

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

with two white, bristling filaments, and the an-
tennae are armed with a few lateral bristles. Their
color under a microscope is a dirty white, but to
the naked eye they are dust-gray. Of course, it
is impossible to say, without a peradventure, that
these insects absolutely cannot bridge over the frigid
chasm of wmter, so far as the late hatched young
are concerned ; still, as many of the adults trans
ported themselves to other situations, on the wooden
trellis and on a contiguous fence, we will have to
wait for another season before we can determine or
not, their survival of a northern winter in the open
air. Should the " worst come to the worst," as a cu-
curbitaceous pest, the remedy to destroy them
would be very simple and easily applied. A
liquid spray of Paris green, or even of soap-suds
or tobacco water, would certainly destroy all the
young if applied just when they begin to scatter,
although it might have little effect on the adults ;
but these die of their own accord as soon as the
eggs are hatched, if not before. As they continue
their propagations during two or three months in
summer, the proper time can only be determined
by close observation, when to apply a remedy.

CATTLE EATING CACTUS.

BY REV. L. J. TEMPLIN.

It may seem strange to those who are ac-
quainted with the spiny nature of most species of
cacti, that cattle should attempt to eat them. Yet,
such is the case in this country, where many spe-
cies of these plants abound. The kinds mostly
eaten are the Opuntia Rafinesqui and O. Missouri-
ensis. These are frequently eaten during the win-
ter and spring, when the grass is very short. The
animal very cautiously takes the broad, leaf-
like stem between the tongue and the upper front
teeth and gently drawing upward, manages to rub
the spines off the upper part of the stem. It then
takes hold of this part so freed from spines and
gently pulls till the stem is detached from the
plant, then rubs it back and forth on the ground
till all the spines are broken off when it is taken
into the mouth and eaten with a relish. We also
have a species of cactus growing in profusion in the
parks ol this country, popularly called "Buck-horn"
cactus, (Opuntia arborescens) that grows from 3 to
5 feet high and is much branched. This, by the
way, is the species from which the popular " cactus
walking sticks" are procured. This cactus, during
the early summer is covered with bright crimson
flowers, followed by pears or seed pods 3/ to i
inch in diameter, and ■! lo lyi mches in length.

These seed pods are eaten with avidity by cattle
during times when the ground is covered with
snow so that the grass is inaccessible. The seeds
are small, hard and dry, but the pod is a thick
mucilaginous substance, that, when chewed, has
much the flavor of the bark of the slippery elm,
and is, I should judge, quite nutritious. Animals
show much dexterity in picking off these seed
pods, at the same time avoiding the formidable
spines with which the stems are armed to their
very extremities. All these plants are doubtless
of a palatable and nutritious character, and were
it not for the numerous spines with which they are
protected they would soon all disappear from the
stock ranges of the west. But whether these
spines have been developed by a long process of
natural selection or were originally given them for
their protection, " no man knoweth to this day,"
notwithstanding a vast amount of useless specu-
lation. Canon City, Colorado.
[In some parts of Mexico, cactuses are regu-
larly fed to cattle, the spines being destroyed by
light flaying over a fire. This agricultural cactus
is called there nopal. Botanically the cactus is
closely allied to the gooseberry and currant, and
the fruit quite as wholesome — the spines and
aciculi being the great trouble. The " Barbadoes
gooseberry," and " Indian Fig " are species of
cactus.— Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A Botanic Garden in Southern California.
— A movement is on foot to establish a Botanic
Garden at Los Angeles. No better spot could be
selected. A large number of plants would thrive,
in the open air, for which houses would be required
in a more northern clime. It is hoped that 100
acres will soon be secured for the purpose. Mr.
Charles Emory Smith, an energetic and intelligent
young man from the east is working it up, and
is meeting with fair encouragement from those
who are fully able to accomplish the task.

Currants and Grapes. — It is well known to
grape growers, especially those who grow grapes
under glass, that often there are berries not halt
the size of the normal berry, and seedless. Some
varieties— as for instance, the grape that produces
the currant — rarely, if ever, produce the larger
berries with seeds, as in the ordinary raisin mak-
ing varieties. It is conceded that even these small
berries would not be berries at all, unless pollen'
had in some way acted on them ; but why it

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

should act that far and yet fail to produce seeds,
the writer of this could never understand, and no-
where in his reading has he fallen on any expla-
nation.

The January number of the Botanical Gazette,
has now the following : " The fact that some
ovaries swell and ripen without ripening seed,
finds an explanation in the suggestion that the pol-
len-tube lives as a parasite upon the cells of the
style, and so causes an extra flow of nourishment."

We fear this explanation does not make the mat-
ter clear enough for many to get the full idea.
We think our neighbor would render good service
to vegetable physiology by a fuller account of this
new suggestion.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Spring-time in Georgia. — A correspondent
at Savannah, under date of January 30th, says :
" Roses usually in bloom through the winter ; from
last of August to first of January, no rain here.
Smce the last of November, until within a week,
the weather has been the coldest ever known here
continuously. Yet, now spring seems to have
come to stay, as we are having showers.and vegeta-
tion generally is starting. Violets, Narcissi, Cam-
ellias, etc., are opening, and the Jessamine (Gelsi-
mium sempervirens) is showing the yellow buds.
Irish potatoes planting and hardy seeds being sown.

" From all I have heard this is a remarkably
poor place for horticulture, though the greatest
abundance of the finest fruits and flowers can be
grown, with little care ; yet no good market."

[Our correspondent by his last remark, speaks
of course of commercial gardening, and fruit and
vegetable growing for market. For horticulture
as a means of pleasurable recreation, his own let-
ter is enough to make us ice-bound northerners
envy the people ol Savannah. Here we have
spring no sooner on us than we are rushed into
summer ; in that latitude it would seem that spring-
time might last half the year. And from the
commercial aspect, it is not easy to see why profit-
able gardening might not be followed. Our own
impression is that in these locahties too much at-
tention is given to looking for northern or distant
markets, and too little to developing local trade.
Wherever markets are far away the chief profits
go to transportation companies. — Ed. G. M,]

The Sv^eet Potato Flowering in Illinois.
—Mr. C. B. Paddock, Albany, Whiteside county,
111., says : "I would add my mite concerning the
blossoming of sweet potatoes, as I have not seen
any account of their blooming so far north
(nearly the 42nd degree of north latitude). About
eight years ago I had plants of several varieties,
from a party in Champaign county, I think, in
this State, and there were two or three varieties of
red sweet potatoes and these red kinds had many,
flowers, usually white or whitish, with more or less
of pale violet on the lower part or base of tube ;
the tube being longer than in Morning Glory,
more nearly like Stramonium ; the Nansemond
and other yellow kinds did not blossom, nor have I
ever seen any of the flowers except that one sea-

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

MISTLETOE MEMOIRS.
BY WM. T, HARDING.

As the pursuit of useful knowledge is at all
times commendable, and not only does it elevate
the individual who encourages it, but is one of the
most certain and direct means by which nations
are exalted and human nature is dignified ; the
progressive people, who happily acquire and foster

I it, are in possession of the greatest boon man can
possibly enjoy, or confer upon his fellow creatures.
For whoever imparts to others a knowledge of
that which tends to mentally elevate, or morally
improve them, or, in any sense makes them better
or wiser, are assuredly benefactors to their species.
Pure philanthropic deeds of so high an order are
like unto the saintly acts of " Benignant Mercy,''
or the loving ways of her angelic sister " Sweet
Charity," whose benevolence blesses all who re-

' ceive, as well as them who give.

90

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

And, as an anxious learner, desiring to profit
from the rich and ample stores of wisdom of those
who are fortunately better informed than myself,
and which so many intelligent writers generously
give to the readers of this magazine, and to whom,
I, in particular, am so much indebted for their
uniform kindness, I feel constrained, in like man-
ner, to make some returns for their favors, and
which I fear is at best but a poor exchange for
benefits received. And with equal force do these
remarks apply to the courteous Editor, whose long
experience and profound erudition eminently
qualify him to give sound advice ^to enquiring
friends, through his common-sense editorials and
polished essays. And although unable to give
full equivalents for what I get, I nevertheless,
strive to liquidate the obligations I am under, as
best I can ; and when addressing him, often feel
how applicable would be the regretful, or apolo-
getic language of the poet, when offering my ef-
fusions to him, were 1 to adopt his expressive dic-
tion and say —

" I give thee all, I can no more
Though poor the offering be."

And thus, it sometimes comes to pass, when
tempted to tell what I know about Nature's pleas-
ant ways, as I understand them, that I make you
my confidants, and divulge her secrets, if secrets
they be, to whomsoever lends a wiUing ear. For,
as Carlyle says, " there is a mystery and majesty
of Nature, take her as you will."

And now, kind reader, it is the singular parasi-
tical bush of antiquity, the dear old Mistletoe,
long prided for its peculiar virtues, by the young
of both sexes, in bygone days, and which, I ween,
about Christmas tide, are still as potent now, and
of which we will pleasantly discuss. And while
the dehghtful pictures of the past remain unfaded
with time, in fancy 1 can again see the bunch of
Mistletoe conveniently suspended during the glad-
some occasion, in some friendly hall, for those
who desire to enjoy the kissing privileges they are
entitled to beneath the inviting bush.

This popular and pleasant old custom, which
time and natural inclination sanctions, is not
likely to fall into disuse or abeyance ; for as long
as there are tempting lips to kiss, will the " Mis-
tletoe Bough," and its happy associations, never
become obsolete or forgotten.

Washington Irving, the most sentimental of all
American writers, in his charming description of
Christmas time in England, speaks of it as
" honest and genuine enjoyment ; " and alludes to
" the Mistletoe with its white berries, hung up to

the imminent peril of all the pretty housemaids."
And whoever regards the felicitous events of the
past, as happy days gone by, even should they be
in " the sere and yellow-leaf," will sometimes re-
call the pleasant recollections which cling to them
still. Such mirthful gatherings of happy mortals
— which were wont to assemble round the cheer-
ful fire, to " join in the festive dance or joyous
song," while furtive glances were slyly cast at the
Mistletoe on the ceihng, with a dehghtful ex-
pectancy of getting under it, — will ever retain their
mark, as red-letter days, in the calendar of life.

A poetical description of Christmas Eve in
feudal times is graphically given in the following
Unes by Scott :

" On Christmas Kve the bells were rung ;
On Christmas Eve the mass was sung :
That only night of all the year,
Saw the stoled priest the chalice rear.
The damsel donned her kirtle sheen ;
The hall was dressed with holly green :
Forth to the woods did merry men go,
To gather in the mistletoe.
Then opened wide the Baron's hall
To vassal, tenant, serf, and all."

This ancient evergreeen bush, the close com-
panion of " the brave old oak," has a history
which reaches far away into the dim and misty
past. To the_ Greeks and Romans it was well
known ; and Pliny tells us, "the Gauls held this
plant in the greatest veneration, and their magic-
ians, whom they call Druids, consider nothing
more sacred." And "the Persian magi gathered
the mistletoe with great care, and used it in their re-
hgious ceremonies." The magical properties of the
mistletoe are noticed by Virgil and Ovid ; and the
poet Lelius mentions it as "one of the things nec-
essary to make a man a magician." To Caesar
and Pliny we are mainly indebted for the slight
information we possess of this ancient pagan
priesthood, who, although they worshipped Apollo,
under the name of Belinus, supposed to be identi-
tical with Baal of the Phoenicians, their chief deity
seems to have been Mercury. A quotation from
a magazine of 179 1 says, "the guibel, or mistletoe,
is supposed by some to have been the forbidden
tree in the Garden of Eden ; and adds, that hence
probably arose the custom of kissing under it at
Christmas ; though this appears to be an unwar-
rantable conclusion."

There is much speculation in these late days as
to the exact significance the idolatrous Druids
attached to the mistletoe's uses in their cruel and
superstitious rites or orgies, before the emblem of
Christianity was raised where the ancient Britons
ignorantly worshipped their mythical gods. But
that they and our Saxon ancestors regarded it

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

91

with a senseless veneration or stupid awe in their
absurd practices, and believed it would preserve
them from witchcraft, history informs us, are
authentic facts. And while thankful we are living
in happier times, methinks what a v/ondrous
change has come over the scene since the time
when the uncivilized Briton with his naked legs
and arms painted blue, and a wild beast's skin
thrown over his shoulders, roamed about, a verita-
ble heathen, beneath the umbrageous boughs of
the majestic oak in Albion's forest shades.

That this peculiar plant has been looked upon
as no ordinary object from time immemorial, both
by pagans and Christians, we have the strongest
evidence ; and however much our ancestors may
have regarded it, their descendants seem to ex-
hibit no lack of interest in it in our own time. Its
economic uses are but few, although at one time it
was supposed to possess medicinal properties which
are not ascribed to it now. To our pleasant,
sylvan, feathered friends, however, it gives both
aid and comfort, inasmuch as it affords nutritious
food to several species ; the glutinous berries of
which are eagerly sought for when inclement win-
try weather cuts off the supply of other kinds So
it appears we are not the only bipeds who still find
a use for mistletoe. And as a plant of very sin-
gular structure and most peculiar habit, it will
never cease to draw the attention of observant
eyes whenever seen. In remote times it may
have preferred the sturdy oak to other kinds
of trees. We have abundant proof that it is
by no means fastidious about the species it now
selects for support, and " sticketh closer than
a brother " to. Notwithstanding its many dis-
advantages, compared with the facilities most
other forms of plant life have of multiplying
with greater freedom, it is not likely to disappear
from the flora as long as trees continue to live
from which it may derive its nurture.

This little abnormal curio, in its struggle for
existence on the arboreal giants its lot has so
long been cast among, seems incapable of elevat-
ing itself upon a trunk of its own, and is thus com-
pelled, perforce ol circumstances, to seek its living
upon other trees, as we frequently find it.

From Mr. John Thorp's interesting experi-
ments of propagating the mistletoe, we learn
how strongly inherent are its propensities to live
upon almost any tree or shrub capable of sup-
plying it with plant food congenial to its nature.
The last experiments of that kind the writer made,
were in Souih Carolina, in i860, upon a couple of
good sized orange and lemon trees, an lUicium,

several Camellias, a Pittosporum, a Nerium, a
Laurestinus, and a Banksia rose, which were grow-
ing out of doors, as they usually do in that section
of country. And when he left there, they all
seemed to be growing. But of their subsequent
history he is unable to give any account ; yet,
doubts not but they areUving, from the readiness
with which the mistletoe berries seemed to germi-
nate wherever inserted.

Recognizing as reliable, the many accounts in-
telligent observers furnish of its general aptitude
to appropriate for subsistence and security, the
most convenient trunk or branch, with the great-
est freedom possible, of any kind of trees ; it will
not surprise the reader, it is presumed, when in-
formed that he who records these facts has seen it
growing in the Southern States upon Pinus aus-
tralis, CeltisMississippiensis, Magnolia grandiflora,
Viburnum prunifolium, Castanea pumila. Persim-
mon, Tupelo, Maples, and various kinds of Oaks.
Of the last named family, it was mostly found upon
Quercus virens, Q. nigra, Q. alba, Q. phellos, and
Q. aquatica. Though usually found upon these
five species, there is no reason to suppose it does
not find a resting place upon other kinds.

I am not aware of ever having discovered it on
the apple tree in this country, as we may find it
almost in every orchard or garden in Europe, and
which it seems to prefer there to other trees. In
that hemisphere, instances are common where it
may be seen flourishing upon the Apple, Pear, Haw-
thorn, Sloe, Willow, Poplar, Elm. Maple, Hazel,
Hornbeam, Ash, Scotch Pine, OUve, and occasion-
ally the Oak. And no matter upon whatsoever
kind of tree or shrub it may fasten to, it never
fails to interest the intelligent beholder wherever
seen.

Professor Meehan wisely observes. It adapts
itself to the changed conditions our planet has
experienced, which long lapses of time have
brought about during the last two thousand
years and upwards, when, at that distant period,
it seems to have exclusively united with the
Oak. He says: " Now chmates must of neces-
sity change, and the climate of Great Britain
cannot possibly be the same as it was when the
Druids cut the Mistletoe from the Oak trees, and
with the climatic change there will naturally be a
change of trees by the Mistletoe, to suit the new
conditions." And it is thus we find it now, under
the new conditions, affiliating without apparent
choice or selection, with trees of many kinds.

With these facts before us possibly some enter-
prising nurseryman in this country may hnd it to

92

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March.

nis advantage to prepare small trees for sale, upon
which this singular plant is growing, as several of
that profession have done beyond sea.

With all the historic renown which has clung to
the Mistletoe for ages past, together with the more
pleasant associations which have so long invested
this ancient parasite and which are likely to sur-
vive all those who may read these remarks for
thousands of years after they have passed away to
"the better land," it will still find favor with
posterity. For as long as man continues to leave
his foot-prints on the sand, and the Mistletoe re-
mains to cast its shadow upon the soil it seems
forbidden to touch, will our existing race admire
and cherish it.

And while paying a passing tribute of esteem to
this comely little bush I have so fondly remem-
bered from childhood's happy hours, I deeply
regret to hear it is charged with being "the chief
enemy" of the Water Oaks at Aiken, S. C, or
elsewhere. And are we to infer from so uncanny
an allegation that it is "the chief enemy" among
trees like "the evil one" of unsavory repute
among mankind ? However that may be, I
honestly confess I feel somewhat reluctant to
henceforth look upon what I have hitherto con-
sidered a harmless, innocent-looking little ever-
green, as the ligneous ogre of the present time,
even should it when pressed by hunger quietly
devour a few unresisting trees in its laudable
endeavors to live. And with strong preposses-
sions in its favor, I am unwiUing to believe it is
such a vegetable vampire as to cause unnecessary
alarm to the many true lovers of sylvan beauty.
Then take comfort with me, ye gentle ones in
whom there is no guile, and know that should
some few weak trees succumb to the too vigorous
embraces of the parasitical company they keep,
there will still be millions left to supply the places
of the defunct ones so that they and the Mistletoe
may co-exist together again.

And as these fragmentary remarks are drawing
to a close, faithful memory vividly portrays many
a handsome and fruitful Apple tree upon which I
have seen the pretty pearl-berried bush attached
in the fertile, well-kept, quaint old gardens of
England, and which to wilfully injure would have
been an unpardonable offence impossible to atone
for. With feelings bordering upon reverence for
it we can hardly wonder that it should be so when
we consider how much interest or curiosity it has
excited in the minds of the junior members of the
family, generation after generation, as each have
had their attention called to it in the days that ar?

I gone, and of whom it might possibly bring back
to remembrance after many rolling years happy
reminiscences of beloved, vanished forms, whom
Death has gathered in.

j While thus hngering upon these pleasant Mis-
tletoe recollections, faint pictures of half-forgot-
j ten events seem to reappear on the fading canvas
again, and give transient ghmpses of an ivy
draped old Oak, spreading its rugged arms over a
mossy crag, from beneath which bubbled a cool,
pellucid spring. This little bosky Dryad fountain
supplied a winding, sparkhng rill, which gently
meandered along the grassy slope beautifully
fringed with tufts of green rushes, sedges, ferns,
pearlworts and crowfoot, to a picturesque pool,
some thirty yards off among the bushes further
down, and over which a leaning Hawthorn
cast a flickering shade. To this charming bit
of natural scenery I often rambled when a
happy school-boy, to wade and dabble about
among the water-cresses, forget-me-nots, and
brooklimes, and to gather ripe sloes, blackberries,
and filberts, which hung so temptingly in nutting
time. Well do I remember seeing interwoven
among the gnarled branches of the lichen, usnea,
and moss-covered thorn, several good sized clus-
ters of Mistletoe, and which my father, when
I visiting this leafy, verdant spot, first pointed
I out to me. After an absence of many years,
[I returned in 1881, when I strolled to this very
j romantic nook again, I verily believe I saw re-
i taining the same local habitation the identical
bunches of the old gray-green parasite once more,
which I had previously noticed when a boy. And
oh, how all the objects around seemed to remind
me of the eventful past ; and while briefly forget-
i ting the vicissitudes I had experienced since then,
fancied theie had

1 " Again returned the scenes of youth,

Of confident undoubting truth."

! Mount Holly, N. J., November 2gth, 1886.

THE GARDENS OF ELISHA P. WILBUR,

OF BETHLEHEM, PA.

BY J. F. M.

A hasty run through these grounds during the
meeting of the American Horticultural Associa-
tion on the 20th of January, afforded me much
pleasure. It is in the city, and consequently the
grounds are not large, and the chief interest is in
horticultural buildings.. A vegetable house for
early forcing was particularly attractive. Toma-
toes were ripe, and an enormous crop coming, on to

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

93

succession. English cucumbers, apparently near 20
inches in length were in abundance, and beneath
is a cellar in which were an abundance of enor-
mous mushrooms. Hot water pipes go down
through the mushroom beds, by which iMr. Cullen,
the intelligent gardener, is able to keep the equable
temperature of 60°, so essential to success in the
culture of this delicious vegetable, A warm-
house, which, in the literature of gardening would
probably be called a stove, was devoted to a col-
lection of heat loving plants, but particularly
orchids. A large number of these curious plants
were in blossom, and some large specimens of the
well known Cypripedium insigne had scores of
blossoms on them. The white bracted Poinsettas
were here of a much clearer white than is generally
seen. A remarkably curious specimen of the
Screw pine (Pandanus) gives one of the houses
great interest, Northampton county is the head-
quarters for the slate industries of Pennsylvania.
Advantage is therefore taken of the cheapness of
the article, to make the benches for roses and
other things, out of it, which not only gives dur-
ability, but also a neatness which is pleasant to
find in gardening structures.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Cost of Water, — Circumstances alter cases.
There is no more common expression than "free as I
air and water," and yet in California any one who
can secure a good water right, has property that
is worth $1000 an hour. It is much better than a
gold mine. The San Francisco Chronicle says
that in distributing water for irrigating purposes in
Southern California, it is calculated that one inch '
of water will suffice for ten acres. One thousand
dollars per inch is the average value affixed to the
title to water, or at the rate of |ioo per acre, al- j
though sales are daily made at from $150 to ^400 1
per acre, said lands being absolutely worthless
without water. At this figure, the value of water
in San Diego county aggregates the enormous sum
of $1,300,000,000; while the water of Los Angeles '
county, where the value is $3000 per inch, is worth
$2,400,000,000.

Cooked Potatoes. — For three hundred years
potatoes have been a cooking, and yet not one in |
in a hundred knows how to cook one properly.
We never eat a sodden, tasteless tuber without
wishing that there was a cooking school in every i
town. There are some in some towns. One of
considerable pretensions exists at Auburndale, |

Mass. It is in connection with Lasell Seminary.
If we had girls to send there we should get our-
selves invited to dine. If the potatoes were prop-
erly cooked, it would be enough. Any one who
knows how to cook a potato properly, has the
proper foundation for all the rest.

Hyacinth Bean. — A New Jersey correspondent
confirms the identification with Dolichos Lablab,
and notes that he does not find Dolichos in Gray's
works. This species will not be found there, as it
is a native of the West Indies, and not of any part
covered by Gray's Floras,

The City Councils of Philadelphia. — It may
perhaps gratify many personal friends to know
that the EdiPbr of this magazine has again in the
February elections been returned for a fourth
term of two years to the City Councils — the gov-
erning body of the city of Philadelphia. As ex-
tremely few get elected for more than one or two
terms, the compliment is appreciated, especially as
no other person was nominated against him, and
partisan politics are wholly set aside in the unani-
mous vote received,

Philadelphia is one of the few cities in the Union
where the services of Councilmen remain wholly
unpaid, and the government is carried on wholly
as a matter of honor and city pride.

Mr, John H. Graham, of the well-known seed
firm of Graham, Emlen & Passmore, also continues
as a member of the body till 1888.

Mr, Barry and the Department of Po-
mology,— Mr, Barry has given an opinion to
Green's Fruit Grower, that it will not be possible
in the nature of things that much good can follow
the establishment of the Department of Pomology
at Washington. It will now be in order for the
Department to prove by actual results that the
opinion will have to be changed. Nothing succeeds
like success.

Prof. Rothrock. — Dr. Rothrock, the well-
known botanist of the Pennsylvania University,
has been compelled to take a year's vacation as
much as possible in the open air. He will go south
to Florida, working up among the mountains dur-
ing the summer, and, if the recovered health that
is hoped for ensues, will give much of the infor-
mation he gathers, in " Michaux arboricultural
lectures " next winter.

Peter B. Mead. — This gentleman will be re-
membered as at one time the very able Editor of
the Horticulturist . It is a pleasure to note that
he still keeps up an active interest in horticulture.

94

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

though now a long time out of the editorial
harness.

A Wealthy Gardener. — Mr. Patrick Devine,
who died on November ist, 1885, was gardener
to members of the Fisher family in Germantown,
for near half a century, continuing his faithful
work up to the time of his death. His estate is
valued at $44,000, which he left to his wife.

Dr. Wigand. — Some of our flower lovers are
familiar with a very pretty genus of plants named
Wigandia, and they will be sorry to learn of the
death of the gentleman whose name it bears. He
was professor of Botany at Marburg, Hesse, and
died on the 22d of October, in his 65th year, ac-
cording to a note in the Botanical Gazette.

David Pooley. — First-class landscape garden-
ers are not numerous, and among them Mr.
Pooley's place will be missed by a large number
of friends. He died on January nth, in his 65th
year. He came from England many years ago,
and was gardener to Harry IngersoU, Esq., at his
beautiful seat near Philadelphia, after which he
established himself as a landscape gardener. A
large number of beautiful places about Philadel-
phia are the work of his hand. His sterling integ-
rity was proverbial, and it will be pleasant to add,
for the encouragement of those who are some-
times tempted, for a little gain, to swerve from the
straight path, that he has for years been consid-
ered a comparatively wealthy man. He leaves a
wife by a third marriage, and several children.

Donald McQueen.— Some thirty or forty years
ago, when large numbers of wealthy and enthusi-
astic amateurs had fine gardens within a dozen
miles of the heart of the city, and the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society was wealthy and prosperous
enough to have grand monthly exhibitions equal
in extent and beauty to many annual ones, the
gardener to Robert Cornelius, gardener to Caleb
Cope, and gardener to Joshua Longstreth, held
their ground in severe competitions with numer-
ous antagonists, and the three usually got away
with the lion's share of the premiums. When we
we read old volumes of the Horticulturist atnd
other magazines of the period, the name of Donald
McQueen, gardener to Joshua Longstreth, is of
continual occurrence. Philadelphia now ^ands
on 129 square miles of land, and the beautiful
grounds of Joshua Longstreth, as well as so
many more, are now mere city lots and built
over. Mr. McQueen got into business in the sub-
urbs, as a florist and landscape gardener, and
meeting and receiving the respect and confidence

of all who knew him, managed to get into a very
good and successful business. His conscientious
desire to do justice, led him to fret and worry
when over-pressed with work, until his mind be-
came evidently affected. An extra amount of
good business was flowing towards him this sea-
son, and wondering how he would get through
with it all creditably, completely overturned his
brain, and he died by his own hand, on the 14th
of February, in the 63d year of his age. It will
be sad news to his many friends, numbers of whom
are scattered over the Union.

Mahlon Moon. — This well known nursery-
man of Morrisville, Bucks county, Pa., died on the
24th of January, in his 73rd year. He was a genuine
lover of flowers, and out of this love grew the
nursery business. He has been fortunate in leav-
ing sons who have partaken of his love for these
pursuits, and who are worthy representatives of
that strict integrity which made dealings with the
father so pleasant.

The Florida Times-Union. — An agricultural
and literary magazine, published at Jacksonville,

Grafting on Small Roots.

A B— Scions prepared in two ways for ingrafting of roots.
C— Root trimmed for insertion.

D— Insertion of root (the lower Bud being below the sur-
face of the ground).

Florida. We are continually receiving new^agri-
cultural ventures, but, useful as they are in.their
own special fields, we rarely find in them any-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

95

thing of special interest to the intelligent class
of horticulturists for which the Gardeners'
Monthly has to cater. We were therefore agree-
ably surprised on reading, among the batch of
monthlies on our table, No. 2, of this, to find it of
a very high order of intelligence, and one which
must have an excellent effect on fostering Florida
interests. When we came to know that on its
staff was Mr. A. H. Curtiss, so well known as a
botanist and horticulturist, one good reason
for its excellence was apparent. Among other
good things we noted, was the foregoing method
of grafting the grape, which we think we have not
seen before, and deserves commendation for its
simplicity. It was contributed by Dr. J. C. Neal.

Gardening for Profit. — By Peter Hender-
son. O. Judd Company, New York. Third
Edition.

The first edition was issued in 1866, the second
in 1874, and now a third, just twenty years after
the first one. No better tribute to the value of
the work than by the call for these successive ap-
pearances. Naturally every year brings new ex-
periences, and teaches new lessons, and it is
extremely fortunate that the author has been
spared to revise an edition of which the first was
so well received. The forcing of fruits under
glass comes in for a shares of attention now,
which was denied the subject in former editions ;
and so many other topics have been included that
while the first edition occupied only 243 pages,
the present is paged to 375. It is a good proof
that the more profit we would maiie, the more we
must read and study to obtain it. A fair index, as
well as a table of contents, is given, which was ab-
sent in the first volume and greatly enhances its
value.

Nothing was said of fruits in the first edition,
but it is now so well understood that fruits and
vegetables, as a matter of profit, are in a measure
inter-dependent, that it is not possible to leave out
of " gardening for profit,', a glance at them both.

It is impossible to over-estimate the value of
this work as a practical guide to the would-be
market gardener, or indeed to many who already
regard themselves as proficient in the business.
The only improvement we would suggest, is, what
we have already taken occasion to note in works
of this character, that entirely too much space is
occupied by a description and discussion of the
merits of short-lived varieties. It reduces the
character to that of a niere annual catalogue of a
seedsman, and very much detracts from the value

of a standard work. Many successful men will
by no means agree that the varieties named are
all the most profitable or the best adapted for
general culture ; while the author himself, will, in
all probability, discard them himself long before
a new edition is called for. In this volume we
have a totally new list of potatoes from that given
in the first edition, a wholly new list of tomatoes,
only one of the original list of peas is left to us,
and so on, of other classes of vegetables. The
author himself seems in doubt about the pro-
priety of continuing in this old-fashioned line of
authorship, for in one case he notes that the hst
has been found useful "in the vicinity of New
York." We would manure and cultivate this
doubt, sure that it will result in adding to the
value of an already indispensable work.

The Swiss Cross.—TWs is the title of a new
monthly magazine for young people, who may
desire more intelligent reading than the average
of young people's magazines supply. It will be
published in the interest of the Agazzis Associa-
tion and edited by H. H. Ballard, and published
at 47 Lafayette Place, New York. The following
extract will show the useful character of the
serial :

^'Gigantic Seaweeds. — Every one knows that
the sea has larger animals than can be found on
land ; but, with the enormous sequoias of Califor-
nia in mind, many may be surprised to learn of
vegetable growths in the ocean vastly exceeding
in length, though not in bulk, these giants of the
forest. Recently the ship 'Clever,' commanded
by Capt. John Stone, arrived at Montevideo with
a portion of a seaweed which had been picked up
in the Atlantic near the equator. The sailors
perceived an object floating on the surface some
distance from the ship, and, manning a boat, they
rowed to it, and ascertained that it was an alga of
enormous size. On measuring it, it was found to
ha\^e a length upward of fifteen hundred feet."

The Book of Plans.— By Geo. A. Solly & Son, of
Springfield, Mass. This Book of Plans is some-
thing which will be welcomed by all lovers of
flowers, and particularly by those who yearly are
perplexed over suitable shapes and designs for
the flower-beds. The work consists of over 100
well-executed and accurate plans for carpet bed-
ding and other flower-beds, drawn on a large
scale. It is accompanied by a key which enables
one at a glance to see what varieties are required
to make their beds artistic and attractive. We
gave a favorable notice of it last year, and are
glad to know that it met with such success that a
second edition has been called for. It is just what
' the people wanted.

96

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[March,

A List of North American Plants.— H. M.
Patterson, of Oquawka, Ills., has published in
book form a list of all the plants known to North
America, which will be of great value to botanists
and others.

Book of Plant Descriptions, or Record of
Plant Analysis. — By Geo. A. Groff, Professor of
Botany, Lewisburg University, Pa, The book,
besides a glossary, is made up of blank forms,
to aid young botanists in analyzing plants.
Its usefulness and popularity is exemplified by
the fact that this is the sixth edition of the work.

Catalogues Received. — Boyson, Jas. L.,
Roses, Caen, Calvados, France; Bull, Wm.,
Select Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Chelsea, Lon-
don, England ; Burpee, W. Atlee, & Co., Farm
Annual, Philadelphia; Bush, Son & Meissner,
Price List American Grape Vines, Bushberg, Mo.;
Cannell, H., & Son, Floral Guide. 1887, Swanley,
Kent, England ; Cowan, A. D., & Co., Garden,
Farm and Flower Seeds, New York City ; Dreer,
H, a.. Garden Calendar, 1887, Philadelphia ; Far-
quhar, R. J., & Co., Rehable Seeds, Boston, Mass.;
Gregory, Jas. J. H., Vegetable, Flower and Grain
Seeds, Marblehead, Mass.; Hartland, Wm. B.,
Year Book of Seeds, Cork, Ireland ; Heineman,
F. C, Flower and Vegetable Seeds. Erfurt, Ger-
many ; Henderson, Peter, & Co., Everything for
the Garden, New York City ; Higley, Henry C,
Trade List, Plants and Seeds, Cedar Rapids, Iowa;
Hippard, E., Flowers and Plants, Price List,
Youngstown, Ohio ; Iowa Seed Company, Seed
Annual, Des Moines, Iowa ; Joseph Harris Seed
Co., Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Rochester, N,
Y.; Le Clare, Jas. F., Moore's Diamond Grape,
Brighton, N.Y.; McKee, J. A., & Son, Fruits. Vines
and Plants, Cynthiana, Ky.; Moore, Jno. B., & Son,
The Eaton Grape, Concord, Mass. ; NeUis, A. C. &
Co.,Wholesale Price List, N. Y City; Northrup, Bras-
Ian & Goodwin Co., Northern Seeds, Minneapolis,
Minn. ; Piercy, W., Chrysanthemums, London,

England ; Pinney, Geo., Wholesale List, Forest
Trees. Seeds, etc., Evergreen, Wis. ; Rawson, W,
W,, & Co., Hand Book, Vegetable and Flower
Seeds, Boston, Mass.; Reasoner Bros., Tropical
and Semi-Tropical Seeds and Plants, Manatee,
Florida ; Reeves, Robt. C, Garden, Field and
Flower Seeds, New York City ; Saul, John, New
and Rare Plants, Washington, D. C. ; Schroeder,
Dr. H., Wholesale Price List, Bloomington, 111. ;
Shelmire, W. R., Carnation Trade List, Avon-
dale, Pa. ; Smith, Wm. H., Seeds and Imple-
ments. Philadelphia, Pa. ; Swayne, Wm., Whole-
sale Trade List, Kennett Square. Pa. ; The Storrs
& Harrison Co., Semi-Annual Trade List, Paines-
ville, Ohio ; Tillinghast, Isaac F., Wholesale Price
List, Novelties, La Plume. Pa.; Will, Oscar H.,
Northwestern Grown Seeds, Bismarck, Dakota ;
Wilson, Wm. C, Wholesale Plant Catalogue, As-
toria, N, Y. ; Vaughan, J. C, Flower and Garden
Seeds, Chicago. Ills.

Catalogues, Late. — De Veer, J. A., Gladiola,
Lilies, &c.. New York City; Hooper & Co.,
English So^ds, London, England; Joosten, C. H.,
New Plants, Azaleas, Camellias, &c.. New York
City; Lovett, J. T., Guide to Fruit Culture,
Little Silver, N. J. ; Murdoch, John R. & A., Seeds,
Plants, Trees, Pittsburgh, Pa.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The New Type of Dahlia. — Elsewhere a
correspondent inquires where the new type of
French Dahlia may be had. Mr. Jean Sisley
tells us it is offered by the firm of Crozy Aine, of
Lyons, France.

Her Majesty Rose. — We have a very inter-
esting response by Mr. May to Mr. Terwilliger's
inquiries about this rose, but unfortunately too
late for space in our present number. It will ap-
pear in the next.

EORTICULWRAl SOCIETIES.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. —
The schedule of premiums, competition open to
all, issued by the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety, may now be had of Mr. Robert Manning,
Secretary, Boston.

Transactions of American Horticultural
Society. — This Society announces- that $2 is the
membership fee in this body, for which the mem-

bers receive a copy of the Transactions. As an
additional favor to the subscribers for 1887, they
will not only get the Proceedings of the Cleveland
meeting, but will be given a copy of Vol. II also.
Parker Earle, Cobden, Ills., is President, and W.
H. Ragan, Greencastle, Ind., Secretary. The
Cleveland address of President Parker Earle has
been issued in pamphlet form, and is of more than
usual interest to the horticulturists of the West,
where the peculiar conditions affect the peculiar
1 practices of gardening.

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Editod by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX,

APRIL, 1887.

Number 340.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The great difference between an artist in l^-nd-
scape gardening, and a mere loon, would proba-
bly be in the ability of the one to give an intelli-
gent reason for what he does, while the other could
do little more than say, '' I did that because I did."
Yet an artist's reason is not always the sole reason
for the work of the landscape gardener. The
artist, who is simply an artist, seldom considers
much besides the lines of beauty, but the land-
scape gardener has to study convenience as well.
Utility can never be forgotten by the landscape
gardener, and the beauty he strives for is seldom
appreciated, unless some useful object underlies
the whole, A winding carriage road, with its
graceful lines leading to the building, is a pretty
object in a picture ; but the landscape gardener
must remember that it is made for the purpose of
getting to a building, and that it must be hard,
solid, smooth, easy to travel over, and must not
curve for the mere sake of curving. He has, there-
fore, often to sacrifice some abstract principles of
beauty to gain the ulterior object, or he has to
make reasons to give color to the beauty he de-
sires. We give a very good illustration of this
principle in a view on next page, of the grounds of

Springhurst, the residence of Frederick Goodridge,
Esq., at Riverdale on the Hudson, The carriage
road leading to the house, from the west of the
pictifte, makes a nice, graceful curve, and easy
grade to the front door; but an excellent reason
for the curve at one point is the apparent necessity
for circling around the elm tree. Even one who
could give no reason for special lines, would see
that the absence of the elm would detract from the
beauty of the whole. Again, from the east of the
picture, another road has to connect with the
other. The bed of rhododendrons furnishes an
excellent reason for the junction at that point.
With that bed, the junction is a pretty feature.
The driver of a vehicle would never think there
was any thing improper in turning just there.
Imagine now the bed absent, and the impulse both
for driver and foot passengers would be to rebel
at the orders of the landscape gardener. The
"short cut" would be made in spite of him. The
designer would be compelled to revise his lines.
The curve to the east would have to start a little
beyond the lady and child, cutting off one-third of
the rhododendron bed on its westerly edge, and
coming into the easterly road very near to the
south-east end of where the rhododendrons are
growing.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

Even good landscape gardeners can not always
give a reason for what is done, but the lesson
taught is, that such reasons should always be in
mind, and should influence designing as far as
practicable.

Speaking of rhododendrons, it is pleasant to
note the increasing taste for this lovely evergreen
shrub. The great enemy to success is sun in win-
ter, and cold, cutting, wintry winds. Trees often
make good protectors against these enemies ;
where these are not at hand, artificial shade with

brids between the Rhododendron Catawbiense, of
the mountains of North Carolina, and the Rhodo-
dendron ponticum, of Asia Minor. The latter
species is somewhat tender in most parts of our
country, hence those hybrids that partake largely
of the nature of the ponticum, are not popular with
American planters, though thriving well in the
moister atmosphere of the old world. The hybrids
that have more of the nature of the Catawba spe-
cies in them, are perfectly hardy, and these should
be selected. The varieties are propagated by

Springhurst: Residence of Frederick Goodridge, Riverdale

branches of trees, corn-stalks, or some similar ma-
terial, is useful. The trouble with trees is, that
the roots make the ground dry, and rhododen-
drons hate dry ground. On the other hand they
I do not like ground on which water lies. Soil for
rhododendrons should hold moisture, but yet suffer
water itself to pass rapidly away. The immense
amount of fibrous, hair-like roots, give a ball of
earth to the plant, which enables us to transplant
them easily, at any season of the year. The beau-
tiful rhododendrons of our gardens are mostly hy-

layers or by grafting. When grafted, the wild R.
Catawbiense is used for a stock. The old Mountain
laurel is the Rhododendron maximum, although
the wood laurel, Kalmia latifolia, sometimes gets
called Mountain laurel also. This rhododendron
flowers later than the R. Catawbiense and its hy-
brids, and has not, so far as we know, been used
for hybridizing with the southern form. It is, how-
ever, an excellent one to have in a collection, from
its superior hardiness, and greater size. It usually
reaches double the height of the other one.

1887.)

AND HORTICULTURIST.

99

COMMUNICATIONS.

ROSES.

BY D. M. DUNNING.

II.

If the writer were asked to what particular fea-
ture of culture more than any other he felt that his
success with roses was due, he would reply, to the i
use of liquid manure. This is applied from the
middle of May — ^just as the foliage gets well started 1
— to the middle of June — when the roses are com- ]
mencing to open, and the resultant growth is both '
surprising and gratifying.

When the sap from this kind of food begins to
course through the roses, all insect life becomes
despondent, and the liberal quantities of it, soak-
ing down through the ground, mean death to the
larva of the rose-bug, and all the other miserable
depredators who happen to be lurking there.
Stir up a half bushel of cow manure in a barrel of
water, and let it stand a day or two. Use quite
weak at first, and gradually a little stronger, once,
twice, or three times a week.

The evening is the best time to apply it, and
give after it a good, thorough watering, washing
well the foliage. This will neutralize the effect of
the manure if too strong, and thoroughly clean the
foliage of all insects.

I always have a supply of nice black leaf mould,
which I spread over my rose beds very thin, every
time they are made up in the flowering season,
which is about once a week.

It adds greatly to their appearance, and I think
helps to retain the moisture in the ground.

As I cannot always be explaining about it, I am
afraid that sometimes people think the roses are
growing altogether in that kind of soil, and thereby
account for their thrifty appearance; but this
would be a great mistake, for I know to my sorrow
that hardy roses will not flourish in a soil of leaf
mould.

A pleasant diversion in the way of rose growing
is to select a straight shoot of some strong growing
kind, like Charles Lefebvre or Jean Liabaud,
which often throw shoots eight or ten feet in length,
and turn it into a rose tree by cutting it off at
about five or six feet from the ground, and rub-
bing off all the lower buds as soon as they appear
in the spring, allowing, perhaps, a dozen of the
upper ones to grow, to form the head of the tree.
All growth below this head is rigidly rubbed off
through the season, and if not too many buds are
allowed to bloom at one time, a Charles Lefebvre
treated in this way can be made to show a contin-

uous bloom throughout the summer, and becomes
a very attractive object in the rose garden. The
laterals should be pruned to one or two buds each,
when the tree is laid down in the fall, and after
the second year the head must be thinned out
somewhat, to keep it from becoming too dense.
On a head of Charles Lefebvre treated in this
manner, I counted, last June, the second year of
its tree form, over three hundred buds, about two-
thirds of which were at once removed. A tree of
this kind should be protected from the sun, and
supported by a strong stake driven on the south
side of it, and reaching quite up to the head.

A very interesting feature of rose growing to the
amateur is, the narnes and descriptions of the dif-
ferent varieties. There are some twenty or thirty
varieties of such remarkable beauty, and excellent
qualities, that I cannot resist giving a brief de-
scription of them just as I have found them in a
practical way. It was a description of the vari-
eties that attracted my attention more than any-
thing else in Mr. Ellwanger's paper.

Previous to this I did not know that there were
any hardy roses that were good for anything. I
had tried some of the old varieties like Giant of
Battles and Caroline de Sansal, without any satis-
faction, and I was delighted to find that there
was such a list of hardy roses so well recommen-
ded to work from. Some of the names rang in my
head until I had bought them, and planted them,
and watched them into bloom, and they never dis-
appointed me.

In preparing a list of our finest roses now, I
should place among the first, a rose which Mr.
EUwanger succeeded in raising, after he prepared
his list, which is Marshall P. Wilder. This rose
probably has more points of excellence than any
other rose we have.

It is of a clear crimson color, beautiful in the
bud, which is very rare among hardy roses, and
beautiful in all the stages of its bloom ; hardy, and
of good growth, very fragrant, and is the most
continuous bloomer of any of this class of roses.
It certainly is a great pleasure to have this beauti-
ful rose left with us as a souvenir of the one who
raised it, who did so much more than anyone else
to advance the interests of rose growing among
us, and also in remembrance of the one whose
name it bears.

Louis Van Houtte is undoubtedly the very best
dark rose we have, combining all th° good quali-
ties above mentioned, except that it is somewhat
tender, and requires good winter protection. Its
rich, dark, velvety petals make it a great favorite

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

everywhere. Other beautiful dark roses are Prince
Camille de Rohan. Baron de Bonstetten, and Jean
Liabaud, any of which will at times rival the former
in beauty, and they are more rugged in constitu-
tion and stronger growers, but they are not such
free and continuous bloomers as Louis Van Houtte,
which alone among the dark roses can make claim
to good remontant qualities.

Eugenie Verdier ranks first with me among the
light roses. It is somewhat tender, and has but
little fragrance, which little shows the tea blood in
its parentage, but has the most magnificent buds,
and lingers several days in the half open stage,
rivalling in beauty in this state, any other rose
that we have. The color is a bright silvery pink,
shaded with a delicate tint of salmon. I predict a
small fortune for the florist who is successful in
forcing this rose for the New York market.

Other light roses are, Gabriel Luizet, which com-
bines great beauty with hardiness and fragrance,
but rarely blooms late in the season; Baroness
Rothschild, which probably has more admirers
than any other rose, on account of its large size
and perfection of form, each rose being a bou-
quet of itself as it nestles down in its beautiful
foliage.

There is no rose that shows a wider margin of
beauty, between good culture and poor culture,
than the pure white Mabel Morrison. It is simply
a white Baroness Rothschild, somewhat more deli-
cate in size and fullness of flower, and has been
so far with me the only good white rose that I
have had, excepting the two old garden roses,
Madame Plantier and Madame Hardy, which
everyone should have. The white hybrid Noi-
settes I do not regard as worth cultivating, on ac-
count of the poor quality of the flowers, but in thus
describing them I do not include the beautiful
Eliza Boelle, so delicately shaded with pink ; and
the hybrid Noisette, Madam Auguste Perrin, will
give more blooms than any other rose throughout
the entire season ; they are always perfect in
form, of a clear pink color, and full of the old
fashioned fragrance.

I have a feeling, from what I have seen of the
new white Merville de Lyon, during the past sea-
son, that it is going to be a great help to us in the
way of a supply of beautiful white roses.

The rose Ettienne Levet has asserted itself for
the past two years in my garden as almost un-
equalled for beauty of form and color, and I wish
it were more generally cultivated.

Glory of Cheshunt is a new rose which I think
is bound to come to the front, and Annie Wood

is an old rose, which should have come to the
front years ago, each of them having sterling good

qualities.

It is seldom that we have such a beautiful rose,
and at the same time so hardy, and of such easy
management as Anne de Diesbach.

We never half appreciated this rose until it was
sent out under a false name (Gloire de Paris) and
sold all over the country at fabulous prices.
j Quite similar to it in habit, and the peer of any rose
in many respects, is Francois Michelon, with its
noble pendant blooms of globular form.

Two very desirable crimson roses are, Marie
Bauman and Alfred Colomb, quite similar, the
former excelling in freedom of bloom, and the
latter for beauty.

Other good crimson roses are, Charles Lefebvre,
of strong growth, Charles Margottin, which does
not fade in our hot sunshine, and Gen. Jacquemi-
not, a strong grower and continuous bloomer.

Two quite unique roses are, Marquise de Castel-
lane, and Edward Morren, the former of great
beauty on its stubby, thorny wood, and the latter
with a very peculiar shading of color, which looks
: as though it might have some material stored
! away for a future yellow, among our hardy roses,
which would be a most acceptable addition to the
family.

Such good honest roses as Marguerite de St.
i Amande, John Hopper, Abel Grand, Jules Mar-
gottin, and Louise Odier, the latter a perfectly
hardy Bourbon rose, look very plain when com-
pared with some of the more striking beauties be-
fore named, but they are always with us, and • I
trust will always remain.

1 There are two of the hybrid Teas, which I have
grown for years among my hardy roses, with
great satisfaction, viz.: La France and Captain
j Christy. They are the only two of this large
family that seem rugged enough to flourish in our
climate. I find it an easy matter to carry them
\ through the winter safely, but the difficulty is to
get sufficient heat through the flowering season to
j bring the flowers to perfection. La France gives
1 the better satisfaction, blooming continuously
' throughout the season, many of the blooms being
of remarkable beauty and unequalled for fra-
grance.

Captain Christy must have the best of care, and
be severely disbudded, to bring any flowers to per-
1 fection, but one seldom sees a more beautiful rose
than a perfect Captain Christy.

[Read before the Horticultural Society of West-

ern New York.]

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS.

BY DIGRAM.

By the side of a road leading from near the top
of the elevator of the Genesee Falls Hotel down
to the river's edge, I saw for the first time, a year
ago, the shrubby, deciduous-leaved Shepherdia
Canadensis.

Growing to a height of six feet, this vegetable —
to use a word frequently employed by Michaux —
has rusty scaled branches, and leaves with a sim-
ilar under-surfacing, the latter being green above
and in shape elliptical or ovate.

The Shepherdia is a native. Its natural hedge
height and foliage, somewhat privet-like in out-
line, might suggest its use for enclosing an orna-
mental piece of ground. Trimming would be un-
necessary, unless lowness or a greater density
were desirable. On a lawn devoted to plants with
blotched and unusually colored leaves, or as a
central object in a circular or oval bed of sedums
or rich flowered herbs, it would play an effective
part.

Some of our indigeni— to coin a word— are so
backward that they require to be introduced over
and over again before they feel well at ease
amongst conspicuous strangers. This dweller on
the borders has evidently not yet had its first call
to come out and make the acquaintance of the
public. Rochester, July 6, 1886.

[The Shepherdias have been in some request in
gardens, chiefly for the beautiful berries they bear.
Unfortunately, the male and female flowers are
on separate plants, — dioecious— so people seldom
get berry -bearing plants. But, as our correspond-
ent well notes, they deserve cultivation for the
pretty fohage alone. — Ed. G. M.]

the drill earth enough to cover the seed 2 inches
deep. As soon as the plants appear through this
covering draw in 2 inches more of earth, and so
on until the drill is filled even with the surface of
the ground, or the seed may be dropped and cov-
ered in the usual manner.

The surface of the ground sometimes becomes
hard just as the young plants are about to appear,
especially after a shower followed by a hot sun
and unless some means are taken to prevent this,
many of the young plants will not break through
the soil, and no more will be seen of them than if
the seed had not germinated at all ; and annoying
gaps will appear in the rows. A slight raking

I just as the plants are breaking ground will pre-
vent this, and also kill any small weeds that may
have started.

The only laborious task in the cultivation of

I sweet peas is bushing them, and bushed they must

' be almost as soon as they are well up. The es-
sayist uses birch brush, the same as for tall-grow-
ing eatable varieties. Wire hen-netting makes an
excellent support and is very neat. Whatever
they are trained on must be firmly secured in po-

j sition, as the vines when fully grown will surely
be blown down unless strongly supported. What-
ever supports are used, it will be found an excel-
lent plan to place them in position before the peas
are planted ; then sow a row of seed on each side

I of the support, which, when the vines are grown
will be entirely hidden from view, and a beautiful
wall of flowers will be the result,

[Read before the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

CULTURE OF SWEET PEAS.

BY M. B, FAXON,

In regard to sweet peas, the essayist thought all
present would agree with him that the sweet pea
is the most desirable annual in cultivation. Its
delicate fragrance, beautiful form and variety of
coloring make it a favorite with the florist, while
its easy culture and long continuance ot blooming
secure its cultivation in every flower garden.

Sweet peas must be planted as early in the
spring as the ground can be worked. The seed
should be sown in drills and covered at least 6
inches deep. This may be done in two ways.
Having prepared the ground and made the drills
the desired depth, drop the seed and draw into

Tall Grass. — A correspondent of the Country

Gentleman notes that as this grass (Panicum san-

guinale) is an annual, it may be destroyed by not

mowing the lawn after this grass starts to grow,

till it has grown up tall and is about to flower.

; By thus mowing it before it seeds, we may get rid

[of it.
I

Perennial Phloxes. — These are propagated

by cuttings of the flower stems if they are taken

off before the flower buds are formed. Indeed

all herbaceous plants, including the Hollyhock,

can be raised this way.

Culture of Herbaceous Plants. — During a
discussion on herbaceous plants before the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society, every speaker laid
! stress on the importance of giving these plants

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

plenty of rich food. Failure to succeed often
Game from poverty of the soil.

Japan Lilies. — Do not forget that these and
all other Lilies like a rich and cool soil. Some
of the most successful we ever saw were planted
in among a lot of Rhododendrons, where they
were kept very cool.

Gaillardias. — For flowering in American
gardens through the summer the Gaillardia is an
excellent plant. It does not mind heat or drought,
and flowers till frost. Though annuals, they pro-
pagate from cuttings much as Petunias do.

Violets. — There are few more acceptable
flowers than the Violet. To have them to perfec-
tion they are best set in the open ground for sum-
mer, and then lifted for potting or putting in
boxes or benches in the fall. They like rich soil
to grow for the summer, must on no account be
allowed to get dry, and if in a partially shady
place, all the better.

The Snap-Dragon. — The old-fashioned Snap-
Dragon is a fine out door summer flower, but
when sown in spring they do not flower till late.
They are best raised from cuttings and kept over,
turning them out in spring. There are many
beautiful varieties now listed in florists' catalogues.

Polyanthus. — The old-fashioned Primroses
known as Polyanthuses, from the many flowers
on one stalk, while the Primrose of the poets has
but a single flower, have nearly disappeared from
gardens, and more's the pity. The gardens of
our grandmothers, which had all these pretty
things in them, will soon be at a premium, and a
handsome one too. Plenty of manure, and not
too hot or dry a place in summer is all the care
these lovely things desire.

Culture of Sweet Peas.— At the February
meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety, Joseph H. Woodford said that for sweet
peas he digs a trench two spades deep and fills in
with manure and mixes it with the soil, so as to
be 2 or 3 inches below the surface. On this he
sows the seed, covering it an inch, and when the
plants are up drawing more soil on, so that the
ground is level when he sticks them. He puts in
heavy sticks, as he must, to support them. The
flowers must be picked every day, or you will not
have any late ones. The object of all annual
plants is to grow, bloom and perfect their seed,
and when they are allowed to do the last, they die
and you get no more flowers. The first flowers of
the aster are from the centre of the shoots and are

very fine, and if you pick these you will get
flowers from the side shoots. Pansies are fond of
moisture and cool soil, and will bear the highest
manuring if the manure is somewhat decomposed.
He manures them highly in a trench with the
coolest manure he can get. If very dry he would
water with pretty strong liquid manure — not im-
mediately around the plants, but would make
holes between them and pour the manure in. He
picks them because he wants them, but never lets
them mature seed.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

White Variety of American Wistaria. —
Mr. Geo. G. Atwood, Geneva, N. Y., writes : " The
article, p. 38, Feb. No. of the Monthly, reminds me
that we had a Wistaria frutescens alba in bloom
here last season. The cluster was about the size
of a bunch of grapes, compact, creamy white, and
profuse in bloom. The best thing about this vari-
ety is, that it is a stronger grower than the Chinese
white, and is hardy here. The leaves of Chinese
white curl up, which checks its growth, making it
a slow climber, while the W. frutescens alba is as
strong a grower as frutescens."

A Small Yard. — "Ignoramus," Philadelphia,
says : " I am in search of information in your line,
and do not hesitate to lay my wants before you.
I have moved to a house that has got a good yard to
it, something that I have never had before, although
I've longed for it so much. Now I want a garden,
and come to you for advice as to how to lay out
my plot, and as to what to plant. No vegetables.
Size, 20.5 X 1 1.9. Please to assist me in my
troubles and I will be ever so thankful."

[Those who do not know the blessings they
possess in a few acres of ground around their
dwellings, may imagine the pleasure it would give
one brought up in a large city, who, like this cor-
respondent, can feel so happy over a bit of ground
not larger than a good sized parlor would occupy.
No one could tell definitely how to make the most
of a little place like this, without seeing it, and

j knowing something of the tastes of the owner.

j Something green all the year is desirable, and yet
something that will not take much room, and for

1 this a bush or so of the mahonia, yew, or Euony-
mus japonicus would be very desirable. A nar-
row walk through the middle, edged with box, or
with conch-shells, if the four or five feet borders
are to be filled with flowers. On the neighboring

i fences or walls, hybrid perpetual roses or noisettes

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

103

might be trained. In some of the more shady
nooks, periwinkle might be planted. If the gar-
den is somewhat shaded, and a hydrant and hose
at hand, it would be an excellent place for a rock
work and ferns, should the owner incline to that
class of plants, — or if it is sunny, a rock work for
hardy cactuses, sedums and other succulents
would be desirable. As a rule, more pleasure will
be derived from some specialty of this kind in a
small place, than in gathering up anything that
comes first.— Ed. G. M.]

Rare Evergreens at Mr. John Wanamaker's.
— A correspondent says : " While on a recent
visit to 'Lindenwood,' the residence of Mr. John
Wanamaker, at Jenkintown, near Philadelphia, I
was pleased to notice a few very fine specimens
of rare evergreens. Among them were two beau- j
tiful Nordmann Firs, (Picea Nordmanniana), one
of them at least twelve feet high and propor-
tionally wide. It stands in an open space between '
the house and the road, and its dark green foliage
contrasts strongly with the gray of a large Hima-
layan Pine (Pinus excelsa), eighteen leet high, ;
and ten feet broad, which stands near it. i

"There are also good specimens of the Stone Pine
(Pinus cembra). Cephalonian Fir (Picea Cephalon-
ica), and different varieties of the Retinospora.
I was shown an Oregon Maple that was planted
as a memorial tree by Mr. Wanamaker and eleven
of his family and friends.

" One thing that I noticed, was the remarkable
thriftiness of several large Hydrangea paniculata
grandiflora, which were growing immediately
under some large oaks, showing conclusively that
it is a shrub that will grow in the shade, and
where it must necessarily be very dry in summer.

" The finest rhododendrons I ever saw, are grow-
ing in large beds around the house, and although
the ground is very devated, and is exposed to the
winds, the foliage is very little, if any, browned.
The beds on the north side are sheltered by some
bundles of corn-stalks. This is the only protection
given to them. Much credit should be given to
Mr. Alex. Young, the efficient gardener, for the
excellent appearance of the whole place, especially
in the large palm house, which he takes the great-
est interest in. He has a great many rare palms
and orchids, in an excellent state of cultivation."

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Very much more attention is being given to the
culture of Amaryllis as pot plants, than formerly.
We know a friend who has a fair collection, and
he is rarely without some one in flower the whole
year round. Though they well repay a close
study of their peculiar wants, they are fortunately
so constituted as to do fairly well under even
shabby treatment, and are therefore nice things
for novices who have little practical experience in
plant growing. The friend to whom we have re-
ference, moves all his plants out of doors to a
partially shaded place for the summer. It is cus-
tomary with some of the best growers to give the
plants certain seasons of rest, when the pots are
set on their sides, and the soil and bulb allowed
to become dry ; others insist that this is not
necessary but that the plants may be kept on just
as other plants are, and that they will do equally
well. There is evidently much to learn about

these plants in connection with American treat-
ment. We have had from time to time the ex-
periences of some correspondents, and more
would be desirable. In the Old World the cul-
ture is advancing as fast as in ours, and some
nurserymen make growing Amaryllis an especial
branch of their trade. A large house full of flow-
ering plants is a particularly brilliant object and
draws crowds to admire them. We give on p. 104
an illustration of the house of Mr, WiUiams, who is
well known in America by his advertisements
in the Gardeners' Monthly. It may help those
who love to look on things critically, to say that
in these modern times, botanists have removed
nearly all the kinds we know as Amaryllis to
other genera, and these illustrated in particular to
Hippeastrum. The old Amaryllis Belladonna is
nearly all that is left to Amaryllis proper. But
the term, Amaryllis, as signifying the whole family,
without any regard to any special genus in the
family, is very convenient, being so widely known,
and will be long retained by plant growers.

I04

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

COMMUNICATIONS.

emphatically yes, it grows ; with me it is by far
the strongest growing rose I have ever seen. I
have just pruned a house of it here, which had
plenty of canes 14 to 16 feet long, grown since

FAILURE OF HER MAJESTY ROSE.

BY J. N. MAY.

At page 42, your correspondent, Mr. S. F. Ter- | the 9th of January, last year, the "date they were
williger, asks if this rose ever grows, and is free planted. They were then very small plants.
of mildew. To the first question, I would say ' Some few of these plants flowered, and grand

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

105

flowers they were, too. The largest one I ex-
hibited at the Spring show of the New York Hor-
ticultural Society measured 19;^ inches in circum-
ference, and very fine in color considering the
plant which bore it only landed in America on
or about Christmas Day — a little over three
months before the bloom was exhibited. These
plants all grew in a very healthy way till we stopped
firing ; then, as abundance of air was left on the
house during almost all kinds of weather, if
mild, they very quickly began to get affected with
mildew, and continued to be so during the entire
season. But after careful consideration of this
subject, I am somewhat inclined to think that the
extreme change this rose was subjected to had
something to do with this. It must be borne in
mind that these plants had probably never been
subjected to any forcing at all in England, but as
soon as they reached these hospitable shores they
were made great pets of and immediately put into
the warmest corners of every establishment where
they were distributed to, and forced for all that
was possible to do— so much so, that the rose did
not get the slightest chance to become acclima-
tized. To show that I think there is considerable
cause for mildew in this treatment, I kept a few
plants cool during the winter, and in the spring
when shipping other goods, I sent one customer
in a Southwestern State, six of the original plants
and six young ones which I propagated myself
— all grafted plants. The original plants grew to
be 12 to 15 feet high during the summer, and
scarcely had any mildew the whole season ; while
the younger plants were very badly affected from
the date of planting — so wrote my customer in
November last ; and although this may be an ex-
ceptional case, yet it goes to prove that the hard
race to which this rose was subjected, had some-
thing to do with the bad character it has got for
mildew. The house in question, which I have to-
day (February 12th) started, I shall treat all
through just as I do all the other varieties of Hy-
brid Remontants, and if I succeed in making it
bloom to my satisfaction, I will then give the
readers of the Monthly opportunity to come and
see it in its blooming state, due notice of which I
will give them through the columns of this paper.
If it is a failure, I will also be frank with your
readers, and tell them so.

Your correspondent also asks if I will tell him
why it is that the Bennett gives him so many nasty,
dirty, purple buds at the same time, and on the
same plants, that give the bright handsome ones.
I have given this matter considerable thought all

through this and last season, and can only account
for it by the deficiency of some necessary element
in the soil in which- the plants are growing to pro-
duce the requisite coloring matter for all the buds
at the same time, as the same thing often occurs
in other bright-colored roses. Summit, N. J.

THE NAMELESS BEAUTY ROSE.

BY NANZ A NEUNER.

You had a short article about the Rose, Name-
less Beauty, or Namenlose SchGne, in your mag-
azine last year. Let us proceed to give our ex-
perience. To try the winter-blooming quality of
this rose, we imported a number of plants, and
planted 150 on a bench last fall, and we must say,
were pleasantly surprised with the result. Only
about three to five per cent, of all the shoots miss
to produce buds ; most of the plants had three to
four buds and flowers at one time. The habit is
dwarf and compact, foliage light green and lux-
uriant. Scent, very sweet ; color, pure white, with
very light flesh-colored tinge in center. With one
word, this valuable Tea Rose blooms more freely
than any other sort we know of, and we don't
doubt that this rose will become popular as a forc-
ing as well as a bedding rose. Louisville, Ky.

[These specimens of Namenlose Schone, or
Nameless Beauty, fully bear out the character
given in Germany, and which led us to reproduce
the engraving. On opening the box the fragrance
of the pure white flowers at once filled the room,
and the long stems of the clustered flowers bore
out the account we have already given of them.
-Ed. G. M.]

PANCRATIUM OVATUM.

BY STEWART RITCHIE.

This fine Amaryllid has to be seen in full bloom
to be appreciated. It bears several spikes, each of
which is surmounted by a large umbel of pure
white funnel-shaped flowers. These, when backed
up with its beautiful foliage, make it a noble and
attractive plant. Of all the pancratiums I consider
this one of the finest. It requires a stove or warm
greenhouse to grow it to perfection. I find the
following treatment to suit it perfectly : They
are increased from offsets that push up from |?he
base of the flowering bulb, and which, if severed
from the bulb that produces them, with the roots
which they have made entire, will at once com-
mence to grow.

To thus increase them, it is necessary to turn

io6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

LApril,

them out of the pots and shake the soil away, so
as to separate them without injury to the roots.
But this is an operation which should not be
resorted to often, as they do not like being dis-
turbed at the roots, and offsets increase faster by
being left on the parent plant till there are several
of them to take off. As they do not like to be med-
dled with in a growing state, the operation should
be performed when they are at rest. The young
stock thus removed should be potted in small pots,
the size of which will be regulated by the size of
the bulbs ; on no account should they be over- j
potted, as, if too much room be given them, they
will never do well, and the soil is apt to sour.
Therefore, the principal thing to avoid in cultiva-
ting this class of plants is over-potting. The
best soil to use, is a good loam, well incorporated,
with a little sand and rotten cow manure. In pot-
ting, disperse the roots evenly in the pot, keeping j
about two-thirds of the bulb above the soil, which
should be rammed well with the potting lath, to
make it quite solid. They should have plenty of
light. Be careful not to over-water them until the
roots begin to grow freely, after which they must
have as much as will keep the soil moderately
moist until after their growth is made. If the
plants are small, it is better to keep them growing
for the first season, the idea being to get them as
large as possible. When they fill a 7-inch or 8-inch
pot well with roots, then they can be treated for
flowering, which should be done by giving them a
good rest, say for four or five months. If you want
them to bloom about Christmas time, let them rest
during the summer months, giving them as much
water as will keep them from getting dust dry. As
this pancratium belongs to the evergreen section,
it should never be allowed to get too dry, or will
suffer. About the first of November the pots
should be examined, to see if the drainage is all
right, or if they need a shift into a larger pot.
Now is the time to do it, but remember they must
not have too much pot room, or your flowers will
be scarce. You can have them in flower at any
time of the year, according as you regulate their
resting period, but I should think winter preferable
to have them in bloom, as any one who can boast
of a garden and greenhouse has plenty of flowers
out of doors in the summer. They are not
much subject to insect pests, although green-fly,
thrips, and scale will live upon them if not taken
good care of. A liberal use of the syringe and
tobacco smoke will exterminate the former, and
the latter can be removed with the sponge.

Water ville, N. V.

NOTES OF A VISIT TO JOHN WANA-
MAKER'S GREENHOUSES.

BY J. M.

At the residence of Mr. John Wanamaker, at
Jenkintown, Pa., there is quite an extensive range
of greenhouses. The whole place is under the
management of Mr. Alexander Young, a gardener
well known about Philadelphia for his love of
plants. Passing through the place recently, un-
der his guidance, afforded a rich treat, everything
being in first-class condition, and evident care
being taken to have everything orderly, and ar-
ranged with an eye to neatness. There is a house
or two devoted to the production of flowering
plants, to be used temporarily in Mr. Wana-
maker's city residence; otheis for the production
of cut-flowers for the same purpose. There is
also a house devoted entirely to orchids, rare
foliage plants, ferns and similar nice things ; and
in this house it seemed that Mr. Young was very
much at home. Among other interesting things
was a group of Nepenthes, in which were the fol-
lowing beautiful sorts : Intermedia, Mastersiana,
Rafflesiana, Morganiana, Hookeriana, Chelsoni
and Hookeriana elongata. Evening approached
before the half of the nice things could be noticed,
but a note was made of the following — a few only
of what are there : Pritchardia grandis, Areca
nobilis, Angraecum eburneum supurbum, An-
thurium crystalinum, Dracaena umbraculifera,
Croton Andraeanum, Ceroxylon niveum, Latania
rubra, Pritchardia aurea, Sphaerogyne latifolia,
and some extremely well-grown plants of the old,
but most useful orchid — Bletia maculata, or Phajus
maculatus as it is properly called now-a-days —
which were in full flower. Philadelphia, Pa.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The ciliated-leaved Stigmaphyllum, (S. cilia-
turn.) is a very handsome, free-flowering stove or
warm greenhouse plant, belonging to the Natural
Order Melpighiaceas, and may be described as
being a twining evergreen plant growing from
3 to 6 feet in height, having opposite cordate,
cihated, glaucous leaves, and the bright yellow
flowers, which closely resemble some species
of Oncidiums, are produced in the greatest pro-
fusion in axillary umbels, from three to six large
flowers being produced on each umbel. It flowers
more or less throughout the year, but is at its
best during the late summer and autumn months.
It is a native of Brazil, from whence it was in-

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

107

troduced in 1840, and it first flowered in Eng-
land during the summer of 1841. It is a plant
easily grown, doing best in' a compost of two-
thirds well-decayed sods, and one-third well-de-
cayed manure. In potting, use porous or soft-
baked pots, and see to it that they are well
drained. Be careful to allow them an abundance
of pot room in which to develop their spreading,
fleshy roots.

In cultivating this plant, it is well to remember
that it can be grown for two distinct purposes, viz. :
as a climber for outside decoration during the
summer and autumn months, and as a climber for
the decoration of the stove or warm greenhouse
during the autumn and winter months; and to do
the plant justice, it should be grown specially for
one purpose only.

When grown for outside use, it should be given
a sunny situation, a deep, well-enriched soil and
copious waterings during seasons of drought. The
plants should be examined occasionally during
their season of growth, and their shoots so trained
as to cover the desired space. Tine plants can be
placed outside about the tenth of May, and taken
up towards the end of September. In potting, use
as small pots as possible, and place them where
they will receive an average temperature of 55°.
Water should be given as sparingly as possible
at all times, the object being to keep them in a
dormant state until it is time to plant them out.
But in order to ensure success, it is absolutely ne-
cessary that the plants be strong and healthy
before they are planted outside.

When grown under glass, they should be
planted out in a nicely prepared border, and
grown on carefully. Water should be given as
often as necessary during the plant's season of
growth, and they should be syringed occasionally.
After the plants cease blooming, it is well to keep
them rather dry at the roots for some two or three
months, in order to give them a period of rest.

When grown outside, the plant is perfectly free
from all insect pests, but when grown under glass,
it is often troubled by the red spider ; so to guard
against this destructive pest, it should be freely
syringed.

Propagation is effected by cuttings of the half-
ripened wood placed in sand and given gentle
bottom heat, or the plant can be propagated by
layering during the summer season ; the latter
method being to amateurs the best way in which
to increase their stock of plants.

The generic name is derived from "stigma," a
stigma, and "phyllum," a leaf, the stigma being

foliaceous ; and the specific alludes to the hairy
margins of the foliage. Queens, N. Y.

[We agree with Mr. Parnell; this curious and
beautiful climber is worthy of a prominent place
among outdoor summer climbers. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Two Promising Florists' Roses.— Puritan,
white, and Mrs. John Laing, light rosy pink, are
getting some reputation.

Mealy Bug. — A correspondent of the Garden
finds that soapy water with about a wine-glassful
of coal oil to one gaUon, syringed on plants cov-
ered with Mealy bug, will destroy the insect.

Peculiar Roses. — Never a new rose appears,
but every now and then some one arises to pro-
nounce it " no good." It may be a kind that has
been in good and healthy existence for a quarter
or half a century, but let it once become a popu-
lar florists' flower, and some one finds out that it
will not grow, will not be healthy, or something
wrong or other with it. This should suggest that
treatment may be wrong, and no doubt it often is.

Standard Geraniums. — Last year some grow-
ers exhibited these in Paris, trained to a head on
single stems, and they seemed to strike the popular
favor.

The Popular Roses. — For cut flowers with
florists, Bennett, American Beauty and Mermet
continue very popular this season.

Iron Greenhouses.— Mr. Falconer, in a note
to American Florist, tells that Mr. DeForrest, at
Madison, one of the largest rose growers in
America, proposes to build all his houses of iron
in future.

"Over HEATED Wood. —People are not gener-
ally aware of the danger of fire connected with
the exposure of wood for long periods to a com-
paratively moderate temperature. Mr. Braid-
wood, superintendent of the London fire-engine
establishment, stated before a committee of the
House of Lords, that, by exposure to heat not
much exceedmg that of boiling water, timber is
brought into such a condition that something like
spontaneous combustion takes place ; and that it
may take eight years for the heat from pipes
charged with or used to convey steam, hot water,
or heated air, laid among the joists of a floor, or
in the heart of a partition, or elsewhere in a build-
ing, incased in timber, to induce the condition
necessary to the actual ignition of the timber."

The above is from the February Swiss Cross,
but the Gardeners' Monthly has for many years
past urged the fact on the attention of greenhouse

io8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

builders. It may be added that enclosed v\^od
fires quicker than when the wood is on some sides
surrounded by the outer atmosphere.

we commented favorably in our last. They were
indeed among the most beautiful flowers we
ever saw in the Begonia family. We now give

Eegonia semperflorens gigantea rosea.

Begonia semperflorens gigantea rosea. — an illustration of it. Mr. M. tells us that it was
Under this name we received from Mr. C. H. raised from a cross between B. semperflorens and
Murphey, Urbana, Ohio, some blooms on which | B. Roezli. It is a vigorous strong growing plant.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

109

round and bushy in form, the everblooming rosy
carmine flowers being borne along the stems but
well up above the foliage. To our mind it is one
of the grandest additions to winter-blooming Be-
gonias that we have had since the introduction of
Begonia rubra.

Paper Flower Pots. — This is the latest in-
vention, according to the Evergreen. A great ad-
vantage over the ordinary pot is claimed for them
in this that they will not break when plants are
shipped in them. On the other hand it is claimed
that the want of porosity is against them as com-
pared with the clay pottery in use.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Nevi^ English Roses. — We have had lists of
the best French roses of recent introduction. It
is claimed for two new English Hybrid Perpetuals
— Grand Mogul and Silver Queen — that they also
are of very high character. They are seedUngs
from Paul & Son.

Leptosyne maritima. —This pretty California
annual obtained much favor as a florists' cut
flower in Philadelphia last winter, having been in-
troduced chiefly by Lonsdale & Burton. It is
one of the " Daisy " class, as it is becoming fashion
able to call all compound flowers used by florists
Plants for winter flowering must be sown about
mid-summer.

The Puritan Rose. — This pretty seedling of

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Senecio cineraroides. — This is the name of
the plant referred to in the following from Mrs.
Mary Ann F., West Phila. : "Will you kindly
state the class, also its English name, to which the
enclosed specimen belongs ? The stalk is a straight,
stiff one, the flowers come in clusters of 8 and 10
bunches on the very tip. We have a buttonwood
geranium, and at first supposed it of that class.
The leaf enclosed is the largest one on stalk. The
stalk is about 10 inches high."

[This is a very pretty old-fashioned flower, an
excellent window plant, with the name at the head
of the paragraph. If has no English name that
we know of. It belongs to the same family as a
common English weed known as groundsel, —
pronounced "grunsle" — and if you prefer an
English name, it might be called Cineraria ground-
sel. And now, pray, what is " buttonwood gera-
nium ?••— Ed. G. M.]

Yellow Fuchsias.— A "Subscriber," Beverly,
N. J , writes : " In the February number of the
American Garden, there is a letter signed by Mr.
Peter Henderson, of Jersey City Heights, in reply
to a query, ' Is there such a thing as a yellow
fuchsia ?■ in which he states, ' there is not, and
never is likely to be, at least of a color to be called
honestly yellow,' etc.

" Now, may not the F. fulgens, with its beauti-
ful long tubular bunches, of rich chrome colored

„ , , ■ 1 T- r r)i -1 J 1 I,- flowers, be very properly classed as a yellow

Bennett, for which Evans, of Philadelphia, gave ' "^ . , f . ,

^ , , , , . . . ,, fuchsia ? It certainly is not necessary, to entitle a

for the whole stock $2,000, is growing m favor „ , ,, , . ,

growing
with florists.

A New Kalanchloe— K. carnea. — In many
windows and old greenhouses, a plant is com-
monly found that roots easily from the leaves.
These are somewhat fleshy, and root where they
fall. We never heard any common name for it,
but it was known to gardeners as Bryophyllum
calycinum. A closely allied plant has been intro-
duced from South Africa by Messrs. Veitch &
Sons, which has been named as above. The
habit is much the same as the old favorite, and it
has in addition, fragrance and pink flowers.

Primula obconica. — This new species, intro-
duced from China by Veitch & Son, through Mr.
Maries in 1880, and already noticed by a corre-
spondent of the Monthly, is increasing in popu-
larity, and promises to be as widely known as the
famous Chinese Primrose of the olden time. It is
a much stronger grower, and produces an immense
number more of flowers.

flower to be called yellow, that it must be of that
particular shade existing in the dandelion, etc."

Destroying Thrips. — The Country Gentleman
remarks that the Editor of the Gardeners' Month-
ly permitted a correspondent to "misspell badly
the name of this insect." We are obliged to our
friend for the correction. It shows how, when a
bad habit is acquired, it is difficult to break from
it. There is no singular to thrips, any more than
to scissors. It is a thrips or the thrips, one or
more, as in " a scissors" or "many scissors."

Heating by Steam. — It is generally believed
that steam heating is not economical, as compared
with hot water, in very small plant houses. A
Philadelphia amateur informs us that he had a
comparatively small house heated by an Exeter
steam boiler, and knows from actual experience
that it required no more attention in cold weather
than hot water, and was in every respect more
economical and more satisfactory.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

An Aphis Injurious to Rose Leaves.— Mr.
John White, of Pittsfield, Mass., sends us speci-
mens of an aphid, which seems, he says, to attach
itself to a leaf, and to seem almost inseparable
from it, doing much damage to the foliage. Prof.
Riley decides it to be one of the aphid family, prob-
ably the one known as Siphomophora rosse. These
are attacked by a parasite which destroys and puffs
them up, making them seem much larger than
when in their natural state — as house-flies are at-
tacked by a fungus in the fall of the year, and are
attached to glass by fine threads, as most observ-
ing persons have noted. Possibly in some way
these aphides get attached to, and destroy the rose
leaves, but we have no positive information at
hand on this point.

Vapor of Tobacco.— Mr, Charles Joly, of Paris,
referring to page 12, says : " Please do not forget
that the smoke of tobacco, and the vapor of to-
bacco juices, have altogether a different effect,
particularly in greenhouses on delicate flowers."

A Scarlet Carnation, — A correspondent in-
quires for the " best scarlet carnation for a market
grower." We hardly feel warranted in naming any

one as " the best. " for each grower has his fancy.
We should be disposed to look on Alegatiere, a
well-known French variety, as one of the best to
grow for profit, but we are open to conviction if
others have the evidence.

Blindwood on Roses. — A correspondent ven-
tures an opinion that " the reason why so many
complain of blindwood, is, that they use nitrogenous
manure too freely. Every gardener knows that
some kinds of manure make vegetables grow all
to leaf. We give rich stable manure to cabbages
and celery, because we want leaves, but when we
grow beans and peas, we want flowers, and stable
manure we do not use till it is almost rotted away.
So with roses, I think."

Manuring Roses. — A correspondent says a rose-
grower, with no experience in the business, had a
magnificent house of 500 roses, and killed them

j all by putting a handful of guano at the roots.

I We have seen men with loads of experience do

! just as funny things. They are not always green-
horns that put gas tar on hot water pipes. The

j chief trouble comes from not reading the Garden-

i ERS' Monthly.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

In no class of vegetables has there been so
much improvement of late years as in celery.
The chief effort of improvers has been in the di-
rection of getting plants with an abundance of
short and thick leaves. The old tall form, with
only some five or six stalks fit to eat, costs im-
mensely in earthing up, and is not the best
adapted to dainty tables. The Boston Market
was a great advance in this direction, since when
there have been a number of dwarf and stocky
kinds introduced. It will not be long before
we get varieties so broad and stocky in their
growth, that a simple tying up of the leaves, as
used to be done with the Cos lettuce, will be all
that is needed to blanch the leaf stalks. This will
save an immense amount of labor in earthing up.
It is still a question whether it is best to dig a six-
inch deep ditch in which to plant celery, or to set
the plants on the surface of the ground. Where

the culture is by the plough, ditches are seldom
thought of, as the plough can lift the earth re-
quired for blanching ; but for garden or spade
culture, the lifting of so much earth adds materi-
ally to the labor. Again, the ditch or trench per-
mits water to be used to good advantage, and the
manure is dug in where it will do the most good.
On the other hand, it usually requires more ma-
nure for trench culture than for surface culture,
because sub-soil is usually poorer than surface
soil. It is also charged that pithy celery is more
apt to follow trench culture than surface culture.
There are some, however, who contend that pithy
celery comes from a too copious supply of water
to celery in trenches, rather than to the fact of
trench culture. All these differences of opinion,
however, show how little is really known of the
exact conditions necessary to the best success in
growing celery.

Very many of the answers as to the best
methods of growing fruits and vegetables, de-

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

pend on circumstances. The grower of tomatoes care of itself. The Dwarf pear must have continual
for instance, le:s the plants trail over the ground knowledge and skill. Hundreds of thousands of

at will, when he has a few acres under culture ;
but those who have little ground to spare, find
great advantages in the use of stakes or trellises.
Besides, much finer fruit can be had from plants,
supported, than from plants left to ramble at will,

dollars have been wasted on them. The man
who looks after the cow or the horse, and can
mow and keep clean the grass and grounds, cannot
be expected to manage a Dwarf pear tree. Still,
in good hands, the Dwarf pear is a very desirable

They do best on stakes set firmly in the ground, j thing to have,
four feet apart. On account of the great weight [ In planting Dwarf pears, it is very important
of a tomato in fruit, it is very difficult to keep the to have them on a spot that has a moist sub-soil,
plants tied to smooth stakes. For this reason, either naturally or made so by sub-soiling or mix-
portions of trees that afford 6 inches or so of side | ing some material with the soil that will give out
branches, are excellent when they can be had. } moisture in dry weather. Trees already planted
When nothing but smooth stakes are to be ob- ; on a dry gravelly subsoil, should have a circle
tained, the twine used for tying up the plants i dug out two feet deep, and two or three feet from

should first have a lap around the stake, which is
some safeguard against slipping. These heavy
tomato stakes, should be planted before the tomato
vines are set.

It is not generally known that cucumbers for
garden use, do much better when on some such
stakes as recommended for tomatoes. They climb
small by tendrils, which cannot attach themselves
to thick stakes. For cucumbers, therefore, a lot

the tree. This should be filled up with well-en-
riched soil. If the Dwarf pear does not grow
freely, it is a sign that something is wrong. It
should at once be severely pruned, so as to aid in
producing a vigorous growth.

Grafting can be continued till the buds of the
trees are nearly pushed into leaf. Sometimes,
from a pressure of other work, some valuable
scions have been left on hand too late to work.

of twiggy brush-wood should be tied around \ It may be interesting to know, that if such scions
the heavy stake. The cucumber will then climb are put into the ground, much the same as if they

up easily.

In the Eastern States, much difficulty is being
found in the asparagus culture, from the ravages
of the Asparagus beetle. It is a very pretty little
insect, but a terrible enemy to deal with,
however, be readily destroyed by the

were cuttings, they will keep good for six weeks
or two months, by which time the bark will run
freely, when the scions may be treated as buds,
and will succeed just as well as buds taken from

It can, j young summer shoots.

use of Buds that were inoculated last fall should not

Paris green or London purple. It must not be j be forgotten ; but as soon as vegetation has pushed
forgotten that this is a poison very dangerous to | forth, the buds should be examined, and all

human life ; and the application, therefore, should
only be entrusted to careful hands. We should
look as closely after its use, as we would to a lot
of gunpowder. The application should not be
made till after all cutting for the kitchen has
ceased lor the season; and it must be well seen
to that none of it blows on to cabbages, lettuce
or other crops that would collect it between their
leaves. As we might say of gunpowder to the
community, so we might say of arsenical poisons
to the gardener and fruit grower : it is one of the
most beneficial of discoveries, but must be intelli-
gently and carefully used.

Dwarf pears— that is to say, pears grafted on
quince roots— are not nearly as popular as they
were a few years ago, chiefly because it requires
very much more intelligent knowledge of the prin-
ciples of gardening to attend to them properly,
than most persons can give them. The Standard
pear, when once planted, will in a measure take

other issues from the old stock taken away. It
may also be necessary to make a tie, in order to get
the young shoot of the bud to go in the way from
which you would not hereafter have it depart.

Few things mark a well-kept garden better than
an abundance of all kinds of herbs. Now is the
only time to make the beds. Sage, thyme and
lavender grow from slips, which may be set in
now, precisely as if an edging of box were to be
made of them. They grow very easily. Basil
and Sweet Marjoram must be sown in a rich, warm
border.

COMMUNICATIONS.

KIEFFER PEAR, DOUBLE WORKED.

BY EDWARD HARRIS.

In reply to your inquiry in regard to double work-
ing the Kieffer Pear (in March number) I would state
I have two trees which were originally Duchess.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

lApril.

When the Kieffer craze struck us here these trees,
then about three or four years old, were cut down
close to the ground and a scion inserted. They
have done very well and I have gathered some
very handsome specimens from them, but I have
not seen any differehce in quality between them
and those grown on standards. It would be very
desirable to raise this pear of average gooi qual-
ity, but how we shall do this does not yet appear,
unless it is all in the manner of ripening. The
best I have ever eaten were grown on a light
sandy soil. Peter Kiefifer's soil, is, I think a pretty
stiff clay. With me they vary exceedingly and
when I get a good one it is a matter of good luck
purely. Moorestown, N. J.

[We are glad to get this note as it gives zest
still to the inquiry, why a pear sometimes good
should not always be so ?— soil, stock, and hand-
ling, each may have some influence. If we could
find out how much, the pear grower would have
the whole matter in his hands to great profit. —
Ed. G. M.l

NOTES ON MUSHROOM CULTURE.
BY THOMAS BENNETT.

I am glad to find the mushroom is getting to
be appreciated in this country. Not many years
ago, it was little known or valued, except by a
few. Now its price is regularly reported with
other vegetables, in the market notes of the New
York and Philadelphia newspapers. I have been
many years trying to establish a trade, by encour-
aging the growth of this valuable esculent amongst
the people.

The last United States Agricultural Report for
1885, has done good work in describing the edible
kinds ; as found growing wild in places congenial
to their growth ; in setting forth the nutritious
qualities of these as compared with other food ;
and also in showing their commercial value as
carried on in the old countries of Europe and
Asia — from England and France to China and
Japan. It appears, as a people, we are behind
the age in our knowledge and appreciation of this
most nutritious of plant food ; for, as compared
with flesh or vegetables, it has been found by
analysis, we are told, to be superior to any of
these, and its nutritive qualities more highly con-
centrated. But whatever value may be found in
the wild or natural growth, it appears to me it is
to the cultivated mushroom we must look for our
principal benefit or advantage in these Northern
States. These can be grown all the year round,

with some trouble, cost and expense, of course ;
but whether for marketing or home consumption,
in most cases will now, I think, amply pay the
grower.

Twenty years ago, I raised more than I could
sell in New York city at any fair price, and I
longed for a good market. A few restaurants and
hotels, such as the Delmonico Brothers, were my
principal customers. Times have changed since,
and it appears to me we are only in the beginning
of a greater change.

The more general the artificial cultivation of
mushrooms becomes, the more they will be appre-
ciated, and, of course, the more in demand. With-
out a market there is no use in trying to raise
them on any extensive scale. Out-door cultiva-
tion is of little value in this climate. They must
be grown under cover to any permanent advan-
tage. The old-country plans must be modified
according to circumstances, and here is where
the novice often fails.

Another, and the principal cause of failure is,
the want of proper preparation of the manure. I
think it is not generally understood that the same
manure that will grow a poisonous toadstool to-
day, will, in three or four weeks hence, raise an
edible mushroom. No matter how good the
spawn is, if planted in badly-prepared material,
it will produce a more or less unhealthy — perhaps
poisonous— growth.

It is also a great mistake to suppose that mush-
rooms grow better in the dark than in the light,
or that darkness is essential to their growth. In
my practice, the reverse is true, and mushrooms
grown in the dark will be found both tough and
less wholesome than those grown in the light.

At least a little air and a little light are necessary
for wholesomeness' sake, as I think I stated to
you in a former communication on this subject.
This is said with a knowledge of the fact that they
will grow in the dark very well, and that we are
told the French grow large quantities in under-
ground excavations, quarries or pits.

A certain English writer or compiler has told us
very gravely, that salt is useful to a mushroom
bed. This is contrary to my practice, and I be-
lieve has no precedent in the encouragement of
any fungous growth; but the contrary I have
proved to be a fact. However, we know that salt
sweetens land, and may, in course of time, be favor-
able to mushroom growth out of doors, but fresh
salt is very different. I will not encroach on your
valuable space by arguing this question, as every-
one may prove it for himself. Let any person put

1887. 1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

"3

a pinch of salt on the pileus or cap of a grov,-ing
mushroom, and leave it there for twenty-four
hours, and then look at the result. If he thinks it
has improved its growth, then I give up; but if it
is dead, and looks most disgusting, then there
need be no more said, I think, on this matter.

They are now rightly named hot-house mush-
rooms, and they must have artificial heat for six
or seven months of the year, in these latitudes.
In the summer they require no artificial heat, but
must be grown in a cool cellar or house adapted
for the purpose, where the thermometer will not
register more than 65O; 60° being their proper
growing temperature.

After a practice which extends over forty years,
I have concluded that a quart to every square
foot is a good yield for a mushroom bed in this coun-
try. Some beds will yield a great deal more.
Their time of growth in an ordinary greenhouse,
includes from about the 1st of October to the ist
of May, sometimes longer, but this chiefly depends
on the temperature of the house.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

and in this vicinity undoubtedly ranks next to the
Russet, or perhaps superior to it. The St. Law-
rence, Oldenburgh and Twenty Ounce appear to
be among the best fall apples for this vicinity.
The Oldenburg demands a close market, however,
as it decays soon. The Russian apples of recent
introduction are not yet sufficiently known to be
recommended for profit.

[The above good hint is from the Bulletin of
the Agricultural College Ed. G. M.]

MARKET APPLES FOR THE VICINITY OF
LANSING, MICHIGAN.

BY PROF. L. H. BAILEY, JR.

Until the last few years the Baldwin has held
the first place among market apples. The in-
creased severity of the winters, resulting from the
destruction of timber, has caused the Baldwin to
suffer above most other popular varieties. Dur-
ing the winter of 1884-5 fifty old trees were killed
in the College orchard, of which over forty were
Baldwins, the remainder being mostly Rhode
Island Greenings. In fact, there is not a vigorous
tree of these varieties left in the orchard. All
others among the market sorts were not injured.
It is more and more evident that the Golden Rus-
set is one of the best market apples for this region.
The tree is remarkably hardy and vigorous and a
good bearer. The apples are uniform in size and
color, very firm, fair, and good keepers. In mar-
ket they bring twenty per cent, less than Baldwins,
but this difference is overbalanced by their pro-
ductiveness and hardiness. Russets should be
barreled in the fall to prevent withering. The
Spy is a tardy and unreliable bearer ; the apples
are often very imperfect, and they are too tender
for distant markets. I should not recommend it
here for the flatter lands. Fameuse is one of the
best when the fruit is fair, but it is unreliable.
Canada Red, top-grafted, is one of the very best,

A TENNESSEE FRUIT REGION.
BY C.

I thought a description of this section would
be of some interest to your readers. I have
visited several localities in search of a good
fruit-growing section, where lands could be had
at a reasonable figure, and where the climate
and air are conducive to health. I think I can
safely recommend as a fruit section, Lawrence
county. It is situated in Middle Tennessee, at an
altitude of 1,000 feet above tide-water. The sur-
face is level and undulating to broken. The lat-
ter is along the streams. The level and undulat-
ing lands are the great reservoirs from which
numerous streams and springs flow. The soil is a
mulatto-brown and underlaid with a red and yel-
low subsoil. As a fruit growing section, this
highland rim, cannot be excelled anywhere in the
State. Apple trees reach the same maturity here
in five years as they do in the North in ten, and
retain their vigor at a greater age. Apple and
{ peach trees will bear some the second year and
will pay a handsome profit at five. The red
mountain Limbertwigand the Ben Davis, will pay
! an immense profit. Mr. Rainey kept these va-
rieties until June, and sold his Ben Davis at $z
per bu. He says this is a better fruit section for
1 apples than round Chattanooga, where fruit lands
are selling from ^50 to $75 per acre. He stands
I at the head of his profession, as a fruit man, in
the South. He has set out one hundred acres in
apple orchard near Summertown. Mr. Marsh has
I some of the finest peach and apple trees I ever
I saw for their age. His trees bore some the
; second year. The best soil for all kinds of fruit
I is the high table .land, and the light colored soil,
i Pears and plums are large and finer flavored than
I those growing in the North. They can be had
j from June to October. All the small varieties of
j fruit do well. Blackberries, strawberries, rasp-
berries and grapes are found here in abundance.
I All lovers of fruit can have their tables well sup-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

plied the year round. There is no doubt in my
mind that this will be the fruit belt of the South.
One hundred miles south of here apples cannot
be successfully raised; while in Iowa, Illinois,
Indiana and Ohio, the apple trees have mostly
been killed by the cold winters. Situated as we
are between the two, fruit raising cannot help be-
ing profitable. The mineral resources are being
developed in this and adjoining counties. When
fully developed this industry will give us a home
market for all our surplus fruit. Lands adapted
to fruits and vegetables can be had along the rail-
road line at a nominal figure. Parties wishing to
engage in fruit culture, should visit this section,
and see for themselves.

ESSENTIALS OF A PERFECT GRAPE.

BY W. J. GREEN. j

"What would we consider a perfect grape ? What '
are the essential requisites ? These :

1. A large amount and the proper proportions
of sugar and acid.

2. A good flavor.
A tender, melting flesh.
Large and compact clusters.
Large berries, firmly adherent.
Few and small seeds.
A thin skin.
A fruitful, vigorous vine.

9. Good keeping qualities.

10. Longevity.
Perhaps a fuller account of these requisites will
bring more clearly before us, " the perfect grape "
for which we are looking.

1. Should there be but a minimum amount of
sugar and acid the grape would be insipid. The
Concord and the Salem possess this defect to some
extent. Should there be a large amount of acid,
and little sugar, the grape would be sour. The
Hartford Prolific is an example. Too much sugar
for the amount of acid, or rather too little acid for
the sugar, is a fault of many of our grapes— the
Delaware for example ; but it is not a very ob-
jectionable feature. The Catawba is a good
example of a grape with about the proper portions
of sugar and acid in a moderately large amount.

2. A grape that does not possess an agreea-
ble flavor is of little value for eating fresh, though
perhaps of some value in the kitchen, where the
flavor may be supplied artificially. The flavor is
an element aside from the taste given by the sugar
and acid. We speak of the grape as having a
musky, or vinous flavor, or aromatic, or foxy flavor.

or perhaps of an agreeable, or a delicious flavor,
each of which is independent of the sugar and
acid. Some grapes possess a fine perfume, also,
which is a desirable quality, and should be men-
tioned in connection with the flavor, although it
may not bear any direct relation to the latter.

3. The flesh should be tender, melting in the
mouth. Goethe, Salem, Witt, and Allen's Hybrid
may be cited as possessing this quality, while
Hartford Prolific and Venango are examples of a
tough flesh. The nearer the flesh approaches a
liquid condition the better. Freedom from pulp,
as the Herbemont and Adriondac, is desirable.

4. Too small bunches is a fault possessed by
several excellent grapes, notably the Delaware. A
large bunch, like that of the Niagara, or the
Wilder, or the Agawam, or the Empire State, is a
desirable quality. The bunches should also be
compact, like those of the Delaware, Clinton, Ives,
etc. One objection to the Catawba is the loose-
ness of its bunches.

5. The berries should be large, uniform in size
and firmly adherent to the stem. The most
prominent of the defects of the Northern Mus-
cadine is the falling of the berries as soon as
ripe. The persistence with which the berries
cling to the stem is one of the desirable features
of the Catawba, the Niagara and the Empire
State. Large berries like the Catawba, Niagara,
and Rogers* seedlings— as Wilder, Goethe, etc. —
should obtain. The small size of the berries is
alone sufficient to exclude the Delaware from the
list of perfect grapes. The color might properly
be mentioned in this connection. Whether it is

I black, red or white is perhaps of little moment ;

j but the color should be clear and bright. All

' dull colors are objectionable. The presence of
bloom is also desirable, especially on the dark
grapes. It adds to the value of the Concord and
Adriondac.

I 6. As we do not depend upon the seeds for
reproduction of the grape, the fewer and smaller

'\ the seeds the better. Of course we must depend

I upon seeds for the improvement we are to make ;
but when the "perfect grape" is once secured,

' there will be no further need of seeds.

! 7. The skin of the berry should be thin, making

j but a small part of the grape. But it should be
sufficiently tough to prevent breaking in ordinary
handling. A tough skin is especially necessary

j for marketing, but for home use the more tender
the skin, within certain limits, the better. A tough
skin is also sometimes desirable in order to better

' resist the depredations of insects, supposed to in-

1887.)

AND HORTICULTURIST.

"5

jure some varieties. Among the varieties possess-
ing too thick a skin are the Lydia and the Isabella.

8. Although a grape possess all the other re-
quisites and not be fruitful and vigorous, it could
not, I think, be pronounced a perfect grape. No
one will devote much time to a vine that returns
but a few clusters a year for his pains. A shy
bearer cannot be an ideal grape. Vigor of vine
includes not only good growth, but hardiness and
freedom from mildew and other disease, liable to
attack poor growers. The "robust health and
rugged hardiness, productiveness and general
adaptability to all soils," of the Concord have
long been important factors in popularizing this
variety ; the same must be said of any grape to
be of the first importance. The Empire State and
perhaps the Pocklington, of the new grapes, pos-
sess these features. The JefTerson and Isabella
are sufficiently productive, but are not hardy
enough for this latitude. Evenness of ripening is
a point to be observed in connection with the
fruitfulness. The berries upon a bunch should all
ripen at the same time. The variableness in time
of ripening is a great defect of the Diana. Free-
dom from rot is another important factor in the
series of qualities of "the perfect grape." The
Vergennes, a good grape in many respects, is sub-
ject to rot in some localities. The popularity of
the Niagara may in the future be diminished by
its being subject to rot and mildew in some sec-
tions.

9. Good keeping qualities may not be regarded
by some as essential to the best grape ; yet we
cannot say that we have attained perfection in the
grape, until with the other qualities, we have a
good keeper. Some varieties perish almost as
soon as ripe, while there are others that may be
kept the year through. A grape that will retain
its freshness and flavor for a long season, is a
valuable one, though it may not be of prime
quality to begin; but good keeping qualities
coupled with all the other requisites will certainly
be an acquisition.

10. And lastly, but perhaps not least, the vine
should be long lived. It should not be neces-
sary to renew the vineyard every five, ten or
twenty years, but the vine should live indefinitely,
possessing vigor throughout its whole life.

When we have produced a grape possessing all
these qualities, it will, I think, have " the essential
requisites of a perfect grape." Perhaps when the
ideal here figured shall be attained, other qualities
will be found desirable. In fact the standard of
perfection in the grape, as in all products of hu-

man labor, is constantly advancing. Each pro-
gressive step points to yet higher, better, nobler
things still to be achieved.

[From Proceedings of the Columbus, Ohio,
Horticultural Society. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Codlin Moth. — Though most of our
readers know about the Codlin moth, and how to
decrease the number by cleaning off the loose
bark, wrapping hay bands around the trunk, and
by other watchful maneuvers, the annexed from
the Gardeners' Chronicle, varies the theme some-
what, and we think, instructively to our readers :

"The eggs of this moth are deposited singly on
the apex of the ovary when the apple is in flower,
or on the crown of the fruit later in the season ;
the caterpillar is hatched in a few days, and eats
its way to the central portion of the ovary, and at
first does not attack the coveringwhichimmediately
protects the young seed. It prolongs its burrow
until the rind of the fruit is pierced, forming a
tortuous gallery by which air is admitted and ex-
creta discharged. The caterpillar now returns to
the core of the fruit, pierces the covering, and ob-
tains access to the seed, upon which it feeds until
the apple falls, when it ascends the tree and enters
the chrysalis state, which in the earlier part of the
season is of short duration, the moth emerging to
deposit Its eggs as already described. The num-
bers of this destructive pest of the apple tree, may
be lessened considerably by stripping or cutting
off all loose bark on the stem and older limbs, and
all moss or lichen should be scraped off, so as to
afford the least possible shelter for the caterpillar
after it leaves the fruit, and expose it for a longer
time to the attacks of birds. The best period to
destroy the insect is during the caterpillar stage,
when advantage should be taken of its habit of
climbing the stems of the trees. Bands of stout
paper 5 inches wide are attached to the stem in
such a way that the upper margin fits tightly all
round, whilst the lower margin is sufficiently loose
to allow the caterpillar to creep beneath it without
difficulty. The insect readily takes possession of
the shelter afforded by the band, and, constructing
a light web, passes into its dormant state. The
bands should be examined once a week, and the
caterpillars destroyed. All fallen fruit should be
promptly collected, and destroyed before the
caterpillars have time to creep out."

Strawberry Supports. — In order to keep
strawberries from the earth, amateurs in Europe,
who do not mind a little trouble to get a good
thing, use wire supports. They are circular wires
about a foot over, supported on three legs, which
have a kink in them to prevent too deep pene-
tration of the earth. The leaves and flower stems

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

are drawn through the circle, and thus the fruit is
supported when mature.

The Stanton Plum. — This is a purple-blue
variety, rather above medium size, and as we
judge by a plate in the Horticultural Art Journal,
is a very abundant bearer. It is introduced by
Hammond & Willard, of Geneva, N, Y., and this
is all in its favor, for if anyone knows what a good
plum is, it is they.

Progress Grape. — This is an early red variety,
originated, it is said, in Norfolk county, Massa-
chusetts, but brought into notice chiefly in Georgia,
where it seems to have a good reputation.

Black Rot in Grapes. — The following abstract
of Mr. Scribner's excellent paper on the grape rot»
is from the New York Independent :

"The disease known as the black rot in grapes,
has been determined to be the result of the attack
of a small fungus, allied to that which produces
the knot in the branches ot the plum. Mr. Scrib-
ner refers to it as Physalaphora Bid wellii. The dis-
ease was first noted as being particularly destructive
in Southern Ohio in 1848, and the fungus which
produced it, first described by Dr, Engelmann, in
the Transactions of the Academy of St. Louis, in
1861. It has spread to all the grape-growing
States east of the Mississippi, and is spreading be-
yond, being destructive now in Kansas. It
usually appears when the berries are two-thirds
or nearly wholly grown. A livid brown spot ap-
pears on one side, eventually covering the berry,
the berry finally appearing rotten, though main-
taining its normal form. Eventually small black
pustules appear from the part first affected, and
finally cover the whole surface of the berry. It
takes from one to five days to effect these transi-
tions. As soon as the berry exhibits any sign of
the malady, the mycelium, under a microscope,
may be detected traversing the cells, at frequent
points beneath the cuticle some of the threads ab-
ruptly terminating in order to form the vesicles de-
signed to contain the spores. These vesicles are
of the usual two sexual characters. In the pycni-
dia or reproductive cysts, the spores are found at
the apex of short threads. The spores escape
through an opening at the apex of the pycnidia ;
the spores germinate in water in the space of
three or four hours, and these form the plant, as
the mycelium might be termed. The spermatia,
by analogy perform the duties of pollen, but have
been known to germinate and produce filaments
of the appearance of mycelial threads. It is sus-
pected that the fungus is only a stage or develop-
ment of some other fungus at present unknown.
Besides this method of reproduction, berries that
fall to the ground produce conidioferous filaments,
and the conidia produce mycelia as in the other
case. The fungus has, in all, four kinds of repro-
ductive bodies. The fungus remains over the
winter in the form of mycelium in the berries, or
falling in the earth. Persistence in gathering or

burning the infested berries, might possibly eradi-
cate the pest, if the parasite does not make its
home in the young growing wood as well as in
the berries. In some cases, the trimmings of the
immature branches are burned also. From whence
this great pest to the grape-grower emerged is yet
a mystery. Science, however, is getting close on
its heels. It has shown what it is, and how im-
mense numbers of its forces may be successfully
attacked, and though the whole of the true in-
wardness of the enemy has not yet been laid bare,
the practical grape-grower has cause to be thank-
ful for the work that has been done. Professor
Scribner, who has been for the past year studying
the diseases of plants under the Department of
Agriculture, has furnished most of these interesting
facts."

Planting Asparagus.— It is still a mooted
question, how wide to set asparagus roots. Three
feet each way is the widest, and one foot the least.
The former gives large, succulent shoots; the
latter, of course, smaller. But one cannot get the
same quantity from the wider rows, though the
product will bring a higher price. As a medium
distance, 18 inches apart may be desirable. Three
feet is good where the ground has to be kept clean
of weeds by hoe-harrow. We should be glad of
somebody's actual experience.

Rhubarb. — To get the best good out of it, rhu-
barb should be put into very rich soil. It is propa-
gated by splitting up the old crowns, so that a
leaf bud is attached to every piece of root. It
can also be raised from seeds, but these do not
always give us the kinds we want, and it takes
several years to get good strong stalks. When well
grown, good rhubarb needs no stringing before
being cut up for pies.

Horse-radish. — It is still a mooted question,
how best to plant horse-radish. Straight clean
roots are aimed at. One of the best growers we
knew, cut roots to pieces the size of marbles, made
a hole with the dibble, and dropped the piece a
foot or more below the surface. But the ground
was rich, moist and heavy; and in two years the
plant was fit for market. The young root pushed
up straight to the surface from the bottom, and
grew.

Japan Cherry Bean, — M, Vilmorin & Co,, of
Paris, have introduced the Haricot cerise du Japon
as a really good introduction. Though the bean
itself resembles somewhat the round white pole
bean of our growers, the pods are somewhat neck-
lace-shaped, and the product enormous. We sup-
pose our leading seedsmen will have introduced
some of it this year.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

117

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Hardy Black Cap Raspberry. — "H. H. C. B.,"
Eureka, Wis., asks: "Is the Nemaha any hardier
than the Gregg raspberry ? I lose very much
in the latter and I think this winter will not
prove an exceptional one. The mercury on this

river (Fox, Winnebago county) has dropped to
43° below."

[The Gregg is naturally as hardy as any of its
class, but under cultivation, the hardiest kinds get
their vital powers ultimately impaired. As a gen-
eral rule, therefore, the newest introduced kinds
will be found the hardiest.— Ed. G. M,]

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE COST OF FENCING TIMBER IN PENN-
SYLVANIA.

BY THOMAS J. EDGE, SEC. PENNA. STATE BOARD OF
AGRICULTURE.

From the reports made to the State Board, I
arrive at the following conclusions :

That the cost of broad chestnut rails varies from
eighteen dollars per hundred in Philadelphia
county to three dollars per hundred in Fulton,
Greene, and Huntingdon ; that the cost of pointing
the rails is much less variable than the price, per
hundred, and varies from one dollar and seventy-
five cents in Indiana and Juniata, to seventy-five
cents per hundred in Cambria, Clarion, Fayette,
Franklin and Greene.

That the cost of chestnut posts, in the rough,
varies from twenty-two dollars per hundred in
Philadelphia county, to but four dollars and fifty
cents in SuUivan, and four dollars and seventy-five
cents in Potter.

That the cost of hewing and mortising posts
varies from twelve dollars and seventy- five cents
in Juniata, to but four dollars in Bedford, the
latter price, however, being manifestly too low to
include the board and wages of a good hand at
the work.

That locust posts, in the rough, vary in cost from
forty dollars m Adams, to fifteen dollars and fifty
cents in Cambria.

That the estimated cost, ready to put up, and
including materials and labor, of a four-rail post-
and-rail fence, varies from one dollar and twenty
cents in Philadelphia county, to but thirty-five
cents per panel in Fayette.

That the cost of worm fence rails varies from
twelve dollars per hundred in Philadelphia, to but
two dollars in Fulton— which we think below the
actual value or cost.

That the total cost of a five-rail (with rider)
worm fence ready put up and including materials
is found to vary from seventy-five cents in Phila-
delphia, to twenty-six cents in Greene.

That the cost of sixteen-foot hemlock fence
boards varies from thirty dollars in Adams, to but
seven dollars in Clearfield.

That the cost of sixt-^enfoot pine fence boards
varies from thirty-five dollars per thousand in
Adams, to but ten dollars in Clarion, a variation
of seven dollars per thousand being shown be-
tween the pine and hemlock in Lycoming county.

The chestnut posts suitable for a board fence
cost seventeen dollars per hundred in Indiana,
and but five dollars in Clearfield, Columbia, and
Forest, and but four dollars in Crawford.

That locust posts, suitable for the same purpose,
cost at the rate of thirty-five dollars in Adams,
and but twelve dollars in Clearfield, Dauphin, and
Lancaster ; much of this difference is, however, due
to the difference of opinion which exists as to the
size of posts for this^purpose. Some of the answers
which specified a driven post were excluded from
the estimate.

That the cost of a four-rail board fence, includ-
ing materials and ready to put up, varies from one
dollar and forty-five cents in Allegheny, to forty-
five cents in Westmoreland.

That the cost of a similar fence with five rails
varies from one dollar and sixty cents in Alle-
gheny, to but fifty-five cents in Potter and West-
moreland.

That posts for a wire fence vary in cost from
fourteen dollars in Philadelphia, to four dollars in
Clearfield and Crawford.

That the estimated cost of putting up a five- wire
fence, materials not counted, varies from eight
cents per rod in Bradford and Dauphin to thirty
cents in Cambria.

From the reports furnished by our reporters, we

Ii8

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

I April,

take the following average of each item of infor.
mation asked for :

Chestnut rails, (rough,) 87 00

Pointing rails 1 05

Chestnut posts (rough,) 11 34

Locust posts (rough, ) 23 87

Hewing and mortising posts 8 88

Cost of four-rail fence 63

Cost of five-rail fence 69

Rails for worm fence 4 72

Worm fence, per panel 42

Hemlock boards, (16 feet,) 12 79

Pine boards, (16 feet,) 18 25

Chestnut posts, board fence 9 45

Locust posts, board fence 18 00

Four- rail board fence 79

Five-rail board fence 90

Posts for wire fence 9 52

Putting up wire fence, per rod 14

Cost ot wire fence per rod, 60

In a paper recently read at one of the meetings
of the Board, by Eastburn Reeder, member from
Bucks county, he estimates the cost of making an
ordinary four- rail post fence, (chestnut,) as follows :
Post, twelve cents ; rails, ten cents each, or forty
cents ; total cost of material, fifty two cents ; labor
ol setting, twenty-four cents ; total cost per panel
of ten feet, seventy-six cents, as against our average
over the whole State of sixty-three cents. In this
estimate he gives the cost of hewing and mortising
posts at eight cents, and pointing at two cents
each, or respectively eight dollars and two dollars
per hundred, as against our average of seven dol-
lars and one dollar and five cents per hundred.

Mr. Reeder gives the following itemized estimate
of the cost of a four-rail board fence per rod :

Forty feet of hemlock boards, at $20 per hundred 80 cents.

Two chestnut posts, at S12 per hundred 24 "

Nails 1 "

Labor 5 "

$1 10

In making a comparison between the figures of-
fered by Mr. Reeder and those which represent
the average of the State, it should be remembered
that his are from a county in which fencing timber
and wages are much above the average of the
State, and that his figures wiil be correspond-
ingly above the State average of cost of fencing.

[The above is from a report made to the State
Board by its Secretary.— Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Cembran Pine. — Though never likely to
be popular as a timber tree in America, because
of its slow growth, it has a good reputation in the
land of its birth for many useful purposes. The
largest specimen we have seen in American gar-
dens is about 25 feet high ; but we suppose there
must be maturer specimens, and we would be growth ever exceeds this,

glad to know who has a really fine specimen, and
how high it is. It is said to reach 100 feet high
in the European Alps, at elevations of about 5,000
feet. It extends through Central Europe to Si-
beria and Kamtchatka. There is a very dwarf
form not introduced into our gardens so far as we
aware, found in Siberia. It rarely exceeds 4 feet
high.

The Cembran Pine is found at higher eleva-
tions than even the Larch. The chief carved

Cembran Pine.

work of the Swiss is made from this Pine wood^
the grateful resinous odor of the wood giving the
work an additional charm. A remarkable fact
is, the tree when growing in Siberia has no odor
to its wood. On account of the agreeable odor,
it is a favorite in some parts of Europe for flooring
and wainscoting. The nuts are as popular for
eating as the Pinon with the Mexican Indians.
It is often called the Stone Pine, and the Swiss
Stone Pine, though, as in the case of all the Pine
family, the same names are often claimed for dif-
ferent things. When young, the tree makes but
an inch or two a year. When the plant gets to
about 2 or 3 feet high, it will make about 6
inches ; and when 4 or 5 feet, the annual growth
will be about a foot. It is rare that the annual

.8870

AND HORTICULTURIST.

119

Its value in ornamental gardening can, how-
ever, scarcely be over-estimated. There are many
places where an evergreen is wanted, that will be
satisfied for many years with a limited area.
There is nothing equal to it for such situations ;
and therefore, nurserymen who have a trade with
small villa gardens, find it always in demand. It
also has the advantage of growing in beauty with
years, instead of out of beauty with age, as so
many evergreens do. It is a " thing of beauty,"
which is truly "a joy forever."

The specimen from which we have made our
illustration, is about 4 feet high.

Ladies' Silk Culture Association. — It is re-
markable that so many enterprises started for the
public good, result in a limited amount of useful-
ness. But the Women's Silk Culture Association
is a notable exception. This body of ladies have
made silk culture one of the regular industries of
our country, and they are still enlarging the area
of their good work. It was a good thought of Con-
gress to appropriate them ^^5,000 last year. The
same has been done for them this year, though it
was nearly lost. The credit ol saving it for them,
is due mostly to the thoughtfulness of Mr, Lorin
Blodgett, aided by Representative O'Neill.

Natural Eistory and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

ON THE EARLY GROWTH OF THE SPIDER-
WORTS— TRADE SCAN TI A.

Rattan, in his "Flora of California," mentions
the fact that Big-root, Megarrhiza Marah, has its
dicotyledonous leaf-stems united so that they form
a long tube, at the base of which and within, is
found the plumule bud, quite underground. This
device, tie says, is to protect the bud from insects
which would be likely to destroy it.

The plumule, in order to reach the surface,
breaks through the side of the tube of the united
petioles, and before it gets to the light, leaves one
or two axillary buds beneath the ground, in addi-
tion to those at the base of the dicotyledonous
leaves ; so that it has from two to three or five
chances of life, should the terminal and exposed
leaves with their buds be destroyed.

Something like this, I find obtains with the well-
known creeping Tradescantia, the ordinary stem
leaves of which are provided with sheathing or tubu-
lar petioles that envelop the stem for a distance of
half or three-quarters of an inch above the nodes.
The axillary bud, the promise of a future stem, it
will be clearly seen, can only grow by piercing
the tubular petiole, on account of the tightness
with which the latter clings to the stem. This it
invariably does.

The earlier nodes of the young branch are fur-
nished with sheaths only, its growing point being

quite acute, doubtless for the purpose of more
easily making its way through the wall of its tubu-
lar cages.

The query naturally comes to one, why this
sheathing petiole, and not the ordinary terete,
semi-terete or channelled one ? Apparently it is
not given for the especial well-being of the new
stem ; but may be provided to strengthen the en-
closed internodes against the weight of axillary
branches, which shoot forth very quickly after
the appearance of each stem leaf.

A ROCKY MOUNTAIN OAK.

BY REV. L. J. TEMPLIN.

There is found growing in this country a species
of oak that, from its abundance, if nothing else,
will attract attention. It is found growing in dense
patches and thickets, in moist places in gulches,
ravines, and on parks, hillsides, and mountain
slopes, and even on the very tops of many moun-
tain peaks and ridges in this vicinity. In sheltered
places this oak sometimes attains a diameter of six
inches, and a height of twenty feet. But such
specimens generally present all the characteristics
of age and decrepitude ; being rough, crooked, and
gnarled, with dead branches and decayed knot
holes. In younger groups, when the trees are lyi
to 3 inches in diameter, and 8 to 12 feet high,
they have a very vigorous, thrifty growth. On
account of their abundance and the ease with
which they are procured, these are frequently used
for grape stakes ; but the timber, either old or

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

young, is not very durable, especially when com-
pared with the common cedar — Juniperus com-
munis—that abounds on the foothills in all this
region.

As we ascend the mountain slopes, this oak be-
comes more dwarf in habit, till near the exposed
summit it becomes a mere shrub, i to 3 feet in
height. Here it is often found in patches many
acres in extent. In the fall, when the frost has
first touched these higher altitudes, even while the
lower plains and valleys are still clothed in their
summer green, these fields of oak shrubbery put
on their bright tints of crimson and gold. This
gives the slopes and summits of the mountains a
very attractive, variegated appearance that may
be distinctly seen for a distance of many miles. A
stranger is liable to fall into the error of supposing
that these patches of bright color are caused by a
profusion of late blooming flowers.

Some seasons this oak produces abundant crops
of acorns, that are eagerly devoured by deer, elk,
bears, hogs, and other animals.

Though so famihar with this tree, I have never
studied up its botanical status, so I cannot give
the specific name with any certainty, though I
suspect it to be Quercus montana.

Canon City, Colorado.

[We have often thought and suggested in these
columns, that this oak would be well worthy of
the attention of landscape and park gardeners.
Some unique effects could be produced from it.
Its botanical name is Quercus undulata. — Ed.
G. M.]

FURTHER NOTES ON THE PEPINO.

BY GUSTAV EISEN,

In your February number I find several com-
ments upon the Melon shrub or Pepino. As I have
already answered most of the remarks, I will con-
fine myself now to only a few points. I enclose
the circular on the Pepino which I first sent out,
by which you can see that everything quoted by
your correspondent G. M. is in fact taken origi-
nally from my circular, though several parties !
have copied the same without indicating the [
author.

The taste of the fruit varies considerably with
the locality, and I must here reiterate that the hot-
ter the place the poorer the taste of the Pepino. !
What fruits I raised under glass did never come
up in flavor and acid to the fruit raised in open
ground. In fact, both were decidedly wanting.
Without the acid, the fruit is comparatively value,
less, as it is this very remarkable acid — remarkable

by its property of allaying the thirst — which gives
the fruit its great value. In eating the fruit it is
necessary first to peel it, as the skin contains a
very bitter principle, or perhaps a rather pungent
one. As the Pepino ripens in the Central Ameri-
can highlands, where the average temperature
during the ripening season is about 72O Fh., it cer-
tainly ranks as one of the most valuable fruits of
the country, and is so considered by both natives
and foreigners. It is, however, not to be expected
that the Pepino will prove equally good everywhere,
but it will find its choice location just as nearly
every other fruit known.

A plant and fruit somewhat analagous to the
Pepino as regards climate and other conditions, is
the "Curuba," from the highlands of Ecuador and
Bogota. It is a passion vine, bearing a fruit there
considered as the finest of all fruits, and it is gen-
erally commented upon by all travelers. The seed
of this fruit was first introduced by me to Central
America, and from there brought to California.
The vine is tolerably hardy, having herein Fresno
stood uninjured, except as regards the very tender
tips, a temperature of 26'^ Fah., northern exposure.
I have great hopes in this fruit for California and
the south, and perhaps also as a greenhouse vine.
It is entirely distinct from the P. grenadilla and
edulis. The scientific name I do not know.

By mail I send you some plants of both the Pe-
pino and Curuba, and hope you will give them a
test. The Curuba is most impatient of manure or
sour soil, and requires in this respect somewhat to
be petted, but the quality of the fruit will repay
any care. Fresno, Cal.

NOTES ON THE WILD FLOWERS OF
FLORIDA.

There are but two climbing plants with un-
equally pinnate leaves given by Chapman in his
order Leguminosasof the Southern States, namely,
Apios tuberosa and Wistaria frutescens. Both of
these are found in Northern Florida. According
to Chapman, the latter plant has no stipels to its
pinnules, whilst Gray notes it as bearing minute
ones as well as corresponding stipules to its
leaves. A specimen examined by myself, one of
many similar ones, possessed stipules perhaps
three-sixteenths of an inch in length and stipels
half as long. The young stems and leaves were
reddish and pubescent.

Sixteen species of Ludwigia are recorded as
wildlings of Florida. During the month of April,
1886, the dead stems of seven of these were met

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

121

with by myself, in most cases with new leaves ap-
pearing at their roots.

In this peninsular State botanizing need not
cease with the fall of the leaf in September and
October, as, of hundreds of plants, occupants of
its dry and wet, open and forest-covered plains,
everything remains undisturbed through the win-
ter, excepting perhaps leaves and color.

Here are fruit holders of various kinds with the
stems supporting them, the latter frequently dec-
orated with brown or black crisp leaves, all
nearly as perfect and readable as during the
growing season lately past.

It is really pleasanter to guess at the name of
these dried things as you see them where they
they grow, and then to confirm or correct your
guess by careful analyses on your return to your
rooms, than it is to have before you the living spec-
imens to work upon.

The tallest of the American Asters is a South-
erner. It is known botanically as Aster Carolini-
anus, and was first seen by the writer on the copsy
borders of the water works grounds at Jackson-
ville, Fla. It is a rapid grower, and its stems
being weakish, if unsupported by shrubbery or
trees, fall in wide curves to the ground. The
height attained by the plant, as observed by Chap-
man, is ten feet. I think, however, it may reach
a greater height where vertical or oblique support
is furnished it. New shoots seen by me in April
had already a length of six feet with perhaps
two or three months to grow before the flowers
would appear.

Salix Floridana. has broad leaves and very
noticeable racemes of fertile flowers. I remember
no willow showing such conspicuous fruit catkins
before the capsules, or pods, have opened to scat-
ter their woolly coated seeds. Would not this
tree bear transplanting to Northern parks and
shrubberies ?

From Chapman I learn that Vitis bipinnata
has no tendrils, but Gray says of this species and
Vitis indivisa that they have fewer tendrils than
the other species growing in the East-Mississippi
river region.

All the plants of V. bipinnata seen about Jack-
sonville and Palatka by myself were well provided
with substitutes for hands. One specimen grow-
ing over the fence of a neglected garden near the
railroad depot at Jacksonville, and opposite one of
the large hotels, had tendrils from ten to twelve
inches in length, the earliest issuing, I think, from
the fourth or fifth node. This specimen was seen
on the 5th day of April.

Tradescantia Virginica is a native plant and
wild in Florida. I once saw it on the river shore
at Arlington, diagonally opposite Jacksonville, but
whether it'had been cast there with rubbish from
a garden near by, or the seed had been brought
upon driftwood from some point higher up the
j river, I, of course, could not well determine. The
plant is quite common in the older gardens of the
city of Jacksonville.

A shorter species with smaller leaves and
flowers, the latter of a bright rose color, is T.
rosea, and is credited by Chapman to Georgia and
North Carolina. On the 12th of April, 1886, I
saw several specimens of T. rosea in flower in an
old once cultivated fteld just outside of Palatka,
Fla., south or south-westwardly of the town.

These two species are equally attractive, and
I can see no other reason why the Virginian
spider wort should be given garden room and T.
rosea excluded, than that the former bears a more
conspicuous flower than the latter.

Old Fort San Marco, at Saint Augustine, has
outer earth-works faced inwardly with a stone
wall. In the dry moat, as it might be termed, be-
tween the inner and this outer line of defences of
the fort, I found a number of herbaceous plants,
one of which was Croton maritimum, a handsome
bit of vegetation which is gray or brownish-gray
in general color, by reason of a rough and hoary
covering of stellate hairs.

In the crevices between the stones forming the
backing to the outer embankment of earth a sin-
gle specimen of Vitis incisa was most unexpectedly
come upon.

This vine bears thick and fleshy trifoliate leaves,
and is mentioned by Chapman as growing upon
the sandy shores of Saint Vincent's Island, West
Florida, and westward of that locality.

As the San Marco plant was a very small one,
I was careful to remove but a single branch with
its leaves, as I hoped some other wandering bot-
anist might be gladdened like myself by a sight
of it. When placed in the herbarium the leaves fell
apart, a peculiarity, I find, of this and another,
somewhat similar species.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Abies or Picea. — The Fir family of coniferae,
was once the Picea of botanists, and the Spruce
was Abies. Modern botanists contend this is an
error of earlier botanists, and insist on going back
to solid truth- on which all science should be
founded. Some are now contending in European

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I April,

serials that there is no actual need or even right
in this change. In the meantime the poor
gardener is puzzled. We may, however, still call
Firs and Spruces by their old names, and this is a
comfort.

Indian Corn and Phylloxera. — It is re-
ported, and the report fast traveling through
American agricultural papers, that if Indian corn
be planted near grape-vines infested with Phyl-
loxera, the insects in their fondness for maize, will
even leave the grape-vine roots for this superior
attraction. Should such a report be unfounded,
it will be disastrous as leading grape planters to
lean on a broken reed. To our mind, the instinct
of preservation of the race, so highly developed
in all insects, would not permit it to leave the
roots of a perennial plant for these of an annual
like Indian corn, but we leave the suggestion to
Prof. Riley or other entomologist, who has made
the habits of this insect a special study.

Cause of the Fire Blight in the Pear —
In an article on " Pear Blight," in the Report of
the Botanist to the New York Experimental Station,
Prof. Arthur sensitively says :

"There is something remarkable in the slow-
ness with which the essential and fundamental
truths upon which the bacterial explanation of
pear blight rests, are grasped by this part of the
public. This is brought forcibly to mind by an
item in the last number that has come to hand of
a leading horticultural journal, which says ' the
germs of these low orders of vegetation exist
everywhere; . . . inoculation of a healthy sub-
ject is not demonstration ; ... if any other de-
monstration has been offered it has not come un-
der notice,' etc. If the leaders among horticul-
turists can come so far short of appreciating the
bearing of the facts which demonstrate that spe-
cific bacteria cause pear blight, it cannot be amiss
to briefly go over the argument again.

" Proof that specific bacteria cause pear blight.
— (a) Bacteria are found in great abundance in
actively blighting tissues, so as to be easily de-
monstrable to the naked eye, and occur in less
abundance in proportion as the disease is less ac-
tive, [b) The disease may be introduced into
healthy tissue by inoculation with germs from dis-
eased tissue. («:) It is communicated with equal
certainty when the germs are separated from all
accompanying juices of the diseased tissue by a
series of fractional cultures. (</) Per contra, it
is not communicated by the juices of the disease,
after the germs are removed by filtration.
(^) The germs connected with the disease consti-
tute a single species, which is essential to success-
ful inoculation. (/) Per contra, the numerous
other species of earth, air and water are not found
to a noticeable extent in connection with the dis-
ease, and cannot be made to originate it by
inoculation, or otherwise."

We give this, as the " leading horticultural jour-
nal " referred to, as we always do, as a matter of
justice to an interesting subject, on which the true
searcher for truth does not care which side has the
best of the argument. We would only remark
that the extract does not do justice to the views
of the Editor. He was among the first to believe
that low grades of fungi were at the bottom of
fire-blight, and believes so yet. But the belief is
founded on analogy chiefly, rather than actual de-
monstration. It is true that the extremely useful
labors of Profs. Burrill and Arthur have brought
the facts nearer to a demonstration than they have
ever been before ; for this they should have full
credit.

The point on which we have expressed our de-
sire to be satisfied is this : It is contended that fire-
blight is caused by germs of a species of bac-
terium, which fasten themselves to the bark, and
in germinating, penetrate the " pores," as people
commonly say, and then destroy the tissue, pro-
ducing the disease. The proof of this should be
to apply the germs from the diseased tissue in like
manner to the surface of the bark, and let the
spores penetrate of themselves as they would in
nature. This has not been done. But the tis-
sue is first injured by a puncture, and the dis-
eased germs applied to the injured tissue. We
maintain that this is not a parallel case— is not
demonstration ; and we do not know that the testy
comment on our slowness to grasp a fundamental
truth makes the facts any clearer.

New Trees of North America.— Professor
Sargent finds three new trees in Florida, but
they are of a subtropical character, and are no
doubt immigrants from a more Northern clime.
They are, Myginda integrifolia, an ally of the
Buckthorn family ; Terminalis Buceras, a Combre-
tacean; and an entirely new genus of palms,
named by Wendland, Pseudophoenix Sargentii,
which we suppose by its name to have some re-
semblance or relation to the Date palm.

The Heath for Cut Flowers.— The Eng-
lish are using extensively Erica hyemalis alba for
dehcate cut-flower work, and find it profitable.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Hybridization in the Al)»iond Family. —
Mr. D. B. Wier, of Lacon, Illinois, an intelligent
and acute observer is firmly persuaded that
peaches, plums and species of the almond family,.

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

123

will occasionally hybridize with each other. He
has seen cases of forms that admitted of no other
interpretation.

Plantain Leaf for
Thomas Bassler says :

Rhus Poisoning — Mr.
" That bruised plantain

leaves, either Plantago major or Plantago lan-
ceolata, are an excellent antidote against Rhus
poison. This reminds us of an expression some-
where in Shakespeare that '' plantain leaf is good
for broken shins."

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes,

COMMUNICATIONS.

PUBLIC GARDENS IN WASHINGTON.

BY M. H. LESTER.

Preparations to have everything in good shape
at President Cleveland's private place are in
progress, but. Oh! Downing, some one has laid
out a left-handed approach to the house ! Army
officers in general, and engineers in particular, are
amongst the very best educated people we have,
and if not they ought to be. Their education
costs the country enough, goodness knows! They
can build bridges and monuments, pick up
obelisks in Egypt and drop them down in Central
Park, or any other place for that matter, but who
ever yet saw one that knew anything about a
plant or a piece of landscape work ? At all events,
in the affair above referred to, all laws human and
divine, from the laying out of the Garden of Eden
until to-day are defied, and it puts one in mind
more than anything else in the world of Peter
Henderson's " Sarpentine Landscaper," whom he
has made so famous.

A great improvement can be noticed in the
planting in the public parks in Washington during
the past few years, principally in the introduction
of more and choicer flowering plants and ever-
greens. When everything is bare and naked in
the winter, a clump of evergreens is very grateful
to the eye. In some of the recently planted parks
flowering plants often push their blooms through
the snow and others follow in rotation, and con-
tinue all through spring and early summer, until
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora come.

Some large plants of this on some of the old
places here in Georgetown, are glorious when in
bloom. A good companion plant is a dwarf
^sculus I saw last summer at the United States
Botanic Gardens in bloom in July and August.
Mr. Smith, I think, once told me it is peculiar to

Texas or Kansas, which probably accounts for it
not being oftener seen in collections.

I had a very pleasant walk through the White
House conservatories with Mr. Pfister. The
amount of cut flowers used there is simply enor-
mous. Great blocks of lily of the valley, tulips,
hyacinths, jonquils, narcissus, and other things,
" too numerous to mention " are being forced and
in every stage of development. Although I knew it
by reputation a long time, it is the first time I have
seen Freezia refracta alba in bloom. It is a very
chaste white flower, and lasts well in a cut state.
Primula obconica is also well thought of for cut-
ting. The Amaryllis are as good as they get them
anywhere. Mr. Pfister has caught on to a good
strain of Primulas, Cyclamens and Cinerarias,
the latter with flowers larger than a silver half-
dollar. I had to handle the foliage to see the pots,
and was surprised — none larger than a six-inch.

I was glad to see Musa coccinia in bloom at the
Botanic Gardens, and very beautiful it looks.

Industrial Home, Georgetown, D. C.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Lovers of Roses.— Referring to page 61, where
there is a quotation from an English paper, noting
a strange observation of an English clergyman,
that in proportion as rose growing increased, the
Sunday pews were empty, a Fredericton, New
Brunswick, writer says, that if the clergyman
would make his discourses as attractive as the
gardens of the rose-growers, no doubt the growers
would go to church, and take their roses with
them. It is a good retort.

Landscape Gardeming in Orego.v. — Much of
the gardening prosperity of a community depends
on the intelligence of those who happen to locate
professionally in any neighborhood. We note by
a Portland paper, that the services of Mr. Geo.

124

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[April,

Otten are very highly spoken of, and his residence
there is regarded as a great gain to Oregon. It is
always pleasant to read such good reports.

The Probasco Fountain at Clifton, near
Cincinnati. — Every one has seen or read of the
magnificent Davidson fountain.given by Mr. Henry
Probasco to the people of Cincinnati. One of the
neighboring boroughs, Clifton, of which Mr. Pro-
basco is Mayor, is now to receive a similar blessing
from the same generous hand. It will bear his name,
and be placed in front of the Town Hall. There the
fountain will be seen to great advantage, with
masses of trees and buildings for its background;
besides being freely accessible for all its uses, oc-
cupying a beautiful situation in more appropriate
surroundings. Beneath the old trees, will be
placed around the fountain, granite seats of single
blocks for rest and enjoyment of the public, as well
as hundreds of school children (always a pleasant
sight), right in the centre of their play-ground.
With the strong pressure of the abundant supply
of water from the jets, falling into spray and trick-
ling over the bronze dome into the large basins
below, the effect of these sparkling rivulets, sur-
rounded with gas-lights, or in the flashing sunlight
in the noonday, shaded by these old trees planted
a generation ago, the effect must be beautiful.
The seven immense blocks of Quincy granite now
being finished, of which the entire fountain is
constructed, are nearly completed ; ihe huge pol-
ished basin forms the central mass, 20 feet in cir-
cumference, of exquisite proportions in all its lines.

Above this, resting upon a polished, fluted oc-
tagonal base, rests the beautiful dome, of exquisite
proportions, above which the jets are to play.
This, also, is in one immense mass of bronze,
modeled in the most artistic manner, covered all
over with the leafage of many varieties of waving
Water Lilies, from the Egyptian Lotus to our own
Pond Lilies, upon which the water will descend
slowly into the horse troughs or basins below for
dogs and other animals. The effect of this mass
of sparkling water upon the summit, designed in
so realistic a manner on the curved lines of the
bronze dome, is sure to be effective as well as
beautiful.

The foundations will be laid next month, so that
the whole may be completed and dedicated to the
people of Clifton early in the coming spring. In
our notice of this gilt of the Mayor last August, the
village ordinance accepting it fixing the site was
named, but as the much better one is now deter-
mined, there can be scarcely a doubt of its ac-
ceptance.

The Botanical Gardens at Washington. —
A correspondent of the London Gardening World
who has been traveling through the United States,
pays the following compliment to the United States
Botanical Garden :

" The Botanical Garden is close by. It is about
ten acres in extent, and is well laid out. The main
conservatory is 300 ft. long, 60 ft. wide, height of
dome. 40 ft., and wings 25 ft. In connection with
this are ten other houses, and a lecture and botan-
ical class room for students. The houses contain
a very fine collection of plants, such as are gener-
ally found suitable for botanical study. There is
also a very fine collection of stately Palms, majes-
tic tree Ferns, large specimens of officinal and med-
icinal plants, a grand collection of succulents, a
choice collection of Orchids, &c., all in very fine
condition. There is no other place in America
where such an unique collection is to be seen.
These botanical gardens are constantly receiving
importations from various parts of the world. The
place is in admirable condition, and is under the
able superintendence of Mr. W. R. Smith, who
has had charge here since 1852. and who is
greatly respected, his kindly genial manner hav-
ing made for him a host of friends in all parts of
the world."

D. Landreth & Sons.— In this ever changing
land of ours it is always a pleasure to note the
persistence of first- class firms in the nursery and
seed business. One of the young sons of one of
the partners in the famous house of D. Landreth
& Sons, who has recently reached manhood, has
been taken into the business, which ensures its
continuance to the fourth generation since its
its foundation.

Rare Water Lilies.— We rarely feel war-
ranted in giving special notice to catalogues,
because so many have the same things to sell, and
it is not just to give anyone in the trade a lift over
another when the advertising columns are free to
all ; but we are sure all in the trade are glad to
encourage the efforts of Mr. E. D. Sturtevant, of
Bordentown, New Jersey, to cultivate a taste for
hardy aquatics. His beautiful catalogue just
issued is just the very thing.

Charles Downing. — Mr. B. Gott, of Arkona,
Ontario, has recently published a biographical
notice of the venerable Pomologist who has so
recently passed away. He notes his birth on the
9th of July, 1802, and that of the famous landscape
gardener, his brother, Andrew Jackson Downmg,
in 1813. The father was a nurseryman at New-
burg, but died before Charles was twenty-one
years old ; but he at once took hold of the busi-
ness, and, young as he was, continued it with
complete success. When Andrew came of age
the style of the firm was made C. and A. J,

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

125

Downing. A few years later, the latter desir- ;
ing to devote his whole life to the develop- 1
ment of garden art, Charles purchased a property |
near their old home and established his nursery
and experimental grounds alone. Charles was a
great admirer of his talented brother, who, at
thirty years of age, gave us the Fruit and Fruit
Trees of America, in 1845 ; and after his melan- j
choly death in the attempt to save fellow passen- ,
gers from drowning, took pride in continuing and 1
amplifying the good work his brother began.
Mr. Gott quotes Mr. J. J. Thomas in an anecdote
showing the different paths of usefulness in the
lives of the two men — the one delighting in work-
ing to improve the tastes of men and women
already possessed of high intelligence, and with
the means to develop actual beauty, — the other,
plain, patient, plodding, proud to collect facts and
information, and glad to let anybody or every-
body have the whole value of his work in any
way they could. Charles Downing retired from
business in 1857-58, and then gave his whole sub-
sequent life to the advancement of pomology.
He met w^ith an accident which broke his ribs on
October 22, 1882, and died January 18, 1885, in
his 83d year.

These facts have been given before in scattered
paragraphs ; but in this connected and concise
form will have a new and fresh interest to all.

Henry Ward Beecher. — When the death of
one for whom the whole nation mourns is familiar
to every reader through the daily press, it seems
superfluous to dilate on an event about which the
reader already well knows. It is well, however, to
make a record in our pages of his death on the
8th of March, in his seventy- fourth year, and that
horticulture has not for a long time lost a more
earnest devotee than he. His influence on the
increase of horticultural taste in our country has
also been of the first order, and thousands have
been brought through his examples and precepts
to have a pleasure in gardening they would not
have known had he never Uved, His love of
flowers was well exemphfied by his wishes, faith-
fully carried out, that the only mourning for him
should b^ in the shape of flowers. A chaplet of
flowers, instead of the ordinary black crape, gave
the usual door-bell notice that death reigned within
the household, and flowers strewed the grave that
held his dust. It will be long before humanity gets
a brother who will be in such sympathy with its
best longings, as Henry Ward Beecher ; it will be
long before humanity forgets the great debt of
obligation it owes to the life of this great man.

William Carvill.— Some of the specimens of
landscape gardening in the vicinity of Philadel-
phia, among the older places, will rank as among
the best illustrations of beauty and taste in the art,
anywhere in the world. Many of these were laid
out by William Carvill, a highly educated English
gardener, who came to Philadelphia early in the
century. The grounds of Haverford College,
where Philadelphia gave the reception to the
members of the British Association for the ad-
vancement of Science a few yeai's ago, were very
much admired by the English visitors. This is one
of the best specimens of Mr. Carvill's work which
the march of city improvements has left to us.
When the celebrated' gardens of William Ham-
ilton, the friend and employer of Pursh and Lyon,,
went from the family to a cemetery company, and
which is now known as Woodlands, Mr. Carvill
leased the greenhouses, and Ijad a general over-
sight over the cemetery. It was very fortunate
that so intelligent a man had this charge, for to
this we are indebted for the preservation of many
of the rare trees and shrubs for which the grounds
are still famous. He retired from business many
years ago, and has been living with a married
daughter in Philadelphia, where he died on the
3rd of March in his ninetieth year.

History of the Pear Blight. — Under this
title, Dr. J. C. Arthur gives in the Report of the
Botanist to the New York experimental station,
a list of all the leading references to pear blight he
has been able to find. The first note is by Wil-
liam Denning. 1794. Coxe comes next in 1817. It
is often difficult to make out from these essays
whether the authors had what we call fire blight
in mind or not. Coxe appears to have in his mind
what we know as fire blight, so that we may feel
pretty certain the disease was very bad before
his time. " In twenty years" he had lost by the
sudden taking off, " upwards of twenty trees."
What we know as " frozen sap blight " — the black-
ening of leaves, and blackening the bark of one
year's old wood, soon after growth commences in
spring, though having evidently no relation to
frost, but probably to some form of fungus attack,
is confounded by most of the old writers and many
of the modern, with fire blight, which is a summer
disease.

Carnation Culture.— By Leroy L. Lamborn.
PubUshed by the author, Alliance, Ohio.

The immense importance of the carnation in a
commercial aspect, aside from the general love
which people have for its cultivation, makes

126

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[April,

it well worthy of a special treatise. We may say,
therefore, that the work is a very timely one. It
is the work of a thoroughly practical cultivator,
and claims to be that and nothing more. It has
the usual defects of that class of works, but ranks
fully with the best of them. We cannot say this
much of the style which makes a paragraph of
nearly every sentence. It becomes exceedingly
difficult to keep the leading thought in view until
the author has done with it,— or indeed to know
when he has done with it, and is introducing
another one.

We may here say that one of the great defects
of modern writing is, a surprising ignorance of the
principles of punctuation. While we are now re-
flecting on profuse paragraphing, we cannot but
remember the numbers of instances that come
before us of distinct paragraphs jumbled into one.

Drugs and Medicines of North America. —
This excellent quarterly, published by the Lloyds
of Cincinnati, comes to us this time with a study
of Lobelia. Everything relating to the genus is
fully elaborated, both in its botanical history and
medical properties.

Catalogues. — Anderson, H. S., Descriptive
Price List, Union Springs, N. Y.; Bailey, Banks
& Biddle, The Connoisseur for March, 1887,
Philadelphia; Berckmans, P. J., Greenhouse,

Bedding and New Plants, Augusta, Ga. ; Bruce,
John A., & Co., Vegetable, Agricultural and
Flower Seeds, Hamilton, Ont., Can. ; Bullard, E.
M., Reliable Seeds and Plants, also High Class
Poultry, West Swanzey, N. H. ; Butterton, John,
Japanese Maples, etc., Hammonton, N. J. ; Butz,
Paul & Son, Seed Annual, also Wholesale List, New
Castle, Pa.; Collins, John S., Wholesale Price List,
Moorestown. N. J. ; Conover Bros., Special Trade
Price List, Little Silver, N. J. ; Cotta, H. R.,
Fruits, Evergreens and Shade Trees, Freeport,
111. ; EUwanger & Barry, Good New Things,
Rochester, N. Y. ; Everitt. J. A., & Co., O. K.
Seeds, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Hubbard, T. S., Whole-
sale Grape Vines, Small Fruits, etc., Fredonia,
N. Y.; Jackson, Thomas, Annual Wholesale Cat-
alogue, Portland, Maine ; Josselyn. George S.,
American Grape Vines, Small Fruits etc., Fre-
donia, N. Y.; Lamb, James M., Ornamental
Plants, Fayetteville, N. C; Manning, J. W., Fruit,
Ornamental and Evergreen Trees and Hardy
Shrubs, Reading, Mass.; Mendenhall Greenhouses,
Roses, Plants, Bulbs, etc., Minneapolis, Minn.;
Nickels, Anna B., Cactus and Native Texas and
Mexican Plants, Laredo, Texas ; Parry, William,
Fruits, Small Fruits and Seeds, Parry, N. J.;
Rathbone, W. W., Sweet Potato Seed Price List,
Marietta, Ohio ; Rawson, W. W., & Co., List of
Novelties, Boston, Mass ; Roesch, Lewis, Grape
Vines, Small Fruits, etc., Fredonia, N. Y.; Thor-
burn, James M., & Co., Gladiolus and other Spring
Bulbs. New York City ; Wiley & Co., Fruits,
Small Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, Cayuga,
N. Y.; Williams, A., Roses and Flowering Plants,
Sharon, Pa.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. —
The Bulb Show of this Society, which was held
on the 15th of March in the Committee rooms of
the Society's Hall on Broad street, resulted in
some magnificent exhibits by a few amateurs and
florists. The General Union of Holland, under
the patronage of the King of the Netherlands,
offered gold, silver gilt, and silver medals, for
Hyacinths, Tulips, and Polyanthus Narcissus.
The Hyacinths were to be 50, of not less than 25
varieties ; single Tulips, 25 pots of 25 sorts ; Poly-
anthus Narcissus, 20 pots of 10 sorts.

The Horticultural Society offered premiums for
smaller lots of 12 and 6, for Lilies, Azaleas, Lily
of the Valley, and cut specimens, 6 each, of 1 1

kinds of roses in popular use for cut-flowers by
dealers.

The competition was weak, but the plants of
Hyacinths and flowers of cut roses, were ex-
tremely fine. The competition was, however,
livelier than last year, and the great interest
shown by the public in the beautiful display will
encourage the Society to push on to greater efforts
in the future. The gold medal was carried off by
Mr. John Shaw, gardener to Clarence H. Clark,
Esq. These were very beautiful plants. The
bulbs showed no disposition to sprout and make
offsets, the leaves were broad and stiff, recurving
only at the edges, and pushing out straight from
the centre of the bulb. The flowers were on stout
stalks, mostly self-supporting, and the heads of
flowers were carried up well above the foliage.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

\1^

The flowers were all dense on the spike, and
mostly of an uniform cylindrical outline of from
7 or 8 inches long by 3 inches in diameter. It
was really a first class prize set. The silver gilt
medal was awarded to Mr. Eisele, florist, and the
silver to Mr. John M. Hughes, gardener to George
W. Childs, Esq., both excellent collections, but
defective in some plants in those properties noted
as excellencies in the gold medal set.

It is remarkable that the smaller collections
which usually contain finer specimens of culture,
as having more competitors from a wider circle,
were not on this occasion equal to the gold medal
set. Indeed many of the small collections were
contributed by the same parties who had already
entered for the larger ones, and of course their best
plants went where the heaviest honors were likely
to fall. Craig Brothers ought to have had a
special premium for their instructive labeling.
The names were on small white cards across the
top of slender stakes, so that anyone could read
them a long distance away. The others were on
ordinary small labels and behind the plants where
even persevering explorations by blind hand
among the leaves and pots failed to expose them.

Mr. John M. Hughes, was the only competitor
for the silver gilt medal, offered for 25 early single
Tulips. There were about five or six bulbs in
6-inch pots, on an average 8 inches high, and
held the flowers up well above the leaves, mostly
without artificial support. An interesting fact not
noticed before by the reporter of the Gardeners'
Monthly, was, that one variety, Rembrandt, did
not close, as other Tulips do with the slightest
shade, but had the petals wholly horizontal. The
flower was rotate instead of cup-shaped, as in
most Tulips. The upper portion of the petals are
deep scarlet, while the base of the petals have
large orange spots.

Mr. Hughes also earned the silver gilt medal for
20 Polyanthus Narcissus. The plants were how-
ever not wholly of this class. The collection was
made up of the Poet's Narciss, Rush Daffodils and
others besides the Polyanthus.

Among the miscellaneous bulbs, some Lache-
nalias from Mr. John M. Hughes, gardener to Geo.
W. Childs, Esq., were very much admired. L.
quadricolor, besides its dwarf spikes and pretty
flowers, has spotted leaves like our wild dog's
tooth violet, but the great attraction was a hanging
basket of galvanized wire, about 18 inches across,
from which the plants pushed in every direction.
There were over 50 spikes of flowers from the
plants.

Mr. Hughes also had a nice collection of Chinese
Primroses. There were doubles and singles
among them, and many shades between white and
deep crimson. The plants were in four-inch pots,
and had an average of six leaves, and seventy-five
expanded flowers on each plant.

Only three single plants of azaleas were in com-
petition. The first premium was given to the plant
exhibited by Pennock Bros. It was the dark red
known as King of Holland. It was on a single
stem, with a head about 2}^ feet over, and had
about 400 expanded flowers on it.

H. A. Dreer made a small exhibit, consisting of
two small plants of Odontoglossum, one Oncidium,
one Dendrobium white, and a great number of
the rarer Cypripediums, which were particularly
attractive.

The roses attracted many admirers. Possibly
Papa Gontier drew most worshippers. The first im-
pression is that they are huge Bon Silene, but the
latter is of course a Tea Rose. These came from
Mr. John Henderson. American Beauty in several
collections was scarcely less charming, its great
size and bright color being superlative among the
popular sorts. Lonsdale & Burton's flowers of
this measured six inches across. They also had
first premium for 6 Mermets, which flowers, though
from a nearly globular rose, had petals nearly 3
inches long. Some Bride's, from Mr, John May,
had its rosy tinted lemon-white flowers with petals
about 21^ inches long. The Puritan, a pure white
hybrid from Mr. Evans, was not much inferior to
American Beauty in size, and was very much ad-
mired. The Bennett's, also from Mr. Evans,
showed what it could do in good hands. The
petals were about y/^ inches long, and quite equal
to General Jacqueminot in the dazzhng tint to the
purple, like bloom on a plum, which gives such an
unique character to that good old rose. The
Niphetos buds of Messrs. Craig, old as the variety is,
can scarcely be beaten by any of its class. These
were nearly 3 inches long. Marquis Vivens, and
Madame Cuisin, by the same growers, found
admirers for their pretty mixtures of rose and
white, but we suppose will not reach the popular-
ity achieved by some of their sisters. The La
France of Mr. Evans was particularly large and
fine, and retains its great popularity as well for its
delightful odor as for its delicate pink color and
good form. The beautiful globular yellow Perle
des Jardins and the more bronzy yellow Sunsets
were among those which are as yet unmatchable
in their styles.

There was exhibited by Mr. Banyard a new

[28

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[April,

carnation called Quaker City— white and appar-
ently floriferous ; and from Mr. Stewart of Wilming-
ton, Delaware, came a dwarf Sweet Alyssum,
much more double than the common one. We |
have not undertaken to give an account of all the j
exhibitors or their meritorious productions, but j
simply sketched, for the benefit of our distant j
readers, such superior points in the articles exhib-
ited as may give them some idea of their char-
acter. Our space does not permit more. In the
smaller collections Mr. W. K. Harris, in addition to
names already given, was a successful competitor. |

Pennsylvania State Horticultural Associ- |
ATION, FOR 1886. — From E. B. Engle, Waynesboro,
Pa., Secretary.

We doubt whether any more truly valuable re-
port comes to our table than this ; as most of those
who give the addresses and take part in the dis-
cussions are men of a high degree of intelli-
gence, coupled with a practical experience rarely }
combined. An excellent rule for some years has
been to give colored hthographs of such Pennsyl- j
vania seedling fruits and flowers that seem to j
have a permanent value. We have here Mc Far-
land's late yellow, said to be a seedling of late
Crawford, but much larger than that well-known
and popular variety ; Cumberland apple, raised
by David Miller, of Cumberland county, a Sep- 1
tember apple of medium size, great beauty, and i
good eating quality, — in plain lithograph— and a I
colored plate of the Triumph Gooseberry, " a seed- j
ling of Houghton, Catawissa, Pa., on the grounds j
of F. F. Merceron."

In regard to these we would suggest to the ex- ;
cellent Secretary, the importance of distinguishing !
between the thing which is, and that which may
be. As we understand, McFarland's peach is a
chance seedling, and though it is probable from
its appearance that it is a seedUng from Crawford,
we do not think this justifies the statement that it
actually is. The danger of this is shown in the
case of the gooseberry. We have had the positive
statement from one who should know, that the
Triumph gooseberry was found in a garden, " sup-
posed to be " a seedling, and that its exact origin
is unknown. Yet we have it here without any
qualification, as a " seedling of Houghton." The
Houghton belongs to the species of America, Ribes
rotundifolia, while an examination of specimens of
this submitted to us, shows that it is a seedhng of
another species, Ribes grossularia, of Europe.

When we pointed this out to the parties in inter-
est at the time, we were only met by the response.

" How could seed of the English gooseberry get
there ?" Because we were unable to answer that
quebtion, it does not follow that it is "a seedling
of Houghton."

It is a very good gooseberry, well worth exten-
sive planting, — fully equal, we think, to the Indus-
try, which is also of the English race, — but it is
not a seedling of the Houghton, and it should not
have been so stated in a standard work like this.

New York Horticultural Society. — The-
April meeting will be held on the 26th, 27th and
28th. There is a wide list of exhibits called for,
though roses and orchids have the posts of
honor. Mr. John Thorpe, of Queens, Long Island,
is Secretary, from whom further information may-
be obtained.

Germantown (Philada.) Horticultural So-
ciety.— The March meeting of this local Society
was particularly interesting from the numerous
orchids and rare plants on exhibition, one of which,.
Ruellia macrantha, shown by Mr. James Barrows,
was particularly attractive. The natural order
Acanthaceae furnishes a large list of beautiful
winter blooming plants — but few are more charm-
ing than this. The numerous large, rosy flowers
give the impression of a shrubby gloxinia. Mr.
Thomas Meehan gave his usual off-hand address
on the peculiarities of the plants, fruits and flowers
on exhibition, and the practical lessons derived
from them. The hall was crowded with visitors,,
among whom were numbers of the leading ladies
and gentlemen of Germantown, and, as the man-
agers say, " there was standing room only " for
those who came late. Benjamin H. Shoemaker,
Esq., President, presided, to whom much credit is
due for the prosperous career of the Society. To
the able financial management of Mr. Joseph
Meehan, the Treasurer, credit is also due. When
he took hold the Society was in debt, and the
whole of one year's premiums to the exhibitors
had to be given up to keep it from utter bank-
ruptcy. Now the much larger list of premiums
are promptly paid, and the Society has a large
sum to its credit as a contingent fund.

State Agricultural Officers in Pennsyl-
vania.— At the annual meeting of the State Board
of Agriculture of Pennsylvania, Mr. Thomas
Meehan was re-elected Statue Botanist ; and Mr.
Edwin Satterthwaite, State Pomologist; Mr.
Joseph Willcox, Mineralogist ; Prof. Lesley, Geolo-
gist ; Dr. Warren, Ornithologist ; and Prof. Buck-
hout, Entomologist. Dr. Leffman was also re-
elected State Microscopist.

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS,

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

MAY, 1887.

Number 341.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

I

One of the prettiest pieces of true art in land-
scape gardening near Philadelphia is Hunting
Park, designed about a quarter of a century ago
by Mr. William Saunders, now of Washington.
Having a wholly flat piece of ground to deal with,
in that respect he was at once cut off from a great
source of variety which is one of the chief
elements of success in landscape gardening. He
had to depend wholly on the selection of striking
differences in the trees individually, and in vary-
ing the character of the groups themselves. No
attention has been given to this little park of
about twenty-five acres. The trees are starving
in many instances, for lack of manure, — some
have plead for a thinning out of quarrelsome
neighbors that have almost overpowered them, —
while in many places, trees that have died have
not been replaced, and hence much of the original
design is impaired. But, neglected as it has been,
it is an excellent illustration of how much may be
done to give variety to a place by trees alone,
when in the hands of a master in the art. On a
flat piece of ground like this, one is almost com-
pelled to look to trees for the material out of which
to give the varied features which constitute no
mean element in successful landscape gardening.

It is amazing when one looks around at what
are passed as good specimens of landscape
work, to note how little regard is given to
this trait in good gardening. There are indeed
few places known to the writer, that might not be
given a wonderfully greater interest by attention
to more variety in detail, and which could be
easily given without adding much to the cost, and
often with a decreased expense in the annual bills
for maintaining such grounds. In places of any
extent what is known as the wild garden has
been introduced in many cases with just this
result. It has added a variety that costs little to
keep. Where there is a natural inequality in the
surface we have a ready means of giving variety,
as it affords opportunities for introducing rock
gardens, fern gardens, fountains, pools, rustic
bridges, statuary, and other special features, to
much better advantage than where the ground is
quite level. We give here a view from the
grounds of " Rocky Dell Farm," the residence of
J. Reynal, Esq., at White Plains, N. Y. Beautiful
as these grounds are, the critical landscape artist
could no doubt improve on some of the features ;
still occasion has been taken to bring into play
many of the advantages noted which variety
gives. We call attention to the matter at this
season, because so many elements out of which

I30

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

AND HORTICULTURIST.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SUMMER ANNUALS.

so much in variety may be afforded, press them- ' with the ground, at the base of a little plant to be
selves on the attention with much greater force grafted ; fill it with water, then put a branch of the
than at other seasons of the year. choice kind in the bottle, and tie together as in in-

In the past we have suggested that peculiar ' arching, which it really is.
effects could be obtained by taking a few species | In planting out flowers don't take them at once
and making an essential feature of them by sue- from the hot-house to the open ground ; set the
cessful growth for spring adornment. So also, pots out for a few days in a cold frame with plenty
much may be done for summer effect outside of of air, or under a tree in a sheltered place. Be-
mere leaf and bedding plants. Why are not the i fore turning them out of pots, water ; and when
class of succulents used more for bedding pur- set in the earth, press the soil very hard about the
poses? We do not mean that they should sup- flower roots. If the ground be dry, the earth can-
plant flowering things, of course. Succulents not be pressed too hard.

generally have no blooms adapted to cutting. Don't make the bed« very high, or the rains in
Usually, in fact, they are very shy of blossoming ; summer will run off too rapidly. After smoothing
but they afford much varied form, and many of the surface peg down the plants as much as pos-
them have strikingly gay colors. They grow so sible so as to cover the surface soon. The plants
well in our climate —asking no care — giving really also push out side shoots easier. Where small
so much in return for so little, that certainly we twigs can be had. split and double them like hair
should make more use of them than we do. For ' pins, for pegging down ; where these are not at
vases, rock work, etc., they are almost indispen- hand, small pieces of bast mat or twine, doubled
sable. Amongst sedums, opuntias, and mammil- and dibbled in the earth by the ends, make very
laria, are some quite hardy species — so that, fine pegs
winter or summer, they are self-supporting con-
tributors to our floral pleasures.

Then again, the dwarf evergreens are not made
as much use of as they might be ; chiefly, because
we employ them too sparingly. It is usual to
plant them mainly for their botanical interest. ^^ albert m. herr.

We find persons pride themselves on having this There seems to be a growing interest in this de-
or that rare thing in their " collection," just as the ' serving and really beautiful class of plants. The
numismatist values his old coins; not for the use fact that annuals, as the name signifies, grow,
he can make of the rare penny, but because so few bloom, and die the first year, is against them in the
possess one. The real value of these plants is estimation of some people ; but considering how
their capacity for adornment, and this is seldom * few there are who can keep plants over winter, in
brought out, unless they are used in groups or a healthy condition, it should be in their favor,
masses. It may be said that they are frequently They are easily grown, or cheaply procured, and
too expensive to be used on a large scale ; but it can be used with quite as much effect as more
is the Umited demand for them which keeps up the costly plants, thus placing them within the reach
price. If one has not the means to buy them by of everybody. It is also with a feeling of relief
the dozen at once, they may be increased on one's that we turn from the highly improved and care-
own ground. Almost all these dwarf evergreens | fully selected varieties of many of our green and
root very readily by layers. A sht may be made hot-house plants, to the pure and simple handiwork
in their stems near the ground, in June, and good of nature, which we find among our annuals ; and
rich earth mounded up about them, and generally ' when we come upon a clump of these in a situation
they will be rooted by the next season. Some may adapted to their wants, it is with an entirely differ-
be increased by inarching. Common kinds may I ent feeling of pleasure that we admire them, from
be set against the rare ones. A little bark cut that which we have in admiring a carefully ar-
away from the stock, and from the kind to be in- ranged and planted bed of our bedding plants,
arched, and then the two cut places brought face They carry one's thoughts to their natural habitats,
to face together and tied with bark, woolen string, the woods, meadows, and hill-sides,
or any thing of that character, and they will be | Not that I would depreciate the fine and beauti-
firmly united together before fall. Or they may ] ful varieties of bedding plants, but it should be re-
be grafted on other things growing at a distance, membered that we can greatly add to the beauty
by burying a small bottle till the mouth is level i of our lawns and flower gardens without minil ad-

13^

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

ditional expense, by using a few of the many va-
rieties of annuals.

There has, as we all know, been great improve-
ment by hybridization and selection, in many of
the annuals also, as the Phlox, Petunia. Aster, etc.,
making them valuable for bedding purposes where
a mass of color is desired.

Many fail to secure good results by making the
mistake of sowing the seed where they arefto bloom,
and then leaving them stand too close, causing a
weak and spindling growth, v,ith correspondingly
poor flowers, for they like room to develop as
well as plants that are larger when planted
out ; and will repay tenfold, later in the season,
the bareness of the bed when first planted. Phlox
should have six to eight inches of room, while Pe-
tunia should have from ten to twelve, and so on
in proportion to their size and vigor of growth.
Such varieties as Phlox, China Pink, Gaillardia,
and others, will bloom much better if not allowed
to bear much seed ; their general appearance will
also be greatly improved by the cutting of old and
faded blossoms occasionally.

Abronia, Aster, Balsam, Summer Chrysanthe-
mum, Dianthus, or China Pink, Gaillardia, Nemo-
phila. Petunia, Phlox, Whitlavia, and Zinnia make
a suitable list to try. and you will soon add a num- j
her more to your collection. Lancaster, Pa. \

A LOOK WITH PAUL OVER HIS NEW
ROSES.

BY E. Y. TEAS.

1 note what you say in April number about two
new English roses. I saw these on the grounds of
the originators, Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross,
near London, last August, and am confident they
are varieties of character and value.

Grand Mogul is undoubtedly the darkest good
rose ever produced, — of the darkest velvety tex-
ture, nearly black, of large size, good form, and
the plant grows vigorously.

Silver Queen somewhat resembles La France,
but is lighter in color and a stronger grower.

I believe these roses have not yet been offered
for sale. I have rarely, if ever, more thoroughly
enjoyed a few hours' run through a collection of
ornamental nursery stock, so much as I did
through Wm. Paul & Son's grounds, with Wm.
Paul as companion, I have not seen elsewhere as
fine collection of rare and beautiful ornamentals,
or in better condition, than here, or a more thor-
oughly companionable man to show them than
the venerable head of this old establishment.

Dunreith, Ind., April 4, i88y.

GARDENING IN DELAWARE CO., PA.
BY A VISITOR.

Gardening does not attract popular attention in
America as it would do if people would only re-
port on the good things they see. The author of
this, happenmg in the neighborhood of Media,
with the aid of a guide, made a hurried call on
Mr. Henry Patterson, gardener to Mrs. G. W,
Farnum, at East Media. He is one of the good-
natured gardeners of the old school, and has been
with the Farnum family for twenty years.

This is one of the most quiet and retired gardens
I ever saw in this country. It is also very exten-
sive. There are 14 acres of lawn. The place is
surrounded with a dense forest of different kinds
of trees, some of which are of large dimensions.
There are some fine specimens of hemlocks, Scotch
and Austrian pines, growing on different parts of
the lawn ; also a choice collection of different va-
rieties of shrubbery, — several groups of rhododen-
drons of improved hybrids, which show well for
flowers this season, — two or three large oval beds
of a variety of hardy azaleas, which Mr. P. in-
formed me bloomed exceedingly well last year,
and were admired by all who saw them. There
is also a fine kitchen and fruit garden, just an acre
in extent, laid out in a square, with gravel walks
and box edging, — substantial frames for forcing
early vegetables, — all surrounded with one of the
finest Arbor Vitse hedges I have seen for many a
day. The chief reason for this is, there are no trees
that interfere or retard its growth. The hedge is
about 5 feet through at the bottom, and is kept
clipped in, hke the ridge of a house, — at an angle
of about 45°, and looks very nice.

In addition to this, there is a truck patch of
about an acre in extent, and a fruit orchard of
of about two acres.

There is a greenhouse, I presume about 120 feet
long, divided into three sections, one of which is
used as a grapery, where 16 different varieties are
forced. Mr. P. told me they produced 400 lbs, of
fruit last year. The middle section is used for a
mixture of greenhouse plants, all in a good healthy
condition. I noticed a fine specimen plant of Pan-
danus Veitchii variegata growing in a 14-inch pot,
a picture in itself. Another fine plant which took
my attention was an AUamanda Hendersoni,
trained on wire, balloon shape, growing in a tub 18
inches in diameter. The last section is used for
forcing roses, which are of the best leading varie-
ties, and looked in a healthy condition. Some
extra fine hyacinths were being forced here, two

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

133

or three different colors in one pot. On inquiry, I
found the bulbs cost a little more than the average
price, but it is better to have a few of a good arti-
cle, than many of an inferior kind. Ixias ; this
beautiful genus of Cape bulbs were found here in
variety, growing in 4-inch pots. Sweet smelling
Freesia alba, and other good bulbs, may also be
noted.

The family mansion at the place is a model of
perfection and elegant design. It is of frame, very
large, with a finely built porch, where the sweet-
smelling honeysuckle and two or three kinds of
clematises are trained up.

My last look previous to leaving this place, was
at some cauliflowers that were being forced in a
pit on the south side of the greenhouse, which the
gardener was cutting at the time of my visit in
February. It was Henderson's early Snowball.
They had lettuce growing in between. This is a
matter of some importance to those who have the
advantage of a greenhouse heated with hot water,
as in this case. Two 4-inch pipes are connected
with the greenhouse pipes, and run through the
cauhflower frames, which keeps the temperature
of the pit about 40°, — ample for cauliflowers.
This arrangement can be made at a small cost,
and would pay for itself the first year, as good
heads of these vegetables generally bring about
fifty cents each in March. Twelve sashes, 8 feet
long and 3 wide, will grow one hundred heads,
$50.00, and one hundred heads of lettuce at ten
cents each, $1000; total, $60.00, — beVides having
the satisfaction ol fresh vegetables from your' own
place.

[We are much obliged for these notes. There
are many places of a similar character deserving
of notice, of which one never hears. It would be
a pleasure to have similar notes from any
chance " Visitor " that might drop in on them. —
Ed. G.M.l

like rubbish in an unused corner of the wagon
yard.

How neat it is, — how fresh and exuberant ! Here
in Rochester it bears double flowers, and is at
home under certain white palings, enclosing a quiet
door-yard that I have in my mind, with a half
dozen wayside grasses and the linaria-like yellow-
topped cypress plant, Euphorbia cyparissias.

In the outskirts of Boston, Greater Celandine is
frequently met with, and in town, beneath the iron
fence of the Public Garden, more especially the
Boyleston Street side of it, it continues to linger
from year to year.

With every recurring spring the spadesman
overturns and re-levels the earth of a broad border
just inside this very fence raihng, but our pea-
green friend is beyond harm, for the workman's
broad bladed tool and sharp toothed rake cannot
easily reach it. No one can object to its presence
here, and its willingness to remain amongst un-
congenial iron and brick, and yearly throw up its
orange-colored flowers and broad-lobed foliage for
the pleasure of the passer, should secure for it
long life and a permanent holding.

Rochester, July 6, 18^6,

A PRETTY WEED— CHELIDONIUM MAJUS.

BY M. D.

Greater Celandine loves well the fence-side. Of
course it will flourish elsewhere — indeed one may
suppose almost anywhere — and never is it averse
to showing its deeply sinuate and always nicely
kept peagreen leaves.

With burdock and elecampane, motherwort, an
aster or two, the fleabanes, and the round-leaved
mallow, it feels thoroughly secure in an angle of
the worm fence, or amongst cast aside hoe-har-
rows, superannuated horse-rakes, and other such

CHANGES IN RURAL TASTE.

BY D. W. LOTHROP.

In riding through the suburbs of our northern
cities and larger towns, the man of sixty years or

' so cannot fail to notice the remarkable change
that has taken place within a few years in rural
ornamentation, particularly in the styles of archi-
tecture and the color of dwellings of moderate size

j of which only it is now proposed to make a few

I observations. When it is said remarkable, the
term will bear emphasis, especially in relation to
painting. When the tasteful and discriminating
Downing wrote, forty years or so ago, cottages
and villas of any pretensions exhibited a degree

! of applied judgment in their construction which
is far less often seen now ; and their colors, instead
of being patched, striped and gaudy (in true toy-
shop style), were few, soft and refined, which lent
their harmony in a measure to the surrounding
objects of nature. Now many dwellings, at a
little distance, seem a mere conglomeration of
many-sided and various-sized blocks, some shingled
and others clap- boarded, with not a few common
conveniences ignored, and hardly two windows
alike in size or glass — presenting among other
designs, the quarter-moon, the half-moon and the

\ full-moon ; and added to these sensational nov-

:i34

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

cities is a tawdry style of painting which one would !
conjecture was a combination of that of the i
chequer-board, the barber's-pole and the American j
flag ! Another new and fashionable feature in !
painting is red roofs. In subordinate buildings ;
they may be tolerated ; but where there are many
in a village, from an eminence they unpleasantly
remind one of a brick-yard. Still, though art
may suffer, the painter is happy. i

Why it is the tendency of the present age '
or generation to adopt this grotesque style of !
building and this fantastic style of coloring, may
not be easy to decide. One reason probably is,
we have no fixed standard of beauty or taste in
these matters, as some may suppose we have ; and
in the nature of things it cannot be otherwise ; for
rural art rests upon a few rather vaguely-defined
principles (a kmd of unwritten law), which by
some builders are unrecognized, or degenerate
with them into mere whims or fancies. Beauty is
pleasing to the sense through the eye as music is
through the ear, and it is not a subject of much
reasoning, but is rather emotional, especially when
we rise from the lower to the higher types. Evi-
dently every sensible person would prefer a
chastely-painted gothic cottage to a whitewashed
hovel, though the details of the former might
create a difference of opinion.

Then, generally speaking, taste — which we may
define as the power of discerning beauty and of
creating it — is much an individual consideration,
and we are apt to think that ours is right, as we
generally do our watches, to use an old phrase.
In this respect it may be not much unlike the
personal conscience of which Butler the poet
says:

" 'Tis the dark lantern of the spirit,
Which none see by but those who carry't "

Then again, rural taste may be much influenced,
if not radically changed, by some crude examples
or trifling incident connected with men of wealth,
knowledge or power. Repton, the great English
landscaper, laments that some Enghsh nobleman
or dignitary, with Uttle intention or forethought,
may make a certain style in rural art popular that
has little or no merit in it. With the same idea in
literature. Pope, in his "Essay on Criticism,"
writes :

"Great wits sometimes may gloriously offend,
And rise to faults true critics dare not mend."

Whence fashions spring, however, it is fre
quently difficult to determine, though it is well
known where they rage.

The rapid changes in the color of houses to-day

one would be apt to charge to the painters ; but
some money and a love of ostentation with owners
will often do strange things. Men of means un-
doubtedly sometimes build, not for the purpose of
presenting anything beautiful, but for the sheer
love of eccentricity, and a few others will com-
mend their productions as the expression of an
original and refined taste. Thus it is that any
incongruous style in landscaping, building and
painting, may get a start on the road to popularity,
and a portion of the public are led to " admire
whate'er the maddest can admire."

Changes must come, however, but we cannot
say " woe be to them by whom they come," for
some may be commendable. And it is a some-
what curious fact which most persons must
frequently confess to— while it should "dull the
edge " of our criticism— that in what we term false
or bad taste and are accustomed daily to observe,
we first endure, then palliate, then accept.

IVesi Medjord, Mass.

[We commend this criticism to the good taste of
the reader. We are sorry to say the toy-shop and
barber's-pole styles are as frequent about Phila-
delphia as they are about Boston.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Planting Large or Small Trees. — At a
recent meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, Mr._ Francis H. Appleton said :

" In regard to the size of trees to be planted, the
experience of the essayist has resulted in the be-
lief that it is best as a rule to set out comparative-
ly small trees — say not over four or five feet high —
for evergreens, and to use a considerably greater
number than will eventually be needed, in order
that they shall give mutual protection until
they become well established. Deciduous trees,
whose branches can be trimmed in so as to bear
a proper proportion to the roots, may be planted
from six to eight feet high. Shrubs and vines are
best with small tops and ample roots. When there
is any question as to the size of a tree, it is best to
use the smaller, which will have a greater chance
of success."

This is not the experience with Philadelphia
planters. It depends wholly on how the tree is
dug, whether a small tree is better than a large
one. When people stick to the old recommenda-
tion of planting a large tree with a " ball of earth,"
the small one is undoubtedly best, because the
best roots being farthest from the tree, they get
left in the ground, while we are caring for the ball
of earth which has few good roots in it. A large
tree as often moved, is little better than a cutting.

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

[35

When moved, as intelligent planters about Phila-
delphia now move, with care to get the roots at
the extremities, they find large trees do just as well
as small ones, and save often ten and twelve years
in getting an immediate effect. Few, in the light
of modern horticultural knowledge, would feel that
there was any difference in risk, provided the sizes
were of equal vigor and equally well dug. The
preference is a mere question of cost.

An Orange Hardy for the North.— It is said
that Citrus trifoliata either has, or is likely to stand
hardy in any ordinary winter south of New York.
The fruit is not very good, but improvements may
come from it.

PiCEA Omorico.— A new spruce, apparently
allied to the oriental spruce, but with much shorter
cones, — the cones, indeed, like our black spruce
— has been described under this name by Prof.
Pancic. It grows in the north of Europe and Asia.

Kew Gardens.— The Royal Gardens at Kew
have from 170 to 180 persons in continuous em-
ploy. The annual cost for the whole maintenance
of the establishment is $100,000.

The Japan Witch Hazel.— The Japanese left
a plant of this in their garden at Fairmount Park,
at the Centennial. It is said to flower in spring,
whereas the American flowers in the fall. It is
Hamamelis arborea. ; the American is H. Virginica.

Southern Gardening. — One can scarcely ap-
preciate the great difference between the plants
that do the best service in Southern gardening, as
against those that are common in the north, until
they have read carefully the catalogue of some first-
class firm like the one issued by P. J. Berkmans, of
Augusta, Georgia, now before us. This is the
twenty-first annual edition and shows a commend
able growth, indicative of great business success.
The following is a list of broadleaved evergreens —
none except the box would be considered hardy in
Philadelphia : Ardisia, Aucuba, Buxus (tree box
in variety) ; Cerasus Lauro-cerasus (English Lau-
rel), Colchicum and Caucasian Laurels, Cleyera
Japonica, Eriobotrya, Escallonia, Euonymus,
Gardenia (Cape Jasmine, four varieties) ; Illicium,
Laurus Nobilis, Nerium, Tea, Olive, Magnolia
fuscata or Banana Shrub, Photinia, Pittosporum,
Viburnum.

Virginia Creeper and English Ivy. — Mr. J.
G. Barker tells the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society that the ampelopsis should not be planted
with the idea of covering a brick building ; for
the brick is too smooth for it to chng closely. The

essayist spoke of a brick church, the side of which
was entirely covered, but it was twice blown down
and took many days' labor to replace it. For such
places the Ampelopsis Veitchii (sometimes called
Japan ivy) comes in ; when once started it takes
care of itself. Those who have noticed it on
Trinity Church, and many residences on the Back
Bay, need no description of its beauty. On the
gateway of Forest Hills Cemetery it may be seen
in unsurpassed beauty, especially in the latter
part of September, when its foliage is of such
indescribably rich color as to lead a lover of
beautiful plants to say that it was worth coming a
thousand miles to see.

About three years ago the Ampelopsis Veitchii
was planted alternately with English ivy at the
base of a ledge, about twenty feet high, the bril-
liant autumnal color of the former forming a most
beautiful contrast with the bright green of the
latter. The English ivy should, however, have
a few pine boughs tied over it about the last of
November, to be removed about the first of April.
Many large boulders at Forest Hills are used as
memorial stones instead of monuments, having a
j bronze tablet set in for the inscription, and these
i stones are covered with Ampelopsis Veitchii.

Striped Roses. — Roses occasionally produce
branches with striped flowers. When these are
cut off and rooted the character continues with
more or less permanence. But often they revert
to the original self color, and the purchaser, mak-
ing no allowance for this, believes he has been
imposed on. Still, rose dealers have to risk this
sometimes. Messrs. Paul & Son, of England,
have now a striped one they call Pride of Reigate.
It is a sport from the Countess of Oxford, and so
far seems to hold its own.

Companion Plants. — We have often called
attention to the excellent effects in landscape gar-
dening of grouping trees or shrubs in order to
enhance the effects of each kind. Those plants
which flower before the leaves, like the Judas tree
or Golden Bell, when planted with pines or spruces
for a background, give a wonderfully pretty
charm to the whole group.

Spir^a Japonica. — Under the name of Astilbe
this is now common in flotists' cut-flower work.
Astilbe is a genus of the Saxifrage family, and
ttiough this plant is very nearly a saxifrageaceous
plant, it is truly a rosaceous plant, and a Spirasa.
It has also been known as Hoteia Japonica. Be-
sides its value for forcing as a cut-flower, it is an
admirable herbaceous plant for the open border.

136

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The great variety which gives so great a charm
to landscape gardening, is always in the eye of the
flower cultivator, for it is the infinite variety in the
form, color, and character of flowers that gives the
greatest zest to the grower. Often, however, we
depend on the flowers themselves for this variation,
but much may be done by the cultivator to give
variety, even by the manner of growth in the speci-
mens themselves. But even here judgment is
required to suit the character of the training with
the style of the plant to be trained. In the fuchsia,
for instance, where it is usual to let the plant grow
any way as it pleases, we may introduce a
number of styles of training that would be in ac-
cord with the habit of the plant, and add much to
the pleasure which variety gives. The pyramidal
form is one that is very popular with the best
fuchsia growers, but this does not permit the com-
plete clearance of the flowers from the branches
that their form requires for perfect development.
When trained as standard, the effect is very beau-
tiful.

To make the standards they may be trained up
to a single stem, all attempts to make side branches
being checked till the desired height is reached.
In the Old World some good results have been had
by grafting on the very strong growing kinds, such
as the Fuchsia fulgens, or F. arborescens. Other
plants may be trained as standards when the habit
permits an advantage to be gained. Some things,
so trained at times, are not, however, improved by
the style. We have seen the common geraniums,
Zonale pelargoniums, as they are sometimes called,
treated in that way, but the thick, bunchy heads
do not allow one to think the style pretty. But the
the trailing ivy-leaved species are well adapted to
this mode of growth.

When plants are set out in their pots for the
summer season, a slight degree of shade is found
beneficial. Some people of taste arrange them
into designs, like flower beds, and this gives them
an additional interest. For this work, trained
fuchsias and other plants, as described in the last
paragraph, help to make up very pretty work.
Greenhouses for rare or beautiful plants are not so
common as they might be, for the reason given.

that they are of little interest in the summer time
in our warm climate. But those who keep
their pot- plants under trellises in summer, and
take an interest in them, have nearly as much
pleasure in them as when in their winter quar-
ters. Most plants like to be out of the houses
in summer. Even a large number of species
of orchids seem to prefer the summer out-door
life. It is well to examine all plants before
setting out, to see that the drainage is good. In
the house we can see when plants need water, and
they get it only when they do, so that a badly
drained plant may not suffer badly. But out of
doors a heavy rain storm cannot be controlled, and

Standard Fuchsia.

hence valuable plants often die from becoming
water-logged. There is nothing more important
to successful plant growth, than to have the water
pass rapidly away from the roots of the plants.

Those who grow largely of carnations, bouvar-
dias, chrysanthemums, and similar plants, usually
plant them in the open ground at this season, and
take them up and carefully repot them in Septem-
ber. It is a much better plan than the old one of
worrying along with them in pots all summer.

Calla lilies, as people will call the Richardia
yEthiopica, flower much better next winter, when
kept dry from now to August, when they should
be repotted, and then regularly watered and cared
for. .

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

137

Azaleas flower better if the pots they are grow-
ing in are placed in the sun in this latitude. But
they require great care to see that they are well
drained, and yet do not suffer for want of water.

COMMUNICATIONS.

STEAM HEATING.

BY E. HIPPARD.

In answer to Mr. I. C. Wood, of Fishkill, N. Y.,
I will endeavor to throw as much light upon the
subject as possible, in regard to amount and cost
of fuel used during the season thus far, and for the
two months of December and January, when our
mercury fell from 10° to 17° below, and very often
from 10° to 12° below. As near as I can judge we
used about 30 tons of pea coal during the two
months mentioned, at a cost of 85 cents dehvered
on track here, with 40 cents added for drayage,
making for the two months, $37.50; and for the
whole season's firing it will require about 4>< car-
loads, with ^25.00 worth of wood added, we use
for burning off the soot from the drop tubes.

By actual experience I find that for steam
making, the fine coal, such as I use, is equally as
good and lasts fully two thirds as long as the ex-
pensive lump coal Mr. W. buys at ^4 50 per ton.
With us it would cost about $2.25 to $2.50, nearly
as much as 3 tons of pea coal. I think Mr. W.
should be well satisfied that he did not burn more
fuel with the kind of boilers he uses, as they are
great destroyers of coal ; the draught being straight
and direct, passes off fully one-half fuel without
any benefit, the combustion being too rapid.
What we want is a boiler with large grate surface,
and as slow a combustion as possible. In it lies
the secret of economy. Youngstown, Ohio.

IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

Imantophyllum miniatum is a remarkably robust
growing, free flowering greenhouse plant, belong-
ing to the natural order Amaryllidaceae ; and is a
native of Natal, whence it was introduced in 1854.

It may be described as being an amaryllis like
plant, having ligulate acute distichous bright
green leaves, from one to two feet in length, and
producing its flowers in large umbels on an erect
scape about 2 feet in length. Each umbel contains
from twelve to eighteen flowers, which are individ-
ually aboilt two inches across. In color they are
of a deep orange crimson, gradually changing

towards the center to a deep buff. Its period of
blooming is throughout the spring months.

When well grown it is certainly a striking and
very ornamental greenhouse plant, and one or more
specimens should be found in every collection.
Moreover, it is an excellent plant for cultivation in
the window garden.

The Imantophyllum is a plant that can be

easily grown, and does best in a compost of

two-thirds turfy loam, one-third well decayed

manure, and a fair sprinkhng of bone dust. In

potting, use porous or soft baked pots, and let them

I be well drained, and proportionate to the size of

j the plant; for although the Imantophyllum requires

I an abundant supply of water, yet it soon suffers

if the soil becomes sour, or water is permitted to

j stand around its roots. It does best when grown

I in a light sunny situation, and a temperature of

from tfP to 55°. For the summer season the

plants should be set out about the middle of May,

in a deep, well-enriched border, in a partially

shaded situation, where they should be well

watered during seasons of drought, or whenever

necessary. About the first of September they

should be carefully taken up and potted, using

I care not to injure their thick fleshy roots.

Or the plants can be repotted in May, and then
plunged in the open air in a partially shaded situ-
, ation, but if this is done, great care must be exer-
cised to keep them properly supplied with water.
I prefer planting them out, for not only do they
require less care, but the plants are much bene-
fited by the change, although at the same time
I strongly insist on their being taken up and potted
early, so that they can become well rooted before
I cold weather sets in.

Propagation is effected by a careful division of
the plant, and this operation should be performed
I in May, while repotting them or planting them
out for the summer.

The specific name was derived from "imas," a
leather thong, and "phyllon," a leaf, in allusion
to the shape and substance of the foliage.

Queens, N. K

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Glazing Greenhouses. — Some time since, we
noted that no one now thought of glazing with
putty, and this has brought us an inquiry, what is
the substitute ?

I For the outside of sashes we do not need any
substitute. No putty is needed on the outside, it
can be made so hard that it will not separate from

138

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

the wood, but usually it does separate enough for
a little water to get in. When frost follows and
the water congeals the cleft is made wider, the
putty becomes loose and water gets through.
There is no house so leaky as one usually glazed
with putty.

The modern practice is simply to bed the glass
in putty, and some do not [even do this, but use a
semi-fluid putty-like mixture which they inject into
the crevices by means of an India-rubber putty-
bulb, of one of which we give an illustration
herewith.

The glass is first fastened with triangular brads
— glazier's sprigs they are called. These are
simply cut out of tin. It is not easy to drive these
without the expenditure of much time. To aid in
this, an extremely useful invention is that of Messrs.
H. W. WiUiams & Sons, of Batavia, Illinois,

Diamond Point Driver for Glazing.

which the annexed cut represents. This has a
special style of brad adapted to it, and which
drives them in with great rapidity. It is one of
the most useful inventions we have met with for a

long time, and very much lessens the cost of
glazing.

There are many new and improved methods of
glazing without putty, and most of them very
meritorious, but which usually require skilled
labor to operate successfully. For the work
which any one may do, we doubt whether there is
anything more acceptable than Williams' putty
bulb, and the Diamond Point Driver.

The Growth of Greenhouses in Scotland.
— In an essay before the Scottish Horticultural
Association, Mr. McKenzie, a noted hot-house
builder, said that during the past ten years, $ioo,-
ooo worth of buildings had been put up by pro-
fessional builders, to say nothing of the great
number of houses built by people by the aid of
the local carpenters and gardeners.

Cut Roses as Room Ornaments. — These
should be cut in the bud. They will then give
pleasure for a long time. If cut just as they are
opening the petals soon fall.

A Giant Primrose— Primula imperialis. —
This plant recently introduced from the Himalayas
to the gardens of Europe, is said to have stems 3
feet in height.

Night Roses. — A German paper says that those
florists who want the best effect from their work,
use different roses for night than for day decora-
tion. Some roses, fine by day,
have an ineffably shabby look as
evening flowers ; others improve
under shade.

Deutzia gracilis. — In spite of
the continuous change of fashion
in flowers,, the pretty white Deutzia
gracilis holds its own as a winter
forced flower for cutting, with flor-
ists. It is not regarded as very
profitable, but somehow it cannot
well be replaced.

Fan Bouquets.— The fan style

of bouquets that once was popular,

is now again competing with the

mushroom style that now almost

universally prevails. It commends

itself to some florists as costing less

than the mushroom, as less flowers

are employed ; and more sales

result.

Raphia vanifera.— This is one of the most

beautiful of all palms. It has a clean solid stem,

rising to a considerable height, with a large tuft of

leaves at the apex, each leaf much larger than

^J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

139

the trunk, divided up into an immense number of
narrow, and comparatively short pinnules. They
may be likened to immense quill feathers. To say
that it is a palm with a huge feathery appearance,
is just the thing.

Australian Acacias.— For those who have
conservatories or houses free from frost, there is
nothing more desirable than the Australian Aca-
cias. They take some room, growing usually from
3 to 30 feet— but they all bloom young, and even
the largest may be kept low by training. They
bloom from Christmas to March or April.

Fuller's Rose Beetle. — The larva or grub of
Aramigus Fulleri, which makes such havoc among
the rose roots in forcing houses, is beheved to be a
native of Montana, and came to us, like the potato
beetle, by railroad, as soon as the country was
opened up.

American Methods of Growing Flowers
FOR Cutting. — We have before noted that the
European method of growing everything for cut
flowers in pots, seems odd to American flower
growers. They, on their part, seem surprised at
the ease with which we grow them. A corres-
pondent of the Gardening World says :

"I may as well mention here that the florists in
America plant out their Roses, Carnations, &c , and
It is certainly marvellous how well they do, <or finer
crops and grander flowers I never saw. Another
plant that is extensively grown, and for which
there is a very great demand, is M>rsiphyllum
asparagoides (Smilax). This they plant out, and
it is a common thing to see houses devoted ex-
clusively to its cultivation. I have seen houses
of it with hundreds of sprays trained up string
6 feet high. They grow it in this way, and
sell it so much a string; and it is invaluable to
the bouquetist. It stands well, and should be
tried here in this country, but I have never seen it
attempted."

Orange Trees.— It is often supposed that an
orange tree in a tub in northern gardens is to be
considered a mere matter of curiosity, or at rhost
of floral love. But those who take care get good
fruit. Nahum Stetson, of Bridgewater, Mass.,
produces them of such fine quality that the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society awarded him a silver
medal for some in February.

Orchid Seeds. — It is a well-known fact among
our wild orchids, such as Cypripediums and the
like, that they do not seem to spread, though
apparently seeding freely. If there are a thous-
and plants in one spot to-day, likely there will

be but a thousand in the next twenty years. The
same fact has been noted in the Old World, and
a correspondent of the Gardening World tries to
account for it :

«'A single capsule of some of our commoner na-
tive species would produce over 6,000 seeds, while
some of the exotic Maxillarias have been calcu-
lated to contain about a million. This number is
probably much exceeded by Cattleya gigas, and
seeing that the progeny of the third generation of
a species producing the lowest mentioned number
of seeds is sufficient to cover the entire surface of
the globe with plants, it is very obvious that a
very small percentage ever become plants at all.
Their minuteness and the very little nutriment
they contain precludes the idea that they offer
great temptations to, and are destroyed by birds.
Again we see that our native orchids thrive admir-
ably when they have succeeded in establish-
ing themselves, a fact which suggests the idea
that they either do not germinate or are killed in the
process of germination or soon after. The length
of time they require to complete this process must
be fatal to their well-being in this our changeable
climate, where the necessary conditions as to
heat and moisture are too inconstant and variable
to allow the seedlings to establish themselves ;
whereas, the seedlings of other plants are ready
to spring into life and activity upon the accession
of the proper degree of heat and moisture, those
of orchids are unable to do so."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Camellias and Roses. — Camellias love to grow
in partial shade, and in our country, do best in
greenhouses that have a northern slope. In the
old world, a famous grower has them in a span-
roofed house, but the glass is shaded from the
plants by Marechal Niel roses, trained under the
glass. It is said this combination is very profita-
ble to the grower.

W. F. Bennett Rose.—" F. B.," Philadelphia ;
This is not a seedling in the ordinary sense of the
word in which the raiser had to guess at the
origin, but as we understand an actual cross
made with forethought and manipulation by Mr.
Henry Bennett, between Xavier Olibo and The
President.

Culture of Cyclamens.— A correspondent of
Vick's Magazine writes that Cyclamens planted
out into very rich ground in June and repotted in
September, give much more satisfactory results
than when kept in pots all summer in the usual
way.

I40

TH£ GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

The paramount question with the fruit gardener
is the destruction of insects. We have to con-
fess to a belief that all schemes for their wholesale
destruction have proved failures, and that our best
hope is in their individual destruction. The differ-
ent kinds of moths and flies may be entrapped by
the thousand, in a persevering employment of wide
mouthed bottles of sweet liquids hung about the
trees. The curculio, whose most tempting allure-
ments do not lie hke moths in the way of sweet
food, but in finding a nice juicy nidus for the de-
posit of eggs wherewith to perpetuate its species,
can be slain by the hundred, by perseverance in
the shaking process. A snag, made by sawing off
a small branch a itw inches from the main trunk
of the tree, should be secured on each, on the point
of which to hammer, or otherwise the bark of the
tree would be irreparably injured. With a sheet
spread under the tree, and a sharp, quick jar with
the hammer, all the pests then on the tree may be
secured and destroyed. They are rather lazily in
dined, but still a few will come from your neigh-
bor's trees ; but a few jarrings occasionally will
keep them down. Experience has shown that this
course, which only demands a little labor, is much
more effectual than the thousand schemes that have
been devised for hanging various charms about
the branches, and then kneeling down and crying
on Hercules for assistance.

Watch newly planted fruit trees. If they have
but a few weak leaves only, it shows the roots have
been injured ; then prune them severely, which
will make them grow freely. It should be a main
object to make all transplanted trees not merely
have leaves, but have new shoots at the earliest
possible moment. If they are growing very well,
they may be allowed to perfect a few fruit. Over-
bearing on a newly planted tree is, however, one
of the best ways of making it stunted for years.

Handsome forms are as desirable in fruit as in
ornamental trees. No winter pruning will do
this exclusively. It may furnish the skeleton,
— but it is Summer pinching which clothes the
bones with beauty. A strong shoot soon draws
all its nutriment to itself. Never allow one shoot
to grow that wants to be bigger than others.
Equality must be insisted on. Pmch out always

as soon as they appear, such as would push too
strongly ahead, — and keep doing so till the new
buds seem no stronger than the others. Thus the
food gets equally distributed.

Where water can be commanded, there is
nothing so profitable as to well soak the soil about
small fruits ; first about the time that they have
set their fruit. Much of the value of this opera-
tion, however, will depend on the nature of the
soil. The advantages are least in a tenacious,
and greatest in porous soil. It is said that an
animal derives most benefit from food when it is
hungry before it begins to eat ; it is certainly
so with plants. Water applied to soil already
wet is an injury ; and water never has so tell-
ing an advantage on vegetation as when every
leaf is about to wither up for the want of it.
A plant that never seems to want water is in a
very doubtful condition in regard to its health.

In the vegetable garden the asparagus beetle is
growing every year more troublesome. We know
of nothing better than poisoning the larvae, — but
this is so dangerous in the vegetable garden that
the work should be entrusted to none but extra
careful hands. "It is said" that slightly salt water
will kill the cabbage worm without much injury
to the cabbage. Perhaps something of this kind
may be useful against the asparagus pest.

In the cultivation of garden crops, the hoe and
rake should be continually at work. Weeds should
be taken in hand before they are barely out of the
seed-leaf, and one-half the usual labor of vegetable
gardening will be avoided. Hoeing or earthing
up of most garden crops is of immense advantage
in nearly every case. One would suppose that in
our hot climate, flat culture would be much more
beneficial ; but a fair trial, say on every other row
of a bed of cabbages, will show a great difference
in favor of the earthed-up plants. It would be easy
to explain the reason of this, but in this column we
try to confine ourselves to "hints," and leave rea-
sons to our other departments.

In sowing seeds, it is well to remember that
though the soil should be deep and finely pul-
verized, a loose condition is unfavorable to good
growth. After the seeds are sown, a heavy
rolling would be a great advantage. The far-
mer knows this and we have often wondered
that the practice never extended to garden work.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

141

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE YELLOWS AND PLUM STOCKS.
BY MAX.

In the March issue of the Monthly is a sug-
gestion from Mr. C. Hiller that it might be profit-
able to utilize the non-producing Blackman Plum
as a stock upon which to bud peaches. Mr. H.
thinks this would be a protection against the
yellows. And the Editor gives a quasi endorse-
ment.

Accepting your theory as to the cause of this
disease, at least until we get more light upon the
subject, let me give you a few facts, from which
you and your readers may draw the best con-
clusions they can.

Thirty-five years ago the writer's father tried the
experiment of budding peach on plum stocks
with the hope of securing more healthy and hardy
trees. Alas, the result was the same as on peach
stocks. Two or three crops of fine fruit and then
an orchard of dying trees. About ten years ago
a gentleman in Frederick County, Virginia, con-
cluded that plum stocks would be yellows-proof
and planted an orchard of two hundred trees.
Last fall he was engaged in cutting them down
and grubbing up the debris, and wanted to know
if burning the wood and roots and burying the
ashes would do anything toward destroying the
fungi or whatever might be the cause of the
yQllows.

Now if fungus mycelium does attack the plum
roots, as the above facts indicate, would it not be
more hkely to attack the Blackman, than any
other plum ? It is claimed that the Blackman is
half peach and you think the fungus mycelium
more partial to the peach than the plum — ergo the
Blackman would be sooner attacked than the
purer stock.

Oh ! for a book to tell us all we want to know
about these things. In the meantime we are very
grateful to the Gardeners' Monthly for the
careful aid and genuine light it gives.

Richmond, Va.

[This is the first evidence that seems positive
that peaches on plum stocks will get the yellows.
It is so important a matter that we should like
still further experience.

We saw ourselves in Southern Pennsylvania, a
large block of nursery trees, one year from the
bud, peaches grafted on Myrobolan plum stocks.
These were yellow and sickly, — but the yellowness
was not from the disease known as the yellows.

Is it not often the case that peaches with yellow
leaves from some interference with proper nutri-
tion, are often mistaken for trees sick with the
yellows ?

Scientific men who have not had the practical
experience which nurserymen and large peach
growers have, when undertaking to tell us the
cause of yellows, often leave us in doubt whether
they have had the genuine disease under their
hands in their experiments; and hence we do not
place the same value on the results as if we had
more certainty about this fact. Those who tell us
that the yellows cq,me from starvation, and the
want of some particular element in the soil, — and
that they have cured the disease — made a sickly
plant healthy, by good manure and cultivation, —
have certainly not had the real disease to deal
with. In the true " yellows " we do not see the
i results till the plant is past recovery— Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Calyx in Nomenclature.— German Po-
mologists figure the flower when illustrating an
apple, as good distinguishing characters may often
be drawn from it. The form of the calyx and petals,
and the relative proportions, are often very different
in different varieties.

Keeping Fruits from Insects. — If those who

establish orchards in new locations would watch

for the first introduction of insect pests, so as to

prevent their spread, they might often hold their

I profits well in hand for many years longer than

\ do those who take no such precautions. In Cali-

! fornia some understand this. Mi'. John Dillon

has a fine apple orchard on the north fork of the

Tule River, which he watches in this way, and his

beautiful apples, clear of all insect marks, are

making a nice income for him.

I Tricycle Ploughs.— When the Enghsh farmer

i first saw McCormick's reaper at the great first

i Crystal Palace show, it was an astounding sight.

! When they get to see the American tricycle

plough, which a horse will draw through the earth

with the driver sitting on it with more ease and com-

; fort than the best old ploughs, they will even be

i willing to spell the word p-l-ow in their enthusiasm.

j Protection To Fruit Industry. — England

and her Colonies in sympathy with her policy

J profess to be opposed to protection and favor free

' trade as a general principle — yet once in a while

" tax the community," to help some struggHng

I interest or another, which is protection of the best

142

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

kind. For instance, the Government of Canada,
has spent money in collecting and sending its
fruits to the Colonial exhibition in London. The
following from the Gardeners' Chronicle of Octo-
ber 23d, shows how well these fruits were received.
The money spent by the Government in this kind
of protection, will revert immeasurably to the
interests of the Dominion.

"One of the most comprehensive displays of
Canadian fruit ever made in Europe is now on
view in the conservatory of the Colonial and
Indian Exhibition. Contributions are made from
every province of Canada, from Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick to Quebec and Ontario, and even
from Manitoba and British Columbia, the greater
part of the exhibits having been collected, under
the direction of the Canadian Government, by
Professor William Saunders, of the Western Uni-
versity, London, Ontario, who has long taken
a keen interest in Canadian fruit culture. From
Ontario and Quebec excellent specimens are
shown of the varieties of apples mostly shipped
to British markets, and the body, texture, and
flavor of these must command general admiration.
The pears are noteworthy for size and color ; while
an excellent display of vegetables, and even Can-
adian out-door grapes, is made. The Nova Scotia
display comprises some fifty varieties. The British
Columbia and Manitoba varieties are also inter-
esting, as coming from parts of the Dominion but
little known in England for their fruit-growing
capabilities. It is, moreover, important to note j
that the shipment of many of the early soft
varieties of fruits now shown was made from
Canada in refrigerators, and the perfect condition
in which they arrived is considered to fully estab-
lish the value of this means of transit."

Great Britain and Ireland as Fruit Con-
sumers.— The British Islands are not large, but
some idea of the dense population may be
imagined from the fruit consumed. It is said the
value of the fruit importations last year was forty
millions of dollars. It is wonderful and hard to
believe, but they are official figures.

American Preserved Fruits. — European
papers complain that the preserved canned and
bottled fruits, especially of peaches, plums, apri-
cots and pine-apples, are now so nearly as good as
the fresh fruits, that they are entering largely into
European consumption, and threaten to seriously
interfere with the profits of the European fruit
culturist.

The Fire-blight Fungus in the Pear. —
Prof. Arthur proves very clearly that only the one
Bacterium, Micrococcus amylovorus, has to do
with the pear blight. He inoculated the fruit — a
pear — with many other species, but they did not
spread. When mixed with this species, none

grew but this particular one. So far no other
species but this was found injurious to the pear.

The Kieffer Pear. — This has fruited in Eng-
land, and pronounced of good but not first-rate
quality.

Skill in Ripening Pears.— While writing on
the proper ripening of pears recently, we took oc-
casion to say that there was a great art in hand-
ling as well as in growing them, and that no
doubt the uncertain reputation some varieties had
came in a measure from the uncertain knowledge
of those who had been growing them. A hint of
this kind we gather from the Gardener's Chronicle.
The very kind there referred to is pronounced no
good by American growers. After reading the
extract we may well ask if manner of treatment
has not had something to do with the bad name :

" About the middle of September I found that I
was likely to have a break in the supply of dessert
pears in the early part of this month, and as I did
not wish this to happen I took means to prevent
its taking place. I picked a half bushel basketful
of large clean fruit of that excellent variety Marie
Louise while quite dry, and placed them singly on
a sheet of wadding in a box, then having put an-
other sheet of wadding over the first layer of
pears, another layer of the latter followed, and so
on until the box was quite full, the wadding being
used to exclude air. The box was then placed
on the hot-water pipes in a late vinery. After it
had been there for a week or ten days I examined
the contents, and iound, but not to my surprise,
that the pears had ripened beautifully, the fruit
being full of flavor and more highly colored —
that is, of a clearer and deeper yellow than I have
ever known them to be when ripened in a cool
fruit-room. Since then I have treated several lots
of Marie Louise, of which variety we have a large
quantity, in the same manner, with the best re-
sults. Fruits of this variety which we have har-
vested this week are quite hard, as they will re-
main for some weeks longer. By this method the
season of certain pears or apples fit for table may
be prolonged ; and when there happens to be a
good supply of any variety of pear, and they are
allowed to ripen on the shelves in the ordinary
way in the fruit-room, the fruit cannot all be used
for dessert whilst good, consequently it must either
be sold or otherwise disposed of, but which, by
following the artificial process of ripening, could
have been consumed weeks previously."

Packing Pears. — The Ffench, who export more
pears than any other nation, cover the inside of
the boxes with spongy paper or dry moss, which
absorbs the moisture. Each pear is then wrapped
in soft paper, and placed in layers in the boxes,
the largest and least mature in the bottom, filling
all interstices with the dry moss. Thus, they will
keep a month or more. They are so closely
packed that though they cannot touch each other,

188;.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

143

all motion is prevented. If one decays the others
are not harmed.— Ganiencrs' Chronicle.

Dana's Hovey Pear.— This has not always met
the highest expectations. There seems necessary
some of the special management to which we
recently adverted. Mr. Hovey tells the Garden
that "if gathered October 10, while quite green
and hard, and put into boxes or barrels, just as
store apples, it will ripen up from December ist
to the 30th, with a rich golden russet hue unhke
any other pear, and possess a lusciousness of flavor
unsurpassed, I might truly say, by any other fruit
ever grown in our gardens ; no pine-apple or
banana equals it."

Doyenne d'Ete Pear. — The Bulletin (^Arbori-
culture et Floriculture, of Belgium, says it is
getting to be a bad point in a fruit to be "large
and new," and it is to the credit of this pear that
it is neither. Different accounts have been given
of its origin. A work published in Amsterdam in
1806, says it originated in the garden of the ci-
devant Capuchin Fathers at Mons. " As is the
case with all good fruits, it has a great number of
synonyms ;" and it quotes six — Doyenne de Juillet
is the name adopted by the Editor. He claims it
as the earliest of all in Belgium, except a few small
and insignificant things.

The Flemish Beauty Pear. — This once pop-
ular variety, although by no means an old kind,
is said to do well no longer anywhere. No one
seems to know why. It would be worth knowing
whether there is any locality in which it yet does
well.

American Apples in English Orchards. —
Few American kinds give satisfaction there ; but
the Mother Apple, a Massachusetts seedling, is
everywhere esteemed.

The Ribstone Pippin Apple. — This is the great
favorite with the mass of English apple eaters.
Our Newtown Pippin is also popular. As a general
rule the Ribstone Pippin does not do well in our
country. No doubt there are special localities
where it might do as well as in the Old World.
If only some one could find out this place, and
grow them largely with a view to export the fruit,
a fortune would follow the effort no doubt.

American Apples in England. — The value
of the apples sent from America to England last
year is given as $3,500,000, of which Canada
furnished $451,000.

A French Discovery of a Cure for Grape
Mildew. — Lime and sulphate of copper has been

found, when syringed over grapes, as a perfect
cure for mildew. The solution is thus prepared :
From 30 pounds to 50 pounds of lime and sulphate ;
each is dissolved in a barrel containing about 100
gallons of water. The operator dips a small heath
broom in the liquid, and ^walking backwards
sprinkles the vines. About 14 quarts to 1000
vines, the expense being a'little" over five dollars
an acre.

Cold Graperies.— Houses for the culture of
foreign grapes, were once among the most popular
of adjuncts to an amateur's garden ; but the ease
with which they can Jae had from out-door culture
in California, and from other sources, has operated
agamst their increase of late years. This is unfortu-
nate for those who like a good thing, for certainly
most of those bought in market bear no comparison
in quality to the best productions of glass culture.
Possibly there have been more put up than we are
aware of, and we should be glad to know from our
correspondents of any good graperies that have
been put up in their vicinity during the past three
years.

Prolific Californian Grapes.— Prof. Hil-
gard, of the University of California, experiment-
ing with 31 kinds of European grapes, finds the
Gros Verdot the most prolific, seven vines yielding
555 pounds. Forty vines of Black Hamburg gave
only 1050 pounds.

Weight of Grapes. — European grapes often
take notions to produce enormous bunches —
notions, we believe, grapes of American species
are free from. A recent account gives a bunch of
Gros Gillaume as weighing 20 pounds.

Peach Trees in Nev^t England.— Mr. Edmund
Hersey, of Hingham, Mass., says that fifty years
ago good crops of peaches could be had every
year in Southern and Middle New England. To-
day the crop is uncertain anywhere. Then the
practice was to raise seedling peaches, and to grow
the trees in grass. He contends that nursery
practices in peach propagation and culture have
weakened the vital power of the tree, which is
therefore unable to resist depressing influences as
formerly.

The Largest Peaches. — The Salway and the
Lord Palmerston are regarded as the two largest
peaches in the Old World.

Beauty in a Kitchen Garden — At the
December meeting of the Summit County (Ohio)
Horticultural Society, Prof. Claypole stated that
in England peaches, apricots and the finest plums
are trained only in the way described by the

144

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[May,

essayist or some modification of the system. The
high price of good fruit and the low price of labor
justify Europeans in adopting methods that would
not pay in Ohio. The money value of the fruit is
not the only consideration, A well trained garden
with trees trained as described is a most beautiful
sight.

Sweet Lemons. — Sweet lemons are a favorite
Mexican dainty. They are the shape, color and
size of the lemons of commerce, but are sweeter
than bananas.

Vegetables in Japan. — The Japanese are
almost vegetarians — not so much from choice
perhaps as from necessity, though the eating of
flesh is in a great degree forbidden to those who
are religiously faithful. Fish is not among the
prohibited articles of diet. Most of the flesh pre-
pared for food is for the infidel. In 1880 in the
whole of the Empire there were but 36,000 head
of cattle slaughtered— the half of which was used
by the foreigner. Nine-tenths of the food used
consists of vegetables. Rice is the chief article —
beans, peas, and sweet potatoes are largely con-
sumed. A fourteen-pound radish is very popular,
and numerous sea weeds are used as food. They
are on the whole a very healthy race.

Gum Bands in the Garden. — In the Old World
Cos lettuce is popular. The leaves are blanched
by tying them up with bast bands. The kinds
are not much grown here as the labor of tying
is too great. But India rubber bands have
been introduced there which saves much of the
labor.

Potato Culture. — Some carefully conducted
experiments have been made in England at Chis-
wick, which Dr. Masters summarises as follows:

1, earthing up produces a crop of more uniform
and of superior quality, even if less in quantity ;

2, that bending the haulms occasions a diminished
yield ; 3, that a larger aggregate produce is
derived from planting old tubers than from the
employment of cut sets.

Sow -Thistle Spinach.— It is said that the
young hearts of the sow-thistle, Sonchus oleracea,
make a delicious vegetable when cooked like
spinach.

Forced Strawberries and Tomatoes. — For
all her efforts, Florida cannot get strawberries and
tomatoes early enough for Northern epicureans,
and quite a profitable trade is growing for these
fruits forced. Pierpont Willson, of Vineland, New

Jersey, has been in the business some years and
I feels encouraged. His strawberries in February
brought $4. 50 to $5 a quart, and tomatoes 45 cents
a quart.

Dwarf Tomatoes.— In the Old World where
the best tomatoes are grown by means of glass
culture, the efforts with introducers of new varie-
ties are in the direction of producing dwarf kinds.
"Somebody's Dwarf," "Extra Dwarf," and similar
suffixes are common in the advertisements.

Northern and Southern Sweet Corn. — We
are asked why is sweet corn raised in the North
sweeter than the same corn raised in the South ?
We will first ask, is this a fact?

Close Cutting of Asparagus. — There has
been a discussion in English magazines, extend-
ing over a year, as to the proper treatment of as-
paragus. It is well known that unless plants have
the benefit of some foliage during the year, the
roots get weak and the plant dies. If we were
persistently to cut every sprout of asparagus as
soon as it appeared during the whole season, there
would be no asparagus next year. The usual
plan is to cut all that is worth cutting and leave
the small stalks, technically called the " sprue "
to grow on. The foliage left to keep the plants
going towards the end of the season, is therefore
from the small refuse stalks. So far as we can
gather as the results of the English correspond-
ence, the best results have been obtained by
leaving one good stalk to grow up— say, about a
foot apart in the bed — placing a stick against it
as a mark to prevent accidental cutting off, and
then cutting out all the small "grass." It is said
that by this method enormous stalks appear next
year, provided the soil is as rich as it ought to be
for asparagus.

A Money Lesson from Rhubarb.— Faith is said
to be the evidence of things unseen, and it is this
faith that sees money where ordinary eyes cannot,
that makes the fortune of many a nurseryman
and market gardener. Everybody has heard of
Myatt's Victoria, Myatt's Linnaeus, Myatt's Prince
Albert, and possibly other varieties of rhubarb.
The Myatts live at Deptford in England. Over,
seventy years ago, old Joseph Myatt had faith
there was money in rhubarb. He sent five
bunches to Deptford market, but two were brought
back as unsalable. Instead of getting out of
heart he sent ten bunches at the next market, and
all were sold. He persevered, and finally acres
on acres were produced, and the immense fortune
which faith saw was realized.

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

US

NEW OR RARE FRUITS.

Empire State Grape.— Size is but a secondary
<juality in a bunch of grapes, but it is a good
quality when the grape itself is good. This
variety has a very large bunch, usually seven
inches long by five wide.

York Imperial Apple.— Unless an apple gets
into the hands of some large wholesale dealer, a
first-class variety remains for a long time unknown.

There is probably no more profitable apple than
the Pennsylvania variety known as the York
Imperial. It has been before the public for near
half a century, and yet few have it to any extent
for market purposes. We believe that the famous
Baldwin is not its superior.

The Erie Blackberry.— This new blackberry
is much rounder than those well known. The
berries are about three and a half inches in
diameter.

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PROFITS OF TIMBER CULTURE.
BY S.

Reading Secretary Edge's article on the "Cost
of Fencing Timber in Pennsylvania," in the last
number of the Monthly, has suggested some notes
of a recent sale of locust posts at the place of Isaac
G. Smock, Holmedale, New Jersey. Four thousand
5-holed fence posts were sold in one lot at forty
cents apiece, besides 600 in smaller lots to other
parties, at forty-five cents each. It is, I believe,
the largest sale on record in that part of the State.

And the amount thus invested in fencing timber
for one farm,— $1,600— is certainly a large outlay,
to which must be added the transportation, cost of
the rails, and labor of setting.

These posts were cut in 1878, from broken and
untillable portions of the farm. The exact area is
not known, but one lot of this ground which meas-
ured 37-iooths of an acre produced timber suffi-
cient to make 1,406 5-holed fence posts, i5ogarden
posts, and 250 fence stakes ; or in figures :

1.406 posts @ 40 cents $562.40

150 garden posts® 15 cents 22.50

250 stakes @ 5 cents 12.50

S597.40

from 37.iooths of an acre, equivalent to I1.614 per
acre.

The groves whence this cutting was made
were planted at intervals after 1830, so that
the average age of the trees was about fifty years.

The area cut over in 1878 is now covered by a
luxuriant growth of handsome young trees, of
which I hope to write in the near future.

Albany, N. Y.. April 6, 1887.

PAULONIA IMPERIALIS.
BY CASPAR killer.

This tree has not received the attention that its
fast growing and value as timber deserves. Its
growth exceeds any other tree in this locality, —
has been grown of a circumference of 72 inches in
twenty-five years. Its growth in comparison with
chestnut is fully 2 to i. Its durability as posts, in
a trial of twelve years, shows it to be equal to
chestnut.

It is quite hardy here, where our coldest winter
days are from 12° to 1 59 below zero ; but from the
fact that its blossom buds freeze in the wood at
about 12°, it is doubtful if it could be relied on
much further north. On account of its spreading
habit and dense foliage, it is not a good tree to
plant along fence rows, or along highways. It
should be planted forest like, 5 to 10 feet apart,
and after growing several years should be cut oflf
at the ground, and then it will make sprouts 10 or
more feet high in one season.

The trees from time to time should be thinned
out, so that by the end of ten or more years, the
remaining trees should be 1 5 or more feet apart,
according to thriftiness. The thick planting at
first, is for the purpose of inducing upright growth,
instead of the extended side branches. Plantings
made on such rough parts of the farm that hardly
pay for general farm crops, would no doubt in
time become the most valuable part of the farm.

The thinnings on such plantings will be no

small item in paying tax bills and interest on land.

Conestoga, Lancaster Co., Pa.

[The Paulonia is very highly esteemed for its
timber in Japan.— Ed. G. M.]

146

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Umbrella Pine— Sciadopitys verticillata.
— ^This is the Umbrella Pine, so-called by the
Japanese, and which is the literal meaning of its
botanical Greek name. It may be said to be a
forest tree, though it is no longer found in Japan
forests ; all that is known of them wild being con-
fined to a small spot on the Japanese Island of
Niphon, though it is commonly planted about
Japanese temples. In the splendid collection of
Japanese woods at the American Centennial there
was no specimen of this, which also indicates that

Umbrella Pine.

it is not abundant enough to be included among
the lumber products of the Island. It reaches the
height of 80 or 100 feet, and we should judge
from the appearance of things that the quality of
timber would rank with white pine.

Unlike white pine however, it is extremely slow
in growth when young, though, as in the case
with many of the fir tribe, when it gets
strength it grows with fair rapidity. One of the
largest specimens in Europe is said to be a fine
example growing in the garden of Max Daniel
Wolterbeck, at Valkenburg, near Arnheim, in
Holland. It was planted where it now stands, in
a very exposed situation, twenty years ago, and it
is a healthy and beautifully formed tree. More-

over, it has never suffered in the least from frost
or other climatal influences. Of pyramidal shape,
it is nearly 1 3 feet high, with a circumference of a
little over 21 feet. Two years ago it bore for the
first time two ripe cones, and the seed produced
fifteen seedlings. Last summer it bore only one
ripe cone.

This is a more rapid growth than one on the
writer's grounds which was raised from seeds
brought from Japan by Commodore Perry's Japan
exploring expedition of 1852, and is now 5 feet
high. This must have been among the earliest of
modern introductions from Japan, as the date of
its introduction to England by Veitch is set down
as 1861. Lobb introduced a plant from Java in
1853, but this subsequently died. We have no
doubt there are larger ones in America from the
same Perry seed than this 5- feet specimen, as the
Editor distributed all his stronger ones, keeping
only the weak one for himself. We shall be glad
to know who has the finest in America.

Whether it will ever become a popular forestry
species is a question no one can answer now, but it
is undoubtedly one of the most strikingly beautiful
of all hardy coniferae. Like all other pines, the
true leaves are adherent to the bark ; and are
seen only (in other pines) when the branches are
young, or in an enervated condition. Then they
are free from the stems and take the form of
flattened leaves. When the growth is vigorous
the union occurs. The two forms of foliage are
very commonly seen in the Chinese Juniper or the
common Red Cedar. In pines a secondary
growth of leaves appears from the axils of the
scales where a branch should spring, and these
are known as pine needles. In most pines, these
fascicles of needles come out at every axil in the
upper parts of the branches. In the Umbrella
Pine they only come out at the extreme end of the
season's growth, giving the exact appearance of
the frame-work of a Japan umbrella. Each of
these secondary leaves seemed formed of two
leaves united into one, and they have been known
to split like seed leaves with a young bud growth
in the cleft.

They have been very scarce and high priced in
the past ; but are getting now within the reach of
moderate sized purses. The cut represents a plant
3 feet high.

Arbor Day in Pennsylvania and New
Jersey. — Governor Beaver has settled April 22d
as the Arbor Day for Pennsylvania, which is far
too late for the largest tree planting part of the

r887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

'47

State in most years, though it does for the present
season which is nearly a month later than it some-
times is. In States that have a variation of nearly
2,000 feet in altitude, two distinct dates should be !
given for the different sections. This has been
done by the Governor of New Jersey.

Laws for the Encouragement of Forestry.
— The Legislatures of the several States, and the
United States Congress, are continually enacting
laws which do little more good than to pay useless
Commissioners, who waste more money on igno-
rant reports. The true line for encouragement is
to make it to the profit of owners of land to plant
trees. Profits are too far off, and the risk of loss
too great, in most instances. In France, taxes are
in part remitted on those who plant trees, so that
they simply lie out of capital and labor. The land,
not eaten up by taxation, increases in value, while
the trees are growing. This remission is for thirty
years, the time it takes a well managed forest to
come into profit. If there is a loss by storms or
extra severity of heat or drouth, a further remission
is made. In our country we should have to in-
clude some remuneration by loss from fire.

It is in some such direction, American legislation
should be turned. We must stimulate self-interest
in forestry, and insure the planters against loss.

The Yellow Locust. — It is botanically, Robi-
nia, so named from Jean Robin, botanist to Henry
the Fourth, of France, who raised it from Ameri-
can seeds, towards the end of the seventeenth cen-
tury. It is possibly the hardest wood of any tim-
ber tree. It is almost indestructible, and hence
valuable for posts. It makes rapid growth in even
poor soil, and the roots do not rob the ground
much. Crops can be grown nearly up to the
trunk. Its defects are, that it is very attractive to
an insect, the locust borer, and it is utterly want-
ing in elasticity, and is useless for purposes that
require nails or spikes to be used. They draw out
in summer.

Yellow Pine in England. — The Garden says
that what we know as white pine, Pinus Strobus,
is always called yellow pine in England ; and it
adds :

" Fir timber of coniferous trees coming from
America is distinguished in the market from Baltic
timber by being termed Pine instead of Fir. The
different kinds imported are known as Yellow Pine,
Red Pine, White Pine or Spruce, and Pitch Pine,
according to the nature of the wood, and they are
mostly classed as first, second, or third quality,
without, however, any distinguishing marks. The
chief ports for American Pine timber are Quebec
and St. John, the best Yellow Pine being shipped

from the former, and the best Spruce from the
latter.

CoRSiCAN Pine Timber. — As recently noted, it
is as often the fault of the planter as the tree, that
timber proves poor. The Corsican pine, — Pinus
Laricio — has recently been condemned as a timber
tree ; but it seems that it is a lover of the sea-
coast. In such situations, the timber is said to be
good enough.

The Tulip Tree.— This is one of the finest
trees of the American forest. One, by no means
as large as many that might be found, had to be
cut away recently. It had been injured by a fire
that caught in a stable near, some years before,
on the grounds of Thomas Mackellar, Esq., of
Germantown. It was found to be 120 feet high,
and was eleven feet in circumference.

Tree Planting on Farms.— At the meeting of
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, held on
January 8th, Levi W. Russell gave an excellent
essay on tree planting. He justly says that every
farmer should have his nursery of forest trees;
and his boys should have the larger share in it.
There is nothing about the old home, not even the
well sweep and the bucket, which more endears it
to the boys, when grown to manhood, than the
trees which they helped to plant. We deplore the
exodus of our young men from the New England
homesteads to the West and other parts of
the country. If we would keep them, we must
make them love the land of their birth, and one
factor in this work is to attach them to the soil
through the practice of tree-planting.

Localities of the Red Cedar.- Our excellent
contemporary, the Gardeners' Chronicle, says that
Juniperus Virginiana is " a tree found growing on
low lying and swampy lands in the south-eastern
parts of the United States." It is probably think-
ing of the White Cedar, which the description just
suits. The Red Cedar is a much more northern
I tree, extending westwardly to the Rocky moun-
i tains, and rather affects dry, rocky, than low,
swampy places.

The Mount Enos Fir. — This is the common

name of Abies Cephalonica, which has proved to

be one of the hardiest of the rarer firs in America.

1 The following account of its history is from the

i Garden :

"In that interesting work, 'The Colonies,'
1 written by the late General Sir Charles Napier
1 when Governor of Cephalonia, much useful infor-
I mation is given regarding the above interesting
1 and ornamental tree, although at the same time it
I may be inferred from the text that he was not at

148

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

that time aware of its being a distinct and unrec- [
ognized species, for in speaking of it he says : 'It
is well known to planters that firs grown in high
and exposed situations possess great durability;!
and this is the case with firs growing on the |
Black Mountain, the wood of which is of the [
hardest texture.' The Black Mountain, of which
it is a native — so-called from the dark appearance
given it by these trees— runs in the interior ofj
Cephalonia from north-west to south-east, the [
highest point, the ancient Mount Enos, being 5,000
feet above sea levpl. This latter was at one time,
during the seventeenth century, covered with a
dense forest of Abies Cephalonica, and from which

a good revenue was obtained, but of late years,
through the ravages of fire and neglect of preser-
vation, much of the original forest has been
destroyed and the name Black Mountain is now
rendered, in the true sense of the word, almost
meaningless, and more so by the general whitish
appearance caused by the limestone formation of
the rock. In these, its native haunts, it attains an
average height of 60 feet with a trunk diameter of
4 feet, the largest and finest timber being produced
in the gorges and valleys where partial shelter is
secured, the highest rocks and ridges being cold
and bleak, and in most places with but a slight
coating of earth atop."

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PLUM STOCKS, AND PLUM AND PEACH

HYBRIDS.

BY T. V. MUNSON.

Though harnessed down to over-much heavy
work, I have a chance to slip a few words edge-
wise into the Hybrid Plum and Plum stock discus-
sion, so interesting to me, and made still more so
by the remarks of Casper Hiller, Prof. H. E. Van
Deman, E. F, Hillenmeyer, and yourself in the
March number of your journal.

First. Blackman and other Plums for Stocks. —
Having grown the Blackman for a number of
years, and observed its behavior, I am perfectly
satisfied in my own mind that it possesses peach
blood, and behaves quite similar to the peach. It
grows off very vigorously when young ; attains
maturity quickly, and hke the peach, quickly
begins to fail. It might be a step in advance of
the peach as a stock, if on its own roots, but very
doubtfully worth %^ per hundred as such. Happily
another plum imbued with Chicasaw blood mingled
with some other species — possibly some strain of
P. domestica, similar to De Caradenc, as it much
resembles De Caradenc in flower, leaf and habit,
but in fruit greatly like Wild Goose, only earlier-
it could easily be a cioss of Wild Goose and De
Caradenc, taking after the former in productive-
ness, size, quality, and color, while after the latter
in flower and tree, except the bark on young
twigs is not so yellow, more like Wild Goose.
This is the Marianna plum. Those who know it
well, will bear me out in the above and following

statements. Its most remarkable characteristics
are, that it grows almost as easily as willow, from
cuttings. It does not sprout from the roots, as do
other Chicasaw varieties ; it continues to grow
all the season through, and can be budded into as
late or later than the peach ; it carries other plums,
or the peach, excellently as a stock ; it is borer
proof, and the leaves never " rust" as do those of
i the Wild Goose. The fruit has never been dam-
! aged — though stung — by curculio, along side of
Wild Goose seriously injured. This variety origi-
j nated in Southern Texas, and does amazingly well
j all through the Gulf States; and in Iowa and Illi-
j nois has endured 30° below zero with little if any
apparent damage.

I I almost hesitate to make the above statement,
i for fear I may not be believed. But I risk my
! reputation on it. A variety promising such won-
derful capabilities, ought to be known. It is now
quite well distributed, and in a few years will be
abundant enough to furnish all plum stocks need-
j ed. When wood becomes abundant, I believe the
I stocks can be grown from these cuttings as cheap-
ly as from the seed of other kinds.
! Second. Hybrid Plums and Peaches. — Friend
Hillenmeyer's testimony as to the Wild Goose
plum hybridizing with peach, is perfectly in accord
with my experience. Though I have never
actually emasculated the flowers of Wild Goose
and fertilized with peach pollen, yet I have evi-
dence, which to my mind, and to every one who
has seen my trees, (Prof. Van Deman so expressed
himself when looking at the trees here) is as con-
clusive, if not more so, than the mere act of arti-
ficial impregnation having been performed. Just

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

149

as conclusive as it would be to a naturalist, if he
found his first mule wild in the woods, he would
never conclude it to be a " sport " of either Equus
caballus or E. asinus, but a distinct species, or
else a hybrid. If a little further on he would find
a mare (E. caballus female) with a mule foal for
the first time, he would be quite sure the foal was
a hybrid, and that with E. asinus, not a "sport"
nor hybrid with the E. zebra or any other species
of Equus. Now the following facts may the more
. easily be understood, and you will be able to judge
whether or not my a posteriori argument is not as
good as your a priori reasoning. For even if care-
ful artificial fertilization is performed, one cannot
be absolutely certain that a foreign peach, or other
pollen grain, may not have been floating by in the
air and alighted on the stigma at some time during
the operation. The air at such season is more or
less laden with such grains, undiscernable — only
to the smell or through the microscope — and this
seems to indicate them to be present all through
the atmosphere in any region where plum and
peach are blooming profusely. It would be almost
an impossibility to be absolutely certain that just
the desired impregnation had been performed.
Besides, there is a strong element of a priori
reasoning on my side.

Facts.— In 1883 in my orchard stood two Wild
Goose plum trees immediately surrounded by a
variety of stone fruits as follows, all of which
bloomed and bore abundantly that year : Alex-
ander nearest and many other varieties of peach a
little more distant, Golden Beauty plum. Weaver,
Yellow Transparent plum (an early yellow pure
Chicasaw with small leaves), Caddo Chief— also
pure Chicasaw, early red. I gathered seeds from
the two Wild Goose, carefully saved and planted
alone. In Spring 1884 these germinated well, and
made a fine growth from 2 to 3 feet the first year.
Imagine my astonishment, to find about one-third
of them much more resembling peach than any
known plum, and all these were much more vigor-
ous than any of the others the first year. About
one-third of this seedling Wild Goose, had small
glossy leaves, and thorny growth like the small
Chicasaws. The others were quite variable, a few
closely like Wild Goose, one very vigorous and
beautiful, much resembling Golden Beauty in leaf
and peculiar habit with its yellow-barked twigs,
and late blooming habit. No fruit yet ; blooming
again this year. Two or three appear much like
Weaver, or about midway between Wild Goose
and Weaver (P. Americana).

The peach-hke forms became sickly with mil-

dew in leaf in the wet season of 1885, and are now
nearly all dead. They have set bloom buds but
never bloom, the buds dropping out before the
time for blooming, a week or ten days, in the same
way that Blackman generally does. If these are
not hybrids and only " sports," why are not some
of them like some other nearly related stone-fruit
not growing in the vicinity of the parent ?

In the fall of 1882 I gathered a quantity of wild
plums from a large-treed species of wild plum,
native here (P. umbellata ?), and planted for stocks,
on account of its vigor and sproutless roots. In
the spring of 1883 the'seed germinated and grew
well, making some 15,000 little trees; among these
three only were so peculiar, peach like, and twice
as high as the others, no one could but notice
them, looking over the block. They continued
growing and sappy long after the others ripened
their wood. The bark and leaves had decided
peach-taste, while none of the others had. I
planted these in my orchard to fruit. They have
grown well, set full of buds three years, but have
never bloomed a single flower, while other stone
fruit all around have bloomed profusely. They
begin already to show signs of early maturity,
like peach trees. I went the summer after we
gathered those plum seed and examined every
tree from which we took plums, but found nothing
similar, but some of them stood near an old peach
orchard.

In 1885 a friend of mine here, saved quite a lot
of Wild Goose plum seed from his trees, growing
near a variety of peach, small-leaved Chicasaw
plums. Weaver plums, and Damson plums. The
seeds were planted all in one row. In the spring
of 1886 they came up beautifully, some grew a
foot high, some 2 feet, some 3 feet, and some 4
feet or more. The smaller ones generally resem-
ble in leaf and habit, the small-leaved Chicasaws ;
the medium sizes vary much, some closely like
Wild Goose, some are remarkably like the Damson
plum, others are much like Weaver, and probably
one-third of these and most all the larger ones are
exceedingly Uke peach. I shall continue to ob-
serve this confounding lot of trees and report.

The Wild Goose with me and this friend always
bore profusely. But how many reports do we hear
of Wild Goose plum orchards b;ing almost sterile,
when not having other varieties among them !

This shows that the Wild Goose does not fertil-
ize itself to any extent, and that even the peach
will fertilize it. I have other facts bearing on this
same subject, but already I have probably ex-
ceeded your patience and reasonable space.

150

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

Now, who has grown seedUngs of Wild Goose
plum trees standing isolated, or at a distance from
other plums and from peach trees and with what
results ?

Now, friend Meehan, it's your time to put in with
some genuine a /r/cr/ facts supporting your theory
that plums and peaches do not hybridize, but
rather " sport." I once advocated that theory, but
the above facts have rather knocked me off my
pegs, on that ground. Also we want facts to show
that these peach-like seedlings of plums are not
hybrid, or if they are, that they are not infertile.
I beheve Prof. Van Deman to have rather the
best side of this question. Denison, Tex.

[Our friend has mistaken the position of the
Editor. There are three mental conditions con-
nected with judgment— assent, dissent, and that
which is almost persuaded but waits for more
evidence. In this latter class, not in the second,
are we in this hybrid question. We believe in the
possibility, the probability, the almost certainty,
that the peach and plum will cross and produce
hybrids. We are not willing to assent that the
very strong circumstances presented by Mr. D.
constitute the absolute certainty which true science
demands.

And we say this, not from any a priori reason-
ing, but from the a ^^j/<?ntf^7' reasoning adduced
by experience in other cases.

For instance : we found in a bed of Halesia
tetraptera seedlings, a plant with the leaves of an
apple tree. We are sure mnety per cent, of
casual observers, if not the whole hundred, would
say in passing, "there is a young apple tree grow-
ing among the Snowdrop trees." The tree was
saved. Its habit of growth is not like an ordinary
Halesia, but like an apple tree. When it bloomed,
the flowers had not the tubular base like a charac-
teristic Halesia, but it is cup shaped, just like the
flower of an apple tree, and then it is " sterile just
like a mule should be," as our friends would say.
These seeds were all gathered from one tree near
Germantown. There is one tree flowering of
Halesiadiptera, some twelve miles away, but no one
would suggest an hybrid from this parentage.
There is no other kind of Halesia within a thous-
and miles, or anywhere for it to hybridize with.

Distinguished botanists who have seen it, con-
cur in opinion, that if the plant had been found
wild, it possibly might have been used to estab-
lish a new genus.

The botanist with his knowledge of the limitations
in nature would not agree with the one hundred
common observers that this was a hybrid between

the Halesia and an apple. His evidence would
be considered of the a priori order. Our evidence
is of the posterior character. We have the facts
which lead up to the case.

It is because we have the actual facts in num-
berless other cases, of the wonderful power of
bud variation in nature, that we prefer to be re-
garded as almost persuaded, rather than an abso-
' lute believer in these easy mixtures. — Ed. G. M.]

WISCONSIN ORCHIDS.
BY JOHN H. DUNLAP.

Allow me to say a few words to your readers on
the subject of cultivating our native orchidaceae,
which can be so easily procured and transplanted
into the garden, and when once planted they give
a handsome return of beautiful flowers of delight-
ful fragrance. In order to grow them well, and
insure success, it will be necessary to select a
rather shady border and dig it out to a depth of i8
inches, putting a layer of old wood at the bottom.
Cover up the wood with a load of moss, found in
all tamarack swamps, and fill up the bed with soil
from a reclaimed swamp. Leave a place at one
end to be made entirely of moss, for there are some
that will grow in nothing else.

The next thing is to collect the plants. This
would not be difficult to any one living in Milwau-
kee, as many of them could be found within the
city limits, and all of them within a few miles, ex-
cept Calypso borealis. The first up in the spring
I is. Orchis spectabilis. This fragrant beauty is to
be found anywhere in shady woods, where the
soil is rich and moist. Arethusa bulbosa, and Po-
gonia ophioglosioides grows in moss and nothing
else ; so keep them in that part of your bed that is
prepared for them. They are very beautiful when
in quantity. Calopogon pulchella grows in rich
black soil, and far exceeds in beauty many of the
tropical Orchis that are grown by Orchis growers.
The Habenarias require various kinds of soil. The
following grow on loamy soil : H. orbiculata, H.
Hookeri, H. leucophaea, and H. lacera. But the
most desirable for border flowers are H. fimbriata,
H. psycodes, which are seldom equalled for beauty
and fragrance. They require moist, rich black
soil. The other species growing here are H.
virescens, H. viridis, H.. hyperborea, and H. di-
latata. They are all fragrant, but of no beauty.
Calypso borealis is very scarce in this State, and
if you can procure it, plant it in a box of moss by
itself. It must never be dry or frozen. It is very
curious to see it make its next season's blooming

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

151

bulbs after it has done flowering. Cypripedium
parviflora grows in loamy soil; C. pubescens
grows in shady woods; C. spectabilis grows in
wet willow marshes, but does fine in any good
garden soil; C. acaule and C. arietinum grow in
moss; C. candidum wants to have the full influence
of light and heat, a regular prairie plant growing
in large quantities near swales. Spiranthes cernua
and S. latifolia grow in large quantities in rich
black muck. This includes all the Wisconsin Or-
chis worth cultivating for their beauty and fra-
grance. We have Goodyera repens, Listera cor-
data, Microstylis monophyllus, Liparis liliifolia,
Aplectrum hyemale, but they are of no great
beauty and will only be interesting to botanists.
The above lists are well worth the labor and at-
tention of any amateur. Milwaukee, Wis.

THE ENGLISH SPARROW— PASSER

DOMESTICUS.

BY PROF. S. S. RATHVON.

Whatever this subject of the feathered kingdom
may be, or may not be, in its relations to the insect
world; or whatever insects, insects' eggs, or insect
larvae it may destroy, or may not destroy, there is
one characteristic, however, that must not be over-
looked or forgotten ; namely, it is a "Finch," and,
normally, it possesses the tastes, habits, likes, and
dislikes of a finch. There is a parallel line of
comparison that runs through the entire classes of
mammals and birds, wherein the feeding habits of
the one are represented in the other. These anal-
ogies were long ago pointed out by Linnaeus, and,
notwithstanding there are intermediate types, in
which there are interruptions of the general rule,
or deviations through necessity or domestication,
yet, in the wild or normal states of these animals,
they are true to their instinctive impulses. The
fruit-eaters are represented by the monkeys and
the parrots ; the flesh eaters by the tigers and the
falcons ; the carrion eaters by the hyenas and the
vultures; the insect-eaters by the ant-eaters and
the swallows ; the seed eaters by the field-mice and
the sparrows : those that browse in the deserts are
represented by the camels and the ostriches ; and
the fish-eaters, by the seals and the penguins. This
parallel of comparison might be carried out to an
immense extent, even including the insect world,
but the foregoing is sufficient for illustration. The
sparrows then are seed-eaters, and belong to the
great family Fringillidae, or " Finches," and nor-
mally are imbued with the qualities of finches.
They all possess short, stout, pyramidical bills,

suitable to plucking seeds and divesting them of
their hulls. Their bills have not the form and
flexibility of the " creepers," the " sylvias,"and the
"musicapas," (fly-catchers) that so industriously ,
canvass the branches of trees and shrubbery in
pursuit of the smaller insects, their larvae, and their
eggs ; nor the straight boring bills of the '' sap-
suckers," that so instinctively detect insects under
the bark of trees; nor yet the wide-gaping mouths
of the swallows and the "goat-suckers" that so
deftly capture their prey " on the wing." In short,
they are finches ; and, although under stress of cir-
cumstances they may^occasionally appropriate in-
sects, it is exceptional to their natural characters.
The most prominent exhibition of the sparrows'
willingness to feed on insects occurred during the
advent of the seventeen-year-cicada, in the sum-
mer of 1885. In many cases they manifested a
decided partiahty for them. But that was not a
very extraordinary phenomenon, for the same par-
tiality was manifested by chickens, ducks, turkeys,
skunks, dogs, cats, pigs, and other animals. It
only illustrates that there is something about the
young cicada, when it first comes out of the
ground that is very pleasant to the taste of these
animals; and no intelligent person would class
them with the specific insectivora on that account.
This partiality of many animals for the young
cicada no doubt led the ancient Greeks to make
these insects an article of food, and Aristotle said :
" When the larva is grown in the earth and be-
comes a pupa, it is the sweetest." In fact, the
sparrow can't help that it is a finch any more than
it can help that it was brought to America to eat
up our " fuzzy " caterpillars. It was created a finch,
and in the order of nature it no doubt performs all
the functions and uses pertaining to the great fam-
ily of finches. The " wisdom-chests " of our coun-
try have perpetrated a blunder in introducing the
sparrow here, for the purpose they had in view.
And now, since it is here, it has become more con-
spicuous for what it don't do as an insect scaven-
ger, than for what it does do ; and for this cause
the tide of popular opinion is beginning to run
against it. Our native finches never created any
special alarm. It is true they never had the im-
pudence and pugnacity of the English Sparrow,
but in proportion to their numbers they probably
! devoured about as much, whether seeds or insects,
as their foreign congeners do.

In discussing the characteristics of the Enghsh
Sparrow, we should "nothing extenuate or aught
set down in malice, ' and in the spirit of this quo-
tation it may be said, without much qualification,

152

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[May,

that it is of little or no use to us whatever; its place
could be better— or at least as well — supplied by
any of our native finches. If ever the English
Sparrow had an insectivorous propensity, either
acquired or inherited, before it reached America,
that propensity has become obliterated through
degeneration ; that is, by a return to its normal con-
dition ; at least this is the case so far as they have
become denizens of villages, towns, and cities. If
they have become demoralized as insect scaven-
gers, that demoralization is largely due to the re-
ception they have met with by the citizens of those
places. Notwithstanding an occasional moan of
complaint against their debudding of fruit trees
and shrubbery in the early spring, there has been
a large amount of sympathy bestowed upon them.
They remain with us all winter, when not another
bird is to be seen ; and with most people — especi-
ally children— such birds bear with them a cheer-
ful presence. Hence, everybody feeds them, per-

me that there was not a barn-swallow on his prem-
ises the present year ; but plenty of sparrows. So
far as concerns the feeding habits of these birds,
it is difficult to see how a conflict could take place
between them. Swallows are purely insectivorous,
and take their prey on the wing, a feat that no
spat row would probably attempt.

When I said that our native species of sparrows
would answer our purpose better as insect scaven-
gers, than the Enghsh species, I based that asser-
tion upon the fact that many of our sparrows, if
not all of them — although partial to seeds — do, to
a greater or less extent, feed on insects at certain
periods, doubtless in spring or early summer, be-
fore seeds have yet been developed. But these
insects they procure in the fields, the woods, and
the meadows, where the English Sparrows might
also procure them, but they prefer to " hang
around " the villages and towns.

Last summer, from the 4th of July until the loth

haps not always intentionally, but at least incident- i of September, I had under observation a colony of
ally. Many families habitually shake their table " scale-insects " (Coccidae), that infested a cucur-
linen three times a day in their back yards and 1 bitaceous plant on our premises; also a colony of
gardens, and the sparrows soon detect who are the j herbiverous " lady-birds " (Coccinellidae), both of
most liberal in this respect. A large number live | which increased largely from very small begin-
on the street, and eke out a livelihood by exploring 1 nings ; and these I permitted to increase without
the faeces of animals, and also appropriating a molestation, for the sake of experiment, the plant
multitude of " tid-bits " that they incidentally find being of no special value. We had also a colony
elsewhere. of sparrows, roosting in a Wistaria, not ten feet

I do not think, however, that the absence of our j from the infested vines ; but the sparrows allowed
native birds in this community is altogether due to the insects to destroy them without attempting to
the presence of the sparrows. That opinion needs j molest them. Perhaps no other bird would have
a special qualification, even if it is true in some 1 touched them, because there are some insects that

respects. According to my own personal observa-
tion, within the past ten or twelve years, the wren,
the social-sparrow, the song-sparrow, the blue-bird,
the cat-bird, the king-bird, and even the swift, or
chimney- swallow, have all, or nearly all, dis-
peared from the northern portion of Lancaster city ;

must be repulsive to birds of any species. These
insects would have been easy to capture because
they make no attempt to escape. I have known
them also to keep just as shy of the " elm-leaf
beetles," when the city was swarming with them.
Thousands were trodden under foot on the pave-

but this may be as much due to the expansion of ments, but the sparrows "let them severely alone."
the city and building improvements — the tearing j As an evidence that the sparrows do not, in any
down of old frame buildings and rearing up new j special sense, feed on the eggs of insects, caterpil-
brick ones— as to the presence of the Enghsh | lars of all kinds— especially the "fall web-worms "
Sparrow. The swifts, for instance, are in the habit — were very numerous, and very destructive to
of building their nests and raising their broods in \ the foliage of trees last summer. Some of the eggs
old disused chimneys, but the new chimneys that of these insects remain on the trees all winter,
are constructed are mere narrow flues, for a 1 and others are only deposited when the trees begin
draught to carry off the corrosive gas and dust of: to fohate ; but, from the fact that the caterpillars
a coal fire ; elements by no means healthful to were here in abundance, we have a right to infer
young birds. Still, a member of the Horticultural that the sparrows did not destroy the eggs, and
Society stated at a meeting, about a month or more that there were no other birds to do it for them,
ago, that he had not seen a swallow or a black- Indeed I don't think they would bother with such
bird on his premises during the months of August microscopic game ; they want something larger
and September ; and another member stated to and more substantial. Just opposite my window,

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

'53

I saw one some days ago, on a kitchen roof, wrest-
ling most vigorously with about 2 inches of pret-
zel, and he never relinquished it until he had re-
duced it to moieties small enough to swallow ; nor
would he share it with others.

A citizen of Chicago stated some days ago that
the sparrows were doing a " good thing " for that
city — they were eating up the spiders. That's bad.
Spiders are carnivorous, and feed on various kinds
of flies, wasps (some wasps "turn the tables" and
feed on spiders), butterflies, moths, aphids, bark
lice, and various other noxious insects.

To sum up then, the English Sparrow is doing
about all,as a destroyer of insects, that his nature
will permit him to do ; or, as we can reasonably
expect him to do. And unless he is detected in
the perpetration of some* positive evil, we may af-
ford to tolerate him as a gastronomical contribu-
tion to the table. Lancaster, Pa.

from the axils of the drupe leaves and a fourth
and tifth bud were starting from the axils of the
first two undestroyed buds, below the budless end
of stem No. 2. A plant whose dicotyledonous leaves
remain buried, or frequently fail to come to the
surface, certainly has many more chances for hfe
than where the said leaves are thrust well upward
into view.

[The peach offers interesting studies in Cotyle-
dons. It will be found on a close examination,
that they are alternate, and not opposite, as we
suppose such seed leaves to be. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

THE COTYLEDONS OF THE PEACH.

Young peach seedlings are quite common on
the rubbishy margins of the streets of Jacksonville,
Florida. One of these, several inches in height,
was pulled up not long since and its pale stem's
base was found to possess roots above the dico-
tyledonous leaves. A second plant examined had
three dicotyledonous leaves arranged and appear-
ing somewhat like the wings and boat-hke keel of a
papilionaceous flower. A third specimen had had
two stems, two attempts to grow upward, destroyed,
eaten away by bird or four-footed beast, whilst a
third stem had reached a height of three inches
without harm.

This last and the second effort had been made

•Among the published statements in regard to the spar-
rows attacking, driving off, and even killing other birds, I
can now only lay my hand on the following from Forest and
Stream, for April last. A correspondent states that while
in Erie, Pa., he and a score of other people witnessed the
attack of a number of sparrows on a robin, in a public park :
" One afternoon while sitting there, I noticed a robin singing
on a tree. Soon a sparrow stuck his head out of a box and
began scolding. Finding that did not stop the song, he
sounded his war cry, and soon was surrounded by others of
his clan, when a pitched battle was Immediately engaged in
and carried on with such vigor that they drove the robin to
the ground, and by picking and flying against him on all
sides, soon reduced him to submission. When we drove the
sparrows away, the robin was so badly used up he could
neither stand or fly, and was carried off by one of the spec-
tators." The same correspondent says : " On another occa-
sion I heard a great commotion among the sparrows in our
yard, and looking out I saw them attack one of their own
species that had a broken leg, and pick it to death." This
latter is perhaps only a species of heathenism that perhaps
prevails among all lowls to some extent. I have seen a
number of chickens attack another of their own brood that
had a broken head, and pick it to death, even swallowing
its brain. The first case above, if authenticated, would con-
stitute one of the positive evils which we should not tolerate,
if the power exists to prevent it.

Late Frosts in Georgia. — There was frost in
Savannah on April ist, sufficient to make ice on
buckets of water— about 31° — and large numbers
of cucumbers, beans, and other early vegetable
plants of the tender species, were cut to the ground.
: Pears and plums that had set their fruits, suffered
much from the very unusual late freeze, and the
crop of such fruits will be short.

Celery Fungus.— In the Eastern States the
larva of the celery fly is a great foe to the culture
of this vegetable. Under its attacks the edges of
the leaflets are browned as it burned. The plants
only grow weakly when subject to these troubles.
! Mr. B. T. Galloway in the Botanical Gazette says
1 that at Columbia, Missouri, the plant also suffers
much from the attack of a small parasitic fungus,
\ which attacks the leaves in July, disappearing in
September. It is called Cercospora Apii. Moist-
ure and bright sunlight seem necessary to the
growth of this fungus parasite. The germinating
bodies (conidia) sprout in three hours in sunshine
after the leaves have been moistened.

The Early Flowering Chrysanthemums.—
I The new race of Chrysanthemums flower in August

in England. Our gardens are all ablaze with
! floral beauty at that season, and we do not know
j that chrysanthemums in August would meet a

long felt want— as advertisers express it — but there
} might be many cases where these early chrysan-
j themums might be very desirable.

i Cause of Summer Thunder Showers. —
j Sohneke states that the electricity which is dis-
[ charged during a thunderstorm is produced by
I the friction of water and ice ; that is, that the ice
I is electrified by friction of water. Just before a
thunder-storm water-clouds (cumuli), and ice-
) clouds (cirri, cirrostrati), appear simultaneously in

154

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

the sky. The friction of these particles of ice and
water is a sufficient cause of the electricity which
is generated. — Independent.

Water in Vegetables. — Few people have an
adequate idea of the enormous amount of water
that is in the various solids we eat. Dr. C. A.
Goesman recently prepared the following figures
for the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, of
the percentage of water in i,ooo parts, that is
contained in our leading fruits and vegetables :

Name.

Name.

Corn-(kernels)

(stalk and leaves)

144.

150.
760.
770.
143.
160.
150.
160.
850.
822.
815.
897.

920.
898.

870"

884.

966'. ■
890.

87i!"
904.

767;"

933!*

(roots)

793.

(vines)

Peas— (seed)

(vines)

Beans— (seed)

(vines)

Carrots— (roots)

(leaves)....
Sugar Beet— (roots).

(roots)

Asparagus— (stems) .

(roots)

(sprouts) ....
Common Onion

(bulb)

Celery

Spinage

811.

933! '

860'. ■
841.
923

(leaves).
White Turnip

(roots)

(leaves)

Swedish Turnip

Common Lettuce

Head Lettuce

Roman Lettuce

Cucumber

Pumpkin

940.
943.
925.
956.
900

(roots)

(leaves)

White Cabbage

(head)

Rhubarb

(roots)

(stem and leaves)
Apples . . .

743^5
916.7
831

(roots)

Savoyan Cabbage . . .
(head)

Cherries

825.
838

Cauliflower

Horse Radish

(roots)

Spanish Radish

(roots)

Gooseberries

Strawberries

Grapes

(seeds)

903.
902.
8.30.
110.

Pruning to Promote Vigor.— The English
gardening periodicals are going over a question,
long ago settled we think by their American
brethren, whether or not pruning promotes vigor.
One of the best affirmative writers puts his argu-
ment in this way :

" Supposing twelve pigs are feeding out of one
trough, and eleven of them are removed or killed,
would there not be many times more food for the
one pig left, though nothing more were put in the
trough ? The illustration may not be either elegant
or absolutely correct, but it is near enough for the
purpose. The pruner, by reducing the buds in a
wholesale way, increases the supplies for the few
left, and as these ultimately appropriate the whole
to their own use, they, of necessity, are better fed
and become more vigorous in consequence of the
reduction of mouths."

We have found in our country that the food re-
feried to, is stored up in the wood of the tree or
shrub, and so far as that goes, the illustration
holds good. For that particular growing season,
there is a vigorous push. Every body knows this.

But the strong point on the other side is, that an
innumerable number of roots die after a severe

pruning of the branches, and the permanent vigor
of the tree is seriously checked. We have only
to look at the "topped " street tree, and the street
tree "untopped;" the willow trunk when cut for
osiers, and the one left to grow ; the Osage orange
or other tree in a regularly pruned hedge, and the
Osage left to grow up without pruning ; any one
can see after a few years, that the unpruned trees
make trunks of double the size of the pruned
ones, and can have no hesitation in deciding that
pruning is opposed to vigor, in the full meaning
of the term. The temporary strength of the il-
lustration has never been doubted.

Age of Bearing of a Coffee Plant. — Where
the conditions suit, the coffee tree is not many
years in coming into bearing. Near Lake Nyanza
in Central Africa from one plant set out eight
years ago, there were produced last year seventy
bags of the finest coffee,

«-■-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

RUBUS TRIVIALIS — ThE SOUTHERN DeV^T-

BERRY. — This is the name of the pretty black-
berry received from a Savannah, Ga., correspon-
dent, who says : " I send you specimens of black-
berry blooms, you will see they are purplish, or
rose-colored, a quite common thing about here ;
and I am told it is so every season— they are quite
showy with their suffusions of roseate and pinkish
flowers."

It is a remarkably ornamental plant and de-
serves cultivation in Northern gardens, where it
would make a very pretty trellis plant.

Sweet Scented Persian Cyclamens. — Mr.
Herbert Harris, Halifax, Nova Scotia, writes : " I
post to you a few flowers of a very fragrant
' Cyclamen Persicum.' I know of Cyclamens
(some) being sweet scented, but never saw so fine
a variety so highly scented. The plant has had
nearly one hundred blooms on it. Hope the
specimens will come to you in good order."

[These were found charmingly fragrant. We
have noted recently that there is a vast difference
between plants as regards the fragrance of their
flowers. Would it not be as well to try to get out
a specially fragrant race ? — Ed. G. M.]

Hybrid Plums. — Mr. Munson kindly sends us
from Denison, Texas, flowering branches of the
Blackman and other varieties supposed to be
hybrids. To our mind they are all simply sports
— the Blackman indeed may be termed a mon-
strosity— with no sign of hybridity about them.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

155

The plum may be always distinguished from the
peach by precocious activity in the corkcells,
which results in the sloughing off of the external
cuticle before the branch is a full year old, giving
a plum branch a silvery tint. All of these had
this character, and we should call them all true
plums. The Blackman is a singular monstrosity.
The sepals and petals are little more than bud
scales, while the centre of the flower is made up

of what appears to be a mass of independent car-
I pels, that one might take for pistils if they were in
some other genus of plants. They are really in-
termediates between stamens and pistils, and
would, we think, very much interest vegetable
teratologists. There appear to be two of these
abnormal flowers in each flower bud, as is com-
mon to plums. We see nothing to suggest any
hybridization with a peach.

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NOTES ON A TRIP FROM FLORIDA TO
MASSACHUSETTS.

BY DR. L. W. PUFFER.

You will remember that last year I gave a brief
account of experiments with the foreign grape at
Belleview, Fla. In a recent visit, March 25th, I
again examined the vines of Mr. Penfield, and
found them, considering the sterile soil, vigorous
and healthy. The new growth, some two feet or
more, was showing fruit, and I was told that last
year they also had fruit, although it was the same
year they were set. So far as I could ascertain,
no one in the vicinity had ever had experience in
the culture of the foreign grape under glass, or in
Europe or California. I was told that a neighbor
of Mr. Penfield had succeeded in grafting the
foreign grape on the native vines, that there were
few failures, and the grafted vines fruited well.
My visit was too hurried to enable me to make a
personal examination, which I had intended to do.
There are many hundred acres of groves, and
since I was here, one year ago, 75 acres more
have been set with orange trees, also 38 acres to
strawberries. Notwithstanding the cold weather
of last year and some slight cold spells this, the
development of the State has gone steadily for-
ward, and at no previous time have the prospects
for the future seemed more encouraging. With
all the talk about booms, and the denunciation
against the State, the best answer is perhaps to
quote the growth of Jacksonville which in 1886
showed a gain of 65 per cent, in her population.
Her streets have been paved, many large brick
blocks erected and with the exception of the beau-

tiful Southern trees, and fruits, the city has a
Northern aspect. The magnolias, live and water
oaks, with the palms and Southern moss are
unique and satisfying. On my return north, March
30th, I found that the market gardeners, or truck
men, were having particularly hard times, the frost
having caused a loss of more than $1,000,000 to the
early vegetables in and around Charleston, S. C.
This coming so soon after the earthquake, and to
a people already impoverished, is peculiarly
unfortunate. While waiting an hour for a train at
the Ashley Junction, S. C, we encounter at least
two dozen negro children of ages ranging from
5 to 1 5 with hands full of the beautiful Zephyran-
thes Atamasco, for sale. At a request for roots,
like arrows from a bow four started out and in
ten minutes returned with several dozen. Their
financial hunger was appeased by the payment of
a nickel each and both parties were pleased with
the bargain. I spent a day in Baltimore and
made a brief visit to the large and tasty grounds
of A. Brackenridge & Co. We saw some par-
ticularly fine specimens of the various kinds of
Retinospora, a plant whose rare beauty and entire
hardiness should make it more common than it is.
We had the luxury of seeing some 50,000, more
or less, orchids. The whole stock appeared
healthy and suggested the future possibilities in
the various localities in the United States in the
cultivation of this most exquisite creation of the
; floral world. People do not keep such a stock
' unless there is a demand for it, and we predict a
lasting love for the cultivation of this wonderful
exotic. Baltimore is a beautiful city, and we
noted with surprise some pear trees 30 to 40 feet
high, with trunks from 12 to 18 inches in diameter.
There is nothing that I have ever seen in New

156

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

England like it. Then too the various trees seem
to grow better there than in New England and
probably they may be more free from insect
enemies. There is a neatness everywhere and
plan about the buildings, particularly the dwell-
ings, not to be seen in any other city that I have
visited, that is very grateful to the eye, and adds
much to the enjoyment of the visitor.

[The wife of the Editor of this magazine, who
has an experience of thousands of miles of travel
over this continent, contends that Jacksonville
may claim in its Windsor Hotel, one of the best
appointed in the United States. It is pleasant to
hear from all quarters of the growing prosperity
of this distant portion of the country. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Those Ugly Weeds.— Lucy Larcom says in
Flowers of the Fallow :

" I like those plants that you call weeds,

Sedge, hardhaek, luullln, yarrow.
That knit their roots and sift their seeds
Where any grassy wheel-track leads

Through country by-ways narrow.
They fringe the rugged hillside farms

Grown old with cultivation,
With such wild wealth of rustic charms
As bloomed in Nature's matron arms

The first days of creation."

Philadelphia Prices in April. — It may serve
as a guide to those at a distance, who wish to grow
for the Philadelphia market, to note the prices
which fruits and vegetables brought at retail the
first week in April: cucumbers, 15 to 20 cents;
egg plants, 40 to 50 cents ; Southern spinach, 30
cents half-peck ; kale, 20 cents half-peck ; lettuce,
5 to 12 cents each ; water cress, 5 cents a bunch ;
Southern potatoes, 30 to 40 cents ; celery about 35
cents each; cabbage, from 15 to 35 cents; imported
German, 13 to 35 cents; radish, 5 cents a bunch;
tomatoes, 50 to 60 cents a quart ; onions, 15 cents
a quart; rhubarb, 25 cents per three bunches ;
asparagus, 85 cents to %\ a bunch.

Christmas Trees and Greens. — Of the thou-
sands of trees that are sold in Philadelphia, most
are Black Spruce from the mountains of north-east
Pennsylvania. There are a few Pinus rigida, or
Pitch Pine, with an occasional Red Cedar from
New Jersey. From the refuse of country nurseries
there are a few Norway Spruce, White Pine, and
Balsam Fir. The latter wholesaled at from $20 to
I25 per 100. They ran from 7 to 10 feet high. The
native trees brought about $40, and the very large
ones about tio. The retail prices are about
double, so as to compensate the risk of " stock left
on hand."

The wreathing is made of Holly (Ilex opaca), the
berries of the deciduous Holly or Black Alder
(Ilex verticillata) doing duty for the regular berries
of the evergreen Holly. " Pine wreathing " is
Lycopodium dendroideum — and "crowfoot wreath-

! ing," which is Lycopodium complanatum — these
used to be called Ground Pine, and (the latter)

I festoon Ground Pine, but common names change
every year or two. Then the Laurel (Kalmia lati-
folia) and the Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens)
complete the list of wreathing materials. Mistletoe
branches are growing in favor, and a quantity
with pure white berries, coming in barrels from
Europe, met with ready sales.

Decline of Gardening Taste in the Old
World. — The English papers complain that by
reason of the more even distribution of wealth, the
number of first-class places capable and willing to
employ the highly educated gardeners of older
times, are rapidly declining, and that numbers of
the best gardeners are looking for employment in
other fields. At one time to be a gentleman's gar-
dener, was about the best course for a person of
moderate means to rise in the intelligent social
scale. Now they become engineers, physicians,
clerks, and with these numerous channels open to
them in increasing opportunities, the fading oppor-
tunities for advancement through gardening, offer
little attraction. Commercial gardening offers
some inducements yet for talent, but the fear is
that when all horticulturists come to include
chiefly those who have something to sell, where
will the buyers be ? The conclusion a recent in-
telligent writer reaches, is, that even those whose
only interest in horticulture is the commercial one»
should at least interest themselves in promoting
the love of gardening, for its own sake, amongst
others.

Common Names of Houstonia ccerulea. —
By a ticket to an old specimen in the herbarium
of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadel-
phia, it appears that the early common name
about Philadelphia was Quaker Girls. This has
been changed in modern times to Quaker Bonnets.
In other places it goes by the name of Bluetts.

Golden Bell. — Common names are very nice
when expressive, and Golden Bell, first suggested
by A. J. Downing for the Forsythia, isavery good
name. Botanically, there is but one species, For-
sythia viridissima ; F. suspensa and F. Fortunei
being all forms of one thing. The two former are,
however, so distinct as to be well worth preserv-
ing under separate names. The two last have no

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

[57

material difiference. The leaves of one are tri-
foliate, and entire on the other, but the two kinds
are often seen on one plant.

Mum is the Word for Chrysanthemum.—
The Journal of Horticulture says :

"An American writer wishes that 'the name
Chrysanthemum could be shortened, as it causes
some trouble to those who are not familiar with
botanical names. We hear them called Cassan-
thiums, Chrysantheums, as well as Chrysantum-
bums, Chrysants and Chryschianthems.' To
these might be added a daring abbreviation in
common use amongst English growers — namely,
'the Mums.' "

As they are jovial flowers about Christmastime,
some American ladies call them Christmas An-
thems.

Culture of the Bacterian Fire-Blight. —
In his experiments with the culture of the Micro-
coccus amylovorus, which Prof. Arthur believes
to cause the fire-blight in the pear, he found it re-
quired a large supply of water for its best develop-
ment— a fact, observes the Professor, which has a
practical bearing.

In examining twigs of the Bartlett pear on
April 30th, when they had flower buds on them, he
found 68.7 per cent, of water. Twigs of the
Seckel pear had 67.3. The half-grown fruit, taken
the first week in July 79.3 for the Bartlett and -jj
for the Seckel. Professor Arthur, noting that the
Bartlett is believed to be more susceptible to the
fire-blight than the Seckel, believes " these num-
bers give some support to the view that succulency
and the strength of the disease are directly re-
lated." We cannot conceive, however, how less
than two parts in a hundred can have any material
effect on what we term succulency, nor is it clear
why, if the germs of Micrococcus will sprout in a
single drop of water, a whole tumbler of water
should have any greater influence in aiding the
process.

Classical Notes on the Violet. — Lady
Wilkinson, in her book on flowers, gives many in-
teresting particulars concerning the violet. It
must have been greatly in favor with the Romans,
she tells us, as they called their days set apart for
decking graves " Dies Violaris." Pliny thought
that violets were of medicinal value, and advised
that garlands of them should be worn on the
head. Different varieties of this flower grow in
many parts of America, Palestine, China, Japan,
Europe, and even on the Swiss Alps, and the ruins
of the Colosseum at Rome. Its praises, we are
told, have been written in many languages. Aboo

i Rumi, an Eastern poet, says, " it is not a flower ;

it is an emerald, bearing a purple gem." The

Arabs, it is said, compare the eye of a beautiful

woman to a violet. Homer speaks of Venus as
j crowned with violets, and Theocritus thought that

these flowers were specially desirable for wreaths.

Aristophanes spoke of Athens as " violet crowned,"
I and Dioscorides makes mention of the flower. In
\ modern times this favorite, with its meanings of

truth, modesty, and love, is spoken of by Shelley,

in these lines :

I " Lilies for a bridal bed,

I Roses tor a matron's head,

Violets for a maiden dead."

I — The Open Court, a Chicago magazine.

Pomology in Germany Three Hundred
I Years Ago. — When we look at the numerous
new varieties of strawberries, raspberries and
other fruits which can be raised from seeds and
fruited within a year or two, and contrast them
with varieties known to us half a century ago, we
cannot see that improvement has kept pace with
novelty in these new introductions. Old kinds are
said to depreciate, and new ones are necessary
I to keep up the standard, rather than to improve
i it — and possibly the natural love of mankind for
something new has had a great deal to do with
; the disappearance of many a good old thing
j before there was much degeneration about it.

Turning over the old books in the Editor's
j library we happened on John Bauhin's Historice
I fontis et balnei admirabilis Bollensis, who, he
! says, was "Physician to the Duke of Wurtem-
berg." It was published in 1598. There are
figures and descriptions of 60 named varieties of
[ apples, and 28 of pears, all from kinds growing in
t that part of Germany. These figures and descrip-
tions remind us so strongly of those of the present
day, that we can trace little novelty except the
names. They covered the whole season till
apples came again and were as large and beautiful
as anything we have. Even the names — Wein-
apffel, Janitapffel, and others have no novelty,
though perhaps not referring to modern fruits
with this name.

Even in the number of kinds, we boast of 2,000
varieties of apples. If John Bauhin could find 60
varieties in a small . quarter of Wurtemberg at
that time, we fancy if he had the same means of
communicating with the rest of the world by mail,
rail and steamer as we have, he might have come
up to pretty near where we are. It is well enough
to praise ourselves — but we may do some justice
to the old folks at the same time.

158

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

Fancher Creek Nursery, near Fresno,
California. — Mr. Gustav Eisen, who with his
superior intelligence and energy has made this
nursery world-renowned, retires from its manage-
ment. Mr. F. Roeding is the new proprietor.

The Princess of the Sandwich Islands.—
Mrs. Claghorn — Princess Like-Like — who re-
cently sacrificed herself in order to appease the
devil who is supposed to have caused the volcanic
eruption at Mauna-Loa, was a great lover of
flowers, and her death in this pathetic manner is
sad to think of. The religion of the Sandwich
Islanders demanded a sacrifice of a Royal Princess,
and Mrs. Claghorn ofifered herself. Her sacrifice
according to their religion was by starvation.
She lingered twenty days, and was placed in the
Royal Mausoleum on the 28th of February.
Singularly enough, as foretold by the priests, the
volcano ceased to flow on the day she died.

It is flowing again, and the demon, Pele, we
suppose is demanding another victim. We only
hope it will not be a good flower-lover like Mrs.
Claghorn next time.

Senator Mitchell, of Wisconsin. — This
gentleman, whose death is just announced, was a
munificent patron of horticulture. His residence
at Milwaukee, when the Editor saw it some years
ago, had around it extensive ranges of glass for
fruit and flower culture, and must have been among
the earliest in the west on this beautiful and pnncely
scale.

James Powell. — Mr. James Powell, of the old-
time florists of Philadelphia, died at New Centre-
ville, near Philadelphia, on the 17th of April, in
his 73rd year. Mr. P. was a highly educated
gardener, a native of England, and was invited
to settle in this country some fifty years ago, by
the late Robert Buist, with whom he lived as fore-
man until starting business for himself. He was
the brother of Mr. Powell, who, for so many years
was superintendent of the fruit department in the
gardens of Queen Victoria at Frogmore.

Mr. P. was quite successful in his earlier, and
we may say, continuous efforts to establish him-
self, but on several occasions his generous good
nature led him to endorse for friends, with the too
common result of paying the debts himself, so
that after each successful effort he would find
himself finally about where he commenced. By
these misfortunes he never achieved that emi-
nence which his intelligence and worth deserved.
Somewhat in retirement of late years, the younger
race knew little of him, while so many ol those

to whom he was endeared in the past have passed
away.

Grasses of North America. Vol. I. — By
Prof. Beal, Professor of Botany and Forestry in
Michigan Agricultural College. Published by the
author, at Lansing, Mich.

There may have been a work on grasses equal
to this in value, in the Old World or somewhere,
but if there ever has been, it has escaped the
writer's attention. It is wholly an original work —
a point that is full of meaning, when we remember
the high reputation of the practical man of science
who writes it. It proposes to cover the whole
range of intelligence relating to grasses. We have
chapters on the physiology of grasses, their chem-
ical composition, selection, improving, cultivation,
management of grass lands — and, as clover has
very much to do with grass lands, this also is em-
braced. The doings of insects, fungi, etc., are
also shown up, and it is difficult for any one to
conceive of a topic in connection with grasses on
which he may not be enlightened by a perusal of
this volume. If all flesh is grass, surely all men
will be interested in the work — and in some aspect
or another this is literally true. Prof. Beal has
done a great work for our country in giving them
this.

This one volume will not, however, yet satisfy
" all men," for the feast for the botanist is yet to
come. The list of all the seven hundred known
grasses of North America, botanically described
and classified, is yet to appear. But this will make
no difference to the completeness of Vol. I. This
will be just as useful to the mass of mankind,
though the second volume should never come.
It is a large octavo of 457 pages—and is full of ex-
cellent illustrations, many drawn by that excellent
grass-man, F. Lamson Scribner.

Botanical Contributions, 1887. — By Asa
Gray. The Proceedings of the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences, issued March 4th, gives
us notes on a number of North American plants.
The pretty Californian genus Eschscholtzia is re-
vised—the E. Californica is confined to the large-
flowered perennial form. Dr. Gray enumerates
eight other species. A true poppy is described —
the first found native on our continent. It is
named Papaver Californica. It is related to the
poppy of English corn fields, Papaver Rhceas.
Portulacaceous plants undergo revision, especially
the Claytonias, to which the Spring Beauty belongs.
A number of Malvaceae have been overhauled,
I and a new genus, Horsfordia, dedicated to the

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

'59

brothers Horsford— one of whom, of the firm of
Pringle & Horsford, must be known to many of
our readers. It is between Abutilon and Sphae-
ralcea. Six new species are described from a col-
lection by Pringle in Chihuahua. Bouvardia gra-
cilis, a white flowered species ; Ipomcea Pringlei,
a very handsome large purple flowered one, and
Pentstemon rotundifolius, a perpetual flowering
one, are among them. The Miscellanea refers to
only fifteen species, some wholly new, and others
hitherto improperly referred.

It may be inferred from the limited number of
new plants in this contribution, that we are nearing
the end of new discoveries on the North American
continent, which, as it leaves Dr. Gray more free
to work towards the completion of his synoptical
flora of North America, is surely "a consummation
devoutly to be wished."

The American Naturalist.— The American
Naturalist, one of the leading exponents of
American scientific progress, which has already
proved its necessity by a twenty years of existence,
has changed publish»rs, and is now issued by
J. B. Lippincott Co., of Philadelphia. It is not
only an exponent of American advance in scien-
tific knowledge, but is held in high esteem all the
world over. The subscription price is ^4.00 per
annum.

Catalogues. — Aspinwall & Treadwell, Bee
Keepers' Supplies, Barry town, N. Y.; Boomer &
Boschert Press Co., Cider and Wine Machinery,
Syracuse, N. Y.; Braun & Satterthwaite, Green-
house and Nursery Stock, Denver, Col.; Curwen,
John, Jr., Herbaceous, Climbing and Bedding
Plants, Villa Nova, Pa.; Hale, G. H. & J. H.,
Small Fruits, South Glastonbury, Conn.; Heinl,
John G., Floral Catalogue, Terre Haute, Ind.;
Kelsey, Frederick W., Trees, Shrubs and Vines,
N. Y. City ; Lamb, James M., Ornamental Plants,
Fayetteville, N. C; Moon, Samuel C, Ornamental
Trees, Fruits, etc., Morrisville, Pa.; Purdy, A. M.,
Fruit Trees and Plants, Palmyra, N. Y.; Shearer,
O. R. & Co., New Globe Peach, Tuckerton, Pa.;
Sheppard, E. & Sons, Plants, Shrubs, etc., Lowell,
Mass.; Siebrecht & Wadley, Orchids, New and
Rare Plants, also Wholesale List, N. Y. City;
Smith, W. L., Wholesale Plant List, Aurora, 111.;
Underbill, E. B., Small Fruits and Vegetables
Wholesale, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Wilson, William
C, Roses, Greenhouse & Bedding Plants, N. Y.
City ; Woods, D. R., & Co., Trade List of Novel-
ties, New Brighton, Pa.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Pasadena, California. — A correspondent
writes in raptures of Pasadena in Southern Cali-

fornia. It is a paradise — angels and all. He
found Cedars of Lebanon and Deodar Cedars.
20 to 25 feet high, and the great Sequoia and the
Redwood, 15 to 20 feet high, all under successful
cultivation. Of Dr. Carr's grounds but 8 years
planted, the highest admiration is expressed.

Florida Notes. — A correspondent sends us
the following notes : Near Ormond, Florida, one
of the points of interest is the Indian burial
ground at Bosarve. The road to it lies through
orange groves and bananas, and is full of interest.
At Silver Beach, Mr. Marsh has a plantation of
pecans that are grafted on hickory stocks that are
in a very promising condition. They are now in
bearing condition. He uses warm artesian water
for irrigating purposes. He is growing palms and
other tropical plants. The Halifax River is one
of the prettiest in Florida. A road has been
opened to Fort White through a magnificently
timbered region. At Lake City water-works by
steam pumpage have been estabhshed. Tobacco
raising is progressing, and Florida tobacco pro-
nounced equal to Havana. A newspaper called
the Tobacco Plant, has an extensive circulation,
which shows the extent of the tobacco enterprise.
The University of Florida has an excellent
museum. It is at Lake City. Here also are the
experimental gardens of Dr. Appell, he has filled
up a swamp at a cost of $1,000.

Here are to be seen over 300 varieties of the
choicest roses, many of them in bloom, 70 of
grapes, numerous different kinds of pears, peaches,
plums, quinces, figs, pomegranates, apricots, straw-
berries, English walnuts, a perfect wealth of flow-
ers and plants of almost every description, among
the latter specimens (names not remembered) from
Africa, Asia, Southern Europe and South America.

A new industry is the collection and shipment
of medicinal herbs and roots which abound in the
vicinity. Among the latter may be mentioned
60,000 pounds of the ''Queen's Delight" (Stillingia
sylvatica) sent to Providence, R. I.

The road to Fort White passes through some
of the finest timber in the world, which extensive
mills at Columbia City are rapidly utilizing. Many
of the stocks awaiting transportation for masts of
the largest ships, or their turn at the saw, were of
prodigious girth ind length.

The superintendent of public schools, Prof. E.

I G. Parsons, also resides here, and is a gentleman

j of fine intelligence and scholarly attainments.

His home is situated in an eight-acre grove of

! thrifty young pear trees of the Le Conte variety.

i6o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[May,

It has been generally conceded tliat the two j Madison and Tallahassee. The writer made a
great recommendations of the LeConte pear are, critical examination of Col. Blackburn's fine
that they may be easily propagated from the cut- orchard at Live Oak. and found a half dozen of
ting and were never known to bhght or die back, i the largest bearing trees almost ruined by this
as frequently happens to other varieties of the i disastrous blight. As many as twenty long limbs
same fruit. But decided symptoms of this disease on a single stock had perished, and the bark of
have appeared in Suwannee County, and reliable j the main trunk was splitting and seemed to have
gentlemen said they noticed it in the groves of ■ lost its vitality.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.— The
Fifty-eighth Annual Exhibition will be held on the
27th, 28th, 29th and 30th of September. The pre-
mium hst amounts to $700. The chrysanthemum
show will follow on the 8th, 9th, loth and nth of
November. $800 will be awarded in prizes by the
Society, and ^500 more by friends of the Society.
Schedules may be had of Edwin Lonsdale, Secre-
tary, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. — At
the meeting of March 19th, Mrs. Francis B. Hayes
exhibited another fine collection of roses, including
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, La France, Baroness Roths-
child, James Comley, Magna Charta, Captain
Christy, White Baroness, Merveille de Lyon, and
others. Mrs. E. H. Hinds exhibited amaryllises.
The exhibition was probably less than it would
have been but for the grand spring exhibition,
which opened on the 26th, and for which exhibi-
tors reserved their forces.

Horticulture at the Industrial Hall at
Paris. — Mr. Chas. Joly sends us a review of the ex-
hibition of the Horticultural Department, recently,
in which he notes that the plants and flowers were
arranged with much more taste than usually seen in
Paris exhibitions. Double cyclamens were re-
markable. Early spring blooming plants, as ca-
mellias, azaleas, violets, forced lilacs, primroses,
tulips, narcissus, and orchids were prominent.
Trufifaut Brothers made the chief display.

Chantin had the chief foliage plants and ferns.
Teveque was the chief camellia man, and Regnier,
the orchid. Robert had the double cyclamens.
Salomon, of Thomeray, had the honors on grapes.
Though railroads bring fruits from more favored
parts at all seasons, dried fruits are attracting more

and more attention. Vilmorin made a magnifi-
cent exhibit of seeds, Forgeot and Company, of
cinerarias and bulbous plants, and their primroses
were so remarkable as to receive a gold medal.

International Horticultural Company of
Belgium. — The Societe L' Horticulture Interna-
tionale of Ghent, Belgium, has succeeded the
famous Compagnie Continental d' Horticulture,
and propose to continue to send out to foreign
countries collectors for new and beautiful plants,
especially orchids, for which the old company
was so famous. Messrs. J. and Lucius Linden,
of Ghent, are the managers of the new company.
The magnificent work on orchids, known as
" Lindenia," is to be continued. The first part of
the second volume has already appeared, and
contains Epidendrum atropurpureum Randii,

I Cypripedium Macrochilum, Stanhopea tigrinum,
and Phalaenopsis Sumatrana. These beautiful

' colored plates are on folio sheets and are magnifi-
cent works of art. The histories and descriptions
are in French.

We are often asked for some work on orchids
suitable for ladies to make copy paintings from.
Such a work as " Lindenia " is just what is needed
for this.

Royal Society of Literature (England.) —
At the meeting on the 22d of March, Mr. W.
Paul, the celebrated rose grower, gave an address
on the literature of gardening. After the passage
of the dark ages, horticulture took a wonderful
leap, in which great efforts the Italians and the
Dutch took the lead — the French and English
then followed closely with their writings. The new
era in gardening came in with the 17th century.
It is however from the dawn of the present
century that the best literary efforts in behalf of
gardening have been made.

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

4

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN. '

Volume XXIX.

JUNE. 1887.

Number 342.

Flower Garden and Plmsurd Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

A city paper recently noted that a great change
was coming over the community in regard to
having pleasant country homes. Just before the
war for the Union, there was a growing love for
the home in the country where the wealthier por-
tion could spend their sumhiers, while residing in
the city during the winter time. The war broke
up most of those who were able to enjoy this
luxury. Numbers became suddenly rich, who
had no previous taste for country life. These for
the most part would build large and showy resi-
dences in the city, and very few cared for the
country residence. Again there came the develop-
ment of the railroad system, and improvements m
ocean traveling by which one could go to the
uttermost ends of the earth in a short time ; and
the winter gains were spent in summer journeying.
Of late, the paper says, there has been another
marked change. The railroads leading to the
suburbs have brought rural scenes so near the
cities that people of taste build again as they once
did ; and, if they are wealthy enough to afford it,
"take their vacation" in the winter, and go to
Florida or California, and stay quietly at home
during the summer season. It is said, indeed, to
be coming to be just the thing for those who have

country homes, with business in the cities, to take
their rests in summer there.

Just what may be the predisposing causes may
be a question ; but it is certain that the love of
country life and country homes is more intense
than it was a few years ago ; and pretty country
places are getting more common than they used
to be.

We are the more encouraged to continue, under
our seasonable hints, to make suggestions for the
tasteful arrangement of country grounds. Much
of the pleasure we derive from gardening is from
the cultivation of a correct taste in these things.
Usually about this time those who propose to build
select sites, and start with the building. A point
seldom considered by architects is to adapt the
styles of the house to the character of the ground.
But the truth is that whether a house is beautiful
or not will often depend very much on the character
of the spot on which it is located. A house that
would be regarded as beautiful in the city, may be
not beautiful in a country spot ; and not beautiful
simply because it is out of all character with the
surroundings. Yet often the owner is left to judge
from a lot of pretty pictures or plans what to
select for his taste. We sail down the Rhine, and
admire the castellated structures we see on its
rugged hill-tops. We pronounce them beautiful.

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

163

But we should laugh at these buildings if they
were to be set down on our broad and level prai-
ries. For a broad topped eminence a broad two-
storied building will look much more beautiful
than the lofty structures ; and the castellated styles
should be voted wholly out of order. To illustrate
this point we give here a sketch of the house and
grounds of Barron Court, the residence of Dr. John
C. Barron, at Tarrytown, New York. There is
nothing particularly striking about the architec-
ture. Among a lot of pretentious structures in the
suburbs of our cities, it would be passed unnoticed.
But on this slightly elevated plateau, and arranged
as it is between distinct groups of planting, it be-
comes a part of a singularly beautiful and very
pleasing picture. The landscape gardening has
of course much to do with the pleasurable effect.
The Norway Spruces are placed by themselves,
and form a distinct element of variation in the
picture ; while these again add much to the beauty
of the curve in the road which winds so gracefully
around them.

In lawns that have been raised from grass seed
sown the past spring, many weeds will appear.
The perennial ones should be weeded by hand.
The holes made by removal of roots can have a
little earth put in. The creeping grasses will soon
cover the bare surface. Lawns that have been
cut very close for several years, v/ill suffer much
from creeping weeds, which get all the sunlight
on their foliage they require to keep them healthy.
Unfortunately there is no way to get rid of these
but by letting the grass grow for a season, which
smothers out the weeds. A good help, however,
is, to sow in the fall seeds of some low growing
tufty grass, which mowing does not weaken much.
The Sheep Fescue, Festuca ovina, is a good one
for this purpose. We are inclined to think that
even for the main grass in lawn making it has
some good points. So far, the Kentucky Blue
Grass, Poa pratensis, has had no competitor. The
good point in a first-class lawn grass is that it
shall grow so stocky as to crowd out all com-
petitors.

Trees transplanted last sping, may not be push-
ing into growth as rapidly as desirable. A prun-
ing knife is a better friend in such cases than the
watering pot. The last year's growth may be cut
back to near where it started from. Sometimes
the earth has not been packed close enough to
the roots, to enable them to draw nourishment
properly. In such cases a packing or pounding
with a heavy paving rammer, is better than a
good watering. When a good watering seems

necessary, a basin should be made by draining
the earth away from the trunk, and water filled in
lightly so as not to press the earth together too
tightly by the force of the water. An essential
feature of good healthy soil is to be porous. If
the particles be packed tightly together, so as to
obliterate the minute air spaces that render it
porous, earth dries out all the faster for having
been watered.

«-•-»

COMMUNICATIONS.

PINUS PUN GENS— THE TABLE MOUNTAIN

PINE.

BY W. A. BUCKHOUT.

As the planting season comes around again I
feel like saying a good word for our Table Moun-
tain pine — Pinus pungens. Aside from their ever-
green character, and beauty of form and color,
there are two other, perhaps minor, pecuharities,
which pines have. First, they produce that deli-
cate tremulous movement in the air which we call
the " sighing of the pines," and, second, they
exhale a most delicious fragrance, the well-known
resinous odor of the pine woods. Whoever has
tramped and camped in our pine forests for either
business or pleasure can recall how even the
slightest movement in the air is betrayed by the
j needles of the pines. At night, especially, though
j no air seems stirring, they keep up a continuous
subdued undertone of music most grateful to the
ear.

And the fragrance of the pines is of a like
subtle nature. Unlike that from many other
plants, it comes, not from flowers, but from the
abundant resin, which, scattered all through the
wood, the bark, and the leaves, transudes about
the buds and from every wounded surface. The
delicate resinous aroma pervades the air, and
makes it so invigorating that breathing is a posi-
tive delight. The healthfulness of the great pine
forests is proverbial.

But few of us can have our door-yards in the
pine woods, and thus enjoy to the full these ad-
mirable qualities of the pine trees ; but in a
measure we may have them by bringing the pines
to our door-yards.

So far as I know, none of our native species, or
those in common cultivation, give off so abundant
a resinous odor as does our Pinus pungens. On
sunny days in winter it is easily perceived on the
south side of quite a small tree, and in the warm
days of spring the air all about a tree is delight-

1 64

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

fully fragrant especially in the evening. One can
mot help snuffing the air to get more of it. There
is nothing heavy or oppressive about such an
atmosphere. Breathing it becomes a luxury ; and
the mere expansion of the lungs which is thus
produced is in itself a healthful process even if
there is no hidden virtue in the resinous ex-
halation.

It seems to me that this feature alone makes the
Table Mountain pine a very desirable species on
the lawn. Its other good qualities have been
often named, and need not be repeated here. We
can hardly hope to get the gentle music of the
pines except where a number of trees are to-
gether and have acquired considerable height,
but the characteristic odor so agreeable to all can
be approximated even in our smaller grounds.
And for this purpose I think we have nothing so
good as Pinus pungens. It ought to be more
frequently planted on this account.

Prof, Botany, Agr, College, Pa.

[To the interesting suggestions of Prof. Buck-
hout, we may add that the purple male flowers
gtvc the tree a special spring attraction — while its
very large cones, which the tree bears when com-
paratively young, continue this interest through
the whole season.— Ed. G. M.l

TREES GROWN AS BUSHES.
BY REV. E. P. POWELL.

\ do not know but that the Monthly has often
euiough showed the value of dwarfing our standard
tt^es to use them as shrubs ; but there is nothing
finer for a small lawn or for groups on a large
iawn. Among the best for this purpose are the
Lindens, especially our common Basswood ; the
•Catalpas, Tulip tree, Beeches and Birches ; and
among fruit trees the cherries. Of course dwarfed
apples and pears are such only by grafting, that is,
as they are generally planted. Yet even a
dwarfed apple may be made by trimming alone ;
aJid made very pretty. The Jonathan grafted on
curdinary stock and headed low becomes a marvel
«3C l>eauty.

But what I intended to speak of was our forest
trees cut into shrub forms. I have on my lawns
many specimens of Catalpa that are invaluable.
They do not exceed lo feet in height and are in
some cases as many feet through and are covered
fiot only with rich foliage but in season with flow-
ers. Most of the magnolias do better cut in this
form. The Linden ^rnishes much larger leaves,
and will blossom freely when old. I have cut

them down when 3 to 5 inches in diameter and in
two years secured superb shrubs.

From our enterprising frietid, E. Y. Teas, at
Dunreith, Ind., I received some golden-leaved and
purple-leaved Catalpas of his own cross-breeding.
These are a glory of the summer, grown as shrubs.
There are many people who long to .grow their
childhood pets ; but, having no room for large
trees, do not comprehend how they can accom-
plish their desire. Let them grow any old
favorite as a bush, and they will enjoy it.

Our wild lands often show us superb specimens
of such planting, the result of cattle browsing.
Nature thus gives us a hint. Clinton, N. V.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Swamp Trees in Dry Ground. — The Sweet
Gum, Red Maple, Deciduous Cypress and other
trees usually found in swamps, grow better on
dry garden ground than in their native localities,
but do not produce perfect seed as readily.

Pinus excelsa. — The Bhotan Pine seems as
hardy as the common White Pine, and is very
beautiful. There are a number of mature trees in
the vicinity. They are still regarded as among
rare trees in nurseries.

The Cotoneasters.— These are closely allied
to the Hawthorn and, like them, have very beauti-
ful berries — unfortunately they are subject to a
disease similar to the fire-blight in the pear, and
plants die away too readily to make the class
popular.

The Oriental Spruce. — This does not grow
near so fast or so tall as the Norway. It has short
dark leaves. The male flowers are rosy pink,
which seem all the brighter for its dark foliage.
It is one of the hardiest of all the spruces, and an
admirable small evergreen where space is limited.

Cedrela sinensis. — This tree, as rapid grow-
ing and with foliage and habit much like an Ai-
lanthus, stands our chmate as well, and will pro-
bably become popular.

Hawthorn Trees. — Wherever the different
species of Crataegus will thrive, there are few
things more beautiful. One of the grandest sights
to our mind, on the grounds of EUwanger &
Barry at Rochester, is a fine tree of the scarlet
fruited Hawthorn. It bears fruits as large as
cherries, which are very good to eat.

Evergreen Cypresses. —The Monterey Cy-
press is not hardy in the northern portion of the

188/.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

165

Atlantic States— but the Lawson Cypress and the
Yellow Cypress or Nootka Sound Cypress as it is
generally called — are mostly hardy and are par-
ticularly beautiful things to plant.

Lawn Grass for Louisiana. — Mr. William
Saunders of the Agricultural Department tells
Popular Gardening that he is sure Blue grass.
Poa pratensis, will make a good lawn grass for
Louisiana.

PoGOGYNE NUDiuscuLA. — This very pretty low
California plant is the subject of a nice colored
plate in Gartenflora. It looks in the garden
border something as would Melissa pativina, well
known to lovers of good herbaceous plants. The
pistil is clothed with hair, which suggested to
Professor Asa Gray the name of Pogogyne, which
very likely those who prefer English to Latin

names may render " Bearded Lady."

I
Manetti Rose Stocks, — Over a quarter of a 1
century ago. the Manetti was the great stock on |
which to graft roses in America. Almost every
rose was grafted on it. At that time the Enghsh
grafted them on the Dog Rose, or Brier as they
termed them. There came revulsion in America.
No one would buy a rose grafted on this stock.
England took hold, as we discarded them, and
millions were grafted on Manettis there. Now
they are beginning to discard as we did, and are
going back to the Brier again.

Classifying Roses. — " D.," of Deal, a well-
known contributor to the London Journal of
Horticulture, says the judges of roses at exhibi-
tions are badly puzzled over the classes in which
some of the roses should be ranked. He com-
plains that people who simply guess at the parent-
age of their roses, announce the supposed origm
in the same positive terms as if they knew the
fact— and this leads to a suspicion of all state-
ments. The raiser of La France, M, Guellot, sent
it out as a hybrid perpetual, and afterwards him-
self classified it as a hybrid tea. Concerning
Her Majesty he says :

" It was very finely exhibited by the raiser,
it obtained the gold medal of the National
Rose Society, and then retired from pubhc
gaze. The name itself was a taking one, and
for a couple of years the constant question
was: When would Her Majesty be let out ? At
last it was rumored that it had been bought in its
entirety by an Amerigan nurseryman, and that it
was not to be had in England ; then afterwards
we heard that a very eminent firm of rose growers
in England had been appointed sole agents all
this time. I am justified in saying that everyone's
belief, although some were startled at the charac-

ter of its growth, was, that it was a Hybrid Per-
petual. When it was announced here it was as
a Hybrid Perpetual, but the firm who sent it out
gave its parentage — a hybrid between Canari and
Mabel Morrison ! I have no doubt the raiser
thinks this is its parentage, but others will be
equally certain that the hybridizations have been
interfered with. The announcements by other
growers gave it the character of a Hybrid Per-
petual, but did not designate its parentage, and so
it has come to be generally accepted that it is a
Hybrid Perpetual."

Rosa Brunonis. — Those who require a rose
that will cover the greatest possible space in a
short time should procure R. Brunonis, the Ne-
paulese Brier ; when once established in fair soil
it will make shoots 20 feet or more in length in a
season. The flowers are white, single, and pro-
duced in bunches. In its way it is very effective.
Amongst other roses that are not so much grown
as they deserve to be, is the North American
species R. lucida ; the flowers are single, rosy-
pink in color. It has beautiful toothed leaves
which set off the flowers well. — Gardeners^
Chronicle.

Arctic Poppy. — In the icy regions, and up
among the snow at the mountain tops in lower
latitudes there is a pretty perennial species of
poppy with pale yellow flowers, known as Papaver
nudicaule, which aids in giving the brilliant
color famous to Arctic vegetation. This has been
brought under cultivation, and made to give some
pretty variations to the florist. There is one with
flowers of pure white, another orange-scarlet,
and the original light yellow.

Michaelmas Daisies. — Under this head the
Asters of North American woods are very much
grown in English gardens, and are highly appre-
ciated.

Plant for Tree Shade —There i's often found
diflSculty in getting any thing to grow under the
shade, especially the shade of pine trees. The
common Periwinkle, Vinca minor, just delights
there. It also does well in the sun-light and is
often used to plant in cemeteries on graves. To
cemetery people in the eastern United States, it is
known as myrtle ; of course, the Italian myrtle and
the crape myrtle, as well as many other " myrtles/'
belong to wholly different families.

The Japan Lotus. — Nelumbium nuciferum
seems raised to the rank of a florists' flower in
Japan. Their catalogues give the names of some
twenty varieties.

Corbularia. — The section of the " Daffodil "
family that once were popularly known as Hoop-

1 66

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

Petticoat Narcissus, belong to an old genus called
Corbularia ; and it is becoming quite fashionable
to write or speak of them as Corbularias.

Garden Pentstemons. — In an essay on her-
baceous plants read before the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, Mr. W. A. Manda noted
the various families which gave us the most beauty
in our gardens. He said :

"There are a hundred species and varieties of
pentstemons, all of which are showy, but only a
few will stand our winters, being for the most part
natives of the Western and Southwestern States.
Among the hardy kinds the best is P. diffusus. It
grows from twelve to eighteen inches high, and
the large purple flowers are very freely produced
from May to August. P. pubescens is another
good species, with long spikes of pale violet flowers,
produced in May or June. P. ovatus is also worth
growing ; it flowers in June and July. P. glaber
is a very showy and compact plant ; the stems are
a foot high, and covered for the most part with
very large blue or purple flowers. P. laevigatus and
the variety Digitalis are showy plants, growing to
the height of five feet ; the flowers are white in
dense spikes. P. confertus has a profusion of lilac
flowers, though not very large. P. barbatus is one
of the best tor general culture ; the leaves are
shining, and the flowers, which are borne on
dense spikes, are deep red. There are several
varieties, the best of which is Torreyi, more robust
than the type, flowering later, and having darker
flowers and larger branching spikes. Closely
allied is the genus chelone, or turtle head, of
which three species are hardy : C. glabra, with
white flowers, and C. Lyoni and C. obliqua, with
rose-colored flowers."

Sweet Briars. — Roses with scented leaves are
still largely planted, though we do not find many
novelties pressing for popular applause among
them. The Garden says that one of the best of
this class is a variety known there as Hebe's Lip.
We do not think this has been introduced to
America.

Hollyhocks. — This beautiful flower, once as
popular as the Dahlia, but which came near ex-
termination through the ravages of a minute fungus,
seems inclined to be healthy again ; and cultivators
here and there, are venturing to try them again.

Box Laying.— The laying of Box and all other
live edging should be pushed forward in mild
weather ; the levels should be determined from
each end, and the intermediate pegs set by the
use of the rods. This is only necessary with one
side, as the opposite level is easily adjusted by
means of a straight-edge and spirit-level. The
edgings should afterwards be made up, well-trod-
den, beaten hard, and a trench cut with the spade
about 6 inches deep, and almost perpendicular on

the side next to the line. The Box should be
pulled to pieces, the rough stems and tops trimmed
off with the knife. Proceed to lay the young
plants against the face of the trench, keeping the
tops about an inch above the ground level ; steady
the plants with the back of the left hand, and
with the right draw the soil up against the face.
Always try to keep the plants of uniform height
and width. Replace the remainder of the soil,
tread firm with the foot, and cut off the surplus
soil about 2 inches from the Box, and throw this
on the border or bed. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

Garden Phloxes.— Mr. W. A. Manda of the
Cambridge Botanic Garden said at a recent meet-
ing of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
that of the hardy herbaceous and perennial plants,
the phlox is one of the best, the different species
of this showy genus affording flowers at all
seasons. Phlox subulata forms a dense mass of
rose-colored flowers, with pink eyes, in the earliest
spring. Many garden varieties have been pro-
duced from this species, such as Nelsoni, atropur-
purea, nivalis, the Bride, and others from the dark-
est purple to snow-white. P. amcena is another
vernal bloomer ; it grows about 8 inches high and
produces in May a profusion of purple flowers.
Not less valuable is P. ovata, which sends up
large heads of beautiful flowers on stems from i to
2 feet high in June. P. divaricata has pretty
bluish or lilac flowers on stems a foot high and
blooms in May. P. glaberrima is a very neat and
compact-growing species, a foot high, with long,
shiny foliage and dense heads of pinkish flowers
in June and July. P. reptans is a dwarf and neat
species, never growing over 6 inches high and
bears large flowers in May. But P. paniculata is
best known and most cultivated ; it grows from 2
to 6 feet high. The type usually has purple —
seldom white — flowers in large and dense pyra-
midal spikes. Innumerable garden varieties have
j been produced from this species, of all colors from
red to white. They flower from July to October.

Public Roads.— An exchange, in an admirable
article on road making, says:

"The plan adopted by Telford, the greatest road
engineer probably since the time of the Romans,
was first to level and drain the site of the proposed
road, then to lay upon it a solid pavement of large
stones, and on this a layer of stones carefully
broken so as to pass through a two and a half
inch gauge, and no stone weighing more than six
ounces, and over all gravel or other fine material
in sufficient quantity to hide the stones. Great
attention was paid to the surface until it became
thoroughly solidified, and then it would stand for

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

167

several years with a very little repair, one of the
roads constructed in this way requiring nothing to
be done, beyond cleaning the dirt off, for six years
after its construction."

The early Romans had not probably to deal
with the contract system that prevails in most
American cities. In these it is next to impossible
to deal directly with the roads, for in spite of the
efforts of the best citizens the money goes to pay
voters rather than road menders. The contract
system becomes a necessity of the situation. But
under this system the lowest responsible — sup-
posed to be — bidder has to be taken, and it is found
next to impossible to get done that which ought
to be done. The surface soon wears away, and
it is found by experience, that the solid blocks of
the Telford roads, often is all that is left. For
pubhc roads, therefore, that road is found to be the
best that will stand the worst usage, without
getting execrably bad — and Macadam is best for
this. With the war-captives of the Roman Dicta-
tors to put to work, and no frost to contend with,
we should prefer Telford roads or "such as the
Romans had."

The Siberian Salt Tree (Halimodendron
argenteum). — We do not know that this plant
has flowered in American gardens, but we know
of some plants that have endured our hardest
winters. The following from the Garden indicates
it to have some merit.

"This is a capital sea- side shrub, but thrives
equally well in any good soil, and if a little salt
be given old plants of it occasionally, it greatly
improves their growth. This plant is propagated
by means of seeds, by cuttings of the roots, and
by grafting it on the Laburnum or the arborescent
Caragana. When the latter, however, is used for
the stock, it is apt to throw up suckers close to the
ground, and, therefore, it is not so good for the
purpose as the Laburnum, which does not do so.
The name is derived from 'halimos,' maritime, and
' dendron,' a tree, in reference to the plant growing
naturally in salt fields and saline steppes near the

river Irtysh, or Irtish, in Siberia. It was first in-
troduced in 1779. It forms an irregular, much-
branched, deciduous shrub, from 4 feet to 8 feet
high, when planted in the open border on its own
roots ; but when grafted standard high on the
common Laburnum, it forms one of the most
graceful drooping plants that can adorn a lawn or
stirubbery. The leaves are alternate, abruptly
pinnate, with two pairs of small leaflets, clothed
with a whitish silky down, deciduous, and with
the petioles and stipules spinose. The flowers are
of a fine rosy purple, sweet smelling, pea-shaped,
tolerably large, and produced in great abundance
on two and three-flowered peduncles, from the end
of May to the middle of July, or even later, if the
season be moist. The young plants, however,
flower but sparingly j&X first ; but when they attain
I size and age they bloom profusely. The pods are
inflated, or bladdery, hard, ovate, brown, and con-
tain but few seeds. Its synonyms are Robinia
Halodendron, Caragana argentea, and Haloden-
dron argenteum."

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Variegated Umbrella Pine. — A variety of
Sciadopitys verticillata with yellow striped leaves,
has been introduced into France from Japan.

Cut- Leaved Red Berried Elder. — Vick's
Magazine says a plant of this elder, found by Mr.
E. Waring, near Tyrone, Pa., has been introduced
into culture. "The yout\g shoots look like purple-
black hearse plumes," it says — but we suppose it
will not be difficult to find a more cheerful simile
for its appearance.

Lonicera Standishii. — We suppose this must
be one of Mr. Fortune's introductions from China.
It proves perfectly hardy in American gardens,
and blooms before any of the other upright
Honeysuckles ; even before the Lilac is out it is in
blossom. It is white with a slight tinge of pink,
sweet-scented, and with foliage something like the
Weigela. L. Philomelae is a very pretty rose-
colored one, also flowering early.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

TRICHOPILIA TORTILIS.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The twisted petaled Trichopilia tortilis is a very
pretty free flowering dwarf evergreen orchid. It
is a native of Mexico, from whence it was intro-

duced in 1835. The leaves which are of a dark-
green color and about 4 inches in length, are pro-
duced from the summit of the pseudo bulbs
which are about 2 inches in length. From the
base of these bulbs the flowers are produced.
The flowers which are freely produced at different
times throughout the year are quite curious in form,

1 68

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[June,

the sepals and petals being twisted like a cork-
screw and of a brown and pale yellow color, the
creamy white lip being spotted with red.

The Trichopilia is a plant that can be easily
cultivated and should be grown in a compost of
fresh sphagnum moss intermixed with bits of
charcoal in order to secure sufficient drainage.
In placing the plant in the pot keep it in the cen-
tre, and well elevated above the rim, in order to
prevent the young shoots from being injured by
damp or an excess of moisture ; this will also give
the flowers an opportunity to properly develop
themselves. Water can be freely given whenever
the plants are in a state of growth, but when at
rest do not give so much. In the winter give a
temperature of from 55° to 60° keeping the
plants as close to the glass as possible at all times.

If the plants, when in bloom, are removed to
a cool and dry atmosphere they will remain for a
long time in perfection, care being taken to care-
fully moisten the roots of the plants occasionally,
or whenever necessary. Propagation is effected
by a careful division of the plant; this should be
done before the plant starts into growth.

The generic name is derived from " thrix," a
hair, and " pihon," cap, in allusion to the anthers
being concealed below a cap surmounted by tufts
of hair, and the specific alludes to the twisted
form of the petals and sepals.

When well grown, this is a very pretty and de-
sirable orchid, and as it can be easily grown, and
procured at a very reasonable price, it is certainly
deserving of more attention than it at present re-
ceives. Queens, L. I.

NAMELESS BEAUTY ROSE.

(Translated by E. M. from the Deutsche Rosen-Zeitung.]
Mr. Max Deegan of Kostritz has had a large
tea rose in his possession which few people know
of. He has long preserved it and it has always
proved an exceedingly prolific and flourishing
rose. As so many of the good old species have
been lost in the ever seeking after new^ ones, so
this rose formerly was not appreciated, although
it is more valuable than many of the newer pro-
ductions. One can only thank Mr. Deegan, that
among all these novelties, he has cherished and
protected this pearl of tea roses, and has taken
pains to make it accessible to rose growers and
friends at a reasonable price. Mr. Deegan calls
it a Noisette rose, and rightly ; the growth and
foliage are that of the tea rose, and the clustered
form of the buds points to the Noisette rose

variety. At the last year's meeting of the German
rose growers in Darmstadt, there were a number
of flowers exhibited by the cultivator of this rose,
taken from this Nameless Beauty, with the re-
quest that if any of those present at the exhibition
were acquainted with this species they should let
the exhibitor know. A reader of this request
thought he recognized the rose from the form,
coloring, and the clustered buds, as an old ac-
quaintance, the old Noisette rose " Mme Creard,"
whose flower the Nameless Beauty resembles
very much. Returning from Darmstadt, in a little
trip to Kostritz, we had an opportunity, at Mr.
Deegan's, of seeing this rose growing, when we
readily discovered the difference. This was a
warning to us, against designating the variety,
when the specimen cannot be observed upon the
plant, for it takes careful and experienced eyes to
keep from taking one variety for another. The
Nameless Beauty, as Mr. Deegan appropriately
calls it, is really an extraordinary beauty, and will
again appear in rose collections. Yes she will
perhaps be a celebrated beauty, when her value
is recognized. Now-a-days we expect a great
deal of a rose if it finds favor with a critic. But
if the requirements are graceful proportions, not
too weak, and not over luxuriant, then we find
them in the Nameless Beauty. The form of these
flowers must be symmetrical, the coloring pure and
the growth prolific, and above all the rose must
be fragrant. And the strong yet mild aromatic
perfume, and the graceful form of the bud have
made it a great favorite with ladies. The color is
white, very seldom flesh tinted ; sometimes tinted
with a light delicate yellow. Particularly in sum-
mer, it is very rich in bloom, the flowers appear-
ing until late in the fall. These thrive too in not
very favorable weather.

That this rose was known by no one may signify,
perhaps, that in the time when Mr. Deegan's father
received this rose, there may have been a mistake
made by the firm from which the gentleman
received it ; perhaps he received some novelty
under a different name, which the unknown culti-
vator missed perhaps later, with a great deal of
regret. But "there is nothing new under the
sun" says Ben Akiba. Be this as it may, we
have here a rose which deserves the warmest com-
mendations, so much more so, because Mr. Dee-
gan has offered it to the friends of roses at a low
price. Others perhaps would have called this rose
a novelty, and have offered it at a high price.

[This rose seemed to excite so much enthusiasm
among German florists, for its great merit as a cut

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

169

flower, that we were induced to give a full ac-
count of it— in August No., 1886 — with an illus-
tration, for the benefit of the Society of American
Florists, when they had their meeting in Phila-
delphia. We are glad to know that our efforts to
give early information on a matter of such great
importance to the florists of our country have
been appreciated. We give this additional note
to show how much interest is still excited by the
rose in Germany. — Ed. G. M.]

CULTURE OF THE CHRYSANTHEMUM.

An Essay read before the Mass. Hort. Society, Jan. 15, 1887.
BY ARTHUR H. FEWKES.

The cultivation of the chrysanthemum should
begin as soon as the plant is through flowering,
for it is in a great measure upon the health of the
cutting taken from the old plant that future suc-
cess depends. Many growers, as soon as the plant
has flowered, cut it down to the pot ; but this is a
very risky thing to do, as many varieties have a
weak constitution and will sometimes refuse to
start into growth if the old tops are cut off too
soon. The best way is to cut the branches back
quite severely at first, but not to cut the plant
down to the pot until the shoots have begun to
start quite freely from the roots.

The plants should receive as good cultivation
after they have bloomed as before, for it is useless
to expect a good, healthy plant from an unhealthy
cutting. From carelessness in this respect, or
from want of room, plants are often packed under
the benches or in some equally unwholesome
place, and the consequence is that the shoots
which start from the roots, from which the cuttings
are usually made, will be very soft and weak, and
totally unfit for cuttings. To this cause alone the
essayist attributed full half the failures so com-
mon in chrysanthemum growing.

The chrysanthemum is essentially a sun-loving
plant, and any encroachment on its rights is fully
paid for in sickly plants and flowers devoid of
that exquisite coloring that should make them so
charming. The plants, as soon as they are through
flowering, should be put in the sunniest place pos-
sible and have plenty of fresh air, judicious water-
ing and a temperature of about 50° or 55-. The
matter of watering is a very important one at this
time, as well as through the summer months. The
plants are more apt to be over than under watered
at this season, but still they should never be al-
lowed to come to a wilting condition, especially
after they have begun to make fresh growth.

As soon as the young shoots are three or four
inches long they are taken off for cuttings and
placed in the cutting bench in good, clean, rather
fine sand, in a temperature of from 45^* to 50^,
with a gentle bottom heat of about ten degrees
higher. Too high a temperature is a very prolific
cause of failure in striking cuttings.

In making the cuttings, choose such shoots as
have a fresh, growing appearance, and reject all
those that are at all rusty or unhealthy. Cut off
all but about three leaves at the top, for if more
are left they are very apt to wilt, and then it is
difficult, if not impossible, to revive them. The
lower end is cut witlva sharp knife, without regard
to the position of the leaves, as the roots start
about as freely between the joints as they do be-
low them. Ample room should be allowed the
cuttings while in the sand, for if they are too
much crowded they are apt to gather an excess of
moisture, which will cause them to damp off,
especially if they have previously suffered from
dryness.

If everything goes well the cuttings will be

rooted in about two weeks, and when the roots are

from half an inch to an inch in length they are

carefully removed from the sand and immediately

potted in 2^4; -in. pots. It is quite important that the

cuttings should be taken from the sand as soon as

1 they are well rooted, for as soon as the roots are

I formed the cuttings begin to grow, and there being

I very little nourishment in the sand, they soon be-

[ come weak and stunted if left there.

' The soil for potting should be composed of

I about three parts of good sandy loam, and one of

well-decayed stable manure. A heavy clay should

be avoided. As soon as potted, the plants are

' placed in a quite cool, light, and airy structure,

1 and shaded for a few days from the bright sun-

shine by a covering of papers. They should be

sparingly watered at first, but as they get used to

their new condition and begin to grow freely the

quantity may be increased as required, and from

this time to the end they should never be allowed

: to suffer from want of water.

! For the greater part of the plants that are to
I flower in autumn, the cuttings are put in from the
first to the third week in March, and potted as
j soon as rooted; the healthiest are selected to be
! potted up preparatory to being planted out in the
ground.

i After the pots are well filled with roots, but be-
I fore the plants are actually pot-bound, they are
i shifted from the 234-inch size to 4 inch, and from
'' that to 5-inch, as becomes necessary, for the plar.ts

I70

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[June,

should never be allowed to become pot-bound.
An April cutting that has never been checked is
much better than one started in February or
March and allowed to become pot-bound, for one
great secret of success in chrysanthemum culture
is to be found in keeping the plants in a healthy
growing condition from the time the cuttmgs are
made until they come into flower.

Pinching may begin as soon as the plant is
about six inches high. Pinch out the smallest
amount possible from the growing end, never cut-
ting back to hard wood except in cases of un-
shapely growth. Pinching is best done a few days
or a week before the plant is shifted to a larger
pot, for by this time the new shoots have begun to
start, and will be in condition to use the nourish-
ment supplied by the fresh soil.

Even when the grower has the advantage of a
house capable of being ventilated to an unusual
degree, it is best to place the plants in a cold
frame as early as can be done with safety from
frost. Here they can be hardened off, and will be
in better condition to start into growth immedi-
ately after planting out, which is usually best done
about the middle of May.

For planting out such a location should be
chosen as will at all times have a full exposure to
the sun and air. It is desirable that it should be
so situated as to be protected from strong winds,
but this must not interfere with the prime necessi-
ties of sun and air. The plants can be so staked
and tied that they will withstand all ordinary
winds, but nothing will supply the deficiency of
direct sunlight and fresh air.

A light, rich loam is the best soil ; if possible it
should be quite sandy, so as not to adhere to the
roots in hard lumps, but to fall away without tak-
ing the roots with it. With a proper soil and a
high, open exposure there need be little fear of
mildew, the one nearly unconquerable enemy of
the chrysanthemum grower.

The plants should be placed in rows, about 2^
or 3 feet apart each way. For each plant a hole
about the size of a potato hill is dug and filled
witlj manure, which is well forked into the soil.
The plant is placed in the hole, which is then
filled up with loam, being careful that the surface
is lower than the surrounding ground, so as to re-
tain any water that may be given to the plants.

The plants are to be kept well watered until the
roots have taken hold of the soil, after which they
receive no water unless the season is dry and they
show signs of suffering, when they may have it as
often as needed, occasionally substituting liquid

manure. Whichever is used should be applied at
evening, so as not to be evaporated before it has
time to soak into the ground. As soon as the
roots begin to take hold of the soil, the plants will
push out branches very freely, which should be
pinched as soon as they are four inches long, re-
peating the operation as often as the branches be-
come long enough, and continuing until about the
middle of July, after which the plants may be
allowed to grow at will, simply cutting back any
unshapely branches. The most severe pinching
is done while the plants are quite small, so as to
secure as many branches near the bottom as pos-
sible. These remarks do not apply to varieties
that make shapely plants without pinching ; such
had better be left to themselves.

Soon after setting out, each plant is furnished
with a strong stake, and as it increases in size
others are added to prevent the branches from
being broken by the wind. As the season advan-
ces, many branches become so heavy that they
are unable to sustain their own weight, and it fre-
quently happens that what has promised to be-
come a fine, shapely plant will be irreparably .
disfigured by one or more branches lopping off.
To prevent this, strings are tied around them from
time to time in such positions that one branch
sustains another. In this way few branches are
lost and much time is saved when the plants are
potted.

The worst insect pest is the black aphis, which
will cause much trouble if allowed to increase.
Dalmatian powder apphed with a bellows is an
effectual remedy.

About the second or third week in August the
plants are lifted, the best time being when the
ground is very dry, for the plants will then recover
sooner than when it is moist. They are taken up
thus early because it is better that they should
form their buds after potting, for, if formed before,
their potting will cause a severe check which is
apt to result in deformed or one-sided flowers.

The plants are lifted with all the roots that can
be secured; but in order to get them into reason-
able-sized pots considerable of the soil is carefully
shaken off, provided it is hght enough to fall off"
easily without breaking into lumps. For potting,
soil containing more manure than that for the
small plants is used— about two parts of good
loam to one of well-rotted stable manure. The
pots are selected according to the size of the roots,
being careful not to have them too large.

In potting large plants the soil should never
reach higher than an inch from the rim of the

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

171

pot, so as to leave ample room for an abundance
of water and liquid manure.

After the plants are potted they are placed
under trees where they can have plenty of air,
but at the same time be shaded from the hot sun.
They remain here about a week or until they seem
to have recovered, when they are taken to the
ground where they grew and plunged to the rim
of the pot in the soil. As they begin to grow
they must have plenty of water and never become
dry. The young roots soon reach the sides of the
pots, after which liquid manure may be freely
given as long as the buds are growing.

As cold nights approach, the plants are placed
under glass, even before actual frost appears. It
is a mistake to try to keep the plants out until the
actual appearance of hard frost, for we have many
nights not cold enough to freeze, but cold enough
to check their growth, and this checking of their
growth is an acknowledged cause of mildew
wherever it appears.

For a long time after placing them under glass
they require no artificial heat, and should be very
freely ventilated through the day. In cold cloudy
weather it is best to introduce a little heat into the
house, if only to dry out the dampness. Soon
after they are brought in, the black aphis will
appear, and must be persistently fought with
tobacco smoke, as long as the plants remain
inside.

Those who wish to cultivate chrysanthemums,
but have no house, will do best to procure young,
healthy plants in May, giving the treatment above
advised after that time, until the time for housing,
when they may be taken in on cold nights and
placed out of doors through the day. As house
plants, they should be kept well watered, syringed
as often as possible, being careful not to wet the
flowers, and kept in the coolest, airiest place to be
found. The black aphis, or black fly, is usually
found quite troublesome, but can be conquered
by persistent application of Dalmatian powder
with the bellows.

If it is desirable to keep the old roots over the
winter, they should be placed where they will be
kept quite cool, and if possible, near a sunny
window. Early in the spring they may be divided
and planted out in the open ground and receive
the same treatment as young plants.

The would-be cultivator must not expect that
his plants will always be as large or his flowers
as fine as those he sees at our fall exhibitions, for
the chrysanthemum requires unremitting care and
attention from the beginning of the young plant

to the end of the flowering season, and experience
is valuable here as elsewhere. But he should not
be discouraged, for a fair amount of success is at-
tainable with ordinary cultivation, and he will
probably feel repaid for what time and expense
he may bestow upon them.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Winter Carnation : Carl Lackner. — It is
not often that Kegel's Garten Flora figures florists'
flowers, unless they possess special merit. The
number of i5lh of April gives a colored plate of
this variety. It is a'very pale straw, with shading
of white through it. It is spoken of as one that
will make a permanent reputation with florists.

A Fine Bougainvillea, spectibilis. — In the
greenhouse of Mrs. M. B. Conard, at Sharon Hill,
near Philadelphia, a beautiful specimen of this
plant was profusely covered with its flower-like
bracts during April, and was a sight well worth
seeing. It flowered from almost every shoot.
It is a Peruvian plant, long known to cultivators,
but as it generally flowers only with age, few cul-
tivators of flowers know how well worth waiting
for is the great beauty it possesses.

Autumn Leaves for Home Decoration. —
Looking through Mr. August Rolker's catalogue
of " Florists' Supplies," one is reminded of how
great and varied are the means afforded of cheap
and yet beautiful home decorations to what was
possible but a very few years ago Autumn leaves,
for instance, have become a large article of trade.
As every locality has some kind of beautiful
autumn leaf different in some style or other from
those in other sections, it will be a good thing for
those with slender purses, but with some botanical
knowledge, to give the matter some attention.
Only a person with such knowledge will know
whether the beautiful specimen before him is com-
mon or not in other localities.

A Refractory Mareschal Niel Rose.^
•• W. M.," Govanstown, Md., writes: "I am in
charge of a greenhouse on a gentleman's country
place, size, 75x18 feet — glass area about 1,500
square feet— heated by one flue, running under
front bench ; in severe weather the thermometer
goes as low as 45°. It is a house of general utility
for raising bedding plants, cut-flowers, etc., etc.
I have been fairly successful with roses, such as
Safrano, Niphetos, Pearl de J., and even Catharine
Mermet, but I have a Mareschal Niel which
bloomed well last June, then started growing in

172

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

October and produced only about two dozen buds Jardins has become a successful rival. When it
this winter, none of which were perfect, possibly i was popular, the season of flowering was regu-
because of too low temperature. It is now dor- lated by pruning, the exact season for which
mant and I expect it will produce a crop again depended on the amount of heat that could be
about June. It is very strong growing, two sea- commanded, aspect, slope of glass, and other
sons' growth covering 220 square feet. Now what circumstances. Taking the conditions as detailed

I would like to know is, can M. Niel be grown
successfully in such a house, and how can I
change the habit of the plant, so as to make it
produce the main crop during the winter months,
instead of, as how, during the summer ? I will be
much obliged for the information."

[The MareschalNielis not now grown by florists
for cut-flowers to the extent it used to be, partly
on account of its waywardness as referred to by

by our correspondent, we think a severe pruning
back to the two-year-old wood about the end of
August, would bring winter flowers for him. —
Ed. G. M.]

New Greenhouses. — Among the houses in
course of erection is a range for Palms and Orchids
by Henry Graves, Esq., of Orange, N. J.; and
Alfred C. Harrison, Esq., of Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, is erecting a handsome range of graperies.

our correspondent, but chiefly because Perle des i These are under the supervision of Mr. J. Plenty,

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening,

SEASONABLE HINTS.

For those who have large tracts of land to cul-
tivate, the plough is of course the turner up of the
soil. Hundreds have but small plots which must
be tilled by hand. It is strange as one travels here
and there to see so general a use of the spade for
this purpose, when for over a quarter of a century
efforts have been made to introduce the digging
fork. It seems as if the mass of mankind can
never learn. Of course where there is a thick sod,
or weeds to dig under in a very light sand, the
spade has yet to be used — but in probably 90 per
cent, of cases where the spade is used, it could be
done with the digging fork. More than double
the work can be done in the same time, and with
half the labor.

In like manner for hoeing and cultivating be-
tween rows, the merits of the wheel-hoe are com-
paratively unknown. Passing a large agricul-
tural warehouse recently, the infinite variety of im-
plements to draw or push, without wheels, offered
was amazing, and more amazing to be told that
the sales were very heavy. These things are
tried for a few times and then thrown away. A
wheel-hoe will enable one to do the work of a
dozen men with an ordinary hand-hoe — and when
once a man thoroughly understands it, he will not
use others. Why then is the substitution so slow.

Another matter has often been surprising, that

easily handled water carts or water engines are not
in more general use both for vegetable gardens and
orchards. There have been also many improve-
ments in these of late years, which make the labor
light in comparison with what it used to be. Some
of the objections were to the amount of room so

many different implements occupied ; but even here
there have been improvements by which the run-
ning gear, which is usually the most cumbersome

I part, can be used for many different purposes.

I In connection with the water barrel idea, Mr. J.

I B. Bare of 831 Greenmount Avenue, Baltimore,

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

173

has brought to our attention what seems to be an
excellent idea in thus saving space for the utensils
and implements, and labor at the same time. He
calls it a "general utility cart." The running

only to give the hint to our readers to go on and
profit by these admirable labor saving machines —
but hints to those who have done so much to serve
us by inventing them, to go on and do more

gear is shown in Fig. i with the manner of j for us.

attaching a barrel to it. Fig. 2 shows the same
when in motion. With a small force pump, hydro-
pult, or common syringe, the emulsions and so-
lutions for the destruction of insects, washing
trees, or even sprinkhng or watering garden veg-
etables, can be readily applied — while if baling or
dipping be desirable, it can also be as easily done.
If it be desirable to use the same running gear
for carrying out plants for bedding purposes, col-
lecting potatoes or other vegetables, taking out
small lots of manure, bringing in soil for potting, it
comes in as just the thing. Fig. 3 shows how it

works in this way. It does not appear by what
Mr. Bates has shown us, that any attempt has
been made to arrange the connection for hoes and
cultivators, as referred to in the fore part of this
article ; but any one can see that it can readily be
done — and indeed one of the chief thoughts we
have had in preparing these " hints " now is. not

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE GENUINE YELLOWS.

BY MAX.

The Yellows referred to in the May num-
ber as attacking peach budded on plum,
was the genuine Yellows — not a starvation
or badly drained soil Yellows, but the simon-
pure article. My observation teaches that
the fungus mycelium is always a concomi-
tant of this. Whether the fungus produces
the disease or vice versa is difficult to say.
To be more exact, whether the disease
may not simply furnish an agreeable stale
of affairs for the development of the fungi
is a question. We never look for the fungus
until the disease has manifested itself and then
it is too late to tell "which causes which." As
to a remedy, I have never seen a tree benefited,
much less cured, by any kind of treatment, after
an attack of what we call Yellows in Virginia.
That is about all I know about it. Do you know
anything more ? If so, tell us.

[The Editor has little doubt in his own mind
that the disease is caused by the mycelium of a
species of Agaricus— one of the mushroom tribe.
This view he has placed on record before. Most
nurserymen of large experience know, that pre-
cisely the appearances— we may say precisely the
same disease — occurs in many trees, of which the
pines and spruces afford notable examples — the
white pine particularly. The growth of this
fungus is first encouraged by half rotten wood,
half rotten roots m the ground — or half rotten
moss used for packing plants from Europe.
Having once got a fair start in this way it spreads
to healthy and sound roots, destroying them also.
The exact species of Agaricus that does this has
been determined, though at the moment of writing
the name of this exact species is not at hand.
No one that we know of, has examined the fungus
which is always at the roots of a peach with the
Yellows in its earlier stages, so far as we know, to
see whether it is the identical Agaric or not— the
mycehum appears to be the same under a strong
pocket lens— but when we see the exact appear-
ances in so many other trees, and know that this

174

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

fungus produces them, we may certainly, to say the
least, grant the extreme probability of the same
fungus producing it. The experiments of Prof.
Penhallow and others showing the deficiency of
potash in the diseased wood, does not in the least
miUtate against this view, as the power to apply
potash may have been affected by the diseased
roots.

Aside from this the Editor has found the Yel-
lows in the peach follow the placing of a spadeful
of fungus-infested soil from around a Norway
spruce, suffering from the disease. Of course he
understands that an objection may be fairly made,
that the peach may have become so diseased,
without this application.

Clearly there is no reason why the mycelium of
this Agaric is not the cause of disease— but many
reasons why it may be. — Ed. G. M.]

THE YELLOWS AND PLUM STOCKS.

BY W. W. STELL.

" In the March issue of the Monthly is a sug-
gestion from Mr. C. Hiller that it might be profit-
able to utilize the non-producing Blackman plum
as a stock upon which to bud peaches. Mr. H.
thinks this would be a protection against the Yel-
lows. And the Editor gives a quasi endorsement."
The above is the language of Mr. " Max " in the
May issue of the Monthly. Mr. " Max " does
not hold to this theory, for he says thirty-five
years ago his father tried the experiment of bud-
ding peaches on plum stocks and found that they
had the Yellows as bad as those that were budded
on peach stocks. I beheve I have been the cause
of this controversy, by asking in the Monthly
several months since if any one had ever fruited
the Blackman plum and if so what of the fruit ?
And I believe also that it is now an acknowledged
fact that the Blackman plum bears no fruit ; con-
sequently I am constrained to ask if Mr. Hiller,
" Max " and the wide-a-wake Editor, have not
been " sleeping on guard ?" Or can they explain
to the thousands of readers of the Monthly how
it is possible to produce stocks from the " non-
producing Blackman plum " to bud peaches upon
at all? If the Blackman plum bears no fruit
(which you acknowledge to be true) it has no
seeds, and no seeds means no seedlings or stocks
to bud on. Surely you will not answer by saying
the Blackman plum may be grown from cuttings
and thereby produce stocks. Would not this be
a very uncertain, slow and expensive process to
obtain stocks to bud peaches upon? Paris ^ Tex.

[All the plum stocks in use in the nurseries of
Europe up to very recent times, were raised by
layers— and some very popular kinds of stocks,
the Muscle for instance, are still so raised. All the
quince stocks in that part of the world and this
are raised from layers and cuttings, and pear trees
on quince stocks are all raised on stocks from these
layers and cuttings.

Our correspondent probably means that it would
not be possible to raise peach trees as cheaply on
such stocks as on stocks raised from seeds ; he is
probably right.

Still if it should be found that peaches raised on
some pecuhar stock, would infaUibly be proof
against Yellows, we imagine there are people who
would be willing to pay a much greater price for
the trees than now prevails. — Ed. G. M.]

TREATMENT OF THE DOWNY MILDEW
AND BLACK-ROT OF THE GRAPE.

BY NORMAN J. COLEMAN.

Last year a circular was sent out by this Depart-
ment recommending for trial certain remedies for
mildew and rot of the grape.

The results of experiments in 1886 have fully
demonstrated the value of sulphate of copper,
" blue stone," over all other remedies in combating
the mildew, and the results of many chemical
analyses of the fruit and parts of vines treated
with the copper compounds have clearly shown
that there is no danger to health attending their
application. The only precaution advised is not
to apply them near (within fifteen days of) the
vintage.

In their employment the fact must be kept in
mind that their action is only preventive ; therefore
their apphcation should be made early in the sea-
son, from the latter part of May to the end of
June. Subsequent applications act only in so far
as they serve to check the spread of the disease.
The amount of the fluid compounds required to
treat an acre of vines will depend largely upon the
kind of pump and spraying nozzle used to apply
them, and upon the extent of growth of the vines
themselves ; the amount may vary from 20 to 35
gallons.

The following are the formulas of the remedies
which so far have given the best results. An
account of the results of trials you may make
with one or more of them is earnestly desired, and
a blank form for making up a report for the
use of the Department in future pubhcations will

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

175

be sent to those interested upon the return of an
addressed postal card inclosed by the Department.

LIQUID REMEDIES.

(1) Simple solution of Sulphate of Copper. —
Dissolve one pound of pure sulphate of copper in
25 gallons of water. Spray the vines with a con-
venient force-pump having a nozzle of fine aper-
ture. Less lasting in its effect than the next, as it
is easily washed off by rains.

(2) Eau Celeste, Blue water (the " Audoynaud
process"). — Dissolve one pound of sulphate of
copper in 3 or 4 gallons of warm water ; when
completely dissolved and the water has cooled^
add one pint of commercial ammonia ; then dilute
to 22 gallons. The concentrated liquid should be
kept in a keg or some wooden vessel and diluted
when required for use. Apply the same as in the
case of simple solutions.

The effects obtained by this preparation have
been equal to those resulting from the use of the
Copper Mixture of Gironde, and are said to be
even more lasting.

(3) Copper Mixture of Gironde, Bordeaux
Mixture. — Dissolve 16 pounds of sulphate of cop-
per in 22 gallons of water ; in another vessel slake
30 pounds of lime in 6 gallons of water. When
the latter mixture has cooled, it is slowly poured
into the copper solution, care being taken to mix
the fluids thoroughly by constant stirring. It is
well to have this compound prepared some days j
before it is required for use. It should be well
stirred before applying. Some have reduced the 1
ingredients to 2 pounds of sulphate of copper and
2 pounds of lime to 22 gallons of water, and have
obtained good results.

Well-made pumps with specially constructed
nozzles are required for the application of this
compound, unless we resort to the tedious and
wasteful method of using brooms or whisps made
of slender twigs, which are dipped into the com-
pound and then switched right and left so as to
spray the foliage, as directed in our circular of last
season. The Vermorel apparatus, including reser-
voir, pump, and spraying nozzle, is well adapted
for vineyard use, and is specially constructed for
applying the various liquid preparations contain-
ing sulphate of copper.

POWDERS.

(4) David's Powder. — Dissolve 4 pounds of sul-
phate of copper in the least possible amount of
hot water, and slake 16 pounds of lime with the
smallest quantity of water required. When the
copper solution and the slaked lime are completely

cooled, mix them together thoroughly, let the com-
pound dry in the sun, crush and sift. Apply with
a sulphuring bellows furnished with an outside
receptacle for the powder. The copper coming
in contact with the leather will soon destroy it.

(5) Sulphatine. — Mix 2^ pounds of anhydrous
sulphate of copper with 15 pounds of triturated
sulphur and 10 pounds of air-slaked lime. Apply
in the same manner as No. 4.

Both these powders (Nos, 4 and 5) ought to be
procured from the manufacturer, prepared ready
for use.

Note. — It is very probable that Nos. 2, 3, 4 and
5, will be found equally serviceable in preventing
potato "blight" and "rot." No. 5 should be em-
ployed when one has to contend with both the
Downy and Powdery mildews. For apple scab
we suggest trials with Nos. 2 and 3.

The degree of success attending the use of these
compounds will depend more or less, (i) upon
their careful preparation, (2) the time of the appli-
cation, (3) the more or less intelligent manner in
which they are applied, (4) the atmospheric con-
ditions existing at the time or which may follow
the applications, (5) the number of treatments
made, and (6) the purity of the copper used.

In all cases where these remedies are tried a
number of plants or vines should be left untreated
to serve as " control experiments," for comparison
with those treated. Prices of materials (subject^
of course, to variations) :

Sulphate of copper, pure, in quantity by

the barrel 5@6 cts. fl pound.

Atretail 10 " "

Anhydrous sulphate of copper 28 " "

Flowers of sulphur, wholesale 2J<" "

RetaU 5@6 "

Ammonia, wholesale 5@6 " "

Retail 10 " "

Lime, per barrel (200 pounds) 51.05 " "

" Sulphatine," in quantity 5@6 " "

ComnCr of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., Apl.'Sy.
[The above has been addressed by the Com-
missioner to the grape growers of our country, and,
in view of the importance of the subject, we give
it a prominent place here.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Degeneration of Fruits. — Mr. O. B. Had-
wen, gave an admirable address on this topic be-
fore a recent meeting of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, which he summarized as follows :

" First— Each fruit-bearing tree and plant seems
endowed with a certain given period of life, influ-
enced by favorable and unfavorable conditions.

176

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June.

" Second — Each species and variety of fruit-
bearing tree and plant seems governed by con-
ditions pertaining exclusively to its growth, ma-
turity and decay.

" Third — Some fruits appear to degenerate,
while others give but little evidence in that direc-
tion, and the same may be said of vegetables dur-
ing this century.

" And while there is undoubtedly a limit to the
life of every plant and fruit, neither science nor
philosophy affords the data by which we can de-
duce with any degree of accuracy the duration of
any of the larger fruits or vegetables.

''Charles M. Hovey was called on by the Chair,
and said that it is well known that fruits degene-
rate, but whether from unfavorable climates or
other causes is not settled. The old varieties of
peaches are still in perfection in England : within
a week the speaker had seen the Grosse Mignonne
and George IV. recommended for cultivation as
among the best varieties there. Of strawberries,
the Keens" Seedling, introduced in 1821, and the
British Queen, originated about forty years ago,
are stillfavorite varieties in England. The Hovey 's
Seedling and the Boston Pine were raised by the
speaker in 1833, and in his ground still give as
good crops of fruit as ever. The Wilson, which
has been more widely cultivated than any other
variety, is still very good. We cannot raise the
Flemish Beauty and Easter Beurre pears ; they
have degenerated here, but in California are as
good as ever. Mr. Knight's opinion, that every
tree propagated from a seedHng was a part of that
tree, and perished when the Mfetime of the original
tree expired, has proved fallacious.

" E. W. Wood said that no one could deny that
fruits degenerate, whether fronx disease or other
causes. He did not agree with Mr. Hovey in re-
gard to the peach, but thought we cannot cultivate
it as formerly.

" The Hovey strawberry was perhaps more gen-
erally grown in New England than any other
variety thirty or forty years ago, and there is no
better variety to-day, if we could grow it, but we
cannot. Mr. Hovey's own specimens are not up
to the standard of twenty-five years ago. In later
years the Wilson has been more generally grown
than any other kind, but it is now being discarded."

A Troublesome Insect Pest to the Pear.
The Enghsh pear-growers report that the mag-
got of a small fly, Cecidomyia nigra, is proving
troublesome. They lurk in the core and throw
out tunnels to the surface.

The Apple Crop in the East. — It is said
that the apple growers in the East have had one
of the best seasons they have had for a long time.
Maine alone has shipped to Europe about 135,000
barrels. Every steamer up to the end of April
took some away. The Russets are the latest
shipments. The growers received from $1.25 in
October, to $2 in January, per barrel. By the first
of May they brought $4 in the Liverpool market.

Alpine Strawberries. — A few years ago the
I "Mexican Everbearing" strawberry, as it was
[ called, had a great run. It did remarkably well
in cool boggy ground near Detroit, but did not do
I so well in the dryer soil of other localities. It
1 was simply a variety of the Fragaria vesca, to
which species all the Alpine varieties belong. It
I is not at all Hkely these will ever be grown to any
; extent for market. There would be no profit in
them. Though more delicious than the ordinary
kinds, the prices would have to be measured by
\ regular strawberry prices, and the higher figures
required for these would be against their success
as a commercial speculation. But we never could
I understand why those who love amateur garden-
ing should not have a good thing because there is
no sale for it in market. Any one who has a piece
\ of rich spongy ground, and in a spot not too hot
during the fruiting season, would enjoy these
; Alpines.

These remarks are suggested by the fact that

the French are very fond of Alpine, and new ones

are continually being offered there. Just now

i they are a little wild over a novelty they call "The

i Generous," which, as with our new strawberries, is

j "to beat all its predecessors." The fruit is about

i}{ inches long, by }4 inch wide — about like the

I aforesaid " Mexican " has, and is to bear with

I equal abundance through the whole summer. As

these come tolerably true from seed, they are

! offered of this variety, as well as plants, by the

French growers.

The Lincoln Blackberry. — It is claimed for
this that it is a very early variety, and " of the
finest quahty of fruit ever obtained in a black-
berry," It is a wild plant, found about two miles
from President Lincoln's monument near Spring-
field, Illinois.

A Large European Grape-vine. — The So-
ciety of Arts Journal claims that the largest vine
I in the world is one growing at Oys (Portugal),
which has been in bearing since 1802. Its maxi-
mum yield was in 1864, in which year it produced
a sufficient quantity of grapes to make 750 htres
(165 gals.) of wine; in 1874, 665 htres (146K
gals.); and in 1884, only 360 litres (7914: gals.).
It covers an area of 494 square metres (5315
square feet), and the stem at the base measures 2
metres in circumference.

Sea Kale. — This vegetable is rarely grown,
chiefly, as we believe, because few people know
how to cook it properly. It is one of the meanest
of dishes when meanly cooked — while one of the

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

177

most enjoyable when it comes from the hands of a
master in the culinary art. The Philadelphia
Public Ledger gives the following advice in regard
to it :

" Sea kale is a most delicate green vegetable.
Pick it out sprig bv sprig, wash it well and tie it
up in bunches. Place these in a large stewpan
full of fast-boiling salted water. As soon as the
stalks are soft, lift each bunch carefully out of the
water and lay them all on a sieve, cover them
with a cloth and place the sieve in a hot place.
In ten or fifteen minutes all the water will have
drained off, when the bunches should be untied,
the sprigs delicately disposed on a napkin in a
dish and served with plain drawn butter or salad
dressing in a sauce boat."

A New Vegetable — "Chorogi." — We are
indebted to the courtesy of Messrs. Vilmorin-
Andrieux & Co., of Paris, for the following par-
ticulars respecting the new vegetable, "Choro-Gi,"
extracted from M. Paillieux's work, " Le Potager
d"un Curieux :"

"Stachys affinis is a native of Northern China
and Japan, and is a perennial plant, forming
numerous underground tubers ; formed by a I
succession of nodosities, somewhat resembling
the tops of the swollen roots of /Errhenatherum
elatius var. bulbosum. Stem single or branch- [
ing, erect or in a prostrate position at the base, 1
quadrangular, with hispid hairs on the angles, \
and from 10 inches to 16 inches high. Leaves
opposite, long-stalked, rugose hispid, with a heart- j
shaped base, toothed, and crenate ; the lower ]
ones oval, the upper ones oval-oblong, and grad-
ually becoming smaller as they approach the top ; 1
flowers sessile, borne 4-6 in distinct pseudo-whorls.
In our ground, the plant has proved extraordi-
narily vigorous, and has yielded an abundance of I
tubers, but we have only observed a few flowers
on more than fifty fully-developed plants.

"In the spring of 1882 we received from the I
Acclimatization Society a box containing tubers of 1
Stachys affinis, which had been sent to the society '
by Dr. E. Bretschneider, Physician of the Russian
Legation at Pekin, but all but five or six tubers
perished during the voyage. Such, however, is
the ease with which it is propagated, that the loss
of the greater part did not grieve us. From the
first year each tuber planted on an old hot-bed
gave us a satisfactory increase, and from the
second year the plants left on the bed yielded from
200 to 300 per cent. By this means we were
enabled to send plants to the vegetable section of
the Acclimatization Society, and, following the ex-
ample of the Japanese, to introduce into our
pickles a pretty large proportion of tubers. The
result has been very satisfactory.

" For five or six years we had in vain asked for
' Choro-Gi ' in Japan. The plant is hardy, having
stood without protection through the winter of
1882-83, though it is true that winter was not a
very rigorous one. Belonging to Northern China,
it will, however, probably stand the hardest
winters. The tubers of 'ChoroGi' are used in

Japan for pickling in plum vinegar, but are not
used in the same way in China ; Dr. Bretschneider,
on being questioned by us on the subject, however,
could not say how they are prepared for the table.
The tubers, which are small, French-white, and
of fine shape, have no flavor of their own, but
readily absorb the aromatic vinegar in which they
are immersed. We recommend that they be
mixed with Angouina (Trichosanthes anguina),
Tropseolum tuberosum, and Mioga (Zingiber
Mioga, or Amomum Mioga of Kaempfer). The
sight of the nice small tubers of ' Choro-Gi ' is
sufficient to induce us to consign them at once to
the frying-pan, either in their natural state or
plunged into paste and seasoned with lemon-juice.
Cooked in the latter way particularly, they make
an agreeable dish, which can be made use of the
whole winter. We must observe, however, that
the tubers cannot be kept out of the ground, or
out of a sand-heap under cover, as, if exposed to
the air they soon blacken and wither, and in a few
days are lost."

Potato Soup — is an excellent thing when nicely
made. It requires some practice to turn out
potato soup nicely, but the general plan is simple
enough ; the cooked potatoes are broken up and
boiled in a smallish quantity of water, with a
small proportion of onions and turnips, the flavor
of which should be slight. Generally speaking,
one small onion and one small turnip will suffice
if cut up small ; but, of course, the quantity must
be proportioned to that of the soup. Let them all
be boiled a reasonable time, and then beat the
pulp through a colander ; or, if time presses, beat
it in the pot with a large spoon. Now add as
much new milk as the quantity of water added
originally, and a little flour first beaten up with
cold milk to give smoothness and whiteness. Add
loaf-sugar, salt, and nutmeg. To determine the
right proportions of these is a matter of taste and
judgment. — Gardeners' Magazine.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Fruit or Vegetable. — A New York corres-
pondent says: "Will you kindly inform me
whether a tomato is classed as a fruit or a veget-
able ?" The horticultural answer is, that it is a
vegetable. If the question were put to a botanist
he would answer that it was a fruit. He would
say the same of a pine cone with its seeds, or of a
spike with its hay seed. On the other hand he
would say that a pear was a vegetable, if the
question were one that bore on the distinction be-
tween plants and animals. We see that the answer
depends on the view of the questioner. In the
household a fruit which is generally eaten cooked

178

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

would be a vegetable ; that which is generally
eaten uncooked would be fruit. We use the word
"generally," because the lines sometimes overlap.

A squash and a water-melon are both fruits
botanically, but the squash is classed convention-
ally as a vegetable, and the water-melon as a fruit ;
the cooking idea, evidently deciding the case.
Much depends on the class in which the subject
under discussion was originally introduced under.
The tomato was first introduced to gastronomy by
the cook ; in subsequent years it has been found
good to eat raw. But the law of priority gives the
class to the cook ; it is a vegetable.

It is the general or original uses of the article
that decide its class when we come to arbitrary
classification, outside of science.

Mice Eating Osage Orange Hedge Plants.
— A correspondent who suffered much last winter,
writes to know what will destroy ground mice or
moles that ate off his Osage orange plants.

It is beheved that where there is no grass or
weeds for the mice to harbor in, and the plants
kept wholly clear of weeds and trash, the rodents
are not troublesome. To kill them, peas soaked

in arsenic water are effective. To drive them
away, tow or cotton dipped in gas tar, and put in
plentifully along the line is useful, as most bur-
rowing vermin dislike the smell and keep away.
But starving creatures will risk a good deal, and
we doubt whether this would be a complete
security.

Heating a Pit.—" E. D. W.," Independence,
Iowa, asks : " Can you give me any information
in regard to the most economical plan of heating
and watering a forcing-house, 12x24, built mostly
under ground ? "

[For so small a house, a brick flue would be the
most economical ; the furnace at one end and the
chimney at the other. Watering will depend on
many circumstances. If there is a chance to let
a flow of water through a pipe, watering may be
done with a hose, and especially if the plants are
vegetables or flowers like carnations or roses
planted in benches. But if the plants are in pots,
the ordinary watering pot had better be employed,
because so many plants will need watering when
others do not, and it is an injury to plants to give
them water when they do not need it. — Ed. G. M.]

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THOUGHTS ON PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY THOMAS MEEHAN.

Personal interest will ever be the leading factor
in progress. Public spirit induces the general move-
ment— but what good is public spirit to me ? is the
prevailing thought with the masses. The Forestry
Association will do well to appeal to patriotism, —
it will do still better to show that direct individual
interest is closely allied to the general good. In
the first branch of the subject literature abounds,
and efforts have been fruitful — in the last one
much has yet to be done. Few farmers, or landed
proprietors, have been brought to recognize a
direct personal interest in setting out trees. We
offer to reduce their road-tax if they will set trees
along the roadside, but the practical answer is
that, even with that inducement, " It will not
pay." We offer trees for nothing if farmers will
set them out, but the answer is still, " It will not

pay." We say we will endeavor to reduce the
taxes on your forest-land, but there is the same
answer, " Not even that will make it pay." It is
here that the Forestry Association has to select
the ground for the battle. In my opinion, the
fight can be safely made, and the victory won.

Long ago, in the Penn Monthly, I showed that
we could expect little from individual effort. We
may show a young man of thirty that a plantation
of twenty-five or thirty acres would be immensely
profitable when he reached sixty. It would be a
nice laying up of money for old age ; or a capital
life-insurance for his family, in case of an earlier
death. But, few men care to deliberately lock up
ground for a century or half a century. In a new
country like ours, changing conditions make it
probable that, before that time, land may be worth
much more than the forest, long before the forest
has reached market-value. The minds of few
men are proof against these considerations.

The remedy is in cooperative associations. A
stock company should be formed, large enough to

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

19

secure tracts of sufficient size to employ a force to
look after the trees properly. The stock would
always be worth more than its added interest, be-
cause the trees are nearing their market-value.
If one wanted money before the trees were ma-
ture, the stock would find a ready market. Of
course there would be details in the carrying out
of such a project that would require good judg-
ment. The land to be secured might be in loca-
tions that would be improving, so that after the
century of timber, there would be money in the
ground also. This would give value to the stock
as time rolled along. The trees best adapted to
the location would also require good judgment,
and there are many other similar matters of detail,
but which an expert in forestry-management could
work out for such a company.

The only objection I ever heard to such a
measure is the danger of loss through forest- fires.
But there are no forest- fires in new forests. Fires
only become serious in old forests, where, from
the mass of old and dead wood everywhere, the
flames are cordially invited.

The best of lessons are given by example. No
teaching has the force that comes from that which
has been done. It can be easily shown that
forest planting is very profitable on a fifty-year
scheme. Individuals cannot work thus far aheid,
but corporations may. Why cannot Forest Leaves
advocate my plan ? Germantown, Philadelphia.

[The above was written at the suggestion of
one of the editors of an excellent little magazine
in the interest of forestry, published in Philadel-
phia under the style of Forest Leaves. The
question was, How could forestry best be ad-
vanced ?— Ed. G. M.]

" WOODMAN, SPARE THAT TREE."
BY CYGNUS.

After an absence of twenty years from my
native State and county, nothing on my return
strikes me so painfully, as the rapid and wholesale
destruction of the native forests, once the pride
and glory of old Tioga. I have seen nothing
like it, in other States, where large tracts of wood-
land, now of almost priceless value, are carefully
preserved ; tree cutting being done with great
care, and due selection.

The second-growth timber is carefully fostered,
and generally free from underbrush, and the pros-
pect is, in the State of Illinois at least, where the
writer spent several years, that the next generation
will have something wherewithal to fashion the

innumerable articles which minister to man's
luxuries and to his necessities. If that ruthless
wood cutter would stop for one moment and con-
sider the ten thousand uses to which wood is
! applied, from the cradle which receives his infant
] form, to the coffin in which his mortal remains
j are carried to their last resting place, he might
perhaps look upon a tree as something other than
I his natural enemy, which it seemed to our fore-
fathers, who must have bequeathed to their chil-
dren's children what seems to have become a
disease ; to such an extreme is the wasteful de-
struction of our forests carried on. Steep sterile
^ hillsides, which wo'uld scarcely make a sheep-
I walk, are stripped of every vestige of verdure,
i burned over, and left blistering in the sun, to be
I washed by the rains of heaven, until there is noth-
I ing left but the frame-work of the rocks ; and still
the work goes on. Wagon loads on wagon loads,
convey away to the nearest railroad choice hard
wood, of large size and beautiful grain, to be con-
verted into fire-wood. Every spring sees innu-
merable logs, rolled into huge piles, at the nearest
I saw-mill or water-course. They float away on the
[streams! Their ashes bleach on the hill tops!
Their blackened stumps bear mute testimony
against the cruelty of the destroyer of these
monarchs of the forests, who from their lofty
heights have looked down upon generations of
man, and all his works, his conquests and his
defeats.

Veritable Rachels are they " mourning for their
children, and will not be comforted, because they
are not ! "

Who that looks thoughtfully on, but must ques-
tion to himself, what is to take the place of wood,
I when the tireless energy of the Yankee nation
{ has used it all up ? It takes from forty to fifty
' years for a tree of even ordinary size to grow,
I but, at the present rate of destruction, ten years
I more will see our land as treeless as modern
Spain. The small water courses and springs are
j rapidly drying up, and the volume of our river
reduced one half, so old people assert. The de-
vastating flood will wash away the unprotected
land from the hillsides, and barrenness and bleak-
ness will be the result. So accustomed are we to
the use of wood, that we have come to look upon
' it as we do upon the sunlight.
! We will never realize its full value until we
I begin to suffer for the lack of it. Where, after a
I few years, shall we find timber for railroad ties,
! which cover the land like a net work ; for telegraph
I poles, which already encircle the globe ; for the

[8o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJune.

ships which' ride on many waters ; for houses |
and furniture, and agricultural implements ? For
the ten'thousand uses to which wood is applied ?
And echo, answers, where ? Verily Ichabod ! is
written all over our hills and valleys. Their glory
has departed. "But, oh ! the pity of it, lago, the
pity of it ! " Mansfield, Pa.

[No one will read this feeling plea for trees and
tree culture, without sympathizing with the lady ;
who makes it, and will, we are sure, be pleased [
that we have given it a place in our columns. I

When we come down however to the practical
work of preserving old forests and planting new
ones, the matter takes on an entirely new aspect.
Our views on this side are so well known that we
need not repeat them here. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Unscientific Forestry. — Scribners Maga-
zine is giving a series of extremely interesting
papers on forestry from the pen of Prof. Shaler.
It is to be regretted that so eminent a teacher, and
original observer as Prof. S. should have
marred the force by a repetition of the sorry
stuff common to the penny-a-liner, which
passes current as " science " in the secular
press, in connection with " rainfall and cli-
mate," and which we are sure he would not
adopt, if he had applied his own vigorous
intellect to an examination of the facts.

One has only to cast his eye over a map
of the globe on which we live, and note the
immense area of water as compared with
land, from which an enormous evaporation
is continuous, to understand that this mois-
ture must come down again in the form of
rain, though there was never a tree on the
face of the earth ; and when he reflects on
the many hundreds of square miles of grassy y

prairies on which rain fell continuously for j^<^'_
probably many hundreds of years, without
a. tree to "attract the moisture," and "induce the
rainfall," he must understand what supreme non-
sense it is to teach that trees are the cause and
not the consequence of climate, and that the
•"reckless destruction of our forests must result in
utter sterility."

We all want to see forests planted, but those of
tis who are laboring in this direction, feel our
•efforts continually thwarted by this silly stuff
which the practical man never believes, and hence
laughs at the whole scheme.

Outside of this misfortune, the papers are ad-
mirably written, and full of useful information. It
was a happy thought in Scribner to engage Prof.
Shaler in a task like this for their very popular
magazine.

Measuring Trees. — There is a great amount
ingenuity exercised to invent instruments that will
readily measure the heights of trees or other ob-
jects of similar character. But the traveler need
take nothing along with him but a tape line and
a jack-knife. First cut a stick thick enough to
drive in the earth. Let it be four or five feet long,
and drive it into the earth at any spot convenient,
only being careful to have it on a part of the
ground evidently level to the base of the tree.
This will be the stick at 2. Drive another of about
the same or any length at any indefinite distance
from 2. This will be i. Then with the eye and a
temporary guide find on i the exact spot on its
surface that will be in exact line with 2, and the
top of the tree at 3. We have then a straight line
from 3 to 2 and i. Then, by the eye at 2. striking
the spot at i, we find where the line will strike
the earth at 4. We have then a right angle triangle

2, 4, 5. Now we call into our aid the well known
geometrical theorem that the proportions of right
angle triangles are always the same. With our
tape line we find the base line 4 to 5, say 10 feet,
and the perpendicular 5 feet. Then we measure
on the ground from 4 to 6 and find it, say 100 feet.
The whole question then resolves itself into one
which the well known arithmetical rule of propor-
tion readily solves :

If a base line of 10 feet gives a perpendicular
I of 5 feet, a base line of 100 gives a perpendicular of

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

181

50 feet, which is the height of the tree. This may
not come within an inch or two of absolute accur-
acy as a regular instrument would, but it serves
all practical purposes.

Reforestation of the French Mount-
ains.— The French Government, on the recom-
mendation of the Minister of Agriculture, has
been recently inquiring into the feasibility of re-
foresting the denuded French mountains, but it is
said they could reach no more practical solution
of the question than we can in our country.

The Great Enemy to American Forestry. —
One of the most common-sense papers on forestry
that we have read for some time is in the tiny
little Forest Leaves, from an anonymous author,
" J. H.," from which we take the following :

"The loss in timber from forest fires in New Jer-
sey, on a low estimate, has averaged f 1,000,000
per year for the last fifteen or twenty years. The
loss, however, is much more than the mere value
of the wood. The soil is so impoverished by
these periodical burnings, which deprive it of all
vegetable matter, that its incapacity for producing
timber is much diminished. There is also a great
depreciation in the value of land, because of the
danger of fires, whether it be as timber-land, or
for occupation or improvement, and considerable
damage is done to the many valuable cranberry-
bogs which are scattered throughout the forest,
not to speak of the danger to buildings, habita-
tions, and even human life.

"The causes of these fires are various — those
given for the 54 fires of the census year are as
follows : Clearing land, 7 ; locomotives, 28 ;
hunters, 6 ; malice, 7 ; coal-pits, 6. It will be
noticed that more than half were caused by rail-
roads. Neither of the two great fires of this year
(1885) were caused by locomotives — that at Bar-
negat starting six or seven miles from any rail-
road, and that at Atsion, in a meadow, also far
from a railroad, either from the carelessness of
hunters or berry-pickers, or through malice. Mr.

Elmer attributes many of the fires to carelessness
in clearing up land. Many fires no doubt, start
from coalings, and it is common to hear it stated
that some of these are started intentionally, in
order to keep the coalers and wood choppers at
work, since timber burned over must be cut at
once, whereas otherwise it would be left to grow
and increase in value. Those caused through
malice are often the result of chastising, or hold-
ing under surveillance timber thieves, by no
means uncommon in the pine forests.

" Of the various causes, the most frequent one
is the one which is, apparently, most easily pre-
vented, although it is not unlikely that the damage
from this source is somewhat overrated, for these
fires are soonest detected and checked. Some
railroads, notably th&. West Jersey and the Del-
aware, Lackawanna & Western, have already
taken the matter in hand. The plan followed,
and apparently with success, is, to clear away all
timber for a width of 100 feet on each side of the
track; to plow a furrow or two close 10 the outer
. edge of this space and then fire the space in the
fall, and keep it mowed and cleared, if necessary,
through the summer. Were this plan adopted by
all railroads, and the engines furnished with suit-
able spark-arresters, danger from this source
would disappear, as would the constant suits for
damages which are probably much more expen-
sive than the remedy."

I How Forests Follow Rainfall. — A con-
temporary says : " It is significantly said of the
great Texas drought, which extends across that
State for several hundred miles, that it decreases
in severity as it approaches the pineries. That is
a point for 'Arbor Day.' " Which is, that people
should not plant trees for profit where dry climates
exist. The pineries only establish themselves
where there is a fair annual rainfall with some
certainty.

PiNUS ponderosa. — A correspondent reports
that there are very large forests of this pine near
Flagstaff, Arizona.

Natural Eistoey and Science,

COMMUNICATIONS.

A USE FOR THE WILD ORANGES OF
FLORIDA.

BY J. J. H. G.

A friend sent me two months ago several spec

County, Central Florida. They were of medium
size and of the rich color of the Mandarin. Some
used instead of lemons in "lemonade" gave a
splendid acid with a slight bitter taste. If this
taste could be removed by some simple process I
should decidedly prefer their acid to that of
lemons. But the special forte of these wild

.iiu a>.iji 111c iwu iiiuiiius ctgu scvciai spci,- iciiiuub. iDui iiie special lurie 01 [iicbe wuu
of native wild oranges, from Orange oranges to me is the remarkable richness and

l82

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June.

volume of the perfume. A single specimen has
proved sufficient to so pervade a room 14 by 16 with
its rich odor that any day during two months I
have had it a stranger would detect it on entering.
If they average as good keepers as those of mine,
why should there not be a market for them be-
cause of their fragrance ? The fruits of the earth
address the nose and eye as well as the mouth,
and I know not why a single sense should monop-
olize them. Marblehead, Mass.

THE HYBRID PLUMS.

BY H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Your card of the 5th was received, and the article
of Prof. Munson on plums and peach hybrids and
your comments on same in Gardeners' Monthly
read. No one denies that there are sports and
monstrosities, and it is very certain that there are
hybrids. If fertility in hybrids is the rule, I
should be glad to be set right in my ideas by a
statement of facts and cases. The H. P. roses are
usually sterile. I knew from observation in Kansas,
of a guinea hen laying eggs that were fertilized by
a black Spanish cock, (chicken) several of which
hatched and three of them lived. One that I
knew was a female and laid eggs but none of
them ever hatched, although often tried.

All the mules between Muscovy and other ducks
that I have ever known were sterile. Because
your case of Halesia and others which you and
all of us know to be monstrosities in both the veg-
etable and animal kingdom exist as facts, it is no
reason that the cases Mr. Munson gives are not
mules.

I think it is advisable to be very cautious re-
garding all these matters and I know you are
working on that plan. Perhaps we will arrive at
definite conclusions in due time.

U. S. Pomologist. Washington, D. C.

[Mr. Van Deman must have overlooked the fact
stated in the Editor's remarks, that the structure of
the flowers that he examined— the structure of the
flowers— proved it to be a monstrosity and not a
hybrid.

As to the fertility of hybrids in the vegetable
kingdom, it seems strange that a Department like
that of Agriculture at Washington does not keep
on record the progressive literature of a subject
like this. Mr. Van Deman could then be easily
set right in his ideas by statements of facts and
cases, already abundantly exemplified. We would
suggest that among other documents the Depart-
ment purchase a copy of the New York Indepen-

dent of August 2 1 St, 1884, if it does not already
have access to the original papers on which that ex-
haustive essay is founded. We think no one can
read that paper without being convinced that
there is no foundation whatever for the sweeping
generalization that hybrids are usually sterile.
Certainly no one has ventured to show that the con-
clusions reached in the essay referred to are not
sound. Certainly there are sterile hybrids, as there
are sterile pairs, and even sterile families in the
same species, but it would be just as fair in the face
of the numerous facts to the contrary, to say in the
latter case that mankind is generally sterile, as to
assert the general sterility of hybrids. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Spring of 1887.— The Spring in Philadel-
phia, is probably one of the latest on record, and
is phenomenal. The first Dandelion blossoms
did not open till the 28th of April. The first of
May we usually have an abundance of lilacs in
bloom, though some years they miss. This spring
the leaves were not fully developed before May
1 2th. It is fully two weeks behind an average
season, and a month later than it is sometimes.

Hybrids and Cross-breds. — The term "hy-
brid " has been carefully reserved for mixtures be-
tween what botanists would regard as species — and
the mixtures between garden varieties are regarded
as "crosses." Though botanists have themselves
come to look on species as not different from vari-
eties except in degree— a species being but a vari-
tion more widely separated from an original parent
form — the difference is worth retaining as of much
value in practical discussions. We note however
that the Gardeners" Chronicle is beginning to
abandon this distinction. It calls a cross between
the ash-leaf and the white elephant, as a case of a
" Hybrid Potato." It may possibly be an inad-
vertence.

Roots of the Shepherdia : A Scientific
Puzzle. — Recently we received for examination a
mass of roots of Shepherdia argentea, in which
the smaller roots were completely necklaced with
the numerous " beads " about the size and appear-
ance of grains of wheat. Cutting them across, and
examining with a lens, expecting to find a minute
egg or "worm" in the centre, no trace of insect
work could be discovered. Supposing that what
is not animal must be vegetable, they were turned
over to the eminent specialist in minute fungi.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

183

Mr. J. B. Ellis, of Newfield, New Jersey, who
reports that there was no trace whatever of fungi,
and no doubt eggs of some insect would be found,
though he failed to detect any. They were then
sent to Prof. Riley, with the following reply :

5 "U.S. D'P'T OF AGRICnLTHRE. DIVISION OF EnTO-

( BIOLOGY, Washington, D. C, May 9th, 18S7.

"Thos. Meehan, Esq., Germantown, Phila., Pa.

" Dear Sir — In the absence of Prof. Riley I beg
to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 5th
inst. The roots of Shepherdia which you sent
show no trace of insect injury ; neither are they
infested by any fungus. The swellings have all
precisely the same appearance as those made by
nematode worms of the genus Anguillula but no
trace of the worms can be found. I doubt if any
damage can result from the introduction of these
plants. Yours truly,

L. O. Howard, Assistant in charge."

It would seem from this that we are possibly to
look to some vito-chemical cause, such as pro-
duces the potato tuber with its starch, for the cause
of the singular appearances.

There is evidently plenty yet to do for those
naturahsts in looking after new facts in science.

History of Palafoxia. — Among the pleasant
readings in the American Agriculturist are always
the notes of Prof. Thurber who when a younger
man was one of the explorers of the unknown
portions of our Continent. Every now and then
he brings in some reminiscence of those earlier
days, which make us wish he would give more of
them. We extract the following in reference to a
well known hardy annual as illustrative of what
we mean :

" In the writer's horticultural experience it has
happened that he has made the acquaintance of a
number of plants in the cultivated state, and
afterwards has met with them in their native
iocahties, and, of course, growing wild. In the
majority of cases the plants in cultivation were
larger and more brilliant in their flowers than the
same when growing wild. When we came to a
water-hole on the road between El Paso del Norte
and the City of Chihuahua, in Northern Mexico,
surrounded by a thick growth of plants having
bright, rose-pink flowers, we were glad to find it
to be the same that we had known in cultivation
as Hooker's Palafoxia, P. Hookeriana, and quite
as large and as showy as we had seen it in gar-
dens. The plant belongs to the Aster Family
(Compositae), and bears numerous aster-like heads
of flowers upon branching stems of i to 4 feet
high. The flower-heads have pinkish, or rose-
purple rays, making it a showy and pleasing
hardy plant for the garden. The engraving of
the upper part of a plant gives its general appear-
ance. Upon looking up what later botanists have
had to say about this Palafoxia, a genus named in
honor of a Spanish General, Jose Palafox, we find

that the plant in question is not a Palafoxia, but
has been placed in an allied genus, Polypteris, a
name from the Greek words for many and wings,
in reference to the structure of the pappus upon
the fruit. The proper botanical name is Polypteris
Hookeriana, but this will not prevent the use of
Hooker's Palafoxia as its garden name. Accord-
ing to generally accepted rules, it sometimes be-
comes necessary to refer a species to a genus
different from that in which it was originally
placed. It is always to be regretted, as many find
it more difficult to unlearn a name than to learn
a new one."

Peach Yellows. — Discussions continue on this
subject, and even in well informed channels the
arguments go on as if'nothing had been learned.
Surely it is a gain to know as we do from the
work of Prof. Penhallow, that in all cases of peach
yellows there is a deficiency of potash in the wood.
It is also a gain to know, for certainty, that the
disease is confined to a certain latitude — that it
does not exist in the Southern States. This last
statement is open to an argument on strict con-
struction. The Editor believes he has seen it in
a lew cases South— but be this so or not, it is
incontestible that at least it is extremely rare
there. These being certainly facts, we have surely
learned something. The disease cannot be simply
starvation, because there is as poor peach land,
and as much neglect of trees South as anywhere.
And as we find a want of potash in trees, where the
soil abounds in potash, the inference must be un-
deniable, that it is the vital power of the tree that
is affected. We have certainly learned — thanks
to the labors of scientific observers— that, to dis-
cover the cause, we must search for those in-
fluences that afifect the life of a tree. It is cer-
tainly a great gain, to be brought within so small a
circle.

Vitality of Seeds. — Every once in a while a

discussion arises on some popular opinion, and it

is shown to be either wholly baseless, or else sup-

j ported on evidence of no value. But again and

1 again it comes up, as if it were utterly impossible

i to finally check an error after it has once been

1 started. The vitality of seeds is one of these. It

has been shown over and over again that there is

I no evidence, not impeachable, that seeds will live

for centuries in the earth, till brought to the sur-

I face to grow.

Evidence which might be readily obtained at

j hand by the disputants is neglected, while state-

1 ments made by people nobody knows, who live a

thousand miles away, are paraded as all that one

needs to know.

t84

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[June,

In a recent paper, very well written by a Detroit
correspondent of the Country Gentleman, the
following appears :

" In the northwestern portion of Michigan where
the extensive forests of pine have been cleared,
there is observed to start into growth from the
seed, dense groves of scrub oak which attain the
height of three to twelve feet. During the lifetime
of the pine no oak was known to grow there, but
as soon as the pine disappeared the seeds of the
oak, which must have laid dormant, no one knows
how long, sprung into life in localities where no
oaks had previously been found within a radius of
a hundred miles."

Now whatever seeds might live long, the acorns
of the scrub oak, Quercus Banisteri, would be the
least likely. The most expert treatment by the
seedsman will not keep them a year in growing
condition. Still, if the fact could be proved, that
they had kept "nobody knows how long " — at
least fifty or a hundred years — it would have to be
believed, no matter how impossible beforehand
it might seem to be. Now, if these acorns, as large
as boys' marbles, were everywhere in the ground
but a few inches from the surface, so thick that
plants appear in dense groves everywhere when a
pine forest would be cut down, it would be the easi-
est thing in the world to dig up a barrowful of the
earth, put it in a wash-tub with water, stir it about
briskly, and have all these acorns left on the sur-
face of the mud as it settled.

There are plenty of these pine forests left ; why
does not some one instead of wasting people's time
by the hour reading and their own by writing,
spend an hour in testing the seemingly impossible?

The Editor has often tried to get seeds in this
way out of clay from wells dug near those said
to have produced plants when brought to the sur-
face, but could never find the trace of any, and
he ventures to express his belief that nobody ever
will.

Seedless Oranges. — The Gardeners' Chronicle
says, that the usual forms of orange planted for
fruit, are not adapted for growing for cut flowers.
The plants suffering from the constant cutting.
The Saville or Bitter orange is grown for cut flow-
ers. These are called Bigaradier by the French,
and a seedless variety is by far the most floriferous.

Rapid Changes in Climate, — Travelers in
Alaska find local changes of climate evidently
very rapid in comparison with such changes in
more temperate regions. Parts of the country
that a hundred years ago were covered by ice
sheets now have young forests growing thriftily
over them ; while tracts of country now ice covered,

or covered by glacial drift, were certainly covered
by luxuriant vegetation within the century. The
changing character of the ice sheets bring corre-
sponding changes in atmospheric currents, and
thus parts of the country not so cold but that
forest trees could grow well, find themselves un-
der temperatures fatal to arboreal life. Hence
dead forests are common, and living forests spring
up in other places where only dead forests existed
for years before. The heavy air — made heavy by
cooling when coming in contact with the ice sheets
— rolls down toward the equator, from whence the
warmer and lighter air from the higher currents
flows in to fill the vacuum caused by southern
flow of the heavy column. Hence trees and vege-
tation skirt the edges of the ice sheets, except in
the deeper channels and gulches through which
the heavy cold air flows. Thus it is that as a glacier
flows or recedes, a ravine which in one age is the
, channel for a continuous Arctic current, may be
I the channel for a warm current in another. Alaska
furnishes an admirable field for the study of these
rapid changes in local climate, and enables us
to understand much of Arctic phenomena that
j seems mysterious in the Old World. It is reported
j that not many centuries ago, the northern part of
Iceland and Greenland was cultivable, but that
I a change of climate occurred that rendered such
I culture impracticable. Scientific men usually use
the word " reported " when referring to this fact,
and facts are continually being placed on record
I as they may seem to bear for or against this state-
\ ment. Recently it has been recorded that in Ice-
land, at the station known as Akureyi, there are a
few trees existing of the mountain ash, Sorbus
aucuparia, that are very old and about 25 feet
high, while smaller trees, with birches and other
things, cannot now get beyond the stature of
dwarf bushes; and it is assumed, and with good
reason as Alaskan experiejice affords, that these
survived the cold currents that destroyed all other
of their friends and neighbors. The coal, too, is
simply lignite of comparatively modern origin,
and formed of species of Populus now existing on
the American continent, but which seems to have
been wholly swept away by the deluge of cold air
which overspread these regions. The facts are
particularly interesting to science as showing that
geological periods, as they may be termed, are
likely to be much stiorter in the Arctic than in the
temperate regions— that data collected in one part
of the world may not have the same interpreta-
tion in the other — and that the roUing away of
cold, heavy air toward the equator, may, by the

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

185

lighter warm air that must fill the vacuum, neces-
sitate a higher temperature and possibly an open
sea at the poles. — Independent.

Double Spathed Calla. — Mr. A. C. Oelschig,
Savannah, Georgia, sends a specimen of the
double spathed Calla, the first we have seen this
year, though sometimes they are more frequently
met with. The white spathe of the Calla is but a
leaf, blanched, the true flowers being at the base
of the yellow spadix. In these cases the plant has
simply produced two instead of one blanched
leaf.

The Lattice-leaf Plant of Madagascar. —
This curious water plant which had the name of
Ouviranda fenestralis, is found to belong to the
older genus of Aponogeton of which another
water plant, A. distachyon, is a well known rep-
resentative.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Hybrid Plums. — Mr. Hillenmeyer kindly sends
us specimens of his hybrid Plums. The flowers
are exactly like those sent to us by Mr. Munson,
from Denison, as the Blackman, and are simply
monstrous flowers, and not the result of hybridiza-
tion, so far as we can understand. It is simply a
case of abnormal carpellary development.

Propagating Male Plants. — " Dr. K.," Alle-
gheny, Pa., inquires whether the male or female
form of a dioecious plant can be continued in-
definitely by cuttings, grafts, or buds ? It can.
The Chinese JunipeV in nurseries is simply the
male form of the Chinese species, and has been
continued under cultivation for a number of years.
Of the millions of plants, all, so far as we know,
have continued male.

LiTMATUM, Travels and Fersonal Notes.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Origin of Flowers. —

" I sometimes think that never Mows so red
The rose, as where some buried Csesar bled ;

That every Hyacinth the a;arden wears
Dropt in her lap from some once lovely head.

And this reviving herb, whose tender green
Fledges the river lip on which we lean,

Ah, lean upon it lightly ! for who knows
From what once lovely lip it springs unseen ! "

— Omar Khayyam.

United States Department of Agricul-
ture.— The question. What good can result from
this Department ? is often asked by those who re-
gard it as in some measure in competition with
State or National Agricultural Societies. But it
is only when it places itself in competition with
them that it is seen at a disadvantage. There is
an immense amount of useful work to be done
which only the power of government can do, and
when thus limiting itself it is eminently useful.
But this original work requires original minds in
those who have charge of the work. With such
men as Vasey, Scribner, Riley, Saunders, and
some others who might be named, there is no
question about the eminent usefulness of the de-
partment, and Commissioner Colman is to be con-
gratulated on the success of its administration
under these lieutenants. Much has recently been

said in regard to the new departments of Forestry
and Pomology in contrast with the State societies,
but there is no more reason why these should be
doing over again work done by them. It was the
want of perception of this fact in former years,
which produced such indifferent results, and not
because there is no need of such divisions. If
the incumbents recently appointed discover their
true mission, there is no reason why they may not
share the praise accorded to their older co-laborers.
Objection is also sometimes made that the depart-
ment spends money on matters that can have
little influence on the progress of agriculture, — no
result but to make Congressmen popular with
their constituents.

Unfortunately the great mass of the people do
not feel interested in these scientific developments
that are surely for their ultimate good. These
people have a right to some present amusement
while the world is going on — will insist on a coat-
ing of sugar while swallowing the untasted pill.
Numerous grand enterprises are languishing be-
cause the popular element is overlooked. The
grand success of the Royal Gardens at Kew is
due to the genius of a Hooker, who, while aiming
to develop the highest type of botanical science,
never forgot to cater to the wants of the mass of
the people. Kew is popular with peer and peas-

i86

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

ant. It would soon lose the support of the Eng-
lish Parliament were it not so. Progressive
agriculture in America, no more than advanced
botany at Kew, may see the utility of some of
what is done ; but if the result is to get the ap-
proval of all the elements that have to pay for
their support, it proves the effort to have been
wisely made.

The Azalea Trade.— Some idea of the enor-
mous trade in flowering plants, when once a firm
has got to be well known, may be inferred from the
fact that in the closing up of the old firm of Linden
at Ghent, Belgium, last month, 100,000 azaleas
were sold.

An Overstock of Good Gardeners.— Either
the prize must have been tempting, or gardeners
must be abundant as well in Germany as else-
where, when 268 applied for the position of super-
intendent of the Central Cemetery at Hamburg.

Traveling with the Driver.— Young men
on starting out to travel on stage lines used to get
the advice to get a seat by the driver. It is not
however always a success, for some drivers won't
talk while others talk more than they should do.
The writer of this took several days' ride through
California on the top with the driver, and the only
words that this driver spoke were once " yes," and
another time " Fresno." An"^English traveler re-
lates that last year he was riding through Green-
wood Cemetery, and calhng the attention of the
driver to some pretty specimens of the weeping
variety of the English Beech, was told "Yes, them
are the Californy trees, they were fetched all the
way from Frisco." This is a case of too much
talking.

The India-rubber Plant. — Everybody knows
the India-rubber plant with its thick leathery
leaves, at which Punch gets off the following joke :

"The Honorable Tom : 'Haw! This is, I sup-
pose— er — the new tobacco that everybody's grow-
ing.' Elfrida de Smyth : ' Oh, dear no. That's an
India-rubber plant ! The Honorable Tom : India-
rubber ! Bai jove ! Now I'd have bet any money
it was real. What— er — wonderful imitations there
are now-a-days ! '"

St. Dunstan and the Apple Tree. — In South-
east Devon and the neighborhood, a curious legend
is current among the farmers respecting St. Dun-
stan and the apple trees. It is said that he bought
up a quantity of barley and therewith made beer.
The Devil knowing that the Saint would naturally
desire to get a good sale for his beer, which he
had just brewed, went to him and said, that if he

would sell himself to him, then he (the Devil)
would go and blight the apple trees, so that there
should be no cider, and, consequently, there would
be a far greater demand for beer. St. Dunstan,
naturally wishing to drive a brisk trade in his
beer, accepted the offer at once ; but stipulated
that the trees should be blighted in three days,
which days fell on the 17th, 18th, and 19th of May.
In the almanacs, the 19th is marked as St. Dun-
stan's Day, and, as about this time the apple
trees are in blossom, many anxious allusions are
generally made to St. Dunstan ; and should, as is
sometimes the case, a sharp frost nip the apple-
blossoms, they believe they know who has been at
the bottom of the mischief. — Folkard's Folk-lore.

Boussingault.— The telegraph announces the
death on the nth of May of this celebrated
student in vegetable chemistry, at an advanced
age.

The Illustrated Strawberry Culturist. —
I By A. S. Fuller. New York : Orange Judd Co.,
The first edition of this work appeared 25 years
ago, and has proved very acceptable to readers.
This new edition brings the work down to the
: latest improvement, and thus has a new interest
and value.

I American Florist Company's Directory. —
} Directories for nurserymen, seedmen and florists,
I are getting to be numerous ; all are useful, and
i this one specially so. It pays special attention to
i those engaged in the business as florists. We
i gather from it that Chicago has 102 persons
i engaged in raising or selling flowers. Of these
30 have stores in which they sell them, the others
we suppose, sell direct from their greenhouses.
Only six are classed as " growers," by which is
possibly intended those who grow flowers on a
large scale in order to chiefly wholesale them,
j Boston has 107 florists, 24 florists' stores, and 12
I who are regarded as growers; New York, 176
florists, 1 1 1 stores, and not one grower ; Philadel-
phia, 185 florists, 12 stores, and 11 growers ; Balti-
j more has 48 florists, 8 stores, and no growers ;
Washington, D. C, 29 florists, no stores, and 5
growers ; Cincinnati, 49 florists, 4 stores, i grower;
Cleveland, 39 florists, i store, and no growers ;
Louisville, 29 florists, 3 stores. 7 growers ; New
Orleans, 48 florists, no flower stores, and no grow-
ers ; San Francisco, 45 florists, 2 stores. 2 growers .

The Effects of the Severe Frosts on
Vegetation During the Winters of 1879-80
i and 1880-81. By Rev. George Henslow. —
'journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol.

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

187

VIII., is wholly devoted to this subject. It com-
prises 338 pages ; all reports from correspondents
of the meteorological conditions all over Great
Britain, with the full lists of the plants injured in the
different localities. No attempt is made to deduce
any general law from the immense array of facts
gathered together here, and few, if any, will have
time to work it out for themselves. In our country
we have ceased to look on the thermometer as any
guide whatever in deciding the hardiness of trees,
or plants. In a low temperature with a dark cloudy
moist time, a tree may have perfect immunity that
would be " killed dead " by the same temperature
in a low atmosphere and cloudless sky.

Japan Work on Botany. — Inouma Yokoussai
appears to have been a famous author on botany
in Japan, This particular work, we are told by

are indebted to Mr. A. Blanc, of Philadelphia, for
this copy.

Horticultural Building Construction,—
By Josephus Plenty, New York and Philadelphia.
This is perhaps rather a catalogue for free distri-
bution, than a book ior review, and scarcely comes
under the literary rule that demands notice in this
column. But we are moved to do so because of
the good work greenhouse builders, and Mr. Plenty
in particular, are doing by aiding in the develop-
ment of the taste for greenhouses in our country.
Hitherto much of the work of planning these
has been to architects, who have had no more
idea that plants were'to be grown in them, than if
they were to hold pictures or statuary. Hence
they have proved annoyances rather than pleasure
to the proprietors, and a source of endless bicker-

A Conservatory Glazed without Putty.

Tanaka Yosiwo— who gives us here a second
edition, issued in 1867 -was for a long time the
leading work on Botany by the amateur botanists
of Japan. To the great regret of botanists,
the sudden death of the learned Yokoussai,
stopped a further edition of the work. This new
edition gives the Latin names, the Japanese names,
with the English pronunciations. We have but
the first volume ; but Mr. Tanako Yosiwo says i
there were to be twenty volumes devoted to her- [
baceous plants, six to trees, 6 completing volumes
are given to grasses, sedges, and vascular Crypto |
gams, but after the pubhcation of twenty volumes
the illustrious man succumbed to age, and finished
the manuscript without the plates, in six volumes.
These six volumes are now (1867) to be published.
The work is on the old sexual system of Linnaeus ;
This volumes commences with Monandria, forty-
two plates. It has a portrait of the author. We

ing and heart-burnings between employers and
their gardeners— the latter too often believing that
the gardener who could not grow plants in these
buildings that cost so much, must be the parties in
fault and not the architect. On the other hand,
gentlemen who have been convinced that the
architect is not the one to understand the re-
quirements of the plant grower, have, in many
instances, left the designing to the gardener, and
while the result has been an excellent structure
for the growth of plants, there has been too often
a lack of architectural beauty, that would have
given the building an additional charm.

It is then surely a great gain to horticulture
when one who knows what plants require, under-
takes to build houses, and who at the same time
has the taste to give them beauty as well.

This book is full of pretty designs. We select
one to illustrate the point made. We have beauty

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJune,

in proportion, and taste in finish, while the struc-
ture is perfectly adapted for its use as a conserva-
tory, or rather, a cool greenhouse for large grow-
ing winter blooming plants.

It will also be noted that although the roof is
curved the glass is straight, a point which is found
in modern greenhouse building to have many ad-
vantages.

Perhaps much of the revival which seems to be
taking place in greenhouse building, comes from
the discovery that we can not only do without that
intolerable nuisance, putty — but that matters are
miich simplified and made better without its use.

Mr. Plenty uses the Halliwell system of putty-
less structures, which has been found excellent.

Public Parks of Boston. — The annual re-
port of the Park Commissioners for 1886, shows
that ^123,981.88 were expended on construction
and maintenance during that year. In order,
however, to extend the Park system, the legislature
has given authority to borrow $2,500,000, in order
to establish more of them. $500,000 is to be bor-
rowed at 4 per cent, each year, the bonds having
50 years to run. Mr. F. L. Olmsted is the con- !
suiting landscape gardener and Mr. W. L. Fischer |
is regularly engaged as assistant landscape gar- !
dener at a salary of $2,199.66 a year. Everything
seems in a satisfactory and flourishing condition.

The New South.— By M. B. Hillyard. Balti- 1
more : published by the Manufactuiers' Record Co. f
1887. This is a description of the Southern States,
noting each State separately, and giving their dis-
tinctive features and most salient characteristics,
by Mr. M. B. Hillyard, who, probably, more than
any other man, has labored since the disastrous
rebelhon, to develop the industrial resources of the j
Southern States. The Editor of this magazine,
who was for sixteen years on the editorial staff of
one of the leading daily papers of Philadelphia, is
in a position to know how much is due to this ex- 1
cellent gentleman, who, abandoning promising op-
portunities for prosperous business in his native t
State of Delaware, in pure sympathy with the i
disasters of the South devoted his whole life to :
the work of building up the desolated region. His '
labors have benefited and will continue to benefit |
thousands, though it has not, we believe, been of
any especial benefit to himself. Like so many '
other benefactors of the race, his work in behalf j
of progress may not be fully appreciated ; but if [
the pleasure of living is to love, the Colonel — as
he is called by all his friends and who is now en- ^
gaged in pushing a railroad near New Orleans in ,

order to develop a delightful region — will have had
a full measure of happiness in his useful work.
This work of 413 pages will long remain one of
standard usefulness to those entering on industrial
pursuits in the "New South."

The Universal Tinker and Amateur's As-
sistant.— This is the title of a new $[ monthly
magazine to be issued by Hodgson & Bertrand,
New York. The gardener, of all other persons,
delights to be a "jack of all trades," from the
building of a greenhouse to the writing of a
" practical treatise " on pansies or violets. Possi-
bly he would get many good hits from a magazine
like this.

Insects Injurious to the Trees of Wash-
ington.—By C. V. Riley. Bulletin No. 10 of the
Entomological Division of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture.

In Washington, as elsewhere. Prof. Riley finds
there are four serious pests to the shade trees —
one, the Elm-leaf Beetle, that skeletonizes the
leaves of the Elm ; the Bag-worm that eats every-
thing, but especially Arbor Vitaes and conifers gen-
erally ; the Tussock moth which is equally
omnivorous, and the fall Web-worm. Fortunately
the Tussock moth is the worst to handle. With
the information gathered by Prof. Riley about
these things, destruction is within the scope of
probability, and not so difficult to bring about.

The combination of the accurately scientific,
with that which is practicable and reasonable is
a rare trait in the character of one at the head of
affairs. Few men have it in the degree possessed
by Prof. Riley, and we never take up a work issued
by the Government from his pen without feeling
that our Government was fortunate in securing
his services. The work can be had on applica-
tion to the Department at Washington, as well as
a report on the experiments made with various
insecticides. Cold water for cabbage proves use-
less, as does salt water. Pyrethrum powder is
the best for this enemy.

Catalogues. — Beyer Hugo, Garden and
Flower Seeds, New London, Iowa; Lambert &
Reiter, New Roses for 1887, Trieste, Germany;
Miller, G. H. & Sons, Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Vines, Shrubs, Roses, etc., Rome Ga. ; Plenty,
Jos., Horticultural Building and Construction,
New York City ; Societe Anonyme L'Horticulture
Internationale, New Plants and Orchids, Brussels,
Belgium ; Van Waveren & Kruyff, Dutch Bulbs,
Sassenheim, near Haarlem. Holland ; Van Wave-
ren, L., & Co., Dutch Bulbs, Hillegom, near
Haarlem, Holland ; Webster, T., Special Trade
Bulb Lists, Hyde Park, Mass.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

189

Horticultural Societies.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FLOWER MARKETS AND THE PENNSYL-
VANIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

BY J. E. M,

One of the first objects of interest to the trav-
eler, in Paris, is the Flower Market, which is held
in different quarters of Paris, Some days in front
of the Church of the Madeline, and on other days
at various quarters in Paris.

The pots are arranged on the street, and are
wrapped in white paper which forms a background
to the flowers. Thirty years ago there were from
1 5,000 to 20,000 plants sold daily and above 50,000
on fete days ; these and beautiful bouquets of
violets are sold by the pretty flower girls at very
low prices. There is no city in this country
nor in Europe, except Paris, where, the materials
are at hand for establishing a flower market equal
to our own. The various side-walk collections
now to be seen, would, if gathered together, make
a point of attraction for our people and visitors,
and increase the sales of the florists. On May
18th, 1841, the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
appointed a committee, with Mr. Caleb Cope,
Chairman, to apply to our City Councils to have
established a flower market, which was granted
by the following ordinance, which has never been
repealed :

AN ORDINANCE.

appointing a stand for the sale of plants and
flowers.

Section i. Be it ordained and enacted by the
Citizens of Philadelphia in Select and Common
Councils assembled : That the Committee on
City Property be, and they are hereby authorized
to grant permission to persons to exhibit and ex-
pose for sale, plants and flowers, on the sidewalk
on the South side of Walnut Street between Sixth
and Washington Streets, under such restrictions
as the said Committee may, from time to time,
impose, or the Councils ordain, for the preserva-
tion of order, and the prevention of inconvenience
of passengers, and security of the rights of the
■Citizens.

Jos. R. Chandler, Chairman. Samuel Beck.
H. J. Williams. Samuel W. Weer.

Geo. Sharswood. Joseph Hand.

William Morris. Reese D. Fell.

Coniviittee on City Property.
Philadelphia, yune 3, 1841.

(Copied from Ordinance of City of Philadelphia,

in library of Franklin Institute.)

The importance of this movement was urged
upon our gardeners at that time and frequently
afterwards, but as little or no interest was mani-
lested. the project was dropped and has remained
a dead letter ever since ; but as considerable
interest is now beiijg manifested in this matter,
there is no reason why a flower market should not
be established at once under the auspices of the
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, with the as-
sistance of the young and energetic Florists'
Club.

[We give this as embodying the views of the
esteemed President of the Pennsylvania Horti-
cultural Society, though for our own part when
public market houses are common in every part
of the city, we have some doubt about the wisdom
of giving the public streets for any purpose what-
ever. Would there be any profit in an exclusively
floral market-house in a central location ? — Ed.
G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society —
Spring Exhibition. — Those who have been of
late lamenting, that flowering plants have been
banished from exhibitions, and nothing but ferns
and leaf plants are to be seeif in their places,
dried their eyes and looked happy at the beauti-
ful display made at the spring exhibition of the
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. The huge
hall was one mass of flowers. There was much
that was wholly new, while, as specimens of good
culture, some of the exhibits would have done no
discredit to the happy days of yore, the grey heads
love to talk about.

Among the matters that may interest our distant
readers we may note that Mr. H. A. Dreer de-
monstrated that the days of named Anemones are
numbered. He had seedlings, but a year old,
with every imaginable shade of color among
them. It was indeed new to our reporter, that so
much beauty and variety could be had in a single
season from a small paper of Anemone seed. The
old-fashioned Primroses, had beautiful displays by

190

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[June,

several exhibitors. We noted that some varieties
had much more of the fascinating primrose scent j
than others. Polyanthuses are primroses with
more than one flower on the common peduncle.
But often both forms may be seen on the same
plant. Those exhibited by Mr. W. K. Harris,
which had the first premium, were grown in 8inch
pots, were chiefly Polyanthuses, and had about 12
strong trusses of flowers to each plant. Mr. H,
had also a nice display of the favorite old Eng-
lish daisies. The collections of primroses from
Mr. Shaw, gardener to Mr. Clarence Clark, and
of Mr. Sykes, gardener to Mrs. Harry Ingersoll,
were not far behind the premium set. Hydrangeas
are getting popular for pot growing. They make
exquisite plants for ornamenting rooms. Mr.
August Lutz had some beauties. They were in 8-
inch pots and had about 8 large heads to each
plant. Amarylhses are growing also in popularity,
and pretty things they are. Mr. Harris had a large \
number of the varieties of the vittata class in [
beautiful bloom. |

For collections of ornamental plants in pots it !
was pleasant to note that the taste of the judges
is getting back to favor healthy, well -grown plants, :
rather than monstrous things in tubs, which only
elephants can drag comfortably around. j

The first premium was given to David Emery,
gardener to Mrs. Dissel. It was one of the most
meritorious, from a cultivator's point of view, ever
seen in the Hall. Few were in over 12-inch pots.
The same excellent grower had a collection of
Cinerarias. They were about 2 feet high, and
had that exact proportion between flowers and
leaves which the good cultivator aims at. With too
much manure, the mass of leaves is often dispro-
portionate. Rh(Sdodendrons and Azaleas made a
grand display in the Hall, These were also from
the gardens of Mr. Clarence H. Clark, and were
fine specimens of growth. One called Limbatum
was charming. The flowers were pure white, but
with a very narrow edging of dark rose. It is
evidently of the Ponticum breed, and therefore
not hardy, but just the thing for pot culture. The
Azaleas were about 6 feet high by 5 feet wide, per-
fect cones, showing no evidence of art in train-
ing, and therefore more pleasing by the natural-
ness of their character. One of the plants was of
the old Purpurea variety, which, in a specimen
like this was quite as effective as many of the
rarer kinds would be. The Hyacinths from the
collection of Mr. Geo. W. Childs, were much
more perfect specimens than those which obtained
the medals a month ago. There was no undue

proportion between leaf and flower spike, and the
plants were uniform in size and appearance. Mr.
Hughes, Mr. Childs' gardener, received great
praise from the best gardeners for this handsome
exhibit. The same good gardener, had a grand
specimen of that good old yellow late winter
blooming plant, Cytissus or Genista racemosus.
It was about 8 feet high by 6 feet wide. Mr.
Davis, gardener to Mr. W. P. Henszey, has some
nice specimens of Lilium Harrisii in lo-inch pots,
with about seven flowers on each stalk. In pots
Mr. Banyard had a large number of plants of his
new Carnations, "Quaker City," a white one, and
" Robert Craig," crimson. They appeared to be
wonderfully floriferous, but are probably not early
bloomers. Messrs Craig had a beautiful arrange-
ment of plants suited to decorative purposes, in
which the chief point of attraction was the good
use made of Asparagus tenuissimus, which was
made to do duty in festooning the table contain-
ing its companions.

The old Calceolarias which had so much to do
with ornamenting our spring greenhouses a
quarter century ago, is being revived again. Mr.
Gebhard Huster, had a nice collection, and it was
hoped that he would continue to give us these
good things again every year. It is a strange fact
that there were good gardeners there, to whom
these Calceolarias was an unknown plant.

A new class of Begonias, with beautiful bronzy
peltate leaves, was brought into potice by Mr.
Murtz, gardener to Edmund Smith, Esq. The
original species is Begonia gogoensis. Orchids
were not as numerous as usual. Among others, a
Cattleya purpurata in the collection of Mr. Joyce,
gardener to Mrs. Baldwin, though with but two
spikes, and three flowers on each spike, was very
much admired.

The cut flower specimens, were much as noted
in our last, though we do not remember Meteor
among the Roses. This appeared to be a Bourbon,
and as dark as Gloire des Rosamene, but flowers
very double. It was from Mr. C. T. Evans.

Maryland Horticultural Society. — While
friends in Boston, New York and elsewhere, kindly
keep us posted, if only by local newspaper slips,
of the work of their horticultural societies, we
rarely get such favors from Baltimore, and are
therefore the more under obligation to the kind-
ness which prompted the sending of the following
note :

The Maryland Horticultural Society still con-
tinues very prosperous, and its April show was

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

191

a very good one indeed. Among the successful
exhibitors were T. H. Garrett, James Pentland,
Mrs. Delahay, G. A. Black, Herman & Brother,
Alex. Scott, E. Hoen, Hamilton Easter, R. J. Hal-
liday, John Cook. John Wildey, Robert Graham,
Mrs. Hamilton, and Mrs. Nolen. Mr. Pentland
keeps up his love for Camellias and made an ad-
mirable display. The premiums were given for
the best Azaleas and Rhododendrons. Geraniums,
Lycopodiums, Ferns, Calceolarias, Cinerarias, Bed-
ding Plants, Roses, Orchids, Tulips, Pansies, Suc-
culent Plants, Hanging Baskets. Fuchsias and the
usual assortment of cut flower work. Among these
a very useful design was by Herman & Brother,
which gave a model carpet garden, by which
hints for the arrangement of proper colors were
afforded.

Among the special matters of general admiration
was a plant of Puya Altensteinii, one of those bril-
liant things of which the pine-apple family contains
so many. This was from Mr. Robert Graham, from
Patterson Park. Possibly the most attractive
thing were the orchids from Mr. T. Harrison Gar-
rett's, whose gardener, Mr. Donald S. Grant, is a
rare lover of gardening, and who does much to
keep up the interest in the exhibits. He carried
off about a dozen of the premiums.

Hartford County (Conn.) Horticultural
Society. — A renewed interest in horticulture has
led to an effort to renew the Horticultural Society
which formerly existed. A recent meeting was
held in the Mayor's office, with J. G. Webster as
Chairman, and Clarence Bryant as Secretary.
Excellent addresses were made by Dr. G. W.
Russell, J. G. Hale, F. S. Brown and Wm. May.
A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and
every sign of vigorous usefulness ushered in the
new endeavor,

Germantown, Philadelphia, Horticultural
Society. — The May Meeting generally makes a
specialty of wild flowers. On this occasion Mr.
Edward Gellet exhibited 120 species all collected
by him in the vicinity of Germantown. These
were all named, and it shows what a prolific
locality it must be when so many native flowers
can be found in bloom at one time. Mr. Gellet is
a young artisan, and is employed all day at his
trade. He believes if he had the time at his dis-
posal he could have found double the number.
Messrs. Joseph Meehan and George Redles had
also collections, the items of course being much
as in the first premium set.

Among the rare things exhibited was a plant of

a Taxocarpus, a white flowered plant allied to
Rogiera, which filled the atmosphere of the hall
with its delightful perfume. It was from Mr.
Daniel Curtin a well known florist.

The Royal Horticultural Society.— This
society held a provincial show at Liverpool
recently. The loss was $8,300.

A Californian Floral Fete. — California
must indeed be a land of flowers, judging by the
festival that, extending over two weeks, has excited
the famous old town of Los Angeles. Hundreds
of contributors of cut flowers, poured them in
from all parts of the country. Designs, as they
are called, of cut flowers, furnished fresh novelties
every day. The " unveiling of a floral ship " was
the great work of the first day.

The sum of $969.60, taken in that day, shows
how popular the floral ship must have been,
though the prayer of Reverend Joseph Pendleton,
or the address of his Honor the Mayor, may have
divided the attractions of the day with the ship.

On the second day, a great attraction was the
American flag — the red being of Zonale Pelar-
goniums, the white of Pyrethrum, and the blue of
Heliotrope. A grand cross which had been used
the day before in Episcopal services, was exhib-
ited. The golden colors, made of yellow Marigolds.
A huge shield made of Marigolds, Roses, Gerani-
ums and Stock Gillies, was sent by Mrs, Crocker
as a contribution from the Citrus Valley, A huge
fan, the rays fifteen feet long, was a " design "
highly applauded. A huge snow-shoe, made of
White Pyrethrum and Geraniums, divided the
applause with it, bringing cooling memories
into a warm day. The floral ship was 13 feet
long, and bore a cargo of oranges. The grand
design, however, was the famous shoe of Mother
Goose, in which her huge family of children
were all represented — as large as life. Ger-
aniums made the shoe, except Marigolds were
at the heel, and a binding of Smilax fringed the
orifice. Cut flowers were sold, ice cream, lemon-
ade and everything useful in such a gathering,
everything having a booth to itself, and the
materials sold with the attendants being almost
smothered in flowers. These attendants — young
ladies — are described as being truly lovely, though
when a reporter suggested this to one of the young
ladies, she replied to him " now don't be soft.''
She was after his cash just then instead of his
compliments. It was an example of misplaced
confidence at that time.

Roses seem to be the favorite flower as well as

192 THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY [June,

elsewhere. A branch of the Washington Noisette, a distinctive feature ; indeed, no other plants but

had 13 flowers full blown and 57 unexpanded i those inhabiting North America and Mexico will

buds. Mrs. Heaver exhibited 100 named varieties find a place. It is the aim of Mr. Goldring, the

in cut flowers. Mrs. Fox sent a flower of Paul landscape gardener, to so " group " the plants that

Neyron that measured 18 inches round. The when in flower each " group" shall have a char-

" shoe design " was 6 feet long and 3 feet high, acteristic effect. For instance, in one part he will

The public school children sent a huge painter's have all the varieties of Evening Primrose (GEno-

easel, with geometrical ferns arranged in flowers, theras) in one large group, the prevailing color of

The triangle was made of Lilies. which is yellow, interspersed with white ; further

The Public School Booth however gave diver-
sions for the designs, in literary exercises in the
form of criticisms on poetry. The illustrations

on all the Phloxes, and these will be very orna-
mental, as it is intended to include the showy
varieties which have originated from the North

were however given in floral designs. Some con- American species. Close to these will stand
nected with the Merchant of Venice were quite groups of the best species of Michaelmas daisies
taking. The door money taken in during the (Asters), and these will carry on the floral display
first four days was I3053.80. until the close of the Exhibition. A glow of color

The proceeds all go to charitable purposes. ; will be produced by thousands of Tigridia, scar-

The Gardens at the American Exhibition ^^^' ^^^^^^ ^"^ ^^'t^' ^"^ ^^^^^ ^'^^ t)e associated
IN London.— Recently I paid a visit to the works I ^'^^ o-^^"" lowers of kindred tints.
in progress at Earl's Court, upon which over a ^^^ Composites will, of course, predominate, as
thousand men are employed, when a glance at ^^^y comprise such a large portion of the flora of
the main exhibition building now in progress, and ^^^ States ; the garden will therefore be most at-
the surrounding grounds, which cover 23 acres, | tractive during the latter part of the summer,
sufficed to show what a great undertaking our O^^^'' important classes of plants are the her-
" American cousins " are about to attempt here. I baceous Spiraeas, showy Gaillardias, and Helian-

The gardens and promenades surrounding the I ^^"^^^ '• scarlet Lobelias of California, annual and
buildings occupy about 9 acres, and are divided I perennial Lupines, alpine Phloxes, and Iceland
into two sections— the western and the central, j Poppies ; while under such trees as exist, chiefly
This large extent of ground is beset with great dif- P^^*'^ ^nd elders, are shady spots for the larger-
ficulties, which must be overcome before what i growing ferns,

was market gardens and waste ground can be | '^^^ temptation to introduce Dahlias appears to
transformed into a pleasing promenade and gar- ^^ve been too great to resist. Mr. Goldring wishes
dens for the visitors to the Exhibition. likewise to introduce such singular-looking Cacta-

One of the most prominent features at the | ^^^^^ P^^"'^ ^^^ Agaves of Mexico as are likely
present moment, and the only one that shows ^o prove interesting to the visitor, and add consid-

an approach toward completion, is some rockwork
artistically arranged, and which harmonizes with
the gentle undulations of the suiface in that part
near the West Kensington station. This spot will
probably be one of the most attractive in the

erably to the picturesqueness of the whole.

The "central garden" will be enlivened by Cali-
fornian annuals, which Messrs. James Carter &
Co., High Holborn, have undertaken to furnish,
and the same firm will also sow the lawns. As

whole garden. Here will be arranged some of [ yet little has been done in the way of tree or shrub
the choicest hardy flowers, especially Lilies, | planting, but the ground is being prepared in all
Orchises, etc., of North America; and the beds haste for the purpose. A large area is being set
are so designed as to suit the various requirements apart for a Rhododendron display on ground
of the plants. A portion of this section has al- ' furnished with undulating slopes, and which will
ready been taken in hand, and planted by Mr. T. ' be wholly covered at the flowering period with
Ware. There are " colonies " of such interesting i canvas. Plots are to be set apart for tobacco,
plants as Cypripedium spectabile. Sarracenias, [ maize, hemp, and other plants connected with the
Dodecatheons, Trilliums and many other well chief industries of the United States. The main
known beautiful perennial plants. The crevices building and its surroundining garden are quite
of the rocks are planted with North American apart from the eastern section— an area of 6 acres
ferns and Saxifrages. — connected with the main building by a wide

The garden throughout will be studded with corridor of about too yards in length.— G^arrt'^^ijrj'
groups representing the American flora, giving it ' Chronicle.

IHE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

JULY, 1887.

Number 343.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

ation how much the architecture itself is affected

by its position. A house may look pretty enough

Continuing our hints on tasteful landscape gar- when examined in the specimen book at the
dening, we give this month some views of Glen- architect's office, and yet when erected impress

Glenview: The Residence of John B. Trevor, Yonkers, N, Y.

view, the residence of John B. Trevor, Esq., of! one very unfavorably by reason of the surround-
Yonkers, in order to illustrate a point made last ings. To use an expressive phrase, it is out of
month, that architects seldom take into consider- \ harmony. As stated in the chapter already referred

194

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[July.

to, a tall turreted or castellated building looks best
on an eminence — while a low broad building
shows to best advantage on a low broad plateau
Mr. Trevor's residence looks admirable on the
elevation as presented— but would be wholly out
of character on a level plain. The gardening
proper of this beautiful place is on the other side
of the house, and of which the smaller picture
gives a glimpse — we see just enough to understand
that the little ornamentation the larger view pre-
sents, gives the stronger pleasure to the garden
proper when we reach it. It is these contrasts and
harmonies that go to make up much of the great
pleasures of good landscape gardening.

Increased attention has been given the Rhodo-
dendron and Azalea the few past seasons, as they
prove to be much more easy to manage than peo-
ple formerly thought. It is found to be a mistake
that they need shade. It is only a cool soil they
require. This is made by deepening it, and add-
ing to it material, which will keep it open and
poious at all seasons. We accomplish this by
adding fine brushwood with the heavy clay loam.
Those who have them in good growing order
should take care to keep them in good health by
occasional top-dressing. This they enjoy, as the
little hair-like roots fancy feeding in cool places,
near the surface. It has been found in the vicinity
of Philadelphia that well-decayed cow manure is
used to very great advantage as a dressing for these
plants. There is considerable difference in the har-
diness of some of the varieties. The original species
that gave birth to this race of beautiful kinds, is
the Rhododendron Catawbiense of the mountains
of North Carolina, a very hardy species, and the
Rhododendron Ponticum, from Asia Minor, which
is tender. Just in proportion as the constitution of
each parent predominates is the relative hardiness
of the offspring. The same kind that would be
hardy in the old world with its moist atmosphere,
may be tender in our clear dry cMmate, Great
care therefore is required in the selection of varie-
ties, to get those in which the R, Catawbiense pre-
ponderates. The Rhododendron maximum — the
Mountain Laurel of some of our people, though
the Wood Laurel, Kalmia latifolia, sometimes gets
the name — does not seem to have entered much
into the hybridism of this beautiful tribe. It
flowers later, and this may be one reason. It
cannot be that '• hybrids are sterile " for Rhodo-
dendron hybrids, as well as most other hybrids
are as fertile as can be. The Rhododendron
maximum however is well worthy the attention of
American planters.

Summer pruning is very advantageous on trees
and shrubs, and it is surprising that it is not more
practiced. A judicious thinning out while the
tree or shrub is growing, would save much work
in the winter season, when it is too often the
custom to get the cowboy with a shears or a
laborer with an axe or saw to crop off the head,
and irretrievably ruin things. The finger and
thumb on the young branches of pines while they
are growing, have a wonderful effect on the
beauty of the tree. Evergreen trees love pruning
as well as deciduous. The Scotch pine and the
Chinese Arbor Vitae, are two plants which derive
wonderful benefit from the pruning knife. Both
these are very liable to get ragged when left en-
tirely to their natural inclinations, but grow with
a beautiful compact luxuriance under the occa-
sional application of the knife. Indeed the Scotch
pine with judicious pruning makes one of the
most beautiful ornaments of the lawn and pleasure
ground. It can be made to take many odd forms ;
one of the most picturesque is obtained by cutting
off its head when about ten feet high, and never
let another leader grow. The side branches are
all cut away except the upper tier, these spread
then outwardly— not exactly creeping but flowing
forward in the most luxurious green imaginable,
making a much prettier arbor than any weeping
tree we ever saw.

These peculiar objects are very striking in a
flower garden, and other things besides evergreens
will furnish them. Deciduous shrubs may often
be trained into interesting forms. The Wistaria
sinensis, for instance, makes a very interesting ob.
ject trained as a small tree. If tied up to a stake
for one or two years, and then suffered to stand
alone, it will make a pretty round head, and when
in spring the pendant blossoms are in profusion,
it makes a unique ornament on a lawn.

So many roses have been sent out on the Man-
etti stock, that great care will be needed to watch
for and take off the suckers as they appear, or in
a year or two they will kill the grafted part ; one
can soon educate the eye to distinguish between a
Manetti and the kind grafted on it.

Hybrid perpetual roses are classed among the
ever-blooming ones, but whether they bloom freely
in autumn or not, depends much on treatment.
The flowers at this season should be cut off at
once as they fade. It is from the new buds which
push from under the old flowers that comes the
autumn blooms. All roses bloom the better in
their succession for having their flowers cut as
they fade.

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

195

yY

u % M'

''^^. ^^

MX

Side Terrace at Glenview.

A very interesting occupation is the rais-
ing of roses from seed. General Jacque-
minot seeds freely, and makes a good
parent. A few blooms may be left to
mature on this variety.

Towards the end of June propagation
by budding commences. This is very
commonly employed with the rose ; but
ornamental trees and shrubs may be in-
creased in the same way. Closely allied
species must be chosen to work together.

Propagation by layering may be per-
formed any time when strong, vigorous
growing shoots can be had. Any plant
can be propagated by layers. Many can
be readily propagated no other way. Cut a notch
on the upper side of the shoot, not below, as all

the books recommend, and bend down
into, and cover with rich soil. In a few
weeks they root, and can be removed from
their parents. Stakes for plants should
be charred at the ends before using, when they
will last for years.

The rose bugs are apt to be very annoying at
some seasons. The best remedy is to shake them
off into a pail of water. The rose slug is often
very injurious to the leaves — completely skeleton-
izing them. All kinds of rapid remedies have
been proposed — whale oil, soap, petroleum, etc.,
but the best thing of all is to set a boy to crush
them by finger and thumb. It is astonishing how
rapidly they are destroyed by this process. This
is true of most of the larger insects. Hand pick-
ing or crushing is by far the best remedy.

196

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJ^iy.

Peg down roses where a heavy mass of flowers
is desired. The side shoots push more freely for
this treatment. Roses may be propagated by
layering as well as other plants.

COMMUNICATIONS.

ROSE, AMERICAN BEAUTY.
BY DR. LUDWIG FRITSCH.

We learn by Fr. Harms, of Hamburg, in the
latest number of Mailer's Gardeners' Zeitung, Er-
furt, Germany, that this is an old French rose.
The florists of our country should, as soon as pos-
sible, take notice of this fact. How did this rose
come into the trade, and by whom under this
wrong name ?

If it was no swindle, but a mistake from ignor-
ance, we should correct it as soon as possible.

Its real name is Madame Ferdinand Jamain.
and was raised by Ledechaux, 1875. Mr. Fr.
Harms in Hamburg states that he propagated this
rose a short time after its appearance en masse,
but could not find any market for it on account
of its cherry red color which found no admirers
in that time. When this old maiden was made
young again like many others (La Reine, Beauty
of Glazenwood, Celine Forestier, etc.,) and our
Yankee Garden Barnums praised it to the world,
the best rose connoisseur, Fr. Harms, was taken
in by our Yanks and they sold him 200 plants.
But, seeing it flower, the true gardener found out
the fraud, and he advertises stock and propagation
at no price in Germany at this time.

So much for our honest propagators and dealers.
Evansville, Ind.

GARDEN NOTES.

BY W. FALCONER.

Abelia rupestris, p. 323, 1886. — Although this
pretty little Chinese evergreen shrub is hardy in
Texas, it is not hardy around New York, but it
survives our winters very well in a cold frame.
With me it blooms from late summer on through
autumn and winter, and the color of its flowers is
from nearly white to pale rose, but its foliaceous
segments are usually more deeply tinted than is
the corolla. The Mexican species, A. floribunda,
has larger and showier but fewer flowers and they
are of a purplish-red color. But this little abeha
is only one among many choice shrubs ; for in-
stance, tea plant, pittosporum, Magnolia fuscata,

and three-leaved berberis, that the good people of
that lovely country, between the Brazos and Col-
orado, enjoy as common garden shrubs and which
we have to giow as greenhouse and pit plants, in
winter at least.

■^gopodiuin Podograria, fol. var., p. 323. — A
good enough plant in its way, and the variegation
of its foliage is decided, conspicuous and perma-
nent ; but Mr. Burgevin, don't you find it to be an
inveterate weed ? It has always behaved so with
me.

Lespedeza bicolor, p. 327. —Has a fixed shrubby
nature and blooms in July. The plant generally
known as Desmodium penduliflorum is as you say
a " half shrubby, herbaceous plant " with us, and
in good ground forms immense clumps 5 to 7 feet
high in a season. But it does not come into bloom
till the end of August. The white-blooming
variety is a capital companion to the typical pur-
ple-flowered sort.

Moles, p. 327. — J. N. B., says he has not been
successful with the Isbell mole trap. Our place
once was, and if opportunity granted would still
be, very badly overrun with moles, but with the
help of an Isbell and a Hale's trap I keep the moles
under complete control. I gave these traps to
one of the workmen and now hold him responsi-
ble for any appearance of moles on the place.
These two traps are simple and efficient, and if
used intelligently and persistently will keep the
moles in check.

Stapelia Hardy in Texas, p. 328. — As outdoor
plants in summer, and in the full sunshine, Sta-
pehas grow and spread with a luxuriance they
never attain as pot grown plants. For a good
many years I have grown them in this way, that
is, planted them out in summer, lifted and potted
them in fall, and wintered them in a greenhouse.
But I always found that the first sharp frost killed
the surplus pieces or plants that I left out-of-doors.
And I am the more surprised at the immunity of
Mrs. H's Stapehas, as I know that in winter they
have some pretty cold snaps, a good few degrees
of frost, at Palestine. In protected places and
with some covering I dare say the little Africans
can shiver through it. Will Mrs. H. kindly give
us some particulars ?

Cercidiphyllum Japonicum, p. 338. — As an or-
namental tree it is distinct and pretty and worthy of
cultivation. It is hardy, a ready grower, and
easily transplanted. It does not assume, with us
at any rate, nearly so fastigiate a form as the
Lombardy poplar. Although it is a free-grower,
from its manner of growth I am not inclined to

l887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

197

expect for it a future as one of our timber trees
It is rather impatient of drouth.

Trees for the Seaside, p. 338,— Please don't
omit the Silver Thorn (Eleagnus hortensis).

Uvularia perfoliata, p. 342.— As a garden plant
it spreads too much and is not good-looking
enough for the choice border, but naturalized in
shady places, also in wild or rock-gardens, it often
finds a place. U. grandiflora and U. flava, grow
more in tufts and are more showy. They are not
uncommon as garden plants.

Wild Plants. — While some of our little wood
and mountain flowers are the dearest and sweetest
of floral gems, for instance the Linnea, Fringed
Polygala, Creeping Azalea, Cassiope, Cushion
Pink, Glaucous Kalmia and the like, they are very
difficult to establish in our gardens, and more
especially to get them in bulk enough to make any
show. But Wild Callas, Trilliums, Aralias, Sarra-
cenias, Soloman's Seal, Cypripediums, and the
like make capital garden plants.

Soil for Mountain Plants. — The best material
I ever used was rotted leaf-soil, such as I made at
home or raked up from the hollows in the woods ;
also the thin lining of leaf mould to be found in
the hollows in rich woods and which I skinned
off with a sharp spade. This mixed and chopped
up together, and a little sharp sand added, forms
a soil in which most wild plants will establish
themselves. And after planting I mulched the
ground with sphagnum moss, then let it alone.

A Garden of Gems. — The loveliest little garden
plot I ever set a foot in, natural or artificial, is
around the Lakes of the Clouds between Mount
Washington and Mount Monroe. There, above
tree limits, all the Uttle alpine jewels seem to con-
gregate. GUn Cove, Long Island, N. V.

ZINNIA ELEGANS ROBUSTA GRANDI-
FLORA PLENISSIMA (LORENZ).
BY CHARLES LORENZ.

My continued endeavors in improving the most
popular flowers have enabled me, in course of
time, to introduce flowers of greatest merit, such
as Pansy Emperor William, Diadem Pink, Gam-
phrena globosa nana compacta, Gaillardia picta
Lorenziana, Dianthus, Mourning Cloak and
others, and are now crowned with a new, highly
considerable success. By the most careful en-
deavors of many years, I have succeeded in
raising a new large flowering double Zinnia of the
highest possible perfection, which I shall give in
the trade this year.

It is not only the most considerable novelty of
this year, but it has also, in contrast with the
great many novelties of often most dubious merit,
introduced by the novelties-fever of the last years,
the peculiarity that its real value cannot be
sufficiently described. Every man must see the
plant itself to be able to appreciate the great
value of the same.

Even the plant differs entirely from the old
variety by its luxurious, robust growth, and the
deep green color of the large leaves. It forms a
handsome Dahlia-like bush, of 3 feet and
more in height, and above the same are elevated
on strong, slender ^ems, the enormous flowers
from 5 to 6 inches across, which appear in unin-
terrupted succession, and represent in all respects
the highest possible perfection. Whilst the flower-
leaves of the old double Zinnia lie tile-like, one on
another, giving thus to the flower a more flat ap-
pearance, the nearly twofold-sized flower-leaves of
this new variety are vaulted, and as they are pro-
duced in such a great abundance that they often
cannot find place enough for development, the
flower gets such an elevated face that its appear-
ance is quite another one to that of the old flower.
Corresponding to the more robust growth of
plant and flower, the colors of the last are more
beautiful and intense, partially being really
dazzling, and also the richness of shades is a
promising one, as tinges appear which are not yet
found amongst the old double Zinnias. The mag-
nificent flowers preserve their full beauty during
three or four weeks even in the greatest hotness.

By the luxurious growth, and the large bright
flowers, this novelty is particularly valuable for
large groups, but it will be also of great effect
when planted singly or as a border plant in small
gardens, and will undoubtedly soon become a
general favorite.

The engraving I saw represents a flower of me-
dium-size. I had shown a collection of medium-
sized flowers at ameetingof the Erfurt Horticultural
Society, where they caused a great sensation, and
were generally admired. 1 believe it is not saying
too much, that by careful endeavors of many years,
I have raised the ne plus ultra of double Zinnias.
yohn Street 100 -103, Erfurt, Germany.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Laburnum. — This tree was scarcely ever
more beautiful than this year. The golden
racemes seemed longer and the flowers of a
brighter yellow than usual. It will sometimes

198

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[J"iy.

reach the height of twenty feet. It often has the
common name of " Golden Chain," though Labur-
num is quite as common.

Mahonias. — Rarely have Mahonias been more
beautiful than this year. The brilliant yellow
blossoms, with the dark green hoUy-Uke leaves,
renders them particularly attractive. They like
to be planted in situations where they do not get
the full sun in winter.

Sweet Scented Roses. — Having ascertained
that I had sixteen varieties of scentless roses in
my garden I made out a Ust of these, and at the
same time, another list of the most popular kinds
grown which did really possess the fragrance so
much sought after in the queen of flowers. This
list — in which the first thirty mentioned are those
which, in my opinion, are superior in this respect
— may be useful for the guidance of persons in-
tending to improve or enlarge their collections. I
have said nothing about the Moss, Provence,
GaUica, or Tea-scented varieties, which are all
more or less highly perfumed. Amongst the Tea-
scented kinds, IMarechal Niel is decidedly the
sweetest and most powerfully scented of all. My
list embraces Hybrid Perpetuals only.

L.a France
Alfred Colomb
Monsieur Woolfield
Bessie Johnson
Madame Tlierese Levet
Duchess of Edinburgh
Senateur Vaisse
Pierre Netting
Exposition de Brie
Duke of Wellington
Le Rhome
Madame Moieau
Jules Margottin
Mdlle. Maiie Rady
Miss Laiug

Marie Baumann
Senateur Favre
Louise Van Houtte
Souvenir de Julie Gonod
Baroness Louise Uxkull
Alexander Dickson
Duke of Edinburgh
Maurice Beruardin
Velours Pourpre
Madame Victor V^erdier
Leopold Hausburg
Mdlle. Julie Pereard
Due de Rohan
Princess M. of Cambridge
Madame Knorr

The Best Hybrid Perpetual Roses Raised
During the Years Named. — The following, I
think, will be generally admitted to be the
" cream " of the large number sent out during
the period referred to, viz :

1879. Raisers' names.

Charles Darwin Laxton.

Countess of Rosebery Postans.

Duchess of Bedford Postans.

Harrison Weir Turner.

Dr. Sewell Turner.

Catherine Soupert La Charme.

1880.

Dr. Hogg Paul & Son.

Duke . f Teck Paul & Son.

J ulius Finger La Charme.

Gloire de Bourg la Reine La Charme.

1881.

Mrs. Jowitt Cranston & Co.

Pride of Waltham ,...W. Paul & Son.

Lady Sheffield W. Paul & Son.

As regards the roses sent out in 1882, and not

yet really proved, perhaps the following will be

found good, viz:

Violette Bouz^r La Charme.

Ulrirh Brunner Levet.

Helen Paul La Charme.

— William Walters, in Gardening Illustrated.

Late Season in France.— As in this part of
the world, the season was late in France. In
Paris, where the lilacs are wholly in bloom on the
15th of April, they were wholly dormant at that
date.

Disease in Caladiums. — A fungus closely
allied to the one that causes so much trouble to
the potato, has attacked the Caladium. It is very
bad on the C. esculentum which is much used
for food in the West Indies and elsewhere.

The above thirty varieties may be depended on
as being amongst the most highly perfumed Hy-
brid Perpetual Roses in cultivation ; the following
are, however, little inferior :

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Madame de St. Fulgent
Souvenir de Spa
Prince Humbert
Madame Auguste Verdier
Fisher Holmes
Charles Lefebvre
Jean Cherpin (Bennett)
Cheshunt Hybrid
Lord Clyde

Madame Marie Finger
Xavier Olibo
Leopold Premier
Baronne Haussmann
Madame Clotilde Roland
Claude Levet
Anna Alexieff
Marguerite St. Amand
Madame Boll
Madame Rousset
Madame George Paul
Souvenir du General Douai
Edward Morren

Ducbesse d' Orleans

Vicomte Vigier

Abbe Girandier

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Annie Wood

Madame Chas. Wood

Emihe Hausburg

Camille Bernardin

Captain Cliri>ty

Madame Derreux Douville

Duchesse de Caylus

Dupuy Jamin

Gabriel de Peyronny

Mdlle. Marguerite Dombraiu

> elix Genero

Alpaide de Rotalier

Serairamis

Prince Camille de Rohan

Gloire de Santenay

Adolphe Brogniart

Eli Morel

Beauty of Waltham

— The Garden.

Fringed Dahlias. — In Germany, they now
have Dahlias which have the petals fringed in-
stead of being cupped and entire. They are said
to be very pretty, and hkely to be popular.

Narcissus, Rip Van Winkle.— A double va-

1 riety of this is said to be the most remarkable of

' the whole family. The flower is greenish-yellow,

and the whole mass of sepals very finely divided.

An Early Snowdrop.— It is said that there is
a variety of Snowdrop in English gardens much
earlier than the other ; that when growing side by
side, one may flower several weeks earlier in some
seasons. It is worthy of note, however, that the
difference between the time of early-blooming
plants is not every year the same.

Noisette Rose, Princesse Marie de Lusig-
nan.— M. Cochet declares, in the Journal des

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

199

Roses, that this is the most beautiful Noisette ever
raised. It is a seedling raised by M. Perny, a
musical composer and rose amateur. The flowers
are pale yellow, of splendid form and exquisite
perfume — the last a rare quality in Noisettes.

New Classes of Roses. — It is remarkable that
so little has been done towards improving the
wild roses of Europe and America. The garden
roses are mostly of Asiatic species. Years ago, a
beginning was made with the Prairie rose, but that
effort died out. Our many species of rose have a
delightful fragrance, are hardy, and have many
other good characters to recommend them to im-
provers.

Rose, Archiduchesse Maria. Immaculata, —
The Journal des Roses, with a colored plate,
highly praises this seedling of Soupert & Netting,
which they raised by Tea Rose Madame Lambert,
with Tea Socrates. The color is a bright brick red.

Aristolochias. — These remarkably curious
and always interesting plants, of which the Dutch

which we are all familiar, but they are rather
more deeply cut. It was very strongly recom-
mended to me last year, and as the seed was
comparatively inexpensive, I purchased two
packets, one of which was sown in heat under
glass and the other in the open. The plants raised
in the border made a very satisfactory growth,
but they did not attain to such dimensions as
those raised with the assistance of artificial heat.
The seed was sown in pots in the usual way, and
the plants were put singly in three-inch pots, and
had the protection of a frame until the end of May.
They were then planted out, the soil having pre-
viously received a liberal dressing of manure from
an-old hotbed. The scientific name of the Japanese
hop is Humulus Japonicus." — F. W. in Garden.

[We believe this is-an annual, and it should be
a popular vine in American gardens, where Japan
plants usually do so well, and rapid growth for
shade often desirable. Have any of our readers
any experience with it ? — Ed. G. M.]

Chionodox A.— Almost all the popular spring
flowers are members of old families. Snowdrops,
crocus, tulips and so forth. There have been few
additions to the old lists. In Europe, however,

man's pipe vine is a familiar example, have two new I ^^g Chionodoxa, or " Snow-glory," seems to have

illustrations in Mr. Bull's catalogue now before us.
One, Aristolochia elegans, was noted by several
correspondents in our magazine last year. The
other, A. ridicula, does honor to its name. A
little imagination will regard them as like the
head of a donkey, with its huge ears spread. It
is thus described by Mr. Bull :

" A very remarkable and most interesting new
species introduced from Brazil. The tube of the '
flower is from 3 'A to 4'^ inches long, abruptly
contracted and then bent upon itself below the
middle, the basal part being much inflated ; the ' the representative of the Minister of Agriculture
upper portion somewhat conical, widening towards | of Japan, Mr. Hida, the Editor was assured that

come to stay. Some of the dealers offer the roots
by the ten or twenty thousand.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Long Clusters of Wistarla..— The statement
made in some catalogues that the racemes of
Wistaria, will often reach 3 feet in length in China,
has been doubted. In a recent conversation with

the mouth, which is prolonged into two ascending
and backwardly directed lobes, diverging from
each other at an obtuse angle. The entire limb is
of a tawny color, closely covered with dendritic
dark brownish purple reticulations on a cream-
colored ground ; the lobes are dark with light
reticulations, and are sparsely covered with clavate
dark purple brown hairs. The bright green
leaves are orbicular reniform, with an entire
margin ; the entire plant, stems, leaves and flowers
being covered with hair."

" Japanese Hop. — The new Japanese hop which

they certainly often reach that length. On the
Editor's grounds the longest this year measured
thirteen inches.

The Texas Blue Grass. — This is Poa arach-
nifera, and is very highly spoken of as a good
grass for the South.

Mowing Heavy Slopes.— "J. W. L.," says:
" In cutting grass with a lawn mower on a slope
of considerable inclination, the method custo-
was introduced last season, proved with me, a marily followed, at least by the gardeners for the
capital thirtg for covering summer-houses, poles, ] railroad companies, is, to attach a rope to the user
and lattice-work screens with fohage. Planted in ^^ ^^^ machine, said rope to be held by an assist-
good sou, It makes an exceedingly rapid growth, 1 , , , , , , a j

tnd quickly covers a large space with its bright ant standing on the top of the bank. A second
green foliage. Although well acquainted with all rope is also frequently attached to the machine
the plants of scandent habit suitable for growing 1 itself, and is held by a second assistant. The
in the open, I do not know of one that can equal j ^^^^ j^ certainly onerous for the man working the
It, taking robust habit and effective appearance 1 . ■' .u a j • ^f /^r,^

into consideration. The leaves of the Japanese \ machine, yet in watching the floundering of one
.hop are not unhke those of the common hop, with ' so occupied at one of Germantown's West-side

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

railway stations, it occurred to me that the operator
might have saved a good deal of strength and
perspiration, have cut a less ludicrous figure, and
have performed the work more expertly and satis-
factorily, had he been provided with a pair of
shoes having deeply corrugated soles, such as are
used by lawn tennis players. I so advised him.
Is there any worth in the suggestion, and does the
Editor know whether shoes of the kind referred
to are used as indicated ? "

[The suggestion is a valuable one. It is, how-
ever, a matter wholly for experiment. So far as
we know, it has never been tried in that way. —
Ed. G. M.]

Kalmia latifolia. — "Miss S. E. P.," St.
Joseph, Michigan, makes the following inquiry re-
specting the beautiful wood laurel : " Is Kalmia
latifolia perfectly hardy, if not, would it flourish
in a greenhouse ? Is Aristolochia elegans all
somebody's fancy has painted it ? I have been a
faithful student of the Monthly for many years.
There is no literature so welcome and delightful as
that found in its pages."

[Some plants of the family of Ericaceae, to
which Kalmia belongs —Rhododendron for in-
stance— do not do well in limestone soils. It is
many years ago since the Editor was at St. Joseph,
but to the best of his recollection the town is on
a high limestone blufif, and this may be against
success with the Kalmia. It is not probably the
limestone Itself that proves inimical to these
plants, but the pasty soil that results from decom-
posed limestone. These plants have very fine
hair-like roots, that require a large amount o\
moist air, and hence they thrive only in what is
called a spongy or porous soil. The Editor has
seen the Mountain Laurel, Rhododendron maxi-
mum, thriving among loose limestone rock where
the debris had a chance to wash away, in the
Allegheny Mountains. It is more than likely that
if a little care was made to arrange a porous soil,
as we would for Rhododendrons, the Kalmia
would be hardy at St. Joseph, and similar situa-
tions. A plant is tender, or gets killed under a
low temperature, when it is not perfectly healthy
through improper soil. In a tub or large pot for
a greenhouse or conservatory, the Kalmia ought
to do admirably, because there should be no dif-
ficulty,, by adding quantities of broken stone or
brick, in making the earth as porous as desirable.
—Ed. G. M.]

A Fine Hermosa Rose.— In a postscript— al-
ways the best part of a lady's letter — we read :

"New roses you say— give me the old roses a
while longer yet ! I have a Hermosa 6 feet high
and 3 feet through. I dare not try to count the
flowers, but I can safely say there are hundreds
of them." We do not care particularly to have
our friend beaten ; but if any one has a finer,
fair play will demand that we give the figures a
place in our columns.

Styrax Obessa. — A correspondent complains
that in ordering this plant from Europe, he re-
ceived the same thing that a year ago he got from
there as Pterostyrax hispida, and he is angry at
such a fraud. But we believe it is understood that
the names are botanical synonyms which the
nurseryman could not help.

Milk in the Norway Maple.— •• F. W.,"
Newark, Wayne Co., New York, writes: ''On
examining Acer plantanoides growing here as a
street tree, I am surprised to find the young growth

' abounding in milky juice of the same appearance
and consistency, thickening and turning dark on
evaporation, and nearly as abundant as the com-
mon milk weed. I examined all our native
maples, including Negundo, also Norway Maple,

I but find no traces of it. I would suppose any-
thing of so specific character would be noticed,

I but in none of the botanical works to which I have

1 access do I find it mentioned. On referring it to
our county botanist he was not aware of it."

[The thick milky sap in the Norway Maple
ought to be well known to the county botanist,

! for it is on record everywhere in European works

! relating to the Norway Maple. Kunth's "Synop-
sis," which every working botanist would want to
possess, says, "Acer platanoides ; Lactescens," &c.
Don's " Dictionary " reads : " The leaves are sel-
dom eaten or defaced by insects, because the tree
abounds in a sharp milky juice disliked by them."
We need not even go to European works. Darl-
ington's " Flora Cestrica " or the plants of Chester
County, Pennsylvania, says, " the leaves are lac-
tescent— its milky juice prevents the ravages of
insects." These books we quote simply because
they are at hand.

We are glad our correspondent has called our
attention to it, for it is one of the valuable facts in
connection with the Norway Maple it is well not
to forget.— Ed. G. M.]

! Beautiful Carnations. — Mr. W. J. Chinnick,
Trenton, N. J., sends us a box of Seedling Carna-
tions of the old fashioned, summer blooming
strain. These are very good— some of them
equal to what they were in the olden times, when'

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

the carnation was a choice florists' flower, and
named kinds as common as Dahlias are now.
The sight of these beautiful seedling carnations
makes one wish that the old florist love for these
charming flowers, which bred them up to accepted
standards of beauty, could be resurrected.

The Puritan Rose. — The entire stock of this
beautiful rose has been purchased by Mr. A. B.
Elliott, of Pittsburg, Pa. It is likely to be appre-
ciated by the general lover of roses as well as by

the cut flower grower — a point which cannot be
said of many new roses of recent introduction,
which have only a florist's value in them.

Combination Plants. — A correspondent tells
us that if there is any prettier combination to be
made between climbing plants than the Chinese
Wistaria and the Akebia, as growing over the
house of Captain Landis at Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, she would like to know. It is represented
as a beautiful sight to see.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE AMERICAN BEAUTY ROSE.
BY D. M. DUNNING.

I enclose you herewith an article translated
from the French, as published in the Journal des
Roses for May, just at hand, in which the writer,
a German florist, claims that our celebrated
American Beauty Rose is identical with the old
French variety Mad. Ferdinand J amain.

While such a denoiiment would not be very
acceptable to our American florists, who have
taken great pride in our celebrated Beauty as an
American production, still it may be well to ad-
mit, in the way of preparing ourselves for such
a conclusion if necessary, that prominent florists
in Washington who are thoroughly conversant with
the circumstances of its reputed origin there, have,
ever since its introduction, had very grave doubts
as to its being an American seedling, and in con-
versation with one of them recently, he so ex-
pressed himself to the writer in very decided
terms.

EUwanger describes Madam Ferdinand Jamain
as a hybrid remontant of moderate growth, raised
by Ledechaux in 1875, deep rose, cupped form,
highly scented.

This corresponds closely to American Beauty,
except, perhaps, as to the growth ; and in the
open air it really is only of moderate growth, cer-
tainly no stronger than Hippolyte Jamain, Victor
Verdier and others, also described by EUwanger
as of moderate growth.

The discovery of its excellent forcing qualities,
was undoubtedly the principal cause of its rapid
introduction in this country, as, aside from its

superb fragrance, it is not, to many people, an
attractive rose. Some thoughts brought out by
the foregoing are : Have we not already many
roses with excellent qualities, slumbering among
the ranks of the discarded ? Would it not be
profitable to expend a portion of the time and
energy now so freely given to the production of
new varieties, towards investigating the merits of
some of the old?

The article from Journal des Roses is as follows :

"AMERICAN beauty,
"Or How the Old Beauties Become Young Again.

"The desire of an ' impressario ' that his prima
donna may appear young and beautiful as long
as possible to her adorers, is very easy to explain.
That one be able to put back old age, or rather to
render young again that which is old, is found to
be impossible.

" However, when in the popular German life
they speak of the ' Mill of the You*h,' it shows the
general desire that this change might take place.
That among the Damask roses, old beauties have
been again introduced as young by modern
speculators in the trade of roses, is what we have
seen already several times; for instance, La
Reine, Beauty of Glazenwood, Celine Forestier
and others.

" However, a few years since they found it good
and profitable in America to make appear on the
scene of roses, as 'American Beauty,' a French
rose of good reputation and acknowledged su-
periority, viz.: Madame Ferdinand Jamain (Ledi-
chaux, 1875) whose worth had not been sufficiently
acknowledged or appreciated. And this rose which
has two names now, and becomes young again
through the needed advertisement sent beforehand,
had in America an approbation almost universal,
and has caused a great sensation. We perceive
that in the circle where it made its first appear-
ance in Europe, it was received with the greatest
attention, and that our German Rosenbarnum
seized immediately the favorable occasion, al-

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

though not the only seller, to make a great deal
of money out of it. It is not surprising that on
account of the American advertisement, and of the
attractive qualities of this rose, people made up
their minds to recommend it and to help to its
propagation. It is distinguished by its large size,
beautiful buds, long and thick, which develop
themselves in the cup-shaped form, and have an
extremely strong perfume of centifolia ; a strong
growth, and free bloomer, but over all by its
great value as a forcing rose, so great that in one
same period of forced culture it blooms again, and
almost every shoot bears a flower.

" Having lost almost entirely the first acquisition
of this so-called new rose, and that, thanks to the
Reblausconvention, which obliges the rose bushes
to pass through England and Belgium, I was not
able at first to decide on its qualities. In spite of
that, after having seen several flowers of it, I
declared in the first meeting of horticulturists on
the 4th of April 1887, that I recognized in Ameri-
can Beauty the variety Madam Ferdinand Jamain.

" In my article in the Hamburger Garten and
Blumenzeitung on the new American roses for
forced culture, which I sent in February, I was
showing on this subject that the American rose
was similar to Madam Ferdinand Jamain, Already
before the appearance of this last rose, whose
worth for forced culture I had recognized, I
strongly multiplied it during several years, but I
found very few buyers for the flowers, or the
plants, because in spite of all its other good qual-
ities, the cherry red color of its flowers did not
please here. After my observations 1 have now to
maintain the above assertions, that we are treating
of a synonym, caused by the happy stroke of the
pen of a clever American speculator, or by mis-
take, or perhaps by ignorance.

" Any how the American Beauty does not
deserve to be indicated as new, nor to be spread
as such.

" Referring to what precedes, I will at the same
time make the remark, that on account of what is
established here above, I greatly reduce my de-
mand for American Beauty, though I have large
stocks and orders for it.

Fr. Harms, Rosarian, Hamburgh."
Auburn, N. V., May 24th.

[Mr. Dunning's views correspond wholly with
ours, and we think the European article unneces-
sarily sharp. There is a vast difference between
an intention to deceive, and a deliberate attempt at
fraud. In this case some one discovered that a
rose had great merit. Suppose it was an old rose,
no one knew that it had any merit. We hold that
a man who discovers a new merit is as much
entitled to reward as one who discovers a new
rose. Mr. Harms, it appears was very well
acquainted with the rose Madame Ferdinand
Jamain — but he did not seem to think it was par-
ticularly remarkable ; at least he made no particu-
lar sales.

It is all very well to refer its great success to

"American advertisement," but its good qualities
backed up the advertisement. Mr. H. sees now
that it is "distinguished by" a host of good
points. He may have seen them before — certain
it is that he could not work off his stock. He
found " few buyers " for all his acute perception
of its many beauties.

We will venture to say that if the good points
put forward by Mr. Harms had been presented
with its proper name, the "American Speculator"
would have made just as much money out of it, as
under the name of American Beauty, Even
should he buy it over again under its mistaken
name, he would at least have the satisfaction of
learning that he had a prize in something of which
he was before ignorant.

It is, of course, not right to rush things out as
new when a httle care would show they were old.
More care in this respect would be desirable. But
in this case people have not lost very much by
the mistake — if mistake it be. — Ed. G. M.]

THE CLIVIA.

BV LOUIS SECKHOUTE.

The Clivia or Imantophyllum is an old plant of
the family of Amaryllideae. Since a long time,
we possess two very distinct species — the Clivia
miniata and the CUvia nobilis. The flower of the
former is comparatively large, with six petals of
an orange-reddish color, turning to yellow towards
the centre ; the flower is wide open, with Iree
petals, erected and gathered in spikes. But the
Clivia nobilis flowers are drooping, smaller, of an
orange color with green tops, and very little open.
By crossing these two species, the C. cyrthanti-
flora is raised. This hybrid has the habit of C.
nobilis, but the flowers are intermediate between
the two above named species. About twelve to
fifteen years ago, a new strain of Clivia made its
appearance. I say strain or breed, and not a
species or hybrid, as the plants in question are
only perfected Clivia miniata ; they are generally
known by the name of Clivia with large flowers,
and we need not hesitate to say they are one of
the greatest conquests made in horticulture. The
plants were obtained in this way. Seeds of Clivia
miniata were sown, and produced plants, the
flowers of which differed a little from the old type.
Of course the best ones were kept, and in this
way we obtained flowers different from the genuine
species. In one, the color was darker ; in another,
the centre of the flower was of lighter yellow
turning to white ; in still another, the flower was

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

203

larger, better shaped, and the spikes larger and
better furnished. This was the result of care and
patience, because the Clivia seedlings do not
flower until the fourth year. If there should have
been another species of Clivia in the way of the
miniata, having about the same shape and a
better color, no doubt we should have come to as
good results in a shorter way. The first varieties
of this species were :

Clivia jniniata roduslum— of which the color is
only a little varying, but the flowers better shaped
and on enormous spikes.

C. tn. Vanhouttei. — Color darker and large
flowers.

C. m. maximum Vanhouttei. — Perfection of the
former.

C. in. splendens. — Having the small foliage of
the common miniata, but flowers and spikes
greatly improved in size, shape and color.

C. m. perfectum.—Oi a dark color and a beau-
tiful shape.

C. Julianna. — Flowers large.

C. m. Mile. VanAoutte.— Much improved, both
in color and size and shape.

C. m. Seckhoutei. — Very large flowers and
lively color, with nearly white centre, enormous
spikes.

C. m. Lindeni. — This is one of the varieties
noted for the good shape and the beauty of its
flower. The middle of the flower is of a yellowish
white color.

All these were the first obtained, with a few
others beside. All were quite diff'erent from the
old species (miniata), and it is by the aid of them,
and by repeated crossings, are obtained this lovely
strain of Clivias generally known by the name of
Clivias with large flowers. The growth of Clivias
is very easy. These plants can stand above
freezing point any temperature, even cold or warm.
To have the plants in perfection, put them in a
medium temperature, half-shaded and moderately
moist. S. Denis, Westrem, near Ghent, Belgium.

tioned, rather than take my word for it. It, the
plant, really a young one, not being yet planted
three years, must have covered 10 to 12 feet in
length, and from 2 to 4 in width, every end of
branch, indeed all the upper part trained upon the
rafter and partition, being densely covered with
its rosy bracts. It was a small plant three years
ago this coming fall, bought of Charles H. Miller,
and was probably one-third of an inch in diam-
eter at the base of stem ; was planted near a pillar
in north end of greenhouse, which place did not
seem desirable, so it was transplanted to its pres-
ent position, that winter of '85, when it immedi-
ately bloomed and theugh still small was a mass
of flowers. It continued to grow vigorously, but
did not bloom the second spring ; and this past
spring, thinking we would make it bloom, finally
cut the roots and lifted it bodily from its place in
the border, removed some of the soil, filled in
pieces of broken pots, stones, shells and rubbish,
and dropped the ball into its place again — when
almost as soon as it regained its freshness — com-
menced to show its little green leaves, which grew
into rosy bracts. The plant has now over an inch
in diameter in stem, but lost many of its leaves
while blooming. It has a south-western exposure.
Thinking this experience might be of benefit to
others who have an unruly plant, I have written
thus. Sharon Hill, Delaware Co. Pa.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

NOTE ON BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS
BY MARY B. CONARD.

It is no doubt a gratification to most people to
see their names in public print, and after seeing
mine in the present month's issue of the Garden-
ers' Monthly, in connection with the Bougain-
villea spectabilis, which has been described by
proxy, I have felt how much greater would have
been my gratification, had the Editor seen with
his own eyes the beautiful Bougainvillea men-

IronStemmed Tree Carnations. — An effort
has been made in France to produce winter
flowering Carnations that should retain their
flowers erect on their stalks. This has been suc-
cessfully accomplished, and "remontants" with
"Tige de Fer " are now becoming the popular _
carnations there.

Cut Roses from America. — The most re-
markable exhibit at the last meeting of the Floral
Committee on the 12th inst. consisted in some cut
blooms of Tea Rose Puritan, which left New
York on the 2d inst, and arrived in the docks at
Liverpool at 2 A. M. on April 11. A messenger
was awaiting their arrival, who, having secured
his prize, left Liverpool by the 3 A. M. express,
and delivered the roses to Mr. William Paul at
j Waltham Cross at 10 A. M. We commend this
I little history to members of Cobden Club, to
Protectionists, Free Traders, and Fair Traders, as
a nice problem in political economy. Here is a
\ British rose raiser (Mr. Bennett), who raises a

204

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

beautiful rose, and, doubtless for a consideration,
sends it out of the country. Another rose raiser
re-imports it in the form of cut blooms, having
doubtless in his turn made some commercial ar-
rangements with the American growers. But
while the economists are discussing this question,
is there not just a shade of a fear that the English
flower-forcer may once more be beaten out of the
market by the foreigner ?— that is, if we are to con-
sider the Americans as foreigners. Poor British
grower: he gets no more than a halfpenny a pound
for his tobacco, and New York competes with him
in the matter of cut roses. In any case it was a
remarkable feat, for the full particulars of which
we refer our readers to our report of the meeting
in another column. — Gardeners' Chrotiicle.

COLEONEMA ALBA. — Those interested in cut
flowers may profit by the following hints re-
garding a pretty plant from the Cape of Good
Hope, which we find in the London Gardening
World:

"A very pretty evergreen shrub, the Diosma
alba of Linnasus, is used at the Cape in bouquets,
intermingled among the flowers, in the same way
as small subdivisions of Adiantum are commonly
employed. The ladies say it is ' everlasting wear,'
and survives a long series of dances better than
Adiantum. Grown in gardens, it assumes a luxur-
iant habit, and forms long, slender sprays of deli-
cate green, and it is the young growth that is sel-
ected by the bouquetist. The scent, unlike most
Diosmese, is pleasant, and the foliage outlasts ten-
fold the quickly withering Fern fronds it replaces.
The plant is raised without difficulty from seed,
which, however, is rarely to be found in com-
merce. All the Diosmeae have a peculiar trick of
everting the inner lay°r of the capsule with a jerk
when the seed is ripe, and this makes the gather-
ing of seed very slow and unremunerative."

The Holy Ghost Plant, or Dove Orchid. —
A correspondent of the Garden says the flowers
make admirable button-hole bouquets and are in
great request by those who like to have some-
thing out of the common line, and still have that
which is handsome and beautiful. By peculiar
culture they flower freely and large numbers may
be had by the lover of cut flowers. The plant is
readily obtained by orchid lovers in America
from Central America, and it is becoming not un-
common in our gardens. The correspondent thus
tells how he grows it so well :

" My plan is to pot high, place a heavy coating
of moss on the top of the soil, and to give weak
manure water once or twice a week. I cover the
big, white, worm-like roots as they make their ap-
pearance through the moss with more of the same
material. If the plant is in a large pot the bulbs
get proportionately large. Never let the plant

want for water at the roots, and give it a gentle
dewing over-head after bright days. Shade but
moderately while the plant is growing, and do not
be afraid of moisture around it ; expose it to the
sun and a dryer atmosphere afterwards, and give
less water, so as to induce rest. If I had to start
a bulb just sent me, I should pot it in very rough
soil consisting of two parts sandy loam, one part
i leaf-mould — not fine, but rough — one part mush-
room manure, some charcoal, and a few inch
bones placed in a well-drained pot. I would give
but little water until it had started fairly into
growth. I would keep the atmosphere moist, but
I would not syringe overhead until the foliage was
a good size. If surfaced with moss as stated
above it will be found that the plant will grow all
the better for it."

Watering Fine Seeds.— Mr. J. T. Saltan,
Little Efiford, Plymouth, has forwarded us an in-
genious, inexpensive, and useful contrivance which
he employs for lessening the stream of water flow-
ing from a watering-pot, as is often necessary
when watering small plants, cuttings, &c. The
1 usual way of securing the end in view is by partly
I blocking the orifice by the finger. Mr. Saltan
procures a cork, and burns a hole through its
I centre by means of a hot iron, and then inserts a
portion of a goose-quill which is slightly longer
than the cork itself. The cork tapers so that it
will suit almost any can. We think our readers
may find the contrivance of use, and one that
anybody can easily manufacture for himself. —
Gardeners' Chronicle.

Plants as Sanitary Agents. — The Thera-
peutic Gazette, does not seem to admire Dr.
Anders' suggestions that plants in dwelling rooms
may often be productive of good sanitary results.
I It has more faith in calomel and jalap, or sulphur
and molasses, than a lot of nice flowers. It there-
fore makes a thrust at Dr. Anders thusly :
I "Then there is the question of the diseases of
plants, house plants being peculiarly liable to
! disease. Ttiat a very innocent disease of a plant
may be a cause of a very serious disease in
another plant is also known. Then there is the
question of the sanitary condition of plant earth,
the questionable soil in which they are potted, the
' more questionable but indispensable fertilizers, and
the still more questionable fermentation and un-
seen growth in the damp and often sour soil. All
these things and more are worthy of consideration
before we rush wildly to the florist's rather than to
the neighboring pharmacy when sickness breaks
I out in our families. Were the rosy view of the
' author to be applied, we should soon be prescrib-
ing carnation pinks and rhododendrons as freely
as we now do pills, and the florist on the corner
would grow in wisdom and pecuniary stature,
while the patient apothecary would dwindle ; poly-
pharmacy would have its analogue in the poly-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

205

florist, who would order his flowers by the
bouquet, and the worse the case the more the
floral variety. The whole scheme of course needs
practical development, but there is no doubt that
the developer would appear, if he has not already.
And where, then, would homeopathy be, and its
sugar and its dilutions ? The floral physician
called to an urgent case, say of pulmonary hem-
orrhage, writes hastily and illegibly for ten
monkey-flowers and a magnolia, with six lively
pine-trees. The servant hastens to the florist, the

florist's boy hastens back with a push cart and in a
trice the plants are deposited by the bedside of the
sufferer. She smiles feebly. The potent influence
of properly-selected plant-hfe, assisted by the
active remedial power of scientifically-applied
plant perfume, does its work. She is saved ! No
nauseous doses, but " nature's own remedy," as
the specific advertisements put it. How simple
and touching, then, the position of the floral phy-
sician while the grateful family surround him and
present him with the magnolia ! "

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

PROGRESSIVE HORTICULTURE — NOTES
ON THE GARDEN OF PIERRE LORIL-
LARD, ESQ.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

Presuming a few remarks about snowballs —
especially while the weather is excessively hot —
may not have a tendency to give any one the
chills, I feel encouraged herewith to give a few
facts about them, as they were seen on the estate
of Pierre Lorillard, Esq., Jobstown, N. J,, on the
19th of May.

It may possibly surprise the reader, when in-
formed that the snowballs I write of, did not melt
away, as they might be supposed to do, beneath
the bright, warm rays of the meridian sun. On
the contrary, they seemed to increase in size,
rather than diminish. And yet, they were un-
doubtedly snowballs — after their kind, though not
exactly rounded lumps of cold New Jersey snow,
composed of " frozen water precipitated from the
atmosphere in the form of white crystals," and
compressed into hard balls, but were of the Ori-
ental type, and are known to their admirers as
Japan Snowballs, or Viburnum plicatum. To at-
tempt to describe any thing more beautiful than a
large circular clump of these hardy, free flowering
shrubs, as they then appeared on the lawn, would
be difficult indeed. The striking effect they pro-
duced among other varieties of shrubs and trees,
presented a decided resemblance to a rounded
mound of snow, flecked with green — rising from
the smooth green turf — when viewed from a dis-
tance, so densely were the shapely bushes covered
with floral snowballs. And their pretty, plicated
green leaves appeared quite as attractive as the
comely flowers they bore, when closely examined.

I Although intending to take a general survey of
all things horticultural about this very extensive
establishment, the object in particular I was most
desirous of seeing was the Orchard House. To
simply say I was surprised with what I saw in-
side, would but half express my astonishment ;
for never had I before looked upon better results
from fruit trees in pots or boxes. More vigorous,
or better cropped plum trees than these, I think
would be impossible to find in this or any other
country. And when the reader is informed these
thrifty trees were imported from England about a

t year ago, he too may find something in the facts

i described to wonder at.

The trees, both plums and cherries, would
average from 6 to 8 feet high, and 4 to 6 feet
through ; and most of their deep green leaves
measured from 3;^ inches in breadth to 7^ inches

I long.

I The varieties of plums were Transparent Gage,
Green Gage, Jodoigne Gage, Coe's Golden Drop,
Kerkes and Jefferson. The kinds of cherries se-
lected, were as follows : Early Bigarreau, Elton
Bigarreau, Napoleon Bigarreau, Early Frogmore
Bigarreau, Black Tartarian, May Duke, and St.

j Margaret. The plums, as is usual with them
while under glass, were of perfect form, without
a blemish, and entirely free from the curculio pest,
or any other evil to which they seem heir to in
the garden or orchard outside.

There was also a fine stock of peaches and
nectarines, literally bending with the weight of
fruit they were bearing. All of these were grow-
ing in lo-inch pots, and many of which had pro-
duced from fifty to seventy-five fruit, and were
then just beginning to stone. Of course they
would require thinning out. The peaches were
chiefly the old, though most excellent Royal

2o6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

George; while the nectarines were the fine-
flavored and reliable Lord Napier, favorites every-
where. These were placed in houses devoted to
them in the long range of glass for which the
place is noted, and from which crops of other
kinds had been gathered earlier in the season.

The neatly-trained, healthy, prolific, and hand-
some peach and nectarine trees, which with the
greatest regularity or uniformity possible, closely
covered the wire trellises, beneath which we
walked — under glass — were ripening, as their rich
fruity odor made us aware as soon as we entered
the houses.

Early Beatrice peach and Lord Napier nectarine
are highly esteemed, as each are excellent kinds
for early forcing. But as Mr. John Gardener, the
skillful manager, under whose supervision every-
thing horticultural around us seemed to prosper,
remarked, "we only used sufficient fire-heat to
gently start them, and have not forced them, as
on previous seasons ; they are, consequently, later
than usual."

These also, were imported trees from England,
and are budded upon straight, clean, Kirkes plum
stocks, from 3 to 8 or 9 feet high, according to the
position they each occupy in the various houses
in which they are cultivated. In one house con-
taining eighteen trees— which were planted three
years ago, in the prepared inside border — were
then bearing some four thousand fruit, which Mr.
G. proposes to reduce in number by judicious
thinning out.

There were several houses filled with fine ripe
strawberries in pots and boxes, the last of the
season under glass, which would be succeeded by
those planted in beds outside. From the time
they begin to ripen beneath the sashes, until the
last gatherings are made from the strawberry
grounds, Mr. Lorillard and family will have en-
joyed a six months' strawberry season. Sharpless,
Cumberland and the Parry varieties are mostly
preferred to other kinds.

There were also two large houses well filled
with strong, healthy and productive tomatoes,
which were likewise trained over wire trellises un-
der and near the glass roof, where they had con-
tinued in good bearing condition ever since last
October; and still, from appearances, seemed
able to produce a continuous supply until October
again returns. Of the four houses thus used, two
of them were then filled with healthy grape-vines
— in pots and tubs— and which were at the time
of my visit there showing an excellent crop of
fruit. And thus, no sooner does one crop of what-

ever kind it may be begin to indicate its best days
are over, than it is cleared out and succeeded by
something else specially made ready for that pur-
pose. And in that way a constant succession of
either fruit, vegetables or flowers always seem
ready for picking.

In tubs and pots, large quantities of fruitful fig-
trees were luxuriating. Of the several kinds
under cultivation, Fleming's famous Negro largo
is considered the best, and of which Mr. G. had
succeeded in grafting a goodly number upon the
common fig stocks.

The grape-vines, growing both in pots and in
the borders, were in various stages of growth, and
were promising excellent results.

As a grower of Gardenias, I verily believe the
enterprising cultivator, who may justly feel proud
of his success, has no superior. A cleaner stock
of healthy, floriferous plants, I feel certain was
never seen elsewhere. And some six thousand of
these pure white sweet-scented flowers, had been
cut during the six previous weeks, and without ap-
parently diminishing the number.

Of Orchids, there was a choice collection in
good condition. And the same may be said of
the gorgeous Amaryllis, which is also a favorite
here, and out of two hundred seedlings fertilized
with pollen of the best European species, some-
thing valuable may reasonably be expected.

The Christmas batch of Roses, having had their
day — under glass— earlier on, were removed out-
side ; immense blocks of which were ripening their
wood, ready for similar service when winter returns.

As it would be impossible to enter into close de-
tails, in any description I might attempt, without
occupying too much valuable space, so will ab-
ruptly conclude by saying the visit was a most
agreeable one, and am hopeful of often repeating,
as I feel deeply interested in the able manager's
successful methods of demonstrating progressive
horticulture. Mount Holly, May 28th, 1887.

WOOD ASHES AND PEAR-BLIGHT.

BY ERNEST WALKER.

As to the value of wood ashes in not only pre-
venting but curing blight in the pear, there can be
but little doubt. Coal ashes have been also ad-
vocated and tried, but they have not the same
value ; and when contrary opinion has existed
it originated in the following way. Horticultural
societies have discussed the question a great deal
of late, and the "burden of proof" is with wood
ashes — negative results coming in every case (as

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

207

far as I have learned) from those who had used
coal ashes.

Coal ashes are beneficial, but wood ashes, it
seems, are preventative and curative. In some
cases it may fail, so do what are recognized by
doctors as the best medical remedies.

Mr. Fraily, who resides in the northern portion
of this state, first called my attention to this
remedy. Fifteen years ago a number of pear
trees in his orchard became badly blighted, ap-
parently beyond recovery. One or two of the
trees which he allowed to go too far died. But
the rest he restored to vigor by a coating of wood
ashes under the trees. Since that time he has
kept up this practice and the original trees are
healthy and bearing annually.

In one or two instances where a tree, perchance,
was overlooked, the blight showed signs of reap-
pearance, but by immediate attention he stopped
it in every case by again resorting to wood ashes.

As a remedy here, and in the case of peach
borer, as well as a vegetable tonic, the value of
wood ashes is being recognized, but not as rapidly
or universally as it ought. New AlbaJty, Ind.

[Wood ashes make an excellent fertilizer for
pear trees, and there can be no doubt that any-
thing that adds to the constitutional vigor of a
tree is an aid in resisting disease.

The researches of Prof. Burrill and T. C.
Arthur show that bacteria have so close a rela-
tion to the disease that they are probably the
cause — they say positively they are the cause of
fire Wight in the pear. This being the case it is
not clear how anything apphed to the roots can
be an absolute preventative. Experiences like
these are, however, valuable, as they lead to the
testing of theories, which is always a gain to
practical gardening. — Ed. G. M.]

MANURE FOR STRAWBERRIES.

BY "SEEDLING."

I have read that stable manure is not good for
strawberries. They say — I do not know who, but
I suppose people who are looked up to — that it
makes the plants run to leaf when we want fruit
and not foliage. I am only an amateur and have
only a small garden, but I love that little garden
and the strawberries that grow there. I like to
note how this thing does and that thing does, and
sometimes I think I know as much as " they "
whoever they are. Now — perhaps I may be voted
a horticultural heretic — but I am bound to express
my views, I do not believe stable manure hurts

strawberries one bit, but believe the more they
get the better. There now ! I feel easier. My
mind is relieved.

I like — I am writing as an amateur in a small
way — I like to make a new plantation of straw-
berries every year, and let the plants stand two
years. I like to get the plants as strong as possi-
ble— young runners, and plant in September. But
you ought to see how I manure my bed before I
put the plants in ! Two inches deep;— as rotten
as we can get it, — and the ground dug as deeply
as the fork will go. This lasts for the whole two
years. I hke to preserve the leaves green and
fresh all winter, for ^ou know the strawberry is
naturally an evergreen, and like all evergreens,
suffers by losing its leaves before its time comes.
A very thin layer of rye straw spread over the
plants keeps the leaves green and fresh. This is
so thin that the earth can be seen everywhere
through it. It is surprising how little straw will
keep the leaves green. If I had not straw handy,
I would use leaves, or any other littery matter that
would not blow away. If too deep a layer be
placed over the leaves, it may injure by rotting.
The leaves need only the thickest rays of the sun
broken.

In the spring, as soon as the ground is dry
enough, the ground is hoed to keep from caking,
and also to keep weeds down.

Mulch is often recommended by some writers
to keep the ground cool and nice. My ground
does not need this but it keeps the fruit nice and
clean, so, after the second hoeing, just as the flow-
ers are opening I put corn-stalks, between the
rows right up under the plants ; after the fruit is
gathered, I take up the stalks. In my small patch
of 100 feet by 70 feet this is no great task. I then
keep the ground hoed and clean all summer, cut-
ting off all runners that come between the rows,
but letting the plants grow together in the row if
they will.

The second year is the great year. The treat-
ment is just the same as the year before. I do not
bother about hoeing after this second season's crop
is cut. If however I want to get a few hundred
plants for setting out for a new bed, I fork up a
piece between the rows, well manure it, peg down
the first plants that appear, pinching the runner
back so that it produces only one plant. Then I
have beautiful plants for the September setting.

Now as I have said I am only an amateur, but
I can beat any strawberries I see in the stores. If
any one can tell me how to do better, I would
love to learn. Frankford, Philadelphia.

2o8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Retail Prices in Philadelphia. — Distant
readers often get the wholesale prices of fruits and
vegetables, but it may be of use to have the retail
prices at dififerent dates. On the last day of May
peas raised near Philadelphia brought 25 cents
the half peck ; asparagus, 20 cents a bunch ;
cauliflower (from frames), 15 to 25 cents per
head; beets, 15 to 20 cents a bunch. From
more Southern regions, string beans 70 cents
half peck; onions, 15 cents a quart; cabbage,
8 to 15 cents a head; squashes, 10 to 15 cents
each ; tomatoes, 20 cents a quart ; cucumbers, 10
cents each ; potatoes, 25 cents a quart ; strawber-
ries were 25 cents a quart, and Florida peaches,
small things, 30 cents a quart.

The Strawberry Season in Philadelphia. —
This fairly opened on the 28th of May, when no
less than thirty-five car-loads came into the city
from Maryland and Delaware. The largest ber-
ries wholesaled at 18 to 20 cents a quart. The
average sized, 8 to 12 cents, and smaller stufif at 8
cents. It pays to grow fine fruit. This is never
a drug,

Paris Green for Apple Worms— Beware !
Prof. A. J. Cook, of Agricultural College, Lansing,
Mich., announces: "In Bulletin No. 26, issued
last week from our Department of Zoology and
Entomology, on page 6 a typographical error
makes the proper proportion of Paris Green or
London Purple to water, for spraying apple trees
for the Codling Moth, to be one pound of Paris
Green to two gallons of water ; whereas the pro-
portion should be one pound of Paris Green or
London Purple to two barrels or one hundred
gallons of water."

Preserving Apples from Worms.— At a
meeting of the Michigan Horticultural Society,
W. A. Brown of Benton Harbor said growers in
that vicinity had for three years practiced spray-
ing apple trees with Paris Green with great success.
Sprayed on just after the blossoms fall, the poison
seems to kill ofif the brood of moths that survives
the winter. This brood is small, comparatively,
the main damage being done by the later hatch-
ings. The effect has certainly been marvelous in
making apples perfect, even when the adjoining
orchards were not treated — showing that the moths
migrate but little. There is danger of injury to
trees by use of too strong solution. He used one
pound to 50 gallons of water, but half the quan-
tity is sufficient. W. N. Cook spoke of the

danger to the operator. Do not allow the spray
to be blown back against you.

1 A New Enemy to the Peach Grower. — We
never knew the rose bug, macrorhyncus sub-
vestititus, to be of any serious account to the
j peach grower, but it seems it gives trouble some-
times. Every Evening of Wilmington, Del.,
j prints thirty-four letters from correspondents,
I chiefly peach growers throughout the peninsular
' peach region. The indications in the main are for
j a general yield ranging from fair to good. A sum-
I mary of the reports received shows thirteen good,
fifteen fair and only six poor. The poor reports
come entirely from the edges of the peach belt,
the reports from the heart thereof being uniformly
encouraging, notwithstanding some depredations
by rose bugs, the extent of which cannot yet be
1 determined. This pest was first heard of near
, Greensborough, and spreading thence to the east
and northeast and more slowly westward. Wyom-
ing reports " rose bugs with us, eating up all kinds of
fruit, but do not think they will endanger the peach
crop."

Magnolia reports " rose bugs now biting a good
1 many peaches and other fruits."

Frederica — " Bugs committing great depreda-
tions on young trees ; on old trees they are not so
severe."

j Denton, Md. — " Rose bugs cutting orchards
I and running crops on eastern edge of county ;
j seem to be coming west." Orchards near the bay,
which in some short crop seasons proved con-
i spicuously productive, seem to have suffered
much this year from fogs. The June drop is yet
to come in most localities, but appears to be pretty
well over in Western Sussex and Southern Kent.

The Currant. — This still continues to be one of
the most profitable fruits to the market gardener.
We never hear of any glut in the market with
them, and the price is usually steady at 8 or 10
cents per pound. The best results come from
j somewhat elevated regions. For the latitude of
: Pennsylvania better fruit is had from an elevation
of 1,000 feet, than from plateaus near the sea.
In low flat lands they lose their leaves early, and
the fruit next year is small in consequence.

The Foreign Grape in America.— The nu-
merous efforts to succeed with the foreign grape
[ on the eastern slope of the American Continent,
1 have always proved failures — of late years all at-
j tempts have been abandoned. It is, however,
I pleasant to find that there are some who continue
! to hope, and to try, and we are all praying that

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

209

they may have the best of success. The very in-
telligent German gardener to a gentleman near |
Philadelphia, feels so sure of success, that some
thousand plants imported from the Old Woild, j
have been set out by this gentleman. In order to
insure success, no effort has been spared. Men
have been employed for many days in sub-soiling I
the ground two feet deep, after the Old World
style, and it has been highly enriched. The re- 1
suit of this experiment on this elaborate scale will
be looked for with great interest. j

Celery Growing in Small Gardens. — The
market grower has to do things in a very different i
manner from the amateur. With the former, profit
is the first consideration. The latter aims chiefly j
at excellence. From an amateur's stand-point, the
following chapter on celery from the Garden is
one of the best we have ever read— and though |
written for the growers of England, will furnish
excellent hints for our people : |

" In many gardens, especially small ones, celery j
is the only salad plant to be found in winter, and, 1
apart from its value in this way, it is also most
acceptable as a culinary vegetable. No labor '
should therefore be spared to make the supply of;
it as plentiful and good as possible, but celery
which might be in prime condition in August and
September will not be of much value now, as it [
becomes soft in the centre and not so crisp and [
firm as when it is approaching full size. The best j
celery for winter use is that which is now only j
about three parts grown, and spring celery need i
not be more than half grown at the present time. [
The winter celery crop should extend from No-
vember until March. Its most injurious enemies
are damp and frost. Deep trenches on each side
of the plants will help greatly to drain off super-
fluous moisture from them, and where there are
only one or two rows together a good bank of soil 1
put against them (as is done in earthing up) will 1
prevent a great deal of rain from reaching tbe •
plants, as it will fall on the sides and run off. A 1
quantity of finely sifted ashes if placed round the '
plants at the last earthing up will prevent them to i
a great extent from decay, as the ashes do not
cling to the leaves like sticky soil. All earthing
up of winter celery should be completed as soon
as possible, and it is most important that the soil
be prevented from falling into the centres of the '
plants. This is injurious at all times, but more ,
particularly now, as damp earth will cause the in-
terior of the plants to quickly decay. If each
plant is tied up firmly with a piece of matting be-
fore earthing, and it is afterwards removed, earth-
ing up will be more easily and safely done than
when untied. I do not approve of lifting a large
quantity of celery and keeping it stored away for
use. This plan is convenient if practiced before
a protracted frost sets in, but it does not possess
any other advantage. The plants should be well
protected in the trenches at such times, and this

may be done by putting a good band of hay or
straw round each, but it is not safe to allow this
to remain on when there is no frost, as it may
cause the plants to perish from damp. Timely
protection is the secret of successful preservation ;
there is little or no use in covering them up after
the leaves have been almost reduced to a pulp by
frost. — J. Miiir."

A Poisonous Mushroom.— The Revue Horti.
cole says that Agaricus bulbosus vernus, killed
thirteen persons last year, within the knowledge
of Professor Planchon, of Montpellier.

NEW FRUITS & VEGETABLES.

New Fruits.-— Scarcely a season passes with-
out a sort of exciting anticipation over the trials
with new fruits. But the past spring there has
been little of it. The season is passing and no
fog horns are blowing, and the old regular line
vessels seem to have clear sailing before them.
Has the public became satiated ? or simply
confused with the immense number which have
been in the past presented as the most wonderful
discovery ever made .? We hope, however, the
reaction will not push us to the opposite extreme.
There is generally a steady advance, and we hope
our friends will keep us posted, if a really good
fruit appears among the host of novelties offered
from time to time.

White Gros Colmar Grape.— There has not,
of late years, been any good addition to the list
of hot-house grapes. Among late keepers, the
Gros Colmar is a well-known black, and popular.
A white Gros Colmar has appeared in England,
and is said to bear as good as its black namesake.

Stachys affinis.— At one of the recent meet-
ings of the National Horticultural Society of
France, M, Chappellier exhibited tubers of this
new esculent from Japan, which is of the easiest
possible cultivation, and which may be planted at
any season of the year. Two or three tufts yield
sufficient tubers for a dish. They contain no
starch, but instead of it the substance known as
inulin, the main constituent of Jerusalem Arti-
chokes. It is to be hoped we may soon have an
opportunity of testing the value of the plant here,
for if all be true that is said concerning it, it will
be valuable for cottagers. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Pistillate Strawberries. — "Homer:" There
are strawberries without stamens; of which the

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

(July.

Crescent is a modern example. They will not
bear strawberries, unless pollen from other kinds
that have stamens reach them. This is probably
why yours are barren. These sexual characters
are not absolute, as sometimes a variety that has
no stamens will develop them ; but the characters
are permanent enough to make a practical dis-
tinction. The Hermaphrodite strawberries are
those which have stamens and pistils in the same
flowers. They are always reliable for a crop.
Once in a while a Hermaphrodite will abort their
pistils, producing only stamens. This occasionally
happens to the Albany seedling, and your barren
plants may be a case of this kind. You will learn
much by a careful study of the flowers in the differ-
ent kinds of strawberries. Take a pocket lens with
you when you go to your garden. A fruit-grower
should never be without a lens.

Summer Pruning of Grapes.— "An Amateur
who is learning," Wilmington, Del : There is no
art in summer pruning grapes. Simply do not
allow any shoots to grow that you do not want to
retain next year. Go over the plants occasionally,
and rub out with the finger and thumb the sprouts
you do not want. This is particularly desirable in
young vines. This is all there is in summer
pruning grapes.

The Ives Grape in Georgia. — " B. L.," At-
lanta : Mr. Berckmans can possibly give you
further information ; but it is no reason that the
Ives was good for nothing but wine in Ohio, that
it should not be a good table grape in Georgia.
The Editor has eaten Ives in Tennessee, that were
good enough for a very critical taste. No one
knows exactly why, but it is certain quality varies
remarkably with location in grapes.

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

TREES, THEIR USE AND BEAUTY,
BY WM. T. HARDING.

Of the divine origin of trees, no reasonable
doubt can possibly exist in the minds of all
capable of understanding the records of Sacred
Writ. In it, we are informed that "out of the
ground made the Lord God to grow every tree
that is pleasant to the sight and good for food."
And ever since the remote period, when they are
first mentioned as having taken root in the virgin
soil, we may naturally infer that the higher nations
rose in civilization, the more they would admire
and appreciate the arborescent growth the boun-
tiful Creator had provided, so "pleasant to the
sight and good for food."

The many pleasing allusions to trees the Book
contains, assure us the good people in the long
ago were not unmindful of their use and beauty.
And as the voice of God was first heard among
trees in a garden, how natural it seems to us in
these degenerate times, to believe "the groves
were God's first temples ;" and where in leafy se-
clusion fallen man may calmly meditate and
"look through nature up to nature's God."

Without at present presenting further references
to their Biblical history, let us briefly look at them
with aesthetic eyes, where we find them "in mossy

mead and shady dell," and the more we see of
them in their native habitats, or where placed by
the hand of intelligent man, the more we are
likely to love them — yes, to love them. But to
those who may not have opportunities to enjoy a
ramble among them, however much they may de-
sire, I respectfully call attention to what others
have said about them, and to which I will venture
to add a few suggestions and observations of my
own. And by way of illustration, I will quote
from an eminent writer, who, in every sense,
was highly qualified to graphically delineate
whatever subject he essayed to discuss. And in
so doing.I hardly think it possible for poetic
pencil to draw a more enchanting picture of
a sylvan scene, where captivating nature ap-
pears to have so highly excelled in rendering
the balmy greenwood shades so delightful to
meander among, as the following sentimental
lines from the pleasing pen of Sir Walter Scott.

It will be observed, that in every line, the
marvelous strokes of his graphic limning may be
seen ; and in which, the most perfect of artistic
touches imaginable catch the discerning eye and
heart, with enchanting idealic views of lovely
landscapes, and fascinate us with romantic glimpses
of undulating woodlands. And these matchless
sketches, are all exquisitely delineated forest
scenes, descriptively true to nature in their um-
brageous resemblance of arboreal elysians. And

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

as the interesting panorama unrolls before the

mental vision of the reader, and appeals to his

love of the beautiful, makes it difficult to believe

during the engrossing moments, that he is not

actually on the picturesque spot, with which the

sensitive mind is so deeply enamored. And as

the writer transcribes the pleasing pictures of

waving woods, vernal groves, and "each dingle's

bosky depths," and in fancy rambles to where

" The solitary woodlands lay
As slumbering in the summer's ray,"

the refreshing odor of wild flowers, blending with
the scent of graceful fern fronds and green wood-
moss, seems to greet him again. And while thus
delightfully absorbed with the landscape's charms,
imagination returns to where the woodlark's
melodious sonnet, commingles with the sweet
carols of the linnet, finch, blackbird and thrush,
while among the trees, "the wind breathes soft as
lover's sigh."

" 'Tis merry in greenwood— thus runs the old lay,—
In the gladsome month of lively May,
When the wild bird's song on seem and spray,

Invites to forest bower ;
Then rears the ash his airy crest.
Then shines the birch in silver vest,
And the beech in glittering leaves is drest.
And dark between shows the oak's proud breast,

Like a chieftain's frowning tower ;
Though a thousand branches join their screen,
Yet tiie broken sunbeams glance between,
And tip the leaves with lighter green,

With brighter tines the flower :
Dull is the heart that loves not then
The deep recess of wildwood glen.
Where roe and red-deer find slieltering den,

When the sun is in his power."

It is questionable if ever the English language
was couched in a more winsome diction than the
talented author uses in the above lines. His sub-
lime conceptions of the varied charms of natural
scenery, pure and simple, as the Creator designed
it, and, as he viewed it, unmarred by the hand of
man, are truly wonderful, as his inimitable witchery
of word painting proves.

The prosy and facile pen of William Gilpin, in
his " Forest Scenery," has given us many de-
lightful essays upon the subject under notice, both
practical and sentimental ; and are as instructive
as they are pleasant to peruse.

The brilliant, scholarly, though somewhat er-
ratic Byron, who must have often felt " the charm
of a poet's dream," especially when meandering
alone through shady glens and dingles, inhaling
the healthful odors of the grove — while commun-
ing with placid nature, and listening to the peace-
ful sounds of forest life, which gently whispered
soothing words of comfort to his troubled mind —
exclaims, "There is a pleasure in the pathless
woods." Surfeited, and disgusted with " the de-
ceits of the world, the flesh and the devil," as he

was — he knew there was no dissembling there, as
nothing false or untrue — animate, or inanimate, is
a natural denizen there. No, whatever else might
be delusive about the busy haunts of men, all
things there were what they seemed to be. And
who has not experienced— who has lived long
enough — that which the poet expressed in the re-
maining part of that remarkably beautiful stanza?
when reviewing the strange mutations of the past,
while musing in umbrageous solitudes. And many
are the poetic effusions of gifted authors, whose
delight it was to " hold up the mirror to nature,"
when portraying pastoral, or woodland scenes.

Ever since the days when the lofty trees of
" the sacred groves " have " cast their shadows
from on high, for Time to count his ages by," has
contemplative man entered the leafy sanctuary
with reverential feelings. There is invariably a
most pure and satisfactory pleasure to be found
in peaceful arboreal recesses, where, for a time,
we may forget the strife and contentions which
alas ! too often, vex and perplex us elsewhere.
Happily, in some shady silent glen, or beneath
the majestic forest trees, where avaricious man has
not yet destroyed them, we may still enjoy the
cheery smiles of the fair face of Nature, which
never fails to charm the sensitive and appreciative
beholder.

Then again, there is an indescribable grandeur
about massive, stately old trees, which God seems
to have given them to excite our admiration for
His goodness to us poor erring sons of men. No
monument ever built by man, however ponderous,
chaste, or magnificent it may be— and there are
thousands of excellent examples of his skill in
all civilized lands— can compare with arboreous
beauty.

The learned author of the "Arboretum et Fruti-
cetum Britannicum," sensibly remarks, "Trees
are not only in appearance the most striking and
grand objects of the vegetable creation ; but in
reality they are those which contribute most to
human comfort and improvement. Every one
feels that trees are among the grandest and most
ornamental objects of natural scenery. What
would landscapes be without them ? Where
would be the charm of hills, plains, valleys, rocks,
rivers, cascades, lakes, or islands, without the
hanging woods, the widely extended forest, the
open grove, the scattered groups, the varied cloth-
ing, the shade and intricacy, the contrasts, and
variety of form and color, conferred by trees and
shrubs ? " Were such an awful calamity to be-
fall us, as the total destruction of our trees, shrubs,

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I July,

and herbaceous growth, with which at present
the earth is so abundantly clothed, this pleasant
world, heretofore so enjoyable to live in, would
soon become as dismal, dreary, and uninhabit-
able as the sterile sands of the desert, or barren
volcanic slopes, and from the face of which, not
only man, but all respiring nature would soon
cease to exist ; and our planet would become as
uninhabitable as the dead and cold regions of the
moon. And yet, from the constant destruction of i
the forests, which has steadily gone forward ever '
since the first white man began to wield his axe
among them, one might reasonably imagine from ;
the immense number destroyed, that the object
aimed at, was ultimately to sweep them from the
surface of the earth, and thus bring about so sad
a catastrophe.

Possibly, " the bump of destructiveness " had
not developed in the well balanced heads of the i
sons of the soil, ages ago ; and which is at this i
time so conspicuously prominent in the caputs of 1
modern anti-arboriculturists— of this tree murder-
ing generation, who always seem ready to chop ,
down a tree but never find time to plant one.
In France, if a man cuts down one tree he must j
plant two. And were we in this country to adopt j
a similar plan, the immense benefits derived from
it would be incalculable. i

I cannot help thinking, whenever I see some
sour-visaged man deliberately sharpening his axe
to fell a grand old tree— that ought to be spared,
and which all intelligent people, save himself,
would greatly admire, that he must be as wicked
and remorseless as was either Danton, Samson,
Barere, Robespierre, of hateful renown.

Deplorable as is the unrestrained tree slaughter
already accomplished, and upon which the philo-
sophic eye looks with dismay, we are led to en-
quire what must the consequences be to those who
follow us, if so unwise a practice is much longer
pursued ? So true it is, that " coming events cast
their shadows before ; " and yet, the same stupid
apathy continues, regardless of the future. And
those who ought to know better take no heed of
the repeated warnings ; and one of the results
which too often follows, is the appalling destruc-
tion of life and property by tempest and flood.

When large gaps or clearings are made through
the dense forest growth, the howling, pitiless
" storm fiend," swiftly riding on the sweeping
wings of the fearful tornado, or fiercely whirling
cyclone, seems ever ready to rush through the
wide openings the wood-cutter makes, to carry
death and destruction in its path ; and thus lay

waste, where before the gladsome home scenes of
peace and plenty smiled.

Whoever has experienced what a " hard winter "
means, in the cold West, and " felt the icy fang
and churlish chiding of the winter's wind," where
everything ligneous, that once bore a leaf, and
was big enough to form a fence rail, or saw into
fire-wood, has been ruthlessly cut down, without
even leaving a few trees or bushes for wind-breaks
for the poor shivering sheep or cattle to find
shelter under, will remember the sad sights they
have seen of suffering animals huddling together
for mutual warmih and protection. With ex-
tremely rare exceptions, "out West," is any shelter
or protection afforded them, when pelting hail,
chilling rain, drifting snows, and piercing winds,
seem to penetrate the unhappy creatures through
and through. The further we go towards the set-
ting sun, the more frequent will such truthful pict-
ures become, of many such treeless, cheerless
spots, which greedy and unfeeling men have made,
when selfishly determined to get all they possibly
could out of the land, in their time.

The fearful floods, which with much regularity
wreck the homes, devastate the farms, and too
often drown the unfortunate people and their
belongings, may be attributed to the denudation
of the woods and forests ; which when well cleared
off and leveled, afford no means of obstructing
or checking the rushing waters, which after heavy
rains, immediately pour into the overflowing
brooks, creeks and rivers. And lime and again
it has been proved that one of the main causes of
the drying up of the natural water courses, which
used to furnish a constant supply for the animals
about the farms and other purposes, is ascribed
to the same circumstances. True, geological
changes taking place in the earth's structure, may
also affect the springs ; and so may seismic dis-
turbances, but generally speaking, the lack of
trees is more frequently the cause of dried-up rills
and rivulets.

The deep snow drifts which seriously impede
railway travel, and often imperil the lives of the
imprisoned passengers, and cause much suffering
and death to the poor, unhappy dumb animals in
transit, are caused by the keen cutting winds
sweeping the snow from the bare surface of coun-
try over which it falls, in consequence of the in-
sufficiency of trees and bushes to prevent its
drifting and blocking up the iron roads. And the
heavy losses sustained by those financially inter-
ested in railways which run through the snowy
regions, has at last induced them to devise a tern-

1887.J AND HORTICULTURIST. 213

porary method of protecting the roads from ac-
cumulating snows ; and at an enormous expense,
many miles of covered sheds have been built over
the tracks, only to be crushed in beneath the im-
mense weight of snow, beneath which they are

to yield any more to its covetous owner, on ac-
count of his unnatural treatment to poor good
natured goosy — is as useful to " point a moral and
adorn a tale " at this day, as it was in the olden
time. And it would be well to ponder over it, and

buried. As the housing or shed system has not j see if it does not present a parallel to the false
exactly accomplished what the sanguine origi- economy, ungrateful and avaricious men too
nators expected of it, the more sensible and efficient often pursue in their inordinate haste to get rich,
plan of setting out thick plantations of thrifty Professor Rothrock recently remarked : " That
young trees for storm breaks, where they will in spite of the common belief to the contrary, this
have a tendency to check the wind-driven snows, is not a timbered continent, only 16^ per cent, of
will remedy the evil. If liberally planted, of both ' the whole area remaining in timber. This is
eveigreen and deciduous kinds, they will soon within i% per cent, of the condition when a

form natural barriers, against which the blood
freezing " blizzards " may vainly blow. Besides

nation begins to experience a dearth of timber,
and climatic changes begin to take place."

improving and adding so much to the beauty of Now these are starthng facts to make known,
the otherwise dreary sameness of landscape, they and deserve the serious consideration of every
furnish the most effectual means possible of giving body who has any regard for the future welfare of
comfort to man and beast, and through which, i our race. And if, as is often asserted, "history
"He tempers the wind to the shorn lamb." I repeats itself," the fate of this prosperous and

The timber question is a most important one, ' happy land may, in the not distant future, re-
and urgently calls for our serious consideration, semble the fall of empires in the Euphrates Valley,
as the supply of which is rapidly diminishing- which has been attributed to clearing off the
Vast areas of territory, upon which millions of \ timber— as we are informed.

useful trees once flourished, are continually being No wonder that wise, philanthropic and intelli-
disforested by the incessant strokes of the wood- gent individuals, from time immemorial, have
cutter's axe, in order to supply the increasing de- manifested an ardent love for trees, as have also
mands of the voracious and insatiate maw of their revering, cultured descendants, when their
civilization, which is fast devouring all the timber honored predecessors passed away, likewise cher-
it can be fed with, without cessation, yet never ! ished a strong regard for them. For have they
cries hold ! enough. I not been useful, beautiful, comforting, and I may

If the present rate at which it is now being con- add companionable, in every age since our first
sumed goes on for the next fifty years, without at- parents found shelter and bliss among them, be-
tempting to make good the loss by planting young fore the days of toil and trouble began, when
trees, there will be a timber famine in this once sighs and tears were unheard and unseen, and
beautiful tree covered land. Then the unhappy pain and sorrow were unknown,
winter-frozen and summer-scorched people will Those hallowed enclosures, the rural cemeteries,
bitterly curse the money-hunting, lucre-loving j where we at last affectionately deposit our de-
misanthropes, whose greedy propensities brought 1 parted kith and kin in their final resting-places,
them to such a deplorable pass. j would be gloomy places indeed, were it not for

"As ye sow, so shall ye reap," is a trite aphorism, the cheerful effects which the flowers, green grass,
which equally concerns both producer and con- shrubs and trees impart to the sacred spots. And
sumer, and behooves us to study well its implica- j possibly the venerable Abraham was the first man
tion. And this often-quoted text, suggests the who by example, demonstrated a love for trees in
simple, though important query — how long can cemeteries. See Gen. 23, which describes the
anybody possessing the most meagre knowledge first recorded transaction in real estate, when the
of pohtical economy, expect to keep reaping with- patriarch bought "the field of Machpelah," in
out sowing ? \ which he buried the remains of his beloved wife

The ancient fable, about which everyone knows, i Sarah. This interesting circumstance plainly
of the valuable goose which daily laid a golden shows how very sensitive he was for arborescent
tgg, and was a sure source of profit as long as it beauty, when he stipulated for " all the trees that
generously continued to leave an auriferous deposit were in the field, and were in all the borders
in its nest — as history informs us it did with the 1 round about."
greatest regularity possible, until one day it ceased ' Strange as it may appear to those who recognize

214

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJuly,

the grandeur, harmony or beauty of landscape,
that there should exist others so stupidly indifferent
to the charms of nature, so pleasing to the eye of
taste, and yet is unseen by them, and who [never
look upon flower or tree with the least admiration,
or even listen with delight to the httle warblers,
who flit happily among the green bushes with
hearts attuned to love.

That there is an unaccountable antipathy to j
trees, among the ignorant of both rich and poor,
which extends even to the street shade trees in I
country and town, is painfully evident from the
shameful way in which they are carelessly or
purposely abused. For no sooner do the hand-
some trees along the city side-walks attain to a
proper size, to afford an agreeable shade in the
sweltering summer months to the perspiring pedes-
trian, whose blood at fever heat is surging through
his swollen veins, and panting with giddy brain
almost on fire, longs for the shady, cooling,
breathing spot, beneath the thousands of leaf fans
constantly in motion above him, than some taste-
less, soulless, malignant biped, who probably does
not know the name of one tree from another,
thinks it is high time to maltreat and mutilate
them with axe and saw. And the next thing we
see, is the slashing muscular tree-butcher, with '
evil in his eye, bent upon carrying to the bitter
end the baneful designs of the detestable tree-
hater, who hired him to do such a devihsh job.
And this occurs just as if in the illimitable space
above, there was not room enough for them to
gracefully ascend and expand. There is hardly a
street shade tree to be seen large enough to chop
at, that has escaped the cold steel of the vandals,
as their mangled and disfigured appearance silently
testifies to the bad usage inflicted.

As retribution, in some way or other, always
follows acts of injustice, to whosoever wilfully
does wrong, even to a tree, which we are assured
"God saw that it was good," when he gave to it a

living form, and which, to those capable of exer-
cising intellectual tastes, is confessedly a most
beautiful thing.

There would undoubtedly be fewer cases of
sunstroke, if trees were more liberally planted and
encouraged to grow during the heated term we
annually pass through.

And while discussing the subject of shade trees
in particular, before these desultory remarks are
brought to a close, I will venture a word of advice
to all who enjoy "the goodUness of trees," which
not only add to the adornment of our homes,
crowded streets and thoroughfares, but materially
aid in giving health and comfort to those who
use them. Let well enough alone, when you see
a handsome vigorous tree, and do not attempt to
improve their natural grace and beauty by injuring
or disfiguring them with axe or saw in the hands
of some poor ignoramus, who can give no better
reason why he chops this branch off, or spares
the other, or cuts the whole tree down, than he is
paid for what he is doing. And always remember
that when a tree presents a healthy condition, the
immense leaf surface spread around us is one of
Nature's ways of assisting to cool off, and put in
motion the heated atmosphere, and thus render
the surface of the earth as healthy and enjoyable
to man, as it is to the lower orders of creation^
who gratefully accept the inviting shade.

By following these suggestions, not only will
money and health be saved, but the comeliness of
the trees also. Then ligneous deformity, decay
and death, will be the exception rather than the
rule — which too often prevails.

As a last remark, I cannot help quoting how
well Coleridge describes the grateful feehngs of
the appreciative and tender-hearted man, in these

lines :

" He prayetb best, who loveth best,
All things both great and small ;
For the dear God who loveth us,
He made and loveth all."

Mount Holly, New Jersey.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A PRACTICAL GLANCE AT BOTANY.

BY ERNEST WALKER.

Many there are who set a very small estimate
upon the practical value of botany. Not only is
this true of many whose education is entirely

practical ; but of others and not a few who can
boast of more liberal attainments.

By some botany is looked upon as a study, suit-
able only for girls, invalids or " dudes," or as a
mere pastime for luxury. While the more " prac-
tical "says, " Of what value is it to me, or any
body else, hoein' onions or holdin' a plow ta

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

215

know, calyx, corolla, stamen, or pistil, hirsute,
villous, glaucous or truncate ? " " The United
States 'ed' be my Uncle Sam just the same
whether the leaf is entire, or lobed, truncate, or
acuminate ; smooth or villous. All the botany,
chemistry and other sciences ever made ' ed '
never make an onion grow."

The fact is these " practical people " are con-
demning a splendid friend whose acquaintance
they have never made. They see botany as a
dwarf when it is a giant. They look at it with a
pocket lens, and a poor one at that, when it takes a
telescope to view it. They drop themselves down
in a narrow hole in the ground, look up at the sky
and say, " I see but one star and that don't
throw much light in this hole."

What is the trouble ? The question can be
answered in a very brief way. They claim the
world is not round, just because they have not
made the journey or even began. Or the right-
eous distaste of their parents for the hard terms
and names of " old-fashioned " botany they have
inherited in the form of prejudice.

This dislike of our ancestors for the botany of a
few generations ago was not, we must say, very
unjust ; for the subject in those days amounted to
little more than a skeleton, of which the long,
hard names and adjectives were the dry bones ;
and those who were so unfortunate as to get
hungry for botany were fed on these dry bones.
No wonder they didn't reUsh it.

But botany with all other of the natural sci-
ences has made a wonderful development since
those days, and even within our own time. It
now treats of hving things, in a living way, and
with a living interest. And it is taught and to be
learned in the same way. It no longer treats
merely of forms and names, but the things, and
living things themselves, their distribution, their
structure, how they live and what they are good
for ; or in other words, of their important uses, and
relation to man, animals and the inorganic world.
But where are the practical results ? It has un-
folded the secret of diphtheria, scarlet and yellow
fever, cholera, malaria, typhoid fever, putrid sore
throat, catarrh, and a large class of diseases that
for centuries were a mystery.

" But these are the revelations of the micro-
scope." True— but the causes of the diseases
spoken of are plants, and their study and investi-
gation falls within the province of botany.

And not only of many diseases affecting animals
but of those destructive to our most valuable fruits
and crops, such as pear-blight, grape-rot, potato -

rot, wheat-rust, mildew, etc. It has not in all
cases furnished the remedy ; but has afforded
more intelligent methods of fighting such enemies
and a surer and shorter route toward the remedy.
For instance, it tells us of the conditions of their
development and attack ; knowing which we are
often enabled to guard against them.

But for a commoner value. We are not all
doctors, or microscopists, but preachers, mer-
chants, farmers, florists and gardeners.

As for the first class— the Saviour culled some
of his noblest and most effective illustrations along
the by-paths of botany ; and so with other Bible
writers. " Consider the lilies of the field." " I am
the vine," etc.

To merchants botany comes in and makes up a
part of a liberal education. It brings the mind
in contact with nature's beauties, affording a theme
for pure and refreshing thought and conversation
in hours away from business. It leads the mind
from a relish for mere worldliness, greed of gain^
and from the gilded forms of corrupting pleasures
and false in beauty, up, to a higher, more spiritual
and exalted taste— to a love for the truly beautiful
—the beauties of nature— and of nature's God.
And it affords, besides, a pleasant recreation.
Frost — a great botanist— was once a poor and
sickly shoemaker. His physician recommended
botany ; and his excursions to the country and
woods in search of flowers, not only led to health,
but to note as a botanist.

While these remarks apply to all, botany, for
the farmer, florist and gardener, has a special
value. Their daily toil is the art, but botany is.
the science underlying it. E very rule of the art is
a principle or fact of the science. Science suggests
conditions and art merely devises methods for meet-
ing them. A rule of art may be practiced in ignor-
ance from custom, but the above statements are
nevertheless true ; and who can say we do not a
thing better by understanding the " wherefore *'
or the reasons ?

Were an acquaintance with botany more com-
mon among farmers, better success would attend
the sowing of seed, and better fruits and crops
would reward their tillage. The value of drained
land would be better understood, and there would
I be more of it. Whence came all of our improved
1 fruits? They are the outgrowth of a simple fact
of vegetable physiology pertaining to the sexes of
I flowers. Ofcourse cultivation has had itsinfluence,
I but the more rapid progress has issued from
: " crossing," and so it will in the future. The fact
i has opened a new field for science and for the

2l6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

triumph of man, from which the farmer reaps
greatly of the benefits. Should he not study and
assist in the work ?

As to the florist and gardener, whether profes-
sional or amateur, the shortest guide to mastery
and success in either's field is the study of botany.
For botany impresses the fact that plants are liv-
ing things. Do they not grow better if we re-
member this in our care for them ? Botany tells
how they grow. If we comprehend the condi-
tions of growth are we not better able to meet
them ? Botany tells of what climate plants are
natives and whether their home be in the forest,
marsh or mountain side ; or in the desert, air; or
whether parasites ; consequently whispers how to
manage them when we take them into our care;
for immediately we know it is of no use to plant
the water-loving Nymphea in a dry soil, or the
leathery agave in the pond, the aerial orchid in
the common soil, or attempt to compel the wicked
parasite to make its own living.

The science also treats of and investigates the
myriad smaller parasites before alluded to as
sources of animal and plant disease— fungi and
bacteria— and suggests more intelligent methods
of keeping them at bay.

And lastly, if the principles of hybridization
are of use to the farmer or fruit-grower, they are
of equal advantage to the florist and gardener in
the improvement of flowers and vegetables.

But these men are realizing this. Ignorant
gardeners and florists are passing out of date, and
to-day the most successful men of these classes
all over the land are intelligent botanists.

By what I have said I do not mean to imply
that every one can, or is to become a Linnaeus,
Asa Gray, Strasburger, Pasteur. But every one,
by a few leisure hours devoted to reading such
books as Dr. Gray's " How Plants Grow," Lach's
Text Book of Botany ; or, among more recent
works. Vine's, and Bessey's books on plant life,
and these, supplemented by observation and the
personal examination of typical flowers, such as
are to be found in abundance everywhere during
summer, may easily obtain a knowledge sufficient
to be of great value and lead him, perhaps, further
into a delightful field that is as broad as the realm
of vegetation. New Albany, Ind., April 8, 1887.

[This excellent paper of Mr. Walker's will sug-
gest the value of learning, should there still be
anyone left who doubts it. Sometimes we thmk
no one seriously questions it. The one who asks,
What good is there in learning? is simply offering
an excuse for laziness. The farmer or fruit-grower

who would ask. What use is botany or any study ?
will gossip away hours on a barrel in a store over
the most frivolous nonsense ; and even should the
questioner be a person of more intellectual pre-
tensions, the same question of what good ? could
be asked of the half he does in life.

That those who object scarcely mean what they
say is evident to an editor or other prominent ed-
ucators.

The following is a letter on the table to- day
with Mr. Walker's letter. They come by the
hundred during the year, and almost always from
people who have laughed at botany or other
sciences. The time always comes when they are
only too glad to profit by the study they have
laughed at :

"At the suggestion of my friend, of this city, I
send you a sample of grass, and request you to
give me the name of it— the popular name as well
as the botanical one. If you know where the
grass originated, please say. I can find no one
to answer me these questions, and I will be obliged
for a reply. I enclose a postal card."

And here is another :

" We enclose a small branch of a tree. Please
tell us the name of it and oblige." — Ed. G. M.]

A NEW APPLE PEST— THE APPLE-LEAF
FLEA-BEETLE (HALTICA PUNCTIPENNIS
LECONTE).

BY PROF. C. V. RILEY.

As long ago as 1872 I found the larva of a little
flea-beetle known as Haltica punctipennis in Mis-
souri, feeding upon Hawthorn. In 1877 I found
it again in Colorado, but the species has never
been considered injurious until the present year.
This spring, however, it has appeared in great
numbers in the vicinity of Dallas, Tex,, and of
Gainesville, Tex. Mr. J. R. Johnson, of Dallas,
writes that they appeared in great numbers about
the first week in May, and that within two or three
days thereafter they had destroyed his entire lot
of apple and pear grafts. They then removed to
his one and two year old apple trees, Mr. John-
son had never been troubled with them before,
although he remembers to have seen them in Hm-
ited numbers in 1883 upon his young apples.

The habits and general appearance of this new
apple pest are quite similar to those of the grape-
vine flea beetle H. chalybea. The larva is rather
slender, dark yellow-brown in color, with darker
head and prothoracic shield, and each segment
bears fjur transverse dorsal warts. The legs are
black, and project out at the sides of the thorax.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

217

The adult beetle is shining green rather than
steel blue, and is distinguished from the grape-
vine flea beetle by its smaller size and the numer-
ous impressed dots on the thorax and wing
covers.

This insect, although exciting considerable
alarm, will easily be subdued by arsenical poisons,
the use of which is well understood in Texas.
Mr. Johnson has already applied Paris Green in
its dry form with good results.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Hybrid Blackberries. — The Editor of the
Rural New Yorker has succeeded in raising seed-
ling plants of raspberries crossed with the black-
berry. They will fruit in a couple of years.

Cortical Peculiarities in the Plum. —
Some specimens of supposed hybrids between the
peach and the plum were sent to the Academy
for examination. The chief reasons for the belief
that they were hybrids were that they were sterile,
and seemed in leaf and branches intermediate
between the two species. Mr. Meehan observed
that in hybrids between acknowledged species, it
did not follow that the characters should be inter-
mediate. Often there would be scarcely any trace
of the action of the male parent, while at other
times the male would seem to have had a leading
influence. But these plum branches showed no
trace of any intermediate characters, but were
purely plum branches, with no trace of the peach
character about them.

He said he had called the attention of the
Academy on several occasions in the past to the
fact that the bark of trees did not crack from the
mechanical pressure of wood-growth, as so often
taught in botanical text books; but the rifts arose
from the peculiar growth of cork cells, and it was
the character and general direction of these
growths, apparently different in species, that gave
the varied characters to tree bark— characters that
were more or less constant in each species of tree.
A tree could in fact be nearly as well known '
by its bark as by its fruit. The development of!
the cork cells destroyed the cuticle In the cherry
and birch the chief development was in a lateral
direction, and hence we could easily strip sections '
from around branches. In the Abele poplar the
development destroyed the bark to a considerable
depth, and in a quadrangular form. These grad- !
ually met at the points and at once formed deep
furrows up and down the stem. In the plane and

some other trees, the cork cells worked up and
down under thick layers of bark which it threw
off in flakes. But the chief distinction was in the
the period of life when they assumed activity. In
the chestnut (Castanea) it was nearly twenty-five
years before they grew into destructive agencies,
and hence there was smooth bark to the chestnut
for nearly a quarter of a century. In the oak
rough bark from the development of the cork
cells, began at about ten years; in the sassafras at
five years; in some they started at one, and ac-
casionally the same season. In the beech they
grew the first season, and only worked under the
outer cuticle, which -they threw off as fine film
annually. Handling a branch of beech at some
seasons, a filmy deposit would be left in the hands,
which was the fine silky bark of the beech. Hence
the beech had never rough bark. This fact
should show mechanical action has no part in
rifting the bark. Mechanical action should split
a beech as well as any other tree.

Returning to the plum, he remarked that the
development of the cork-cells were in many re-
spects the same as in the beech. They started on
their destructive errand before the annual growth
was fairly over, destroying the thin outer cuticle
as it progressed. It was this that gave the silvery
tint to plum-wood, with which all must be familiar.
This was never seen on peach-wood. This char-
acter was exhibited on all the samples of supposed
hybrids sent. There was nothing whatever to
distinguish them from pure plums so far as this
character was concerned.

As for the flowers, the plants were sterile be-
cause of peculiar abortion in the reproductive
organs. The carpels instead of being consoli-
dated, ending in a single style as in the ordinary
plum, had become distinct, and there were ten
processes difficult to say whether they resembled
stamens or pistils most. There were no attempts
to form perfect stamens or petals, but the bud
scales had a faint rosy margin as if there existed
a slight disposition to make petals out of them.
They were remarkable examples of monstrosity
in plum flowers, but nothing to indicate any action
of the peach therein. They were evidently sterile
because they were monstrous, and not that they
were hybrids. The foliage had a more peachy
look than customary with plums, so far as mere
outline was concerned, but it is well known that
when there was a disturbance of sexual characters,
the whole system of growth was apt to be disturbed.
It was possible the plum and the peach would hy-
bridize. It would be of much interest to science

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

IJuiy.

could the possibility be proved a fact. It was due
to science to say these specimens did not prove it.
The chief interest in the specimens, he thought,
dwelt in the fact that amidst all the changes in
characters brought about by some abnormal
agency, the cortical peculiarities, as influenced
by the cork-cells, remained the same. — Proceed-
ings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Bees Slitting the Flowers of Petunias. —
II jr •• This is now well known. It was the subject
of a paper printed in the proceedings of the Troy
Meeting of the American Association many years
ago— and the fact that humble bees always do
this to any tubular flower they wish to rifle, is gen-
erally known now. They don't care one dip of
honey for arrangements for cross fertilization —
and it has always been a matter of surprise to the
writer that so acute an observer as Mr. Darwin
should have published what he did about the

necessity of bees fertilizing red clover, when, if he
had looked more closely, he would have seen that
the humble bee does not trouble himself about
the floral machinery at all but slits the tube of the
clover as you describe in the petunia, and gtts
the honey from the outside. At least this is the
way the Yankee humble bee does, and he may be
cuter than his English cousin.

A Fine Herbarium, — One of the best private
herbariums in America is owned by Mr. P. V.
LeRoy of Peekskill, West Chester Co.. N. Y. It
has about 25,000 to 30,000 species, though this
includes many of the lower orders of vegetation,
such as mosses and lichens. There are about
9,000 species of North American plants— the others
are from Brazil, Chih, East Indies, China, Japan,
Russia and other parts of Europe. These have
all been correctly named by competent authorities.
Medicinal plants have a prominent place in the
collection, Mr. LeRoy may possibly move from
Peekskill, and friends are wondering what he will
do with these botanical treasures.

LiTMATUM. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE LILY OF THE VALLEY.

BY C. H. S.

Flowers large and flowers showy,

Brighten up the umbrageous dale,
But modest sweetness marks the snowy,

Bell-like, Lily of the Vale.

Fragrance, in its fairy lightness,

Every nook and corner finds,
Envying not the other's brightness,

Envy! rust of meaner minds.

Sweet lady ! Lily ! how like thee
Would I through life's wood humbly wend !

The cup of fragrance, blest in me,
Should cheer the lip of foe and friend.

My cup. my lot, with men to st^are,

In busy shop, or marts of trade.
The bitter dregs of toilsome care

Are absent in the forest's glade.

Sweet lady ! Lily of the Vale !

En wafting sweets on friend and foe,
I'll wander on and tell the tale,

And sow the seeds that thou would'st sow.

The fragrance I may cast around

Will little good, as thine, avail.
Still would I share the holy ground

That loves the Lily of the Vale.

Sterling, Illinois.

[The measure of these verses is imperfect ; as a

specimen of poetical structure it is not above

criticism. We have altered it a little here and

there, and pass it for publication on account of
the good sentiment it expresses. — Ed. G. M,]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Rudbeckia or Golden Daisy.—

" Disk of bronze and ray of gold
Glimmering through the meadow grasses

Burn less proudly ! for behold
Down the field my princess passes.

Hardly should I hold you fair,
Golden, gay midsummer daisies.

But for her, the maiden rare,
Who, amid your starry mazes,
.Makes you splendid with her praises."

—Lucy Larcom.

Railroad Accommodations to Conventions.
— It has always seemed to us in making conces-
sions to large bodies holding meetings, railroad
companies arrange things so as to prevent as
many as possible from taking any advantage.
Rarely half who attend can ever make use of con-
cessions. The pretense, however, brings votes of
thanks and advertises the roads. The railroad
certificates for the Nurserymen's Convention
reached their post-offices on the morning the
convention opened.

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

219

The Pleasures of a Garden.— A New York
correspondent writes: "Just now I am having
an interesting time with roses and strawberries.
Have several acres of the latter and am testing
some twenty varieties, and may send you some-
thing on them soon. I am also getting a great
deal of pleasure from my vinery of foreign
grapes. Have a lean-to 112 feet long— a portion
erected this spring ; some a year ago, and
the first two years ago. Have twenty-seven
vines — seventeen different varieties. My friends
say that the prospect for some ten-inch bunches is
good this year on the two-year vines. Peach
trees are all loaded through Central New York
this year. I have been thinning out for the past
week, taking out about two-thirds."

Over-statements. — The following from Vt'ck's
Magazine deserves wide- spread consideration. It
is not only in connection with flowers; the whole
range of gardening suffers from these exaggera-
tions :

" When the writer in the Mail and Exprese says
that an Orchid wedding bunch is not made up for
less than $50, and drawing-rooms are decorated
from $500 up, she simply doubles prices at which
New York florists are glad to furnish flowers, and
damages business. The cheaper flowers are,
within a certain limit, the more people buy them,
and buy them at a profit to the grower. What
merchant would thank a reporter for mentioning
his goods at double their selling prices ? The in-
teresting French story, widely copied in our
papers, of a poultry farm kept by a lady, near \
Paris, which yielded fabulous returns, and was
kept on the most ambitious scale, was lately
inquired into by admiring English readers, and
the author confessed the whole thing a fabrica-
tion. There never was such a farm or lady, al-
though illustrations of her wire nettings and beau-
tiful poultry houses accompanied the sketch. The
whole thing was drawn from fancy. I saw, lately,
an elaborate poultry establishment, with incuba-
tor, steam boiler, etc., which had been fitted up
several years, and but just began to pay a profit."

In a Philadelphia paper of very high character,
referring to some very fine strawberries raised by
Mr. Wm. M. Singerly, proprietor of the Public
Record, in his forcing houses during the past
winter, the statement was made that the cost of
raising them was about a dollar per berry. So
far as Mr. Singerly is concerned, who loves to
raise these in order to give to sick friends or add
to the joy of festive occasions, he would not prob-
ably care if they did cost as represented ; but it is
a great injury to the cause of fruit forcing to pre-
sent the matter in these extraordinary shapes.

Horticulture in Japan. — The Empire of Ja-
pan is becoming greatly interested in improving

the horticulture of the empire, and the Minister
of Commerce has commissioned Mr. Hida as his
representative, who is now in our country, to visit
all the leading specimens of good gardening and
report what he finds.

Horticulture in British Columbia. — This
section will become a paradise of gardening. It
is one of the most prosperous sections on the
Pacific. There are already many good firms at
Victoria, and the other settlements are following.
Mr. G. W. Henry has a successful place at Port
Hammond.

Insuring Greenhouses. — " C. H. S.," Phila-
delphia, Pa., writes: ' " Can you inform us where
we can find an association that will insure florists'
hot-houses By giving us immediate information
you will greatly oblige."

There is no such association. Horticulturists
seldom care to insure against fire, as any intelU-
gent forethought is security enough. The only
serious enemy is hail stones, against which there
is no one to insure. Last year the florists com-
menced a movement for mutual insurance against
hail. The company is ready to issue policies.
Inquire of Secretary Jno. G. Esler, Saddle River,
N.J.

Professor Asa Gray. — It will gratify the
numerous friends of this great botanist to learn
that wherever he goes in the Old World he is re-
ceived with the greatest respect and in many
cases with enthusiasm. His visit to the Old World
at this advanced period of his life, is to study
some points in connection with the forthcoming
volume of his synoptical Flora.

Wm. F. Dreer.— On the death of his father Mr.
H. A. Dreer, W. F. then little more than a lad, as-
sumed the control of the business, retaining and
honorably sustaining his father's name. He will, we
are sure, receive the congratulations of world-wide
friends, on his marriage with the daughter of Dr.
Ed. H. Williams, an esteemed citizen of Philadel-
phia, which event occurred on the 22d of June.

Mr. John Rock. — This eminent pioneer in the
nursery business in California, left New York on
the 1 8th of June, for a short visit to his old home,
Frankfort-onthe-Main, in Germany. Few men
have done more to popularize fruit culture and
gardening generally on the Pacific coast, and his
numerous friends will wish him a good voyage,
and pleasant memories on his return.

Ellwanger & Barry.— Both of these gentle-
men, founders and heads of the famous Rochester
firm, are summering in Europe.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

Lonsdale & Burton. — This famous firm of
rose growers, located at Wyndmoor, near Phila-
delphia, will be dissolved on July ist. Mr. John
Burton will retain the old establishment. On the
new grounds of Mr. Lonsdale, arrangements have
been made to erect at once three rose houses,
each 250 feet long. They will be warmed by
steam.

Is.\AC Collins.— Mr. Collins, whose small but
excellent nursery, at Haywards, is well known to
Californians, has sold his grounds. A high figure
was the temptation.

Peter Henderson & Co. — Mr. James Reid has
retired from the firm, which will hereafter consist
of Peter Henderson, and his two sons, Alfred and
Charles.

T. V. Munson. — A Texas correspondent pays a
just compliment to the services of this gentleman
in the advancement of intelligent horticulture
South. He says one of the greatest treats in his
recollections of life, was a ramble through the
■woods and fields with him. Everything seemed
to interest him. and he seemed to know something
about everything they met. His general intelli-
gence was charming.

The T. S. Hubbard Company.— The well
known and popular firm of T. S. Hubbard,
grape growers, has been made a stock affair. Mr.
G. H. Pratt, formerly of Rochester, takes an
interest, and the former employees, Messrs.
Young, Hart and Lee, have now an interest in the
company, at Fredonia, N. Y.

The Canadian Fruit King. — This title is
conceded by his friends to properly belong to
Alexander McDonald Allan, of Goderich, On-
tario. He is president of the Ontario Fruit
Growers' Association, and the largest exporter of
Canadian fruit.

Col. Geo. Briggs. — Every one has heard of
the famous Briggs orchard, the pioneer peach
orchard of California, founded by the Briggs
Brothers, near Marysville. They also originated
the Briggs Early Mky, a popular variety on the
Pacific. The last of the brothers died recently,
and we believe there is no one of the family left
to bear the name.

George Jackman. — The many over the whole
world whohave enjoyed the pleasures the numerous
beautiful hybrid Clematises give, and especially
the very striking Clematis Jackmani, will be sorry
to learn that the one who started this rare enjoy-
ment for them, Mr. George Jackman, died at his

residence, Woking, near London, on the 29th of
May, in his fiftieth year, from congestion of the
lungs. He leaves a wife and eleven children.

General Samuel Alexievitch Grieg. — This
gentleman, after whom the very beautiful species
of Tulip, TulipaGrlegii was named, died recently.
He was a famous amateur horticulturist and Presi-
dent of the Imperial Horticultural Society of Russia.
The following, from a recent issue of the Gar-
deners Chronicle, gives an idea of the beautiful
flower with which this gentleman's name is so
honorably connected :

"Tulipa Griegii is a wonder among Tulips ; it is
by far the largest and most striking of any of the
species, the flowers looking like great flames rising
out of the pretty mottled leaves. It seems to like
rather a dry situation where it can get plenty of
sun."

Dr. W. H. Schmcele. — The death of this gen-
tleman, the founder of Egg Harbor City, is an-
nounced. He died in Piiiladelphia in his seventy-
sixth year. He was a native of Westphalia, and
had a great fondness for establishing German
settlements. The one at Egg Harbor, New Jer-
sey, was founded especially in the interests of
grape growing, for which its soil and climate
were thought to be eminently adapted. Many
of its pioneers came from Cincinnati. It has
fully proved the wisdom of its founder's thoughts,
as it is one of the most successful of grape grow-
ing settlements.

Dr. Kellogg. — Dr. Albert Kellogg may be
said to be the first resident botanist of the Pacific
slope to make much of a mark in the study of the
flora of that region. A very large number were
I first described and named by him. A number of
I species bear his name, and one genus allied to
I the Galium, named Kelloggia in his honor. His
ability to distinguish new species from those al-
ready described was remarkable, considering how
limited must have been his herbarium for com-
parison, and the scant supply of botanical litera-
ture at his command. It is not wonderful that
many of his new species proved old ones — it is
the more wonderful that so many proved distinct.
He died at Alameda, California, on the 31st of
March, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, con-
j tinning to the last to work on the herbarium of
! the Californian academy.

j DeCandolle.— Prof. Alphonse DeCandolle is
so well known to our readers by the eminent ser-
vices he has rendered by his botanical knowledge
to horticulture, that there will be universal sym-
pathy with him in the loss of Mrs. DjCandolle,

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

who died in Geneva on April 6th, in her 76th
year.

The Latest Studies on Indian Reserva-
tions.— By J. B. Harrison, Philadelphia. Pub-
lished by the Indian Rights Association. This is
one of the most common sense treatises on the In-
dian question we have ever read. The trouble with
the Indian began by doing wrong for the sake of
peace. But wrong when once sown, only pro-
duces wrong, and a crop of peace can never come
from it. When the white man came to America,
at least to Pennsylvania, he pretended to beheve
the Indians owned it, and made a mockery of
buying it from them. But no man owns the
ground by any natural right. His right comes
from the consent of society, and society gives
him that right only so long as he makes it pro-
ductive, either in adding to the supplies for human
wants, or by taxation. The Indian never did any-
thing to make the land more valuable, and the
mere running over it could no more make him an
owner than that running over of by deers or rab-
bits made the land belong to them. Yet to this day
the farce of buying land of the Indian has been
continued, and we have suffered for the error.

In reading this book of Mr. Harrison, it is evi-
dent that law and reason must go together in the
settlement of the Indian question. He shows
what a vast amount of good the missionaries ac-
complished, and yet he admits that the hanging
of thirty bad Indians did more for civilization in
Minnesota than the preaching of thirty years. He
shows, too, the great advantage which follows the
forcing of the Indian to go to work and make the
land more valuable, as a condition of his owning
it. Immense good has followed this practice. In
some cases after they had seemed to have become
as good and as earnest cultivators as the white
man, they were left to themselves. But when
force was removed, they soon got back to lazy
and shiftless habits.

On the whole this is an admirable book and we
cordially recommend it to those interested in the
Indian question.

The Propagation of Plants. — By A. S.
Fuller. New York: Orange Judd Company. 1887.

We look on this as one of the most original and
in many respects the best of Mr. Fuller's very
useful works. It is dedicated to Mr. Trumpy, who,
in connection with the Parsons Nurseries at Flush- 1 are free to admit that it exposes admirable secrets,
ing, has earned the reputation of being one of the It is one of the best works of this kind we have
most successful propagators in the United States, ever read, and, though Mr. Fuller is not "giving
Mr. Fuller discusses the question in its broadest as- them away for nothing," the price the reader will

pects. He gives some account of the cell structure
of plants, and the formation of different organs,
which introduces the reader gracefully to the
subject of fertilization and propagation of plants
I by seeds. Then we have propagation by cuttings,
I layers, suckers, root cuttings, and budding and
grafting. And there is a select list of plants that
require special modes of propagation.
I In his preface Mr. Fuller has a hit at the secrets
of some professional propagators, and takes credit
for exposing these secrets. If Mr. Fuller is
giving away these secrets for nothing, he expects
to make money by the sale of his book. If, after
preparing this book/or the press, some one should
have published just such a one, rendering all his
labor on his manuscripts worthless, he would not
have been in the very best of humor with his mis-
fortune. Had he known that such a book was in
contemplation, we fancy he would have kept his
J own secret, hurried along with his task, and got
• out his own tirst if possible. We do not know
why a propagator's secret should be any more
contemptible than the secret of an author. We
have always maintained that the raiser of a new
j fruit or flower, or the discoverer of anything in
, horticulture, is just as well entitled to profit from
I such invention as the discoverers in any other
profession. Unfortunately his materials are of
I such a nature that his discoveries cannot be
patented, as the more mechanical discoveries can,
and the only way he can get recompense for his
time and trouble is by some measure of secrecy
as to his important discoveries until he has had
, time to reimburse himself for his efforts in dis-
covering them. If he has a nursery he keeps his
{ secret and sells the product ; if he has no nursery
j he writes a book and sells the secret. Where is
the difference ? It is true there are a large num-
ber of horticulturists who give away freely their
secrets, and tell all they know. All this is com-
j mendable ; but we hardly think it justifiable to
^ hold up those who think proper to keep at least a
, little for themselves. As to Mr, Fuller's work we

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[July.

have to send the book-seller for them will be well
invested.

It is perhaps not fair when we
are asked to a substantial lunch
on beef and potatoes, freely given,
to complain that we are not also
treated to ice cream and cakes ;
yet we may say that some of Mr.
Fuller's modes have become anti-
quated and have been supplanted
by better methods. Take the case
of layering on page 171 : not one
propagator in a thousand does the
work in the manner illustrated at
page 171, where something is rep-
resented with a branch bent down,
slit on the under side,
kept down by a wooden
peg carefully made from
a forked stick, and the
future plant
kept upright
by a stake to

which it is carefully tied. These sort of layers
break in bending, and the labor is "positively
awful " because wholly unnecessary.

The slit is now made, as in the cut (see p. 22 1 ), on
the upper portion so that the branch can be thrust
into the ground and rammed in as tight as you like
with no peg or danger of breaking, and the branch
will stay upright of its own accord withaut all the
staking and extra labor. We give also an illustra-
tion of side-slit grafting, known in the "trade " as
Chitty's method, which also has the advantage
of not easily breaking when thrust into the
ground.

American Seed Trade Association. — The
fifth annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, on
the 14th and 15th of June, and was called to
order by President Fotler of Boston. James J.
H. Gregory, of Marblehead, Mass., delivered an
address on " Experimental Stations" and proposed
a uniform method of testing, to place all parties on
a hke basis. A committee of which he is chair-
man was appointed to carry out the resolution.
C. L. Allen, Garden City, L. I., read a paper on
"Selections." At this moment we had to break
off to go to press.

Catalogues. — Bull, William, Rare Plants and
Orchids, Chelsea, London, Eng.; Jewett Nurseries,
Fruit, Ornamental, Small Fruits, etc.. The Dalles,
Oregon ; Joosten, C. H., Wholesale Dutch Bulbs,
Azaleas and Camellias, New York City ; Van
Waveren, M., & Sons, Dutch Bulbs, Hillegom,
Haarlem, Holland; Van Waveren, P., & Co.,
Dutch Bulbs, Hillegom, Haarlem, Holland;
Veitch, James & Sons, Plants and Novelties, 1887,
London, England.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Personal Exhibitions.— The leading florists
are making personal exhibitions that are equalling
in beauty and interest those given by associations.
Siebrecht's Orchid Exhibition in New York in the
spring, drew " all the beauty and fashion " of the
great city to view it. B. A. Elliott in like manner
astonished the Pittsburgers in the last week of
May by a Rhododendron exhibit, which reminded

the spectators of the great Centennial sights
These attractions educate and do good.

The American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science. — This excellent organi-
zation meets this year in New York city, on
August loth, continuing for a full week. The bo-
tanical section has l)ecome one of the leading at-
tractions and drav s attendance from all parts of
the Union.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

223

The Annual Meeting of the American Nur-
serymen's Association. — The twelfth meeting
of this body was held in Chicago on the 15th and
1 6th of June. Many of the older members were
absent, but a large proportion of new ones swelled
the attendance to probably 300. The Chicago
newspapers took little note of the meeting, but the
intercourse of the members individually proved
valuable and instructive. Usually a large quantity
of sales are made with each other, but buyers are
reported " cautious " on this occasion ; a fair but
not over large quantity of stock was reported from
most quarters. Watrous, Scott and Willard were
the leading workers who did much for the success
of the meeting. Watrous as President, and all the
old officers were re-elected, and Detroit fixed on
as the place for next meeting.

The readers of the papers, as is so often the
case at these meetings, could scarcely be heard,
and the fault, as is so often the excuse, placed on
the "acoustic properties of the building." Albaugh
who read Parson's paper on " Landscape Garden-
ing," gave the listeners pleasure, as did also Doug-
lass, who read his own paper on " Profitable
Forestry," every word of which was clear and
plain. The members regarded this essay as one
of the best features of the proceedings.

American Pomological Society.— This was
organized 1848, and is now about to hold its twen-
ty-first session, Mr. P. Barry, First Vice-Piesi-
dent, announces that at the last session of the
American Pomological Society, held in the city of
Grand Rapids, Michigan, September 8-II, 1885.
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, through
its President, presented an invitation to hold the
next biennial session at Boston. This was also the
strongly expressed wish of President Wilder, who
desired to meet the Society once more in his own
city. The invitation was accepted, and, therefore
the next session will be held in the city of Boston,
commencing on Wednesday, September 14th, 1887,
at 10 o'clock A. M., and continuing three days.

The session will be held in one of the rooms of
the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Associa-
tion Building, and the exhibition of fruits will be
held in conjunction with the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society's annual exhibition in the great
hall of the same building. All horticultural, pomo-
logical, agricultural and other kindred associations
in the United States and British provinces are in-
vited to send delegates, and all persons interested
in the cultivation of fruits are cordially invited to
attend.

The society will not have the hoped-for pleasure
of meeting its beloved president, who was stricken
down by death, full of years and honor, just as he
had commenced to prepare for this meeting*, but
it is hoped and expected that in honor of his
memory there will be an unusually large attend-
ance of members and delegates from all parts of
the country, and that the session will be one of
the most interesting and useful ever held by the
society. The sad emergency which has arisen
from the death of President Wilder, who had so
wisely and successfully guided the Society for so
long a period— indeed, it may be said, through its
entire progress — makes it incumbent on all its
true friends to rally now to its support, that its
good work may be carried forward without in-
terruption.

During the thirty-eight years of its existence,
the society has accomphshed much in the interest
of pomology and the fruit growing industry of our
country. It has effected an organization, through
its committees, in every State and Territory. In
its biennial reports it has brought out the latest
and best experience. It has made an important
advance in the needful reform of pomological
nomenclature, and has compiled a national cata-
logue consisting of nine hundred varieties of fruits
adapted to the several States and Territories, with
their varying chmate and other conditions. Much
is yet to be done, and with the experience acquired
and facihties now enjoyed, the work of the future
will be of greater value to the country than that
of the past.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has,
with its accustomed liberality, appropriated the
sum of five hundred dollars, to be offered in
special prizes for fruits to be exhibited at the
meeting of the American Pomological Society
in connection with the Annual Exhibition of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society during the
pomological meeting. A list of these prizes will
be found in their circular, and special attention is
called to them.

Parties intending to exhibit should give timely
notice to Mr. E. W. Wood, at Horticultural Hall,
Boston, stating what prize they will compete for
and the number of dishes they will exhibit, so that
space may be reserved. Packages of fruits should
be addressed to E. W. Wood, at the Massachusetts
Charitable Mechanics' Association Building, Bos-
ton Mass., freight and express charges prepaid.
Mr. Charles W. Garfield is secretary.

It is impossible at this early date to definitely
announce a series of topics for papers and dis-

224

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[My.

cussions, but already assurances have been re-
ceived from a number of leading pomologists and
scientists in the country of their willingness to aid
in the exercises of tiie meeting ; and we confi-
dently expect to hear from Dr. J. A. Lintner, of
New York, and Prof. S. A. Forbes, of Illinois,
upon Insects Injurious to Fruits ; Dr. Henry P.
Walcott, of Massachusetts, upon the Sanitary In-
fluence of Fruits; Dr. J. H. Brakeley, of New
Jersey, upon American Cranberry Culture ; John
J. Thomas, of New York, upon Pomological No-
menclature; Hon. H. E. Van Deman, of Wash-
ington, D. C., upon the Identification of Fruits ;
J. M. Smith, of Wisconsin, upon Preventing De-
terioration in Varieties of Small Fruits.

We shall hear from P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia,
upon some topic to be chosen by himself; and the
California Board of Horticulture will select some
skillful pomologist of that State to treat the ques-
tion of the comparative quality of the species of
fruits grown on the Pacific Slope and the same
species grown elsewhere. We hope also to hear
from Prof. Wm. Saunders, of Canada, on Experi-
mental Pomology in the Dominion.

The following subjects have been suggested for
general discussion as time may be secured : i, Dis-
cussion on New Fruits ; 2, Migration of Fruits ;
3, Honesty m Testimonials and Recommend-
ations; 4, Hardiness of Fruits— Causes and Ex-
perience ; 5, Behaviour of Fruits at Various Alti-
tudes; 6, Commercial Fertilizers as affecting
Quality ; 7, Fruit Breeding and Seed Extinction ;
8, Some of Our Most Promising Wild Fruits ; 9,
Testimony Concerning Peach Yellows ; 10, Testi-
mony Concerning Apple Scab; 11, Climate as
Affecting Color in Fruits; 12, Possibilities of
Small Fruits with Water; 13, Progress in Fruit
Identification by Flowers ; 14, Progress in Im-
proved Nomenclature — Our Duty; 15, Relation
of Forest Destruction to Fruit Deterioration ; 16,
Relation of Soil Starving to Fruit Deterioration.

The opening session will occur at 10 o'clock on
the morning of Wednesday the 14th day of Sep-
tember, and unless otherwise ordered by the con-
vention, the hours of convening will be 9 A. m.,
3 p. M., and 7.30 p. M.

From the experience of the years it seems to
the officers of the Society that any entertainment
or excursion not directly germain to the work of
the convention should be avoided, and that dur-
ing the sessions, members should, as far as prac-
ticable, be in attendance. It is very desirable that
fruit growers interested in the continuous progress
of the Society work, contribute short notes upon
the topics suggested by this scheme, to be em-
ployed in editing the transactions of the Society,
even if the writers cannot be present at the con-
vention ; to this end, contributions are solicited.

Germantown (Phila.) Horticultural So-
ciety.— The last of the spring meetings was held
on the 9th of June. The hall was crowded by
visitors among whom were many of the leading
citizens of Germantown.

One of the most notable of the plants exhibited
was a Begonia alba, that had been grafted on a
Begonia rubra. It was exhibited by Mr. James

Barrows. It was a cone-shaped specimen, about
three feet by one and a half at the base, and was
covered with flowers from bottom to top. Its
floriferousness was attributed to being grafted on
that stock.

Another plant very much admired was a plant
of Polygala grandiflora, exhibited by Mrs. Thomas
Meehan. which though a native of the Cape of
Good Hope, the lady finds makes an excellent
tub-plant for the lawn during our .American sum-
mers. It was in a square, green painted tub about
a foot over, had a straight stem about one foot high,
and on this a head of about three feet over, having
hundreds of its bright purple butterfly-like bios-
soms which are produced successively from May
to September. The plant is kept in winter with
the oranges and oleanders.

State Botanist, Prof. Thomas Meehan, gave his
usual address on subjects suggested by the objects
on exhibition. The strawberry, cactuses, purple-
leaved plants and vegetable parasites, formed
the chief themes on this occasion.

The Michigan Horticultural Society. —
The Grand Rapids Daily Democrat says that
seventeen years ago was organized the Michigan
State Horticultural Society, an association which
has grown to be one of the most vigorous and
useful of all the societies of the State devoted to
advancement of special interests. It has come to
be one of the most important of its kind in the
country, and its annual volumes are recognized as
pomological authority everywhere, and the good
it has done in promoting fruit growing in Michi-
gan is incalculable.

The early years of the society were days of
small things. It kept the character of a local so-
ciety for some time, but when T. T. Lyon, of
South Haven, became president, in 1875, and
was joined by C. W. Garfield, of Grand Rapids,
as secretary, the following year, the society took
on new energy and a new character. To Mr.
Lyon the welfare of the society has been a first
love, and he has given it a vast amount of un-
selfish and unrequited labor. He has been intel-
ligently and industriously aided by Mr. Garfield,
whose enthusiasm and genius in hard work have
been most fortunately combined with the efforts
of the venerable president. These two have been
re chosen year by year, and doubtless will be as
long as they are willing to accept a modicum of
honor with an excess of responsibility and labor.

A Fruit Exhibition. — The fruit growers of
Connecticut were treated to a grand tree exhib-
ition of strawberries, roses, cherries and other
things, under the auspices of the State Board of
Agriculture, at Bridgeport, Conn., on June 23.
It is said to have been a very good educational
affair.

Premiums for Scotch Thistles.— Councillor
Lyon, Chairman of the Acting Directors of the
Royal Horticultural Society of Aberdeen, has
just received from Dr. F. Maitland Moir, Aber-
deen, a beautiful silver cup, to be competed for at
the summer exhibition of the Society, for the best
Scotch Thistle. A strong and spiney competition
is anticipated, says the Gardeners' Chronicle.

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS,

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

AUGUST, 1887.

Number 344.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Some good poet essays to " thank the Lord for
flowers ; " but many a poor person of our large
cities may thank the Lord for cemeteries, for
without them hundreds would never own a
flower. It has become a practice universal to
plant flowers on the graves of those we have
loved and lost, and hundreds in spring time may
be seen with their few pots and baskets of plants
wending their ways from the brick and mortar
of the town to the little grave lots in rural ceme-
teries to plant flowers. Most of our cemeteries
are now flower gardens, and many a lesson of
rural art and rural taste has been first learned
there. Sometimes these death-gardens are in the
hand of tasteful lovers of the art, as at Spring
Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. Here the silent
lectures attract students of the highest class
from all over the world. The highest culture
may still profit by a visit to Spring Grove. But
even the humblest burial places often present
lessons that it is profitable to learn. The writer
was recently in one in which almost all the ever-
greens were of American Arbor- Vitae. There must
have been thousands of them planted every-
where. One would suppose that the efTect of
this exclusive use of a single evergreen would

have given a monotonous effect to the whole
scene. But it was not so. Variety was afforded
by the monuments, the enclosures, and the flowers
on the graves, and the effect of the Arbor-Vitae^
everywhere was no more tiresome than the ever-
lasting use of Smilax in cut flower work, or of
grass for the sward of a lawn. Indeed, for the
first time in our experience, it occurred to us that
the upright, semi-artificial Arbor- Vitae was in ex-
cellent keeping with the artificial monuments,
making the graduation between the artificial and
the natural true art so often hungers for, and that
the effect was better for the employment of this
one tree alone, than if an incongruous mixture to
give variety had been used. In regard to archi-
tecture generally, not only will the effect be
marred or aided by a consideration of the con-
tour of the surface of the ground, as noted in
our last, but by the character of the trees also.
We give with this a view of the residence of C.
P. Huntington, Esq., well known in railroad cir-
cles, at Throgg's Neck, which shows in a remark-
able degree the good effect on the architecture of
a number of straight boled trees. The numerous
straight pillars of the porte cochere and of the ver-
andahs, the square walls and square windows,
are admirably supported by the upright trunks of
these forest trees.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

227

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE AMPELOPSIS.

BY DENNIS KENNA.

How beautifully the Ampelopsis Veitchii colors
under the autumn frosts. Three vines, growing
to a silver maple in front of our door, have
now (Nov. 2d, 1886,) leaves of dull crimson, rose,
yellow, dark green with crimson edges, and many
of them have not changed yet — like the tiny
leaflets at the growing points, which still retain
their natural light-green, almost yellow, hue.

The tree has a trunk of three and one-half feet
in circumference, which is the uniform measure-
ment, for twelve feet up to the head; the branches
of which, being cut in close annually, do not
shade the plants in the adjacent beds ; but those
in the bed encircling the base of the tree have to
be watered regularly during the dry summer
weather to keep them growing.

The roughened bark of this tree trunk is suited
to the nature of the Ampelopsis, and the vines
creep along in the furrows and over the scaly
ridges, making leaves behind to cover its woody
network.

A few vines which have been some years
planted at the north side wall of St. George's
Church in this village, have covered buttress for
buttress with English Ivy, and the beautiful color-
ing of the leaves is made more pleasing by the
long foot-stalks which allow a freedom of move-
ment that under pressure of the winds makes a
veritable moving mass of colors. And such
colors 1 Like rosy fruits, beds of beautiful flow-
ers, crimsoned skies, blended and touched up
with the firmness and precision of artistic taste.
What a pity it is so transient ! Would we tire of
it were it lasting ?

This season I have tried growing this vine on
smooth painted boards. I fastened the vines in
place at first, but when they began to push out
they took hold, and have outlined a straggling
tracery on the inclosed stoop of our dwelling.
The vines are robust but grow slowly. The ex-
posure is southern and a stone walk is close by.

An Ampelopsis quinquefolia grows in our back
yard on an old fence, which was once a boundary
of some of the land under Prince's Nursery. The
vine in its upward growth, after clearing the tops
of the upright, weather-worn boards, had to
droop, and vine following vine, and growing
upon itself, a bulk of live wood has been accum-
ulated, which, in the. summer time, bears a great

crop of leaves. Early in October we had a cool
wave, which curled all these leaves up, showing
more mildew to the square yard than I ever saw
before. This was caused by the dryness of the
soil resulting from the severe drought from which
Long Island fall crops have only been relieved by
the copious rains which have fallen since the 26th
ultimo. Flushing, L. I., N. V., Nov. 2, 1886.

IMPROVEMENT OF FLOWERS.
BY ERNEST WALKER,

Many of the " old songs" are the dearest to my
ear and heart. Many of the new are not without
their charms. But in these " old time " melodies
there is often a strange sweetness, richness and
rapturous harmony that thrills me to the soul —
which, too often later composers fail to attain.

So it is somewhat similar with flowers and
fruits. Among the host of new productions a
few equal the old and some surpass them in cer-
tain respects. .

But the existence of the latter can be but for a
day — one predominant charm or quality will
eventually slay the others and bury all. The
qualities all must be equally developed ; every
feature must be preserved and developed. Com-
plete culture ; that is, attention to every attribute
that goes to make a perfect flower or fruit, is as
necessary in the improvement of flowers and
fruits as mental, moral and physical education —
all, should go to make up true culture in man.
But too often this is not the case, one or the other
of these natures is apt to be cultivated to the
deterioration and death of the other, which, in
time, only means the death of all ; and the same
is lamentably true in fruits and flowers. Geran-
iums especially we have been noticing. Queen
of the West, Mad. Rompen and a few others are
growing vigorously in the garden ; but others, and
by far the greater number of varieties planted
there (among which are many new), are appar-
ently of feeble constitution, and we note with re-
gret that these all are those prolific, to me, of the
finest flowers. Chas. Darwin is an example — one
of the richest flowered geraniums ever attained,
yet worthless on account of its sickly habit. In
pursuit of a fine flower, and perhaps a purple
geranium, its improver lost sight of vigor in the
plant, which should be the first thing sought for,
the other features afterwards ; for vigor in the
plant is the foundation of every charm and
pleasure that the plant or the garden affords.

There has been a number of truly grand ger-

228

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

aniums brought forward in the last few years. By
this I mean those combining vigor, freedom of
bloom, coloring and perfection of flowers. In
connection with many such varieties Mr. Thorpe
will long be remembered.

All are grand, were I to think merely of flowers.
But however brilliant or beautiful the flower may
be, or whatever shades we may attain, these can-
not last long or afford much satisfaction if we
have not the plant to produce them. Yet, while
we gladly welcome all for the sake of getting the
good, many of the late varieties seem to say this
is the direction their improvement is taking. In
other words, it is a transition of vigor, or a taking
of vigor from one place and putting it in another

from the plant and pushing it into the flower.

But this can never be a successful basis or
method for permanent progress. The cultivation
of one muscle will never make a strong man.
Neither will the cultivation of the intellect — the
flower of man's nobler nature — come to any good,
unless his physical organization has received equal
or its share of the cultivation. So it is with the
plant, good culture consists in the equal develop-
ment of every feature ordained necessary to the
existence, each altribute is dependent on the
other, and isolating any one in our efforts at im-
provement makes a hole at once for death to
enter. All of nature's forces meet in equilibrium,
and so do the forces of life in a plant.

In developing the possibilities of flower or fruit,
the maintenance of this relation is the only basis
of permanent improvement. But if any consider-
ation is to be particularly kept in view, above all
let it be vigor in the plant.

New Albany, Ind., Sept. 6, 1886.

GARDEN NOTES FROM SUMMERVILLE,
S. C.

BY MRS. D. W.

The earthquakes which have desolated our
country, followed by extraordinary drouths, empty-
ing our wells, drying up ponds and streams, and
parching our fields and gardens to powder, have,
we trust, finally ended in copious rains. Our
garden losses have been very heavy, even the
large trees losing their foliage and looking
crisped and brown. The Azaleas have nearly
died out, only the commonest sorts surviving.
The Camellias, too, have seriously deteriorated.
Roses, though almost leafless, are generally less
injured than other and hardier plants.

In your monthly for July I notice an inquiry
respecting the Kalmia latifolia. Forty or fifty years

ago, Kalmias grew among the Rhododendrons
on my father's estate in England. They were
profuse bloomers, and, as far as I can recollect,
never suffered from severe cold. They were also
forced for winter bloom ; and I can perfectly re-
member the beautiful trees covered with blos-
soms in our parlors in midwinter, with lilacs,
Bengal roses and Lilies of the Valley.

With regard to the note in your July number
about the length of the racemes of the Wistaria —
with us the bloom measures frequently half a
yard, and the white variety is even more lengthy
(though less full) than the blue. We have a
plant of the white which has climbed to the top of
a pine tree, over sixty feet, and is now branching
out in all directions seeking further support.
Both kinds seed profusely, the young plants be-
coming like weeds in the garden. The wild vari-
ety of our woods. Wistaria frutescens, blooms
fully a month later than the Chinese.

The Bamboo Vine of our woods (Smilax) has
proved with us a lovely climber. In winter its
bright, glossy foliage is very fresh and cheerful.
I think gardeners in the Northern States have not
valued this most graceful native plant as it de-
serves. [ This is probably Smilax laurifolia,
and is truly a beautiful evergreen climber. It
would no doubt prove hardy far north. — Ed. J

A friend has found growing around a pond in
the middle of the forest a group of Stuartias.
Both bloom and leaf are very showy and hand-
some.

I see that Gardenias are attracting some notice.
They are easily grown here from cuttings taken in
autumn, and we have fine plants of our own
raising.

Some lilies we brought in from the woods sev-
eral years ago have proved a success. In shape
the blossom resembles Japan lilies — bright or-
ange, with rich brown spots, very elegant, several
blooms on each stem, which are six feet in height.
When we found them the plants were about
three feet high, and the flowers so much smaller
we can scarcely realize they are the same plants.
Summerville, S. C.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A New Weeping Tree, Teas' Weeping Rus-
sian Mulberry. — In the year 1885, Mr. John C.
Teas discovered among some Russian mulberry
trees, one having a tendency of growth similar to
a vine, running on the ground like a pumpkin
vine, which attracted his attention. Being a prac-

AND HORTICULTURIST.

229

tical nurseryman, he at once betook himself to
budding some trees at standard height on some
Russian mulberry, to test its weeping qualities.
Some of the buds took so well that they grew to
2 or 3 inches that season. The following season
the trees grew so rapidly that the limbs soon
curved until in its downward tendency and growth
it soon reached the ground. Every tree showing
the same downward tendency. These qualities
being ascertained, Mr. Teas next placed the propa-
gation with the Messrs. James B. Wild & Bros.,
nurserymen, of Sarcoxie, Mo. At the twelfth an-

Teas' Weeping Russian Mulberry.

nual meeting of the American Association of
Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, in June, 1887,
at Chicago, by these gentlemen we were shown a
one-year head, with branches touching the ground
at 6 feet. Photos and stereo-views taken from speci-
men trees in nursery were shown, which attracted
the attention of those desiring to see a new variety
and type of weeping trees that would be much
better suited to a diversified climate. The leaves
of this remarkable tree are beautifully lobed, of a
bright green with gold edged margin in the fall.
The branches are delicate as well as graceful. As
to fruit — its berries are above ordinary size and

almost seedless. So far as the lobing of the
leaves are concerned, these will disappear as the
trees get older ; all mulberries have lobed leaves
when they are young, and entire when of inaturer
age. This will be no disadvantage, as all the
forms of the white mulberry are interesting, and
this one will no doubt be a welcome addition to
our list of weeping trees.

The Effect of Colored Walks in Land-
scape Gardening. — There are some kinds of
gravel that recommend themselves to our notice on
account of certain inherent qualities which they
possess, among whiclvwe reckon that of strength
to stand the wear of traffic ; that of binding, to
carry a good face after the roller ; and last, but
not least, to be of an agreeable color, so as to
harmonize with the green of the lawn and the
foliage of the flower-beds. The celebrated Kens-
ington gravel was always considered the very per-
fection of gravel, and other kinds were valued
according to their resemblance to Kensington
gravel. Now, as I lived in the parish of Kensing-
ton, and trod the walks of Kensington Gardens, I
may be allowed to speak of the article with some
kind of authority, for the trade in gravel in my
time was great, and we can form some idea of the
statistics of the trade when a ton of coals and a
ton of gravel from Kensington gravel pits were
the same price in Edinburgh, whither the gravel
was conveyed for important purposes.

When the elder Nesfield designed a monogram
to be worked in Box embroidery and yellow gravel
at Alton Towers, we had recourse to baked fire-
clay of a light yellow color, got from the Stafford-
shire potteries, called by the workmen "grog," be-
ing " saggers " pounded and riddled, these saggers
being the outer cases containing the ware when in
the oven, and this grog is a regular article in the
business of the potter.

I have mentioned these two kinds of road-stulT
in order to contrast them wiih an article very
superior to either, the price of which, including
cartage five or six miles, is loj. per ton. I have
used several tons of it, and find that it binds
firmly, is clean from sand or small particles, and
is of a rich yellow color, with a dash of brown,
perhaps from iron ore; it was obtained for me by
the good offices of a jobbing gardener, and comes
from a place called " Fool's Neuk," near Maccles-
field, Cheshire. I have olten been astonished to
see asphalted paths in front of the principal win-
dows of gentlemen's villas done up in true coffin
colors— white tears upon a black ground. In the

230

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

North we frequently see a black coffin studded
with white commas, called there tears, and it is
very becoming in that case to give a place for
tears for those who have died young ; but the taste
is very doubtful to put gas-tar and Derbyshire
spar side by side on a walk or terrace in front of
a gentleman's house, for as long as blue and yel-
low colors when mixed make green, so long will
yellow gravel harmonize with green grass; and
this rule is not subject to caprice, for it "altereth
not."

Mr. Nesfield was a landscape painter of the
the highest order, and designed many beautiful
gardens, but he confessed that he was neither
botanist nor gardener, but, relying on the "brush,"
he doled out in his parterres, panels, etc., many
strange colors, for if I recollect aright, colored
glass broken fine made up part of the patterns in
the garden of the Horticultural Society at Kens- j
ington, and in the garden designed by Nesfield at
Alton Towers some twenty or thirty circular beds
were paved with white pebbles, which could not
be endured, and were planted with exotics warm
and bright. Neither white pebbles nor white spar
are ever likely to give any good effect in a flower
garden, and the same may be said of red brick
pounded. Cracked limestone, when of a bluish '
tint, makes the carriage- way as good as it can be ;
and, for the reasons given above, the blue tinge
harmonizes with the greensward just as the yellow
does. 1 have no interest whatever in praising the \
gravel from Macclesfield. I was agreeably sur- '
prised to see its fine color and other fine qualities,
and therefore resolved to send a paragraph to the
Gardener s Chronicle, in order that those who do
the asphalting on the coffin pattern may have no
excuse if they do not finish with yellow ; for, be it
observed, that this fine gravel is not in egg-sized
pebbles and made up with foreign matter, as clay
and sand, such as we see everywhere, but confined
to the size of one-inch pieces and down to that of
kidney beans, so that a ton would coat a large
surface of asphalted walk, and it is equally avail- [
able for any ordinary gravel walk, especially
where clay predominates.

For asphalt the gravel should be thoroughly
dry, for one of the many odd properties of gas tar
is that it is not soluble in water and does not take I
kindly to wet substances. For facing ordinary
gravel walks the gravel should be put on wet,
and treated as if it were puddle, for you may 1
water ordinary garden earth to any extent so long I
as you do not tread upon it, but if you poach it j
you make puddle of it, and although a headland

in a cornfield may be poached and yet recover
itself and bring a good crop, it is not so in garden-
ing operations, and soil that has been puddled will
take a long time to recover a healthy open texture.
Let no one despise these practical hints, for the
loss of one spoke in the wheel ruins the " turn."
I recollect setting a gentleman right as to how he
was to roof a building with paper and gas-tar and
lime, and when I met him after, he said he had
tried it and it was a failure, but when he detailed
the process he said, " I slaked the lime." That
was sufficient ; he had added water, which he
should not have done, and the lime should have
been fresh and pounded to powder. He thanked
me, and we parted ; but the next time I saw him
he pointed out a building nicely roofed in this
way, and laughed heartily at his blunder in not
knowing water when it was apparently dry in
powder lime ; but all doubt on that score is re-
moved when you see a man put a hogshead of
water to a cartload of lime, and though the mix-
ture is dry as dust it is useless to say there is no
water there when you have just added twice the
bulk of the lime in water.

The prevalence of weeds on walks is frequently
owing to the prevalence of dirt in the gravel,
which acts as a seedbed for grass, and this gravel,
being clean and very likely highly charged with
iron, from its appearance, is not likely to feed
weeds of any kind. If used with judgment and
discrimination it will brighten many a dull walk
and terrace at little cost, and its brightness will
remain after the flowers have faded, for it will ex-
hibit itself all the year round " a thing of beauty,"
which, if not "a joy forever," will, with its face of
iron and its heart of stone, have a long lease. —
Alex. Forsyth, in Gardeners' Chronicle.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

A New Race of Gladiolus.— Kelway & Son,
Florists, of England, have started wholly anew to
raise a class of gladiolus from the original species.
He has followed the selection rather than the
hybrid system. His breed is characterized by
having very close, dense heads and perfectly one-
sided spikes. The Gardeners" Magazine says:

" In this respect the Langport varieties are far
in advance of those raised on the Continent, and
in the form and substance of the flowers they are
certainly not surpassed. The flowers, more es-
pecially of the later introductions, are of excep-
tionally large size, the segments are of great
breadth, and well rounded, and they possess the
important quality of being so well expanded that

i887-

AND HORTICULTURIST.

231

the coloring of the face is seen to the best possible
advantage. Messrs. Kelway, whilst continuing to
improve the form of the flower and the build of
the spike, have been successful in obtaining sev-
eral exquisitely beautiful shades of color which
are practically new in the gladioli."

A New Late Lilac. — The Syringa ligustrina
proves to be a much later lilac than any now
grown, and prolongs the favorite lilac season ad-
mirably. The Siberian lilac, Syringa Josikaa,
comes in about a week or two after the Persian.
This new one follows, and continues to near mid-
summer. The individual flowers are like the Pri-
vet, and they have the pleasant odor of Privet;
but they come in huge masses as large as a bunch
of Horse Chestnut flowers. The growth is much
stronger and more treelike than the ordinary
lilac.

Narcissus, Glory of Leyden.— This is be-
lieved to be the largest variety cultivated. It
was raised by Mr. DeGraaf, of Leyden. The

bell is two inches wide at the mouth, and the
whole spread of the flower nearly five inches.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

The English Bind-weed, Convolvulus ar-
VENSis. — " L.," Harrisburg, Pa., writes: "The
enclosed is a fearful weed. What is its name,
and how can I destroy it ? It came into our garden,
I believe, from some New York fruit trees in the
first place." This is the "Lily" of the English
peasantry. In popular botany it is " Field Bind-
weed," and in the science, Convolvulus arvensis.
The white, cord-like roots all grow-, so that the
more it is chopped t» pieces the more plants you
have. But if you will cut it off with a sharp hoe
as soon as a few green leaves are detected, and
keep on about three or four times during summer,
it can be easily destroyed. No matter how great
a pest any weed may be, it can be easily de-
stroyed if not allowed to make perfect leaves.

Greenhouse and House Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

ALOCASIA MACRORHIZA.
BY W. F. m'ARA.

What a superb and graceful plant is the Aloca-
sia Macrorhiza variegata ! If not one of the best,
it is certainly entitled to claim a position as being
one of the most striking and effective ornamental-
leaved plants which our stoves contain, and well
deserving a place in every collection of fine foliage
plants. No one can fail to admire a good specimen
of this handsome variety, with its large shining
green leaves, which are blotched and mottled
with white, affording a rich contrast with other
plants. This variety is a splendid subject on an
exhibition table, and can soon be grown to a suit-
able size for that purpose, if due attention be paid
to its requirements. It should be potted in a com-
post of peat and loam in equal parts, with some
well decayed manure and a sprinkling of sand,
giving them a place in the warmest part of the
stove, where they can have plenty of light, but
shaded from bright sun, to be copiously supplied

with water at the roots, and the leaves frequently
syringed, as red spider is a little partial to them,
two of the most essential points in the successful
cultivation of this class of plants being heat and
moisture. On completing their growth they
should have a season of rest. Propagated by off-
sets, or division of the root. This variety is sup-
posed to be a native of the Island of Ceylon, and
belongs to the genus of Arads, which are closely
related to the Colocasia.

Waterville, Oneida Co., N. Y.

FERTILIZATION OF ORCHIDS.

BY WM. LYNN.

May 19th of this year Cattaleya Mossiae com-
menced opening its flowers. A few days after-
wards in the morning I was observing a very fine
solitary flower. I also noticed a very large hum-
ble bee that had lodged in the greenhouse all
night. Apparently, he was resting about eighteen
inches below the flower, when suddenly he rose
up and flew directly to the flower, alighted on the
labellum, scrambled up it until he reached the

232

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

column, which he raised without hesitancy, and
using considerable exertion forced his way in ;
after satisfying himself, backed out and flew
away. I made a mental note of the transaction.
The result is a seed pod going on to maturity.
For several days a dehghtful fragrance was ex-
haled from the decayed flower. An examination
disclosed an exudation from the tip of the column,
which seemed to be decaying, having turned
black. Here I located the source of the. perfume,
which has dried up.

Again, May 26, 1887, Barkeria spectabilis com-
menced opening its flowers. A few days after-
wards, while admiring a solitary flower on one of
the plants, and under the very same conditions as
the foregoing, a honey bee alighted upon the
broad labellum, seemed all excitement, and made
directly for the point of the column which lies
very close to the labellum. However, he unhesi-
tatingly raised it up and forced his way in, came
out and flew away. This incident I also made a
mental note of. The result is, fertilization of
Barkeria was effected.

A query presents itself. Why were solitary
flowers selected in both cases by entirely different
bees? Why did they not enter the other flowers
of the same kind close by ? There are none of
the others fertilized. Is it possible that the
flowers of each being solitary were stronger and
exhaled a more attractive perfume, which the
bees availed themselves of, and not finding it as
desirable as they expected after obtaining it, flew
directly away. Fort Wayne, Ind., yune 24, '<?/.

"THE AMERICAN BEAUTY."

BY JOHN L. H. FRANK.

The articles of Mr. F. Harms and Dr. Ludwig
Fritsch seem to indicate that they consider some
of our American florists a bad lot of men indeed
— when they, our "Yankee Garden Barnums,"
deliberately with malice aforethought and with
the intention of cheating, gave an old rose a new
name to enable them to impose it on their inno-
cent customers at exorbitant prices. The Doctor
and Mr. Harms have, of course, never heard of
worthless new varieties and of old varieties being
palmed off on American gardeners by European
Barnums.

Now, what are the facts in the case ? My un-
derstanding is that the American Beauty Rose
stood some six or eight years in Mr. Bancroft's
garden in Washington, D. C. ; no one knew from
whence it came nor any name for it ; no Ameri-

can florist ever claimed to have raised it or to
know who raised it ; the chances were that it
might be a known rose with a name, although no
one about Washington knew it. It was found to
possess superior qualities, and presumed to be a
chance seedling, and the name of American Beauty
was given to it. The name of Madame Ferdi-
nand Jamain had been in our catalogues for some
time, but the description of it was not such to
induce an amateur who had only room for a
limited number of plants to buy it.

I bought a plant of the "American Beauty" at
a big price. I know that the florist from whom I
bought my plant honestly believed it to be a new
rose.

Is there not a great similarity in some roses ?
Some I can only tell apart by their leaves ; others
are so much alike that I cannot tell them apart.

Is Mr. Harms sure that the American Beauty is
the Madame Ferdinand Jamain ? Even he may
be mistaken as to their identity.

Mr. Gustav Drobisch told me that he had the
Madame Ferdinand Jamain for years — that it is of
weaker growth and lighter color than the American
Beauty, and that anybody who is at all familiar
with roses could readily distinguish one from the
other. For the benefit of Dr. Fritsch I will say that
Mr. Drobisch is a "true gardener," one of the
leading florists of Columbus, Ohio, who has been
continuously from childhood up a gardener and
florist, and that his testimony is entitled to and will
receive as much credence from a fair and impartial
jury as that of Mr. Harms ; at the same time ad-
mitting that few men, if any, have more experi-
ence in the propagation and cultivation of roses
than Mr. Harms.

Whether the American Beauty is an old or a
new variety, I consider it quite an acquisition, not
because of its superior forcing qualities, of which
Mr. Dunning speaks and of which I know nothing,
but because it is a hardy rose with slight protec-
tion, is nearly always in bloom through the sum-
mer and autumn. When it is well known that
most of our so called hybrid perpetuals or remon-
tant roses bloom only once, like June roses, it is
strange that tliis blooming quality was not discov-
ered in Mad. Ferdinand Jamain, if it possesses it.
For comparative hardiness and constant bloom-
ing I consider La France and Glory de Dijon best
and American Beauty next best, for an amateur
without a greenhouse.

I wish that you or some of your readers who
are able to do so would tell me how to protect tea
roses out doors in winter in Central or Southern

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

233

Ohio, so as to keep not only the roots but most of
the tops fresh and alive.

I was very much disappointed in the Bennett
last year, but it lived so well out doors through
last winter— fully as well as La France— and, al-
though a very slow grower, has had so many
roses, and some very fine this year, that I have be-
come an admirer of it.

I think the American Beauty has an origin
similar to the " Nameless Beauty." Mr. Max
Deegen, of Kostritz, found it among a lot of roses
which he had bought ; it had no name, but it was
a superior rose. Mr. Deegen tells us all he knows
about it, and calls it the " Namenlose Schone."
I bought a plant of it last April at a good price,
and find it a fine rose, but if it should turn out
some day that it is an old rose under a new name,
I do not think that I would be justified in calling
Mr. Deegen a swindler or Garden Barnum. I
would think that he was laboring under an honest
mistake when he made an " old beauty become
young again" by daubing it with a new name.

Southern Ohio.

TEA ROSES IN PITS.

BY H. HEATON,

Plant your roses in frames six by three. Pitch
rather flat, as I find when the pitch is steep it
forces them too much in the spring. The earth
at the back of the frame eighteen inches from the
glass. The frame sunk twelve or fourteen inches.
Eight roses to a frame. Eighteen inches of good
soil for the plants to grow in, and I think the re-
sult will be satisfactory. To grow M. Niel or
other tender climbers I should have a pit six by
six. Excavate the centre two feet and a half.
Board up twelve inches inside from outside of
frame, and plant your roses in this space, but have
your earth in this space eighteen inches from the
glass at back of frame. I have an M. Niel
planted in this way, and it has given me thirty
fine roses this season to date. In the fall I cut
my teas back to about eight inches from the glass,
close my sash when I leave my pla.ce in Nov.,
sometimes later, and they are never opened till
April. I seldom lose a rose if I plant m spring
or early summer.

My roses do better not to have the glass cov-
ered. I have tried all kinds of covering, but '
have discarded everything. What roses in pits '
or frames suffer from is not cold, however intense, '
but warmth. Last winter in the pit where I have \
my M. Niels and a few teas planted, some boys [

broke the glass before I returned. I found some
eight or ten lights broken, the lower part of the
pit filled with snow. The thermometer had regis-
tered five degrees below zero in my grapery. I
thought my roses were killed. They came out all
right and have never done better ; but sorne fifty
cuttings which were pulled ofT in September —
teas and hybrids— were all killed but three.

I do not try to force my roses in spring, but
keep them back as much as possible. I picked
my first tea rose the fifteenth of May. The first
" Jack " outside bloomed the eighth of June.

I have a number of roses that have been grow-
ing in pits five years, ^ The M. Niels did not give
me much bloom the first two years, but since that
have done well. I take my sashes off about the
tenth of May. The Hybrid Teas grown in this
manner do finely.

I would say that anyone will have fair success
growing teas in this way ; by taking four boards
any size and nailing them together, cover in win-
ter with boards, but in such a manner that rain or
melting snow will not run into the pit.

Amherst, June 13, 1887.

HEBECLINUM lANTHINUM.
BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The violet-colored Conoclinum, or, as it is often
called, Hebeclinum ianthinum, is a very showy
stove or warm greenhouse plant belonging to the
Natural Order Composit^e.

It is a native of St. Catharines, Brazil, and may
be described as being a plant of shrubby habit,
growing from two to six feet in height, having
erect, round, woody stems, and opposite, oblong,
ovate, deep green leaves. The flowers, which are
of a violet color, are produced in crowded term-
inal corymbs in great profusion during the late win-
ter and early spring months. It is a plant that can
be found in but a few collections at the present
day, owing to the fact that it is of little value for
cut flower work, but nevertheless when full grown
it is an excellent show or exhibition plant, and it
will be found to be of great value for the decora-
tion of the warm greenhouse or conservatory dur-
ing the late winter and early spring months.

It is a plant that can be easily cultivated,
and one that will be found perfectly free from
all insect pests. It does best when grown in
a compost of two thirds well decayed sods,
one-third well decomposed manure, intermixed
with a fair sprinkling of bone dust. The plant
should be given a light sunny situation, a tem-

234

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

perature of from 55° to 60°, and, during its sea-
son of growth, a liberal supply of water both
overhead and at the roots. When the plants
show signs of flowering give copious supplies of
liquid manure two or three times a week. As the
Conoclinum is a plant of robust growth it should
be given a liberal allowance of room for its roots,
but care must be taken in this respect, as the plant
will not thrive if the soil becomes sour or water is
permitted to stand around its roots.

About the middle of May the plants should be
planted out in a deep, well enriched border, and
as soon as dry, hot weather sets in a mulch of
coarse, littery manure should be given, and when-
ever necessary, thoroughly watered. About the
first of September the plants should be carefully
taken up and potted, and on the approach of cold
weather brought inside. Propagation is effected
by cuttings of the half ripened wood placed in
sand and given gentle bottom heat, and if the
young plants are liberally cared for by being re-
potted as often as necessary, nice specimens can
soon be obtained.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Tree Tubs. — Everybody knows that after get-
ting our tubs for large plants made of the most
enduring woods, we are often worried over the
rotting away of the bottoms through contact with
the earth.

Clement & Dunbar, of Philadelphia, who make
the preparing of cedar tubs for plants a specialty

of business, have an arrangement by which inde-
pendent feet are fastened to the tub, as in the cut
annexed. It is a capital idea, and will be much
appreciated by the many who have had to worry
over new bottoms for old tubs.

Pacific Cut Flowers in Eastern Markets.
— In our last we gave an extract from an English
source in regard to the successful sending of cut
flowers of the Puritan Rose three thousand miles
across the ocean. There is no doubt if it can be
done with one rose it can be done with another,
and if it can be done over the ocean it can be
done over the land, and it will be done more per-
j fectly as experience teaches how to improve on
the processes. It would seem scarcely possible to
raise flowers cheap enough and bear the expense
of a voyage across the ocean, and still compete
with the English grower of cut flowers ; but it is
not at all impossible to come about as an actual
fact, for the population of Great Britain is so
large that there are few articles raised there equal
I to demand, and they have to look to other por-
j tions of the world for the balance of supplies they
; cannot raise for themselves.

j We have no doubt it was the thought of our en-
1 terprising florists, on readmg that paragraph, that
! they might live to see a profitable cut flower trade
from our country with the Old World. But while
Eastern florists of our country may be thinking of
making this commercial raid on the floral markets
of the Old World, the Pacific florists are thinking of
making a similar raid on the East. Cold storage
has been reduced to such a fine art that capitalists
have been found willing to invest largely in the
venture, and we believe arrangements have been
made the coming winter and spring to ship East
enormous quantities of cut flowers. We have
heard of one firm that has planted out 25,000
roses. 30 000 tuberoses have been planted, and
so great is the confidence in success that arrange-
ments have been made by this one firm to have
ten acres of tuberoses next year, all for the sake
of the flowers alone.

To make success certain the firm will have
"two strings to its bow." Perfumery is to be a
part of the business. Whenever the price of
flowers falls below a pnying price their goodness
will be extracted for the benefit of the lovers of
odor all over the world. Thirty acres are already
in actual use, and it is believed that two hundred
can be profitably worked in this way before this
time next year. This is the outline of but one
single firm.

Usually capital is easily frightened, and the fact
that enormous capital has been found for the ven-
ture shows that the chances of success have been
carefully scrutinized, and that the venture will
probably be fully equal to anticipation.
When we remember how the profitable branch

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

235

of growing hot-house grapes was almost wholly
superseded in the East by the success of Califor-
nia shipments, Eastern florists may well feel that
the influx of California flowers may produce sim-
ilar results in some degree.

NiPHETOS. — Judging by the following, a corres-
pondent of the Gardeners' Chronicle does not
think anything will beat Niphetos as a White
Tea. But then it is such a delicate grower in Am-
erican rose houses.

"A Tea has reached us from America which
has been received with much favor; it is a sport
from Catherine Mermet, the pink of that rose be-
ing replaced with white, and a slight soupcon of
primrose at the base, about as much as we see in
Gloire Lyonnaise ; a box of it was exhibited this
spring at one of the Royal Horticultural Society's
shows by Mr. D. Gilmour. jun., and was greatly
admired; but the general opinion, I think, was,
that as a white tea rose Niphetos still holds the
palm. There may be other roses which may come
to the front, but I think these will be amongst the
most noteworthy."

The Meteor Rose. — Of this Mr. Evans says:
"This is a remarkably rich dark velvety crimson
Hybrid Tea rose, without the least tint suggestive
of purple. It is a constant and good bloomer,
very vigorous and healthy in growth, with no ten-
dency to mildew. No red rose ever before of-
fered retains its colors as does 'The Meteor.' A
Philadelphia florist who has handled a few blooms
during the past winter pronounces it 'the best
keeping rose he has ever seen,' he having kept it
for one week without any visible change in color.
I consider that a superior merit in this rose con-
sists in the fact that, in addition to its good win-
ter-blooming capacity, it is at the same time a
glorious rose for the summer season."

Cut Flower Arrangements for a Dinner
Table. — The Journal of Horticulture thus de-
scribes the floral arrangements at a very aristo-
cratic dinner table recently :

"The table was laid for thirty, and light was
supplied by five candelabra arranged down the
centre. The central one was raised on a block
one foot high, the next pair nine inches, and those
at each end on blocks six inches high. Sheets of
brown paper were placed right down the centre of
the table. Mounds of fresh green moss were then
formed around each of the blocks with a grad-
ual slope to the top. The diameter of the
central mound at the base was about twenty
inches, the next pair seventeen, and the outside
ones fifteen ; the space between the mounds was
then covered with moss, but instead of joining the
outer edge of it in straight lines from one mound
to the other, it was hollowed out so as to form the
arc of a large circle sweeping towards the centre

of the table from either side, which gave the whole
design an informal appearance. It is now easy
to imagine the centre of this as being covered
with moss, with mounds rising around the candle-
sticks, and the outline hollowed out between the
mounds ; when this is done the most troublesome
part of the work is over. The outer edge of the
moss was then edged with brightly colored pieces
of Alternanthera amoena, which formed a beauti-
ful contrast to the white tablecloth on one side and
fresh green moss on the other. Two light, grace-
ful Palms were next placed between the central
candelabrum and those on each side of it, and
small mounds made at their base to cover the
pots. In the centre of the space between the
other candlesticks two more mounds were formed
around plants of Pandanus Veitchi, and at each
end of the table a n^le-looking Pine was placed ;
the whole surface of moss was then dotted irregu-
larly with flowers of bright and distinct colors,
such as Poinsettias, Camellias, white Chrysanthe-
mums, Eucharis, Epiphyllums, Primulas, Carna-
tions, Pelargoniums, and Azaleas, with small
sprays of Salvias and flowers of Cyclamen peep-
ing up here and there among fronds of Maiden-
hair Fern, with fronds of Pteris serrulata stand-
ing up well above the flowers. Fronds of Poly-
siichums angulare proliferum. with Nephrolepis
tuberosa and Cyperus springing up around the
base of the candlesticks, completed the arrange-
ment, the whole having the appearance of verdant
undulating banks, with flowers and plants spring-
ing up from them in charming simplicity and pro-
fusion."

Rose, the Puritan.— In regard to the manner
in which these were shipped from America: Two
dozen cut blooms were staged, all of which had
been received from America in the " Etruria,"
which left New York on the 2d inst., and arrived
in Liverpool on the nth inst , the bloom being
conveyed thence to London by rail. Half the
number of blooms were conveyed upright in tubes
of water, and the others were firmly packed in
damp cotton wool in tightly closed tin boxes, and
these traveled better than the others, arriving in
a remarkably fresh condition.

Tuberose Bulbs.— Natal, in South Africa, now
raises tuberose bulbs of such excellent quality,
that they bring fair figures in the London market.

Cheap Orchids. — In England this means
orchids that can be bought for about one or two
dollars each.

Sowing Seeds of Amaryllis. — A correspon-
dent of the Gardeners' Chronicle says :

" Sow about fifty seeds in a 5 inch pot, place in
a good bottom-heat, and they will vegetate in two
or three weeks. In a month or so from the time
of sowing prick the young plants out in 5-inch
pots, a dozen in a pot ; plunge again in bottom-
heat, and they will form strong plants by the end

236

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[August,

of the season. It is very important that the plants
be grown well, as it makes all the difference as to \
the time of flowering. A very large proportion of I
the plants have to be thrown away when they have !
flowered, therefore it is desirable to get them into |
flower as soon as possible. 1 have obtained ,
flowers in nineteen months, but many plants will I
take a year longer, and some will not flower until ]
the third year. They get very little rest with us |
until they do flower ; the first winter they are kept |
continually in a growing state, and the second [
winter nearly so. '

Calla Lily.— Calla lily by the florists of this j
country is the name of the Arum lily of the Eng-
hsh florists. The old name was Ethiopian lily,
and it has been called Easter lily — no doubt other
English names will be given to it— but the one
botanical name of Richardia Ethiopica, will iden-
tify the plant all over the world, though it may be
a hard name for some to remember.

Pot Mignonette. — In the Old World an
enormous number of pot plants are grown and
sold for window or small conservatory culture, of
some popular flowers; there are sometimes florists
who grow only the one kind. One who deals al-
most exclusively in Mignonette, and consequently
excels in its culture, grows the plants in the fol-
lowing way according to the Gardeners Chronicle :

" For some years this fragrant favorite has been
grown here in a way that, taking into account the
small pots in which it is grown (in 48's) I have
not before seen equalled, either for the size and
vigor of the plants, or the profusion of flowers
they carry. The first sowing is made in July, the
plants from which are in flower early in March,
successional sowings being made so as to keep
up a supply through the summer. Of the first
sowings one plant is grown in a pot; from the
spring sowing, several together. The variety
grown is a selection from the French sort —
Matchet— and which Mr. Ward considers un-
equalled for pot culture, both for the robust habit
of the plants, and the length and substance of the
flower spikes, those on the plants selected for seed
frequently reaching a length of 18 inches: it is
a red-flowered variety. After the plants are housed
in autumn they are stood in single rows on shelves
that run along over the paths down the centre of
the houses ; here, close to the glass, they ketp
short and stocky. The plants from the early sow-
ings are stopped once, and the side shoots are all
tied out horizontally, so as to secure well furnished
bottoms. About 6,000 pots are grown."

It may be remarked here, that the English foL
low the old plan of naming their flowerpots accord-
ing to the number of pots that can be made out
of a bushel of clay. They can get forty eight
flower pots out of this measure, 4 inches wide at
the top. Instead of calling it a 4 inch pot, they
go as 48's.

Color in Plants. — No variation of plants is
more common than those of color, and the color of
plants is one of the readiest marks of distinction.
We find it scattered through all the classes of
nature animate and inanimate, decking with tints
of equal brilliance the shell, the gem, birds,
beasts, and reptiles, clouds which attend upon the
rising or setting sun, as well as our leaves and
flowers, and with no apparent use but that of de-
lighting and cheering mankind with a perpetual
display of heauiy.— London Journal of Horti-
culture.

«-■-»

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

New Kinds of Mignonette. — The growers of
England are still trying their hands at raising
new varieties of Mignonette. The latest result of
their labors is Cannell's Perfection. The flower
spike measures four inches long and two inches
broad, according to cuts that we have seen.

A New Rose Sporting from Souvenir de
la Malmaison.— The Deutsche Gartner Zeitung,
of Erfurt, says that a beautiful sport has been
secured from this famous old variety. It appeared
on a plant in a garden at Lubeck. The branch
has been propagated, and the variety has proved
permanent.

A New Style of Cineraria. — A Scotch paper
says of an exhibition : " Messrs. Gordon & Son,
nurserymen, Edinburgh, exhibited Cineraria .Alex-
ander Warwick, in which the florets were slightly
convoluted from about half their length to the
base, thus showing the under side in the manner
of Gaillardia Lorenziana. The flower is distinct
from anything else, and is not wanting in a certain
elegance, which would, of course, vary with the
color."

Sweet-scented Chrysanthemums. — A variety
called Progne is said to be pleasantly sweet-
scented.

«-•-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Carnation, Old gold. — Under this name Mr.
Higley, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, sends us a flower
of one,' which describes its color in its name. It
is a very good one, and may become popular,
should the taste, always uncertain, run in the
direction of that color.

Columnea Schediana. — Mr. Higley sends a
plant for name, which we give above. It is a
gesneraceous plant, and is useful for baskets.

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

237

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

A very suggestive article in our last was that on
strawberries. But it was written by an amateur
for amateurs, and would scarcely be "payable"
for market growers. They prefer as a general
thing to plant in spring, give one year to culture
and growth, and have the fruit crop the next year.
Still, the number who plant in fall is large, and is
increasing since the wide-spread method of grow-
ing the runners for a little while in pots was intro-
duced. The pots are filled with rich earth, sunk in
the ground around the mother plants, and in a few
weeks have a little ball by which they can be trans-
planted without the slightest check, though shipped
hundreds of miles. Almost a full crop can be had
in this way the following season ; though, prob-
ably the growers could not afford to sell them at
the price per quart good fruit could be bought for
in market.

There are, however, many cases where pot
rooted runners cannot be had, and the old method
must be resorted to. But there is a right way and
a wrong way even in this. The following among
the right ways would be regarded as a very good
way:

After a piece of ground is dug at this season for
strawberries, roll it well with the garden roller.
When ready to plant make holes with a dibble,
fill the holes with water, and when it soaks away,
put your plant which has been kept in water to
prevent wilting. But, in putting in the plant do
not plant too deep. "Too deep" kills ninety-nine
hundredths of all the strawberries that die in the
year from transplanting. "Too deep" is when
anything but the small fibres are buried under the
surface.

In the story books we sometimes see pretty pic-
tures showing how strawberry roots are to be
" spread all around nice." A little cone is made
in the middle, the plant set on the apex, and the
roots running like mountain streams down the
cone on every side. This is a very pretty plan,
but will give us no more strawberries. There is
little romance in a strawberry fibre. They push
out, pump water into the plant for a few months
and then die. No strawberry root lasts twelve
months. New ones push and old ones die daily.

All things considered, for an amateur garden

the best plan is to set the plants in line six inches
apart, the rows eighteen inches apart, and
every fourth row omitted, as it were, to form
an alleyway between the beds; on this plan,
as the plants grow, they can either have their run-
ners cut off, or they may be allowed to go together
in bed form, according to the kinds grown or views
of the grower.

Even where pot grown runners are employed
care must be taken not to have the crown be-
low the surface of the earth.

The grape-vine at this season will require atten-
tion to see that the leaves are all retained healthy
till thoroughly ripened. It is not a sign of health-
iness for a vine to grow late ; on the contrary,
such late growth generally gets killed in the win-
ter— but the leaves should all stay on to insure the
greatest health of the vine until the frost comes,
when they should all be so mature as to fall to-
gether. Frequent heavy syringings are amongst
the best ways to keep off insects from out door
grapes, and so protect the foliage from their
ravages.

This cannot, of course, be done on a large
scale, and where fruit must be produced at a cer-
tain low figure or not at all. For, all plans for
drawing liquids for syringing purposes, necessarily
involve heavy hauling and expenditure. So far
as we know there has been no cheap method
introduced for the destruction of such injurious
insects as the grape-vine leaf hopper.

In the East this season the lant caterpillar has
been very destructive — much more so than usual.
Trees have been stripped of foliage as completely
as if attacked by the canker-worm. There is
little excuse for this damage, as in many cases the
branches could have been cut off and burned
before much damage was done, and branches
out of reach been aided by a torch on a long
pole.

As soon as your vegetable crops are past
kitchen use, clear them out. Never suffer them
to seed. In the first place, a seed crop exhausts
the soil more than two crops taken off in an eat-
able condition ; in the next place, the refuse of
the kitchen is likely to produce degenerate
j stocks. Good seed saving is a special art by
itself, always claiming the earliest and best to in-
1 sure a perfect stock.

238

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

Celery will require earthing up as it grows to
get it to blanch well. It is not well, however, to
commence too early, as earthing up tends, in a
slight degree, to weaken the growth of the plants.
Take care, also, not to let the soil 'get into the
heart in earthing, or the crown is apt to rot.

As fast as endive is desired for salad it should
be blanched. Matting thrown over is the best for
this purpose, as the plants are not so liable to rot
as when pots or boards are employed.

In cold or mountainous regions melons are
hastened in the ripening process, and improved in
flavor, by a piece of tile being placed under the
fruit.

Keep weeds from your compost heaps, as they
exhaust the soil, and bear seeds for future brow-
sweatings.

Sow lettuce for fall crop thinly, and in deep and
very rich ground.

Early Valentine beans may still be sown early
in the month — the soil for a late crop should be
well trenched, or, if the fall be dry, they will be
stringy and tough.

Cucumbers, squash, and other similar plants,
often suffer from drought at this season. Cold
water does not help them much, but a mulching of
half-rotten leaves strengthens them considerably.

Cut down straggling herbs, and they will make
new heads for next season.

Towards the end of the month, a sowing of
spinach may be made in rich soil, which will
come in for use before winter. That desired
for winter and early spring use is usually
sown in September in this region. A few turnips
may also be sown for an early crop, but will be
hot and stringy unless the soil is very rich.

Corn salad is often sown at the end of this
month. It does not do so well in damp soil or low
situation.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FRUIT GROWING AND CHANGE OF

CLIMATE.

BY AN OLD ENGLISHMAN.

If I read the Gardeners' Monthly aright, I
believe its estimable Editor does not believe in a
change of climate, and consequently that fruit-
growing will vary in its successes according as
climates change. I am inchned to believe that
there is more change in climate going on than the
Editor seems willing to concede. As I had my
early gardening education in England, I may be

pardoned for referring to English experiences.
There can be no question that centuries ago the
European, or foreign grape as we say here, did
well in most parts of England. The old monks
almost all made excellent wine from the grapes
they grew in their cloisters ; and in almost all
parts of the south of England there are localities
known as the " Vineyard," showing that at some
time in the vague past grape-vines were grown
there. But there is nothing more certain now
than that this grape will no longer ripen any-
where in the open air in England. I do not
mean to say that it cannot be done. There may
be a case here and there to show what I say is not
absolutely true ; but certain it is that any one
would be regarded as crazy, certain sure, who
would set out a vineyard as the jolly old monks
used to do.

Now, as to peaches ; when I was a boy, and in
training for a gardener, the place where I learned
the business was famous for its peaches. They
were trained fan-shape against the southern face
of a brick wall. It was about the whole of my
autumn, winter and spring work to prune and
train those peach trees, under the instructions of
the chief gardener. With a bag of "shreds"
made from the refuse of the tailor's shop, cast iron
four square nails, a hammer and short ladder, every
branch was trained out as regular as the veins
on a bat's wing. I tell you I used to be proud of
that wall of peaches ! Whoppers as big as your
double fists and as sweet as honey ! Just imagine
thousands of these rosy-cheeked beauties from the
ground to the coping for hundreds of yards in
length along this wall ! I have never seen peaches
like these in America, fine as they often are, and I
have often been mocked and jeered for saying so.

Well, I took a trip with some American friends
to the Old World a few years ago, and promised
to show them something in the peach line that
would make their mouths water. Gracious Jupi-
ter ! I couldn't find any good for anything, and I
began to be ashamed of my position. Deter-
mined to prove my words, I took a journey to my
old place with my American friend. The old
gardener was still living, and before I had hardly
got into the grounds he commenced apologizing
lor his peach trees. " They didn't do good no
more." Sure enough, it was a pitiable sight. My
old friends had been long rooted out, and new
ones, with new soil and everything ! Half bare
walls, poor trees, and few miserable peaches.
"Thechmate has changed," said he; " you will
find it so everywhere ;" and so it was. I did not

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

239

see a peach tree anywhere as I had known them
in my boyhood days.

I thought perhaps it was a bad year. But by
the EngHsh papers, which in memory of old times
I still love to read, I find that it was not tempo-
rary, but continuous. I take the enclosed extract
from the Garden, which I hope you will find
room for, as it confirms my statement :

" I can remember when we used to gather the
Royal George, Noblesse, and other peaches in
first-class style, both for size, coloring and ripen-
ing outside ; they, indeed, compared equally with
many now grown under glass. At this time the
trees gave not only a few good specimens of fruit,
but literally basketfuls ; and the period in ques-
tion extended from the year i860 to 1870. Before
that time, I cannot say, from experience, if they
had thriven so well. A marked change took
place, beginning about the end of the latter year,
and ever since not only did these crops diminish
in quantity annually, but now, in the same gar-
den, the trees themselves refuse to grow. Each
year saw the verdant trees on the wall torn away
piece by piece, leaving only a wretched, half
dead stem, with few limbs, boldly struggling for
existence, at varied intervals, until at length their
increasing unsightliness occasioned their entire
removal. While undergomg this change, they
were devastated by all manner of diseases and in-
sect pests, such as red spider, green and brown
aphis, and that strange disease, caused by a fun-
gus, which results in the curling and thickening of
the leaves. It was interesting to see the action of
this disease upon the leaves in some seasons. As
a rule, the whole of them were attacked and ulti-
mately fell off, new ones taking their place ; and
often many were only affected on one side of the
mid-rib, giving that side, in some cases, not less
than four inches in breadth."

Now, is it not the same in America ? The for-
eign grape grew here once very well ; but no one
can do it now. New Jersey was once the para-
dise of the peach grower ; but though there are
yet spots where they thrive admirably, it is rather
exceptional than the rule. Are not all these evi-
dences of climatic changes? I would not venture
to send these remarks to some papers. Editors do
not like to be contradicted ; but the Editor of the
Monthly seems rather to court than avoid criti-
cism, so I am tempted.

[Exactly, The Editor of the Gardeners'
Monthly feels like the judge who asserted :
"This court would rather be right than be Presi-
dent."

Still, while we admit all the facts, we cannot
see how such sudden changes can come from
gradual changes of climate. We fancy there
must have been some other causes at work. But
the subject is too broad to be discussed here now.
We are thankful for the criticism. — Ed. G. M.l

PEARS AND THEIR HISTORY.

BY THOMAS FRANCIS RIVERS.

I have been asked to give some account of what
I know about pears. There is, of course, much
to be said about a fruit which more than any other
attracts the attention of the cultivated pomologist
from the extraordinary development it has attained
in our own time, the ancients having been con-
tented with fruit certainly unequal in flavor to
that which we enjoy. M. Andr(§ Leroy, in his dic-
tionary of pomology, has taken the trouble to
make very learned researches regarding antique
pears, and enumerates four Greek and thirty-five
sorts of ancient Rome ; but he does not fix the
time when these ceased to be catalogued, and
gives only twelve sorts of Italian pears between
the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the varieties
cultivated in France from Charlemagne to Louis
XIII. numbering two hundred and sixty kinds.
Pliny names twenty kinds. Varro, Palladius,
Cato, Columella, and Virgil are also pomologists
and pear lovers. The latter is very urgent in the
matter of grafting pears, but seems to have been
aware of the modern axiom that "he who plants
pears, plants for his heirs."

In 1665. John Rea published the " Flora, Ceres,
and Pomona," in which he gives a list of twenty-
one pears, described as being very good, one of
them rejoicing in the extraordinary name of Dead
Man's pear. He describes the Wmter Bon Chre-
tien as one of the most excellent, but requiring to
be grafted on the Quince stock and trained to a
wall. He also says, " that there are several good
sorts of Wardens and baking pears." In 1693,
John Evelyn published a translation of the works
of Monsieur de la Ouintinye, a very voluminous,
exact, and twaddling French author. In advising
the setting out of a plantation of dwarf pear trees,
he begins with the choice of a dwarf tree to be
planted alone—/, e., the Winter Bon Chretien,
giving several reasons for this preference. " r.
Because of its antiquity, and that by its singular
excellence it gained the admiration and courtship
of the world, the great monarchies, and princi-
pally that of old Rome having known and culti-
vated it under the name of Crustumium. 2. It
was baptized at the very birth of Christianity itself,
and consequently it should have the veneration of
all Christian gardeners. 3. It should be con-
sidered of itself and with respect only to its own
proper merit, which alone can entitle it to a pre-
ference." This is, at all events, a very proper de-
cision to arrive at, but the Winter Bon Chretien

240

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

has not kept the high rank assigned to it. De la ,
Quintinye indulges in the most extravagant ex
pressions of esteem : " That it grows to the weight
of two pounds, that it is considered a handsome
present to persons of quality, and that it is a
pear the beauty of which has caused the ablest
gardeners to labor for it with the greatest passion."
I have had a good experience of pears, but I have
never known this precious pear except by name,
but it may have degenerated, or we of the present
time are more particular in our tastes. Of the
other varieties named by Mons. de la Quintinye,
the Autumn Bergamot, the St. Germain, the Col-
mar, and Crassane, have survived to our own
time, but without holding rank as first-class fruit ;
he, however, highly commends the Beurre Rouge,
classing this as a synonym of the B. d'Amboise
and Isambert, which he says " possesses the first
degree of goodness— viz., a smooth, delicious soft-
ness with a fine delicate pulp," wasting many good
epithets on the Winter Bon Chretien which would
have been more properly applied to the Beurre
Rouge. The Autumn Bergamot is not highly com-
mended, although our friend says, " that it has a
numerous and formidable party, and, indeed, that
a thousand people assert that for its tender and i
melting pulp, its sweet and sugary juice, and
the little smack of perfume which accompanies
it, that it is more valuable than all other pears
in general," remarks which a great many ig-
norant people make at the present day. De
la Quintinye names some ninety or a hundred
sorts of which some of the names are expressive, as
Greedy Guts, Chew Good, Dj.ughter of God, or
Fille Dieu. Some few of the sorts remain, among
them the Rousselets, Chaumontel, and St. Lezin.
De la Quintinye's reasons for the enjoyment of
pears are curious. He states that " the rigorous
cold which lasts from November to March en-
joins our placing ourselves near the fire, and that
to counteract the external foreign heat then taken
in. Nature has provided us with pears to prevent
the great infirmities which might happen to us
from the enjoyment of so much heat. So, precisely
at this time she has given us an admirable
quantity of tender fruit, such as Bergamots, Louise
Bonnes, Les Chasseries. Amberts, Virgoulees,
Epines, and St. Augustines." This garrulous au-
thor provides for the plantation of a thousand
trees, but states that " the planter of so many
would be a curious gentleman, for how could he
dispose of 12,000 pears unless he gave them away
or made perry of them?" This difficulty would
not be felt now. He concludes his remarks on

pears by a list of fifty good, forty-four indifferent,
and sixty-six bad sorts.

In 1729, Batty Langley, in the "Pomona,"
gives the names of fifty-seven pears. Those
which are named by him and still cultivated are
the Brown Beurre, Autumn Bergamot, Hampden's
ditto, Crassane, Epine d'Hiver, Jargonelle, Swan's
Egg, and Windsor, among baking pears the Black
pear of Worcester and Catillac. Mr. Langley is
not enthusiastic about pears.

Switzer enumerates eighty pears, advising the
planting of the English Bergamot, " because of
its goodness and antiquity, it being not impossible
that it has been an inhabitant of this island ever
since Julius Caesar conquered it, and that possibly
it was the Assyrian Pear of Virgil, and was, as
may be deduced from this, a part of the cele-
brated Gardens of Alcinous." A tree of this sort
in the Sawbridgeworth Nurseries is said to be 300
years old. The pears selected by Switzer appear
certainly to have been the best of that time, and
he testifies to the extreme goodness of the Winter
Bon Chretien.

Philip Miller, in his " Gardeners' Dictionary,"
1759, begins his list with Petit Muscat, and passes
on to the Chio. Citron des Carmes, La Bellissime,
bearing two crops in July and September, Jargon-
elle, and Cuisse Madame. The Cuisse Madame
of the French is classed as a good pear, and the
Jargonelle as third rate ; but Mons. Leroy de-
scribes the Cuisse Madame as a small inferior
pear, ripening about the end of August, consider-
ing it as one of the few historical Greek pears
which have come down to us. The Poire d'Epargne
or Jargonelle of Andre Leroy does not correspond
with the outline of our Jargonelle, and he does
not praise the fruit, calling it good only for the
season. Our true English Jargonelle when ripened
on a wall is exceedingly good, juicy and refresh-
ing. Probably the spurious Jargonelle, which un-
doubtedly exists, has been introduced by those
who have imported this sort from France, having
been misled by the name, not being aware that
' the Jargonelle of the French nurseries is not the
' kind which passes under that name with us. Leroy
! says that Miller has muddled the Jargonelle, and
' that the confusion caused by him has lasted to
our own time, the mischief arising from the Jar-
j gonelle and Cuisse Madame being classed by
Mills as synonymous.

! Miller names eighty sorts, and states that he has
I included in his list many sorts that are not worth
planting, to please those who are fond of a great
variety. He is aware of the eccentricity of the

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

241

ripening period of pears, for he says, " I have
known the fruit of a pear tree in one year all ripe
and gone by the middle of October, and the very
next year the fruit has not been fit to eat until the
very middle of December." All of us can en-
dorse Miller's remarks. I have found it a very
difficult matter to fix the date of ripening, and
the variations noticed in 1759, find their equiva-
lent in 1886. In reference to this matter, Miller
says that "if we look back to the best French au-
thors of fifty years ago, they put down the times
of ripening of pears a month or six weeks later
than now, and that in London it is much about
the same, the time of ripening in London being
quite as forward as Paris." This remark does not
seem to indicate that the climate is becoming-
colder, as many are inclined to think. There
are many writers on pomology after Philip
Miller, but as far as the names of pears are con-
cerned we may step from 1759 to 1831, when a
book was published by George Lindley and edited
by Dr. Lindley, entitled "A Guide to the Orchard
and Kitchen Garden." The list of pears is here
brought down nearly to our own time, 150 dessert
pears being enumerated, among them many of
our old friends of 1665, 1693, 1729, 1731, and
1789, and adding to the list a number of new sorts
raised from seed by Van Mons, Nelis and others.
Accordmg to Lindley many of these are not worth
much, the Duchesse d'Angouleme and Beurre
Diel being credited with special praise, the Marie
Louise, however, not being very highly com-
mended. In 1842 the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety published a list of 442 sorts, and Dr. Hogg,
in the fifth edition of the " Fruit Manual," 1884.
describes 732 sorts. Andr(§ Leroy, in the " Dic-
tionary of Pomology," has 915 sorts, and the cry
is, " Still they come." The new sorts that have
been constantly introduced showing that the
highest standard of excellence has not yet been
reached, and that no fruit is so susceptible of high
development as the pear, as it advances step by
step with the higher cultivation of man ; this ad-
vance being by no means rapid, as it has taken
many centuries to produce a pear of the quahty
of the Doyenn6 du Comice, this fruit being far
superior to any of those noticed by Lindley in 183 1 .
It is curious that Shakespeare, country bred,
should never have mentioned pears by name,
save once, in " Romeo and Juliet," when he al-
ludes to the Popperin pear, now known in Wor-
cestershire as the Poplar pear, still one of the
common perry pears of the county. It is evident
from this meager notice of pears that Shake-

speare's tastes were not gratified by good fruit.
In "The Merry Wives of Windsor," he uses the
phrase, " crestfallen like a dried pear." The
plump and juicy pears of our century when fallen
rot before they wither, but the tough perry pears
wither before they rot. Worcestershire abounds
with pear orchards, and Shakespeare, had he seen
these orchards in full bloom, would surely have
expressed his admiration. There is no allusion
in any of his plays, poems, or sonnets to the
beautiful spectacle of a pear tree sheeted with its
snow-white blossoms. Another country poet, Rob-
ert Herrick, although enthusiastic in praise of
strawberries and che/ries, never alludes to pears.
Herrick spent the best years of his life in Devon-
shire, which must have been almost destitute of
pear trees. Sir John Suckling celebrates the
charms of a young lady in his lines —

Her cheeks are like the Katharine pear,
Tlie side that's next the sun.

Batty Langley notices two Katharine pears, the
Royal and the Queen.

[It is interesting to note that few English writers,
in their histories of pears, refer to the work of
Bauhin in Wurtemberg, to which we made recent
reference. It showed that pear culture in Germany
three hundred years ago, was more eminent than
modern authors credit that age with. — Ed. G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Curculio im Califorxia. — "F.," Chicago,
desires to know : Why the curculio has not been
introduced into California, as well as the codlin
moth, so destructive to the apple ?

We can only say that it has been found in sev-
eral instances, we believe, but so far has not
found out the happy faculty of spreading itself.

Though it has been found, it is so rare, that the
conclusion is reached that there is something
there unfavorable to its success.

Forcing Strawberries. — For all the talk of
having fruit from the southern parts of our coun-
try, there are several months when strawberries
are not to be had ; and those who are forcing
them find great encouragement. We have had
several articles in recent volumes from our own
growers, but as the art of forcing strawberries has
reached great perfection in the old world, we give
the following as the experience of one of their best
growers. "32's," we believe, are five or six inch
pots :

" I have for many years read articles in the
Gardeners' Chronicle and other gardening papers

242

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

on the best strawberries for pot culture, but do
not remember having seen Auguste Nicaise re-
commended for that purpose to those who are not
always successful with other varieties that they
have grown. I have grown this sort in pots for
several years, and have found that, with good
treatment, it invariably produces excellent crops
of very large fruit. I have this year gathered
fruit from it. eighteen of which weighed a pound,
and these from plants growing in 32 pots, with
from twelve to twenty strawberries to each plant.
The treatment the plants received, from which the
above mentioned large fruits were gathered, was
that they were layered in small pots as soon as
the runners were procurable, contrary to the prac-
tice of many gardeners ; but if plants are desired
with good strong crowns before winter, there is
nothing like making a timely show. When well '
rooted they were potted in 32's, and as soon as
these were fairly well filled with roots they re-
ceived weak manure water two or three times a
week until the autumn. They were wintered in a
cold pit, and in the spring put into the vinery, not
having the advantage of a strawberry-house. The
plants were taken in some time previous to clos-
ing the house, or putting on heat to start the
vines. This is very important, as the plants then
start very slowly compared with what they would
if put at once into heat, which weakens the plants
to a great extent. As soon as the plants loegan
growing freely they received manure-water liber-
ally until the fruit began to ripen, when it was
again discontinued.— ^5". Webber, Hall Grove."

The Gooseberry Fruit borer. — The goose-
berry moth, Halia Vanaria, which "stings" the
gooseberry as our codlin moth perforates apples,
is reported to have been particularly destructive
this year. The English fruit-eater cannot get
along without his gooseberry, and he will have to
pay dear for his mouthful this summer.

American Apples in England.— We suppose
figures must tell correct tales, and when the Eng-
lish tell us they paid us $3,500,000 for our apples
last year we shut our eyes and are thankful.

The^Grape Rot. — This disease has been terri-
ble through the grape-growing regions of Virginia.
The crop is said to be a total failure. The cele-
brated French methods have been tried in New
Jersey, and found utterly worthless to help the
grape-grower; but this may have been from the
application not having been given until the little
fungus had got fast hold of its victim.

Sorghum Sugar.— Prof. Harvey W. Wiley has
been long in the employ of the Agricultural De-
partment at Washington, endeavoring to master
the whole subject of sugar from sorghum. He
concludes that the formation of sucrose by the
plant is only an accidental or adventitious pro-
cess, and only occurs from waste material. He

concludes from this fact that sugar from sorghum
will never be an industry that any one can long
engage in, as the results will be more or less acci-
dental. Sometimes plants may yield a good per-
centage of sugar, at other times none at all. — In-
dependent.

Asparagus. — The great trouble in England to
the asparagus growers seems to be the swarms of
rabbits. In America the great trouble is the small
beetle which has lately appeared. The European
trouble can be overcome by traps, while the Amer-
ican must be done away with by Paris Green.

Protecting Potato from Colorado Beetle.
— It is surprising how slow profitable information
travels. It is now many years since the Garden-
ers' Monthly first proposed to destroy the beetle
with Paris Green. This has been taken up so
generally by the agricultural press, and so gene-
rally practiced, that one would suppose that, large
as our country is, there is not a corner so obscure
that this light has not shined into it.

By the following from a daily paper it seems
there are yet some dark places :

"Gathering potato bugs is quite a lucrative
business in parts of Virginia, and as high as $2 a
day is earned by some of the women engaged in
it. Compensation is at the rate of five cents per
'yeast powder' can full of the insects."

There is some hope for intelligence even here,
since they possess at least "yeast powder cans."
The whole lump will be leavened eventually.

NEW FRUITS & VEGETABLES.

Colored Plates of Fruits. — The June Hor-
ticultural Art JournalhdiS plates of the Arkansas
apple — a very pretty dark red of large size, said
to be a first class variety for the South. The
Shannon is another Arkansas apple, large and
yellow. The Puyallup Mammoth gooseberry, a
variety of the English race, but raised in Oregon ;
and a very good illustration of the Pocklington
grape.

Varieties of Turnip. — It is wonderful to con-
template how great has been the improvement in
garden vegetables during the past quarter of a
century. There is now so much variety that
every class of taste may be suited. The Lan-
dreths have issued a colored plate in which are no
less than thirteen kinds of various forms, from
long like a carrot to a perfect globe. When
cooked the taste is as various as the form. The
yellows especially have a wholly different flavor
from the whites.

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

243

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Fire Blight in the Fear in Tennessee.— A
lackson, Tennessee, conespondent writes: "I
would like to ask you if you can tell me what ails
my pear trees. They die back. A small limb
will die, and when I cut the dead limb off another
dies, and they keep on that way, I am afraid
they will all die. If you could tell me what
is the matter with them and what to do for them,
you would do me a lasting tavor, and I should be
very much obliged."

[It would appear from this note that the terrible
fire blight, so destructive m other regions, has
only just made its appearance in this part of the
world. This does not indicate any change of
climate, electrical conditions, or any of the sup-
posed phenomena so often brought in to account
for the disease, for no one will believe there has
been any material difference in this respect since
the pear was first planted there ; but it does show
that something has been introduced that was not
there during the many years that the pear trees
were healthy. This may be such a low-lived or-
ganism as the species of bacteria described by
Professors Burrill and Arthur. These little plants
are somewhat of the nature of the " mildews and
moulds" of general literature. They come and
go, like that which causes smallpox or yellow
fever, no one knows why or how. So far as the
pear is concerned, it is some comfort that, like
smallpox or yellow fever, its appearance is not
regular or persistent. It will sometimes sweep
away a whole orchard, and then it may never ap-
pear again. It has been, moreover, noted that
after it has once appeared with great virulence, it
is rarely very bad again in the same locality, at
least for a number of years. We cannot say that
we know of any protection against the disease, or
cure for it after it appears; but you may goon
and cut out the diseased branches, or plant new
trees in the place of those wholly destroyed, with
little fear of being a bad sufferer the second time.
—Ed. G. M.]

Pears on the Quince Stock. — A Pittsburg
correspondent wants to know why, as pears on
the quince stock are so much cheaper, he should
not plant them in preference to the more costly
standard. We cannot answer the question to our
mind, because we do not know the circumstances.
But in a general way we may say that for or-
chard culture few persons would plant anything
but Standards. They are generally more enduring,
and in a long term of years we believe more

profitable. It is to be said to the credit of the
pear on quince, however, that it requires more
knowledge and skill than on its own roots. Peo-
ple ignorant of all horticultural knowledge should
have nothing to do with dwarf pears. Those who
are skilful in pruning, and know how to give
them plenty of good food and not too much, may-
beat the standard pear grower with them. But
the number of these good fellows is few.

Large Cherries. — A Germantown correspon-
dent sends us some cherries of Napoleon Bigga-
reau, which he asks through the Monthly
whether any larger have been produced of that
variety. They measured just three inches round.

Couch Grass. — •• C. J. T.," Flora Dale, Pa.,
says: " Enclosed please find a specimen of grass I
have growing upon my farm ; it started here several
years ago, and has been spreading very rapidly
despite my efforts to check its growth. I have
one field in corn now, which is the third successive
crop, but the • Devil grass,' (as I call it for the
want of a belter name) still 'holds the fort;' the
roots form a complete mat or net-work, and when
allowed to stand unmolested for a year or two, is
very difficult to plow or break up ; it also crowds
everything else out. Neither wheat or any other
kind of grass will grow where it has a foothold.
Can you tell me its proper name ? and do you
know of any way to eradicate it ? An answer to
this question will be appreciated.

" If you cannot answer these questions you per-
haps would know to whom to refer them better
than I, and I think the American farmer would do
well to keep an eye on this pest."

[The Couch grass, Triticum repens. Extremely-
hard to eradicate when unintelligently attacked,
but easily destroyed when pursued with good
judgment. About three hoeings when the leaves
are young, will destroy the whole crop in a single
season. Of course care must be taken not to let
a single plant mature leaves, or all the labor will
be lost.— Ed. G. M.]

Cultivating Ginseng.— "C. B. R.," Albany,
Whiteside co., III., referring to the note of "Mrs.
E. J. D.," Nicholasville, Ky., desires to know
whether an effort to cultivate it in Western North
Carolina, might not succeed. He has always had
a desire to settle in that part of North Carolina, if
he could have an object, and thinks this might be
an inducement.

We can can only say, that a few years ago when
the Editor was traveling in North Carolina, he
was taken in and hospitably entertained for the

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

night at a small house at the foot of Iron Moun- 1 be ascertained before much capital is invested,
tain, that had a nice country garden surrounding It has been found important in other matters. The
it. The ginseng was growing well in that garden. Turkish rhubarb, cultivated, has been found far
There is no doubt it can be cultivated. Whether inferior to the imported wild roots. Our corres-
the cultivated roots would have the same virtues — pondent would further like to know what time of
or supposed virtues of the wild root — ought to , the year the roots are collected.

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SUCCESSION OF FORESTS.
BY R. DOUGLAS.

I don't wonder you get out of patience with this
old " chestnut," of oaks, coming up in pine forests.
I have never seen a pine forest in a climate where
oaks can be made to grow that did not have
oaks mixed more or less with the pines. If the
pine forests are in almost pure sand, or beyond
the Northern limit of the oak, no oaks will be
found after the pines are cut" away.

Darwin says the oaks are driving the pines to
the sands, and, as he was a very close observer, a
great traveller, and careful not to take statements
from others unless they were well authenticated,
it would seem that it is much the same in other
countries as in this.

If Darwin had said, the fires are driving the
pines to the sands, he would have still been right,
for, as far as my observations, the pines will hold
their own except where fires intervene ; even when
cut down they will soon reclothe the land.

I remember an old farmer in Vermont telling
me in 1838 of how the tires had run into the
Green Mountains many years before, and how a
different kind or different kinds of timber had
sprung up, and he contended— good old soul— that
these trees had come up without seeds. I tried to
convince him, but it did no good. Unreasonable
as the statement was it set me to thinking, and as
I have rambled in the woods every opportunity I
have had since I was a very small boy, it was not
trouble to me to examine these woods and those
adjoining. Of course I found trees of the same
kinds that had taken possession of these burnt
down woods. InCalifornia they have the oak region
and the pine region. The oaks grow on the foot-
hills and the pines higher up the mountains. Now
I remember distinctly, that in crossing the Sierra
Nevada mountains and very high— so high that in

I the afternoon we walked over what seemed to be
perpetual snow under the brow of the mountain,
and we hurried so as to get over the summit ta

I camp for the night. When we reached the sum-
mit it was not quite sunset and the air being very
chill we walked about half an hour before we
stopped for the night. (There were two of us ;
our camping was lying down and sleeping in our

[blankets.) Much as I was hurried I could not

I help stopping to look at an old oak tree. It was
at least a foot through, close to the ground ; it
might have been 15 or 20 feet long, for it ran

! almost horizontal, and at the furthest extremity
from its base it was so near the ground that I
looked over it, standing beside it. It was massed
very closely with leaves and literally covered
with acorns. I did not notice another oak tree any-

I where near it. Now, if a fire has since run through

that forest of course there would be oaks grow-
ing there now, unless the climate may be too se-
vere since the protection of the pine forest is lack-
ing. Of course there is nothing in this worth
publishing.

[Just the material that is worth publishing. We
read, a few years since, a paper in a scientific
periodical, showing that young oaks and other
trees will remain for years under the shade of a
pine, making no growth, but putting out a leaf or
two, so that in ten or twenty years they would be
but a few inches high. Those who believe acorns
or other seeds will lie in the ground good for cen-
turies, would never notice these. They would
think they were plantains or dandelions, if they
had any thought at all. The Editor has seen these
things in forests, and doubtless other close obser-
vers have. When the pine forest is cut down these
little fellows take advantage of the situation to
grow right on and crowd out everything else.
Then we have a change of forest if the seedlings
are there, and no change if they are not there.
But people generally love to choose the most mys-
terious explanations of things — Ed. G. M.]

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

245

THE FORESTRY QUESTION.

BY B. E. FERNOW.

As I do not believe that you publish your opin-
ions with a conviction that they cannot be
changed, I venture to offer some comment on
your position in regard to forestry matters in your
last issue.

1. While I agree with you as to the retarding
influence which the "silly stuff" that is talked
about the connection of rainfall and climate with
forest cover, exerts on the promotion of practical
forestry, and though the matter of stating or ex-
plaining it is often " sorry stuff," the connection
nevertheless exists and cannot be talked away so
offhand. There is plenty of evidence — and we
don't need to go out of our country — to show that
the climate, if we understand by it the inter-de-
pendent oscillations of temperature and moisture,
is not caused, but locally modified, by the exist-
ence of properly distributed forest areas. No
doubt the total water-capital of the earth remains
the same, forests or no forests, but when and j
where in its constant circulation it falls to the
ground as rain, and how fast it is drained off out '
of the soil— that is the practically important ques-
tion ; and we know beyond cavil that forest areas ]
do not only depend on, but also influence this ,
distribution of the water capital. I

While it would be unscientific to speak of for-
ests as "attracting rain," this term (which, by the
way, I do not find in Prof. Shaler's article) ex- 1
presses in reality and popularly the action upon |
the moisture suspended in the atmosphere. This i
action can be explained without distorting physi-
cal laws, by the mechanical barrier which a forest
offers to isolation, evaporation and winds. What
we do know through observation and scientific 1
experiment is the existence and the manner of in-
fluence on all factors of climate, exerted by dense
forest areas ; what we do not know is the degree
and extent of this influence. i

2. There is also abundant reason to prompt an '
assertion that in the United States there is no cli-
mate, at least not east of the Rocky Mountains
and north of the 35th degree, so dry that forest :
planting — not tree planting — with proper methods
and reasonable regard to existing conditions, '
would be impossible, though it may not at present
be practicable or desirable, and that eventually
through change of conditions by efforts of man, no
place in the United States will be incapable of
bearing forest growth.

Be it not overlooked that the rainfall during the

five months, April to August (period of vegeta-
tion), in Dodge City, Kansas, averages 16.43
inches; in North Platte, Nebraska, 15.96 inches ;
while Philadelphia shows only 16.40 inches, and
the temperature range during the same period at
these places shows no appreciable difference. As
soon as the solid phalanx of farmers has moved
into the arid regions, and by breaking the soil
over large areas has made the precipitation now
running off to waste available for soil culture, bet-
ter conditions for forest growth and with it im-
proved conditions for agriculture will be created.

Man is greater than natjure, and can do, has
done, and will still more do, more things that na-
ture, at least nature afone, cannot do.

Had we not well authenticated historical evi-
dence and the recent experiences of the prairie
States and the Russian steppes, reasoning upon
the laws of physical science would lead us to the
same conclusion.

While, then, this inter-relation of agricultural
conditions and forestry will not perhaps induce
private forest planting, it is a proper basis of
governmental or communal action and legis"
lation.

3. In regard to the exertions of France in refor-
estation, as a matter of fact, the French Govern-
ment has in co-operation with the local communi-
ties reforested, within the last twenty-five years,
over 250,000 acres of mountain lands at a cost of
$30,000,000, the state paying one-half. In addi-
tion, 200.000 acres of sand dunes were brought
under forest cover. Since the year 1882 the
French Forest Department, which exists since
1827, has had in its yearly budget a considerable
sum for the "conservation and restoration of
mountain districts by reforesting and resodding,"
and this year's appropriation for this purpose
amounts to 3,290,000 francs (^636,000), and for fix-
ing dunes 360,000 francs {$57,900). The total ap-
propriation for the Forest Department amounts in
round numbers to $5,000,000.

There seems to be more " practical solution " in
this than we have been able here to come to.
Chief of Forestry Division. Washington, D. C.

[Certainly the Gardeners' Monthly changes
its opinions, when proper facts are presented. So
far as Mr. Fernow's letter is concerned, no facts
are offered. He tells us that "there is plenty of
evidence," "abundant reasons," "well authenti-
cated historical evidence," and so forth, overlook-
ing the fact that these so-called evidences have
mostly been shown to be the merest guess-work,
of a most unscientific character. — Ed. G. M.]

246

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Growth of Timber Trees. — The proper
distance to plant timber trees apart is the most
troublesome question in forest culture. A number
of antagonistic economies have to be consulted.
For instance, we want a long, clean, straight
trunk ; so we plant close, in order to check the de-
velopment of strong side branches. If we did not
plant close we should have to do much hand
pruning, and this in forestry would not be apt to
prove profitable labor. Then, if we plant wide
enough to allow of a f.ull development all round,

in a well conducted system of forestry, because
there would be as heavy a cut of timber in thirty-
five years as in fifty by the crowding plan, and
then by the total absence of dead material there
would be absolute security against forest fires.
These will be the great questions when the senti-
mental phases of the forestry agitation pass
away. We may argue till we are hoarse about
the duty we owe to generations yet unborn, to pre-
serve the country from becoming a howling desert,
while we may convert by a single smile if we can
only show where some comparatively immediate
profits will come in.

Fairview: Residence of Edward Weston, Yonkers, N. Y.

without any hand pruning, the side branches de-
velop to such an extent that only the part below
the bottom branch thickens remarkably, and a
short dumpy trunk is of little value. Of course
for ornamental purposes this is just what we want.
The handsome white pine on the residence of Ed-
ward Weston, Esq., at Fairview, near Yonkers,
gives a picture of beauty in this tree we should
never find among the monarchs of the forest -but
unfortunately dollars and cents take no note of
beauty. As against crowding to get straight, we
are by no means sure it would not pay to trim
gradually and haul away and destroy the branches

I Best Kinds for Forest Planting. — A dis-
jcuision of some length is going on in our ex-
changes between Mr. Fernow, Mr. Douglas and
the Agricultural Editor of the Press, as to the best
kinds of trees to plant in American forestry. The
questions involved are whether American are
better than European trees— whether the White
or the Scotch pine should be planted — whether
seeds from one locality are better than from an-
other locality. We have been over these subjects
so often that our views ought to be well known,
and we should not here revert to it only that our
attention has been directed to it by one of the

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

247

parties to the contest. The only comment we can
make is, that it is a subject of too general a char-
acter to be decided in special articles. What pur-
poses the timber is to be applied to will decide
the kind ; soil, latitude, and altitude is another ele-
ment to be considered, and localities from which
seed should be preferred, can come under no rule
but " circumstances."

Cypress Lumber. — The Lockland Lumber
Company are endeavoring to introduce this for
greenhouse sash and rafters, and give the lollow-
ing note on the general value of the timber :

" It grows in groups called ' Brakes,' in the
swamps and bayous of most of our Southern
States, and under favorable conditions attains an
enormous size. The trunk is straight and without
limb, often to a height of 75 feet or more, and
large trees measure 120 feet in height, and 25 feet
and over in circumference above the conical base,
which, at the ground, is often three or four times
the diameter of the trunk. Authorities disagree

as to varieties, some claiming that there are three
kinds— red, white or yellow, and black, while
others that they take their names from the color
of their heart wood, which varies according to soil
and conditions. All agree that it is a wood of re-
markable durability.

" Its color is of a reddish brown, somewhat re-
sembling our yellow pine, and in weight is some-
what heavier than white pine. No wood that
grows in the South so resembles and possesses all
the prominent virtues of white pine. This, coupled
with the durability of cedar, makes it the favorite
wood in the South for all tanks and cisterns, and
exposed parts of buildings. It is also much used
for inside finish.

" Houses are still standing in good repair that
were constructed of this wood 'in toto ' more
than one hundred years ago.

" In New England and along the sea-coast, it
has long been used in the shape of shingles, and
IS now extensively used for tanks, wooden gutters,
etc. That this wood will be extensively used
throughout the North when better known there
is no doubt."

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

SOME WILD FLOWERS OF FLORIDA.

BY M. D.

Until recently Middle Florida in my mind was
either that portion of the peninsula included be-
tween lines projected westward to the Gulf coast
from Saint Augustine and Cape Canaverel, or the
somewhat larger territory that the 27th and 30th
degrees of North latitude would confine. This
belief was held without investigation and I now
find it to have been quite an incorrect one. Mid-
dle Florida, the M. F. of Chapman's Flora of the
Southern States, has the Suwanee and Appalachi-
cola rivers as its east and west boundary lines.
These rivers flow southwardly from Georgia to
the Gulf, enclosing nine entire counties and the
capital of the State. The section of the State west
of the Appalachicola is West Florida, and that
eastward of the Suwanee, and continuing to the
Atlantic coast. East Florida. These three divisions
together would form North Florida, a term that is
not, however, to be found in the work noticed
above.

There is also a South Florida, the most fre-
quenily mentioned of the four sections, but where

it touches upon the division north of it, I cannot
from Chapman determine with certainty.

Upon the island of Santa Anastasia, the seaward
wall of the harbor of Saint Augustine, there are
two shrubs of the order Rhamnaceae to be found
growing, called botanically, Colubrina Ameri-
cana and Rhamnidium revolutum, and which are
said by Chapman to belong to South Florida. For
the benefit of those hereafter to use the Chapman
volume it would be well to discover whether these
buck-thornish shrubs, and perhaps others, are
within or without their proper district. If within
it they must be at its extreme Northeast corner
and might be looked for, and possibly found, still
further up the coast.

A third member of the Buckthorn family on the
island is the rigid branched Sageretia Michauxii.
This shrub has equally rigid spine-like branch-
lets which grow at right angles to their supports.
Such of these branchlets as bear flower spikes are
from three to four inches in length, whilst the leaf-
bearers are from one to two inches and beneath
or below the others.

The nearly ovate, small, shining, acute, finely
serrate and persistent leaves of the principal stem
or stems, are oppositely set, whilst the leaf and
spike covered branchlets occur alternately. The

248

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

plant is a sand and coast lover and grows as far
northward as North CaroHna. It would make an
aggravating little hedge, spreading low and broadly
as it does, or a first-rate dog, cat and chicken proof
section to a fence of barbed wire which would be
impassable by man and cattle above. Florida
nurserymen should look it up. The Rhamnidium
has stiff gray branches and branchlets with small
oval-oblong leaves that have distinctly revolute
edges. The leaves of Col ubrina Americana are thick,
longish, dark green and shining above with a white
woolly or rust colored surface below. At base
these leaves are wedge-shaped and at apex obtuse
and mucronate. The shrub is grayish throughout
— has that general look — and would with No. 2
appear well and do serviceable work as a protec
ting and ornamental wall to a Florida garden.

VITALITY OF SEEDS.
BY DUDLEY W. ADAMS.

In the Monthly for June is some interesting
talk about the vitality of seeds.

We know that under certain circumstances
seeds will retain their vitality much longer than
others. What the most perfect conditions are is
not yet fully understood. Doubtless seeds may
be and often are preserved in the ground under
conditions widely at variance with the modes we
usually adopt for the same purpose. I have in
mind now an instance of radish seed remaining
several years in the ground, and then grow vigor-
ously. These are the circumstances ;

In 1854 I broke a piece of virgin soil in Iowa,
and the following spring planted thereon a gar-
den. Among the vegetables were some long red
radish. We used all we wanted and many ripened
seed. Next spring, and for many successive
springs, these self-sown seeds and their descend
ants gave us our early radishes.

About 1855 I received some chestnuts from
Massachusetts and planted them in that part of
the garden. Chestnuts and radishes got along
together very well for a few years, as I left only
two trees v»-here the seed was planted.

After awhile the chestnut trees took possession,
and I made a fine blue grass sod under and
around them, thus, as I supposed, disposing
of my old radishes for good. This sod and shade
was a pleasant oasis in the garden, and was very
much patronized in summer days. However, one
of those phenomenally cold waves that sometimes
sweep over that country, struck my cherished
chestnut trees and killed them both to the ground.

I don't remember their age, but I rem.ember one
was fourteen inches in diameter in the smallest
part of the trunk.

While the chestnut was reaching that size all
the ground was in tough sod and no radishes ever
showed. When the chestnuts were killed I
grubbed them up root and branch, and spaded up
the sod to be again used for garden purposes.
To my astonishment my old long red radish of
olden time promptly put in its appearance in full
vigor and apparently undiminished numbers.

Another time I broke up a timothy and blue
grass meadow which had been mown for seventeen
years. It was as clean a meadow as one need
wish. It was broken deeply and nicely inverted.
In a few days it was all over green with seedlings
of the wild buckwheat that had infested the field
seventeen years before. Tangerine, Fla.

[Our readers must have noted that the Editor
often questions the value of evidence, even when
given in favor of matters that he heartily believes
in. And the reason for this is, that no cause
is served by a bad argument. On the question of
the vitality of seeds and plants under certain cir-
cumstances, the Editor has no doubt that vital
power may be kept for centuries. His paper, a
few years ago on the plants connected with the
glaciers of Alaska, shows good reason for believ-
ing that the plants which spring up in the wake
of a melting glacier are the self- same plants cov-
ered by a sudden ice sheet perhaps a hundred
years before.

But much of the evidence offered for longevity,
is very weak, as in the case of the mummy wheat,
acorns in pine forests, etc., which has been re-
flected on in our pages. Let us weed these weak-
lings out.

Mr. Adams' note on the radish seed is one of
these strong points that will confirm the faith of
the believers. A chestnut tree of the size noted
would in that part of the world have increased
about a half an inch a year, and it would be about
twenty eight years old, so we may conclude the
radish seed had been in the soil that many years.
We believe this fact may be placed to the credit of
true science.

The wild buckwheat is not so strong a point,
for, though nothing is more likely than that the
seed was also there, it is just possible that little
plants a half inch high may have grown and
borne seed among the timothy unobserved. Such
things will be.

A good case was recently reported to us
similar to the radish case. A brother of the

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

249

Editor never grew a martynia in his garden,
though some people are fond of cultivating them
for pickles. He filled up a part of his garden by
earth from an old one where the martynia was
grown. A large number of them came as weeds
the following year; and a gradually reduced
number appeared for six years after.

There is evident truth in the old saying that
"one year's seeding gives seven years' weeding,"
and most likely twice or thrice seven, or more.

This is one of the scientific questions which has
a great practical bearing and well worth the care-
ful sifting of all evidence offered — Ed. G. M.] '

HYBRID PEACHES AND PLUMS.

BY T. V. JIUNSON.

Enclosed I send you a problem in botany, only
leaves of common and well known species of
Prunus and Amygdalus. Each is numbered.
Will you tell in the Gardeners' Monthly to
which genus each belongs, with reasons assigned
why you so classify each, giving the numbers?

I trust you will not consider me impertinent or
desirous of putting you to an unreasonable test, as
you often have given your opinion through your
journal as to what species certain plants belong,
of which specimen parts were sent you, even of
rare species, and in genera where many other spe-
cies exist. In this case there is the difference of
a genus, and specimens of each considered grow-
ing everywhere to compare with these specimens,
which are collected from trees here well known to
me, and the female parents are always given
definite classification by botanists. It is a reason-
able and simple problem I propose, hence I offer
it in earnest and for a purpose— to develop the
important facts which are embodied in it.

After your answer I propose to write a full ex-
planation, etc., of specimens, giving their history
in a brief way, which I feel sure you will be
pleased to publish. When we have discussed the
problem thoroughly, I feel confident it will be
solved to the entire satisfaction of everyone,
whereas it now stands in a doubtful light, and
that, too, embodying a very important principle.
If I am in error, I am perfectly willing to endure the
correction publicly, as publicly I have been put
in the light of probably being incorrect in the
matter. As for yourself, you occupy such a posi-
tion— "on the fence," as it were — that you can
gracefully drop either way the facts may point. I
know you love candor, and that is just the treat-
ment I will get at your hands.

This method of treatment will elicit unusual at-
tention, and thus excite observation more keenly
in such matters.

The exercises of the first regular annual meet-
ing of the Texas State Horticultural Society will
take place at Tyler, Texas, July 27th and 28th
next. Prospects fine for a large meeting.

Denison, Texas.

[No botanist would admit a test of this kind.
Leaves are so often alike that not only distinct
genera, but even distinct natural orders, could not
be detected. The leaves of Anemone Pennsylva-
nica (Ranunculaceas) mixed with Geranium mac-
ulatum (Geraniaceas) would puzzle an expert to
separate. Yet, as out correspondent says, we do
i sometimes manage to give people names of plants
on the merest fragments. Still we are not sur-
prised, when we venture on this dangerous ground,
to be tripped.

Even now when we say that of the nineteen
leaves sent only Nos. 16 and 17 are peaches,
and all the others plums, it would not at all
surprise us to be told that the laugh comes in
against us.

The friendly invitation is highly appreciated.
It is, however, not so easy to do two days' work
in one, in order to escape continuous daily duties,
as it used to be. So the pleasure of acceptance
cannot be enjoyed. — Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

DowNiNGiA. — This pretty annual, named after
our famous Downing, and often grown in gardens
under the erroneous name of Clintonia, seems
likely to be reduced to the old genus Lobelia. A
new species has been discovered, named by
Greene D. concolor, which he says "has a cleft
corolla, too much like Lobelia."

Behria. — A new genus of the lily family has
been named by Professor Greene in honor of the
well known and enthusiastic California botanist,
Dr. Herman Behr, of San Francisco. It has
some relationship to Brodiaea and Triteleia, well
known bulbs.

Strange to say, all that is known of it is from a
fragment preserved in the herbarium of the Cali-
fornia Academy, where it has been for perhaps
twenty years. It has scarlet flowers, and appears
to have been gathered at Cape St. Lucas or there-
abouts. The search for more will give zest to
plant collecting in California.

250

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[August,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Aphyllon fasciculatum. — Mr. W. L. Morris of
Des Moines, Iowa, sends fine specimens of this
pretty root parasite, which is closely allied to the
Broom-rapes of Europe, growing on zonale ger-
aniums in pots, that were cuttings last October.
As the seeds have to sprout, take hold, grow and
flower and produce seed within six months, it
proves that the plant is an annual of very rapid
growth. Some were on the young roots— and one
on the main stem of the cutting, which, though
under ground is scarcely a root.

Wild Flowers of Nevada. — A lady writing
from Franktown says: "I have found our wild
flowers do not grow in cultivation, with a few ex
ceptions. I have lifted them, earth and plant, and
planted in flower beds not far distant, and some
just died, others would grow for a* time and dis-
appear. Here is a list of kinds that have grown
with me : i. Mimulus Lewisi. 2. A blue Lark-
spur, flowers in early spring, then seeds and dis-
appears till spring again. 3. A pale lilac, or
white primrose, fiowers early spring and disap-
pears till spring again. 4. A plant with flowers
like chicory, grows tall and is rather showy. 5
Mimulus Rorlii. 6. M. Cardinalis. The Habe-
naria leucostachys grew for a time in the flower-

beds and seeded. Now grows fine in the thick
I grass below the beds, just as cowslips do in the
I old country.

We have had a very changeable spring. And
I think the codling moth is disposed of, as the
frost killed the apple and pear blooms. We had
cleaned and burned all trash in and around the
orchard, as we found the cocoon of the moth in
old boards, boxes and anything they could get
cover in, and were keeping them down ; but I
hope this frost will finish them. It is quite a loss
and very discouraging. We have two orchards,
one old one of about 1,100 trees, and a younger
one of about 800 trees. It is eight years, I think,
since the apples were killed ; before the thermome-
ter was down to 18° below freezing point, before
they were killed. A neighbor burned wood
round the orchard all night, and we think his is a
little worse killed than ours. Currants, gooseber-
ries and strawberries were only slightly hurt, and
some cherry bloom escaped.

We had a very severe shock of earthquake on
the night of the 3d of June, about three o'clock.
The loud rumbling wakened us up. When the
old earth ceases to feel solid it is a little frighten-
some. It is eighteen years since we had an earth-
quake more than a slight wave before. This one
was very severe south of this place, but no one
hurt.

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Red and White Roses. —

Roses the lover gives to his love ;

Rose-i we lay on tlie breast of death
That nevermo'-e fondest whisper can move—
Which is the sweeter, answer and prove.

Passionate love, or sleep without breath ?

For love voii burn with a crim«on fire,

For death you are pale as the winter's snow ;

Warm for the one, with the heart's desire,

Cold for the other, since hopes expire—

Which is the sweeter ? When shall we know ?

—Louise Cliandltr MouUon, in Indep mdent.

Flowers of Literature. — Literary expres-
sions are often ridiculous when measured by com-
mon sense. In a work on architecture, now
before us, from the pen of a distinguished Boston
gentleman, we read that "in the seventeenth
century, when the American wilderness was be-

ginning to blossom under the feet of the European
colonists, there existed" &c. It so happens, in
fact, that the American wilderness blossomed long
before the colonist put his foot on it ; indeed some
of the most famous of American flowers blossom
in the said wilderness, where no man's foot-prints
show ; and in any event just how a plant or even a
wilderness, is to blossom under a foot — though
the foot of an European colonist — is hard to com-
prehend. " Keep your feet off the grass " is a
good sign in some gardens; and might be useful
in such rhetoric as this.

The Arbutus.— Our Trailing Arbutus is not the
Arbutus of the ancients— nor indeed by modern
botanists would it be regarded as an Arbutus at
all— but its relationship to the famous Arbutus of

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

251

the ancients gives an interest to the " folk lore " j
of the family. According to Mr. R. Folkard, the j
tree is one of great antiquity, for he informs us in j
his book on Plant Lore, &c., that it was held
sacred by the Romans. " It was one of the attri-
butes of Cardea, a sister of Apollo, who was be-
loved by Janus, guardian of gates and avenues.
With a rod of Arbutus, Cardea drove away
witches, and protected little children when ill or be-
witched. The Romans employed the Arbutus, with
other symbolic trees and flowers, at the Palila, a
festival held in honor of the pastoral goddess Pales.
It was a Roman custom to deposit branches of the
Arbutus on coffins ; and Virgil tells us that Arbu-
tus rods and oak twigs formed the bier of young
Pallas the son of Evander. Horace, in his Odes,
has celebrated the shade afforded by the Arbutus.
Ovid speaks of the tree as 'the Arbutus heavy
with its ruby fruit,' and tells us that in the golden
age, the fruit afforded food to man. This fruit is
called unedo, and Pliny is stated to have given it
that name because it was so bitter, ' that he who
ate one would eat no more.' But I have met
with people who eat the fruit and appear to like it.
Some of the most fruitful specimens of this shrub
I have ever seen, were growing on elevated posi-
tions, which appeared to suit it exactly."

Floral Conformation of the Genus Cy-
PRIPEDIUM. — Dr. M. T. Masters, the author of
the interesting work " Teratology" which treats
of vegetable malformations, has given us a treatise
much of this character, on Cypripedium, in which
those who make an intelligent study of orchids,
will find much to interest them.

Names of Chrysanthemums. — A correspon-
dent of the Gardeners Magazine, referring to the
superior culture of American growers, adds :

" Before leaving the American growers, there is
an interesting subject worthy of mention. They
grow seedlings from home-saved seed. One enter-
prising firm of nurserymen offer prizes for the best
results, but on condition that the winning varieties
become their property, and that the flowers must
be improvements upon existing forms in the various
sections. The successful competitors have the
right to name their productions, and as the climate
is apparently suitable for the purpose, raisers ot
new chrysanthemums are likely to become rather
numerous.

" Naming the flowers ! by no means an unim-
portant matter to some of us, especially those con-
nected with the business of cataloguing. Speaking
from comparatively recent experience, I would ear-
nestly implore the fortunate American prize-win-
ners in this class to make the nomenclature of their
flowers as short and as sweet as possible. Pray
let us have no more of the long-winded names such

as the lively Gaul delights in. No more like
Triomphe de la rue Chalets, L'ami Boucharlat aine,
Madame la Marquise de Mun, Monsieur Juan
Cruz de Eguileor, Secretaire General F. Astie, Sou-
venir de I'amiral Courbet, or even any other sou-
venirs of that ilk."

American Beauty Rose.— Mr. Fr. Harms, of
Hamburg, repeats in the May issue of the Jour-
nal des Roses that he is satisfied that Madame
Ferdinand Jamain " ne plaisit pas ici " (no good
here), and that the penstroke of an American spec-
ulator in calling it American Beauty is its chief
merit. Mr. Harms has no objection to the " Im-
pressario" of an opera praising "the young and
beautiful charms "oi.an antiquated prima donna;
bnt he says he dislikes these ancient beauties
among roses being sent off as fresh virgin rose
buds, and hence his opposition.

Latin Names for Garden Varieties. — The
English gardea folk, who insisted on changing the
name of our Arbor Vitae, Tom Thumb, to Thuja
Ellwangeriana, and Geo. Peabody to T. aurea ele-
gantissima, and we do not know what, are now
about tired of Latin names, and are trying to
come to our plain ways in these cases. Hereafter
all garden varieties are to have English and no
more Latin names. Botanical species will, of
course, continue to have their Latin names used
as before.

Ladies in the American Philosophical So-
ciety.— This learned society has at length fol-
lowed in the wake of similar institutions, and has
elected a lady to full membership in the society.
On the 20th of May Miss Helen C. de Silver Ab-
bott was duly elected. It would have been too
bad for a society founded by Benjamin Frankhn
to have held back ia this line of progress.

Miss Abbott, by virtue of her eminence in bo-
I tanical chemistry, gives quite as much honor to
I the society which elects her as the society confers
j by its action.

New York Florists' Club.— New York flor-
ists have followed the example of their Philadel-
phia and Chicago brethren, and have founded a
social club. John May has been elected Presi-
I dent, C. L. Allen, Secretary, and Peter Hender-
son, Treasurer.

Middlemen Among Florists.— A large num-
1 ber of the English growers, becoming dissatisfied
j with the plan of sending to Covent Garden com-
I mission men, who they thought had too many
I losses of flowers, and too large commission on
I what they did sell, started the plan last year to

2:2

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

employ a person to make their own sales by auc-
tion on the morning of each day. The experi-
ment of the season resulted in showing that they
got only about one-half of what they would have
done had they continued the old plan of commis-
sion men.

Wilson, the Ornithologist. — In the School
Monthly, a meritorious publication, edited by the
grammar school boys of Germantown, in aid of a
fund to establish a public school library, we find
the following anecdote of Wilson, the famous
ornithologist and poet, in connection with the his-
tory of the EUwood Public School:

"Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist, taught
from 1807 to 1808, when he was succeeded by his
nephew, WiUiam Duncan, until January, 1809.
when the Rev. John Bachman, from Rensselaer
county. New York, a divinity student, by persua-
sion of Wilson taught the school one year. He
afterward settled at Charleston, S. C, where he
remained pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church
fifty-five years, dying in 1867 at an advanced age.
Wilson had a class in botany while he taught
here; he also spent his leisure time with his pu-
pils in collecting specimens, drawings of which
were preserved for a long time among those he
taught, some of which are still extant."

Caleb Cope.— Those who look back over the
literature of horticulture thirty or forty years ago,
will find this estimable gentleman among the
leading amateurs in American horticulture. He
was long President of the Pennsylvania Horticul-
tural Society in its most flourishing days. The
Victoria lily flowered for the first time at his
princely residence at Springbrook, and thousands
flucked from all parts of the Union to see its un-
paralleled beauty. Temporary business reverses,
led him from his great pleasures, and Springbrook
was sold. It is now the Forrest Home. With
recovery from his brief financial losses, he pur-
chased a beautiful property at Chestnut Hill,
where he has for many years past still fostered his
early gardening love. The same public spirited
generosity which, by its free public use made
Springbrook famous, still obtains ; and the com-
munity have the free use of Mr. Cope's grounds.
We are sure it will gratify his numerous friends
to know that on the i8th of July he passed his
90th birthday, with a fair promise that for some
years yet he will still remain with us, the munifi-
cent patron of gardening he has always been.

Charles A. Keffer. — This gentleman, fjrm-
erly of the nursery firm of Lawrence & Keffer, of
Lemars, Iowa, has been elected Professor of Hort-
iculture in Dakota Agricultural College.

Mr. Fell. — This gentleman, who has been
travelling in this country in the interest of Mr.
Ware, of Tottenham, England, has returned after
a journey of a month. He is a very intelligent
gentleman, and made many friends during his
visit.

Dr. D. W. Beadle. — This esteemed horticultur-
ist, who has done so much for pomology all over
the country as well as Canada, retired from the
editorship of the Canadian Horticulturist at the
beginning of the year, Mr. C. Woolverton, Grims-
by, Ontario, now is the editor.

John Thorp — The well known New York
florist has secured fourteen acres at Cedarhurst,
and will put up sixteen large greenhouses at once
thereon.

Queen Natalie. — The Queen or ex-Queen of
Servia, is said to be a great lover of gardening.
She is a Russian by birth, and most of the educated
ladies of that country have a fondness for gard-
ening.

Dr. Asa Gray. — No one can surpass Dr.
Sandys in the felicity with which he presents the
distinguished men whom Cambridge University
honors with its highest degrees. Among those
who received the degree of Doctor of Laws, June
20th, was Prof. Asa Gray, now in England. Dr.
Sandys said (we translate from the exquisite
Latin) : "And now we are glad to come to the
Harvard professor of Natural Wisiory, facile prin-
ceps of transatlantic botanists. Within the period
of fifty years how many books has he written
about his fairest science, how rich in learning,
how admirable in style ! Hov many times has he
crossed the ocean that he might more carefully
study European herbaria, and better know the
leading men in his own department! In examin-
ing, reviewing, and sometimes gracefully correct-
ing the labors of others, what a shrewd, honest
and urbane critic has he proved himself to be!
How cheerfully, many years ago, among his own
Western countrymen was he the first of all to
greet the rising sun of our own Darwin, believing
his theory of the origin of various forms of life
demanded some First Cause, and was in harmony
with a faith in a Deity who has created and gov-
erns all things ! God grant that it may be allowed
to such a man at length to carry to a happy comple-
tion that great work, which he long ago began, of
more accurately describing the Flora of North
America ! Meanwhile, this man who has so long
adorned his fair science by his labors and his life,
even unto a hoary age, ' bearing,' as our poet says,

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

253

• the white blossom of a blameless life,' him, I say,
we gladly crown, at least with these flowerets of
praise, with this corolla of honor [/it's salfem
laudisflosculis, hac saltern honoris corolla, libenter
coronamus\. For many, many years may Asa
Gray, the venerable priest of Flora, render more
illustrious this academic crown ! " — Independent.

The Establishment of Louis Menand &
Sons, Albany, N. Y. — Some of the most enter-
prising florists in the United States are in Albany,
though their good work seldom gets into the
pages of horticultural literature. Among the oldest
of these excellent establishments is that of Louis
Menand and Sons.

The conservatory of the venerable Louis Men-
and, is situated at Menand's Station near Albany.
He was born in Chalons, Burgundy, and came to
New York in 1837, with the intention of making
his residence in Cuba. But that city pleased him
and he determined to remain in this country.
After a residence of five years in New York, he
went to Albany in 1842, and began business as a
florist in the store now occupied by Ridgway &
Russ in Van Vecthen Hall. Soon afterwards he
hired the property now known as the Home for
Aged Men on the Troy road, and erected a small
greenhouse. After he had removed his plants,
one night in March, the weather became suddenly
cold and they were in danger of freezing, as the
room was supplied with a rickety stove but no
wood. The change occurred before daylight and
after seeking in vain for wood on the premises,
Mr. Menand was obliged to forage on a neigh-
bor's wood pile or lose his plants. He did not
wish to awaken them at such an hour, and there-
fore he helped himself to wood. The next day
he informed the neighbor of his involuntary theft,
and the owner was inclined to resent the act ; but
upon being offered the price of a cord of wood his
wrath was appeased.

This incident is related to show from what
small beginnings the industrious and intelligent
Frenchman has succeeded in making his name
known in Europe and America as one of the most
successful florists of the age. His next venture
was to purchase, first, four acres and afterwards
three acres more at what is now Menand's Station,
which he built upon and occupied in 1847. He
has resided continuously at this place from that
day to this, a period of nearly forty years ; and it
is here that he has acquired his reputation for his
extensive knowledge of the products of the veg-
etable kingdom, not merely as a florist but jlso as

a botanist who is as well posted as many of the
professors of the science.

Mr. Menand's greenhouses are four in number,
and consist of eight divisions. These are devoted
to the cultivation of exotics of all varieties, almost
exclusively. They consist of orchids, camellias,
palm ferns, crotons, cacti, bromeliaceous plants, etc.

Of course a mere enumeration like this conveys
a very faint idea of the extent, rarity and beauty
of his collection, because he has many varieties
of the different species. Although the houses are
not extraordinary in size, they contain as great a
variety of plant specimens as any half dozen
houses in the city of New York. The casual
observer would no^ discover this fact, but the
botanist would find here enough to occupy his
attention for a week. Prof. Gray, the great bot-
anist of Boston, who visited these houses twenty
years ago, said that he found here specimens that
he could not find in the botanical gardens in that
city. He has plants that he does not sell one of
in twenty-five years, which fact shows that Mr.
Menand grows his plants not alone for profit, but
because of his love for his profession. For thirty
years past he has imported plants twice a year
from France, England and Belgium. By this
means he secures plants of every variety that are
desirable for florists, as there are establishments
in those countries that furnish plants from all
parts of the world. It is Mr. Menand's aim to
exhibit at least one specimen of every kno\\n
variety ; and whenever a new one is produced in
any quarter of the world, it will not be long before
it may be found at Menand's. Thus it often hap-
pens that persons who search in vain for rare
specimens in New York and elsewhere, are gener-
ally directed to "a crazy Frenchman at Albany,"
where they are sure to find what they want and
carry it away, provided their purse is long enough.
In fact, it is Mr. Menand's aim to furnish anything
from a strawberry to a tree. His shade and fruit
trees, grapes, etc., were formerly the chief features
of his business ; now the demand for these is in-
; significant. Then came the popular demand for
j camellias, and a little plant four inches high would
sell for $25. But fashion impertinently brought
these lovely flowers into disrepute, and the craze
.for orchids arrived. Of these he now has 150
, species and about 1,000 plants. They put forth
iheir curious flower forms and lovely blooms in
greatest abundance during February, March and
April ; but he has specimens in bloom all the year
round. Just now his conservatories are not in
, full flower in any of the rare varieties ; but the

254

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

orchids generally are getting ready to show their
wonderful products, his azaleas are beginning to
bud, and many other flowering varieties will soon
be in full bloom. But so long as this veteran
enthusiast lives, the chief attraction will be the
rarity and variety of the exotics to the cultivation
of which his intelligent labors have been devoted
for the last half of a century.

The Cemetery Branch. — In 1870 Mr. Menand
purchased thirty-one acres of land near the en-
trance to the Rural cemetery, on which are now
the residence of his son Louis, and a half dozen
hot-houses. These houses are devoted mostly to
the cultivation of cut flowers, roses, carnations,
pansies, geraniums, etc., and have also a large
number of exotics.

The cemetery branch is devoted largely to fur-
nishing plants for decorating lots in the Rural and
St. Agnes cemeteries. Among the exotics in these
houses are the Sago, Australian and Brazilian
palms, many varieties of the highly ornamental
Japan plants, such as aralias, flax, euonymus. hy-
drangeas, etc.; a great variety of the Mexican
agaves, including the beautiful filifera and the
Verschafifelti, (which bloomed the past season
with a flowering spike fourteen feet high) and an
almost endless variety of other species suitable for
cemetery decoration. Among the hardy foreign
shrubs are many dwarf evergreens, the Abies nigra,
pendula conica, the weeping birch, elm, beech,
willow, etc. This house makes a specialty of these
and other deciduous and herbaceous garden plants
for cemetery purposes, and visitors to the cemetery
readily distinguish the lots in charge of L. Menand
& Sons by the beauty of this variety of plants,
both for bedding purposes and for vases.

Among the flowering plants now in bloom are
roses, in variety and of rare beauty, camellias,
carnations, violets, Roman hyacinths, narcissus (a
variety of the latter which is worshipped by the
Chinese on New Year's day). One of their houses
is devoted entirely to roses, and though now very
beautiful, they will not be in full bloom until Feb-
ruary. Another house is devoted entirely to car-
nations, another to violets, another to smilax, an-
other to tropical plants, and others to miscellaneous
plants. Their principal winter business is in fur-
nishing cut flowers for weddings, parties, funerals,
etc., and they supply a branch house in Troy
where they keep a display of plants and flowers.

The following are the names of employees at the
cemetery branch : L. Menand, Jr., manager ;
Geo. Lambrook, Jr., foreman and designer; F,
Lambrook, C. Sullivan, J. Murnane, P. Maney, P.

Hanan, W. Mawney. At this place in the spring
and summer from ten to twenty men are employed.
The following are employed at Menand Station:
J. Hayes, foreman; P. Hayes, M. Flinn, T. Con-
nors, M, O'Donnell. In the spring and summer
about ten men are employed. Felix Menand,
manager Troy branch, John Fort, clerk.

Nichols & Lorton.— Davenport, Iowa. These
well known nurseries were started in 1858 by Mr.
Nichols. Mr. Lorton entered in 1865. The be-
ginning was two and one-half acres, which has
extended to three hundred now. Fruit trees re-
ceive the chief attention. At the present time
they have about 250,000 apple trees, 50,000 two-
year cherries, 75,000 one-year, 200,000 grapes, be-
sides pears and small fruits. 2,500,000 stocks of
various kinds are to be budded this year. They
have winter storage houses running 300 feet,
with 200 feet of packing sheds. The business
employs an average of sixty men throughout the
year. The sales are about ^100,000 a year.

Dr. Ezra Michener.— Among the deaths re-
cently announced is this famous botanist of
Chester county, Pennsylvania. He was one of
the contemporaries of the celebrated Dr. Dar-
lington, who, in his " Flora Cestrica " refers often
to his labors. He was also well known as the
author of a " Manual of Weeds," and has been an
occasional contributor to our pages.

Jean Baptiste Boussingault.— We recently
noted the telegraphic news of the death of this
distinguished agricultural chemist. Our ex-
changes give a fuller account of his life and
services which we annex :

"This eminent and veteran French chemist,
whose death we recorded in our last issue, has
special claims on our memories, for, without in
any way forgetting or detracting from the merits
of other workers in the same branch of inquiry,
he fairly deserves the title of the father of chemi-
cal research in relation to the life and nutrition of
plants under cultivation. His labors were prac-
tically ended before the present generation came
into existence, for he was born in 1802, and pub-
lished his first contribution to chemical knowledge
in 1 82 1. Therefore, like most original investi-
gators, he began work early in life. He was ed-
ucated at the St. Etienne School of Mines, and
subsequently went to South America, under the
auspices of an English company, in order, it is
stated, to discover the ancient mines, the exist-
ence of which was a notable tradition.

" He did not succeed in finding wealth for his
company, but, like Humboldt, who preceded him,
he collected facts and materials sufficient for a
life's study. In South America his explorations
were mainly confined to Bolivia and Venezuela.

1887.

AN'n HORTICULTURIST.

255

On returning to France he was named Professor
of Chemistry to the Lyons Faculty of Sciences."

Charles Alden.— Possibly one of the greatest
of all benefits to American fruit growers, came in
with the invention of the Alden Fruit Driers.
Alden made some $60,000 by his invention. He
subsequently lost all, retired to the almshouse in
Randolph, Mass., where he committed suicide on
the 26th of June. He was in his 76th year.

Die Erziehung der Pflanzen aus Sam en (The
Raising of Plants from Seed). — By H. Jager.
Published by Ernst Benary, Erfurt, Germany. 16S7.

This is a large octavo, 422 pages, gotten up
with that completeness which has made German
literature famous all over the world. The great
range covered may be inferred from the fact that
the index shows 1,677 plants and topics, con-
sidered in the body of the work. An extract at
random from this index shows the character of
the reading matter : " Fraxinus, Fremontia, Fre-
nela, Fritillaria, Fuchsia, Fuchs-schwanz, Funkia,
Furcaea, Futterkohle, Futter-ruben." It is im-
possible to give even a faint idea of the immense
amount of information contained in this book, be-
cause much of it is given in a tabulated form easy
for reference, and of course gives the information
complete, though in a condensed way. We can
thus learn in a moment all about any plant grown
in gardens. If you have one only known by its
name, the table tells you by a star the natural
order to which it belongs, whether it is a hardy
greenhouse or a hot-house plant, the kind of soil
it likes for sowing, the season it flowers in, whether
it is good tor cutting, or whether it is dwarf or
tall, or of peculiar habits, whether it is valued
chiefly for blossom or fruit, and whether the
plant itself is or is not a good market plant. All
of this information is given by stars; but besides
is a type description of the information on each
plant noted which stars can not convey. It is
undoubtedly the most valuable work on this sub-
ject that has ever been issued, and it will almost
pay those of our readers who do not read Ger-
man to take a course of instruction in the langu-
age in order to read this book. It need not, how-
ever, be confined to our German speaking readers,
for very much of the tabulated matter referred to
can soon be mastered by any one, and a consid-
erable amount of information be obtained even
where one is unable to read the full text.

Combination Force Pumps. — Mr. P. C. Lewis,
of Catskill, New York, sends one of these. It
serves the many purposes required in the use of

liquids in the farm or garden, whether as a simple
syringe, or garden engine. In trying it we found
it sent a stream 50 feet high. For spraying poison
over fruit or ornamental trees that are attacked
by insects, it is a very timely invention. Owners
of gardens will all find good use for them.

Catalogues.— Dreer, H. A., Midsummer List,
Phila.; EUwanger & Barry, Strawberry Price List,
Rochester, N. Y. ; Hubert & Mauger, Guernsey
Bulbs and Plants, Isle of Guernsey ; Krelage, E.
H. & Son, Bulbs and Flower Catalogue, Haarlem,
Holland ; Meehan, Thos. & Son, Strawberry Cir-
cular, Germantown, Phila.; Perkins, J. N., Florists'
Flower Pots, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Smiths, Powell &
Lamb, Holstein Butter Records, Syracuse, N. Y.;
Thomas, Jos. W., Fruit and Ornamental, King of
Prussia, Pa ; Williams, B. S., New Plant Catalogue,
Upper Holloway, London, England.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Florists in Suburban Villages. — The Am-
erican Florist takes especial pains to inform " Mr.
Meehan " that in the vicinity of New York there
are villages in which reside florists who raise
flowers for the New York market. The informa-
tion so kindly off"ered might be reciprocated by the
Gardeners' Monthly informing " Mr. Vaughan,
Mr. Thorpe, or the gentlemanly clerk who pre-
pared the aforesaid item," that there are also vil-
lages in the vicinity of Boston, Philadelphia and
Baltimore, though possibly not near Chicago, in
which reside florists who do just that same thing.

What is a Vine. — " G. A. L.," Bryn Mawr, Pa.,
says : " I take the liberty of asking a botanical
question, as I have been kindly referred to you as
authority. I desire to obtain the technical and
scientific botanical meaning of the word • Vine.'
In botany is ' Vme ' the grape-vine, or an appli-
cation of the name to all climbing, creeping and
trailing plants as a designation for convenience
only ? Is the vine the grape, and not any other?
Is the grape-vine the only true vine in botany ?

"Any information on this point which you can
give me will be very gratefully received."

[If we say "the vine," as a term in classical
literature, the word is confined strictly to the grape-
vine. In strict botanical terminology, the word
" vine " has no place. It is, however, custom that
gives law to language, and thus, in common bo-
I tanical language the word has come to mean any
weak stem unable to support itself. Thus we
! have climbing vine, creeping vine, trailing vine,
potato vine, and even tomato vine. It is correct
\ from a conventional point of view, though scarcely
I botanical science. — Ed. G. M.]

256

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[August,

Horticultural Societits.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Society of American Florists. — The Flor-
ists* Convention at Chicago, commencing August
i6th, will, besides the address of so intelligent a
gentleman as President Craig, a paper on hybrid-
ization by John^Thorp, on " Fungoid diseases" —
that is to say — fungal diseases, by C. L. Allen, and
on orchids by H. A. Siebrecht. F. R. Pierson is
to talk of business methods. Roses will get great
attention from the essayists. Summer propaga-
tion and best varieties, by Mr. E. G. Hill ; Charles
Saunderson, Roses on Stocks. Mr. Ernst Asmus
will speak on forcing bulbs, and Mr. Jackson
Dawson on forcing shrubs. Mr. J. W. Elliott
gives a paper on Art in Floral-work, and a paper
will be read from Mr. W. R. Smith, of Botanic
Gardens, Washington, on some subject not an-
nounced. Mr. J. M. Jordan, of St. Louis, is to
give some idea of cut flowers as a retail business.
The members also expect to get into hot water
over the heating question. In relation to getting
to Chicago, Mr. Lonsdale, the secretary, says:

" The railroads generally have ofifered a rate and
a third. That is to say, a full fare must be paid
to Chicago and the reduction is made on the re-
turn trip on the presentation of a certificate duly
signed, etc.

"Take Note:—\N\\en purchasing tickets for
Chicago, get the local ticket agent's certificate,
with railroad st;amp affixed, certifying that full fare
has been paid to Chicago. This is necessary in
case the members or delegates for any reason for-
get or fail to produce regular certificates."

Mass. Horticultural Society. — The income
of the society last year was ^53.930.96. Almost
the whole of this is from investments, only $1,078
being from members, and ;f 2, 329. 16 admission
charges, less expenses. $600 came from the State.
$30,000 of the income goes to pay interest on
mortgage; $4,562.28 were paid for prizes. The
real estate and personal property of the society is
appraised at $290,086.20. There are 576 life
members; fifteen were added, and the deaths of
thirty- one reported last year. Annual members
256 ; twelve new ones added and twenty four lost
during the year. The mortgage debt was reduced
$30,000 last year.

The Georgia St.a.te Horticultural So-
ciety.— We learn from President Berckmans that
a meeting will be held at Dalton, on the 4th, 5th,
and 6th of August; on the 9th and loth the State
Agricultural Society will have its annual fair at
Canton. The Georgia Central, W. & A., S. F. &
W. Railroads, have generously agreed to pass all
members free'over their lines of road. The South-
ern Express Company will, as usual, extend free
transportation to all packages of fruits, vegetables,
and flowers intended for exhibition. The occasion

promises to be a memorable one for Southern
horticulture, and we are sorry we had not our at-
tention called to it a month earlier.

Observation on the Monthly Increase in
Girth of Trees at the Royal Botanic Gar-
den.— Dr. David Christison, at the April 14th
meeting of the Edinburgh Botanical Society, gave
the results of monthly measurements of different
species of deciduous and evergreen trees in the
Edinburgh Botanic Garden from 188310 1886. It
was ascertained :

1. That some trees begin to increase in girth in
April, but only a very little, and that some con-
tinue to grow to a still more trifling extent in Sep-
tember; that the growth of evergreens in May is
considerable, but that the main increase of decid-
uous trees is confined to June, July, and August.

2. The maximum month of growth in most of
the deciduous trees examined was July, and in
most evergreens June.

3. That the increase in deciduous and evergreen
trees in April was about equal, but the latter then
went rapidly ahead, so as to accomplish the greater
part of their annual increase in the first half of
the growing season, while that of deciduous trees
took place in the last half. In both classes, how-
ever, there were exceptions, and notably the
Deodar, which increased in energy up to August,
and accomplished 65 per cent, of its increase in
the latter half season.

4. The annual increment in evergreens is spread
more equally over the months than that of decid-
uous trees. Several species of the latter grew
more than 50 per cent, in a single month. Some
of the results are shown in the table, which gives
only those species in which the results are fully
reliable. Experiments on many other species have
been commenced with the view of ascertaining
their characteristics, and whether a general law of
distinction between deciduous and evergreen trees
can be made out.

Monthly Percentage of Increase of Oirth in different Species
of Trees, in Edinburgh Botanic Garden or Craigiehall,
based on Three Years'' Measurements :

Speeiep.

^ f Beech

g Hungary Oak....

~-{ Turkish Oak

g I Spanish Chestnut

^ LLiiiodeudron

. f Sequoia

J I Araucarla

u-i African Cedar . . .

^ j Cypress

^ LDeodar

u«d

^S£

a5

a.

;?
s

d

4

7

25

37

9

9

20

35

6

14

10

35

9

12

12

36

2

5

5

34

3

24

39

22'

17

23

32

19

5

20

24

25

8

23

31

31

5

11

19

28

Mag
< i

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

SEPTEMBER, 1887.

Number 345.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

One does not need to own a twenty thousand
dollar picture, painted by a master in the art, in
order to enjoy it. In the picture gallery, or in the
hall of the connoisseur, he is as free to criticise
its points or revel in its beauties, as if its cost had
been wholly his own. The educated observer has
a share in picture pleasures in some degree equal
to the educated possessor of the article admired.

This is just as true of landscape gardening.
Hundreds who read these articles have but a
small cottage, and a limited area of ground
around it. The principles of landscape garden-
ing that we would teach, will not give them a home
and surroundings large enough, with wealth
enough to put these principles into execution. But
the teaching will enable them to share with others
the work vv^hich others do. It will add to the
pleasure with which they see the gardening work
of others, and give zest to the visit to any well
laid out park or public grounds.

It is indeed, one of the principles of landscape
gardening to learn to profit by what others have
done, and this is one of the most difficult branches
of the art. It is chiefly on this account that the em-
ployment of an expert in landscape gardening art
becomes so desirable. There may be a church in

the distance, a fine dwelling, a hill, a grand clump
of trees, a rocky eminence, a sheet of water, num-
berless points of interest that we do not own, but
never tire of beholding. An unskilful planter
will set the trees so that when they grow nothing
will be seen of them. Only one who knows the
kinds of trees well, and what they will become as
they grow up, can so arrange them that these
distant scraps of beauty will grow in interest
every day, instead of being finally shut out from
view altogether. The writer of this was on a
place not long since where one of the most
glorious pictures at a certain season of the year,
was a gorgeous sunset. The place had been in a
great measure judiciously planted. The land-
scape gardener in charge was a person of some
eminence. In the main he had produced a de-
hghtful picture. But this pretty feature had been
overlooked, and a belt of trees was planted
right in the way of this pretty scene. Go where
we would over the grounds, there was no spot
from whence one could see this lovely sunset pic-
ture, and the owner had to take our little party
out into the public highway in order to give us a
taste of this great pleasure. It could have been
just" as well arranged in the planting, that one
should sit on the piazza, or by seats on the lawn
and enjoy it, but this had been forgotten. It is

258

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

the power to foresee, and so arrange the planting
that the greatest number of distinct views as pos-
sible may be obtained, that gives the distinction
of a great artist to the landscape gardener.

In illustration of how these views may be had
by judicious planting, we give one taken on the
grounds of the late Judge Brown, of Rye, West
Chester county. New York, now occupied by his
son-in-law, S. K. Satterlee. The little glimpse of the
distant sky with the water in the river gives a charm
to the gardening which greatly enhances the value
of the grounds. This one view may be taken ad-
vantage of by the artist, who could so deftly
plant, that it could be used over and over again,
and yet seem on the same grounds to be a wholly
new scene every time.

A great obstacle in the way of good landscape
gardening is the time it takes for the trees to grow
up, and show the designer's true plan. The artist
finishes his picture at once, when he asks you to
admire. The artist in landscape gardening asks
you to imagine what your place will be
when you have grown old, or perchance
the work you have done shall
have passed into other hands.
But in truth, much larger
trees can be planted, and

at a much lower cost than was at one time thought
possible, and we need not wait over a year or
two in order to enjoy the tasteful picture the land-
scape artist has conceived. Trees 20 feet high and
half a foot or more thick can be moved several miles
for a few dollars, and with as much success as
the small sprigs usually relied on. It is only
necessary that the tree itself is healthy, and not
have had its vital powers strained by seed bear-
ing, poverty of the soil, or some direct injury.
We should start to dig out far enough away from
the trunk to get the feeding roots, and go deep
enough so as to get under with forks, so that the
tree can be easily drawn over by its own weight.
Any two-wheeled cart backed up against the tree,
the trunk lashed to the shafts to be used as a lever,
and the job is soon done. The teaching whereby
planters have been led to look after a " ball of
earth," has been of more injury to landscape gar-
dening than many people are well aware of.
There is no reason why the average cost of mov-
ing such a large tree as
we have described,
moving it several
miles, ought
to be more
than
five

Drive Approach ; S. K. Satterlee's Grounds, N. Y.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

''S9

dollars. The best time in the whole year to move
these larger trees is as soon as the yellow tint shows
the autumn leaves approaching. Very little prun-
ing is necessary. The weaker shoots may be cut
out leaving the stronger ones that have the full
measure of life in them. If taken up as they should
be, with a wide expanse of roots, they need no
staking if properly planted. Care should be
taken that there be no spaces, that the earth is
rammed in everywhere. It is the unequal sink-
ing of earth in rain storms, that makes trees top-
ple over.

It is remarkable how some plant disease will
come, no one knows why, and almost destroy a
whole tribe of plants, and then go away no one
knows how. At one time the hollyhock fungus
swept over the land like wild-fire. Now it is gone
again and hollyhocks are as lovely as ever. Seed
should be sowed now, if plants are desired to

flower next year,
soil.

So do lilies. Indeed most bulbous plants de-
light in such situations. It will soon be time
to replant lily and other bulbs. After planting, if
any rich material can be had to mulch the bed
for the winter, the bulbs will like it all the better.

The dahlia did not lose cast from disease. It
got unpopular for no reason. But it is regaining
the lost ground. For fine flowers, the branches
should be thinned out a little, and the flower
should never suffer for the want of flower.

Our own native asters and golden-rods are be-
ing planted in some gardens. Few people have
an idea how great is the variety among these
simple things. The improved hardy phlo.xes are
also being more planted than they were a few
years ago, though still not to the extent they have
been. But they do so well in our climate that

26o

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[September,

every body should have them. The rage for gera-
niums and bedding plants has had much to do
with the neglect of these nice things, but there is
no reason for not having both.

COMMUNICATIONS.

BY VALENTINE BURGEVIN.

In August last, during a visit to a floral estab-
lishment, my attention was called to a group of
Cannas, lately imported from Europe by scientific
florists, who produced this admirable collection
by crossing them with the best varieties in ex-
istence. They are from eighteen inches to four
feet in height, with variously colored green and
brown shaded foliage, and of different and
distinct forms of leaves, according to variety.
The flowers are actually charming, larger than
Gladiolas, producing up to twenty on a stalk,
and leaving the C. Ehmani— deservedly esteemed
by all lovers of flowers— somewhat in the dark.
The flowers of the new Cannas are in various
shades of red, from deep pink to dark red. One
of them, the C cardinalis, is similar in color to
the Lobelia cardinalis, and is one of the most
exquisite among these lovely sisters. There are
also pure yellow ones, and yellow with scarlet
pencil marks and designs on the petals, like an
iris or orchid, and every variety is differently and
most interestingly marked. I sent for varieties
advertised, and they are now growing and bloom-
ing to my great delight in my flower garden.

Among catalogues sent to me from Europe I
also found a collection of Cannas with some differ-
ent names and very highly prized. I sent for
them also, and they are now in full bloom, and
are magnificent. In the same catalogues I found
a plant named Spiraea venusta, which, if genuine,
can hardly be praised enough. I saw this excel-
lent specimen of a hardy character only once,
about fifty years ago, and was fairly charmed
to behold its precious flowers; its appearance
made a deep impression on me which a half-cen-
tury could not efface from my memory. I often
made inquiries about it and talked about it with
learned florists, but found only one who was ac-
quainted with it and of the same opinion as my-
self. Now, after so long a search, I have this
beautiful plant growing in my garden, and hope
to see its wonderful blooms in my autumnal days !
yet. It was, when it came, a very feeble, dried-up
root, just as if all life had abandoned it ; but by I

taking the best of care of it and nursing it up like
a baby, it began to show sprouts. Now it is a
healthy plant, and has really the appearance of
the article so long sought for, though without any
signs of bloom yet. So 1 shall have, in all proba-
bility, to add another year to the half-century be-
fore I have the pleasure to behold its lovely flow-
ers, providing that neither myself nor the Spiraea is
counted to the departed from this beautiful world.
However, if it gets into bloom in my days, and is
the genuine Spiraea venusta, I will make it known
for the benefit of all lovers of flowers.

I could not forbear from making the above re-
marks concerning an old and admired friend of
my early years, and will now resume the descrip-
tion of the new Cannas, which are beyond all
doubt one of the most attractive novelties and
choicest ornaments for our modern flower gar-
dens. Their tropical appearance and magnificent
flowers are making a grand show. Their culture
is very simple. The roots can be kept from year
to year in a cellar free from frost, or under a bench
in a greenhouse. When the roots are divided
early in spring, planted in pots and transplanted
up to the time for planting out-of-doors, they will
commence to flower the latter part of June, and
keep blooming until frost. I do not hesitate to
say that they are very welcome additions to our
modern pleasure grounds, and gladly give them a
most distinct space. And if they keep on devel-
oping as they have done of late, I will safely
prophesy them a glorious future.

Kingston, N. V.

[We believe Spiraea venusta is a garden name
for S. lobata. It is, as Mr. Burgevin notes, one of
the most beautiful of border herbaceous plants.
Its popular name of Queen of the Prairies shows
that people generally have appreciated its beauty.
—Ed. G. M.l

GARDEN NOTES— NEW ZINNIAS, JAPAN
HOP.

BY L. W. GOODELL,

JVeTV Zinnias. — The improvement in double
Zinnias within a few years has been quite marked,
both in greater variety and more brilliant colors,
and also in the habit of the plants. Two valuable
strains are added this year, the Z. elagans robusta
grandiflora plenissima of Lorenz (better call it
Mammoth Zinnia for short) and the Zebra of Hen-
derson, The former are, with me, now much
larger than the old double sorts, and of good,
bright colors, and give promise of coming up to

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

261

the grower's description when the plants are ma-
tured. The Zebra is a decided acquisition. I
have about two hundred plants, more than fifty
per cent, of which show the distinctive variega-
tion, the stripes on some being quite broad, and
some have one-half of the flower of one color and
the other half of another. The stripes are mostly
of two or three shadesof red on a yellow, cream-
colored or white ground, and on some flowers the
stripes are more or less broken into fine streaks
or spots.

The Japan Hop—\s a very fine, rapid-growing
annual climbing plant, as hardy, healthy and vig-
orous in growth as the common Morning Glory.
The leaves and vine resemble the common hop,
but it differs in the leaves being quite regularly
seven-lobed instead of three and five-lobed, as in
the common species, and deeper cleft ; and the
leaves are rather smaller and not so thick. It is
as easily raised from seeds as the Morning Glory,
which may be sown in house or frames for early
plants, or in the open ground in early spring. It
seeds freely here, and the plants come in abun-
dance from the self-sown seeds. I had a single
plant last year, which was planted out quite late,
so late that I did not think any seeds ripened, al-
though it grew twelve or fifteen feet and flowered
freely, but hundreds of the young plants came up
early in spring where the old plant grew.

Pansy Park, Dwight, Mass.

AMATEUR ROSE CULTURE.

BY W. H. PARK.

For the past four or five years I have been
much interested in the culture of roses. My com-
parative success in their cultivation, together with
the great pleasure derived by myself and others in
Watching the growth of this the most beautiful of
flowers, has led me to write a few lines, hoping
that some of my readers may be induced to take
up, practically, the study of this most interesting
department of floriculture.

My experience has taught me that too much im-
portance cannot be given to the proper location of
the rose bed. If possible, place the bushes so
that the afternoon sun may not reach them, for
the rose — although dependent, as all flowers are,
upon the sun — does not require so much as some
other flowers, and, in fact, the hot afternoon sun
during July and August brings forward the roses
too rapidly and is apt to fade and spoil them. If
the bushes can be somewhat sheltered from the
cold, northwest winds of winter, so much the bet-

ter. The most suitable soil is a strong, rich loam,
made richer if necessary by frequent applications
of manure in liquid form. I would recommend,
in starting, decomposed turf, and this should be
renewed from time to time, for even the earth un-
der certain conditions grows old and worthless for
rose growing. It may be safely laid down as a
rule that it is impossible to make the soil too rich
for the rose, and to this end I have used ground
bones, soot, wood ashes and sheep manure, and
find that my roses have thrived under this treat-
ment. Indeed, I think it is because of the variety
of fertilizers used that such good results have been
attained. While it is necessary, at all times, to
give to the rose, at the^root and on the foliage,
water in plenty, nothing, on the other hand, is
more injurious than a wet, retentive subsoil.
Should it be necessary to drain the bed some-
what, it can be very easily done by digging out
the soil to the depth of say two and a half feet;
fill the bottom to the depth of six inches with
small stones, and then replace the earth. I would
impress upon my readers the importance of culti-
vation. The soil should be dug and hoed, not
merely to keep down the weeds, but to insure the
health of the plant. A good time to stir the sur-
face of the soil is shortly after having thoroughly
drenched the bed, as by so doing one prevents the
top of the ground from becoming hard. Water-

I ing and fertilizing are very beneficial just before
and during the period of bloom. After blooming,
water should be used unsparingly, as at this period
new wood is forming, from which another year we
must expect to gather our largest and finest flow-
ers. In order that the rose and its foliage may
come to maturity in a perfect form, it will be nec-
essary that a constant watch be kept for the ap-

: pearance of the vermin, which ever infest the rose-
bush. Preparations of hellebore and whale oil
soap are most excellent helpers to rid one of these
pests. When mildew appears, powdered sulphur
may be applied with beneficial results. While
most rose growers have thought best to prune or
cut back the growth of the bush each year, leav-
ing it at a height of say from two to three feet, I
have thought that to let them grow as nature in-
tended is the better way. As a result of so doing
I have quite a number of Gen. Jacqueminot and

, Paul Neron rose-bushes from eight to ten feet in

: height and blooming to the top. The following is
a list of hybrid perpetual roses which I have been
most successful in raising: Gen. Jacqueminot,
crimson ; Paul Neron, pink ; La France, pink ;

i Baroness Rothschild, pink ; Anna Alexieff, pink ;

262

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September.

Anna de Diesbach, pink ; Mabel Morrison, white ;
Empress of India^ black ; Countess of Oxford,
pink ; Mount Carmel, pink.

In conclusion, let me say that while I have only
touched upon the edge of the subject introduced,
my object will have been accomplished if it shall
have stimulated in the minds of only a few a de-
sire to engage in the cultivation of the queen of
flowers. It may not be improper for me to remark
that I have received from Mr. James Nisbet, of
our city, many valuable suggestions as to the best
way in which to treat the rose-bushes at the dif-
ferent stages of their growth.

Paw tucket, R. I, July 23d, 1887.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Larch. — It is worth remembering that in
most parts of our country the Larch, of all other
trees, should be planted in the fall of the year,
and as early in the fall as practicable — the best
time perhaps, just before the leaves fall. It pushes
into leaf so early that failures in spring often
occur. It is one of the most ornamental of all
lawn trees. Even in winter when it is leafless it
attracts attention. When old enough to have
cones, it is quite conspicuous in spring, by its
brilliant red flowers.

The Oriental Plane Tree. — In our country
the Plane tree was once a popular tree — but when
the disease, still continued, deformed the Button-
wood or American Plane, the European fell into
disgrace with it. Experience however shows that
it is measurably free from the trouble that af^icts
its American relative, and it is being again sought
for by those who want to plant a tree of large
spreading habit. It is not a tree for small places
or very limited areas. A correspondent of the
Garden thus speaks of it, as it appears in its
classic home :

" The Oriental Plane seems naturally to luxuri-
ate on the banks of streams, and I was especially
struck with the magnificence of a grove of these
trees in the Island of Crete, where, in a vale at the
font of the White Mountains in Sfakia, a few hours*
ride from the town of Khania, watered by a
copious stream, and probably getting its name,
Pl.itanus, as well as giving it to the whole vale,
from the number of trees of this species growing
thf re, the beauty of which is much enhanced by
many of the largest and finest trees being held
firmly in the grip of gigantic vines entwining
their trunks for some feet above ground, as it
were with a huge cable nearly the thickness of a
man's body, and afterwards stretching out in long
rope-like folds, through and over the branches to

their very tops, and hanging down in long pen-
dent festoons of bright leaves and fruit, and yet
the trees seemed in good health, though they must
have been held for many a long year in the grasp
of these monsters. While on the subject of these
trees, I may here remark, for the benefit of those
who may be ignorant of the fact, that there still
exists is the Island of Crete, or did so some few
years ago, an evergreen variety of Plane tree,
mentioned by Pliny and others, and authenticated
by Admiral Spratt, whom I had the pleasure to
accompany in one of his numerous visits to the
island, but, though near the spot with him, he had
not then re-discovered this rare and possibly very
local production of nature."

Public Park at Newburg. — Arrangements are
being made for a public park at Newburg, N. Y.
The American Garden sug-gests that Downing
Park would be an appropriate name for it.

Parks of Boston. — Boston has 3,356 acres of
public park, of which about four square miles
are in open spaces of about four acres each. It
is an excellent example to other cities. Philadel-
phia made a start in 1883, and ordered by an
ordinance of Councils that its Survey Department
should locate these small breathing places over
the whole city, so that one by one, they might
be systematically purchased for public use. To en-
force it nothing has been done by the city executive.
Last spring the Councils of the city called the at-
tention of the Mayor to the fact that the ordinance
was a dead letter; but still the fact remains, that
in this city boasting of its 140 square miles of
territory, there are miles on miles of brick walls
among which the only place to take even a sick
child is on the crowded sidewalk of the public
street. It is fashionable for other cities to deride
the "cultchaw" of Boston — but that culture that
gives the poor and the sick some chance of a little
pleasure beyond what brick walls and stone steps
at the sidewalk afford, is worthy of all honor every-
where.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

New Hardy Hibiscus. — An American florist
advertises the following in the London papers.
We have heard nothing of them in this country,
and should like to know if any of our readers
can explain. The description reads like the com-
mon Hibiscus Moscheutos of our Jersey swamps:

"These grand hardy Hibiscus, which were pro-
duced after years of careful cultivation and hy-
bridization, we now offer for the first time. Though
none have previously been sold, they are not alto-
gether unknown, for hundreds have seen and ad-
mired them at Floral Park during the past two or

[887-1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

263

three years, and considerable has been said about
them through the papers. They are perfectly
hardy in any place and each spring send up nu-
merous branches, which, from well established
roots, grow 5 to 8 feet high, forming a dense
clump, as seen in the cut, which is truly a showy
object. The enormous flowers are produced in
great profusion from July to September, and are
over a foot across, being the shape of large
saucers. The colors range from pure white,
through all the shades of blush and pink, to deep
brilliant rose. Plants from seed bloom the first
summer, and increase in size and beauty every
year for several years."

A New Balsam— Impatiens Roylei. — The
Gardeners' Chronicle says :

"It may interest apiarians to know something
of a plant, easily obtained and easily cultivated,
that will supply their bees with a large quantity
of honey at a season when honey-yielding flowers
are getting scarce. This plant is no other than
the Giant Balsam (Impatiens Roylei, Walpers),
better known under the previously occupied name
of I. glandulifera, Royle— not "glanduligera," as
commonly written. It is an old mhabitant of our
gardens, having been introduced from North
India by Dr. Royle about forty years ago; and in
neglected gardens or undisturbed ground it will
reproduce itself year after year. Like the ma-
jority of its congeners, it is an annual, and a ro-
bust one it is, often growing to a height of 8 or 10
feet, or even higher, and having stout fleshy,
brittle, hollow stems. In the garden of the Hor-
ticultural Society at Chiswick, whither it was sent
by Dr. Royle in 1839, it attained upwards of 12
feet in height by the end of August, although the
seed was not sown before the end of May."

A friend of the Editor's near Philadelphia, had
a few seeds in 1886, and sowed them in the open
ground in May. They did not germinate till the
present spring. At this writing, July 28th, the
plants are about 3 feet high, with the rather
showy purple flowers on the apex of the leading
branches. When the laterals are also out, it will be
conspicuous, and make a nice tall growing annual
for flower borders. Though it has been in bloom
for a month, the honey bee does not seem par-
ticularly attracted to it, but a smallish black bee
visits it freely for its pollen. It should be ob-
served, however, that the visits of the honey bee
to flowers for their sweets, is a matter of educa-
tion. When they come to learn what is in these
blossoms they may frequent them. The plant
is, however, pretty enough to be grown for its
beauty if not for its sweets. Speaking further
about its apiarian prospects, the Chronicle says :

"With regard to the value of Impatiens Roylei
as a honey-yielding plant, we are indebted to a
report by Dr. Munter, director of the Botanic
Garden of Greifswald, in the Garten Zeittcng. It

society for the promotion of bee culture, held at
Potsdam, as a bee-feeding plant, and its qualities
were so highly praised that a gentleman named
Van Behr determined to try it on the Baltic coast
at Greifswald."

Calycanthus occidentalis. — The Western
Sweet Shrub does fairly well in the Atlantic
States, and is useful for flowering in July, after the
native Eastern species has gone out. But the
odor is not of strawberry and cream, rather of an
apple that has seen its best days.

Tufted Pansies. — This is the name given to
a new race of Pansy, by the London Garden.
It has been produced by crossing the Pansy with
some species of Alpine Violet. The plant grows
in tufts like some species of Violet. Judging by
the colored plate, the new race will be welcomed
by flower lovers.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Well Planted Trees. — " B." Baltimore, Md.,
says : " I have a puzzle which I would be obliged
if you can unravel for me. I bought a quantity
of deciduous trees this spring, which were tem-
porarily covered with earth on their arrival to
keep the roots moist. My gardener is a first-class
man, and the trees were set out with every care
and skill. In spite of this excellent attention most
of them have died. But, six of the trees my gar-
dener thought too poor and would not plant.
They were left covered up temporarily as I have
described, as the nurseryman to whom we com-
plained did not care to take them back — though he
generously deducted them from the bill. Now,
strange to say, all these six, lying on their side,
and only carelessly covered, are growing nicely,
while those which had such skilled attention are
mostly dead. I know the trees were well planted.
Can you tell why they should die and the others
live ? "

We never were good at untying puzzle knots,
and would rather have some one else get the
pleasure and satisfaction. We can only say in
a general way, that there may be some difference
of opinion as to what constitutes good planting.
There is a great deal of mere theory — mere
notion— about tree planting. Some of it harmless,
but much injudicious. We have known some
very ignorant men beat the men of intelligence in
tree planting very easily. A man may be very

successful in ninety-nine things— and yet never
appears that it was exhibited at an exhibition of a i have caught the right knack in the hundredth.

264

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[September,

Roses in the Open Ground. — " B.," Hammon-
ton, N. ]., writes : " Will the Gardeners'
Monthly please inform me whether I can grow
such roses as Bennett, Am, Beauty, Pierre Guillot,
Marie Guillot, The Bride, Perle des Jardins, Sunset,
Namenlose Schone &c., in the open ground and
winter them over for several years with certainty
and a reasonable amount of protection. I have
some of them on the south-east side of my green-
house and considerably sheltered in all directions,
I have prepared the ground well and would like
to be able to depend on them for flowers all
through the season ; I do not want to cover with
earth unless necessary. Can they be wintered by
covering with evergreen boughs ? It has occurred
to me that I might protect with some such material
and then stretch over the bed, in the form of a
roof, oiled muslin. What do you think of this
plan and what would be the cost per square yard,
and how long would it last ? "

[Roses in winter are not killed by cold — but by
the drying out of moisture, which cold often
causes. We have known roses in cold frames
where the thermometer must have been down to
zero, wholly uninjured, when they often seriously
suffer by a frost at 20° — in the open ground. The
oiled mushn is a capital idea because it partially
arrests the evaporation that ends in death. It is
also now pretty well known that bright light is
often a great agent in the death dealing evapora-
tion of our cold winters — so that the oiled muslin,

aiding darkness against light, ought to have merit
in preserving the roses.

We have however had no experience, and can
only say the project is reasonable. Nor have we
had any experience in the preparation or cost of
the oiled muslin. On this we would be glad to
hear from some of our practiced correspondents.
— Ed.G. M.]

The Double Tiger Lily. — "Mary" writes:
" Father says the Editor of the Gardeners'
Monthly might like to know that this hly does
not do as other double flowers do — come double
by changing stamens into petals. The flower is
as if made by setting three flowers into each other,
as would set three cups or saucers — and then come
the regular six stamens. But I do not care so
much for its botany as for its beauty. It is much
prettier than its single bachelor brother."

A very good note ; and we join in the last ex-
pression for we love beauty also.

Fine Tiger Lily. — "G.," Ardmore, Pa., writes:
" I went to a neighbor's garden lately, one who
prides herself on having as nice plants as you
might see any day, and there was a Tiger Lily
with a stem seven feet high, and bearing nineteen
flowers. 1 promised to write to you to know if any
of your readers could beat it."

It is certainly very fine, but we have no record
of the largest we ever saw. Do not think we
have seen one the equal of this.

Gremhouse and House Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

SOBRALIA MACRANTHA.
BY W. H. LESTER.

One is always certain to find something of in-
terest in the Botanic Gardens here.

Looking in the Mexican house a week or so ago,
I came across a splendid specimen of Sobralia
macrantha, with nine flowers open at the time,
and a glorious sight it was.

This genus of terrestrial Orchids is peculiar to
the American continent, and the species are found
all the way from Peru to Mexico. The one re-

ferred to is found principally in Guatemala, some-
times in very exposed situations, on bare rocks,
where the roots attain a hold in the fissures for
support. Several attempts have been made in
this country and Europe to establish the plants in
like manner, but, so far as I am aware, all have
proved a total failure. Under cultivation they do
best in large, well-drained pots, in peat, chopped
sphagnum and charcoal. Several flowers are
formed on the extremities of long, slender stems,
more than one of which seldom opens at a time,
lasting about three days, when another is ready to
take its place, until all have bloomed out. They
are very large — "four to five inches across" — and

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

265

showy, of a beautiful purple color, shaded with
crimson. The above I consider the best of the
genus. It is considered "miffy" by cultivators,
but well repays any extra care and attention be-
stowed on it. Washington, D. C.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.

BY WILLIAM LYNE.

For many years, when I was doing a retail
plant business, I grew a small number of Ste-
phanotis floribunda, and occasionally succeeded
in selling a plant, and that only to persons who
had used the perfume so named. Upon inquiry>
I never found a person who had met with any de-
gree of success. They finally threw them away
on account of the mealy bug taking possession.
It is a well known fact that mealy bug is the bane
of Stephanotis.

My recent experience and treatment, followed
now for two years in succession, should give an
uninterrupted supply of the finest and largest
flowers, equal to single tuberoses, during the sum-
mer season ; hence my object in writing this com-
munication, so that all lovers of plants may have
Stephanotis flowers if they wish.

It is now three years since I took possession of
Mr. J. H. Bass's establishment. In one of the
houses I found a large Stephanotis running about
near the glass— in fact, going wherever it chose
to go, a few small flowers in clusters here and
there, with mealy bugs by the legion. As soon as
I could get at it, I had the plant taken down and
laid under a tree on the lawn. We finally cleaned
it and placed it in another house. The mealy
bugs attacked it again in full force, and continued
to do so all fall, winter and spring. I resolved to
do something desperate with it— either kill or
cure. I took a stout stick, five or six feet high,
and nailed a cross-piece on the top, forcing it into
the pot. I then hung the plant over the cross-
piece, and tied it wherever necessary, top-dressed
it with rich earth, and moved it into the full force
of the sun. The consequence was the whole plant
began to assume a new and healthy appearance.
In a very short time new shoots started in every
direction. Many of these I nipped after they had
grown about a foot. But, what was more pleasing
and satisfactory, in the axils of both the new and
old wood clusters of flower buds made their ap-
pearance. As soon as a portion of them had ex-
panded I moved the plant to the front of the
house. It soon became a mass of flowers, and at-
tracted a great deal of attention and inquiry from

passers-by. After its season was over, I removed
it back to where it had formerly stood in the
spring, and early in the fall moved it into a large
house, where the thermometer went frequently
down to 45O. There it stood all winter. Last
spring I top-dressed it and placed it in its old po-
sition in the sun. It made flower buds earlier
than last year. Flowers are much larger, and
now at this writing it stands in front of the house
on the steps, as much admired as ever. Although
its principal display of flowers from the old growths
has passed, the young growths are blooming finely.
If by writing this sketch of my treatment of a very
worthy and highly fragrant flowering plant.based on
my two years' experience with it out-of-doors,should
be the means of attracting attention to it as a sum-
mer-blooming plant, my object will be accom-
plished. No mealy bugs need apply. There
has been none on it since it first went out-of-doors.

[There was a good fairy once that told a good
little boy he could have just what he wanted by
wishing for it. The Editor must have been very
good, and have had a fairy hovering over him,
for only a few weeks ago he was wishing that
some one who had found out how to grow Ste-
phanotis in this country would write and tell all
about it. No bride wants orange blossoms for
her hair if Stephanotis can be had. The fragrance
is about the same ; and then the petals, while be-
ing as white and waxy, are not likely to fall apart
as orange blossoms are.

The florists in the Old World who manage to
grow the plant properly always make money by
their cultivation, and the Covent Garden market
report on cut flowers always quotes these flowers
at enormous prices. The amateur lover of good
things, as well as the trade florist who reads the
Gardeners' Monthly in search of some new
idea to make money out of, will both thank Mr.
Lyne for his article.— Ed. G, M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Steam Heating in the Old World.— We
have occasionly noted how strange it seemed
that English florists continued to almost wholly
ignore steam heating of greenhouses in view of
its rapid advance in the New World. Mr. Fal-
coner has at length roused them to attention, and
when he tells them that eight tons of coal with
steam will do as much work as sixteen with hot
water, they begin to think there must be some-
thing in it.

|266

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

Flowers at Public Festivals. — Amidst all
the changes in social and political life, and in re-

out them. The soldiers of the American Repub-
lic, as well as of the dead Confederacy, decorate

ligious and public institutions, and no matter how I the graves of their fallen comrades with flowers,
diverse these may be, no one thinks of doing with- 1 honoring both lost and the winning cause, with

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

267

floral tributes. In the recent accounts of a festi-
val in Mexico in honor of Juarez, we read that his
monument was literally engulphed by flowers.

Public Sales of Floral Produce. — The
London Garden still favors the plan of regular
city public sales of flowers, and florists' products,
instead of depending on commission sales as now
conducted.

A Double Greenhouse Rhododendron (see
cut, page 266). — In these days when a plant is
popular not only for its beauty, but as it may
serve the interests of the cut flower grower, the
Asiatic Rhododendron we now present to our
readers will be heartily welcomed. The plant
has been introduced by the celebrated firm of
Veitch, of Chelsea, London, who furnish the fol-
lowing account of it. They have also raised a
yellow one, to which reference is made in the
communication :

"These mark a new departure in the history of
the javanico-jasminiflorum group, and are of es-
pecial interest, both in their horticultural and in
their scientific aspect. They were, with three
other varieties that have been publicly exhibited,
obtained by our foreman, Mr. Heal, who fertilized
a flower of one of the older seedlings that showed
a tendency to become double, with its own pollen,
and amongst the progeny raised from the smgle
pod of seed produced from that flower, were the
five remarkable varieties with double flowers we
have mentioned, two of which we now have the
pleasure of offering.

" The variety, album, as its name implies, has
white flowers, which are produced in large compact
trusses. The individual flowers are the largest of
the four forms, and so distinct are they from every
other Rhododendron, that they have been com-
pared not only with the Balsam, a comparison
that suggested the name for the group, but also
with a Tuberose, a Gardenia, a Rose, and even
with a Clematis.

" The variety, aureum, has bright yellow flowers.
In both varieties the flowers are very persistent,
lasting in perfection as long again as the single-
flowered varieties. These Rhododendrons will
thence prove to be among the most useful of de-
corative subjects for the warm conservatory ;
their flowers will also be most valuable for bou-
quets, button-holes, etc.

" Both forms received the award of a Certificate
of Merit from the Royal Botanic Society, July 5th,
and a First Class Certificate from the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, July nth, 1882,"

Lifting Chrysanthemums. — The custom of
growing the bulk of plants we require for winter
flowering, in the open ground during summer, is
getting to be very common. It saves a great deal
of summer labor in watering and caring for the
plants, and, if they are properly lifted, make bet-
ter plants, and are more satisfactory than plants
wholly pot grown. It is not, however, every one
who can lift a plant properly. The leaves should
not be allowed to wilt for an instant, if possible, or
they will fall; and, so far as Chrysanthemums are
concerned, one of the beauties of a well grown
Chrysanthemum is to have its leaves preserved
healthily till the flowers are passed. Very little
time should elapse before the plant is in the pot
from the open ground. The earth should be
beaten very firmly, and little by little as it goes in
the pot, a thorough watering should be given, and,
if one has a dark place to set the plants for a day
or two all the better. "A day or two," however,
means that and nothing more. Several days
would cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall.

Growing Hyacinths.— C. M. Hovey made a
show of magnificent hyacinths, at the spring meet-
ing of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.
His method of culture is simple. He pots his
bulbs in September or October, and buries the pots
in a cold frame, so that the roots may get a good
start. A month before the bulbs are wanted for
flowers, the pots are taken to a cool greenhouse.

Sweet Peas. — Eastern florists tell of the in-
creasing love for the Sweet pea, for cut flowers.
Many more were grown than usual this year— but
all went off at fair prices. They do not wilt as
readily as some kinds — a good merit in a cut
flower.

White Everlasting Pea. — The perennial or
Everlasting pea, has not proved as popular as the
annual ones for cut flower work. There is not the
same variety of color in it, nor are the colors so
rich. A pure white variety has however been
raised which is said to be very desirable for
cutting.

Perle des Jardins.— Mr. James TapHn of May-
wood, N. J., reports that this beautiful yellow rose
was a partial failure in that section of the country
last winter.

«Hi-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Cold Water for Flowers. — " Mary E. F."
inquires " whether it has been settled if watering
plants with cold water is an injury to them ?"

We

268

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[September,

think it has been entirely settled. It does not
hurt plants in the least, as a general thing, so far
as any permanent injury to the plant is concerned ;
but if we want a plant to hurry up its flowering,
warm water is an aid. Cold water somewhat re-
tards rapid growth. That is all there is now in
the. question.

A Fine American Aloe.— Mr. Henry Higley.of
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, sends us a photograph of what
is probably the finest specimen in cultivation of
the great American Aloe. It is 7 ft, 6 inches
from box to extreme top. The box is 2^3 ft.,
making the plant 10 feet high. It has a spread of
a little over 12 feet. The exact age of the plant is
not known, but is supposed to be about 30 years.

A Beautiful Cycas revoluta,— One of the
most beautiful Sago Palms west of the Mississippi
is said to be in possession of Mr, M. J, Nagel, a
noted landscape gardener of Jefferson City, Mis-
souri, It is only 18 inches from the tub to
the first leaves ; but the stem is 2 feet 6 inches
round, has 52 old leaves 3 feet 6 inches long, and
is now pushing out 46 new leaves, which at date
of this note were 3 feet 8 inches long. What a
profitable plant it would be to some florist in those
large cities where these plants are used for deco-
ration, or the leaves themselves used in floral or-
namentation !

If there is a finer plant west of the Mississippi,
we should be glad to have the facts and figures.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Notes on Wholesale Fruits and Vegeta-
bles IN Philadelphia Markets. — As a general
rule mere quotations a week or two after date are
of httle use; but there are often points to be
learned from the doings of a huge market that af-
ford hints for cultivators everywhere.

When the early peaches came in from Delaware
and Maryland, the first week in August, it was a
surprise to find none of the many newer kinds of
late years among them. Early Crawford seems
to be still the main dependence of the peach
grower. A very good one — perhaps equal in
value— of which we had not heard before, called
Munroe, came in considerable quantity, and must
have a good local reputation to be spreading so
quietly. Prices were fair— about S1.50 per bushel
for a good article ; but the crop seems not to be a
full one this year. North Carolina watermelons
brought for the best articles $15 per hundred.
Some first-class New Jersey melons brought $20
per hundred. This shows that a near grower to
market can beat the distant one, besides having
less freight charges to pay. This has of late been
an argument in favor of peach orchards near
large cities, though the cost of land may be h'igher.

The cantaloupe crop is said to be better than
for some years ; but the prices keep up, which
shows a growing consumption. The best brought
75 cents a basket.

Early apples are usually considered profitable
in the Philadelphia market, and large growers of
Red Astrachans always find ready sale for their
products at fair rates. I2.50 and ^2.75 per barrel
were the ruling prices.

The first grapes of the season, the first week in
August, came from Virginia and North Carolina.
The Delaware were very good, and brought as
high as 15 cents per pound. The market was
about closing for blackberries, and 12 cents per
quart thought to be a good price for them.

In nothing is the difference between good arti-
cles and poor articles shown to better advantage
than in tomato sales. While the very best first-
class article was eagerly sought for, and brought
40 cents a basket, the scrubs were dragging at 10
cents. Michigan (Kalamazoo) celery was poured
in in immense quantity, and yet prices kept up
pretty well at about 25 cents a bunch. Sweet
corn was also in great abundance ; but the best
brought 50 cents a basket,' The best white pota-
toes 35 cents, and the best sweet potatoes ^1.25 a
basket.

Good Old Fruits— Madeleine Pear,— While
the rage for novelties keeps fresh and warm, it is
not well to leave to cold neglect the good old
stand-bys that have given us pleasure in the past,
and show no disposition whatever to "runout" or
I in the least shiirk the duty they have assumed of
giving us full return for the attention paid them.
1 True, some of these do not do well everywhere.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

269

They are not wholly destitute of local tastes and
prejudices, and yet there are few among pears
that have this flaw in their character to any great
degree. Most will do well anywhere.

The pear we now illustrate is a comparatively
old one, and though so highly esteemed in its own
country, France, it is comparatively unknown in
English gardens. The pear an English orchard-

ist would recommend for the best early would be
Doyenne d'Ete ; yet so little do American pear
growers think of it, that its name does not occur
at all in the list of the American Pomological So-
ciety, while the one we now illustrate is recom-
mended as worthy of planting in eleven States.
In France the great number of synonyms at once
attests its popularity. It is known as Citron des
Carmes (being first cultivated by the monks
known as Carmelites), Magdelen, and Saint Ma-
deleine, and in Germany it has had the names of
Grune Sommer Magdalena and Grune Magda-
lena. On the Channel islands, off the coast of
France, it is known as Early Chaumontelle. A
variety of names is always a sign that a variety is
very widely grown. It ripens about the St. Mad-
eleine's day in France, and has derived its name
therefrom.

Near Philadelphia it ripens early in July, and is
gone just as Osband's Summer comes in. We are
not quite sure that it is so very much better than

Doyenne d'Ete that this kind deserves to be so en-
tirely ignored by the American Pomological Soci-
ety. Still, we think it deserves the position it oc-
cupies in the Society's catalogue.

Downing gives no cut to illustrate the variety,
so we supply this, and quote from this author the
description: "The Madeleine is one of the most
refreshing and excellent of the early pears. The
tree is fruitful and vigorous, with long, erect olive-
colored branches. Fruit of medium size, obovate
pyriform. Stalk long and slender, often nearly
two inches, set on the side of a slight swelling.
Pale, yellowish green (very rarely with a brownish
blush and russet specks around the stalk) calyx,
small, in a very» shallow-furrowed basin. Flesh
white, juicy, melting, with a sweet and delicate
flavor, slightly perfumed, good to very good.
Middle to last of July."

The catalogue of the American Pomological So-
ciety says that it is reported subject to blight in
some localities. We suppose fire blight is intend-
ed, for, as regards leaf blight it is, we believe, one
of the most free from that trouble. If any of our
readers have had extra success or unusual diffi-
culty with it, we should be glad to know.

Fruit in Massachusetts.— A note from Wor-
cester, Mass., August 2nd, says that peaches never
looked better at the same date. There will not be
many apples, it being an off year— but there are
more than usual, considering this circumstance.

American Fruits and Vegetables The

Garden having stated that the American cran-
berry, " when cooked, is said to be very palatable,"
and DeCondolle, in his "Origin of Cultivated
Plants," that "the United States, in spite of their
vast territory, which will soon support hundreds
of millions of inhabitants, only yields, as nutri-
tious plants worth cultivating, the Jerusalem Arti-
choke and the Gourds," Prof. L, H. Bailey Jr.,
Michigan Agricultural College, enters the arena
with the following cudgel in his hand :

"The cranberry is a very popular fruit in Amer-
ica. Especially will you appreciate this when
you take into consideration the fact that thousands
of acres of wild cranbei ry marsh are annually picked
over and the products sold or used for home con-
sumption. Of course, we never eat the cranberry
raw. Its principal use is for sauces and pies. Its
aromatic, rich acid is refreshing and wholesome.
A considerable portion of the crop is now exported
to England.

It is surprising how independent we Americans
are in this matter of fruit. Nature has dealt lib-
erally with as. It is only thirty years ago that the
cranberry was known only in a wild state ; now it
is much improved, and several good varieties

270

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

have been produced and are now in cultivation.
Fifty years ago our wild strawberry was scarcely
known to cultivation ; now every valuable variety
of our gardens is a product of our wild species. 1
Fragaria virginiana and its var. lUinoensis. It is !
only the amateur who now grows Jucunda and
Triomphe de Gand, of European origin. Along
our northern borders the European Fragaria vesca
grows wild, but it attracts no attention from the
horticulturist. All our grapes of out-door culture
— and that is the almost universal culture in this
country — are products of our wild species. A
few varieties, as the Rogers hybrids, are crosses
between our own species and the European. Only !
three of our wild varieties have yet been amelior-
ated to any extent ; while nine or ten more species
are waiting to be taken in hand by the cultivator.
Two species of raspberry, the black and the red
(Rubus occidentalis and R. strigosus), wild in all
our woods, have given us the numerous varieties
of our gardens and markets. The European
sorts are grown only by amateurs. Our black-
berries and dewberries, fruits of bright promise,
are offspring of the Rubus villosus of all our
copses. Our best gooseberries are also of Ameri-
can origin. Of course, these gooseberries are by
no means equal to the great luscious fruits of your
English gardens, but they are the only ones which
can be profitably grown here. At the present
time our native plums are receiving much atten-
tion, and already a score of varieties are in the
market. Twenty distinct wild species of Prunus
are found in the United States."

Orange Scale Insects.— Prof. C. V. Riley has
just returned from California, where he has been
studying the orange scale insects. He found the
injury reported to be by no means underrated, and
some orange orchards were being abandoned on
account of the scale. It would be easy to get rid
of the insect if it kept to the branches, but it
covers the young fruit, rendering it small and in-
ferior, even if the insects are scrubbed off before
marketing the fruit. He says the phylloxera for
the grape, and the phylloxera for the apple,
have invaded Cahfornia at last, but the curculio
for the plum and apricot have not yet found Cali-
fornia out. As Cahfornia has become in a measure
the rival of Florida in citrus productions, the
Professor has been asked which country is
best on the whole for these plants. He says he
finds one has an advantage, and something else
in the other, that he thinks advantages balanced.

To Make a Caterpillar Torch. — To burn
out tent caterpillars a torch has to be used which
Prof. Riley thus describes: Take a piece of soft
brick known as salmon brick, and trim it to an
egg shape ; then take two flexible wires, cross
them over the brick, wrap them around it, and
twist the ends together. Then attach it by the
wires to a long stick, and soak the brick in coal

oil ; light it with a match and you are armed for
the work. Asbestos may be used to advantage ;
and a little thorough work early enough in the
season, will obviate the necessity of more expen-
sive remedies at a later time. The soaking in the
oil may be repeated as often as required to main-
tain the flame."

The Fig in California. — This promises to be
the most permanently profitable of all California
fruits. The orange has hitherto been given the
highest position.

The Sharpless Strawberry. — There have
been some complaints this year that the Sharpless
did not get red right up to its point, as it usually
does— but the plants continue remarkably healthy .
So far as we have heard no spot has yet appeared
on its leaves and it will probably not be necessary
to introduce " the most wonderful berry in the
world " to replace it for some time yet.

Approved Strawberries for Ohio. — Mr. M.
Crawford a noted fruit grower of Cuyahoga Falls,
reports for the past season that Jessie, Itasca,
Summitt, Ohio (pistillate), Bubach, Jewell, Ontario
(too near Sharpless), Belmont, Covel (better than
Crescent), Lida and Henderson as varieties
among the newer ones, have good points re-
commending them to cultivators.

The Gold Strawberry. — Of the same par-
entage as Jewell, and about the same size. Its
flavor is said to be very superior, and the size
equal to Jewell.

The Gold Strawberry.

The annexed illustration shows how the form
differs from its sister berry, the Jewell. The large
number of small seeds together with the globular
form, will be good characters for identification.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

271

The Belmont Strawberry. — The Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society thinks very highly of
the behavior of this strawberry this season. It is
an excellent amateur berry, as the fruit does not
ripen all in a few days, and then all is over.

The Golden Queen Raspberry. — A few years
ago we had an excellent accession to the golden
class of raspberries in the Caroline. Now we
have another in the Golden Queen, sent out by
Ezra Stokes, of Camden, N. J., who found it grow-
ing in a garden of Cuthbert's. We have not seen
the berry, but it is represented to be equal to the
famous Brinkle's Orange in quality.

Spinage. — Many people complain that they do
not do well with spinage. It should be remem-
bered that it is a cool-country plant, and should
not be sown until about two months before the
frost period sets in. The ground should be very
rich. It can scarcely be too rich, if good succu-
lent leaves are desired.

Earthing up Celery. — We were surprised to
read recently the statement from one whom we
are accustomed to look up to as a leader in veg-
etable growing, that it was a waste of time to be
continually earthing up celery. Better wait till
fall and then make one job of the whole. The
fact is that blanching is a process of growth. The
leaves must grow white, and if we leave a celery
stalk complete its growth before we earth it up, it
will blanch out very little if at all thereafter.

One of the greatest of arts in celery growing is
to know how to earth it up for blanching. If we
do it too rapidly, or cover too deeply at each
earthing, it will check growth. If we leave it too
late, or do too little, there is too much green
waste. Little and often is the golden rule in earth-
ing celery.

Forcing Asparagus. — The attempts to bring
asparagus early into northern markets has not
been a great success— and as it is a very easy
plant to force, we beUeve there is money in it to
an enterprising man. People thought nothing
could be done with tomatoes and strawberries,
but Willson at Vineland has taught people other-

NEW OR RARE FRUITS.

The Wilder Pear.— Mr. Charles A. Green,
Rochester, says : " I shall be glad of your opinion
on the Wilder pear." Presuming that it ripened
at Rochester, we think so well of it for an early

pear, that we have sent it to the engraver. It is a
pleasantly juicy sub-acid fruit, just the thing for a
thirsty July day (July 30th).

Its positive value will of course depend on how
it compares with other early ones maturing at the
same time with it in the same vicinity. Of that we

The Wilder Pear.

cannot tell. We can only say that it is larger and
jucier than any of the early ones as growing here,
except possibly Giffard, but with which we are
unable at this moment to make an actual com-
parison. It is not quite as long as we generally
get Giffard, but is probably heavier. The one we
figure weighed 2j( ounces. It measured 7 inches
in its longitudiual circumference, and 6 inches
round horizontally. It is russetty brown on the
sunny side and yellowish green on the other.

Pear Beurre Hardy. — This fine Russet pear,
5 inches by 4 inches, is regarded by Mr. Pynaert
as one of the best Belgian pears, maturing in
September and October. We do not know of any
one who has given it a fair trial in our country.
It was introduced in France in 1830.

General Lee Peach.— This is considered a
good peach in Florida. Specimens nine inches
round, were received by the Florida Dispatch on
the 1st of July.

BuBACH Strawberry. — This variety has
proved the past season that it is a very good ad-
dition to our list of strawberries. It is not early,
but rather below medium in its season of ripening.

272

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Poor Seeds. — " F.," Cincinnati, O., writes : " I
am glad that you give a hit now and then at poor
seeds. It is quite common to hear that old seeds
are as good as new, and this is the excuse given
for selling them. I had a good chance to test
them this year. I wanted to sow quite a quantity
of Osage orange. The season was a little late,
and on inquiry at a well-known seed store, whose
advertisement I saw in the Monthly, I received
for answer that the quantity asked for could not
be supplied of last year's crop, but that a little
was left on hand of the season before, and of the
season before that ; but the firm believed that
seed several years old was as good to grow as
seed wholly new. I was pleased with the honesty
that did not mix old seeds with new, and ordered.
I sowed them all separately, and now for the re-
sults: The seed of last year grew nicely; noth-
ing could be more satisfactory. The seed two
years old did not get above ground till two weeks
after the other, and there are but one-half the
quantity of plants from the same quantity of seed.
The seed three years old did not grow at all ! My
experience is that old seed is not as good as new.

[This is a very interesting note, as we did not
know before that when older seed did grow it took
longer to sprout. We take this as an evidence of
low vital power, though the seed is still alive. — Ed.
G. M.]

Quality in Fruit.— A correspondent asks
why, when speaking of quality in fruit, writers
have come to confine the term to nice flavor. We
do not know that they do, though it is often used
to express a very eatable fruit.

Killing Couch Grass. — " C. J. T.," Flora
Dale, Pa., writes : " I am very much obliged for
the information concerning the Couch grass I sent
you. Will follow your directions where we can
do so. There is a large amount of it in our grass
fields that cannot be attended to until those fields
come round again. We have one field in corn
three years in succession, and have been cultivat-
ing and hoeing it thoroughly, but it still grows.
Every broken joint seems to take root and grow
off luxuriantly. I had about come to the conclu-
sion that it delighted in cultivation ; but maybe
we did not do it right."

[Undoubtedly you did not do it right. We
print this letter in order to emphasize the point
made, that the plants must be hoed out and culti-
vated while the leaves are immature — when the

green is barely visible. Indeed, it must not be
permitted to make perfect leaves. It is the easi-
est thing to destroy any plant, weed or otherwise,
if " done right."— Ed. G. M.]

Bees Eating Raspberries. — "Apis" writes:
" I do not know whether bees eat grapes or not ;
but this yea:r I am nearly wild about my raspber-
ries. I have a neighbor who keeps a large lot,
with hardly anything for them to live on. The
poor creatures have to forage for miles. Now, it
is singular that I have had raspberries in my gar-
den for years, and my neighbor has had bees for
years, but I never had them eat raspberries before
as I know. I think it is quite likely that the state-
ments I see in bee journals that somebody put
grapes and other fruits near bee-hives, and the
bees would not touch them. They are evidently
learners. Having at last found their way to eat a
raspberry, they will, no doubt, continue to profit
by their knowledge."

Rotting Plums. — A Lenox, Mass., correspondent
says : " Will the Gardeners' Monthly kindly in-
form 'No. 4' what is the matter with his plums, a
great many of which are dropping off his trees ?"

These have had an egg deposited in them by the
curculio when they were much younger, and are
now rotting, which is the usual consequence of the
curculio's attack. The half-moon-shaped marks
can be seen on the plums, where the ovipositor of
the insect entered. The common phrase is, "they
l\ave been stung by the curculio." The remedy
is to place a sheet under the trees about the time
the fruit is as large as peas, and give the branches
a sudden jar. The jar must be very sharp and
sudden. The weevils will then drop to the sheet,
and may be collected together and burned. Best
do this every day for a week, and every other day
for twoweeks after. There is no other way to get
plums after the curculio once gets into a plum
orchard.

Barren Japan Persimmon. — A Clinton, N. Y.,
correspondent, says he has a persimmon that bears
no fruit. The Editor saw one in spring of which
a similar complaint had been made. There
were no anthers on the flowers, so the fruit, like
a pistillate strawberry, is unfertilized, and comes to
nothing. There is always a tendency to dioecism
in all persimmons.

The Sand Pear and Hybrids on Quince. —
"G. F. H.," Flat Rock, O., writes: "I saw a few
days ago, an article from ' Lawrence of the Ohio
Farmer," Cleveland, O., in which he claims that
Kieffer's Hybrid, LeConte, &c., pears, and in fact

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

273

all sand pears, could be grown as dwarfs and suc-
cessfully on the quince stock. I am under the
impression, that you some time ago, claimed the
contrary. Am I correct ?"

[Mr. William Parry, of New Jersey, noted
several years ago that the Kieffer pear did not do
well. The Editor of this magazine grafted a few

on quince for experiment, and these few confirmed
Mr. Parry's observations. We have had no
further word from anyone on the subject — but
have no doubt that though there may be some ex-
ceptions, it is safe to say in a general way that
these varieties do not do well on quince. — Ed.
G. M.l

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PROFITS OF FOREST PLANTING.

BY S.

In the April uumber of the Monthly, I gave
some figures of locust timber on the farm of Isaac
G. Smock, near Holmdel, in Monmouth county.
New Jersey, and I promised to give some ad-
ditional facts of the growth of locust trees on the
same farm.

It is proper to state here that the first planting
of locust on this property was made about sixty
years ago by the father of the present owner.
Small trees (mostly sprouts, growing up near old
trees) were set at wide intervals on the banks and
sides of ravines where the surface was too uneven
and steep for profitable tillage. The few scattering
trees thus early planted, were cut for fencing
timber at intervals, as needed, from 1869 to 1878.
With them there had grown up many trees of later
planting, and also many of natural growth, sprouts
from the older trees. The cuttings in 1869, and
on to 1878, removed nearly all, and left the ground
in condition for a second growth. The sprouts
came up so as to occupy all of the broken land,
and cover it with a luxuriant crop of locust.
And now about all of the untillable land on the
farm proper, is thus covered. Of course in the
struggle for existence a large number of trees
have died. But in the area cut over in 1869
nearly all of the trees now standing will attain
size large enough to make posts. A recent count
of the thrifty trees on a half acre, representative
of the whole, showed that there were 246 trees,
or nearly 500 to an acre. Their average height
is 40 feet. A careful estimate of the quantity of
fence-posts which they would yield, gave four
garden posts per tree, equivalent to 2,000 on an
acre, and valued at $400, and representing the

product of the land-for a period of nineteen years.
Of course it would be better to defer cutting for
about twenty years, when the trees would have
reached a more mature growth, and when their
size will fit them for more valuable uses, and
when the product per acre will bring a larger
value.

When it is understood that these locust plan-
tations occupy ground which is practically worth-
less as farm land, and that the labor of early
planting was comparatively nothing, having been
done at spare intervals between the farm work,
the results are suggestive of the value of tree-
planting for profit. That the planting has been
profitable to the present owner is evident from
what figures I have given here and heretofore.

Albany, New York.

THE TAP ROOTS OF TREES.

BY ROBERT DOUGLAS,

Many questions were brought up at the Ameri-
can Nurserymen's Convention, in Chicago, last
week, which were passed over for lack of time to
discuss them.

A member claimed that the Black Walnut,
being a tap-rooted tree, the only way to grow it to
perfection is to plant the nut where the tree is to
remain. A great many amateurs in tree growing,
judging from isolated cases, are firmly fixed
in the belief, that if the tap-root of a tap-rooted
tree is once cut off or injured it will never
make a full grown perfect tree. It is true that the
Black Walnut is a hard tree to transplant after
standing longer than a year or two where the nut
was planted. A person wanting only a few trees
would do best by sprouting the nuts in moss, or
other moist material, ^.nd after the tap-root has
grown an inch or two, cut off the end, and plant
them carefully. I have found them to grow very

274

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September.

satisfactorily in this way, they will not make so
much growth the first season, but they will have a
well balanced root and are easily transplanted.

This is two tedious when they are to be planted
in large quantity ; when planted on a large scale
they should be carefully cultivated the first season,
bringing them up to i8 or 24 inches, removed
carefully, the roots well tightened when planting,
and they will then be sure to grow.

This idea about the tree never coming to per-
fection is undoubtedly a mistake. In discussing
this tap-root question, which comes up quite as
often as the seventeen-year locust, we need not
confine ourselves to the Black Walnut but take
tap-rooted trees in general. The Oaks and most
of the'nut^bearing trees will be found in this class;
we will take": the Oak as the type of the class. To
understand them thoroughly we should take them
as nature has managed them for ages before man.
There are compensations in nature ; she gives some
trees an advantage in one direction, and some in
another. Now let us see how Oaks and other tap-
rooted trees would have fared, had nature
neglected to supply them with their tap-root.

The Elm, the Ash, and most of our trees pro-
duce from 100 to 1000 seeds, to every one pro-
duced by our Oaks and nut bearing trees, and
they are in many cases provided by nature with
wings and other appendages for carrying them in
all directions, where they may find an opportunity
to germinate. The coniferous seeds have wings
by which they can float away, as without them
they would fall under the parent tree and " damp
off" under its shade. The seeds of the Poplars
are carried on wings of down, after they ripen in
the early summer, so as to plant them in moist
soils along the banks and bars of rivers, just after
the waters have receded, leaving the ground with
the right degree of moisture to favor the germina-
tion of such delicate seeds. The Elm seeds ripen
at the same time, and it has almost an equal oppor-
tunity to distribute its seeds. The Elm is a won-
derful seed bearer, a single tree sometimes pro-
ducing nearly or quite a miUion of seeds, while
10,000 or 20,000 will rarely, if ever, be found on a
tap-rooted tree. Hence we see that without the
tap-root we would have neither Oaks nor Walnuts.
The comparatively small number of these seeds
have no provision for being carried to a distance,
but drop under the parent tree, many of them are
devoured by animals, but the few that remain
force their tap-root into_ the ground, while the
seeds of Elms and other trees are being dried up.
This tap-root will penetrate between the roots of

other trees and plants, and when once anchored^
there it will bide its time, the sun may not be able
to penetrate, so as to give scarcely a ray of light,
yet this plant remains patiently waiting, forcing its
tap-root deeper and deeper, until it is many times
longer than all its growth above ground. It will
struggle along, even when year after year the
ground is so fully occupied that it cannot throw
out side roots, until it gets an opportunity either
from the decay of surrounding trees, when it will
batten on the decayed roots and make a remark-
able growth, or if a fire comes and sweeps the
forest, the Oak will force up a shoot or shoots from
the collar.

It is this pertinacity of the Oak which deceives
the casual observer, and sets him to writing arti-
cles about Oak forests springing up after a Pine
forest has been cleared away, "where Oaks were
never known to grow before. I never saw a Pine
forest in a soil and climate where Oaks could be
made to grow that had not Oaks already growing
there. Now, after the Oak has got firmly estab-
lished, so that it can throw out side roots, it im-
mediately commences to get rid of its dependence
on the tap-root, and the sooner the better for the
tree.

The tap-root is of no more use after the side
roots are established than the tail is to the tad-
pole after it has got on its legs.

An Editor of one of our papers recently copied
from a Scotch paper an article relating to a for-
ester who had planted a number of young Oak
trees with the tap-roots cut off, and at the same
tme planted a number of acorns of the same spe-
cies of Oak. After several years' growth he had
them taken up and placed on exhibition. The
transplanted trees were both larger and better
formed than the seedlings. Now, this was a very
interesting and convincing experiment; yet there
is not one nurseryman in a hundred who did not
know that this must necessarily be the case. Yet
this Editor was seized with a severe fit of Anglo-
mania, and said that when forestry has been prac-
ticed in this country one hundred years we will
then begin to know what they do now know in
Europe. We certainly have a better opportunity
of studying the effect of the tap-root on Oaks and
Walnut trees than the foresters in Europe, as
there is hardly a farm in the timbered sections of
this country where the farmer has not had stumps
dug out or pulled up and laid by the roadside.
We also see them on the sides of new railroad
lines and where improvements are going on. If
any one will examine and study these stumps, as

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST

275

undoubtedly every one would who is interested in
tree growth, he would not only see that these trees
had long been independent of their tap-roots, but
that the trees which had depended on them the
longest were the poorest and most misshapen.

Show us a tree with a straight stem and a well-
balanced head, and we will show you a tree that
is not depending on the tap-root, but is gathering
nutriment in every direction.

Waukegan, Wisconsin.

[Plenty of Walnut and other trees, transplanted
and denuded of tap-root when young, are majestic
trees about here. In Germany tap-roots to Wal-
nut trees are regarded as evils, and when a nut
is sown a milk pan is often placed in the ground
under the nut, so that when the tap-root goes
down it strikes the pan, and has to turn up at the
sides, and then become a surface instead of a tap-
root Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

American Forestry. — We have frequently
pointed out that common opinion that looks to
centuries to replace our forests is founded on a
misapprehension of American character. When
the time comes that a good'profit can be demon-
strated to follow tree planting, forests will spring
like mushrooms from the ground, and millions on
millions of feet of lumber will be fit for use in less
than fifty years.

Our ways are not the slow ways of Europe. On
this Mr. Douglas made a good point at the recent
nurserymen's convention. He showed that the
men whom he had used in planting were of all
classes. Even the fighting men known as ''Okla-
homa boomers " were looked to lay aside their
rifles, and take hold for the occasion of Douglas'
tree ploughs. He says :

"Now, the 147,000 acres in Kansas have been
planted by such men as these. They represent
thousands of stalwart, practical, common-sense
men, close observers. They are the owners of the
trees they have planted. There is nothing like
this to be found in Europe. A few land owners,
a few educated foresters, the rest mere machines

I for doing the work, that is forestry in Europe.

1 "It will not require one hundred years, nor
half one hundred years, to place America far

I ahead of all the nations in Europe combined as
growers of artificial forests. Less than fifty years
ago, you could not make one in ten of our farmers
believe that either tame grasses or trees could be
grown on our Illinois prairies. Even now the
European foresters are falling far behind us in
many respects, or rather we are going ahead, and
they are standing still. There is very little to
show that they have gained within the past fifty
years. They trench and spade their ground to
raise their seedlings, and dig their trees with
spades. We in this country prepare our land
with horses, throw up our seedling beds by horse
power, cultivate and dig our trees, and even prune
the roots, by horse power. A tree grower in this
country who depends on manual labor for grow-
ing his trees may make a good living if his land
is rising in value, but not otherwise, as far as I
know."

Natural Eistoby and Science.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Host Plants of the Mistletoe. — The very
curious fact noted by the Gardeners' Monthly,
that a tree popular with the mistletoe in one sec-
tion will be avoided by it in another, is still a very
interesting one, though we have had no additional
facts of late. But the Bulletin of the Torrey Bot-
anical Club gives a new one by the Rev. Dr. J. G.
Peters, that at May's Landing, New Jersey, it is
wholly confined to the Sour Gum, Nyssa multi-
flora.

Young's Flora of Texas.— Dr. Gray's Manual
of the Botany of the Northern United States, gives
all the flowers wild to the northern part of Virginia

and east of the Mississippi River. Chapman's Flora
of the Southern United States completes all south
of where Dr. Gray's work ends. Coulter has
given a Flora of Colorado, which takes in what
Gray and Chapman do not touch ; but there is
still the large tract occupied by Texas and con-
tiguous regions. Young's Flora of Texas fills
this gap. A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York, have
recently issued a new re-print of this, which will
be of great service.

Indian Clover. — A plant from Japan, Lespe-
deza striata, has been welcomed to naturalization
in the South, where it goes as Japan Clover.
Another relative, equally welcome, has made its
appearance. The Farmer and Fruit Grower

276

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

says it is Desmodium triflorum. It will be called
Indian Clover. How it came or how it spread is
unknown. It seems to be a native of the East
and West Indies.

Clethra alnifolia. — Scientific men of late
years have speculated much on the behaviour of
the plant for its own good ; and, indeed, some of
those who are striving to solve the riddle that in-
volves the origin of species look to an effort on
the part of the plant to get the better of its
neighbors in the struggle for life, as the great
factor in producing the varieties we see.

It is a very curious study in connection with
these speculations to note the behavior of swamp
plants. We have swamp magnolias, swamp ma-
ples, and numerous other plants that have in all
probabihty learned to adapt themselves
to swamps. Certain it is that every one
of them will grow on dry ground to
much better advantage than they will
in swamps. If we want to see a won-
derfully large willow, maple, or other
swamp plant we do not go to the
swamps to find it.

That these swamp trees have taken
to the swamps at some time in the
world's history, from higher and dryer
ground, is very probable, because they
are mostly of classes that are highly
developed. Vegetation probably came
into existence as water plants. They
were of a single cell or of a few cells.
They learned to live out of the water
as they became better organized, and
the higher forms
were developed on
the land. If now the
higher forms are
found in swamps,
it would argue that
these forms had
returned to the
swamps. It would
be said that they
had been crowded
out by other vege-
tation and had
learned to live in
swamps, or else die
out entirely from
the face of the
land, as there was
no other place left for them.

This might be a speculation in the line of

thought referred to. It has
been brought to our mind by
seeing a magnificent specimen
eight feet high and twelve feet
wide, growing on a compar-
atively dry lawn. We have
never seen any such a fine,
vigorous and healthy plant in
the swamps — their enforced
home. It is, indeed, one of
the best plants among sum-
mer flowering shrubs that we
know of. This first day of

Clethra alnifolia.

August it is the only thing in bloom among a
large collection. It comes in just as the summer

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

277

flowers go and before the autumn flowers come in.
The long spikes of white flowers attract particular
attention by the numerous black anthers, which
suggests a sprinkling with black pepper, and may
have suggested the common name of " Pepper
Bush." We do not know what better guess to
offer for the name. Besides all this the odor is de-
lightful. Bees are extremely fond of it, and it ought
to make an excellent substitute for white clover.
A few years ago Mr. Jacob Manning, the well
known nurseryman of Reading, Mass., made a
special effort to introduce it to general notice in
garden work. We believe his efforts resulted in
selling a very large number. We hope he is con-
tinuing the effort, for to have a plant on our
grounds will be a source of pleasure few other
shrubs at this season will be able to supply so
well. It is generally uphill work to get uncom-
mon plants into common use, no matter how mer-
itorious they may be, and the nurserymen who
undertake to do it deserve every encouragement.

Vigor and Fertility.— It is important to dis-
tinguish in plants the difference between what may
be termed the vegetative and reproductive stages
in plants. It is within the every-day experience of
the cultivator that so long as a tree is growing vig-
orously, it will not fruit. If a branch on such an
unfruitful tree is " ringed " or in some other way
injured, that branch is at once brought to the fruit
bearing or reproductive condition. So far we
see that there is an antagonism between the vege-
tative and the reproductive states. Now when the
reproductive stage has been reached, we see again
a subdivision. The part to which nutrition most
freely flows produces most freely female flowers.
The part to which nutrition flows less freely yields
chiefly male flowers. Any one can see this who
examines a larch, a spruce, or a pine.

So, when we speak of vigor promoting fruitful-
ness, we must be careful to remember about which
condition we are speaking. Vigor is opposed to
fruitfulness if by fruitfulness we mean the whole
reproductive stage. Vigor favors fruitfulness when
we are talking about a plant that has already
reached the reproductive stage.

Planting Beans and Cucumbers. — Some peo-
ple are continually asking, what is the use of know-
ledge? Cannot we raise beans and potatoes as well
by doing as we have seen others do, as by stuffing
our brains by knowing this thing and learning the
other ? It is difficult to answer these questions, be-
cause there are thousands of human beings on
whom any knowledge, no matter how small, is ab

solutely thrown away. But we were reminded of
the question by reading a paper by Prof. Byron
D. Halsted on the Germination of Cucurbitaceous
Plants. We believe he has given before a similar
paper on Beans. The man who knows and doesn't
need to learn more, puts his seeds of lima beans,
squashes, etc., into the ground edgewise. Prof.
Halsted, by that careful experiment and obser-
vation that is known as science, shows that this is
a bad practice. The seeds should be laid flat on
their sides ; and yet there will still be some to ask
of what use is science to the practical man ?

Travels of the Japan Clover. — This tufty
little plant, after having taken possession of many
Southern States, is getting a foot hold in Florida.
Unlike many introduced weeds, it is welcomed
everywhere. It will grow on dry or sandy soils
where nothing else will, and cattle eat it with
avidity. The seeds are so small and so few on
each stem, that it has not yet got into the seed
stores. Hence it seems to have a way of its own of
getting along. Its botanical name is Lespedeza

striata.

«-•-»

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Pollen from Rye Fields. — A Belvidere, N.
J., correspondent says : " I desire to note a sin-
gular thing which occurred when I was out driving
early in June. We were passing a field of rye ;
there was a gentle wind blowing. The pollen was
being loosened and carried before the wind in such
quantity as to exactly resemble waves of fog ;
indeed some parts of the field were obscured at
times. This may have been often observed before,
but it was new to me."

[Pollen in clouds from pine forests has been
often noted. It will fall on lakes and sheets of
water, till they seem coated with sulphur. No
such note has been before made of the large
quantity from a rye field. — Ed. G. M.]

The Snake Gourd. — A correspondent says:
" Few people have any idea of the rapid growth
of the fruit of the Snake Cucumber, Trichosanthes
anguina. A plant growing on the premises of
the writer, is bearing, at this time, two large
gourds, one of which, by actual measurement,
grew in twenty-six consecutive hours, 3^ inches.
The seed of this vine was started in a pot in a
greenhouse, and when about 6 inches high was
planted out in the open ground. It now covers
on an arbor about 1 2 to 15 square feet and the
prospects are that before it is killed by frost it will
cover four or five times as much space."

278

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

Smilax lanceolata. — We are obliged to our
Summerville, S, C, correspondent, for expressing
a doubt as to the correctness of the editorial note
at page 228, that the beautiful vine she described
as such a lovely ornament of her porch, was
probably Smilax laurifolia. She now sends a
specimen, which proves to be a neighboring
species, Smilax lanceolata. The leaf is not so
leathery as S. laurifolia — having more of the
delicacy of the Smilax of the florists, which by
the way is an asparagus and not a true Smilax.
Both this and the laurifolia are well worthy of
admittance into the regular stock catalogue of
beautiful climbing vines for general cultivation.

How^ Wood is Made. — A correspondent sends
us the following editorial from the London Garden,
with the note that it might be of some interest to
republish it for the benefit of American readers.
It so happens that it has appeared — years ago — in
the Gardeners' Monthly. It was written by
the Editor of the Gardeners' Monthly — and its
appearance as an " editorial " somewhere else
ought not to give it any additional value. To
oblige our correspondent we however republish it:

" In many trees the annual layers are so reg-
ular, and seem to be placed so nicely, that one not
a botanist might be pardoned for believing that
the sap was changed to wood matter in the leaves,
and the new-formed matter sent down, sliding
over the old layer like the section of a telescope ;
but, though the food was prepared by the leaves
in a great measure, the actual growth was made
by the germination of some of the cells along the
whole outside wall of last year's wood beneath
the inner bark. The germination of the cells
takes place about the middle of June. Take a
healthy cherry tree and strip it entirely of its bark
to any length desired. At that season a viscid
liquid will be found covering the woody surface in
abundance. The stripped part is covered with a
cloth to prevent evaporation, and in a few days
numerous dots, like needle points, will be seen
about the sixteenth of an inch apart all over the
surface. These are the young cells which have
germinated from those of last year. They con-
tmue germinating, one from the other, until they
meet, when they unite and form a complete
surface. In the autumn a layer of wood will be
found just as thick as in the part of the tree not
dibbarked, and a single layer of liber, with its
outer coat of cellular matter — perfect bark— will
have been formed over the whole. The entire
formation of wood and bark can thus be seen by
the ordinary observer without the necessity of any
nice microscopical work. Oiher people have tried
the experiment with other trees. We have seen
large apple trees that have had their bark peeled
wholly off from their trunks, at the season named,
make an entire new layer of bark and wood, not
only with no injury to the tree but to its manifest

enjoyment ; but our own experiments were confined
exclusively to the cherry. By this experiment we
learn that there is no difference primarily in any part
of the annual covering. The same cell may become
permanent tissue, or generating tissue, and from the
generative tissue may come, before the season of
growth closes, every form of structure known to
anatomists, from pure wood to the outermost cut-
icle of the bark. How these cells become differ-
entiated may be passed over here. We know that
cell growth is not always uniform in its operations.
The law that changes the outermost series of
newly made cells into liber need not necessarily
operate so exactly as to make them perfect to this
end — a few may be thrown off into the liber as
generative tissue — and, granting this possibility,
we see how the woody granules in the apple are
formed,"

Nemastylis coelestina. — " B. K. W.," Rayne,
La., says : " I mail you to-day a pretty flower which
looks like a purple Tigridia. I believe it is an
orchid. Please name it."

[Right in your first guess as being near Tigridia
— the Iris, and not the orchid family. Why has
not this beautiful plant become common in culti-
vation ? It would probably prove hardy a good
way north. It has a blue flower as large as a
quarter dollar. — Ed. G. M.]

Paper Mulberry. — " Morris," Pittsburgh, Pa.,
writes : " I mail you leaves of small shade tree
under separate cover. The variation is so great
that you will confer a favor upon me by naming it."

[Some of the leaves are as entire as a linden
leaf, others are cut in as deeply as a fig. It is the
Paper Mulberry, Broussenetia papyrifera. It was
at one time very popular as a shade tree in cities,
because it was a " fast grower," but like many
things of that class people soon find that a com-
paratively slow growing tree, with good points, is
worth much more than a fast tree without any.
It is not unusual to hear it described as " the tree
with every kind of leaf on it." The great varia-
tion is only on young or vigorous branches. A
mature paper mulberry has entire leaves. This
irregularity of foliage is common with many
species of the mulberrry family to which these
belong.— Ed. G. M.]

Red Spider on Arbor Vit^. — "Thuja,"
Pittsburgh, Pa., writes : " The eastern sides of the
Sib. Arbor Vitae in one of our cemeteries are dis-
colored to such an extent as to be noticeable as
far as you can see them. I enclose sample. Can
you name the trouble as well as the remedy ?"

[A bad case of Red Spider. Syringe the plants
with water and then sprinkle with sulphur. If
one or two trees are particularly valuable, and

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

279

worth a little trouble to save, hot water at 135°
from an engine or syringe, if the hands can be
protected, will instantly kill them. — Ed. G. M.]

Effect of Seed from Different Portions
OF THE Plant. — A lady well known for her writ-
ings in connection with popular science, inquires :
" For the sake of reaching general principles of
wide interest in the study of natural history, I
would like to ascertain the views of practical
growers concerning the value of position with re-
gard to seed. With this purpose in view, allow
me to ask the following questions :

" I. Has your experience shown any difference
as to the part of the plant from which you select
your seed ?

" 2. If there should be a difference in favor of
the main stalk, as compared with its lateral
branches, what are a few of the families in which
this difference is most conspicuous?

" 3. Would your choice for securing vigorous
growth be the same as that by which you would
improve the quality of the fruit ?

"4. If you wished to secure new varieties, from
what part of the plant would you select your
seed?

" 5. Have you ever tried for several successive
generations, the effect of planting seed from the
top of the tree, say, for instance, in the peach,
while at the same time a corresponding course of
experiments was made with fruit from the lower
branches? If so, what was the result?"

[Popular impression among cultivators is that
there is some difference in quahty in seeds from
different parts of a plant. Some farmers are par-
ticular to get the corn from the middle of the best
ears, and the largest and best tomatoes are saved
for seed. But how far these impressions are war-
ranted by carefully conducted experiments we do
not know. Any thing from our readers would
find a welcome place in our columns.

So far as the Editor's own experience is con-
cerned he remembers but one careful experiment.
It was with ten-week stock. An accident led to
the belief that the seed from the central spike or
shoot would give more double flowers than seeds
from the lateral branchlets. On a test being made
this was found to be actually the case.— Ed. G. M.]

Second Flowering of Orange Trees. — The
Florida Farmer and Fruit Grower kindly says :

" If this should come to the notice of Mr.
Meehan we hope he will give his opinion on these
points through his Gardeners' Monthly. In
questions involving the practical application of

physiological botany to horticulture, there is no
higher authority in America."

The subject may be explained by the following
extract :

" It is a rare sight to see orange groves in blos-
som at this season of the year. The present pro-
lific crop of blooms at this season is a source of
surprise to even the oldest inhabitants. It is surely
a novel sight to most of us to see the groves in as
full bloom as we have been accustomed heretofore
of seeing them in February and March. As the
prospects heretofore for a good crop of oranges
have been very poor, we all look upon these July
blooms as a great blessing, and the orange grower
is once more made happy. We see no reason
now why we cannot expect as large a crop this
year as during any preceding season. The
blooms are large and healthy looking, very abun-
dant and where they have dropped the little
oranges are sticking and growing nicely. The
second crop will doubtless be late in ripening, but
then we may expect better prices for them."

The Editor regrets that he cannot offer an ex-
planation with that precision which only actual
experience among the orange trees would war-
rant.

We can only offer analogies : If a horse-chest-
nut tree which has its central (flower) bud toler-
ably well matured by August, has its leaves wholly
destroyed by fire, as we often see them on city
streets, the buds do not wait till spring to open
but open at once. The trees are in full bloom in
September.

If a branch of a pear tree, which is fgrming its
flower buds for next year, in August have all its
leaves eaten off by caterpillars, as sometimes
happens, that branch will be in full flower in Sep-
tember and October.

In many places in the north the pear and apple
are liable to be attacked in July and August with
a rusty fungus known as leaf blight. In some
seasons the leaf blight is so bad that nearly all
the leaves fall. In these cases the trees put out
the blossoms that would have otherwise remained
dormant. Leaf buds also push into growth.

The inference from all these cases is that the
tree has not had all the benefit from its summer
foliage that it ought to have, and it tries to repair
damages by hurrying into leaf again, and the
flower buds push, of course, as well as the leaf
buds.

It is no sign of a " mild autumn," as so many-
writers aver, that trees make a second growth of
leaves and flower, but a sign that the first crop of
leaves had been injured before they had fully ac-
complished their work.
1 Most likely some such law may be traced r.t

28o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

work in the orange trees. But that is a question
of fact, which only experience among them would
settle. Here our second crop of fruits never come
to anything. We know of no reason why they
might not mature if the season were long enough.

If the season is long enough in Florida, the or-
anges may ripen and be quite as good as the reg-
ular ones. The matter is worth watching closely.
It is from these exceptional occurrences that we
learn the most.

Literature, Travels and Personal Notes,

gOMMUNICATIONS.

THE PEACH IN AMERICA.
BY LORIN BLODGET.

In the course of some historical researches re-
cently undertaken, I have come upon the following
paragraph in Kalm's "Travels in North Amer-
ica:"*

" I have been told by all those who have made
journies to the Southern parts of Canada, and to
the river Mississippi, that the woods there abound
with peach trees, which bear excellent fruit, and
that the Indians of those parts say that those trees
have been there from time immemorial."

This was written by Kalm, August 2, 1749, in
Canada. The French voyageurs never carried
peach trees to the Mississippi.

A^ain, ip Turner's History of Western New
York he speaks of the destruction of fine orchards
of apple and peach trees in the villages of the Six
Nations, by Sullivan's expedition in August, 1779.!

These were fine orchards and they were not all
destroyed. The writer grafted with his own hand
several apple trees of the Indian's planting near
Geneva, Seneca Lake, N. Y., in 1841 — forty-six
years ago— and he can testify that they were
robust and vigorous trees, taking grafts readily.
If the Lenni Lenape on the Delaware, the Six
Nations of Central New York, and the Illinois of
the Mississippi Valley, each and all cultivated
peaches as early as 1700, if not from "time im-
memorial," is it not strong evidence that the
peach is indigenous, equally with the Chickasaw
plum, and the Catawba grape? See my commu-
nication in November number, 1882, page 347.

Philadelphia, August 2, 1887.

[ Nothing is more certain than that the apple

and the peach are not indigenous to America ; it
only then remains to investigate how these fruits
got to this country so long before the observations
of these writers were made.

Now when an Indian refers to times "immem-
orial," we must remember that the memories of
people who have no written language do not go
back very far. Indeed it has been determined
that in about half a dozen generations the lan-
guage of the Indian tribes will so wholly change,
that two branches of the same stock, will in that
time, not understand each other.

Aside from these considerations, the apple and
peach trees referred to, have been traced to the
early missionaries in Canada and Florida. — Ed.
G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

*Kalin's " Travels into North Amerioa." Translated by
Jobn Reinhold Foster. 3 vols. 8vo. vol. II. p. 2J3. Written
1749, published 1771.

t"0. Turner's History of (Western N. Y.) the Holland
PiirchaBe." Bufifalo, 1849.

The Lover of Flowers. —

He can behold

Things manifold

That have not yet been wholly told—

Have not been wholly sung nor said.

—Limgftllow's ''Ham in Summer."

Passion Flower, Constance Elliott. —
There has been some dispute as to the origin of
this comparatively hardy and pure white passion
flower. It seems to have been a chance seedling
I from a lot of Passiflora coerulea, raised by a gen-
tleman named Napper, who gave a plant to Luc-
combe, Price & Co., of Exeter, England, who sent
it out in 1885.

A Fruit growing Settlement in Washing-
ton Territory. — A colony in which fruit-grow-
ing has been made a prominent feature has lo-
cated on the shores of Puget's Sound, with prom-
ise of complete success. Mrs. Gallup, of Denver,
and J. M. Grant, of Tacoma, names not unfamiliar
to florists and nurserymen, are among the settlers.

Besides the bearing which such a settlement

[887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

281

cannot fail to have on northwestern fruit culture
and gardening generally, the Editor particularly
commends it as in the interest of a dream he has —
to see an all-rail communication with Europe before
he dies. With the populous British settlement of
Victoria, and the American Angelos close up to
latitude 50°, it cannot be long before the short
distance between Sitka and Behring Strait is
reached, when the Russians would gladly meet us
through Siberia at the same point. This future
is far less dim than the railroad across the Ameri-
can deserts and mountains was a quarter of a cen-
tury ago.

A Giant Asparagus. — The London Standard
has been regaling its readers with an asparagus
growing on the steppes of Akhal Tekiz. 5 to 6 feet
high and as thick as a man's arm. There is no
such species of asparagus in Northern Asia. If
anything more than the production of the report-
orial thought factory, which often turns. out re-
markable specimens of newspaper work, it may
have been the stout shoots of an Aralia. The big,
thick shoots of Aralia Japonica are used as we use
asparagus, in Japan.

Qqality in Fruit. — Though we half-apolo-
gized in our last for the common misuse of the
word "quality" in referring to fruit, it might be as
well to try to reform. For instance, speaking of
the Gold strawberry, Mr. Hexamer says it is not
so prolific as Jewell, but its quahty is better. The
bearing character of a fruit is surely among its
good or bad qualities, and if flavor is meant by
" quality " in the case of the Gold, it would be the
best term to use.

Useful Herbarium Plants. — Mr. M. Buys-
man, of Middleburg, Holland, has started a very
useful enterprise in preparing sets of dried plants
to suit various objects. The farmer may, if he
chooses, buy an herbarium of weeds ; the druggist,
an herbarium of plants used in pharmacy ; col-
leges, plants suited to their various teachings; and
the general botanist, anything he wants. Plants
for physiological teaching, with the parts desired
properly dissected and dried, are also among the
articles offered.

Any one interested can correspond with Mr.
Buysman at the address given.

Drought in the Northwestern Portion of
the Atlantic States. — Only think of but eight-
hundredths of an inch of rain over 75,000 square
miles in ten weeks, and a torrid sun at that ! That
is the record up to this 8th of August. Horticul-
ture and forestry everywhere will sympathize

with the unfortunate. Millions of dollars' worth
of limber has been destroyed by the forest fires.
Though in such a time it would be too much to
hope that fires would be wholly under control,
there is no doubt that much of the loss is attribu-
table to the utter indifference to the dead wood
and brushy material that is lying everywhere to
invite the first spark that comes along. It is hard-
ly creditable to American foresight and energy
that such things be.

Engelman's Flora of Missouri.— The man-
uscripts for a complete Flora of Missouri, were
among the papers left by the late Dr. Engelman.
These are being edited, and it is hoped the work
will be ready for the press early in the coming
spring.

Introduction of Chromo Lithography into
THE United States.— By the kindness of Mr.
W. R. Smith, of the United States Botanic Garden,
and of Miss Mumford, of Washington, the Editor
some time since came into possession of a set of
magazines very much in the style of Flowers and
Ferns, of the United States, which, under the
name of American Botanical Register, was issued
at Washington. There is no editor's name nor
any date ; but we find from outside investigation
that it was issued in Washington in 1831, and that
the editors were Drs. Rich and Brereton. On one
page of a fly-leaf, which has been preserved, it
appears that the flowers were engraved by W. S.
Pendleton, and then colored by hand.

The art of chromo lithography has been of so
much value to horticulture that in the belief that
Pendleton was in some way instrumental in intro-
ducing the art, it occurred to us that it would be
interesting to have the history of the art developed
for our readers. We have the following letter
from Mr. S. R. Koehler, of Roxbury, Mass., which
we give in the hope that it will bring out further
information in regard to the history of this very
useful art :

"So far as I have been able to learn up to the
present, the first specimen of work on stone in
America was done by Bass Otis, of Philadelphia,
and published in 18 18. This, however, a little
landscape, was engraved on stone, not drawn with
lithographic crayon, and no one would suspect it
to be from stone without previously knowing it.

" Barnett & Doolittle had a lithographic press
in New York in 1822 ; but I have only seen some
diagrams done by them, which may be pen-and-
ink work.

"J. Pendleton (the brother of W. S., who seems
to have been only a publisher) announced in No-
vember, 1825, in Boston, that he had studied the
art in Europe, and introduced it, and in February,

282

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

1826, formed a copartnership with his brother (W.
S.), who had previously been in partnership with
Abel Bowen, an engraver. Abel Bowen also
took up lithography, and some of the earliest work
done in Boston and published in 1825 bears his
name. So far as I know, Pendleton was a born
American, and went to Europe to study litho-
graphy.

" I cannot tell you when chromo-lithography
was first practiced in the United States. Some of
the earliest work really worthy of that name was
certainly done by WiUiam Sharp, an Englishman,
who came to Boston about 1848.

" I have for some years been trying to work up
the history of lithography in the United States,
but It is very difficult to get reliable information."

Professor J. G. Lemmon.— Mr. and Mrs.
Lemmon, the arduous botanical collectors of the
Pacific Slope, are summering in the rich but dry
region of San Luis, Obispo county, Cahfornia.
They will return to Oakland, near San Francisco,
about October, no doubt laden with rare botanical
treasures.

Prof. C. V. Riley.— The Pacific Rural Press
of July 23d gives a portrait of Professor Riley,
which is an excellent likeness and a good picture
every way. It winds up an account of his life
and services with the following paragraph, in
which many besides the readers of the Rural
Press will heartily join :

" Prof. Riley is yet in the prime of life. No one
could fill his place, and thousands of people
throughout the land will wish with us that he may
yet be spared many years of health and useful-
ness. With so much accomplished, with so hon-
orable a past, it is difficult to predict his future, or
the good he may yet accomplish, for, as he is not
yet 44 years of age, it is pleasant to think that his
life is but just entering upon its best estate."

Our Government Entomologist. — Prof. C. V.
Riley, has again started for Europe.

John M. Smith — When a younger man, this
gentleman contributed some of the most valuable
articles that have appeared in our pages. Though
• in his sixty-eighth year, he is still hale and hearty,
and doing good public-spirited work as President
of the Wisconsin Horticultural Society. He is a
New Jerseyman by birth, moving into Green Bay
a year or two before the Gardeners' Monthly
was born.

Spencer Fullerton Baird. — When men like
Agassiz, Darwin and Baird pass away there is
little left for a monthly magazine to note ; for in
these days of newspapers and telegraphs the
world's loss by their deaths is heralded at once to
every household that appreciates the work which
such men do. Yet it is but meet that a record

should be made here of the departure of this dis-
tinguished man. Though not known among the
lovers of horticulture, he did much, by his ad-
vancement of botany (his earliest love), ornithol-
ogy, and the other kindred sciences, to make hor-
ticulture and the rural arts more intellectually en-
joyable.

He was born at Reading, Pa., in 1823, and so
early as his 23d year was made a professor in
Dickinson College. He was made assistant to
Prof. Henry in the Smithsonian Institution in 1850,
and rendered valuable services in working up the
scientific material for a number of the government
exploring expeditions. In 1878 he succeeded Prof.
Henry in charge of the Smithsonian. One of his
strong points was his personal magnetism. In
Congress it was usually enough that Prof. Baird
wanted something, to ensure an appropriation.
Men of all parties forget politics to help along
such work as he thought proper to be done.

John B. Moore.— Grape and rose growers every-
where are familiar with the name of this gentleman.
His death on the 22d inst. is announced, at the age
of 70 years. The estimation in which his devotion
to horticulture was held is attested by the fact that
he has been president of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society. He has long been a member of
the State Board of Agriculture. For the long
period of twenty years he was Deputy Sheriff of
Middlesex Co., Massachusetts.

Erwin F. Smith.— Mr. Smith has a well-earned
reputation for a scientific knowledge of plant dis-
eases, and of the lower forms of plant life. He
has been appointed by the Department of Agri-
culture as a special agent to investigate the dis-
ease, known as yellows, in the peach.

Professor J. T. Rothrock. — Professor Roth-
rock, the well known explorer and botanist, on
account of whose seriously bad health the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania gave a year of absence,
has returned home in improved condition, and
will resume his labors in science teaching the
coming term.

Charles L. Watrous. — This well known nur-
seryman of Des Moines, Iowa, and president of
the American Nurserymen's Association, was born
at Cortland, N. Y., in 1837. He entered in the
war for the Union as Captain of the 7th New
York Infantry. With three bullet holes at the
Battle of Bull Run in August, 1862, he was mus-
tered out of service. After the war he settled as
a lawyer at Winchester, Virginia. Suffering from
1 his wounds he abandoned the profession, and in

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

283

1869 started his very successful nursery at Des
Moines.

Edgar Sanders.— This well known and highly
esteemed florist of Chicago, has been elected by
the City of Lake View, in which suburb of Chi-
cago he resides, one of the Board of Commis-
sioners of Public Works. Lake View has now
40,000 inhabitants, and if they continue to get
such practical talent as Mr. Sanders possesses, to
rule them, while Chicago keeps the sort she has,
it may not be long before Lake View becomes a
rival to Chicago itself.

Mr. Jacob Beckert — the well known florist of
Allegheny City, Pa., has retired from business and
is succeeded by Mr. Theo. F. Beckert, formerly
of Beckert Bros.

Mr. Wm. Meggat.— This gentleman, president
of the American Seed Trade Association, was
born near Drumlanrig Castle in Scotland — a
place famous as a centre of horticultural learning.
He came to America in 1859, eventually becoming
connected with the great firm now known as
Comstock, Ferre & Co., of Wethersfield, Con-
necticut.

Since he has been in business on his own ac-
count he has earned a high record for intelligence
and probity, which has placed him in the honora-
ble position that he occupies in the seed trade.

Mrs. Louis Gloeckner. — Among the success-
ful florists of Albany, New York, this lady is
prominent. In 1873 the late Louis Gloeckner
bought out Mr. Ferguson, whose greenhouses
were directly in front of the cemetery station. At
that time they consisted of three old houses.
Since then four new houses have been erected,
and there is now a total of six. Mr. Gloeckner
died in May, 188 r. Since then Mrs. Gloeckner
has had the entire management of the property.
She has put up one new hot-house, built a new
residence and outbuildings, added two acres to
the property (at a cost of $500 per acre), which
now consists of nine acres. The ability and pru-
dence with which she has met responsibilities
placed upon her by the sudden death of her hus-
band are certainly creditable. She is at the head
of an establishment which in the summer employs
nine men.

Her work is chiefly devoted to the care of cem-
etery lots, sodding and planting. She has a few
orchids, but a large general variety of plants,
chiefly grown to furnish cut flowers, which are
made into bouquets, designs for decorative pur-
poses, parties, funerals, etc. The first house is

devoted exclusively to roses, of which there is
a large variety, grown to perfection. Other
houses are devoted to carnations, camellias, ger-
aniums, cinerarias, hyacinths, etc., and in one of
them there is a bed of smilax which nearly fills
the house. Mrs. Gloeckner has a large number
of customers in Albany, whose wants she is en-
abled by means of the telephone to supply as
promptly as if located in the city. Her florists
are William Dunn, John O'Neil, M. Coyne and
Mr. Neilman, with assistants.

L. G. Bragg & Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan. —
These nurseries were started in 1857, and have
grown till they embrace now 250 acres. Their
chief line is in fruits, though ornamentals are
growing on apace with them. They do a heavy
business by agents.

Miller & Yates.— This firm of nurserymen and
landscape gardeners, of Mount Airy, Philadelphia,
has been dissolved. Mr. Charles H. Miller, who
has attended to landscape gardening heretofore,
continues the profession in his own behalf. Mr.
Yates continues the nursery business.

Rohrer Brothers of Lancaster, Pa.— The
praise of one's neighbors is often more grateful
than honors from abroad. The Lancaster papers
speak in high praise of the florist enterprise of the
Rohrer Bros., of whose fine set of plant houses
the Gardeners' Monthly has heretofore spoken.
Their glass houses are spoken of by the acre, and
steam pipe by the mile. They have purchased six
acres more, attached to the former establishment,
which is also to be covered with glass. The East
End street passenger railway is mainly their enter-
prise and brings customers to their doors.

Miller & Hunt. — The well-known firm of
Miller & Hunt, florists of Chicago, have dissolved.
Mr. Miller retains the old business.

Halliday Jackson. — Another of that remarka-
ble band of Chester County botanists, which gave
such an impetus to the study of the amiable
science, under the lead of Dr. William Darlington
in the last generation, has passed away in the
person, of Halliday Jackson, whose name fre-
quently occurs in Darlington's Flora Cestrica.
He died on the 6th of August, in West Chester,
near Philadelphia, in his 70th year. He was a
member of the Society of Friends, and took an
interest in a wide range of the sciences, though he
probably had a greater love for botanical than for
other studies.

Dr. William Henry Ravenel.— Botanists and
horticulturists generally will regret to hear of the

284

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

death of this gentleman which occurred at his
home in Aiken, S. C, on the 17th of July, after
a protracted illness. He was born in the Parish
of St. John's, Berkeley, S. C, May 19th, 1814.
After receiving the usual high-school training, he
entered the South Carolina College and graduated
with distinction in 1832, Soon after graduation he
engaged in planting or as it would be generally
styled, farming, in St, John's, Berkley, and con-
tinued it for twenty years. Early in life he com-
menced his botanical researches, and his natural
fondness for these pursuits was increased by an
infirmity of hearing which cut him off from most
of the ordinary occupations of life. In the course
of his career he has steadily added to his Herbar-
ium and has left in the possession of his family
one of the most complete collections of both Phen-
ogamous and Cryptogamous plants to be found on
either side of the Atlantic.

He prepared several volumes of Fungi, called
"Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati "which were pub-
lished in this country and attracted marked
attention. He also acted as American Botanist
in connection with his friend Professor Cook, of
London, England, in preparing several other
volumes of Fungi. These last were published in
England, in editions of only one hundred copies
each, which were bought with avidity by scien-
tists at five guineas per copy. The net proceeds
of these publications were remitted him by his
friend, Professor Cook, but as the editions were
small and the expenses of publication very heavy,
the pecuniary profit was not great. In the course
of his investigations he discovered many new
species of plants, and more than fifty plants now
bear his name in the botanical works of the day.

In 1869 he went as Botanist with Professor
Gangee by appointment of the United States gov-
ernment to investigate the cause of the cattle dis-
ease then prevailing in Texas. A learned and
elaborate report was published from the data ob-
tained on this expedition, and it was ascertained
that the disease was not due to the presence of
fungi.

In 1849 ^^ was elected correspondent of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia,
Pa. In 1883 he was elected member of the Zool-
ogisch BotanischeGessellschaft of Vienna, Austria,
and in 1886 the degree of LL. D. was conferred
on him by the University of North Carolina. For
a couple of years he edited the agricultural depart-
ment of the weekly News and Courier with great
ability, and at the time of his death was botanist
to the State Department of Agriculture.

Dr. Ravenel was married in 1835 to Miss Eliza-
beth Gilliard Snowden, of St. John's, Berkley, who
died in 1855. By this marriage he had six chil-
dren, four of whom survive, one a son living at
Darien, Ga., and all useful and honored members
of society. In 1858 hfe married Miss Mary Huger
Dawson, of Charleston, who with five children, all
daughters, survive to mourn their irreparable loss.

Dr. Ravenel moved to Aiken in 1853, conse-
quently he has been a resident for thirty-four
years.

The war swept away nearly all his property, but
he met his adversities with Christian fortitude and
courage, doing his duty faithfully unto the end.

In scientific matters he was very conscientious.
Only a few months before his death, a question
occurred in our magazine in relation to the power
of some plants to set fruit without fertilization.
Prof. Byron Halsted had found in his experiments
that cucumbers would not. Dr. Ravenel thought
figs would. In a private letter to the Editor he
contended that in the South no fig had ever male
flowers inside, nothing but female flowers, and yet
the fruit — figs — freely followed. Because the
Editor sent him a young fig in which a few male
flowers could be discerned, he wrote requesting
that his paper should not be published rather than
risk the shghtest inaccuracy.

Ezra Whitman, Editor and Publisher of
THE " Maryland Farmer."— The death of this
well known gentleman occurred in Baltimore on
the 13th of July. He was in his 75th year, having
been born at Bridgewater, Mass., on the 7th of
June, 18 12. He removed to Baltimore in 1843
and established himself in the seed and agricult-
ural implement business, and took a public spirited
interest in everything connected with the interests
of that city. The Maryland Institute, the Agri-
cultural College, and the State Agricultural Col-
lege are largely indebted to him for their origin
and success. We believe the present Maryland
Horticultural Society owes its existence princi-
pally to him. At least he paid a visit to the Ed-
itor of this magazine for the express purpose of
consulting as to the best methods of again bring-
ing it into existence. He left full of enthusiasm
and determination to bring the event about.
Some time afterwards he wrote that he had suc-
ceeded and invited the writer to the first exhibi-
tion. The meetings have been continued since.
We mention these facts in detail, because, not be-
ing on the spot, it may be that others may have
some claim to a share in re-establishing this excel-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

285

lent body. If not absolutely the founder, we can
say that a large share in the work was absolutely
his.

Geo. p. Lamb. — Landscape gardening and
floriculture generally, in Wilmington, North Car-
olina, loses a good friend in Mr. Geo. P. Lamb,
who, for so many years, was looked up to as an
authority in these matters by the citizens of that
place. When he attended the Florists' Conven-
tion in Philadelphia last year his many friends
looked forward to many years yet of his pleasant
company. He died on the 27th of July in his
6ist year.

Henri Jacotol. — The Garden gives a portrait
of Jacotol, who was a nurseryman at Dijon in
Burgundy, where he died not many years ago.
He introduced the famous Gloire de Dijon rose.
It was a chance seedling.

LiNDENiA. — This magnificent work, devoted
wholly to illustrating and describing orchids, has
just completed its second volume. The first part
of the third volume will soon be issued, and the
publishers announce that the parts of the next
volume will appear with the same regularity that
all the rest have done. The office will in future
be at the personal dwelling of Mr. Lucien Linden,
100 Rue BeUiard, Brussells, to whom the subscrip-
tions, 60 francs for the volume in 12 parts, may
be sent. The part before us has Odontoglossum,
Coradinei var. grandiflorum, Phalaenopsis Lud-
demanniana, Masdevallia Veitchiana, and Seleni-
pedium caudatum. The pictures are of folio
size and so naturally drawn and colored that one
can almost imagine they smell the delicious
perfume of the living flowers while looking at
them. Now that orchid culture is becoming so
popular with us, "Lindenia" ought to get many
subscriptions from this side of the water.

Practical Floriculture.— By Peter Hender-
son. Orange, Judd Co., 1887.

This is a "new and enlarged edition," and it is
a pleasure to say that this is not to be taken in
the sense in which such booksellers' announce,
ments are often made — a mere word or two adde^
here and there — but an honest and hard working
attempt to give the experience of Mr. Henderson
down to the latest date.

We often hear people discuss what has had most
to do with the present prosperous condition of Am-
erican floriculture; for, unbiased judges— in Eng-
land especially — decide that American floricul-
ture— we mean floriculture as a business and not
simply as a part of gardening — stands in a very

high position before the gardening world. There
have been many causes for this, and we believe
the efforts of the Gardeners' Monthly to spread
a knowledge of every thing that will give a charm
to gardening have had their full share in the good
work. But all will agree that Mr. Henderson's
labors, and especially his work on "Practical
Floriculture," have been of immense influence in
the good work, and he may well feel proud of his
share in the result.

Drugs and Medicines of North America. —
Published quarterly by Messrs. Lloyd of Cincin-
nati. The last part has a figure of Lobelia siphy-
litica ; Scrophularia nodosa ; Laurus or Lindera
Benzoin, the Spice Bush ; Cercis Canadensis, the
Red-bud or Judas tree; and Erecthites hieraciifolia,
one of the Fire weeds. The treatment of the sub-
jects not only includes a history of the use of the
plants in medicine — but the full botanical charac-
ters are developed, and almost everything in the
history of the plants treated of.

The Semi-Tropical Planter. — This is a new
horticultural monthly, published by H. C. Cooke
& Co., San Diego, California. Of course figs,
oranges, bananas, and semi-tropicals generally
receive a good share of attention.

The Canadian Horticulturist.— The types
made us say the new editor of the Canadian Hor-
ticulturist is C. Woolverton instead of L. Woolver-
ton as written.

Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural
Society.— From George B. Brackett, Denmark, la.
This is the twenty-first annual volume, and is an
excellent record of the progress of horticulture in
that state. None of the numerous papers are very
long, which by no means detracts from their
value. As is quite natural in the newer portions of
our country, fruit and vegetable growing receive a
large share of attention, though forestry seems to
be a growing interest.

Transactions of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society. — Part II., 1886. We are
under obligations to Mr. Robert Manning, Secre-
tary, for the part that has just appeared.

Catalogues. — Augur, P. M, & Sons, " Gold '*
Strawberry List, Middlefield, Conn.; Deegan, Max,
Jr., Dahlias, Roses, &c., Kostritz, Germany; De
Smet Freres, Plant and General Catalogue, Ghent,
Belgium ; Kreinberg. Oscar R., Pansies and other
Seeds, Philadelphia ; Neubert, E., Price List Plants,
Fall 1887, Hamburg, Germany ; Salzer, Jno, A.,
Northern Grown Plants and Seeds, La Crosse,
Wis.; Thorburn, Jno. M. & Co., Descriptive Cata-
logue Bulbs, 15 John St., N. Y. City; Van Geert,
Aug., Trade List, 1887, Ghent, Belgium.

286

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Butterfly Weed. — "Mary" writes: "Can
you tell me why the beautiful Asclepias tuberosa
is called butterfly weed ? I see no resemblance to
a butterfly in the flower ?" Our young friend might
have seen butterflies on the flower. We never saw
it in bloom but it had butterflies for constant
visitors. We suppose it may have been from this
fact that it derived the common name.

The Ravishing Snow Flower. — A Florida
correspondent sends us the following paragraph,
and asks, is there " any foundation " for it ?

"The great botanist, AnthoskofF, found in Siberia,
in 1870, the ravishing snow flower, the seeds of
which he took to St. Petersburg, and which flowered
in the presence of the Imperial family. This beau-
tiful and impressive member of the floral kingdom
is perfectly white, leaves, stock and flower, and
it springs up to the height of three feet in three
days ! The plant possesses only three snow-white
leaves and its flower ; buds, blossoms and fades in
twenty-four hours. It is in the shape of a star,
about four inches in diameter, and possesses petals
of great length. It exhales a slight and delicate
odor, but if touched by a warm hand both it and
the leaves and the stock on which they rest, dis-
solve instantly into a substance that seems almost
pure snow. It would appear, indeed, that it was
a kind of snow fungus, but it produces seeds which
can be transported, and which when sown in the

snow, readily come to maturity and produce
flowers. It is frequently mentioned in Russian,
Tartar, and Norse poetry, but up to its actual dis-
covery by the botanist referred to, its existence
had generally been considered fabulous."

[In the first place there is no "great botanist,"
Anthoskofif. Anthos is Greek for "flower" — and
the whole thing is evidently made up by some
clever newspaper reporter. It sprang up, we fancy
in less than three days — probably three minutes
were sufficient to bring into full maturity from the
seed, as it fell on cerebral snow cap, where it was
first found. — Ed. G. M.]

Storage Houses. — " H. H.," of Halifax, Nova
Scotia, writes : " I cannot find in any book on
horticultural buildings, how to construct nursery
tree store-houses and instructions how to manage
them. I would be obliged if I could have a leaf
from the Editor's knowledge and experience."

[Nurserymen have to adapt these houses to the
special wants of each business and the locality,
and we fancy no two would want exactly the same
building. The only point is, to build it so that the
temperature will not be much above or below freez-
ing. A little frost is better than to be much above,
or the plants will sprout. If any of our readers who
have been very successful with a storage house
for general purposes, would kindly describe it, it
would be appreciated. — Ed. G, M.]

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Holland Bulb Trade. — The Royal Gen-
eral Union for the cultivation of flower roots at
Haarlem has held an extraordinary general meet-
ing on June 20th, which was attended by a
large number of its members, among whom the
principal growers of bulbs and the principal mem-
bers of the bulb trade. At this meeting the fact
was considered that the unusual cold weather of
this spring has caused all growing crops to be
very backward ; this unusual circumstance was
discussed and led to the resolution that in conse-
quence of this extraordinary season the flower
roots and more particularly the Hyacinths most
probably will not come to full maturity at the us-
ual time, and therefore their exportations may be
at a somewhat later period than usual.

Individual Horticultural Exhibitions. —
We have repeatedly shown that with a few worthy
exceptions, horticultural and agricultural societies
have not progressed as the world has moved. The
best people among amateurs neglect them, while
exhibitors have to be almost tearfully besought to
rake up something to fill the room. Yet there are
exhibitors in numbers, if it were made their inter-
est to bring out their products ; and thousands
ready to patronize any work of excellence in the
gardening world.

Private parties are undertaking to do the work
of exhibiting, independent of societies. The suc-
cess of Siebrecht recently with orchids, and El-
liott with Rhododendrons, show what can be done
in this way towards educating an admiring popu-
lar taste. Franklin, Pennsylvania, is to have a
treat of this kind at the hands of W. T. Bell, the

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

287

leading florist of that city, in the shape of a
Chrysanthemum show. He has built a large show
house of one hundred feet long for the special
purpose of the exhibit. It will be heated by hot
water in case of cold nights, which, during Chrys-
anthemum time, might reasonably occur.

There will be 150 varieties, and all grown as the
best of skill could manage them. Though the af-
fair will cost Mr. Bell many hundreds of dollars,
he has such confidence in the excellence of his
exhibit that he expects the whole world of Western
Pennsylvania, with his wife and daughters, will go
to see them, and that the small entrance charge
will fully recompense him for his trouble.

The American Forestry Congress. — The
Sixth Annual Meeting will be held at Springfield,
111., on the 14th, 15th and i6th of September, on
the invitation of the State Senate and the House
of Representatives. The local committee are en-
deavoring to make the meeting a memorable one.
The object of the society is the endeavor to im-
press upon our people the need of caution, econ-
omy, and a conservative management of our
forest resources ; the need of a timely beginning
for future emergencies ; the need of systematic
planting for immediate effects in the treeless
plains; the need of forest preservation on our
hills and mountains. Those who can aid the
society by membership, by papers, or by their
presence at the meeting, may address Mr. B.
Fernow, Secretary, Washington, D. C.

Tne American Pomological Society. — The
following, dated from Zurich, Switzerland, July 23,
1887, will be very interesting to all our readers :

" I intended to have written you sooner, ask-
ing you to notice, in your August and Septem-
ber numbers, the meeting of the Pomological So-
ciety at Boston, September 14th. It will be an
event of extraordinary interest to pomologists and
fruit growers in all parts of our country, as the
prizes offered by the Massachusetts Society will
bring out a great display.

"Wherever we have been in Europe w6 find
fruit culture substantially a neglected pursuit. As
far as I can judge it does not receive as much at-
tention as it did twenty years ago. All through
Germany we got nothing but wild strawberries
from the mountains ; other fruits are scarce and
dear. We hear a good deal of apple trees on the
road sides. It is true, the trees are there, neglected
and fruitless. An apple tree with its roots under
the roadway on one side and old worn out sod
on the other, cannot yield fruit fit to be eaten.

" I attribute this neglect of fruits to the pre-
vailing necessity for using every foot of ground
for crops, which are the necessaries of life. Cows
take the place of oxen and horses, and the most
rigid economy is practiced. Crops fine all through

France, Belgium and Germany — apparent pros-
perity everywhere.

"If I had time I could tell you something about
trees that would be of interest to you and many of
your readers. A superb Sequoia gigantea is in the
hotel garden here — fifty feet high and twenty feet in
diameter of branches at base, a perfect cone,
twenty years planted. I think we have seen a
dozen nearly as good in other gardens here.
Cupressus Lawsoniana is as good, and about same
size and age. Thuiopis borealis, Abies Pinsapo,
and many others finer than I have seen else-
where.

" We shall sail for home on the 24th of August
from Bremen on the AUer. We read in the papers
here of a dreadfully warm period in the United
States. We have not had more than three very
warm days on this side. Yours sincerely,

"P. Barry."

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. —
At the meeting on the 30th of July, the chief inter-
est was the competition for sweet peas adjusted to
a scale of points, as good horticultural judging
should be. The name of the successful compet-
itor has not been given us. There was warm compe-
tition between Mr. J. W. Manning and Mr. Wm. J.
Martin, gardener to Nathaniel T. Kidder, Esq., in
Herbaceous plants, each having about ninety
kinds. In Mr. Wm. Manning's was a stem of Lil-
ium superbum of the enormous length of 9 feet.
Another remarkable feature so early in the season,
was a fine collection of Dahlias from Mr. Fewkes.
In the competition for native ferns in pots, Mrs.
P. D. Richards had forty-one species, and Mr. Sev-
erance Burrage, forty. The third premium of Mrs.
C. N. S. Hosmer, also had forty species. There
were a number of exhibits of wild flowers, a pretty
novelty being a white variety of Asclepias incar
nata pulchrafrom Walter E, Coburn.

The display of fruit was good. B. G. Smith's
two prize baskets of English gooseberries (Bangup
and Whitesmith) were very fine. Mr. Smith also
exhibited the Wilson Junior blackberry, which was
tested by the committee and found rather deficient
in flavor, and a basket of handsome seedling blue-
berries. Mrs. J. R. Simmons contributed blue-
berries, grown in Princeton, of remarkably large
size. W. C. Eustis had a good dish of Red Astra-
chan apples. S. Hartwell's first prize dish of
peaches (Waterloo) was excellent.

The vegetable department included fine peas,
corn, potatoes and tomatoes, but nothing calling
for special notice.

Society of American Florists. — As we go
to press we learn that the meeting at Chicago was
a very successful one. There were some fifty
from New York and sixty from Philadelphia.

288

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[September,

The address of the retiring president, Craig, was
very well received. Mr. E. G. Hill, who formerly
served officially as secretary, was elected presi-
dent. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale declined a re-election
as secretary.

An interesting incident of the meeting was a
public welcome to Mr. Henry Bennett, of Eng-
land, the raiser of so many famous roses, who was
present on a visit from his country. His presence
was announced amidst rounds of applause, that
evidently disconcerted him. He broke down in
an attempt to return thanks, at the warmth of his
reception, and retired from the stage with tears,
coursing down his cheeks. He is a chunky, blue-
eyed, pleasant faced little gentleman, with iron-
gray side whiskers. The thousands who have de-
rived so much pleasure from his floral exertions
will wish him many years of Hfe to continue his
useful services.

A Flower Show for Public School Chil-
DREN. — The following account of a novel idea is
reported by the Isle of Wright (England) Ob-
server :

" On Wednesday a very pretty little wild flower
show, in aid of the Congregational Village Station
Chapels, attracted a considerable number to Elm-
field, The cost of getting up the show was incon-
siderable, the prizes oflfered being quite sufficient
to induce the school children to scour the country
for miles in order to obtain bouquets of wild
flowers, and as pleasure was afforded to so many
by the little show we think it would be a good thing
for our Congregational friends to extend their
sphere of operations and hold the next show in
Ryde, where, doubtless, much better prices could
be obtained for the bouquets. Some of the chil-
dren had obtained orchids rather rare in the
Island. One little maid, named Sophia Joy, had
a specimen of the bird's nest orchid, and must
have wandered a considerable distance in the
woods to have obtained it. The prizes offered for
designs seem to have stimulated the inventive fac-
ulties of the children, one of whom, Alice James,
was awarded a first prize for a very pretty jubilee
design, the dates • 1837-1887,' being arranged in
tiny little white flowers on a ground of moss sur-
rounded with a border of varied colored flowers.
The judges were Mr. John Jolliffe and Mr. Scott
Conacher, who awarded the prizes as follows:
Class I, for variety— ist, Mabel Sivell : 2d, Harry
Leal; equal 3ds, E. Dallimore and Douglas
Moore. Class 2, for tasteful arrangement and
variety — ist, Alice Russell; 2d, Mrs. Loveland ;
3d, Gracie Sivell. Class 3, for arrangement — ist,
Edith Jeffrey ; 2d, Sophie Joy ; 3d, Alice Griffen.
Class 4, for square bouquets — ist, F. Wheeler;
2d, Sophie Joy; 3d, Ellen Moorman. Class 5, for
design — ist, Alice James; 2d, Ellen Moorman;
3d, Annie Grist. Class 6, for simplicity— ist, Mrs.
Griffen. Mr. Councillor H. Pollard, of Ryde, dis-
tributed the prizes to the children with a few hum-

orous remarks to each of them. Mr. Steward ex-
plained that the amount received on the last oc-
casion they held a flower show was exactly £4.;
the expenses amounted to 8s, so that there re-
m lined a profit of ^3, 12s, which sum was devoted
to alterations made in connection with their out-
buildings, so as to make them convenient for tea
meetings. They had found great benefit from
these alterations. The present show originated
with a gentleman in Ryde, who offered to put
down ^5 toward the debt on the Congregational
village stations, if they would raise a similar
amount, and with the kind assistance of their
friends they hoped to be able to do so. Mr. Con-
acher said that at their last show their pastor told
them that there were too many Dutch cheese pat-
terns amongst the designs sent by the children.
They had remedied this, and had seemed to have
gone into Egypt this time, most of the designs be-
ing pyramidal. He was sure he hardly under-
stood how the children got such a collection
together, and thought it did them infinite credit.
The chairman suggested that next time the prizes
should be given to the children who made up
tasteful bouquets, and also gave the correct names
of the flowers they contained. The meeting con-
cluded with votes of thanks to the judges and the
chairman. The sale of the bouquets reahzed very
fair prices."

A Country Celery Show in England.— A
correspondent of the Garden says :

" In a Lancashire town, which shall be name-
less, I recently saw the advertisement of a Celery
show, and a unique advertisement it was. Pro-
jecting from the upper window of a public-house,
called the "Shoulder of Mutton," was a flagstaff,
upon which were hung a dozen copper kettles,
and at the extreme end a big bunch of celery.
Nothing could be more suggestive, and it com-
bined two eminent necessities in successful adver-
tising— prominence and effectiveness. I learned
that the show was to take place that evening ; it
was Saturday, and in due course I paid my two-
pence—which, by the way, was good for a pint ot
"drink" as I came out— to find the show in the
long room of the house. Here was gathered to-
gether a remarkably good collection, not only of
celery, but of potatoes and pansies, of cabbages
and .cucumbers, of fuchsias and fruit, vegetables
and flowers. But the celery was decidedly in the
ascendant. Behind the winning lots of this latter

j edible were the copper kettles, or britannia-metal
teapots, the latter given as second prizes. The
winning lot of untrimmed celery weighed 14 lbs,,
4^ ozs., and the corresponding victor in the
trimmed class 9 lbs., 8j^ ozs. These weights will
give some indication of the size, and from what I
could see of the bunches they were tender and
beautifully white. Nights and days had been
spent in their culture ; heaps of manure had been

I supplied to the ground around them, and doubt-
less during the week previous to the show, the
grower had worked by day and set up all night
watching his plants against the designs of some
unscrupulous opponent."

IHE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHANy

Volume XXIX.

OCTOBER, 1887.

Number 346.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

In our last we gave some hints in regard to the
laying out of grounds, looking to the effect plant-
ing might ultimately have on gi
ing ghmpses of different
distant views, or

scape gar-
dener in laying
out a place, to secure
this, and a qualification
rarely possessed by even some of
the best. In the hope that this talent may be
cultivated, we again give an illustration of the
same thought in a view taken on the grounds of

" Pinkstone," the seat of John T, Terry, Esq., of
Tarrytown, on the Hudson River. When we
look at this beautiful view of the river, and
bluffs beyond, we can readily imagine how much
the beauty of the grounds would
ave been marred had it
been wholly shut out
b y injudicious
planting.
And yet
one can
not go
an y -
where
wiih-
o u t
seeing
errors
m land-
scape
Ian ting,
quite as egre-
lous as this
would be. It is, of
louite, scarcely credible
that any one would deliberately
plant out a bold scene like this ; but there are
innumerable features quite as handsome, where
the error is continually made.

290

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[October,

Rear Lawn, Pinkstone :
Residence of John T. Terry, Tarrytown, N. Y.

In another view of these pretty
grounds may be seen a group of
Norway Spruce, which gives the oppor-
tunity to note how beautifully this tree is
adapted to massing in landscape garden-
ing. Some of the best effects are to be ob-
tained by grouping ; yet this also seems unknown to
many who have otherwise good taste in arrange-
ment. We have in mind a very beautiful place of
sjnany acres in extent, where every tree out of the
thousands planted stands by itself. On an emi-
nence they look like a scattered flock of dark sheep.
There is on that place a good deal of belting ar-
ranged. When the trees grow up, there will be
•woods and open spaces for the sheets of grass.
The distinction between the woods and the grass
•will be very well outlined ; but the effect would
have been beautifully increased if there had been
some groups of trees on the open, grassy places —
groups such as this one of Norway Spruces indi-
cates. These groups of Norway Spruce harmonize
.particularly with architectural features. In the
view on front page the tops of these Spruces are seen
forming a background to the house in the picture,
and add considerably to the beauty of the house.

tising ; every day one thousand
choice rose buds are distributed

i on the numerous trains passing throu^
their faim. No cards or circulars are given
with them ; this beautiful way of adver- .
tising is expensive, but is greatly appre-
ciated, and has created much favorable comment.
In Los Angeles, Cal., there is a climbing rose
bush 60 feet high and 30 feet broad. Who has a
larger? The bush occupies a large tree.

In Los Angeles county Delphinium cardinale,
reaches perfection, it is the most brilliant of our
wild flowers, and attains a height of 6 feet, is
usually found in clusters of from three plants to

'\ an acre in extent.

I While in Ventura last week, I had the pleasure
of seeing the new Giant Perfection stocks, grown
by Mrs. Theodosia Shepherd. They are un-
doubtedly the finest ever produced in this country
or Europe. Mrs. Shepherd has a most interesting
collection of plants.

California enjoys a complication of climates
and conditions, and it is the writer's belief that
there is scarcely a seed or plant known, that can-
not, with ordinary care, be made to grow in
some part of the State.

COMMUNICATIONS.

GARDEN NOTES FROM CALIFORNIA.
BY EMORY E, SMITH.

The Southern California Floral and Perfume
Company has inaugurated a novel way of adver-

HYACINTHS.
BY MR. POLMAN MOOY.

r.
The Honorary Secretary of the Horticultural
Club has invited me to say a few words upon

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

291

bulbs and bulb-growing in Holland, and feeling
anxious to oblige the members I will endeavor to
meet your wishes, but the subject has been treated
upon so much before that I must request your kind
indulgence.

Bulbs or flower roots have for over 250 years
been grown and cultivated in the vicinity of
Haarlem, and their cultivation has gradually in-
creased in importance until it has reached its
present position. Among the admirers and lovers
of plants and flowers, bulbous plants have always
found many ardent protectors. No doubt the
great and constant advance which civilization has
made in nearly all quarters of the world has
greatly aided to extend the cultivation of flower
roots and increase the demand, even in countries
where, fifty years ago, there was not a single bulb,
and where hyacinths and tulips were nearly un-
known.

An advantage which bulbs have over plants in
general is, that they have nearly all a yearly per-
iod of rest, when they can, without much fear of
injury, be packed and exported to the most distant
places. An advantage worth mentioning is that
after they have done blooming and have grown
to their full maturity they require only to be
placed in a dry locality, and for a consider-
able time require no labor or attention. A
Sj-, further important advantage of such

bulbs as hyacinths, tulips, etc., is that
by artificial treatment they can
be brought to grow and flower
several months earlier than
they would do when
kept out of doors and

left to their natural development, which for winter-
blooming makes them unequalled by any other
family among living plants.

I must mention first of all the much-beloved
Hyacinth, as being not only one of the most es-
teemed among bulbs, but also one of the most
beautiful, although at the same time the most
difficult in cultivation and the most expensive to
bring to perfection. The name of this genus
originated with the writers of antiquity. Hya-
cinthus, a beautiful boy, was the son of a Spartan
king and the favorite of Apollo. Zephyrus, be-
ing envious of the attachment of Apollo and Hya-
cinthus, so turned the direction of a quoit which
Apollo had pitched while at play that it struck the
head of Hyacinflius and slew him. The fable
concludes by making Apollo transform the body
of his favorite into a flower that bears his name.

The Hyacinth is a native of the Levant, and was
first introduced into England in the year 1596;
but it was known to Dioscorides, who wrote about
the time of Vespasian. Gerard, in his Herbal
pubhshed at the close of the sixteenth century,
enumerates four varieties — the single and double
blue, the purple and the violet. In that valuable
book on gardening, " Paradisus in Sole
Paradisus Terrestris," published by John
Parkinson in 1629, eight different varie-
ties are mentioned and described.
He tells us, " Some are pure white,
another is nearly white with
a bluish shade, especially at
the brims and bottoms of the
flowers. Others, agr in,
are of a very faint

Distant view from Pinkstone.

292

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

blush ; some are of a deep purple near violet, others
of a purple tending to redness, and some of a paler
purple. Some, again, are of a fair blue, others
more watchet, and some of a very pale blue. After
the flowers are past the stem bears a round black i
seed, great and shining, from which, after sowing i
and protecting, the new varieties can be obtained." j
During the 250 years that have passed since the ,
above was published, there has been a steady im- j
provement in the size, form and color of the j
flowers of this plant.

From the eight varieties of 1629 more than
4000 varieties have been produced, of which, how-
ever, the greatest number have become extinct or
out of cultivation. Many have been thrown out
to make room for the latest improved sorts, of
which about 200 only are at present subject to
extensive commerce. .

The Hyacinth is a general favorite in the most ,
extensive application of the word, and the varieties
in colors of different shades from the purest white \
to the deepest shades of scarlet, purple, black, j
yellow, and violet, are fully equal to that of any 1
other florists' flower. The Hyacinths are usually !
grown for forcing into flower in the dull cheerless
months of winter and early spring, when their
delicately colored flowers and rich fragrance lend
a charm not otherwise to be obtained. They are
equally desirable for planting in beds or in the
garden border.

When looking over the cultivation of Hyacinths
in Holland, which I have studied practically all
my Ufe, I must say that very great changes have
taken place during that period in the taste and
opinions of what a good Hyacinth should be ; and,
as a matter of course, this change has consider-
ably influenced the varieties which have been
propagated and grown. About sixty to seventy
years ago there was a taste in general for the
double flowering varieties, and more particularly
for the flowers with dark or other colored bold
eyes or centres, and I remember the time that a
few beds sold by public auction realized very high
prices indeed, while the varieties thus sold are not
to be found now. These double varieties were
mostly very small bulb-producers, which fact con-
tributed very much to their being neglected and
to their loss of favor in public estimation ; while
the considerable increase of trade and, (in conse-
quence of this) also increased competition among
nursery and seedsmen abroad, stimulated by the
feeling of revival in all branches of trade at the
fall of Napoleon, brought on a gradual alteration
in the Hyacinth fancy, as every tradesman — ex-

cited by the competition of his neighbors — was
looking out for the largest sized bulbs among
Hyacinths, basing their trade recommendation
upon the general but erroneous belief of the
general public that naturally the largest bulbs
must also produce the largest flower spikes.

The small bulb-producing varieties, however
beautiful they might be, could not at that time find
buyers, and growers were then compelled to meet
the alteration in public taste as quickly as possi-
ble, and as this alteration in taste came rather
suddenly and much quicker than the slow growth
and propagation of the desired sorts could meet,
prices at that time rose wonderfully high.

In this run after large bulbs among Hyacinths
many sorts with very inferior flowers were brought
out in quantity but although these large bulbs
did increase the general trade, and so far gratified
the tradesmen abroad by a greater sale and more
profit, still they did not satisfy the amateurs, and
better large flowers were looked after. After
large-sized bulbs with large spike of flowers be-
came the demand, the single-flowering varieties
have been found more capable of giving satisfac-
tion than doubles, and when we compare the large
spikes of the present day with the sorts we had
sixty years ago, we can only be well satisfied at
the great progress we have been able to make.
Although the double-blooming varieties are at
present so much neglected, mostly because of
their small-sized bulbs, there are some few double
sorts which have pretty well maintained their posi-
tion in public estimation, but their number is
small compared with the large number of single
ones in cultivation, and their very great beauty
shall certainly keep them very long to remain the
great favorites with lovers of very fine large flower
spikes.

Among the esteemed double sorts I may mention
Lord Wellington and Grootvorst, rose ; Prince of
Waterloo, La Tour d' Auvergne, and Florence
Nightingale, white ; Louis Philippe and Garrick,
dark blue ; Blocksberg and Rembrandt, light blue.
Of the double yellow flowers Goethe is about the
best, but most in this color are rather of small
spike. Of dark red among the double flowers
there are only very few varieties, of which Louis
Napoleon and Waterloo are about the best, but
the latter sort is not so full as might be wished.

Among the single varieties we at present possess
the greatest variety of colors, and among them we
can show superb large and handsome flowers,
such as are Garabaldi, PeUissier, Scarlet Light,
brilliant scarlet ; Fiancee Royale, Gertrude, Koh-

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

293

i-noor, Prima Donna, Von Schiller, red ; Carlyle,
Charles Dickens, Dr. Livingstone, Gigantea, Ma-
cauley, rose ; La Grandesse, Alba Superbissima,
Crown Princess, Madame Vander Hoop, pure
white ; Grandeur a Merveille, Baroness Van Tuyll,
Mammoth, Seraphine, blush white ; General
Havelock, Baron Von Humboldt, Masterpiece,
Mimosa, William I., black blue ; Baron Van
Tuyll, Charles Dickens, King of the Blues, Bleu
Mourant, dark blue ; Blondin, Czar Peter, Grand
Maitre, Leonidas, Grand Lilas, Lord Raglan, light
blue; L'Honneur d'Overveen, Sir Henry Have-
lock, Charles Dickens, Haydn, violet ; Ida, King
of the Yellows, La Citroniure, Obelisk, Anna Car-
olina, pure yellow ; Beauty of Waltham, Clio,
Lamplighter, Lord Palmerston, Argus, flowers
with striking eyes or centres.

MILK IN MAPLE LEAVES.
BY J. W. L.

A contributor in the last number referred to the
milky juice present in the leaves of the Norway
maple. He will find the lacteal fluid present, and
more copiously, in the Colchicum maple. As to
this species, much admired by the writer, it may
be added in passing, that the terminal young
leaves which are of a red color, give to the
tree when seen in the slanting sunlight, much
the appearance of being covered with scarlet
bloom. There is also, about the lower branches,
an engaging dip and upward toss, as though they
had had a mind to grow earthwards, but, on
second thought had turned with a graceful curve
toward the sky. The tree deserves to be more
extensively grown than it now is.

[We endorse all that our correspondent says of
the Red Golchican maple. It is, correctly, Acer
laetum, a native of Japan, though introduced
about a half century ago, as Acer Colchicum
rubrum.

If we mistake not, the red of the young leaves
is confined to vigorous shoots, or shoots of the
second growth of the season. So that, to get the
full beauty of the tree it should be set in good
ground, where second growths will be abundant.
—Ed. G. M.J

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Bronson Park, Kalamazoo, Michigan. —
This city has been wise in selecting for one of the
special features of a public park one of the mon-
uments of the past in an Indian mound. One by

one these will disappear all over the land, except
where some wise foresight, as here, has preserved
them. All these historic works grow in value
day by day, and those communities that take
pains to preserve them are laying up future at-
tractions that will add to their local renown.

The city is wiser than most of her sisters east
and west in having a park at all, and still wiser in
not being satisfied with this one, for she is plan-
ning to have a whole system, with the plots laid
out, which one by one will be taken in as wanted.

The Drop Worm, or Basket Worm. — This
pest, which makes for itself a nest out of the
leaves of th«tree it feeds on, and has these nests
j hanging on the branches like brown curl-papers
over a lady's head, is so easily kept down by hand-
picking before they get large enough to be very
destructive, that there is not the shghtest excuse
for havmg valuable evergreens destroyed by them
in our public squares and city parks, as we may
so often see them.

When trees die from this cause city gardeners,
or superintendents of public squares, should be
promptly dismissed.

The Norway Spruce. — The Rural New
Yorker has a number of correspondents discuss-
ing whether it is worth while to plant the Norway
Spruce as an ornamental tree. In this part of the
world, the vicinity of Philadelphia, it usually re-
tains great beauty till about twenty or twenty-five
years old. As soon as it commences to bear
cones freely it often loses a portion of its beauty.
But then the whole of the United States is much
larger than the vicinity of Philadelphia, and there
must be many places where the tree does not do
so well.

1 Very few coniferous trees retain their early
beauty after getting of full seed-bearing age.
When it gets into a soil that suits it, and a situa-
tion it loves, the Norway Spruce will retain its
pristine beauty longer than most coniferous trees.
We often see poor and miserable specimens in
comparatively young trees— so we do with all co-
nifers.

Combining the Red with the Sugar Maple.
— Mr. Levi W. Russell tells the members of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society that the red
maple, also known as the swamp, and improperly as
the white, maple is too little esteemed for orna-
ment and shade. Alternating with rock maples,
they form together a far more attractive row for
the roadside than either alone. This arrange-
ment breaks up the monotony and stifTness of a

294

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

row of one kind only, and gives, especially in Oc-
tober, that mingling of gorgeous colors, of mellow
tints and shades, so characteristic of the autumn
foliage of these trees. A fine grouping of these
two species is sometimes seen in nature, where a
few tall rock maples form the center of a group,
while the red maples, lower in stature, are clus- 1
tered around. This tree is richly worth growing
near our houses for the brilUant scarlet blossoms
which precede the dainty leaves that in crimson
tints soon follow. Though occupying many tracts
of low and swampy ground, almost to the exclu-
sion of other trees, it thrives well on high lands if
started from the seed on similar ground. But an
almost certain failure will be the result of setting
in dry ground a maple or any other tree taken
from a swamp.

The Privet.— It is often a question what to
plant under trees or in other places where the
ground is so dry that few things will grow. The
different kinds of privet will stand almost any
hard treatment of this kind.

Tamarisk for the Seashore. — For gardens
in the vicinity of salt spray, the varieties of the
Tamarisk are invaluable. A Tamarisk hedge in
such situations is unique. The plant seems to en-
joy salt spray.

Banana Fruiting in the Open Air.— Dr. W.
N. DeVille, a druggist of Jefferson City, Mo., has
a plant of the banana, Musa paradisica, which is
bearing fruit. The bananas generally thrive
pretty well in the summer climate of most parts of
the United States, and they deserve more attention
for out door decoration than they receive.

Water Lilies. — The efforts of Mr. Sturtevant
to make water plants popular show some good
effect in the aquarium at Fairmount Park, where
a number of species have been blooming beauti-
fully the past summer, to the pleasure of thou-
sands who have admired the "red, white and
blue " in the flowers of the several species. They
were mostly species of Nymphaea, the Nelumbium
making good corner pieces for the square basin,
by their taller growth.

Crotons as Bedding Plants.— Among the
novel features worthy of note in Fairmount Park
are two beds of crotons and a bed of the bronzy
acalypha. The crotons make a remarkably fine
effect, as the warm orange-brown tints in so many
varied shades are particularly pleasing.

The bed of acalyphas is pronounced by good
judges as unique in beauty. This may have been

aided by the bordering plants. The acalypha
formed the main part of the mass, and then
came a border of the purple eranthemum, which
we have never seen used for this purpose before.
The leaves are double the size of the purple
irisene, so commonly used, and of the richest
purple imaginable. Then followed a border of
yellow coleus, finishing by one of alternanthera.
Few combinations certainly could be more effec-

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Prunus Pissardi. — It appears that this has
rosy flowers as well as rosy leaves, which will
give it an additional interest. It is a pity it was
given a Latin name as if it were a distinct species,,
as it is only a purple leaved variety of the Myro-
balan plum, of which the well known Mirser or
Cherry is also a variety. The blood leaved cherry
plum would have been a much better name, and
the plants would sell better, as no one knows that
Prunus Pissardi is any thing more than " some
kind of a plum." It was found by Mr. Pissard,
gardener to the Shah of Persia. His name in
Latin has been well advertised, but it does not
help advertise the plant.

Parsons' Weeping Hemlock..— The Hemlock
Spruce has naturally a weeping character — that is
to say, its branches droop by reason of the weight
of foliage. In the variety noted above, the main
branches turn over and droop as in the regular
j weeping tree. The original tree on the grounds of
\ Mr. S. B. Parsons is represented by those who
! have recently seen it as a lovely object. It is now
! eleven feet high and has a spread of branches
thirteen feet in diameter ; a pretty illustration ap-
! pears in the Horticultural Art Journal.

New Roses in England. — A correspondent of
the Gardeners' Chronicle says :

"Comparisons are out of place, but there are
few orchids that would be chosen before a well
grown forced rose bush in the spring months.
The English-raised tea roses now compete suc-
cessfully with the best of Continental varieties.
Mr. Bennett, of Shepperton, has sent out, and has
yet in his possession, many of superior merit.
Cleopatra, exhibited at South Kensington and at
Richmond quite recently, is of the President type,
but the flowers stand erect, and the deep, shell-like
petals of a rosy salmon color, and of great sub-
stance, surpass that good old variety. Princess
Beatrice is quite distinct in character, but has
proved to be quite as valuable as a summer rose
as it had previously shown its merits for early
spring forcing. The stems of many of the
flowers of tea roses are not strong enough to hold

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

29 S

the flowers erect ; Princess Beatrice has not this
fault, but has as stout flower-stems as some of the
hybrid perpetuals ; the flowers are also full, and
of the color of Madame Falcot. This fine vari-
ety received a first class certificate in March last
at the Crystal Palace, and another first class at
Richmond on June 29. As the rose shows are
just commencing, it would be premature to com-
ment on the new continental varieties until they
are over, and information has been obtained from
growers in distant localities."

New Daffodils. — Every little turn or twist in
parts of the flower is now enough to stamp it as a
new variety, till they have become so numerous
that few can name any one now. As in the case of
verbenas, petunias and similar things, the naming
of new varieties soon gets over-done.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Spir^a venusta. — Mr. V. Burgevin writes :
" I regret your editorial comment on the Spirsea
venusta. Although the great extent of your botan-
ical knowledge is sufficiently and generally recog-
nized an error is not impossible to you, which may
create doubtful opinions of the true nature of
plants and a thought that I might be misled by
enthusiastic love of horticulture, may find room
in the mind of the pubhc. The S. venusta made
its first appearance in the catalogue of the most
extensive nurseries of James Booth in Hamburg,
(Germany,) in the third decade of this century
and is described particularly as Spiraea venusta,
altogether different from Spiraea lobata, by Dr. F.
N. Bosse, ' Vollstaendiger Handbuch der Blum-
engaertnerei,' Hanover, 1842. This book com
prises three volumes, and has been beyond doubt,
one of the best books on horticulture in Germany;
and it is, as any other proof you may desire, at
your service. I am well acquainted with the S.
lobata and have grown it ever since I can recol-
lect, in my garden. Its roots sucker and it is
easily cultivated ; one root planted in rich soil will
soon spread over 2 to 3 feet space and is beautiful
when it blooms. The root of S. venusta is a
solid one similar to the Erythrina. I can not
account for its scarcity except from the lack of the
art of propagation in former years ; for this reason
it may never have found the way to this or any
country. Catalogues have but a small circulation,
and therefore this as well as possibly other plants,
remained strangers to many intelligent florists.
Their foliage as you will perceive by the samples
sent are quite different. The S. venustk I have
and is now growing strong and healthy and

answers all the characters of the genuine article^
The form of the flower of the S. venusta is like
the S. Lindleyana and is a deeper pink than the S.
lobata. Next year when it is in bloom, if you and I
are spared, I intend to satisfy you even if I have to
bring a flower of it all the way to Germantown.

[We are very much obliged to Mr. Burgevin for
this account. We never knew before where the
name of Spirasa venusta originated, nor do we
now know where is its native country. The class
to which it is related should be American or
Japan ; but it is not referred to in Franchet and
Savatier's recent list of the flora of the latter
country, nor in Mr. Watson's Index of North
American plants 6ven as a synonym.

Mr. Charles Downing sent the Editor many-
years ago Spireea venusta, insisting also that it
was distinct from S. lobata, but when it flowered
no botanical distinction could be discovered. The
exact differences are now forgotten but the recol-
lection seems to be that the petals and stamens
were larger and brighter, rendering the venus.ta
more showy for cultivation. — Ed. G. M.]

Hardiness of the Calla Lily. — "Mervine:"
This will endure the winter any where in a pond
of water, provided the water does not freeze deep
enough for the frost to reach the roots.

Cornelian Cherry. — A correspondent sug-
gests that this pretty shrub deserves more atten-
tion. Certainly it does. The greenish yellow
flowers though small, are attractive, and are
among the earliest harbingers of spring ; and the
rich cornelian color of its cherry-like fruit in
August, cannot be excelled in attractiveness by
any berry-bearing shrub.

Keeping Bulbs over Winter. — "Mrs.
L. J. C," Parnassus, Pa., writes: "As you so
kindly answered my previous questions, I now
make another request. Will you please, as soon
as you conveniently can, give some instructions as
to the best way of preserving, during the winter,
the bulbs of Gladiolus, Bermuda Lilies, Amaryllis
(summer bloomers), Dahlias, Hyacinthus Can-
dicans, and especially Cannas, which I have
never succeeded in keeping. Give directions as
to material in which to keep them, temperature,
moisture, etc., and by so doing you will probably
oblige others beside your constant reader."

[Gladiolas are easily preserved, by drying, and
keeping any where in bags, secure from frost.
The whole class of Liliumlongiflorumandeximium,
to which the variety known as the Harris or Ber-
muda lily belongs, ought to be ported in the fall.

296

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

and kept in a cool place as we would a hyacinth.
We believe it is or should be hardy, and can be
planted as other lilies are, in the open ground be-
fore frost comes. Summer flowering AmaryUis
are easily kept over winter as dry bulbs, but it is
best that they be not kept in a very warm place
or they shrivel too much. Pot in Feb. or March.

Dahlias are cut back to the ground as soon as
a white frost blackens the leaves, and are kept any
where just as one would keep potatoes. Cannas
can be kept dry, but rot if in too cool a place. It
is best to have them in boxes of dry sand, stored
away where the temperature does not fall below
45O or 50°,

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS,

Improved Flowerpots.— Mr. Geo. A. Bur-
roughs, of Providence, R. I., brings to our atten-
tion a newly invented flower-pot that has some
excellent points.

Every reader of the Gardeners' Monthly
knows by this time that it is just as essential that
the roots of plants should have air as well as wa-
ter; but, as flower-pots are generally made, the
roots get water, but seldom get air. In fact, the
plants so easily get water logged that air is out of
the question, and the plants actually smother, or
we may more properly say drown, for want of
proper drainage. The florist gets along fairly
well. He sells his plants before they get large,
and the over supply of water manages to get
through the sides of the porous pots, if it cannot
through the stuffed- up hole at the bottom. When
the first-class plant grower wants to be sure of
growing a good specimen, he has to take a small
pot and invert it inside the larger one so as to
provide for the proper aeration of the soil.

Mr, Burroughs provides a movable bottom,
which is sufficiently above the bottom to always
insure an air space. For house culture, where we
do not want to have water slopping about, we
must have saucers. He has so ingeniously con-
trived a saucer that the
water will get into it and
still permit a hole in the
centre.

Fig. I illustrates this— a

section of pot ; D, movable

bottom ; G, saucer. It will

FIG. I. be seen that there is no hole

in the middle of the pot, as usual. The water

finds its way down the sides of the pot, around

the rough edges of the movable bottom. The

absence of the hole in the
middle affords the oppor-
tunity for introducing a use-
ful idea to successful prac-
tice. There may be a worm
in the pot, ants, fungus on
the roots, decay of some
kind, or we may simply
want to know if the plant
would be better re-potted.
For this he invents a stand-
rd which can be thrust into
the bottom, lifting the earth

up, and allowing the
pot to remain at the
bottom, so that we
can use both hands in
the examination. In
the usual way the flor
ist inverts the plant,
knocks the pot up, and
can use neither hand
till he gets rid of the
pot, and then only one.

Fig. 2 shows the
standard, and Fig. 3
the standard in use,
with a pot of Gloxin-
ias as an illustration.

Mr. Burroughs has
not rested with invent-
ing these useful appli
ances, but he remem-
bers that pot plants
are often used for dec-
orating dinner tables,
and for room orna-
mentation, when it is
desirable that there

1^87.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

297

shall be dirt around, so he invents a porous plate
(Fig. 4) to place on the top of the pots. This
also serves another good practical end. In warm
rooms, where gay parties meet, _ n^
the evaporation is so very great \" . jjI'j^
that often the earth in the pots ^^
dries out before the plant can fig- 4.

get back to the greenhouse. The plate, therefore,
acts as a mulch, preventing the warm air from
reaching the earth easily, and of course checking
evaporation.

The inventor claims that these combinations of
inventions afford no less than thirty-five advan-
tages over the ordinary pots, and that he has so
annihilated the many of the difficulties of window
plant culture especially, that there is really little
left but pleasure in growing house plants. Cer-
tainly it has great merit, and as the getting plants
ready for such culture is particularly seasonable
just now, we think we are doing our readers a ser-
vice by giving some account of this invention a
prominent place.

The inventor calls his pots the Paragon.

Since the above was written we note Jhe sub-
stance has been also given to the American Gar-
den, and we make the explanation lest our es-
teemed contemporary should suspect us of copy-
ing without credit, a vice we endeavor always to
avoid being guilty of.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PASSIFLORA KERMESINA.
BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The crimson passion flower, Passiflora kerme-
sina, is a beautiful slender growing stove or warm
greenhouse climbing vine belonging to the Natu-
ral Order Passifloraccce.

With the exception of P. racemosa princeps this
is one ol the most beautiful and free-flowering
species, and one cannot but regret that nothing of
its earlier history is with certainty known. All
that we know is that it was introduced from Ber-
lin into the gardens of the Royal Horticultural So-
ciety in 1831.

Although the plant is of slender growth, yet it
is by no means a slow or delicate growing plant,
for if properly cared for it will attain a height of
some 20 feet, and flower in the greatest profusion
during the spring and summer months. The
flowers are produced from the axils of the leaves

on long, slender flower stalks — the corolla and
calyx being of a rich carmine color, while the

i corona or crown is of a purple hue. The leaves
are cordate, cut into three lobes, and of a bright
green color.

As a climber for the decoration of the green-
house during the summer season this Passiflora is
without an equal, for it can be trained up the raft-
ers so as to occupy but little space, and in the
winter, when all the sunlight possible is required,
the branches of the plant can be trimmed back to
within an eye or two of the main shoots, and in
this way no shade is made, as so many object to
growing climbers in the greenhouse on account of
their shading the'plants underneath during the
winter months to their manifest injury.

This Passiflora is occasionally grown in the

' open air as a summer climber with very satisfac-
tory results if given a deep, well enriched soil,
and a liberal supply of water during hot, dry wea-
ther. Care should also be taken as to training
the shoots so as to occupy the desired space while
they are yet young ; and as the plants are rather
tender, they should not be planted out until
about the middle of May. When grown inside
this Passiflora does best when given a compost
of two-thirds turfy loam, and one-third well de-
cayed manure, with" a fair sprinkling of sharp
sand, and good drainage is also essential in the
cultivation of this plant. It also requires quite a
high temperature to do well—in summer not less
than 65° and in winter 55°. Water should be
freely given during its season of growth, and very
little when the plant is in a dormant state.

Propagation is effected by cuttings of the half-
ripened wood placed in sand and given gentle
bottom heat, and if the young plants are liberally
cared for nice specimens will soon be obtained ;
but be very careful not to overpot the plants
while they are yet small.

The late Professor Lindley, in describing this

: plant, remarks that its flowers have a range of
color which art cannot imitate. They are pro-
duced in great abundance, and at almost all sea-
sons of the year, and in consequence of the length
of the slender stalks from which they singly hang,
the whole plant has a graceful appearance, which

I is unrivalled among Passifloras.

i The generic name is derived from "passio,"

I suftering, and "flos," a flower, referring to the fil-
ament or rays ; and other parts of the flower being
likened to the circumstances of Christ's crucifix-

\ ion ; and the specific alludes to the rich carmine or

i crimson color of the flower. Queens, N. V.

298

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Hot Water for Killing Insects. — We be-
lieve the Gardeners' Monthly was the first to
show that one of the cheapest and best modes of
destroying insects on pot plants was to invert the
pot and dip the plant for a few seconds in water
warmed to 130°.

It is, after all these many years, the best plan
for destroying insects, unless we have to deal with
plants on a very large scale. We notice that the
Garten Zeitung in referring to the plan, says that
the azalea will stand 133^ without injury. We
usually heat the water pretty well and pour in cold
till 130° is reached.

Oil and Mildew. — Those who are likely to be
troubled with mildew would do well to remember
Mr. Veitch's remedy of oil on hot water pipes is
good against its development. Since Mr. Veitch
gave that remedy to the public we find by re-
search in chemical botany that oily vapor has
long been known as inimical to the growth of the
lower forms of fungi, and that Mr. Veitch's suc-
cessful practice is in full accord with the teach-
ings of this branch of science.

Glazing Without Putty.— No one uses putty
over glass in glazing in America any more, but it
is still used for bedding in the glass, but even this
is unsatisfactory. It will often loosen and come out.
Mr. Henderson recommends that thick white lead
and oil be run along, and on this sprinkle dry light
sand before laying on the glass. It is a much
better plan than the old putty bedding.

Horse-Tails for the Florists.— Green ferny
foliage that will not rapidly wilt as fern fronds
will has caused a number of plants of the aspar-
agus family to become almost indispensable to the
florist. An addition to this class of popular florists'
stuff has been found in Europe in the different
species of Equisetum or Horse-tails. These have
firm fronds that do not wilt easily.

Bricks of Cork.— The waste cuttings of cork
are now being employed in England for making
bricks, which can be used for walls, impervious
alike to heat or damp. The cork cuttings are re-
duced to powder in a mortar, and mixed with lime
or clay ; and from this composition the bricks are
made in the usual way.

Roses for Winter Cut Flowers.— English
rose-growers look on aghast at the growing Amer-
ican practice of taking but a single crop from rose
plants in forcing houses, and then throwing away

the plants for new ones. They still cling to the
cut-back system with old plants.

An Early-flowering Winter Carnation. —
It is said that a kind known among florists as the
Philadelphia dwarf, a red variety, will be in full
bloom before many other kinds have well devel-
oped buds.

Flowers for Parisian Bouquets. — In Paris
the stock flowers for bouquets are Lily of the Val-
lies, White Lilac, Pinks, Violets, Paeonies, Daffo-
dils, Narcissus, Forget-me-not, Honeysuckles,
Pansies, Pyrethrum, Horsechestnut, Roses, Tulips,
Poppies, Corn-flower, Asters, Grasses, Daisies and
the Hawthorn.

NiPHETOS Rose. — The Journal des Roses says
that the German name, Niphetos — snow— express-
ively indicates the soft, tender white of this rose.
Wherever white roses are desired, it says, this
variety always has the preference. It was first
sent extensively into the trade in 1843 by Granger
of Suisnes, who at that time recognized its great
merits. Standish, of Bagshot, was the first Eng-
lish ^florist to give it a push in that country. As
in the case of other roses, there have been times
when it has been insisted on that it "is only some
other well known kind."

At one time there was great argument that it
was identical with Duchess Matilda. One of its
great merits is that it suffers less from over moist-
ure and cold than some others.

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

New Roses. — The Journal des Roses notes
that of the many hundreds of roses proclaimed
each year as new and magnificent, all but one or
two soon enter into rest and are gathered into the
tombs of their forefathers.

It thinks that an insurance company that will
guarantee the novelty and superiority of new
roses might do as much business as an insurance
company against hail.

Greenhouse Rhododendrons. — All who know
the hardy Rhododendrons admire ; but, beautiful
as these are, they do not begin to compare in
gorgeous splendor with the more tender Asiatic
species, of which the comparatively well known
Rhododendron arboreum will evidence. They
make magnificent tub plants, and they are so
easily grown that they deserve to be as common
as oranges or oleanders.

We give with this an illustration of one of

t887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

299

this excellent class— a hybrid raised by those en-
ergetic florists, Messrs. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea,

" This beautiful hybrid is one of the finest of
the results obtained by crossing Rhododendron

near London, to whom lovers of flowers are
indebted for so many good things. They furnish
us with the following account of it :

javanicum with the progeny formerly derived from
that and allied species, and known as the javanico-
jasminiflorum group.

300

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

I October,

" Rhododendron President is a plant of robust
growth, and, at the same time, of compact habit ;
it is furnished with an ample foliage, and its
trusses of showy flowers are among the best in
the group. The flowers are large and of perfect
form, the segments of the limb regular, of a clear
deep buff-yellow tinted with rose towards the
margin ; the filaments are deep carmine red, and
being crowned with blackish crimson anthers,
they afford a striking contrast to the richly colored
corolla. First class certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society, June 24th, 1884, and a cer-
tificate of Merit from the Royal Botanic Society,
May 19th, 1886."

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Reviving Wilted Cuttings. — A lady writes :
•' Do you ever put your wilted, dried up speci-
mens into water as hot as you can bear your hand
in and leave them for twenty-four hours ? When
quite a child I accidentally revived a lot of lovely
exotics, and have since then frequently made use
of the discovery with success."

[It is common with nurserymen when a tree or
a cutting is received in a condition where the
bark is wilted, to bury it wholly in moist earth.
We did not know before that warm water is as
good.— Ed. G. M.]

Mealy Bug on Stephanotis. — Mr. Albert
Momme, gardener to R. W. Downing, Esq., of
Wallingford, Pa., writes: " I should like to ask a
question in regard to Mr. Wm. Lyne's article on

'Stephanotis floribunda. Mr. Lyne says by ex-
posing the plant to the full effects of air and sun,
the mealy bugs are kept off entirely and no mealy
bug need apply. If this is the case with Stephan-
otis should it not have the same effect on other
kinds of plants? I have some good sized plants
of Cycas, Musa, Strelitzia, Marantha, Alocasias,
Latanias and Alsophila Austr., which are used
for decorative purposes around the house, etc.,
all of which are in perfect good health and thriv-
ing condition, and all were perfectly clean when
put out last spring, but have been more or less
attacked by mealy bug during the summer, and
consequently have had to be cleaned, so that it
seems that air and sun do not affect the Walling-
ford mealy bug in the least.

"Among the above-named plants is a Cycas
revoluta, which, although not west of the Missis-
sippi, is as fine a plant as Mr. M. J. Nagel's. Dis-
tance from tub to first leaves, 7 inches ; circum-
ference of stem, 3 feet ; length of old leaves, 3
feet 5 inches. There are eighty old leaves, all of
which are of last year's growth. Length of young
leaves, 3 feet i inch, of which there are forty-four.
It pushed up and perfected two sets of leaves last
year, and the increase in round-measure since
May, 1 886, is 8 inches. By the looks of the plant
I expect that there will be a second set of leaves
pushing up during this fall."

[We understood Mr. Lyne's idea to be that the
heavy rains would wash off the insects from such
a very smooth plant as the Stephanotis, In
rougher or more woolly plants the rain would not
have so good a chance. — Ed. G. M.]

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PEACH AND PLUM HYBRIDS.
The Cortical Layer Theory " Nailed," and the fact
that Peach and Wild Goose Plums do Hybridize
Demonstrated.

BY T. V. MUNSON.

In the Gardeners' Monthly for July 1887, p.
217, under the head of "Cortical Peculiarities in
the Plum," there is evidently an intention to make
an argument on the negative side of the " Peach
and Plum Hybrid " question, based upon the one

obscure subject of the Cortical Layer. However,
there is more space in said article considering the
flower and leaf peculiarities of some specimens of
supposed peach and plum hybrids sent to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for
examination, than to the consideration of their
peculiar cortical layers, and the assertion, " It is
due to science to say these specimens did not
prove it," that is, that the peach and plum would
hybridize, seems a little prejudiced, as the sequel
will show.

From all the circumstances it is inferred that
the specimens referred to were, at least in part,

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST. .

301

originally sent by the writer to the Editor of the
Gardeners' Monthly, and noticed by him in the
Monthly for May. Hence, as " it is due to
science," to have the exact facts in this important
matter, for they involve an important subject in
scientific horticulture, it falls to me to arise and
give the facts, if I can, and let the reader say
whether the theory that peach and plum do, or do
not hybridize, is true.

So, here goes for the facts. Let me remark at
the start, that upon such facts rests the final con-
clusion, anyway, in case of all supposed hybrids,
even though produced by the most skillful hybri-
dizer, as we have seen in the case of several grapes
turned out by some of our best hybridizers. A
variety may have been produced by careful man-
ipulation, and, a hybrid supposed certainly to have
been produced between Labrusca and Vinifera,
for example ; yet when the plant develops and all
through life and in its seedhngs gives no evidence
of any blood but Labrusca, we are forced to con-
clude there must have been a failure somewhere
in the hybridizing act. I make this remark, to
answer the opposite side in its demand for me to
demonstrate by actually producing a hybrid. My
answer to that is, that there is a ground of deter-
mination still behind that, and to which itself must
yield. That is, the ground of botanical, or specific
characteristics contained within the subject itself
or in its progeny. I am glad the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, has placed the
solution of the problem upon the right basis here,
so we shall proceed. But first I must note a fal-
lacy of substitution offered the Writer in good faith
as a valid argument. Not long since I sent the
Editor of the Gardeners' Monthly, some eight-
een or twenty leaves, picked from as many differ-
ent trees, belonging to the two genera, Prunus and
Amygdalus. No less than sixteen of the leaves
were taken from the Wild Goose Plum and its
certainly known seedlings, while two were pure
peach. I simply asked the Editor to point out the
leaves of this lot which belonged to these well-
known genera, Prunus and Amygdalus. Now
note his reply. Says he, " No botanist can tell a
genus by the leaves, with any certainty. It is not
possible to tell sometimes even the orders." Then
he sent me a leaf of each from a Geranium and
an Anemone, exceedingly resembling each other.

Such an argument of substitution would cer-
tainly nonplus one not accustomed to it. Occa-
sionally in nature similarity is very striking, while
relationship and identity are wide apart. There is
a batterfly (Kallima paralekta) in Sumatra, which.

when in repose with wings closed, sitting upon the
branch of certain plants cannot be distinguished
from a leaf, only by the closest scrutiny.

To the common eye, the leaves of the Geranium
and Anemone are almost exactly alike, but to the
botanist, exceedingly different. With the leaf, the
similarity ends ; I did not send just two leaves, one
each from different genera very similar. I sent a
I number of leaves (and could have sent as many
' more) from as many different known seedlings of
the Wild Goose Plum, some of which closely
resembled the parent, some the small leaved pine
Chicasa Plum, and some so closely resembled
peach, in size, shape, petiole, glands, margin,
color, smell and taste, that he dare not attempt to
say whether they were Prunus or Amygdalus.
Not only do these leaves point in no other direc-
tion than to hybrid blood for their markings and
properties, but the entire trees from which they
came show combined peach and plum, while the
female parent is as well known, as any such fact
can be, to be the Wild Goose Plum. Below I give
a careful analysis of different species of Prunus, of
Amygdalus, and of these Wild goose Plum seed-
lings, some of which are supposed to be hybrids>
with botanical characteristics carefully noted irk
presence of each tree, generalized from a great
number of varieties. Draw your own conclusions.
Having seen thousands of Chicasa Plum seedlings
grown from seed gathered where only this species
grew near by, and all coming uniformly of the
Chicasa type ; and having seen several hundred
of these Wild Goose seedlings grown from trees
surrounded by peach and other plum trees bloom-
ing at the same time, and having for years watched
them, am forced to the only (to me) tenable con-
clusion that they are hybrids. So far all are
sterile, not because the pistils are monstrosities,
but because they are hybrids of such nature that
they cannot or do not hold, in most cases even the
buds, but cast them without any perceivable
cause, before they open, and that all would have
monstrous organs when they would bloom is mere
assumption. I still look for some of these yet ta
fruit. The Blackman has produced a few speci-
mens here, large and fine ; generally it fails.

No person can draw such correct conclusions of
the true character of these forms as he who sees
them in their entire aspect growing among plum
and peach trees of every species and numerous va-
rieties, as has been the fortunate lot of the writer.
To see them and know them is to be convinced
beyond the shadow of a doubt. We have entire-
ly too many "monstrosities" (as friend Meehan

302

THp GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

puts it) coming together here to satisfy a good
student of nature that that is the correct con-
clusion.

Botanical analysis in part of the species. — i.
Amygdalus, Persica ; and 2, Prunus Chicasa,
including Wild Goose Plum ; and 3, Seedlings of
Wild Goose Plum, supposed to be hybrids.

(1) Amygdalus, /"^rJzVr^.— The peach ; cortical
layer not deciduous. Leaves, taste and smell,
when bruised, strongly and distinctly character-
istic of Prussic Acid. Wood smooth, non-spinous>
leaves long lanceolate, petiole short, )i Xo yi
inch, thick, generally winged along the groove
bearing round or reniform glands 2 to 6 in num-
ber, when the margin of leaf is crenate, or blunt-
toothed ; but when sharp-toothed, or serrate, then
the petiole is glandless. Blade of leaf from 4;^ to
7 inches long by i to ij[^ wide, venation open as
compared with Chicasa. When young, but fully
grown, leaves, ribs, petiole and young wood
(when not exposed to sun) yellowish green in
color, never crimson or purple as in Prunus Chic-

•asa. Young wood in sunlight becomes bright
crimson, petiole margins and ribs smooth, not pu-
bescent, as in the Prunus Chicasa. Bloom buds
large, roundish, usually in pairs, with wood-bud
between, and not all surrounded by an outer ring
of scales as in Prunus ; sessile, or nearly without
peduncles, arranged along the last season's
branches, not on special fruit spurs, as mostly the
case in Prunus Chicasa. Flowers generally open
a little later than Wild Goose, but partly at same
time, of a rose or crimson color in petal (rarely
white), and sometimes nearly apetalous, similar to
Blackman plum.

The fruit may be free or cling, fuzzy, or smooth,
as in Nectarine, white or yellow flesh, with or
without red in flesh or next stone. When flesh is
yellow, leaves and young wood of a deeper tint
of yellowish green. Seed large and corrugated.
Native of Persia and adjoining parts of Asia.

(2) Prunus O/Vaja.— Cortical layer, deciduous,
almost entirely, at two years age in wood. Leaves
and bark have a slightly astringent and bitter
taste, but no noticeable flavor or taste such as
found in the peach. Color of leaf dark glossy
green; petiole and young wood in all small-leaved
Chicasa varieties, of a dark crimson ; in the large-
leaved, crimson petiole, and crimson, or reddish
brown young wood, and all are more or less fur-
nished with sharp spurs or spines, which chiefly
bear fruit buds. Petioles usually ;^ inch or more
long and slender, with very small, usually i to

3, rarely 4, glands, midrib and ribs minutely
pubescent, and more or less red, never pale or
yellowish green. Blade of leaf in small-leaved
class, from 2 to 2^, rarely 3 inches long, yi X-o )l
wide, very dense in texture, glossy, dark green,
venation very fine and close. Blade of leaf in
j Wild Goose, Indian Chief and other large-leaved
Chicasa varieties much like the small-leaved, ex-
j cept in size. Glossy, compact texture, close, fine
I venation ; from ^ to \}l inches wide by 2^ to
3^ inches long, rarely 4 inches. All Chicasa va-
I rieties are profuse and certain bloomers, and have
I peduncles from >^ to ^ inch long and slender.
Fruit red or clear yellow, smooth, with a very
; delicate bloom, always a cling, with smooth seed.
Native of Southern United States.
I (3) Supposed Hybrids of Peach and Wild Goose
\ Plum — General Remarks. — All named below
j were grown from seeds carefully saved from trees
of Wild Goose Plum, and so carefully planted and
observed that there is no question of their being
seedlings of Wild Goose.

I Blackman Plum. — Habit of growth much re-
sembling peach. Growing tips, young wood,
mid-rib and ribs of leaf of a yellowish green,
quite like peach. Venation about medium, be-
tween Wild Goose Plum and peach, easily ob-
served by holding all at once in front of a good
light, and looking through. In taste and odor
strongly like peach, so that it is an easy matter,
bhndfolded, to tell the Blackman trees in the plum
orchard, simply by taste and smell. Tree smooth
throughout, with thick, fat twigs like peach, not
slender and wiry like Chicasa plums. Bloom
! buds larger than any known Chicasa, in pairs
along branches like in peach, not generally on
j spurs as in Chicasa, sessile, or with no more pe-
' duncle than in peach. When not prematurely
cast off, as generally happens, they bloom later
than most Chicasas and about with peach. Petals
mere scales, with rosy margins (same color as in
most peach flowers, not snow-white as in all Chic-
asas). Essential organs abnormal generally.
' Sometimes produces a fine plum-like fruit. Corti-
1 cal layer only partially deciduous second year,
■ and never entirely, as in Prunus ; rather more like
I peach in this than plum.

I Petiole thickish, >^ to ^ inch long, slightly
I winged as in peach, with pubescence along wings
and ribs as in Wild Goose. Glands 3 to 6,
medium in size, globose. Blade 4 to 6 inches
long, i^ to i^ wide, not more glossy than peach,
: but of an intermediate shade of color between
j peach and Wild Goose Plum. Body and branches

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

303

more the color and appearance of peach than
Wild Goose Plum.

The tout-ensemble of the tree in orchard is de-
cidedly more peach-like than plum, so that vis-
itors generally take it for peach. Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, II, 13, 14, 15, 16, (of which a leaf of each
was sent the Editor for identification) also some
twenty others, all grown from Wild Goose seed,
are easily distinguisVied from any Chicasaw variety
by the distinct peach taste, odor, and tinge of yel-
lowish green in leaf. But they vary greatly
among themselves. Their petioles are all shorter
than in Wild Goose, (No. i, among leaves sent
Editor) but not quite so short as peach, some are
a little winged as in peach, some have reniform
glands same as in many varieties of peach, but
never seen in any Chicasa. Some have no glands
and serrate margin of leaf, same as in many
varieties of peach, but never seen in the thous-
ands of Chicasas examined. Nearly all which
have glands have them larger than in Wild Goose.
The blades of all are more lanceolate than in
W. Goose, approaching peach greatly in this re-
spect. The trees of all have none, or few spurs
or spines as found in Wild Goose, but are gen-
erally quite smooth, and young wood, more or less
yellowish green with crimson on upper side, or in
sunlight, as in peach, rarely so dark crimson-pur-
ple all round as in nearly all Chicasas.

In general aspect and habit all these trees
strongly resemble peach. In some, the cortical
layer is deciduous as in Prunus, in others partly
deciduous, in others permanent, as in peach. In
all so far, which have ever formed bloom- buds,
they have cast the buds unopened, without ap-
parent cause, just before blooming time.

The four-year-old lot have all become sickly,
and part have died, while all of the lot showing
only Prunus characteristics are vigorous, and have
fruited. In the second lot the supposed hybrids
are much more vigorous than first lot, probably
owing to having better male parents among the
peach which fertilized the Wild Goose producing
the seed. I hope to see several of this lot fruit,
as they seem so vigorous and perfect as trees.

Final conclusions. — They are not monstrosities,
but certainly hybrids, as the above analysis proves
if it proves anything, and no person of observation
and botanical knowledge will for a moment hesi-
tate from this conclusion when he sees the trees
growing among peach and plum, as I have. To
conclude otherwise, is to ignore characteristics in
botanical analysis. Friend Meehan, now come
down off the fence on this question. I once was

there, but the above, with other facts, knocked
me off.

The question of fertiUty among hybrids, is an
entirely separate one. I know many hybrid
plants' very fertile, others quite sterild. Between
peach and plum, however, the facts so far go to
show their hybrids sterile generally. Among
grapes, the hybrids seem generally the most fer-
tile. I have grown many hundreds of these.

[This paper came to hand last month after our
remarks went to press, and we wrote to the author,
that perhaps he might like to revise what he had
written after seeing what we had said in reply to
his former note. Not having any word since, we
infer no change is desired, so we insert it as re-
ceived.—Ed. G. M.1

NOTES FROM ROCHESTER.

BY T. T. SOUTHWICK.

Burning over Strawberry Beds. — I am told
that some market gardeners in this vicinity, have
been very successful, in renewing and invigor-
ating their strawberry beds, by burning them'
over. I understand that they sprinkle straw over
the bed, soon after the season's crop has been
gathered, and set fire to it. I have seen no beds
so treated, but hear that very good results follow
this rather queer treatment. It may not be a new
idea, and may not have any value. I send the
item for whatever it may be worth to the readers
of the Monthly.

Old Seeds versus New Seeds. — An item in the
September number recalls an experience I had
some years since, when a large grower of pear
seedlings. Some French pear seed being left over,
they were packed in water, and air tight tin cases,
with charcoal dust, and buried in a cool spot
several feet in the earth. The following spring
they were properly treated, and planted. The
germination was nearly as good as fresh seed, but
slower.

Planted side by side with new seed, the differ-
ence could be easily told, as far as they could be
seen. The foliage on plants from the old seed
was yellowish green white ; the foliage on the
plants from the new seed was dark green, and the
plants averaged one-fourth larger when dug.

How to Keep Seeds. — I hardly suppose any
reader of the Monthly is not aware that in seeds
containing oil— and all fruit and nut tree seeds are
rich in oil— the principal reason of failure to ger-
minate, is due to the oil becoming rancid. Seeds
kept from air and moisture, and cool, willgermin-

304

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

ate nearly as well the second year as the first.
The plan I refer to above I found a very good
one.

Fruit Crop in Western New York.—\ have
recently been* through the apple counties, and" the
crop seems good in quality, and quantity. All
crops are fully half a month ahead of the average
season, due to hot and dry weather.

Rochester, N. V.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Clean Culture for Fruit Trees. — They are
having the same discussion over clean culture or
grass culture for orange trees that we in the North
once had over our orchards. They will see, as
we have had to learn, that it is a broad question,
and that when we get to the extremes both or
either may be right.

In grass culture we encourage the feeding roots
near the surface, which is a great gain ; we keep
the hot sun from raising the temperature of the
earth above 8oO, which is also a great gain ; and
another great gain is that we keep the frost from
penetrating deeply in winter time. Continual
hoeing or plowing destroys innumerable surface
roots and costs for extra labor, which even a
"hoed crop" scarcely compensates. Grass, on
the other hand, requires little care but cutting and
curing.

But the objections are that when there are two
crops on the same ground there are two sets of
growing things clamoring for food and drink. In
a very dry time an orchard in grass is much more
likely to suffer for want of moisture ; and, unless the
soil is rich, the grass, competing for food with the
tree, may induce starvation. Thus we see that the
question is wholly a general one, and has to be
governed in a great measure by the circumstances
in each case.

In orange growing countries it may be difficult
to have grass, but other vegetation may come into
the question. At any rate, the general question
of clean culture of orange trees must be governed
by the same general considerations as influence
the decisions in Northern orchards.

The Best Way to Produce Varieties. — Much
stress is laid on the practice of hybridizing or
crossing in the production of new varieties, but as
a general rule our fruit growers have had more
success from selection than from crossing. Mr.
Rogers' wonderful success in grapes, producing
the famous Rogers' Hybrids, is almost exceptional

in favor of this plan. Dr. Masters, speaking of
the improvement in potatoes, contends that all ihe
best work has been done by selection. In regard
to the mooted question of graft hybrids it is well
to note that Dr. Masters is a thorough believer in
it. He says that very many potato cultivators ab-
solutely denied the possibility of anything like
grafting, but he believed it to be a practical and
realizable idea. He had himselT obtained inter-
mediate forms by the process, and he had seen re-
markable results obtained by grafting the potato
on to the tomato and other species. In most cases
of discussion in these scientific questions the trou-
ble generally about belief is that there is a doubt
that the observer has deceived himself. In other
words the doubt is whether the observer is com-
petent to observe. No doubt can exist in the
case of this famous botanist when he says that
he himself has obtained hybrids by grafting as
stated. It settles the actual fact of the case in
its favor.

Friendly Birds.— Mr. Dudley W. Adams
wields his trenchant pen against the West Chester
ornithologists who want to save the birds that kill
chickens, because they kill mice also. He writes
to the Florida Agriculturist that on the same arg-
ument we should encourage sheep-killing dogs,
because they are decidedly useful as scavengers
in cleaning up old bones and bread.

Retail Prices of Fruits and Vegetables
THE First Week in September in Philadel-
phia.— Lima beans, shelled, 35 cts. a quart;
string beans, 15 cts. half peck; egg plants, 5 cts.
each; cabbage, 10 cts. ahead; celery, 40 cts. a
bunch; sweet potatoes, 15 cts. half peck; white
potatoes, 1 5 cts. half peck ; tomatoes, 8 cts. quarter
peck; green peas, 50 cts. half peck; squashes,
three for 5 cts. ; cucumbers, three for 5 cts. ;
pumpkins, 15 cts. each; lettuce, 10 cts. a head;
water cress, 5 cts. a bunch ; cantaloupes, 10 cts.
each ; water-melons, 30 cts. ; plums, 1 5 cts. a
quart; Concord grapes, 10 cts. a pound ; Dela-
ware grapes, 15 cts. a pound; peaches, 30 cts.
half peck ; Bartlett peaches, 20 cts. half peck.

These are the prices for first class articles — poor
material at lower figures.

Preventing Rot in Grapes — A letter in a
daily paper says:

"The experiment of bagging grapes previous to
their blooming, is being tried quite extensively
this year on C. H. Smith's vineyard at Vineland,
New Jersey, and there is every indication that the
experiment will prove a success, both as a pre-
ventive of rose bug ravages and rot. The clusters

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

305

on the Smith farm, which were bagged a week
previous to the time of blooming, are filling out
finely, and it is thought this method will be quite
generally adopted next year."

A Large Watermelon. — We do not know
the weight of the largest water melon, but one
raised in Delaware this year weighed 51 lbs.

Consumption of Cantaloupes in Philadel-
phia.— The number of melons consumed in the
City of Philadelphia during the season of 1886. is
estimated at fifteen millions, yet this is not much
spread over a city that stands on one hundred and
forty square miles.

The Northern Spy as a Stock for Apple
Grafting. — The extreme vigor of the Northern
Spy has caused it to become a favorite stock on
which to graft apple in New Zealand instead of
the indiscriminate seedling stocks as used in our
country. The plants are raised from root cuttings
just as they are raised for Paradise or Doucain
stocks. Of course such plants cannot be sold at
the low figures American growers get for apple
trees on seedlings.

The Huckleberry. — Some of the Western
nurserymen are still pushing the Dwarf Juneberry
under the name of " Huckleberry." The Dwarf
Juneberry is a very good thing to have in one's
garden, so that those who buy it for Huckleberry
will not be wholly without value received, but
they will be sadly deceived if they think they are
getting the Huckleberry, We hardly think it a
case of intentional fraud, but it seems ignorance
scarcely pardonable.

Kelsey's Japan Plum. — This plum, introduced
from Japan without any special name, has been
given the name of Kelsey, just as William's Bon
Chretien, of the Old World came to be called the
Bartlett pear in the New. The Japanese have no
native plum that is fit to eat, but they have taken
the plum of Europe and improved them in a line
quite different from that in which we have worked.
This variety is a grand affair. The fruit is about
9 inches in circumference, and delicious. It was
first noted in our magazine in 1882, and is re-
ceiving marked attention in the South. In Florida
especially it seems to be very popular.

Vineyard of Mr. Geo. B. Andrews, Fitch-
burg, Mass. — This gentleman is a very success-
ful grape grower. He has 3,800 vines, 2,500 of
which are Concord, 2,000 of which are in bearing ;
last year they bore ten and a half tons of grapes.
They are 8x6 feet, on galvanized wire trellises.
Cow manure answers best. The cost is about

$190 per acre, and the expense for repairs and
baskets and other trifles, about $50.

Fig Culture in Tubs.— The Fig will thrive
in the open air considerably north of the Potomac,
if care be taken to bend the branches and cover
with earth during the winter. But as tub plants,
kept in a barn, cellar, or very cold greenhouse,
during winter, they give a pleasurable success.

The Enormous Consumption of Straw-
berries.— The largest lot of Strawberries ever
shipped in one day this year over the Delaware
railroad, is said to have been one hundred and
ninety-five car loads. It beats the coal trains,
only it does not last long. A many little finger
gathered those berries, and they gave pleasure to
many a little mouth.

The Thurber Peach.— J. C. Wilbur, of Mil-
ford, Del., has fifteen peach trees of the variety
known as " Thurber," from which he has picked
eighty baskets of fruit this year. The trees were
set in 1880, and the eighty baskets sold at the
Milford depot for $75. This was at the rate of
$540 per acre of one crop.

Storing Oranges. — The efTorts to keep oranges
beyond their usual season, in order to avoid mar-
ket gluts, are meeting with success in Florida.
They have been kept successfully for 120 days
after gathering.

Celery in California. — Californians love to
tell Eastern folks of their grapes, and figs, and
other nice things, which set an Easterner's mouth
to watering. But Eastern folks may take comfort
in the fact that they can have luxuries they of the
West must pine after. For instance, they cannot
raise good celery, and without good celery, is life
worth living ?

Preserving Pears by Cold Storage.— Cali-
fornia fruit growers have learned how to keep
pears by cold storage without deterioration of
flavor. The Easter Beurre seems the favorite for
this treatment.

The Crandall Currant. — We have before us
cuts, history, and description of this new offering
— and, so far as these are concerned, see no differ-
ence whatever between it and the " Utah Black
Currant " introduced many years ago by a Ne-
braska nurseryman — and which, distributed by
Eastern nurserymen, is now growing as an orna-
mental bush in many gardens.

Kalamazoo Celery.— Kalamazoo, Mich., can
probably challenge the world in the production o£

3o6

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[October,

celery. In 1886 it had 1,440 acres under celery
culture, and it sold for $300,000. This is about
$200 an acre. It would be interesting to know the
value of the land per acre, and the cost of the
celery crop. Hollanders are chiefly employed in
the labor.

Globe Artichokes. — These, which are the
large heads of a plant not distantly removed from
the thistle family, are not used in the east, except
perhaps in a few gardens— but they are in general
use on the Pacific slope. The plants require a
little protection from the frosts of an Eastern
winter.

NEW AND RARE FRUITS.

American Apricot Peach.— Mere size is not
sought for in a good dessert fruit. One of the
smallest of grapes— the Delaware— is one of the
most profitable. Among pears, the small Seckel
heads the list for popularity, and the Lady Apple
brmgs better prices than any other because it is
always welcome as a dessert fruit. We have had
nothing of this class among peaches. We have
had small peaches to be sure, but they are nearly
all stone. Their sole merit has been in extra
earliness.

We have now the pleasure of introducing to
our readers a new variety, which we think will
take the same rank among peaches that the Lady
does among apples. The stone is surprisingly
small. We have seen nothing like it in all our ex-
periences with peaches. It would be a great cur-
iosity on this account even had it no other pecul-
iarity. But it so happens that it is of delicious

flavor, and it will therefore be welcome to the lover
of gastronomic pleasure as well as to the mere
hunter of curios. It is medium in size, of a gold-
en apricot color, with rich red shading on the
sunny side. The stone is free and the flesh sweet,
melting, again reminding one of an apricot. The
outline sketch is from a small specimen, the last
on the tree of the season. Its time of ripening is
with the Muscogee, Stephen's Rare Ripe, Croft's
Golden Pine Apple. The Muscogee ripening at
Charleston on the loth of August. The figure of
the stone is from one of the larger fruit that ma-
tured earlier in the season. It is a chance seed-
ling, originating on the grounds of H. P. Walker,
"The Postern," Summerville, South Carolina.

We had thought to call this peach
the Lady Peach, on account of the
small size and superior quality — so
suggestive of that famous apple — but
for the assurance of the lady who
sends it that this, the last of the
crop, was smaller than any that
have gone before. The next thought is in con-
nection with the strongly marked apricot flavor.
But we have already the " Abricotee," which,
however, English and Americans persist in call-
ing Late Admirable. But in that the apricot
flavor is scarcely perceptible to many tastes.
Downing could only say that "it is thought to
have a slight apricot flavor." As the other is a
French variety, and there is really no one with a
pronounced apricot flavor, we have decided, with
the permission of the raiser, to name it the Amer-
ican Apricot Peach.

The BiDWELL Peaches. — The several varieties
raised by Bidwell, attracting attention in Florida,
are said to be peculiar in having skins almost as
smooth as nectarines.

The Delaware Winter Apple. — Mr. D. S.
Myer, Chairman of the American Pomological
Committee for the State of Delaware, says that
there must be some mistake about the Delaware
winter apple being a new apple, as he can see in
no respects any difference between that and the
Lawver.

The Noble Strawberry. — The English clim-
ate is more favorable to large strawberries than
our dryer climate. Mr. Laxton sends us a colored
drawing of his new kind, " Noble," which are 2^
inches in diameter. It is one of those that bear
in large clusters, and there are four of the large
first fruits on the cluster, besides a large number
of smaller ones.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

307

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

"CuRCULio IN California. — A correspondent
of the Gardeners' Monthly inquires why the
curculio has not been introduced into California
as well as the colding moth, to which the Editor
answers that there is something there unfavorable
to its success, without assigning any other reason.
It strikes us that the cause of the difference is
very obvious in the habits of the two insects. The
curculio spreads slowly from orchard to orchard,
and there is but once in the year that it can be
conveyed in the fruit, and but little in that way, as
the infested and spoiled specimens are usually re-
tained at home, h is not carried in boxes, cases
and packmg. But the codling moth is taken
for months in barrels, boxes, and other packages
containing fruit, and in the straw and other mate-
rial used in conveyance ; and the insects in
cocoons mav be thus conveyed thousands of miles
without difficulty. Hence the reason that this
insert is sent into every quarter of the world."—
Country Gentleman.

[Our impression at writing was that the insect
had been detected there — but that some unex-
plained cause prevented its increase. — Ed. G. M.]

A Destructive Insect on Apple Trees. —
" G. P." Norwich, Conn., says : "I inclose a leaf

or two from a crab-apple tree ; you see the edge of
the leaf is rotted, and cemented down ; I find eggs
of some kind enclosed ; I find no worms on the
tree, but nearly all the leaves thus rolled, and
being thus covered I am at a loss how to get at
the eggs, to kill them, and fear a crop of worms
will be developed. How shall I fight this pest ?
What is it, only on this one tree ?"

[What our correspondent takes for eggs, are the
excrements of an insect that has wholly disap-
peared. It is a leaf-roller, but there are num-
bers in this class, and there is nothing to determine
which particular one has done this work. For
want of this knowledge, there is no way to help
our friend. — Ed. G. M.]

Madeleine Pear.— Rev. E. P. Powell, Clin-
ton, N.Y., writes: "I was compelled to discard
Madeleine as being incomparably the worst fire-
blight subject among my pears. Onondaga is bad
enough but I can fight it out on that line. Belle
Lucrative is also inclined that way and occasion-
ally a tree will go. Clapp's Favorite is with me
one of the subjects. Those include my unre.
liables."

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE USES OF OUR IMPORTED TIMBER.
BY W. C. BUTLER.

There is no imported wood more popular than
Mahogany, Swietenia Mahogani. Its rich rose
color, with its light and dark shades, when pol-
ished, produces a beautiful effect ; and its even
grain makes it easy to work. It is a native of the
mountainous parts of Cuba, and is extensively
imported into Europe and this country, for the
manufacture of furniture and interior finishing.
Mahogany and other rare valuable woods in
large quantities have been dug up from muck
beds at Pensacola, Florida, and authorities say
that these woods are fully 5.000 years old, and are
still in such good condition that they can be used
in the arts.

Coccoloba, a costly wood, is a native of South
America, and is imported for the manufacture of
mathematical instruments, tool handles, furniture,
etc., of the finest quality. When pohshed it is a

very brilliant yellow, with dark brown veining.
Being poisonous, it is dangerous to work, and in
cutlery factories where it was manufactured into
handles, its use has been discontinued on this ac-
count.

Ebony, Diospyros, is a native of Africa ; there
are several species imported, the best of which
is D. ebenus, it is very expensive, but is reported
by travelers as growing in such abundance in
some parts of Africa that the natives use it for fire
wood. We cannot but wish that Stanley could
induce Tippoo Tib to give up his inhuman slave
trade, and devote himself to exporting the valu-
able products of his country. The whole genus
to which Ebony belongs is remarkable for the
hardness and dark color of its wood ; it is used for
fine furniture and ornaments.

Amaranth is a costly wood, imported from
South America for furniture, mathematical instru-
ments, handles for cutlery, etc. When worked its
color is brown, resembling walnut, but when ex-
posed to the sun it turns to a rich carmine color.

Lignum vitas, Guaiacum officinale, is a native of

3o8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

San Domingo. It is so hard and heavy that it
cannot be used to any great extent for mechanical
purposes, but is used for ornaments, toys, etc.

The Teak tree, Tectonia grandis of India, the
most valuable wood grown in the East, is a tim-
ber tree of great size, the wood is very durable.
It is neither too heavy nor too hard, it does not
warp or split when exposed to dampness or heat,
and contains an essential oil which prevents its
rotting under wet conditions, and at the same
time acts as a preservative to iron and repels de-
structive insects ; it is somewhat of the nature of
Mahogany, and takes an excellent polish. In
England Teak is compressed and answers some
of the same purposes for which box-wood is now
used ; it is used in the United States for furniture.

Willow for baskets to the amount of ^500,000 is
yearly imported into this country ; the home sup-
ply is very large, but it does not cope with the de-
mand.

A wood which is used for furniture and interior
decoration is the Mahaleb Cherry, which grows in
Central Europe. It has a fine tint of color and
an agreeable perfume.

The best boxwood is found in the countries
bordering the Black Sea. Immense quantities
have annually been sent to England, and several
thousand tons of the finest quality from Southern
Russia annually pass through Constantinople for
England and America. It is used for wood-en-
gravings, tools, skate-tops, shuttle-blocks, etc.
When the skating rinks collapsed recently, 150
tons of Turkey boxwood bound for America for
skate-tops was stopped in London. This wood is
now becoming scarce.

Satinwood, Chloroxylon swietenia, is a native of
the West Indies and is imported for furniture and
interior decoration. It has a white, lively color.

Most of the French Walnut sold in our markets
really comes from the Orient. The finest quality
is sold for ^5.00 per pound. It is too expensive to
be used, only as veneer.

A complete history of Rosewood was published
in the September Gardeners' Monthly, 1886.
It is a native of Brazil and is extensively used for
fine furniture and interior finishing in the United
States. It is of an oily nature, is very hard and
and durable, has a rich brown color.

3go4 Melon Street, Philadelphia.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The English Oak. — This grows to a large size
in the British Isles. An old trunk was taken out

of the bed of the river Dee at Aberdeen in Scot-
land, recently, that was twenty-nine feet round.
The piece was thirty feet in length.

Cerasus serotina. — Few trees are better kpown
than the wild cherry. As a timber tree, it ought
to have a preeminent place, for it is of great value
in furniture, and is not far behind mahogany in
the beauty of its appearance. For fire-wood it
has few equals — and then there is that virtue so
dear to the American heart, that it grows fast. We
do not know of any serious disease that troubles
it — and of no insect that makes it a special object
of attack. The allied species, P. Virginiana, the
dwarfer choke cherry, is subject to the black
knot, but we have never known that this species
has it.

We give with this, an illustration of a weeping
variety that we think will be as popular as the

^<*i-&fe^

Cerasus serotina pendula.

Kilmarnock Weeping Willow, Though a seedling
of a native American species, it made its appear-
ance in Germany, and has been from there intro-
duced into our country. We give the illustration
in this department, as part of the history of a
very valuable timber tree, though of course the
variety will be in demand solely as an ornament
to grounds as the willow is.

I887.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

309

Natural History and Scienck

COMMUNICATIONS.

EFFECT OF SEED FROM DIFFERENT

PORTIONS OF THE PLANT.

BY JOHN LANE.

In answering the inquiry, page 279 September
number Gardeners' Monthly, My early life
was full of experimenting, improving and patent-
ing in manufacturing agricultural implements ;
and when a few years since I retired to growing
flowers, for fun, I naturally wanted to excel and
have the best.

It is often my custom to save two selections of
seed, planting of both separately. In Asters, its
most marked result, — two years ago I selected and
set apart my best Aster plants for seed and saved
the seed from six flowers only around and avoid-
ing the central flower — the next year my Asters
were better in being more uniform in size with
larger flowers — when again I set apart my best
plants and first selected seed from the six flowers as
before, and then made a second selection by gather-
ing the seed from the remainingflowersonthe plant,
and last March planted of both lots of seed and
gave lii<e treatment during the summer. August
loth my Asters were blooming nicely; August i6th,
17th and i8th, I was induced and pleased to
exhibit them at the Annual Meeting of American
Florists, as a superior flower, (see page 36, Sep-
tember number American Florist) — and see the
Aster-bed to-day September 2d. The firsts remain
uncut, a mass of flowers now the fourth week in
bloom, scarcely a flower turning old, their centers
full double as at first, uniformly very large and
beautiful; the plants also have improved in habit,
are uniform in height with increased numbers of
flowers, a very marked improvement over last
year. All these flowers are being saved for seed.
The seconds, have proved inferior in both plants
and flowers, the plants varying in height and
numbers of bloom, with all sorts ol flowers from
very poor to good, small to large. These flowers
have been cut as being unworthy for seed,

I have the Aster Comet under treatment. Such
a beautiful flower needs a better habit, of which
more anon next year.

4801 Lake Avenue, Chicago, III.

VITALITY OF SEEDS,

BY J. M.

In the August number of the Monthly, refer-
ring to the question of the vitality of seeds, you
reler to my experience with the Martynia. I can
now add one year more to the record, by sending
you with this a Martynia plant pulled from my
garden to-day. It is seven years this month since
the garden was fillgd up from the old garden pre-
viously referred to, and not a plant has been
allowed to seed in all that time. The garden is
kept hoed continually, and Martynias are cut out
with other weeds. The plant sent you is the only
one that has appeared this season. How deep
down these seeds may be I cannot say. The gar-
den was filled in some 4 to 6 feet, but it is not
often that it is now disturbed to any greater depth
than 2 feet, which it sometimes is for Lima bean
poles. From the regularity with which more or
less plants have appeared every year since the
filling, I think it more than hkely that the end has
not yet been reached. Gennantown, Pa.

SOME IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES IN THE
LIFE-HISTORY OF THE HOP PLANT-
LOUSE (PHORODONHUMULI, SCHRANK).

BY C. V, RILEY, M. A., PH. D.

The author has been for several years carrying
on investigations with a view of ascertaining the
full annual life-history of Phorodon humuH, and
especially with a view of settling the hitherto
mooted question as to its winter life. The im-
portance of the inquiry, from both the economic
and scientific sides, is self-evident. The hop crop,
in all parts of Europe where it is grown, and es-
pecially in England, annually suffers more or less
from the ravages of this, its worst insect enemy,
and in some years is a total failure. The same is
true in North America, at least east of the Rocky
Mountains, and last year the injuries of this Phor-
odon in the hop growing regions of the State of
New York were so great that many hop yards
were abandoned and have since been plowed up;
while but ten per cent, of an average crop was
harvested. From the purely scientific side, ento-
mologists, notwithstanding the great interest at-
taching to the subject, have been divided in opin-

3IO

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

ion as to the identity of specific relationship of the
Hop Phorodon and one that occurs on Prunus,
while the full annual cycle of the insect's life has
remained a mystery. After full and satisfactory
investigations Prof. Riley has satisfied himself
that, contrary to the prevailing impressions among
hop-growers and previous investigators, the Hop
Plant-louse does not hibernate under ground on
the roots of the hop, nor in, on or about anything
in the hop yard; but that, upon the advent of the
first severe frosts, the hop plants and the hop
yards are entirely cleared of the species in any
form. He finds that all statements to the con-
trary in this country are based on misapprehen-
sion or mistaken identity of species, and expresses
the belief (though admitting the possibility of
variation in this respect in milder climates) that
the same will be found to hold true in England,
where hibernation oh the hop root has been ac-
cepted by high authority. The positive statements
made about eggs being laid in autumn, whether on
roots or upon the vines left in cutting or which are
carted away, are based on conjecture, and have
been blindly copied without credit by one writer
from another — a practice too common among
second-hand writers on economic entomology.

The conjectures of some of the best students of
Aphidology that Phorodon humuli had a form
(mahaleb, Tonsc.) living on Prunus and that there
was a consequent migration from one plant to the
other, have been positively proved to be correct
by direct colonizing from Prunus to Humulus and
by continuous rearing from the original stem-
mother hatched from the winter egg.

The observations have been made on growing
plants and in vivaria at Washington and checked
by others made simultaneously at hop yards at
Richfield Springs. An incident is recorded as
illustrating the effect of meteorological extremes
upon Aphides. The extreme heat and dryness of
July 17th and i8ih killed every one of the insects
under observation at Washington, entirely clearing
the plants. The economic bearing of such excep
tional phenomenais discussed, as also of the biologic
observations made. The more important conclu-
sions of the author from his studies so far made
are summed up as follows :

1. Phorodon humuli hibernates in the winter egg
state, which is fastened to the twigs of different
varieties and species of Prunus, both wild and
cultivated. The egg is difficult to detect, because
it is covered with particles which resemble the
bark in color and appearance.

2. The annual life-cycle is begun upon Prunus

by the stem-mother which hatches from this win-
ter egg.

3. Three parthenogenetic generations are pro-
duced upon Prunus, the third becoming winged
and instinctively abandoning the Plum and mi-
grating to Humulus. The habit of moving
from plant to plant after giving birth to an indiv-
idual, and thus scattering the germs of infection,
is well marked in this winged generation.

4. During the development of the three plum-
feeding generations the hop is always free, and
subsequently, until the return migration, the Plum
becomes more or less fully free from infection by
this species.

5. A number of parthenogenetic wingless gen-
erations are produced on the hop (seven or the
tenth from the stem- mother on Plum having been
traced up to August 5th), and finally there is a re-
turn migration of winged females to the Plum in
autumn.

6. Exact observations are not yet complete as
to the full number of generations produced upon
the Hop before the winged return migrat appears,
and another month's careful watching and exper-
iment is needed to fill this hiatus in the annual
cycle as also to ascertain the exact number of
generations produced in autumn on the Plum.
From knowledge extant and previous general ob-
servation, the fact will probably prove to be as
follows :

7. The tenth or eleventh generation will pro-
duce winged females, about the middle of August,
which will deposit their young upon the Plum, and
these will become the only sexed individuals of
the year, the male winged and the female wing-
less, the latter after coition, consigning a few im-
pregnated or winter eggs to the twigs.

8. At the date of writing (August 5th) the first
females on Hop are still alive and breeding, hav-
ing existed two months. There is, consequently,
an increasing admixture of generations from the
first on Hop until frost overtakes the species in all
conditions and sweeps from the face of the earth
all individuals alike, perpetuating in the egg state
those only which reached the sexual condition on
the Plum.

9. Each parthenogenetic female is capable of
producing, on an average, one hundred young
(the stem-mother probably being more prolific)
at the rate of one to six, or an average of three
per day, under favorable conditions. Each gen-
eration begins to breed about the eighth day after
birth, so that the issue from a single individual
easily ruos up, in the course of the summer, to

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

trillions. The number of leaves (700 hills, each
with two poles and two vines) to an acre will not
much exceed a million, so that the issue from a
single stem-mother may blight hundreds of acres.

10. While meteorological conditions may ma-
terially affect the increase and power for injury of
the species, these are far more truly predetermined
and influenced by its natural enemies, many of
which have been studied and will be described.

11. The slight colorational differences, as also
the structural differences, including the variation
in the cornides on head and basal joints of an-
tennae, whether on Plum or Hop, are peculiari-
ties of brood, and have no specific importance
whatever.

12. The exact knowledge gained simplified the
protection of the hop plant from Phorodon attack.
Preventive measures should consist in destroy-
ing the insect on Plum in early sprmg, where the
cultivation of this fruit is desired, and the exterm-
ination of the wild trees in the woods wherever
the hop interest is paramount. Also in avoiding
the introduction of the pest into new hop countries
in the egg state upon Plum cuttings or scions
Direct treatment is simplified by the fact that the
caretulgrowerisindependentof slovenly neighbors,
infection from one hop yard to another not taking
place. Experiments still under way have shown
that there are many effective remedies, and that
the ordmary ke'rosene emulsion diluted with twen-
ty-five parts of water and sprayed with the cy-
clone nozzle, or a soap made by boilmg one pound
of pure potash in three pints of fish oil and three
gallons of water, and this dissolved in eight gal-
lons of water, and sprayed in the same way,
are thoroughly effectual remedies, and leave the
plant uninjured. The former costs seventy-five
cents, the latter thirty cents per acre, plus the
time of two men for three hours, plus appliances.
The object of further experimentation now being
carried on is to simplify and reduce the cost of
these last to a minimum.

(Abstract of a paper read before the Society for the Pro-
motion of Agricultural Science.)

[It is a well understood general law that animal
life increases in proportion to the amount of
food at its command. Insects fond of one plant
will rarely leave that plant for another, but thrive
and increase on the abundance. But there is
room for suspecting that the tastes of living creat-
ures have considerable elasticity, and we should not
be surprised if an insect bred to a Plum would not
experiment on and take to another kind when the
Plum was abolished. But on this we would prefer

the views of Prof. Riley or other experienced en-
tomologists.—Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Sorghum Sugar — Miss Helen Abbott, the
eminent authority on plant chemistry, in a lecture
given before the Franklin Institute of Philadel-
phia, contends that the failure so far to produce
sugar profitably from sorghum, merely imposes
new duties on plant chemists, who will inevitably
find out how to make it pay, if they persevere.
She points out the very successful culture of the
beet in France had to go through just the same
ordeal. Chemical investigation, aided by the policy
of protection to this infant industry, that was estab-
lished over it by the Napoleonic Government,
finally evolved it to complete success, till now it
is one of the staple industries of the French
nation.

Fertility OF Hybrids. — In August, 1884, TAe
Independent had an exhaustive article showing
that hybrids were as generally fertile as species or
varieties that may have originated in what some
people would call a more natural way. It is not
that some hybrids are not sterile, for the fact is
well known that they are; but these "regular'*
species and varieties have degrees of sterility
among them quite equal to anything known
among hybrids. The point is that sterility is not
the special attribute of hybridity that it is so often
supposed to be. The facts, however, in any case
are always welcome. — Independent.

Storms and Atmospheric Currents. — No
class of the community is more interested in the
study of the attendant phenomena of storms and
air currents than the gardening world. The
articles in Scribners Monthly from the pen of such
an enthusiastic student of the subject as Professor
Shaler, will be welcome reading.

Formation of Cells. — The protoplasm or
material out of which cells are formed, can, ac-
cording to the experiments of Mr. Gardener, pass
from cell to cell, through minute apertures in the
cell wall. It is regarded as a very important dis-
covery in connection with vegetable physiology.

Why Birds Sing. — In Scribners Magazine for
September. " The Motif of Bird Song " is an out-
of-doors paper by Maurice Thompson, in which
he sets forth some fruits of his close observation
of the songs of our American birds, as to their
quality, melody, etc. He arrives at the conclusion

312

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

that bird-song is the instinctive expression of

pleasure, and that the absence of true rhythm in

it is probably significant of the want of power to
appreciate genuine music.

Hay Fever. — It has now been proved incon-
testably that pollen has nothing whatever to do
with hay fever — but comes from minute organisms
germinating in the atmosphere, and which might
readily be mistaken for pollen by microscopists
with an imperfect knowledge of the lower forms
in the vegetable kingdom.

The Agency of Insects in the Introduction
OF New Species of Plants. — The belief that
plants of one species or genus become new spec-
ies or genera in order to accommodate themselves
to certain insects for which they may be said to
have special preferences, seems to have become
so general with intelligent botanists, and so firmly
incorporated with their intellectual life, that we
continually meet with its expression in botanical
essays. The proposition is not put quite in that
way. As generally expressed it is that plants be-
come specialized to suit the special insect visitors
with a view to cross-fertilization by these special
guests and no others. Flowers become long-
tubed, for instance, in order that they might be
served only by long-tongued insects ; still facts
continually arise which puzzle the admirers of the
ingenious speculation. A beautiful cape terres-
trial orchid, Disa grandiflora is fully equipped for
a specialized fertilization by insect visitants, but
no insect is now known to frequent it. Hence it
never perfects seeds. The author of the essay be-
lieves that after having changed its character to
favor its special insect, the special insect became
extinct. This catastrophe, the author suggests,
must have happened long ago, even as geologic
time is reckoned. Now its increase is by small
tubers which it pushes out like potatoes from the
main stem. The author supposes the plant
"adopted "in "self-defense" this method of in-
crease when it found itself deserted by its insect
friend. The inconsistencies of these speculations,
with the supposed advantages of cross-fertilization,
do not seem to be perceived. It is first assumed
that plants that breed " in and in " have a poor
chance for existence during long geologic ages;
so a plant that self- fertilizes itself becomes another
species or genus in order to obtain cross-fertiliza-
tion, finds itself mistaken, and then changes to
another species in which it again has to have "in
and in " breeding of the closest kind by tubers,
and in this close breeding condition manages to

hold itself on "through long geologic ages," ap-
parently as well as if it had continued the cross-
fertilization by the aid of its insect friend. Just
how such views of development commend them-
selves to the minds of the many acute botanists
who have adopted them, seems a mystery to the
laity. — Independent.

The Frost Line. — Speaking of the probable
success of pine-apple culture in Florida, the Dis-
patch says :

"There is no such thing as the 'frost line,' or
the line of 'hurtful frosts; * all frosts are hurtful,
but the degree of hurt depends upon the severity
of the frost. It is probable that no part of our
national domain is absolutely exempt from frost,
but for all practicable purposes that part of Flor-
ida lying south of a Ime from Cape Romano to
Jupiter Inlet may be regarded as strictly tropical.

"At periods more or less remote from each
other a polar wave of such extreme severity
sweeps over the country that its icy breath reaches
the southern limits of our State, but woe to the
rest of mankind when the real South Florida gets
a frost. How remote these periods have been or
may be no one can tell. One interval only has
fallen within the memory of man, and that was
rifty one years ago.

" But absolute exemption from frost is not nec-
essary to successful pine-apple culture. South of
28° on the Atlantic coast and 27O on the Gulf
coast I believe a pine-apple crop is in no more
danger from frost than the corn crop of Ohio or
the wheat crop of West Virginia and East Ten-
nessee.'*

Poisonous Plants and Flowers. — It would
really seem that the old saw that what is one
man's meat is another man's poison, has a much
wider application than is generally supposed.
Once in a while we see the most innocent plants
I reported poisonous. Now it is the Magnolia
j flower. Some one in the Old World has discov-
I ered that the grateful odor of this beautiful flower
is poisonous. It is nonsense.

A Luscious Wild Plum, Prunus occident-
ALis. — Mr. W. G. Lyon tells the Botanical Ga-
zette that on Catalina Island, off the coast of Cal-
ifornia, Prunus occidentalis makes a beautiful
tree as large as an orange, and that the plum is
large and luscious. Our California friends should
endeavor to introduce such a desirable wild fruit
to cultivation.

The World's Rainfall. — In a recent paper
to the Royal Society of Edinburgh John Murray
sought to give the world's rainfall in figures. The
areas of country having an inland drainage —
equal to 11,486,350 square miles — receive 2,243
cubic miles of rain yearly. The total areas drain-

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

313

ing directly to the ocean equal to 44,21 1,000 square
miles, of which 38,829,750 square miles have more
than ten inches of annual rainfall, and discharge
into the sea 6,569 cubic miles of water each year.
By this means rather more than 5 000,000,000
tons of solids are carried to the ocean annually.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Vital Powers of Old and New Seeds.— A
correspondent from Belvidere, N. J., says: '"You
are always so exasperatingly correct in all you
say or write that it does one good to be able, if
only for the short time that elapses before you sit
down on one, to catch you napping. You write as
a comment on the first item in "Scraps and Que-
ries" in September Monthly that "we did not
know before that when older seed did grow it took
longer to sprout," and add, " We take this as
evidence of low vital power," etc. Now, why
may you not just as well take it as evidence that
the integument of the seed in question had be-
come so hardened by age that a longer time was
required for the moisture necessary to germina-
tion to penetrate it ? Were you to take a canna
seed before perfectly ripe, when it had hardly
vital power enough to grow at all, I fancy it would
sprout in much less time than a seed fully ma-
tured and full of vitality. Indeed, is it not a fact
that all seeds sprout more quickly when slightly
immature ?

" I take it for granted that the vital power in all
living organisms increases until the period of
full maturity."

[Is it correct that the integument of a two or
three year old seed is harder — that is, less imper-
vious to moisture — than one that has been care-
fully dried and is only a year old ? — Ed. G. M.]

Potatoes on Beans.— "F. N." says: " I clip
the following from a Florida paper. Can you tell
me if it can be done ? I have always understood
a plant must be of the same family to insure a
successful graft :

" 'A potato growing on a butter bean vine is the
latest vegetable curiosity brought to this office.
The potato weighs two ounces, and grew two feet
from the ground on the bean vine, and eighteen
inches from a potato plant. It was found in the
garden of Mr. Robert White.' "

To our mind the potato may be a gall formed
by some insect.

As for grafts, it is generally believed that plants
must be closely related before they will grow to-
gether. But a number of very different genera
will sometimes graft together. We beUeve that

so eminent a physiologist as Dr. Masters concedes
that the potato may be grafted on the tomato, and
a great number of genera in the olive family will
graft on the privet. We all know that the pear
will graft on the quince and on the hawthorn.
We do not think a potato would grown on a bean
vine ; but we should have given the same answer
if some one had asked us if a pear would grow on
the hawthorn before it was known that it would.

Echinocystis LOBATA. — " T. B. S." says : "I
take the liberty to send you some flowers of a
Cucurbitaceous plant for name, if you please. I
have tried Loudon's edition of 1855, with his two
supplements, havipg no higher authority, and can-
not find it. You will see it is dioecious, and very
similar to the Sycio Vine, but much finer, being
thickly covered with blossoms, and bears fruit
similar to the West Indian gherkin, about the
same size and covered with spines. It is a great
climber— just discovered it this morning on a
neighbor's arbor. On inquiry I found the seed
came from the South, and was found among some
rice. The pod is not eatable; bears four large
seeds similar to pumpkin or squash.

" For immediate efTect in covering arbors I think
it will be found an acquisition and far superior to
the Sycio Vine."

It is. as our correspondent remarks, a very in-
teresting vine, and well worthy of attention. It
grows wild over all the Atlantic States from Can-
ada to Texas.

Service Berries.— "What are Service ber-
ries ?" asked the young lady. The sergeant re-
plied: "They are berries we get in the service;
but we called them bullets then." The horticul-
turist could scarce give a better answer, for who
ever saw a Service berry ? The Editor has years
threescore and more, and has often seen the Ser-
vice berry tree ; but the Service berries before
him are the first fresh berries he has ever known.
I And they are not berries, but little pears— smaller
than any ordinary pears, but still to all appear-
I ance little pears. The leaves of the tree are just
I like those of the Molintain Ash, but instead of the
i usual red berries, the tree bears these little pears.
j It is next brother to the Mountain Ash, and is
Sorbus domestica, the Mountain Ash being Sorbus
aucuparia. The tree seldom bears till the tree
becomes quite old. and hence the fruit is so rarely
seen. These have been kindly sent to us through
Mr. Chas. H. Miller by Mr. Peter Kiefer, whose
name is famihar as the raiser of the Kiefer Pear.
It may be as well to say to the reader that the

314

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

sergeant was confounding a mere name when he
thought of the military service in connection
with these. Dr. Bromfield observes : "The name
Service, applied to the tree and its fruit, is, I sus-
pect, derived from (the Latin) Cervisia, a liquor
prepared from grain by the ancient Gauls, and
analogous to our beer, of which beverage a kind

has been brewed, time out of mind from the ber-
ries of some tree of the present genus, called
Sorbus by the ancients, ' quod ejus succum sorbere
Solent.' The Welsh prepare a similar drink at this
day from the fruit of the Mountain Ash, called
Sorbus sylvestris by many of the oldest writers orv
plants."

Literature, Travels and Fersonal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

IMPORTATION OF PLANTS INTO

GERMANY.

BY PROF. C. V. RILEY.

The Commissioner of Agriculture recently re-
ceived official notification through the Depart-
ment of State of a reversal of Section 2 of the
German Imperial decree of July 4, 1883, which
prohibited not only the importation of grape-vines,
roots and cuttings into Germany, but also, by this
section, prohibited the importation of all other
plants from countries not represented at the Berne
Phylloxera Congress. This is virtually a victory
for Professor Riley, U. S. Entomologist, and his
services in this line will be appreciated by our
gardeners and fruit-growers.

In the latter part of 1883 Messrs, Roelker &
Sons of New York complaining to the Department
of State of this exclusion of American plants,
the Hon. A. A. Sargent, then U. S. Minister to
Berlin, was directed to investigate the matter.
Considerable correspondence was had and at the
request of the Secretary of State, Prof Riley gave
the following expert testimony as to the absolute
impossibility of the introduction of Phylloxera
upon plants other than grape-vines, which was
published in the report of the entomologist, for
1884 (Ann. Rept. Dept. Agr., 1884, p. 107), and
which is here reproduced.
Bureau of ENTOMOLoay, Washington, Feb. 9, 1884.

Sir ; I beg to submit the following report on the
communication of Hon. A. A. Sargent, Minister
to Berlin, to the honorable the Secretary of State
which you have referred to me :

Certain American exporters of grape-vines
(Messrs. Roelker & Sons, of New York), have
complained to the Department of State concerning

the exclusion of American plants from Germany,
and Mr, Sargent reports upon the state of the
German laws in reference to such importations.

It seems that Germany, by the imperial decree
of July 4, 1883, prohibits absolutely the importa-
tion of grape-vines, cuttings and roots. The im-
portation of grapes and husks and of all other
plants is allowed only to nations which took part
in the Berne Congress of 188 r, and then only
under certain restrictions as to packing, certificates
from official experts, &c. Thus Germany has
gone a step beyond the provisions of the Berne
Congress, and the stringency of the decree has
caused great excitement and indignation among
nurserymen in this country.

While no one can appreciate the necessity of
stringent measures against the introduction of the
Phylloxera into non infested countries more than I
do, yet certain of the provisions of this last decree
appear to me utterly useless, and, without doubt,
they cause much loss and annoyance to nursery-
men in this and other countries as well as to those
of Germany, without producing any correspond-
ing benefit.

The clause in the decree prohibiting the impor-
tation of all " nurslings, shrubs and other garden
products not belonging to the category of the
grape-vine, coming from nurseries and hot-houses
into the Empire," is based upon the possibility of
the winged females settling upon such plants and
depositmg the few eggs which give birth to the
true males and females which produce the winter
egg. I will repeat here, therefore, the conclusions
which I have repeatedly urged in discussing re-
strictive legislation in reference to the Phylloxera,
and which the habits and life-history of the insect
justify.

The eggs from the winged female are most often,
laid in or on the ground near the base of the vine,

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

315

and they are so delicate as to require especially
favorable conditions of temperature and moisture
to enable them to hatch. They must, in my judg-
ment, infallibly perish when deposited on anything
else than the lower surface of the living grape-leaf
where they can receive moisture by endosmosis, or
in crevices in earth that is kept moderately moist
by rain or dew. But even supposing that these
eggs could hatch, and the resulting female should
lay her impregnated egg on any other living plant
than grape, and that this egg should give birth in
due time to the stem-mother, the would inevitably
perish without issue for want of suitable food.
With the utmost care to supply the natural con-
ditions, I have failed nine times out of ten to
obtam even the sexual individuals, and it is
much more difficult to get the impregnated egg.
European observers have had the same experi-
ence. From this it follows that the introduction
of the Phylloxera upon any other plant than the
grape-vine, at any season of the year, is impossi-
ble, and hence the folly of the prohibition.

As to the possibility of its introduction upon
grape-vines themselves, however, there can be no
doubt. The insects can be carried on the roots
of vines in the winter either m the dormant larva
state or in the "winter-egg" state, and in this
latter state it may occur upon almost any part of
the plant above ground, more particularly under
the loose bark of the two-year-old canes, although
recent observations have proven that whenever it
occurs above ground it is produced rather from
the gall-inhabiting type than from the dangerous
root form. Therefore the clause which prohibits
the introduction of cuttings with or without roots
into districts where the Phylloxera absolutely does
not exist, is fully justified by the facts. It may be
well to state, however, that in districts where the
Phylloxera exists no better preventive can be
adopted than the introduction of the hardy and
resisting American vines as stocks upon which to
graft the more susceptible European varieties.

It should also be urged in this connection that
while the decree is justified in so far as to prohibit
the actual introduction of vines and cuttings, there
can be no danger from the mere passage through
a non-infested country of such vines. These are
necessarily boxed, and can only be properly and
safely shipped during the cold or non-growing
season when the egg is dormant ; so that there is
a practicable impossibility in the introduction of
the insect by such a passage.

While I am rather in the dark as to the nature
of the original complaint (as no copy accom-

panied the papers received from the State Depart-
ment), the United States can safely and with great
justice urge upon Germany the reversal of that
portion of the decree which does not apply to
grape-vines proper. Respectfully,

C. V. Riley, Entomologist.
Hon. George B. Loring,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Minister Sargent on this testimony entered a
protest against the operation of the section in
question on the part of the United States Govern-
ment, desiring that the restriction be removed and
that the plants of American exporters be admitted
into the Empire under the same terms with those
of the States which were represented at the Con-
vention of Berne.

Here the matter rested until January of the
present year, when the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture requested of the Department of State, on be-
half of the Division of Entomology, information
as to the action of the German Government upon
Mr. Sargent's protest. The Secretary of State im-
mediately called the attention of Minister Pendle-
ton to the matter and the latter has succeeded in
securing the suspension of the obnoxious section
of the decree.

The exact wording of the new decree, which
forms Imperial Law-bulletin No. 13, is (translated)
as follows :

"(No. 1712.) Decree concerning the importa-
tion of plants with roots, from the States which did
not take part in the International Phylloxera Con-
vention, April 7, 1887.

"We, William by the grace of God. German
Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., decree in the
name of the Empire, with the consent of the Bun-
desrath, the following :

" I. The importation of plants with roots not
belonging to the category of grapes, which come
from the States which did not take part in the
International Phylloxera Convention of the 3d
November, 188 1 (Imperial Law-bull'etin of 1882,
page 125), over the border of that territory, which
is composed of the German customs domain, and
the Imperial possessions lying beyond the German
customs limits, is permitted under the following
conditions:

"I. The importations must be exclusively through
the places of entrance designated by the Imperial
Chancellor according to 4, section i, of the decree
of July 4, 1883 (Imperial Law-bulletin, page 153).

" 2. The plants must be securely packed, but in
such wise that a close examination can be made
of the plants as well as of the packing.

3i6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

" 3. The importation can only be made when
an investigation, made at the place of entrance,
at the cost of the importer, removes the suspicion
of Phylloxera. In the foregoing circumstances
the provisions of the 6 of the decree of July 4,
1883, apply.

"H. The Imperial Chancellor will take the
necessary measures to carry into effect the fore-
going regulations, particularly the appointment of
experts, who are to be entrusted with the execu-
tion of the investigations mentioned in i, Section
3, and the regulation of the cost of the investiga-
tion.

"III. The instruction in section 2 of the decree
of July 4, 1883 (Imperial Law-bulletin, page 153),
is revoked.

Witness our hand and Imperial Seal.

Given, Berlin, April 7, 1887.

WiLHELM

von BOETTICHER.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

A June Morning in the West Indies. —

Ul) from the Carilibean

The wind comes like a prean,
As on my fragrant orange- bough 1 swing,

Dreaming and woiulernig,
And piping Sapphic fragments o'er and o'er.

Along the shore
The surf foams madly and the breakers roar.

Strange odors fniui afar,
Spice, amber, nard and tar.
And Lesbian roses blown in Mitylene,
And violet-breath, and watt of myrtle green,
Steep me in visions passionate and wild,

Of love, all undetiled.
Whereby was Sappho's bright

Rose-garden of delight.
Flooded with starry splendors of old night !

O ! Bower of June,
"With morning freshness lingering after noon !
All round tin ough ajjple boughs the cool air blows,
Shaking soft slumber down the dusky leaves,
Where still the subtle violet-weaver weaves !
—From a song of the Mocking Bird, by Maurice Ihompson
in Independent.

The American Garden Plot at the London
Exhibition. — The London papers speak in high
praise of the.exhibition of American plants in the
recent exhibit. One bed was wholly devoted to
California annuals, which thrive so admirably in
the London climate. The success of this horti-
cultural feature must have been very gratifying to
Mr. Burnett Landreth. the American commis-
sioner, whose tastes flow so much towards gar-
dening. The garden was arranged chiefly by
chief gardener William Goldring, under instruc-
tions from the Director General Whiteley.

The Mud-gardens and Fields of the Nile.
— In a little time, then, a Nile farm becomes a
rare beauty-spot, instead of a waste of mud; lor

now the crops are grown. The lentils bend with
their heavy load, and the fields of grain turn their
well-filled heads from side to side that the ripen-
ing sun may change their green freshness into
gold. What landscape, unadorned by art, can be
more lovely than such a farm, narrow though its
limits may be, with its grove of palms to fan the
breeze and scatter their sweet fruitage into the lap
of the happy fellahin ? Here no weeds grow to
annoy him. No stone-crops are belched to the
surface each year to stop the plough. And this
is good, for the Egyptian plough has no scientifi-
cally curved coulter or subsoil attachment. When
the crops are ripened the irrigation must rest
awhile, for all hands are pressed to help with the
ingathering. — Frovt '' The Modern Nile," by Ed-
ward L. IVilson, in Scribners Magazine for Sep-
tember.

The Home of Sappho.— Lord Byron wrote :

"The Isles of Greece ! The Isles of Greece !

Where burning Sappho loved and sung,

Where grew the arts of war and peace ;

Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung !

Eternal summer gilds them yet.

But all, except their sun, is set."

Just what kind of a home Sappho had, may be
imagined from the following description by Mf.
Symonds, of the Island of Lesbos on which she
lived :

" Exquisite gardens in which the rose and hya-
cinth spread perfume ; river-beds ablaze with the
oleander and wild pomegranate ; olive-groves and
fountains, where the cyclamen and violet flowered
with feathery maiden hair ; pine-shadowed coves,
where they might bathe in the calm of a tideless
sea ; fruits such as only the southern sea and the
sea-wind can mature ; marble clifTfs, starred with
jonquil and anemone in spring, aromatic with
myrtle and lentisk and samphire and wild rose-
mary through all the months."

Evidently there is something left yet in the
"Isles of Greece" besides the setting sun, that
Lord Byron did not see.

Peach Culture in America. — We do not
know where the record of the earliest attempts at
peach culture in America may be found ; but
Oldmixon. writing in 1700, says that the whole of
the road leading out of Philadelphia and through
Germantown, and what is now Germantown ave-
nue, Philadelphia, was one complete string of
peach trees.

Gardeners from the Old World. — The fol-
lowing advice from a letter in regard to gardeners
going to Australia is good for those who come to
America:

" I would advise any one coming out here not to
go into business at once, had he ever so much

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

317

money. Let him take a situation, get acclimated,
study the climate, its effects on flowers, plants
and vegetables. Mark well the ways of the colo-
nial people, take time to consider over things, and
read all the newspapers, which he will find even
in an up-country station far more plentifully than
he will in a village at home. When he has made
up his mind to start business he will then be able
to select a suitable locality."

Introduction of the Potato into France.
— At a meeting to celebrate the introduction of
the potato into Europe M. Henri L. de Vilmorin,
of Paris, read a paper on "The Introduction of
the Potato into France." M. Vilmorin said that
the potato was first introduced into the Dauphiny
from Switzerland. At first it was not extensively
grown, and was used as fodder for cattle, and
there existed a strong prejudice against it. But a
bouquet of its flowers being presented to the king,
who greatly admired them, the prejudice was
gradually overcome, and the potato became more
generally known. In 1830 the Agricultural So-
ciety of Paris sent to him a large collection of
known varieties which were grown and compared,
and resulted in their reduction to 120 distinct
kinds. Since then some 2,000 named varieties
had passed through their hands, and they had re-
duced these by about 550 distinct sorts.

Analytical Herbariums. — Herbariums, or
collections of dried plants, usually serve little more
purpose than to identify a species, and even then
one can often not be sure, because the specimens
are imperfect in some respect. They seldom
serve the purpose of teaching botany.

Mr. Buysman, of Middleburg, Holland, has
conceived the happy idea of getting up herbari-
ums in which all the leading parts of the plant
shall be so displayed that in many cases the full
characters of a whole natural order might be
taught by them.

Wafer Ash. — One of the worst features of
common names is one that has not been hitherto
noted, namely, that people are no more satisfied
with them than botanical names, and new ones
come up every year or two. They will not stay
named, as with botanical names they usually do.
Ptelea seemed too hard, so it came to be called
hop tree, the fruit making a good substitute for
hops. We read recently in a western horticultu-
ral paper about the Wafer Ash. After considera-
ble trouble we found this to be a new name given
to the Ptelea. Soon there will be another name
" all Greek" to the hearer as well as Ptelea. Now,
this is not all a joke, for Ptelea is the Greek name
for the elm tree. The seed is like an elm seed .

and if people want a new name still, it may come
to be elm ash.

Short Names for Varieties. — A correspon-
dent of the Garden compliments " especially
Americans" for the short names they give their
new varieties of roses. The compliment might
be extended by including the shortening of the
old, as well as naming the new. Few persons
here ever say General Jacqueminot. Jack is all
this good old rose receives.

The Divine Pear. — This is the name the En-
glish are substituting for persimmon. It may be a
translation of the Greek name, but persimmon is
good enough for common people.

The Wonderful Growth of Florida. — Hon.
Wm. D. Kelley, the father as he is called, of the
United States House of Representatives, by reason
of his long term of service there, has written a
letter on the future of Florida, that is exciting
more than usual attention. In 1875 Florida was
comparatively unknown. There was but 500
miles of railroad, and but one or two good hotels
— now there are hotels everywhere, and 2000
miles of railroad. The winter visitors do much
of the prosperity, leaving about $7,500,000 each
year in the State, and oranges do about most of
the rest.

In a recent note on Florida vegetable growing,
commenting on a statement that it took all one's
receipts to get the product to market in Philadel-
phia or New York, we suggested that the effort
should be to build up Philadelphias and New
Yorks around them, and save the transportation
expenses. Judge Kelley reaches just the same
conclusion. He says Florida has done great
things on oranges and on the crop of visitors —
but it is capable of much greater things by en-
couraging other industries. He sees in Florida
just the chance for sugar, tobacco, rice and silk —
and the feeding and clothing of the thousands
whom these industries would support; would bring
in an immense amount of cash to the fruit and
vegetable raisers, who would thus in a great
measure not be dependent on northern markets
for the bulk of their products.

Judge Kelley 's letter we notice is attracting un-
usual attention.

Agriculture and Horticulture of Italy. —
Mr. Charles Joly ex-President of the National
Horticultural Society of France, describes his
visit to the great exhibition at Florence, which he
styles the Ghent of Italy in its floral features. He
says Italy has not the rivers, the coal, and the

3i8

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

other advantages which give strength to manufac-
turing industry in the Norlh— but it is far in the
advance in its attention to agriculture, horticul-
ture and the sciences which aid and protect them.
She established at Pisa in 1544 the first Botanic
Garden, as well as having in the long time past
given us Pliny, Virgil, Columella and Palladius.
Among modern distinguished agricultural savants
she gives us Beccari, Tozzetti, Cantoni, Todaro
and Terraciani. She has six schools for teaching
grape culture, a school for olive culture, twenty-
three schools of agriculture, and twenty botanic
gardens. The orange and the mulberry are
the most precious resources — while the vine is
almost providential in its influence on the exist-
ence of Italian civilization. Legunes enter largely
into the agricultural art.

Greenhouses of the Late Alex. Mitchell,
OF Milwaukee. — We regret to learn that there is
little probability of these beautiful greenhouses
being maintained for any length of time. For the
present a florist of the city will overlook things.
Mr. Pollard, who has been gardener there for
twenty years, retires.

The Secretary of the Iowa Horticultural
Society. — Gustavus B. Brackett is the Secretary
of the Iowa Horticultural Society, not George B.
Brackett, who is a brother, and of Kansas.

C. M. HovEY. — After the extended notice we
gave of the life and services of Mr. Hovey in the
December number of last year, we have only to
express here what must be the universal feeling
of regret with which all lovers of horticulture will I
receive the news of his death, which occurred on
the second of September, 1887, in his 77th year,
closing one of the most useful lives that has ever
been spent in the field of American horticulture.

Charles Dimmick.— Mr. Dimmick, of Ryde,
Isle of Wight, England, an occasional correspon-
dent of the Gardeners' Monthly from that far-
away portion of our horticultural domain, died on
the 1st of September in his 70th year. Among I
the most recent of his contributions to our pages
was an excellent paper on the potato fungus, in
which he gave good reasons for maintaining that
the old practice of keeping the tubers in a warm
cellar, "sprouting " them continually during win-
ter, and then planting these weakened sets, opened
the way by their weakened vital power for the
terrible ravages of the fungus, which in 1845
seemed to start in the Isle of Wight, and swept
finally the whole British Isles.

The career of Mr. Dimmick shows that even in
the much-abused, over-crowded old world it is
just as possible for honest determination to "get
along " as it is in the new world or anywhere.

It is over half a century ago, when Ryde was
little more than a village, though it did possess a
"Theatre" and a "Town Hall," and when it was
universally conceded that cold water was " poi-
son " and beer a "necessary of life," that a "tee-
total" advocate visited the town, and held a meet-
ing in the theatre aforesaid. At that time bar-
rooms were about the only educational institutions.
Here the young (comparatively) and the old used
to congregate at eve, and, amid the smoke from
two or three feet length of clay pipe and the
essence of malt, go over the village news, and
discuss the state of the country, and the exact
number of "frog-eating Frenchmen" that any one
Englishman could "whip,"

In all these "educational" circles there was
always one whose talents for debate led the others
involuntarily to regard as a leader. This leader
proposed one evening, in the midst of the impor-
tant discussions, that they should all go down to
the theatre, and have some fun over ' that teetotal
fellow." It was a remarkable ending. "Just for
fun" the whole gang went on the stage and signed
the pledge. The " leader " was a gardener. He
had a wife and one child. Going home, to the
surprise of his young wife, earlier than usual, and
telling of the " fun " that he had had, she implored
him to make it in earnest, and she succeeded.
The next day he went around to all his acquaint-
ances, a large number, ranging from 15 years old
to 25, and persuaded them to enter on the course
with him. It was a strange subject of conversa-
tion with the old folks about there. A lot of
young fellows trying to live without beer! Nearly
a month had gone by, when it was found that the
greater number had grown earnest; and the
"leader" represented that it was no use to have
negative qualities— that it would be a good thing
to CO operate for mutual instruction in intellectual
studies. That little band was ambitious. Geom-
etry, the natural sciences, as well as English
grammar, languages, even Greek was taken up,
and out of it grew an "institute" in which, each
following his own chosen studies, helped the others
in those in which his own proficiency qualified
him to teach.

A large majority of these young men were gar-
deners or the sons of gardeners. Sad to relate,
the leader of this little band, after six or eight
years of wonderful usefulness, relapsed into his

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

319

•early drinking habits— drinking as if to make up
for lost time, to great excess, and, stupidly drunk,
fell into a ditch, where he was found dead in the
morning. His six years of wonderful usefulness
will surely overcome any light figuies on the other
side when the eternal settlement of his accounts is
•made. Of that band of young men numbers
scattered over the world reached positions of emi-
nent usefulness.

Young Dimmick was one of them. At that
time he was a young gardener in his first place,
among the oldest of the set ; but he set down nobly
to the task of self-education, and his progress was
very rapid. The doctrine of pecuniary success in
life, which Micawber subsequently preached, but
never practiced, these young men discovered and
put into successful use. " If you have 20 shillings,
and spend 19 shillings — pleasure; if you spend 21
shillings — misery." It was among the earliest of
their beliefs that the most useful anti poverty
doctrine that could be preached was, never to
spend the last penny earned. In a few years Mr.
Dimmick had, almost imperceptibly, saved a
small sum. With this he bought out a very small
grocery store on a leading street ; tea, cofifee and
cheese being about the only things sold. Then he
added a stand in which he sold a few pot flowers.
He next added a few garden seeds. Following
came a small greenhouse at the back of the store,
or, as they would say, his "shop." By this time
the grocery was abandoned, and his whole efforts
bestowed on the business he loved best. It is
enough here to say that as a seedsman and florist
he became one of the best known in the British
Isles.

Like so many men in the horticultural line, here
as well as in the old world, he generously devoted
much of his time to public afifairs. As early as
1 85 1 he was elected one of the Board of Commis-
sioners. When Ryde grew to be a borough he
was elected a member of the Town Council, and
was continuously re-elected till declining years de-
manded rest. He gave 44 years to public service,
outside of his business as a florist. Few people
will know, unless they read this notice, how much
of interest they derive from a visit to that wonder-
fully beautiful town of Ryde — how much of that
interest is due to the early efforts and unceasing
thought and influence of Mr. Dimmick in bringing
it about.

We give this extended notice of one of whom
so few of our readers have seen or heard of, ex-
cept perhaps as an advertiser in English horticul-
tural journals, because we love to show what

members of the gardening fraternity can do when
they set their minds to do ; and because possibly
the pleasure which we believe the readers of our
magazine derive from its perusal may in a remote
degree be due to the acquaintance and friendship
which, as a boy studying gardening, the Editor
had with his dead friend, some few years older
than he was himself.

He was buried in Brading, in the same church-
yard where rests "The Dairyman's Daughter,"
also in her line an example which has profited
many a young person to the uttermost ends of the
earth.

Garret R. Garretson. — This famous seeds-
man died at his home in Flushing, Long Island,
New York, on the 28ih of August, in his 74th
year.

He may be said to be one of the great fathers of
the modern seed trade. Possibly the Shaker com-
munity was earlier in starting the method of sell-
ing garden seeds on commission in country stores,
but if so, the Shakers must have been soon fol-
lowed by Garretson, who established these agencies
all over the land.

WilUiam and Grant Thorburn kept stores to-
gether; William in the grocery, and Grant seeds.
Garretson was employed in the grocery with Wil-
liam, but fancying the seeds better, went over to
Grant. He was born at Blackwell's Mills. Somer-
set Co., New Jersey. Subsequently he became
foreman in the establishment of W. R. Prince till
1836, when he commenced to grow seeds on his
own account. His wife was a Miss Bloodgood, a
niece, we believe, of James Bloodgood, the nur-
seryman who introduced the famous Bloodgood
Pear. Only last year they celebrated their golden
wedding.

Of a rather modest disposition, he continued to
the last opposed to showy advertising bills and
picture cuts on his seed bags. The result was
that the competition of Rochester, Detroit and
Philadelphia became so severe that he had to
withdraw from the commission seed business he
had inaugurated and finally gave it up altogether
for the business of a market gardener. While in
the seed business he paid especial attention to the
improvement of the cabbage, and the writer of
this notice well remembers when Garretson's Flat
Dutch was deemed all that any good gardener
needed. This variety had an enormous run, es-
pecially in the Southern States. When he gave
up seeds and took to vegetable growing the cab-
bage was one of his staple crops, and his farm on

320

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[October,

the Jamaica Road was more like a fair ground
with its hundreds of men and wagons coming and
going with the crops in the cabbage season. We
beheve of late years Mr. G. has not taken an ac-
tive interest in the labor of this work, the manage-
ment being under his son Alonzo.

Mr. Garretson was not a demonstrative man,
but was fond of quiet study and experimenting.
If it cannot be said of him that he died leaving
many thousands of dollars, there is a satisfaction
in knowing that he experienced little of the dis-
quietmg vicissitudes which the terril)le struggle
for mere wealth so often brings, and that his life,
so far as the outer world knows, was one of con-
tinuous pleasure and enjoyment.

Bourne's Essay on Roses.— This excellent es-
say on old and new roses, read last year before
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, has been
translated into several foreign languages. It ap-
pears in full in the Journal des Roses for April.

LiNDENiA. — Another volume, the third, of this
grand work on orchids has been commenced, of
which part the first part is now before us. Aerides
Fieldingia," one of the most beautiful of all orchids,
having a compact raceme i6 inches long, with
possibly fifty deep rosy pink flowers, occupies the
first plate. The next is Dendrobium purpureum^
var. candidulum. This is that remarkable rarity,
a double orchid. The flowers look more like
large, intensely double, white carnations than an

ordinary orchid — and besides the attractions it
will present to the orchid lover, ought to be very
desirable for cut-flower work. Odontoglossum
cuspidatum occupies another plate. This has
very narrow sepals, petals and labellum, which
are spotted orange and brown. There are ten
of these large flowers on the raceme. The fourth
plate is Anguloa uniflora, one of the section of
Dove orchids. The ivory white flowers are some
3 inches long.

With these lovely plates are full descriptions,
botanical history, and practical details for culture,
that must make the work very desirable to all
orchid growers— while as a beautiful work of art,
those who have never seen an orchid will welcome
it to their library tables. It is now published by
J. Linden, aided by Lucien Linden and Emile
Rodigas, at Ghent, for sixty francs a volume of
12 parts.

Catalogues. — Anderson, H. S., Foreign Nur-
sery Stock, Union Sprmgs, N. Y.; Bull, Wm,,
Bulbs and Tuberous Plants, London, England ;
Dreer, H. A., Bulb List, Philadelphia, Pa.; Hart-
land, Wm. Baylor, Daffodils. Cowslips, &c., Cork,
Ireland; Henderson, Peter, & Co., Bulbs, Plants,
Seeds, New York City; Hubbard, T. S., & Co.,
Grape Vines, Small Fruits, Fredonia, N. Y.; King,
James, Trade List Bulbs, Chicago, 111.; Meehan,
Thomas, & Son, Wholesale Trade List, German-
town, Phila.; Pynaert, Van Geert, Ed., Chrysan-
themums, Ghent, Belgium; Sachs, David, Novel-
ties, Quedlinburg, Germany; Wilson, Wm. C.,.
Plants, Fall, Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.

EORTICULWRAI SOCIETIES.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

New York Horticultural Society. — The
fall exhibition will take place on Nov. 8th.

The articles on the schedule, for which compe-
tition is invited, include Chrysanthemums, Orchids,
Ferns and foliage plants, cut flowers with Chrys-
anthemum excluded, cut Roses and the usual run
of designs.

Florida Horticultural Society. — The
Florida Nurserymen's Association has merged
into a new body with the above title. A. I.
Bidwell is president, and S. L. Taber secretary.
The next meeting will be held at Ocala.

American Pomological Society.— As we go
to press we learn that the meeting of the Society

in Boston is going on very successfully, and prom-
ises to be one of the most interesting ever held.
It was, however, a great disappointment to learn
at the last moment that Mr. Patrick Barry could
not attend. The next biennial meeting is to be
held in Florida.

State Board of Forestry of California.
— At a recent meeting it was

Resolved, That the State Board of Forestry,
through its representative at the next National
Forestry Congress, will impress upon that body
the importance of urging upon the National and
State Governments the great necessity for with-
drawing Government timber lands and State
school timber lands from entry and sale, and the
establishment of a system for sale of timber alone
under provisions insuring the protection of young
growth and the renewal of the forests as fast as

THE

Gardeners^ Monthly

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS,

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

NOVEMBER, 1887.

Number 347.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

There is no time in the whole year but thought
on the proper laying out of grounds is timely. The
Seasonable Hints we have recently been giving
seem so thoroughly appreciated that we are dis-
posed to continue
them awhile long-
er. We are very
glad that they are
aiding in the de-
velopment of taste
in this direction,
for one of the
highest pleasures
of gardeni ng
comes as much
from the proper
arrangement o f
grounds as from
the beauty of the

Avenue at Ashton,

obstruct or depreciate if improperly arranged.
The very same view may be made to look wholly
different from the same property by a judicious
arrangement of groups of trees.

In our last we gave a distant view of the op-
posite shore of the Hudson river. To-day we
give another view
of the same op-
posite shore, but
yet, how varied !
True, it is not
from the same
grounds. The
view we now
give is from the
property of Mr.
Schieffelin, b u t
the variation
would have been
all the same if it
had been from

flowers or from the individual trees with which 1 the same place, for it is chiefly the different styles
they are ornamented or by which they are • of planting that produce the varied effects,
adorned. Again, one of the most, pleasurable features of

We desire to-day to emphasize a point made in gardening is the great contrasts that may be ob-
our last— that in the planting of a place, too much tained from various methods of planting trees,
thought cannot be bestowed on the future views At one time every thing was planted in straight
which the trees may either enhance in beauty, or lines. This was a leading element in .the once

322

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

popular Dutch style of gar-
dening. Then came the
natural style of gardening,
in which straight lines of
planting were nearly abolished. But there are
many happy effects from occasional straight
avenues. They are justified often by their own
inherent good taste. And often they are justi-
fied by the happy contrast with other scenes.
On Mr. Schieffelin's grounds this is very well
illustrated. There is a broad avenue with a line
of trees, and even those who have had little
culture in the theoretical principles of beauty
must feel that such a lovely natural scene as the
one given of the Hudson river is very much en-
hanced by a previous drive up the avenue.

We continue to receive many complaints about
the weedy and unsatisfactory nature of many
lawns. The best method of getting a good lawn
is to sod it with carefully selected blue grass sods,
or sods of any other thick-set grass that can be
had, and then to pay attention to weeding out any
obtrusive plant that may want to compete for
mastery. Often the grass of this solid character
cannot be had, or the expense not justified. In
this case we must sow seeds. Then it is wise to
choose those kinds that grow naturally thick and
stocky, so that they may crowd out any competi-
tors. For this part of the world there is nothing
equal to what is known as Green Grass, or, as it is
called elsewhere, Kentucky Blue Grass. But
when a lawn is to be made by sowing instead of

sodding, careful attention
should be given to weed-
ing for a couple of years - -~--^
or so. Much of the com-
plaint about bad weeds and bad grasses in
lawns comes from neglect of early weeding.

COMMUNICATIONS.

HYACINTHS.

BY MR. POLMAN MOOY.

II.

All the varieties have been obtained from seed
selected from thousands of seedlings and by arti-
ficial crossing and impregnations, which is an oc-
cupation of very long duration, as a little bulb
grown from seed requires six or seven years before
it is of sufficient size to produce a good flower ;
and when considering that this bulb if found
worthy to be grown on requires twelve to fifteen
or twenty years' careful artificial propagation be-
fore a moderate stock can be had, it may not
create astonishment when many times new vari-
eties have realized large sums of money. New
varieties in almost every shade of color have been
saved from year to year, showing improvements
in size of spike, in size of bulb, size of bells, etc. ;
but it may be worth remarking that in all the dif-
ferent colors we have obtained improvement in
size of bells, with the exception of the bright

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

323

scarlet-colored sorts, which until now have always
turned out with small, narrow bells. If we could
obtain a Hyacinth flower of a bright scarlet color
like Queen of the Hyacinths or Garibaldi, with
bells as large as La Grandesse or Cloche Magnif-
ique, what a splendid improvement it would be,
and probably in the course of time we may obtain
this treasure.

Between the time when double Hyacinths were
most esteemed and the time when single varieties
came into favor, a period of perhaps ten years,
the always increasing demand was greater than
the general stock could furnish, and consequently
the prices of Hyacinths grew higher every year,
and it was at that time to be a rather profitable cul-
ture. This induced a great number of farmers in
the neighborhood of Haarlem to try growing Hy-
acinths, which many have done with more or less
success. At that time land was worth only half
the price that it is at present, and the most easy-
growing Hyacinths were then artificially propa-
gated to such a large extent that the stock over-
grew the demand, and during the last three years
forced the market price of
such sorts down to such low
prices that, during the last
two years, thousands of Hy-
acinths have been exported
at prices below the actual
j ■MiMM ^°^^ °^ production, bring-

ing great losses to the growers of this beautiful
flower, while it overstocked the markets in sev-
eral foreign countries where these bulbs were
most used, to which poor circumstances the
general depression in trade has of course con-
tributed.

Respecting the use made of Hyacinths, I may
say that the greater portion of the bulbs are being
forced, and for this purpose the bulbs should be
potted about the middle or end of September in
5-inch pots in rich light soil, and placed in a cold
frame or under a wall, where they can be covered
with wooden shutters or some similar contrivance
to keep ofT heavy rains. In either case they
should be covered a foot thick with newly fallen
leaves, and being once well watered after potting,
they may be left for months to form their roots,
when the most forward should be brought out
(some repot into somewhat larger pots according
to the apparent strength), and the bulbs should
be placed in a gentle heat as near the glass and
light as possible to prevent the flower stems rising
to an unnatural height. Some care is necessary
in the application of this,
or the flowers will be abor-
tive. It should not exceed
50° for the first three weeks,
but afterwards may be in-
creased gradually to 60° ;
and if the pots are plunged

Ashton ; the residence of H. Maunsell Shieffelin, Yonkers, N. Y.

324

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

in bottom heat the same care should be observed,
or the points of the roots will certainly be killed.
One-third the depth of the pot is fully sufficient at
first, and if the heat is brisk they should not be
plunged more than a few inches at any time.

When the flower stems have risen to nearly
their full height, and the lower bells of the spike
are beginning to expand, the plants should be re-
moved to a lower temperature usually afforded by
the greenhouse, and when the bells are fairly ex-
panded the plants can be taken to the sitting
room or wherever their presence is desired, ob-
serving to protect them from sudden changes or
cold draughts of air, and the water given to them
should be moderately warm. ,

Instead of the usual practice of drying Hya-
cinths at once in the sun, I would rather recom-
mend the method adopted in this country — name-
ly, to place them side by side on a sunny piece of
ground, and cover them with about an inch of
loose earth to thoroughly ripen the bulbs by the
subdued heat imparted to the earth which sur-
rounds them. Left in this position for a fortnight
they will become dry and firm, and an hour or
two's sunshine will finish them properly for stor-
ing.

The propagation of Hyacinths can be artifi-
cially performed in two ways: (i) By the bulbs
being cut crosswise and sprinkled with sand to
absorb any superfluous moisture that may exude
from the incisions. After a time they are planted
in the earth in the usual way, when the mother
bulb divides itself into small bulbs. (2) By
scooping out the base of the large bulbs after they
have been taken out in July. After this operation
it requires great attention in watching carefully
the process of properly drying the wounded bulbs,
because not properly attending to this the whole
bulb may become mouldy and be lost completely.
The bulbs thus treated are planted in October, at
which time the small offsets at the base of the
bulb are partly visible already, and are then
planted in the usual way, only with a slight cov-
ering of earth in a warm situation as much ex-
posed to the heat of the sun as possible, where
the small bulbs gradually develop in the warm
sandy soil, with the proper degree of moisture,
aided by the climate, which about Haarlem ap-
pears to be very suitable to the growth and devel-
opment of this flower. (3) In this natural way by
offsets from the parent bulb, which is, however,
rather slow to meet the present large demand.

The Tulips used for forcing require about sim-
ilar treatment as the Hyacinths. When placed in

heat they should be placed as near to the glass as
possible, in order to prevent the flowers drawing
up too high, and the flower stems should occa-
sionally be assisted when, by their quick growth,
they get entangled in the foliage. During recent
years Tulips have become great favorites for plant-
ing out in beds, for which thousands are annually
employed, making by their very brilliant colors a
very showy effect indeed. I could dwell for a
considerable time upon the history of the Tulip
and the very unusual speculation, or rather gam-
bling, at some past period these have been made
subject to ; but if my present paper has given
some little pleasure, it may induce me to try an-
other on these and other sorts of flower roots at
some future occasion.

I have no doubt that in several ways my present
paper may be found wanting, but I may be al-
lowed to remind you that as a foreigner I wrhe in
a language altogether strange to me. As an ar-
dent admirer of horticulture in every branch, and
stimulated by the earnest desire to do something
to oblige the members of the Club, who may all
be considered as lovers of horticulture and botany
in every branch, I have ventured to write this
short paper.

WHAT IS GOOD PLANTING?

BY D. O. MUNSON.

" B.," of Baltimore, Md., in September number
of your valuable magazine writes : " I have a
puzzle which I would be glad if you would un-
ravel for me." I will try to unravel it. The
trouble with most tree planters is, they overdo the
work ; they think they must go to the chip pile for
chip dirt, the woods for woods earth or the stable
for strong manure to put in the holes, which is all
wrong. The tree should be planted with the sur-
face soil taken from the holes. The manures
spoken of above might be added afterwards as a
mulch and would then do no harm. I sent this
spring fifteen evergreens to one of my neighbors.
As soon as he received them he sent for an ex-
perienced Enghsh gardener to plant them. As
soon as he saw them he said they must be planted
in woods earth. After a day or two spent in gather-
ing the earth the trees were carefully planted and
the result was that more than one half of them
died. About the same time I sent two men from
the nurseries to plant three evergreen hedges, one
of them contained 75 American Arbor- Vitse, an-
other 100 Am, Arbor- Vitae and the third 240 Nor-
way Spruce ; the Arbor- Vitae were 5 to 6 feet, the

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

325

Norway Spruce from 3 to 5 feet, planted in sod land
"zyi feet apart. My men simply dug holes suffi-
ciently large to take in the roots, pulverized the
soil well so it would settle all around the roots
leaving no vacant spaces in the holes. Of the
Arbor- Vitae every plant lived and not over two per
cent, of the Norway Spruce died.

Another mistake about tree planting is the
advice often given in catalogues and elsewhere to
prune the roots. This would do no harm if judg-
ment was used, but inexperienced root trimming
is usually death to the tree. We have had men
come to the nurseries and while their orders were
being filled take out their knives and begin cut-
ting away roots very recklessly, and when asked
asked why they did this their reply would be that
they had seen it advised in catalogues that all
bruised and broken roots should be cut off. Con-
sequently no matter how small the bruise or how
big the root, off it came, and by the time they got
through more than half of the roots would be cut
away. My experience is that a bruised or broken
root will heal over much sooner below the surface
than it will above. Several years ago in plough-
ing near a peach orchard many roots were broken
off, some of them i ;^ inches in diameter. Several
months later in ploughing the same ground we
ploughed one furrow nearer the trees and the
same roots were cut again, and I was surprised to
find'the roots broken by the first ploughing all
healed and that they had thrown out hundreds
of small roots. Showing conclusively it is not
necessary to cut roots smooth in order to have
them heal. I have filled orders out of the
trenches where I have had trees trenched out for
sale and have had parties write me their trees all
died, when I knew they had been received by
them in the very best condition, while the cullings
in these same trenches all lived; and when I
inquired of the parties how they planted them, the
reply generally was that they had used the utmost
care and put chip dirt or some other drying
manure in the holes — of course they died.

Falls Church, Va., September 28, 1887.

THE WEEPING MULBERRY.

BY J. C. TEAS.

In the August number are some notes on our
new Weeping Mulberry, in which it is stated that
the fruit is above the average size of Russian Mul-
berries. This is an error. The trees have not yet
borne enough for us to judge of its value as a fruit
tree. The berries so far were small, but may

become larger, as it is said [that the fruit of the
Russian Mulberry usually increases in size as the
trees attain age.

The great merit of this tree lies in its graceful
weeping habit, entirely unlike anything here-
tofore introduced, and its being at the same
time a remarkably vigorous and healthy grower ;
with a hardiness that withstands the severe cold
of the far North, and the still more destructive
heat and drouth of the South and South-west ;
flourishing where the Kilmarnock and other pop-
ular weeping trees entirely fail.

We first noticed this tree and budded from it in
1883, instead of 'Ss^-as stated. The original tree,
always healthy and thrifty, is less than three feet
high, spreading out on the ground.

Carthage, Mo., Sept. 20, 1887.

ROSE, ETOILE DE LYON, FROM THE OPEN
AIR.

BY ANTOINE WINTZER.

I send you by mail to-day a few buds of the
Tea Rose, Etoile de Lyon, cut from a lot of plants
in open ground. The very heavy rains of the
past few days have injured them a little. The
plants from which the buds were cut were planted
in my garden in June 1886; they were small plants
from 2^-inch pots, made a good growth and
produced a fine lot of bloom the first season.
They were planted in a long bed with Anna de
Diesbach. I did not expect they would survive
the winter as the location is very exposed. In
this connection I should state I had four rows in
the bed: the ist, Genl. Jacqueminot; 2d, Safrano ;
3d, Duchess Brabant and Regulus ; 4th, Anna
Diesbach and Etoile de Lyon. The bed had only
a light dressing of coarse manure thrown over
the surface late in fall which was all the protec-
tion the plants had ; the following spring this was
raked off. When pruning the plants last March I
pulled up all the Tea roses except Xhe Safrano and
Etoile de Lyon as they seemed to have survived
the winter better than the other varieties of Tea
roses. The plants were cut close to the ground and
started to grow right along and have given a fine
lot of buds and flowers since last June ; the Etoile
de Lyon plants have given more buds and good
flowers than the Safrano ; the plants received only
ordinary farm culture.

[These flowers were fully equal to the best
grown under glass. — Ed. G. M.]

West Grove, Fa.

326

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

TRANSPLANTING TREES.

BY M. J. NAGEL.

" B." in Baltimore, would like to have the puz-
zle unraveled about tree planting. That many
times in spring well planted trees are dying is the
natural consequence from the effect that trees
taken up in fall or spring, being a few days or a
week on the road, lose part of their vitality ; if
such a tree is planted at once in the open ground
exposed to sun and wind, the balance of Ufe is
evaporating away if the tree is not strong enough
to withstand it. I saved many a hundred trees,
especially small evergreens, by heeling up, cover-
ing with a light cover of sack cloth; in three days
or a week and sometimes two weeks, according
how the weather would be, the trees had made
small roots about half an inch long ; then I knew
the trees had regained their strength to grow, and
I planted on a cloudy day or in the evening,
and seldom lost a tree thus planted. I know a
nurseryman, had shipped trees under the same
conditions as mine, got the trees the same day,
planted at once and about seventy-five per cent.
of his died. I heeled mine up and about ninety-
five per cent, lived. There is no danger from
breaking the small roots by a little careful hand-
ling of the trees, and if a tree or shrub is planted
in this way it is sure of success.

Jefferson City, Mo.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

FLOWER GARDEN NOTES ON SEPTEMBER
NUMBER.

BY W. F. BASSETT.

Why the Trees did not Live, p. 263.— I would
suggest as possible reasons for the difference, a
second exposure in taking out after heeling in ; and
if some days of warm dry weather intervened, it
might make considerable difference ; and another
point may have been in the location ; and still
another, depth of covering.

The Sweet Pea. — Will not succeed here on
account of the hot summers. I have tried them
repeatedly and this season in the shade of a
building, but as soon as extreme hot weather came
they dwindled down and only gave two or three
miserable clusters. My son reports them a failure
in Monmouth County also.

White Everlasting Pea. — This is no new thing
but it is difficult to get, as more than half the seeds
from the white variety come red.

Hamtnonton, N. J.

The Mammoth Sequoia. — Mr. Webster, in
the Garden, speaks of this tree "dwindling
away" in places where they are exposed. In
American gardens, exposed or not, it dwindles
away from the virulent attack of a fungus, Cerco-
spora Sequoiae, and we think it quite likely this is
the trouble in the old world. Not one tree in a
hundred escapes here. Sometimes the tree is
wholly killed before it is three years old, and of
the many hundreds we have known planted only
one exists now.

English Ivy. — A correspondent of Vick's Mag-
azine says this does admirably at Nantucket. It
is probably one of the most lovely of all our
creeping or climbing plants, and is always appre-
ciated even for its classical associations. It does
not like bright warm sun in winter ; wherever this
can be avoided it is perfectly hardy in any part of
the United States.

Bedding Plants. — The Gardeners' Chronicle
notes that the great fancy for bedding plants,
which in England ran wild about a quarter of a
century ago, is dying out, chiefly on account of
its expensiveness ; and left chiefly to parks and
public gardens, where the uncultivated tastes of
the masses get what the masses are willing to pay
for. It says that better effects are obtained by the
use of hardy flowers than were ever obtained by
geraniums, coleus, and such like plants, that re-
quire expensive warmth through winter to bring
them on.

Irruption of New Roses. — Some of the great-
est accessions to the lists of roses were made in
1827, when Noisette, of Paris, sent out thirty-five
new ones, and Manget, of Orleans, twenty-five.
No one would think of sending out that many
novelties in a single year now. Surely the world
is growing more virtuous with age.

The Single Dahlia. — Beautiful as this is, it
has not succeeded in dethroning the old double
kind, which seems to be more popular than ever.

Gladiolus gandavensis. — There has been
no certainty to whom we owe this, the parent of
the beautiful gladiolas we all so much admire.
A correspondent has traced it to a certainty to
Dean Herbert, the famous raiser of AmaryUids.
Dr. Herbert never saw his hybrid flower. It was
named by Van Houtte, gandavensis, who seems to
have been the first to see it flower in that part of
the world.

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

327

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

A Yellow Water Lily. — A true Yellow
Nymphaea, different from N. flava re-discovered
by Mrs. Treat in Florida, has been raised by
chance in a French florist's establishment. It is
called the Canary-flowered water lily.

Hybrid Streptocarpus.— Old gardeners will
remember a plant of the gesneraceous order called
Streptocarpus Rhexi, which never had but one
large leaf, the flowers from the base of this leaf
ending in a curiously twisted long seed vessel.
Mr. Watson, employed in the Kew Gardens, has
produced a race between this and S. parviflora,
and the numerous hybrids seem destined to great
popularity. For the benefit of those who still
cling to the exploded notion that hybrids are
usually sterile, it may be well to note that these
hybrids are very fertile.

We are sorry to note that the authorities of Kew
allow these garden forms to go out under Latin
names.

JONESIA AsocA. — Among some of the genera
allied to the Cassia section of Leguminosas,
Amherstia nobilis, and Poinciana, are amongst
the most rare and beautiful. But Revue Horticole
says that Jonesia Asoca rivals these. The flowers
are in globular compact bunches of a deep orange
at the base, the stamens forming tufts of violet pur-
ple. A delightful perfume is given off from these
brilliant bouquets of flowers. It is a native of the
East Indies, and might be made to thrive in some
of our milder sections. If not already in America
it would be worth introducing for trial.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Fall Grass. — "Subscriber," Baltimore, Md.,
writes : " I enclose sample of grass which comes
up on all very sunny and exposed places on the
lawn from July till killed by frost in the fall.
Please answer in the Monthly the cause."

[In this part of the world this is known as " Fall
Grass." It has probably other names in other
localities. Botanically it is Panicum sanguinale.
It is one of the greatest enemies to a good lawn,
as it destroys every kind of vegetation, taking the
ground wholly to itself. This would be no con-
sequence, rather an advantage, if it were peren-
nial; but, being an annual, there is a bare place
in the spring, and no grass until mid-summer.
The only way to get rid of it is to prevent it from
seeding ; but this is by no means easy, as the

seeds are often produced down in among the
leaves where they can scarcely be seen. It
flourishes best where the soil is damp and rich.
In dry soils the Fescue and Blue grasses will hold
their own and stubbornly refuse to be crowded
out. It may help some to sow these grasses on
the bare spots left by the Fall grass in the spring.
—Ed. G. M.]

Good Dahlias. — "Bryn Mawr" asks, "May
an old subscriber ask the favor of Mr. Editor to
give him, either in the November or December
number of the Monthly, in the order of merit,
the names of twelve of the best large flowering
Dahlias ; also the same number of the small
flowering or Liliputian kind ?"

[There are so many good ones we cannot un-
dertake to give the best, or even place them in
order of preference ; but the following would
make a good selection. If our correspondents
can improve on it we should be glad.

It is pleasant to note that these beautiful autumn
glories are increasing in popularity :

LARGE FLOWERING.

Paritan, Maid of Essex,

John Kirby. Bird ot Passage,

Earl of Radnor, Chang,

Defiance, Alonzo,

Una,

Gold Pheasant,

Capt. Nemo,

Panorama,

SMALL FLOWERING.

Dr. Webh,
William Buchner,
Liliput (Jem,
Theo. Heymann,

Incomparable,
Mrs. Strawbridge,
Hercules,
Mary Keynes.

Ida Fisher,
Little Arthur,
Pearl d' Or,
Venus.

New French Roses.— Our correspondent, Mr.
Jean Sisley, writes that a large number of new
roses have been raised at Lyons last year, some
of which may prove of permanent value. Of
these he believes to be among the best the follow-
ing, raised by Bernaix: Duchesse d' Anerstadt,
Viviand Morel, Souvenir de Madame Metral, all
teas ; and Hybrid Teas, Madame Carle, Pernet
Fils ; the following Teas — Madame Joseph Godier,
and Hybrid Tea, Germaine Caillot, and a dwarf
perpetual Polyantha, George Pernet.

Dubreuil sends out a good forcing kind called
Princesse de Sagan,

The Duchesse is yellow, with a darker centre.
Vivian is a free blooming dark rose. Mrs.
Godier is a new shade of yellowish rose and
pretty. The Princess is also unique in its shade of
bright crimson. Souvenir is a cherry red, and will
make a good climber. Madame Carle is a vivid
crimson. Germaine, pink with a yellowish centre.

Bernaix also sends out a hybrid perpetual,
Souvenir de Madame Faure, a bright light crim-
son, slightly shaded purple, and which has a re-
I markably pleasant odor.

328

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[November,

Sulphur on Vegetation. — " H. M. H.,"
Watertown, N. Y., writes : " I would be pleased
to have your opinion of the probable effect of the
gas from burning sulphur, considerable in amount,
on the foliage of apple trees. We have an apple
tree, a ' Duchess,' standing where the gas from a
brick-kiln strikes it four rods away, and we notice
that after each burning the leaves become spotted
with brown and drop off. We are inclined to lay
the cause to the gas, but can find no record of
experiments in this direction."

[When sulphur is burned in a greenhouse it
destroys fohage. The leaves turn black and
drop. Animal life would also be destroyed under
these circumstances. In the open air the sulphur
would be so diluted that it would probably not be
destructive. If animals could stand it we think
plants could.

The description of the injured leaves seems
more like the work of fungus than of sulphur. —
Ed. G. M.]

Fine Verbenas. — Mr. D. K. Herr, Lancaster,
Pa., sends samples of a large number of seedling
verbenas, that are particularly large and fine.
They were planted three by eight, filling a long
three feet wide border.

The verbena has been singularly successful in
most places this year, showing no trace so far as
we have seen of the disease that so disheartened
cultivators a few years ago.

It is a pleasure to note that these beautiful old-
timers are giving us so much pleasure again.

Nemastylis ccelestina. — In reference to this
beautiful blue flower of the Iris family, a corre-
spondent says the flowers are two inches and
sometimes three inches in diameter. The inner
course of petals are only an inch across the

flower ; but the purple sepals are really a part of
the flower, and make it two inches over. We
should be glad to know whether Florida has any
common name for this pretty wild flower.

Spiraea venusta —Mr. Momme, Wallingford,
Pa., writes : " Permit me to say that Spiraea ve-
nusta is not a distinct species, but a garden-sport
of Spiraea lobata.

The difference is as you say in the petals and
stamens, the color of which is of a light rose in
the Spiraea lobata, and of a purple rose in the
Spiraea venusta, and the latter is of a stronger
habit. Mr. Burgevin will find a description in
Vilmorin's '' lUustrirte Blumen-Gaertnerei," by Dr.
J. Groenlaud and Th. Ruempler, Secretary-Gen-
eral of the Horticultural Society of Erfurt ; pub-
lished at Berlin, 1873; Vol. I., page 1159, No. 3,
Spiraea lobata var. venusta Hortsmun.

Variegated American Elder— Sambucus
Canadensis.— Mr. John F. Clark, Maud P. O.,
Bucks Co., Pa., says : " I discovered a beautiful
form of^variegated elder, recently, growing along
the roadside about one mile from here. The
plant was exposed to full sunlight, and seemed
perfectly healthy. The foliage was beautifully
mottled with yellow and white. As the elders are
easily grown from both hard and soft wood, I
took several of them home, which I hope to raise."

MiNA lobata. — In a note Mr. John F. Clark
says: " Last spring I purchased a packet of the
'charming half-hardy Mexican Climbing An-
nual.' The packet contained six seeds. Five of
them germinated, and grew up to be nice plants
before they were set out. They were planted out
in May, and they continued to grow until it cov-
ered the allotted space. But at this writing it
stands ' blossomless, fruitless, and in solitude.' "

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Flowers are pretty, and plants are pretty, and
there is considerable pleasure to be derived from
growing them — but it is well to stop and think
awhile on how much of pleasure we owe to taste
in arrangement. One would believe no one
objects to this, that everyone knows instinct-
ively that some arrangement is necessary. No

one would certainly leave plants or cut flowers in
the windows or on the tables just as they are
thrown down. They must be put together some
way so that they may be, by their very arrange-
ment, made beautiful. But every day's experi-
ence shows that it is profitable to stop and think ;
for, though everybody instinctively feels arrange-
ment desirable, not one in a dozen draws half the
beauty from floral adornments that good arrange-

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

329

ment is capable of affording. It does not seem to
be understood that there are principles in beauty.
It is not correct, as people sometimes argue, that
the impression of beauty is a mere notion and
that what is pretty in one person's eye is ugly in
another's. It has been so argued even by eminent
persons. Addison once gave a sarcastic essay on
beauty by a fancy sketch of a nation of people
with whom no lady was handsome who had not
goitre on the neck. The larger the swelling the

A Tasteful Wreath.

prettier. The more severe the mumps the more
beauty.

But the slavery of fashion is wholly another thing
from a perception of beauty. Take any thing
outside of that which has not been tampered with
by fashion, and put it to a vote of unprejudiced
observers, and ninety per cent, will vote on one
side that it is or is not beautiful. Now such an
agreement can only be from some underlying
principle which forces such an agreement, and
these principles form what is known as the science
of beauty.

We give in illustration of our remarks, a
wreath, the cut of which has been kindly loaned

to us for the purpose by August Rolker & Sons, of
New York, who make a specialty of furnishing
florists* supplies. We are quite sure ninety in a
hundred would pronounce it a model of beauty.
We are as sure that scores of wreaths made up by
persons every day would not be pronounced by
ten in a hundred to have any special beauty.
There must be some reason for this. Let us ex-
amine ? There is a somewhat circular outline
which is pleasing in most things— yet a pure circle
is monotonous. It is a great
point that, though regular
in outline, it is not monot-
onously so. The roses
chosen to ornament the
wreath— flowers with a cir-
cular outline — are in har-
mony with the outline of
the wreath ; and yet the
slight irregularity of the
wreath's outline is not for-
gotten by the smaller size
of the roses as the work
progresses. The heaviest
flowers are in the heaviest
portions of the wreath, as
are the heavier rose leaves,
and the heavier foliage of
the Sago palm from which
the wreath proper is made.
The cutting up of the frond
into numerous pinnules
gives the whole a grace it
could never possess if it
were but a uniform solid
face— and simply because
it breaks u p monotony.
But the pinnules are not
formed in exactly parallel
lines. They all taper by
graceful curves to a point, besides curving them-
selves. It is rarely that we find such a multitude
of points of beauty developed in one object as we
find here, and think no better illustration of the
true principles of the beautiful science could be
found anywhere. ,

Those of us who are endeavoring to increase
human pleasure by encouraging gardening are
often met with the question, what is the use of it
all ? They regard money spent on flowers or in
similar work in ornamental gardening as absolutely
thrown away. They have no idea of sentiment.
The school-boy, who in response to the request to
"define mouth" replied that it was "a hole in the

33°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

face to stuff pie in " would no doubt grow into a
grand recruit for this class of people. They have
no doubt all descended from those who objected
to the costly ointment that was spread over the
Saviour's feet. Perhaps the boy may learn that
there is much more of sentiment about the mouth
than stuffing it with pie. The mouth may furnish
lips for kissing as well as a throat for swallowing,
and he will not stop to ask " what is the use " of
the oscultory act.

Peter Osbeck, writing an account of his voyage
to China, in 1757, says in his quaint old way :

" We are used to ask what a thing is good for?
And often rashly think that alone useful which
serves for medicine, cloaths, and food ; as if
the eye had no claim to its gratifications, and as
if what is agreeable was not connected with what
is useful. The dresses and utensils of distant
countries are admired and carefully collected —
why should not then the works of the Creator
deserve at least an equal share of attention ? "

And we feel quite sure that we in the gardening
way, who have labored for so many years since
old Osbeck wrote, will feel encouraged to go on,
with the support which such excellent sentiments

give.

«->-»

COMMUNICATIONS.

WATERING PLANTS.
BY MANSFIELD MILTON.

No operation in the greenhouse requires more
care and good judgment than watering, especially
where there is a general collection of plants, some
of which require an abundance of moisture at all
times, while alongside there is a plant probably
requiring to be kept on the dry side. A single
thermometer can govern a house full of plants as
to temperature, but, it requires with watering indi-
vidual attention. The soil may be suitable, the
light, heat and ventilation all that is necessary ; if
the treatment with regard to water has not been
properly and timely attended to disappointment
shall be the result.

We are apt to look upon the soil or the tempera-
ture as being the essentials to the successful
culture of plants ; often questions are asked rela-
tive to these two requirements, but how seldom do
we hear the watering inquired about ; everybody
appears to think they can supply water according
to the plant's requirements, but this is a mistake.
The most successful gardeners and florists in the
country to-day, are those who give the closest

attention to watering, and while they cannot de-
scribe orally or in writing the exact conditions lor
successful watering, they look upon it as the base
of their success.

The geographical distribution of plants should
be one of the main studies of the successful
gardener, so that the natural conditions in their
native habitats be known. We also want to
know the conditions of moisture, atmospheric and
otherwise, the daily and nightly temperatures,
their seasons, and how long the plants rest. It is
not enough to know that a plant comes from a
certain country, as altitude makes a wonderful
difference as regards atmospheric conditions.
Take some of our cool growing orchids, from the
high altitudes of Central America, and try to grow
them in the same conditions as regards tempera-
ture and humidity that are found on the sea-level
in that country, and failure would be the result.

Although in a good many cases we can improve
the conditions of plants by departing from their
natural state as regards soil and temperature, still
the same degree of humidity should be closely
adhered to.

A general knowledge of vegetable physiology
to the gardener is the light which successfully
pilots him through the dark avenues of difficulties,
which are continually being met while endeavor-
ing to cultivate plants collected from almost every
point of the universe. How is this knowledge to
be acquired but by studying the works of men
who have given it their special study.

The Gardeners' Monthly is the only period-
ical in the country from which any light on veg-
etable physiology can be obtained ; if there is
another please give me the name of it.

I do not mean to say but that there have been,
and are still, men who are very successful garden-
ers and florists who could not tell you anything
scientifically about plants, but these same men are
practicing and demonstrating by their practice the
true requirements of plant life, which have been
acquired by years of close study and observation.
Youngstown, Ohio, September 12, 1887.

CALANTHE VESTITA.

BY CHAS. E. PARNELL.

The clothed Calanthe, Calanthe vestita, is in
my opinion one of the most handsome species of
Calanthe in cultivation. It is a fine terrestrial or-
chid, and was discovered growing near Moulmein
in 1846 by Mr. Lobb, a collector in the employ-
ment of Messrs. Veitch & Son, London, England.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

33«

The leaves are radical, from twelve to sixteen
inches in length, and of a pale green color, and
the delicate yet beautiful flowers are produced on
terminal, upright spikes from six to ten inches in
length, and they are well covered with large
flowers of a delicate pure white, stained in the
center with rich, deep crimson, the striking con-
trast rendering the flowers extremely interesting.
It is a species that is easily cultivated, growing in
a compost of sandy peat and leaf mould. The
pot or pan should be at least half filled with
drainage, and this should be well covered with
moss before the plant or the compost is placed
therein.

This Calanthe must be grown in a light, airy
part of the house to perfect the full development
of its flowers, as well as to color them good.
The plants require to be carefully watered, and
should never be saturated at their roots. Give a
moderate supply only. When dormant give a
temperature of about 55° and keep the plants
rather dry. When growing give more water, and
if possible a higher temperature, from 60° to 70°.
Propagation is effected by a careful division of
the plant at the root. The generic name is de-
rived from " Kalos," beautiful, and "anthos."a
flower. Queens, N. V.

ORCHIDS IN SEPTEMBER AT THE UNITED
STATES BOTANIC GARDENS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

This is not a time of the year when one would
expect many orchids in bloom ; still I found a
good many very interesting and beautiful to look
at in a walk through the plants at the Botanic
Gardens last week.

I was glad to renew my acquaintance with the
lovely little Cypripedium niveum. It is a dwarf-
growing variety with pretty foliage. The flowers
have a peculiar satiny hue, are white on the in-
side, and prettily marked.

Cypripedium Stonei makes stems two feet high,
and bears three or four lovely flowers on each.
It lasts long in beauty and requires but little care.

Of Brassias I found a goodly number in bloom,
although not so brilliant in color as others of the
orchid family. I think these spider orchids are
very interesting. They last long in perfection,
and are very useful at this season.

I also found a very beautiful form of Cattleya
GaskeUiana, darker than the type, with flowers
five inches across.

Aerides odoratum majus, with great long spikes

of flowers, was diffusing its fragrance through the
house as usual.

Also Aerides Lobbii, with long, branching
stems and numerous flowers, in which rosy pink
and white predominate.

Dendrobeum Dearii is one of the very best
white flowering dendrobes in cultivation, and if
let alone will bloom pretty much all the time. It
makes both terminal and lateral racemes of
bloom, from both old and new stems. The indi-
vidual flowers are butterfly-like, nearly three
inches across, and last several weeks in good
condition. It is highly prized by cultivators as an
exhibition plant. Washingion, D. C.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Rose, American Beauty.— In order to correct
some misconceptions on the part of the author of
the following. Canon Girdlestone, we give it en-
tire from the Garden :

"There has been a good deal of discus-
sion lately as to the identity (or otherwise)
of the so-called Hybrid Tea American Beauty
with a French Hybrid Perpetual of some ten
years' standing. The question was first mooted
in the May issue of the Journal des Roses, by
Fr. Harms, of Hamburgh, in an article written to
prove that American Beauty was nothing more
nor less than H. P. Madame Ferdinand Jamain
(Ledechaux, 1875). An indignant denial of the
charge was naturally expected from America, but
instead of this there seems to be a tendency to ad-
mit the truth of Fr. Harms' statement, and also
to defend the proceeding of distributing an old
rose as something new.

"Mr. D. M. Dunning, in an article on the sub-
ject in the current number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, says : 'That the prominent florists in
Washington who are thoroughly conversant with
the circumstances of its (American Beauty's) re-
puted origin there, have, ever since its introduc-
tion, had very grave doubts as to its being an
American seedling ;' and the editor of the Gar-
deners' Monthly, commenting on Mr. Dun-
ning's article, says : ' Suppose it (American
Beauty) was an old rose, no one knew that it had
any merit. We hold that a man who discovers a
new merit is as much entitled to reward as one
who discovers a new rose.' From all which it
seems reasonable to suppose that American
Beauty is only Madame Ferdinand Jamain re-
edited, and the whole matter is well summed up
by Mr. D. M. Dunning when he says, 'The dis-
covery of its excellent forcing qualities was un-
doubtedly the principal cause of its rapid intro-
duction into this country (America), as, aside
from its superb fragrance, it is not to many people
an attractive rose.' That is the worst of it, for it
is absolutely immaterial to growers in this
country whether it be really Madame Ferdi-

332

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

nand Jamain or truly American Beauty ; whether
it be an old Hybrid Perpetual or a new Hy-
brid Tea; whether, in fact, it be a fresh
seedling, or an old variety so long discarded
that it could be safely brought forward again
without much risk of being immediately recog-
nized ; for, whatever it may be called, the fact,
unfortunately, remains that it is one of the least
attractive roses in existence. Of a dreary pur-
plish color, almost entirely lacking in form or fin-
ish, and with only a moderate habit of growth, its
one good quality of fragrance does not redeem it
from being almost the ugliest rose in cultivation.
Already certain nurserymen have been heard
suggesting that at least the name should be
changed from American Beauty to the Yankee
Beast, and as it obviously will never be grown in
this country, it is not very material whether it be
really a novelty or a revival. If it is Madame
Ferdinand Jamain, it is easy to see why that va-
riety was so promptly discarded ; if it is a new
seedling, it will not on that account remain in cul-
tivation. It may be useful as a rose to force un-
der glass, because W. F. Bennett, which will do
nothing out of doors, is said to be valuable for
that purpose (although it has never been our good
fortune to see attractive blooms even of that vari-
ety), but out of doors Madame American Ferdi-
nand Beauty Jamain is utterly worthless.

"The following remark, with which Mr. D. M.
Dunning concludes his article, shall serve as a
peg on which shortly to hang a few notes on a
subject which has been receiving a good deal of
attention of lat-i years : ' Have we not already
many roses with excellent qualities slumbering
among the ranks of the discarded ? Would it not
be profitable to expend a portion of the time and
energy now so freely given to the production of
new varieties towards investigating the merits of
some of the old ?'

"Although public opinion is seldom wrong in
its ultimate estimate of merit, yet there are two
excuses for trying to upset the verdict of our pre-
decessors in certain cases; first, that many roses
that flourish in one locality or country do nothing
in another, and that, therefore, if they have not
been widely tried, they may possibly never have
had a fair chance ; secondly, that as the bases
upon which the merits of flowers have been esti-
mated are liable to change, there may survive,
among discarded varieties, some roses which, by
existing canons of taste, would prove highly de-
sirable. Thus, while it cannot reasonably be ex-
pected that among roses which growers generally
have decided to be worthless there will be found
many of great beauty or value, still it is not im-
possible that a few may be shown to deserve a
better position than has ever been allowed them."

So far as we know, there has been no tendency
to admit the truth of Mr. Harms' statement, ex-
cept on the ground of courtesy to Mr. Harms.
For our part, we have our doubts of the identity
ofthetwo, but no one will want to indignantly
deny till the exact comparison is made. No one
has ever stated that it was a seedling. There has

been no attempt to create the impression that it
was. That it was simply found growing without
a name in a Washington garden has been publicly
announced from the first.

It is evident that Canon Girdlestone wholly
misconceives the points at issue. He argues that
it will never be popular as an out-of-door rose.
No one here ever said it would be.

But the undisputed fact is, that it not only will
be, but actually is, one of the most popular of
roses in America for cutting purposes in winter,
and that it promises to long continue so.

The verdict of our predecessors on this point
has never been taken.

Surely Mr. Girdlestone can see the difference.

Ornamenting A Grape Dish.— The Philadel-
phia Public Ledger advises to set purple and gold
flowers around the black and white grapes in the
dish.

The Large Vanda Sanderiana. — At a recent
sale of orchids in New York interest centered in a
beautiful specimen of the Vanda Sanderiana, said
to be the largest in the world. It was brought
from India in 1880 to London, and sold to the late
Mrs. Morgan for 400 guineas. At the Morgan
sale it was purchased by Mr, Osborn for $900. It
sold for I470.

Hot Water Circulation.— Mr, James Dun-
can Raynolds, of Riverside, Illinois, makes a
very intelligent criticism in the American Florist
on all that has been written about hot-water pipes
flowing up or down hill, and thus sums up his
conclusions ; " To recapitulate, it seems that to
secure the best circulation the following are the
proper conditions : (i) Set the heater as far below
level of greenhouse flow as possible, (2) Carry
the pipes at once to the highest level intended,
and keep them high, letting all the fall be a verti-
cal one on returning to the heater. (3) See that
air vents are provided wherever a downward turn
is made."

Another Large Sago Palm.— Though not
exactly west of the Mississippi, it is so near the
line that it is worth noting, that the Memphis
Floral Co. have two Sago Palms, on one of which
at the present time there are one hundred and one
leaves.

Purple Beech Leaves with Cut Flowers. —
The Philadelphia Public Ledger says :

" The leaves of the copper beech are made up
with corsage bouquets of Niphetos roses. Sheaves
of roses, tied around with their natural stems like
a standing sheaf of wheat, are the newest fancy
for center piece decoration to the table,"

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

333

} Stephanotis floribunda.— Wm. Lyne says:
" In an article sent you and published in Gar-
DENERs' Monthly for September, I described my

ted as saying: 'Mr. Lyne says by exposing the
plant to the full, effects of the air and sun the
mealy bugs are kept off entirely, and no mealy

Philodendron Andreanum. (See description, page 334.)

treatment of Stephanotis floribunda, and confined
myself to that plant in particular. Mr. Albert
Momme queries in October number, and is quo-

bug need apply.' I do not wish to be understood
as saying or using such language as that quoted.
But I do say, that since the plant was placed out

334

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

of doors to take its chances in the full glare of the
sun, it has revived and assumed a very healthy
appearance for two seasons. It has been kept for
two winters in a house badly infested with mealy
bugs. I have just examined it at this writing, as
it stands in its winter quarters, and find it entirely
free from the pest, all of which I attribute solely
to its robust, healthy condition ; hence my re-
mark, ' No mealy bugs need apply.'

" In relation to the Editor's foot-note regarding
the heavy rains washing off the insects, that
would hardly apply with us this last summer, as
the plant and vegetation in general had scarcely
enough rain all summer to wash the dust off.

" For the information of Mr. Momme, I will state
that our plants, when set out for the summer, are
not troubled with mealy bugs. The trouble with
us commences after the plants are taken in."

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Philodendron Andreanum (see cut, p. 333). —
The Aroids now so generally under culture are
everywhere appreciated for their singular fohage,
which often has the added interest of striking
tints and markings. A lovely bronzy tinted one
has recently been brought out by Messrs. Veitch
& Son, which we desire to introduce to our read-
ers, and have obtained from these gentlemen the
following account of it :

"A striking Aroid, first discovered by M. Andre,
of Paris, and subsequently introduced by us direct
from New Granada ; it is by far the finest species
of Philodendron for decorative purposes ever
brought under cultivation. Its stately foHage
when fully developed may be compared, for size
and effectiveness, with that of Anthurium Veitchii
and A. Warocqueanum.

"The cordi form-lanceolate leaves are deflected
vertically from a robust erect footstalk, and attain
a length of four to five feet. When first expanded
on the young plant they are of a decided scarlet
tinge shaded with brown, when a little older they
become a bronzy red-brown before finally chang-
ing to the normal bright velvety green of the ma-
ture leaves. Through all these changes the colors
are relieved and enhanced by the white midrib
and nerves that branch from it.

" We received the award of a First Class Cer-
tificate for this plant at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Show at Liverpool, in June, 1886, under
the name of Philodendron grandidens, where it
formed one of the principal attractions of the
group of plants exhibited by us. We also re-
ceived a Certificate of Merit for it from the Royal
Botanic Society two years previous under the
same name."

We may add that the name " Philodendron "
signifies "a lover of trees," over which some
species in tropical countries love to climb.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening,

COMMUNICATIONS.

l>OOR SEEDS.

BY T. O N.

Many seeds are enclosed in a shell or outer
covering that becomes harder and harder as the
age increases. The germ may retain its original
vitality for many years, but in proportion as there
is more or less difficulty in breaking the shell, the
growth at first will be more or less feeble. The
older the seed the nearer the surface it should be
planted, as, if planted deep, the effort to break the
shell and the additional effort to get through the
soil will exhaust the strength of the young plant to
such a degree as to unfit it to contend with the

elements above the surface. That is the reason
why many flower seeds are sown only on the sur-
face. Before sowing Osage orange seed of any
age, it is best to start it by mixing with sand wet
with warm water, and keep it in a warm place un-
til the germ breaks through the shell.

The manner of saving seeds and the atmos-
pheric conditions that prevail at the time, has much
to do with the after growth. The shell of new
seeds is sometimes as hard as seeds two or three
years old, and the latter may germinate quicker
than the former. I have known of a fine crop of
Ruta-bagas produced from seed nine years old,
Osage orange seed five years old, grow compara-
tively free, and fresh seed of the same not grow
at all. There is no radical rule or guide to deter-

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

335

mine what will grow. Fresh seeds are more
likely to grow than older seeds, but do not always.
In the case of cucumber, squash, melon, etc.,
gardeners prefer to sow older seeds, for the reason
that the growth of vine is not so vigorous and the
fruit hkely to be better than from new seed. Any
one who has had much to do with the growing or
testing of seeds must come to the conclusion that
"there is a Divinity that shapes our ends, rough
hew them as we may." Philadelphia.

[The above is from the pen of one who has had
a wide range of experience on the subject of
which it treats. If any additional force could be
given to it, it might be noted that those who are
experts in raising rare tree or flower seeds, and
have only a few choice ones at hand, usually file
or cut through with a sharp knife the shells before
sowing. Seeds of Victoria regia are rarely suc-
cessful unless treated in this way. — Ed. G. M.]

KELSEY PLUM.

BY PROFESSOR H. E. VAN DEMAN.

By the October number of your magazine, I see
that the Editor states that this fruit is only a variety
of Prunus domestica, and that " the Japanese have
no native plum that is fit to eat." Now this seems
to me a grave mistake. As to Kelsey, 1 have seen
the trees growing in the southern part of the
United States, and have seen and eaten the fruit,
and have specimens of it in my office here at thie
time. If there is a difference between P. chicasa
and P. Americana, then there is a difference be-
tween P. domestica and the species to which the
Kelsey belongs, although there is doubt as to its
name. The flowers of all these species are not
widely dififerent, but their other characteristics are
enough so to make many species. And so it is
with Kelsey, for the leaves, bark, fruit, and form
of the tree, are decidedly peculiar.

It has been my privilege to frequently talk
about Japanese plums with Mr. Tamari, who is a
thorough student of botany and practical horti-
culture, and a native of Japan, and he stated
plainly that this plum is a variety of a native
species and that it did not belong to P. domestica,
but to a species which he thought should be called
P. hattan or hadan. He said it was hardy only
in southern Japan, and we know that it has
repeatedly winter-killed even in northern Texas
and similar latitudes in the United States. If
friend Meehan knows of varieties of P. domestica
that are semi-tropical let him tell us.

Mr. Tamari told me of other species of Prunus

only native in Japan, to which varieties belong
that are not only scientifically distinct, but bearing
fruit of sweet and delicious flavor. One such
variety has been this year fruited by Luther Bur-
bank, at Santa Rosa, Cal., which is red to the
stone.

All the varieties of P. mume are only fit for

pickling ; and, as is well known, we have native

species here of this genus that are equally bad.

Bureau of Pomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

Washington, D. C.

[We have had no opportunity to examine botan-
ically, plants of the Japan Plums. Plants bought
by the Editor have died in the winter, afifording
no chance to see- foliage or flower. The state-
ment that they were varieties of P. domestica was
made on the authority of communications in other
magazines.

The Department of Agriculture has an intelli-
gent Botanical Division — and if there is any
native species of plum in Japan capable of giving
such improved forms as these, that department
should be able to furnish the information, without
the Editor or his correspondents guessing at it. —
Ed. G. M.]

IRREGULAR RUSSET IN FRUIT.
BY W. B. CARR.

I have a remarkable statement which I wish to
present to you and your readers, and for the lit-
eral truth of which I hold myself responsible. I
present it solely in the interest of science.

A friend of mine (whose name shall be given
on call) living at Irene, Loudon Co., Virginia,
had, in the fall of 1879, a dwarf pear tree, very
thrifty to all appearance, but which had never
borne fruit. At my suggestion he took a spade
and in a circle of about three feet radius severed
the lateral roots, thus checking growth to promote
fruitfulness.

The operation was highly successful. In 1880
the tree bore a crop of, I suppose, not less than
two bushels of nice Bartlett pears. But the re-
markable part of the story remains to be told.

Every pear, without an exception, so far as I
know, borne that year by that tree, as if in retali-
ation, was marked with a conspicuous zone or
band, traced by nature quite around its equator,
nearly a quarter of an inch wide, and of a peculiar
drab or russet color, strangely contrasting with
the bright green of the remaining surface.

You will wish, no doubt, to know the subsequent
history of this tree. Together with some half

336

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

dozen trees, similar in age and kind, in or near
the same small inclosure, it languished in the year
1881 and died outright in 1882. This tree alone,
of all the number, was subjected to the treatment
of root-pruning, and it alone bore the banded fruit.

If the facts now given appear strange or incred-
ible I have only to say that they can be verified
by six or eight hving creditable witnesses. I
offer no explanation of these singular phenomena,
but I sincerely and earnestly ask that, if any of
your readers have any well-attested facts bearing
upon this curious subject, they will kindly report
them to the undersigned.

1131 gth street, n. w., Washington, D. C.

[The production of russet in fruit, whether
wholly or partially covering them, has never been
made a matter of special study, so far as we know,
yet it presents a very inviting field for original re-
search. We only know, in a general way, that
russet is formed by the destruction of the outer
cuticle ; the inner one, when exposed to the atmos-
phere, becoming brown. This roughness of skin
can readily be detected by examining the russet
with a pocket lens. We have seen apples on
trees near bon-fires, where the fire was not near
enough to materially injure the apple, injuring
only the outer cuticle, have russet on the exposed
sides ; and it is not uncommon in orchards to find
apples russety some seasons that are wholly free
at others. Just why these things are so, we have
never met with any intelligent reason, though
guesses are plenty— even some very intelligent
persons sometimes guessing that it comes from
cross-fertilization, and is to be taken as evidence
that there is an immediate influence of pollen on
fruit.

In regard to the present case, we have seen the
drab or russet color on the ends of pears that
should normally be light yellow, but not in a
regular zone round the middle, as described here.
No root-pruning had anything to do with those
cases, nor could it have here.

Though, as we have said, there has been no solu-
tion afforded worthy of being styled scientific,
there is some good reason to believe that similar
processes are at work to those which operate on
the bark of trees. The skin of an apple is but
modified bark, and in many apples there are
small spots, as there are small spots in young
bark. In bark they are known as suber or cork-
cells. In time these develop, and just as they de-
velop the bark peels ofT. In the cherry and birch
they de\^elop laterally, and hence the bark peels
off in rings or circles. In the shell-bark hickory,

silver maple and buttonwood tree, they develop in
such a manner that the bark peels off in thick
flakes. In the beech they are so fine and slender
that they operate only under the outer cuticle,
which comes off like cob-webs continually, so that
the tree has never rough and scaly bark.

The great probability is that the russet in the
apple is produced by some such process. It may
work round a fruit as described by our corres-
pondent, as it does in the bark of the cherry or
birch, or irregularly, as in other trees.

We have simply tried our hands at a guess as
to the cause in this instance, hoping that any one
who has made the matter one of close scientific
observation will give us a more definite solution
of the curious case.

NOTES ON GRAPES.

BY D. M. DUNNING.

This has been an unusually good year for grapes,
and a small vineyard of 150 vines comprising 34
varieties, planted in the spring of 1885, largely for
experimental purposes, has given so much interest
and satisfaction to the writer that it is thought a
few notes in reference to the better varieties, may
be of interest to others.

At the same time a lean-to-vinery with heating
apparatus was erected for the cultivation of the
foreign varieties, which was extended the following
year. It is 114 feet long, divided into three apart-
ments, has 32 vines and 17 varieties.

It has been very successful, some bunches the
present year weighing as high as four pounds, and
fond hopes are entertained of a bunch or two
next year at least twice as heavy.

The first hardy grapes to ripen this year were
Moore's Early, which was ripe and gone early in
August. It was followed soon by the Herbert,
Worden, Brighton, Empire State, Lindley, and by
the first week in September at least a dozen kinds
were in good eating condition. The long warm
season since has ripened the latest of them, of
which Goethe and Lady Washington, now, Octo-
ber 3, bring up the rear. These are two of the
most beautiful kinds, almost as good in quality as
the foreigners, some clusters of the Lady Wash-
ington, weighing over a pound.

Catawba and lona are perfectly ripened, though
not as fine in quality as I have seen them on
Seneca Lake. But no matter how well ripened,
either of these varieties, there is always a slight
astringency when the seeds are removed, not
pleasant to every one.

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

337

The Delaware alone of the 34 varieties planted
has not yet fruited. The vines have made a strong
growth ; perhaps the ground was too rich, plenty
of manure, ground bone, and wood ashes were
used. For the purpose of comparing a few of the
best of the early varieties of hardy grapes a small
gathering of amateur horticulturists were assem-
bled about the 15th of September, all of whom
were enthusiastic over grape culture. The vari-
eties presented were of :

Foreign. — Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Ham-
burgh, and Black Hamburgh.

Native. — Agawam, Brighton, Empire State, Ni-
agara, Herbert, Lindley, Martha, Lady, Barry,
Wilder, Duchess, Worden, and Salem.

All the varieties had been carefully grown,
under the most favorable conditions, and were
labeled as gathered to prevent any possible con-
fusion.

A general good time was enjoyed for a half
hour or more, eating, admiring and comparing
grapes and experiences, when on summing up, the
prevailing opinion seemed to be as follows: In
the three foreign varieties little difference in qual-
ity was discerned.

The Muscats were of course higher flavored
and perhaps a little finer in quality, but the Black
Hamburgh was considered good enough for any
one.

Among the native varieties I surprised my
friends by the superior quality of the Brighton,
which was pronounced by all, decidedly better
than any other of its class, and fully equal to any
of the foreign varieties. On the other natives
some differences of opinion arose, but the general
opinion would seem to range the next five as
follows : Empire State, Duchess, Herbert, Lindley
and Worden. Greater differences of opinion
arose over the Niagara than any other, some
being enthusiastic in its praise, and others dis.
liking it on account of its strong musky flavor.

I think too much cannot be said in favor of the
Brighton grape. It is perfectly hardy, a strong
healthy grower, bearing freely of large beautiful
bujiches and large berries. The seeds separate
from the pulp when eaten, and when ripe there is
not the slightest trace of acid, so that it can be
eaten by invalids, and persons with sensitive
digestive organs, as freely as any of the foreign
varieties. It is early and hangs well, but should
be bagged to keep it from the birds. The speci-
mens presented were bagged when about half
grown. This does not injure the quality in the least,
but delays the period of ripening perhaps a week.

The Empire State is a new white grape of fine
quality, and a strong grower, but has not yet
given me any but small or straggling bunches. I
hope it will improve in this as the vines grow
older. The Duchess is a delicious grape of deli-
cate organization, not desirable except in the
hands of experienced cultivators.

The Herbert I find some two weeks earlier than
any other of the black Rogers, coming between
Moore's Early and Worden, and is very desirable
in every respect. I am surprised at the Herbert,
and shall plant more of it. Barry and Wilder
very much alike, are full two weeks later and not
as large clusters nor so good in quality as Herbert.

Of the three red Rogers, Lindley, Salem and
Agawam, the Lindley is the earliest and best,
giving long beautiful bunches ; skin thinner than
the others, berries medium, sweet and good.

Salem is the darkest in color, skin very thick,
bunches medium, berries very large, sweet but
somewhat pulpy.

Agawam is about half way between the two
above in many respects ; bunch large and under
good cultivation only is it solid and full.

Worden is as superior to Concord as the latter
is to Clinton or Hartford. It is early and one of
the best.

Lady and Martha are two very good white
grapes, the former some ten days earlier, other-
wise quite similar. They have a strong flavor
bordering on the Niagara, and probably cannot
hold a place with that variety, which will at least
double them in quantity.

What a great boon to the people is the improved
varieties of hardy native grapes now grown. My
early recollections of grapes are that they were
sour, colicky things, requiring the sharp appetite of
a robust boy to call them good, and scarce at that.

Now they are sweet, wholesome and good, and
can be had in abundance by any one who has a
square rod of ground and the energy to plant a
few vines of the better varieties. Auburn, N. V.

NOTES ON SEPTEMBER NUMBER.
BY W. F. BASSETT.

Early Peaches, p. 268. — When Amsden's June,
Alexander, etc., were first ofTered, it was claimed
that they would not rot like Hale's Early, but I
have a nice thrifty tree of the Amsden, large
enough to bear a bushel, and did not save a single
peach from it. E. Rivers is claimed to be free
from rot, but a neighbor says he planted quite a
number and all the fruit rots.

338

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

Early Pears. — Doyenne d'Ete is planted here for
very early and is better than Madeleine. Osband's
Summer is much better than either, but a little
later, and B. Giffard still a little later but very
much superior in flavor, but a slow and uncertain
grower. If the Wilder is equal to Giffard in flavor,
as early as Doyenne de Ete, and larger and at the
same time succeeds generally, it will be a very
great acquisition, but only a few varieties do this,
and the majority are only of local value.

Poor Seeds. — I have often observed the differ-
ence in time required for new and old seeds to
vegetate, and in one instance made quite a fair
success with old onion seed by scalding it, or per-
haps I should say pouring hot water on it, before
planting.

Tap Roots. — Mr. Douglas' excellent article
deserves a careful reading, and there are some
points which should be especially noted by those
who think spontaneous growth occurs where no
seeds could exist.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Fruit-growing at Jerusalem.— Mr. H. C.
Hart says in the Transactions of the Royal Irish
Academy :

" One of the most showy of all the flowers is
Anemone coronaria, which Canon Tristram thinks
is the real ' Lily of the Field.' Another familiar
plant, Ranuculus Asiaticus, much resembles it,
and a showy bulb is Sternbergia macrantha with
its great golden blossoms.

"Jerusalem, 2400 feet above sea level, has a
mild climate compared with most of the plateau
sub-region. The Date Palm, though not a native
nor able to ripen its fruit, can exist, one well-
known tree illustrating the fact. The Prickly
Pear is naturalized. Olives, Apricots, Grapes,
Tomatoes and Figs thrive well around Jerusalem,
but Oranges, Lemons, Bread and Water Melons
will not, although ripening their fruit at Jaffa.
Apples, Pears and Strawberries have all failed,
while Nectarines and Pomegranates grow well.
At Marsaba, in the courtyard of the convent, is an
old Date tree said to have been planted A. D.
490; the most evident point of interest seems to
be the fact of its producing seedless or stoneless
fruits."

Poetical Allusions to Pears. — In Mr.
Rivers' paper on Pears, pubhshed recently the
lecturer notes that Shakespeare only mentions
this fruit once (" Merry Wives of Windsor,"
n. 5), but in • Winter's Tale,' n. 2, the poet men-
lions Wardens—

I must have saffron to color Warden pies—
and Wardens were undoubtedly cooking Pears

(cf. Bacon, "Essay xlvi."). Again, Mr. Rivers
asserts that Herrick does not mention thi§ fruit.
Surely he never can have looked through that
poet's " Hesperides ?" I find no less than seven
separate allusions there to Pears, and he, besides
Sir John Suckling, has immortalized the Katha-
rine Pear —

So Cherries blush and Katherine Pears.

—Th". Maiden's Blush, ''Hesperides."

Herrick also mentions the Warden —

Of roasted Warden or baked Pear.

—To Phillis, ''Hesperides."

And to a Christmas custom, in which the Pear is

alluded to —

Wassail the trees that they may hear
You many a Plum and many a Pear.

— Ceremonies for Christinas, "Hesperides."

Spenser speaks of the Pear in his " Shepard's Cal-
endar" (March 3), and Chaucer, who perhaps
more than any other poet loved the freshness of
spring and early morning, alludes to the beauty
of the Pear tree in its full bloom —

She was well more blissful on to see
Than is the new Perjonetti tree.

—"Millere's Tale," line 61.

All who have read the " Canterbury Tales " will

remember the incident of the Pear tree in the

" Marchand's Tale."—/'. E. N., Upper Norwood,

in Garden.

Pear Blight.— When noticing Prof, Arthur's
treatise on blight in the pear, we noted that much
of the hesitation that we had in accepting conclu-
sions of those who had heretofore experimented
came from an uncertainty as to whether we all
understood each other by the term " blights."
There are undoubtedly many distinct diseases or
forms of diseases that might be called " blights,"
but the authors of treatises speak of " Pear
blight" as if there was one, only one, thing to be
discussed.

Now, what we know as " fire blight " is that
sudden disease, which seems to destroy immense
branches, apparently in a few hours. When the
branch is examined, however, it is evident that
the seat of the disease is at the base of the dead
branch. The wood when shaved is found brown
and dry for the space of an inch or more in length,
and extending round the branch, apparently
girdling it. This portion has a well-defined line.
When we shave the wood above this line it is not
brown, but of that yellowish green tint which
branches have when they die from drying up.
There is not the possibility of a doubt that the
seat of the trouble is in that limited spot. But we
do not find that any of the treatises make any
special note whatever of this fact.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST,

339

Just now we recur to this matter through some
correspondence of a more than usually intelligent
character between Dr. Anderson and Col. Leigh-
ton, the well-known Pear grower of Norfolk, Va.,
in the Cornucopia of that city.

Dr. Anderson, an expert microscopist, follows
the disease as it progresses through all its stages,
and finds no bacteria until after fermentation has
begun ; and Col. Leighton identifies the appear-
ance of the disease in the "twigs" with the occur-
rence of a great extreme in temperature. This
may be a means of stirring the "cause" into ac-
tivity, but can scarcely be considered the cause
itself.

Though, from analogy, we feel that low micro-
scopic organisms, as has been explained by Pro-
fessors Arthur and Burrill, must be closely con-
nected with all these different Pear "blights," we
have to confess that the demonstration has not
been made as clear to our mind as we should like
it to be.

Weight of Beurre Diel Pears. — At New-
castle-on-Tyne, in England, fruit was produced
last year of this variety weighing 29 ounces.

The Phylloxera in Germany. — Phylloxera
has lately been gaining so much ground in the
wine-growing district of the Rheinland that the
German Chancellor has at last summoned a con-
ference of the competent authorities to consider
what ought to be done. They have found that
their ridiculous laws to keep it out have wholly
failed. If the national suspicion against France
will permit them, their consideration of what
ought to be done would soon be ended. The
French, who have used vines grafted on Ameri-
can stocks, laugh at Phylloxera.

The Black-rot in Grapes. — This disease has
been more virulent in New Jersey than ever be-
fore— even the famous Concord, supposed to be
proof against all kinds of Cryptogamic pests, suc-
cumbing to the enemy. Kinds of the Clinton
class, usually useful only for wine-making pur-
poses, and which seem to withstand the attacks of
Phylloxera better than others, also withstand
fungi better ; and it is rumored that the great settle-
ment of Vineland is seriously thinking of rooting
out even Concord grapes, giving up the effort to
raise table fruit, and go into wine-making like its
rival city of Egg Harbor. Vineland was started
as a model total abstinence town, and its laws are
very strict against selling liquor within its limits.
But there seems to be nothing in the city charter
to prevent " fleecing the Egyptians," and, though

not knowing the taste of liquor themselves, they
can manufacture it and sell it to other places
that have not yet forbidden its purchase and sale.
By the time all the world has become prohibition
and followed the example of Vineland, the city
will become like unto Thebes or Palmyra, if it de-
pends on Clinton grapes.

A Huge Grape-Vine. — There is a grape-vine
in Carpinteria, the property of Jacob Wilson,
that exceeds the famous Montecito vine that was
forwarded in 1876 to the Centennial. At the butt
it measures five feet ten inches, and five feet from
the ground five feet two inches. It is of the Mis-
sion variety, and is reputed to be the largest
grape-vine in th^ world. It is supported by a
trellis, covering an area of ground almost one
hundred feet square. Mr. Wilson informed us
that the vine, two years ago, produced four tons
of grapes. — Santa Barbara Independent.

Collar Grafting Apple Trees. — Mr. D. W.
Cozard, of La Cygne, Kansas, is a warm advocate
of crown or collar grafting seedhng apple trees.
This takes the whole seedling root, and not merely
the piece of root into two or three as usually
divided.

Duchess of Oldenberg Apple.— This large
and beautiful apple seems finer than usual this
season. Specimens, seven ounces, are not uncom-
mon. It is not of the finest flavor — none of the
Russian apples are — but its freedom from many
troubles, and the beauty of the fruit, striped so
freely with crimson, make it desirable.

The Fallawater Apple. — The sketch we re-
cently gave of the Madeleine pear, as in the line
of making the reader well acquainted with kinds
that have worked their way into favor all over the
country, seems to have met with great favor. The
tendency to illustrate that which is merely new is
strong, but thousands never see more than the
picture, for, before the owner of the first large
stock of plants has baa'ely had time, in commer-
cial phrase, to unload, the novelty dies. These
experimences remind one of the quaint epitaph on
a month old baby on an English tombstone :

'If so soon am I done for,
What was I begun for ?"

We have thought to do for some old stand-by
among apples what we have done for the pear,
and, on looking thrcfugh Downing, note that he
has no illustration of the Fallawater apple. We

340

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

supply that omission now. Its popularity is at-
tested by the fact that Downing quotes no less
than sixteen synonyms, of which Tulpehocken,
Brubacker, Beauty of the West and
Fornwalder are best known. In Penn-
sylvania, where it was raised, no good
orchard is complete without it. Its
original name seems to have been /'

Pfarrer Walter, its raiser's cognomen, ''

but Fallawater is the acceptable name.
In our last we noted that the Aus-
tralians were using root-cuttings of ^^
the Northern Spy as a stock in gen- f'
•eral use for apples. This might do as
well, for it is a very strong grower.
The fruit is of enormous size and is
very solid and heavy. This has been
somewhat against it, as where trees
stand by themselves winds are apt to
blow the fruit off before ripe. The
stem is also very short, and fruit has
been known to press itself off by
growth against the branch to which it
is attached. These, we beheve, are
all its faults. It is very sub-acid till
thoroughly ripe, say in February,
when its sharp character is mellowed
and approved.

The Delaware Winter and Lawyer Ap-
ples.— We find the following in the Ddaware
Farm and Home :

"The question has, on several occasions, been
raised whether the Delaware Winter apple is not
a variety known by some other name, and re-
cently it has been asserted that it is probably the
Lawver. Both these apples were on exhibition at
the State Fair last week, and at the suggestion of
J. G. Brown a committee was appointed to exam-
ine them. The report is given below :

' Fairview Park, Sept. 30, 1887.

'We, the undersigned, Committee of the Dela-
ware State Fair, appointed to decide upon the
identity of the Lawver and the Delaware Winter
apples, have carefully examined the specimens on
exhibition as such apples, and decide that they are
distinct, differing in flavor, shape, color and gen-
eral appearance.

G. W. Killen, ]

A. L. Hudson, \ Committee.'"

P. Emerson, J

We understand that Mr. J. G. Brown, mentioned
above, and conceded to be one of the best pomo-
logists in the State, who would give no opinion
one year ago on the vexed question, now regards
the apples as distinct.

Erratic Behaviour of some Extra Early
Peaches. — Some years ago it was noted of the
then popular Hale's Early Peach, that it was un-

^

Fallawater Apple.

reliable. Some years it would not be early. The
same is now being noticed in France of the Ams-
den. In 1884 and 1885 Mr. Schwaller, of Mar-
seilles, ripened Amsden on the loth of June. In
1886 they did not ripen till the i6th, and the past
year not till the 26th.

The Chickasaw Plum.— Ever since the variety
of Chickasaw, known as Wild Goose, was intro-
duced, there have been a large number of others
named and disseminated.

Some of these are quite good, but we do not
think any yet approach the old garden varieties
in value. There are possibly some few places
where the old plum will not grow — then these
Chickasaws furnish fair substitutes.

A Large Canteloupe. — Mr. Ott, of Doyles-
town. Pa,, raised a canteloupe the past season that
weighed thirteen pounds.

Marketing Raspberries.— A correspondent of
the Country Gentleman makes the good point that
it is more profitable to market raspberries in pint
than in quart boxes. They do not mash near as
much in the smaller bulk.

White Asparagus.— People usually prefer
green asparagus because the white is stringy, but

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

341

when the white is tender it is considered much
better suited to refined tastes. To get the white
part tender it is necessary to plant it deep in light
soil. It is difficult to sell white asparagus in mar-
ket, because the customer cannot be made to be-
lieve that it is tender, white as usually sold being
stringy.

Dry Beans. — Last year only 100,000 bushels of
beans were produced in the whole of New Eng-
land, and more than 500.000 bushels were im-
ported to supply the demand of the Yankee peo-
ple for the raw material of culture. Boston alone
in 1886 sold 350,000 bushels of beans, 70 per cent,
whereof were raised in New York State. In the
same year 4,800,000 cans of baked beans were put
up and shipped to distant parts by a single Boston
firm.

Forced Rhubarb. — Those who like this fresh
from the plant, instead of the doubtful potted or
canned rhubarb, can readily have it by potting or
boxing a few roots and putting it under a green-
house stage, or warm cellar. A very little heat
brings it forward. Asparagus can be brought
forward in the same way.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Stunted Pear Trees. — " Subscriber," Balti-
more, Md., writes : " We have a great many pear
trees in the garden from fifteen to thirty years of
age. The bark is tight and scaly ; when they do
bear fruit, it is hard and full of worms; some
seasons the trees lose all their leaves before the
end of August.

" The garden has been ploughed once a year with
a two-horse plow as close as the man can get to
the trees. I thought this ploughing must have
injured the young roots from time to time as we
can't see any small fibery root."

The pear trees have become stunted, and very
likely the close ploughing has injured the roots,
cutting off so many that not enough good ones
are left to furnish a full supply to the tree, and
hence they have been starved. Even when plenty
of manure is applied with the ploughing, the tree
will be starved when so large a proportion of its
roots are destroyed.

Precisely the same results often follow from
leaving an orchard in grass without an occasional
top-dressing. The grass and the roots together
soon eat up the Httle food, and again the tree will
be starved.

The perfection of orchard culture is to have the
surface in grass, provided an occasional top-
dressing of manure can be applied.

The question with you will be, the trees being
in this condition, what can be done to increase
the vital power?

First trim out all the weakest of the stunted
shoots. Paint the rest of the tree with pure hn-
seed oil. Be sure that it is pure — if adulterated
it may kill the tree. Slit the hide-bound bark, up
and down with a knife, which will the more readily
permit expansion when the new growth comes.
Nature intended this bark to crack and split, but
the insects prevented nature's law from operating.
By artificially slitting you help nature against the
insects. Then haul road sand, earth from the
headlands, or any refuse soil you can get, and
cover the whole surface of the ground under the
branches an inch or more deep. If you have
any manure to spare to put with it, all the better.
Then abandon the plowing, but do not let strong
vegetation grow till the roots of the pear have full
possession of the ground.

If you do this we think you will have a free,
vigorous growth next summer that will surprise
those who knew them in their days of sickness and
suffering.

Curculio proof Plums. — There is no such
thing as a plum that a curculio will not puncture
if it has a mind to. At times a tree may be
neglected because the insect has found enough
fruit elsewhere in which to deposit its eggs, or it
may have deposited eggs that did not hatch — for
even beetle's eggs, like any other, are "addled"
sometimes. In the latter case the marks are left
but the plum does not rot finally as when the egg
gives up its " worm." As for the Chickasaw varie-
ties being " proof," the Editor has seen wild trees in
North Carolina as badly punctured as any in a
cultivated state.

Twig Blight in the Pear. — Mr. G. L. B.
Leighton, President of the Horticultural and
Pomological Society of Norfolk, Va., writes that
for several years he has been able to tell nine
days ahead, when the twig blight in the pear will
appear.

Idaho Pear. — The " Idaho Pear Company,"
Lewistown, Idaho, sends us a nice pear. On first
glance we exclaim, "A nice Glout Morceau!" but
remembering it is October and not late winter, we
look more closely and note that it is more irregu-
lar than Glout Morceau, more depressed ; the

342

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

stalk cavity very irregular ; the calyx basin very
shallow, much plaited, with a very small closed
calyx. The dots are very numerous, and the
ripening a yellow bordering on gold. In fact the
fruit has quite a quince-like aspect.

The flesh is buttery, juicy, with a perfumed and
delicious flavor.

There are so many good pears in existence that
we have come to regard new fruits with some sus-

picion. It is a crime to burden the lists with new
additions, unless we believe there is a vacancy to
be filled by the new comer. We believe this is
one of those exceptional good fruits that deserve
to be welcomed, and if the growth of tree and
other qualities, of which we cannot judge from a
single fruit, are equal in merit to the fruit, we may
congratulate the introducers in having a good
thing.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Forest Fires. — The great enemy to forestry
is forest fires. People hesitate to put money into
what will take years to establish, and may be
only burned at last. The forest area is now com-
puted at 450,000,000. Of this about 10,000,000
go annually under fire. At this rate our whole
forest area will disappear in fifty years. Fire is
more destructive than the axe of the lumberman.
It is a good subject for a forestry convention.

The Wood of Paulownia. — Paulownia imper-
ialis is used to a considerable extent as an orna-
mental tree, but attention has been drawn to the
value of its timber. The extreme hghtness of the

wood has, no doubt, caused it to be neglected.
A well-dried branch of a young tree is scarcely
heavier than cork. The wood from an old tree is
more compact, and is susceptible of a fine silky
polish. The striking peculiarity of the wood is
that it does not shrink, nor warp, nor split, even
when green, or however thin it may be cut. The
Japanese use it in thin veneers for the same pur-
poses that we use pasteboard — to make boxes and
such like articles.

We may add to the above, from the Garden,
that it is a very popular timber tree in its own
country, Japan, and it is extensively used wher-
ever light, easily worked wood is desirable. It
grows with immense rapidity in our country, in
some cases increasing diameter an inch a year.

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

PEACH AND PLUM HYBRIDS.
BY PROF. H. E. VAN DEMAN.

Having seen and examined a number of the
peach and plum hybrids described by Prof. Mun-
son, of Texas, in the last number of the Garden-
ers' Monthly, as well as the Blackman plum
(so-called ?), I thought it only due to the fruit
growers of the country and to science to say they
were hybrids, and that they were sterile. But I
had no idea of being the innocent cause of the
discussion which has followed. However, after
seeing the trees and studying their peculiar forms,
leaves and bark, I feel satisfied that they are not
mere sports or monstrosities. I think a little

more observation might even convert you, too*
Mr, Editor.

[The Editor has never said that the Blackman
plum is not a hybrid, nor that there are no hy-
brids between plums and peaches, as contended
for by many intelligent persons ; but he has said
that he has seen no evidence satisfactory to his
mind that specimens submitted to him are hy-
brids.-Ed. G. M.l

NOTES ON SEPTEMBER NUMBER.

BY W. F. BASSETT.

Host Plants of the Mistletoe, p. 275.— If you
refer to the volume of the Gardeners' Monthly
in which this subject was so fully discussed, I
think you will find that the new fact, that the Mis-

188;.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

343

tletoe was wholly confined to the Sour Gum here,
was so stated by me at that time.

Swamp Plants, Clethra alnifolia, p. 276. —
Probably the principal reason why certain shrubs,
plants and trees are found in swamps or moist
land is, that the seeds there find favorable condi-
tions for vegetating which are lacking in upland.
We have Clethra here on quite dry, sandy places
where a partial shade (not too dense) affords suf-
ficient protection for the seeds to come up.

Second Flowering of Trees. — We often get a sec-
ond bloom on pear trees when a very dry spell is
succeeded by abundant rain, and this season the
same result has followed excessive rains, and in
both cases it appears to be occasioned by loss of
the earlier foliage. Hammonton, N. J.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Fertile Hybrids. — It is perfectly amazing
how much work is needed to drive the great error
out of the world that hybrids are generally sterile,
simply because that much abused beast, the mule,
happens to be commonly (though not absolutely)
sterile. Instances of the reverse are continually
before us. One of the most useful is the success
of Mr. Carman of the Rural New Yorker in get-
ting a productive race of grain, between wheat
and rye. He has also been very successful in
getting the blackberry and raspberry to unite,
though Mr. Wm. Saunders of London, Canada,
has occupied this part of the field before him.
Latterly Mr. Carman has been successfully cross-
ing different species of roses, and has seedlings,
but we do not yet know that the hybrids are
fertile or sterile.

Crossing Peculiarities. — Mr. Bennett says in
crossing roses he is satisfied that the male parent
or pollen decides the color of the seedling. Mr.
Heffron says he found the same rule in crossing
potatoes.

Companion Plants.— Symbiosis is a new term
applied by vegetable physiologists to a condition
in which plants live together, and aid each other,
in contradistinction to parasitism in which one
lives upon one and on another. For instance, in
those curious occurrences known as " Fairy
rings," the mycelium of fungus spreads from a
common center, forming a circle several feet in
diameter. It attaches itself apparently to the
roots of grasses or other vegetation, and so pre-
pares nitrogen. But the grass on the edge of the
circle is always more vigorous and of a more

fertile green than the grass which the fungus has
not yet reached. It is further believed that those
singular plants, like our Monotropa, once sup-
posed to be parasites, but since they are not
found attached to living roots called saprophytes,
are really living in symbiosis with fungi, which
prepare food for them, as plants would have to do
for true parasites. The matter has been followed
up by German and Russian botanists who are now
inclined to believe that the silky threads or fungus
mycelia so common on the young seedlings of
oaks, beeches, and other trees used in forestry
planting, are rather friendly aids than deadly
enemies as heretofore supposed. There have
however, been 50 many evidences of the truly
parasitic nature and injurious character of some
of these instances to make these generalizations
safe — but enough has really been made certain to
give "symbiosis" a good place in the field of
botanical exploration, — Independent.

Potato Beetle in Germany.— After all the
nonsensical embarrassments to trade in order to
protect the European farmers from the Colorado
potato beetle, it has got there, and is reported as
very bad this season. The Phylloxera, which
they have also punished trade on account of, is
also reported as very destructive.

Sweet Red Water Lily. — The red variety of
Nymphasa odorata, has been supposed to be con-
fined to one locality in Massachusetts. But a
correspondent of the Canadian Horticulturist
says it is abundant in the small lakes in the
northern counties of Ontario, particularly in the
Muskoka district.

A White Gerardia.— Mr. G. H. Van Wagener
of Rye, N. Y., finds a white variety of the pretty
purple Gerardia tenuifolia.

The Lotus Lily. — A correspondent at Minne-
apolis says that Prof. Lewis of St. Paul furnishes
the following account of the Nelumbium as grow-
ing in western waters :

" The aquatic plant now being sold about the
streets of our Minnesota cities and claimed by
some to be identical with the lotus of the Nile, is
not a water lily (Nymphasacea), but belongs to an-
j other order differing somewhat from it, that of the
Nelumbiacea or water-beans. This latter order
has only two genera, the Nelumbium speciosum
j and the Nelumbium luteum. The former is pink
in color and is supposed to be the lotus sacred in
1 the eyes of the Egyptians and the Hindus and
around which so many interesting myths are
clustered. The latter, (greenish yellow in color)
is the Minnesota flower referred to, which, though
I but lately brought to notice in this region has long

344

THE GARDENERS'. MONTHLY

[November,

since been described in botanical works as grow-
ing near Philadelphia, Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario.

" Here in the northwest it is found on the Min-
nesota river near Mendota, at Lake Minnetonka,
and along the Mississippi river at the head of
Lake Pepin, just above La Crosse, and also at
least as far down as the head of Rock Island
rapids.

" It seems that our indigenous Nelumbium lute-
um flowers grow most profusely in summers when
a combination of low water and high temperature
furnishes extra heat to the roots, and thus forces
the plant. The present profuseness with which it
is met in fully developed perfection, is proof that
this is no 'off year' for its kind."

In connection with this the following from the
Independent may be appended :

" Dr. Newberry notes that the hly of the Nile
has wholly disappeared from that river, though
there is ample evidence that it was abundant in
the pre historic times. Specimens are frequently
found in mummy cases. It was not a Nelumbium,

as many writers persist in stating, but a species of
Nymphasa — N. lotus. The true lotus of classical
history. Dr. Newberry says, is a Zizyphus — prob-
ably the one sometimes cultivated in American
collections of trees, and known there as Zizyphus
communis. It is very hardy in our climate, very
thorny, and bears an orange-colored, round fruit,
the size of a Damson plum."

Destruction of the Robin. — When the Leg-
islature at Albany last winter passed the bill
making it a misdemeanor to intentionally give
food or shelter to the English or European house
sparrow, there was a clause added making it law-
ful to shoot robins and blackbirds on Long Island
and Staten Island from the first day of November
to the first day of January in each year.

A clause giving permission to any duly regis-
tered pupil of a public school to gather cherries
from branches that overhung the public roads
during November and January was not agreed to.

LiTMATUM. Travels and Personal Notes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

HYBRIDS BETWEEN PEACH AND PLUM.

BY T. V. MUNSON.

The Gardeners' Monthly just to hand,
containing my remarks on " Peach and Plum
Hybrids." You have been more kind and cour-
teous to me than I deserved. I should have
modified my paper some. You wrote a special
postal giving me opportunity to do so, but un-
fortunately I was away from home on an ex-
tended journey in Western Texas, till too late
for last month — the September number — and
not seeing the paper in that number, I supposed
it was considered hardly worthy your valua-
ble space, which was, to my mind now the case ;
but you still have most generously printed it. If
not too late, please let me say now that my boast
that you dare not say which of the specimens were
peach and which plum, was completely nipped
in the bud by your telling, in August number, that
two were pure peach and the others plum. Two
only were pure peach. Thus far you were cer-
tainly correct. As to the purity of the plum blood in
the others, of course we still disagree, unless you
consider I have now brought suf^cient proof to

sustain the supposition that they have some peach
blood also. But my boast was uncourteous. I
should have modified the paper by leaving it out.
It was unscientific, and that far marred other
statements of botanical characteristics, which
alone constitute its merit. Thus in the endeavor to
make my paper piquant it reads seemingly un-
kind. But your action in the matter shows you
understood my real feelings and intention. If
my conclusions in the matter are incorrectly or
unscientifically drawn, I am anxious to have the
errors pointed out. Please don't mete me the
merits of a braggadocio by allowing me " the last
word." My conclusions may not rest upon suffi-
cient evidence, though I am yet unable to see
otherwise. Such discussions are sure to stimulate
further investigation, and finally elicit the truth, if
conducted with that suaviter in modo, of which
your blunt correspondent possesses so little.

[Our good correspondent need have made no
apology. The Editor of this magazine has no in-
terest other than advancement of horticulture, and
those branches of science or art that are co-inci-
dent to it ; and he is quite willing that correspond-
ents should debate their side in their own way.

In the case of supposed hybrids between peach
and plum the case still stands this way : First, it is

188;.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

345

believed certain trees must be hybrids because
they have leaves more like peach leaves than the
trees from which they were raised. Secondly,
because they are sterile. Thirdly, in Mr. Hillen-
meyer's case, because the product was a result of
actual manipulation in crossing.

We have been disposed to give some weight to
the last, and felt nearly converted, till we had
samples of similar character where hybridization
was out of the question. It is, however, in the
line of evidence we like.

The second point is of no account at all, for,
with the exception of the mule, between the horse
and the ass, it is beginning to be well understood
hybrids are as fertile as species.

And the first has little weight because the range
of natural variation is also well known to be as
great as any variation through crossing.

We have been quite willing to give space to a
full discussion of this question, because it would
be of immense advantage to pomology if it could
be demonstrated that the peach and plum would
freely hybridize.— Ed. G. M.]

EDITORIAL NOTES.

When Sumac Glimmers Red.—

Across the sky cold clouds are driven,
From tree and shrub bright leaves are riveu

And at my feet are spread ;
Around me gaudy flowers gleam yellow,
Fair Nature's still most royal color,

When sumac glimmers red.

The gentian in the marsh is hiding,
There till the first cold frost abiding,

By hidden waters led ;
Through glistening leaves full shyly glancing,
In bluest dress is still entrancing,

When sumac glimmers red.

The timid swallows southward turning,
For brighter suns and flowers are yearning,

Mourning the glory fled.
For now how soon is autumn waning,
And now how fast is winter gaining,

When sumac glimmers red.

Though woods in brightest dress are gleaming,
Their bravery is but in seeming,

Shadows fall overhead.
The nights grow chill when close the flowers,
A secret sadness fills the hours

When sumac glimmers red.

Sadly r turn from autumn's splendor
Of leaves that glow in sad surrender.

And whisper "Youth hath fled."
Vague shadows ol the past close round me,
Sorrow outlived again liath bound me

When sumac glimmers red.

—EUssa M. Moore, in Open Court.

American Weather in England. — The
mother country is getting a taste of it. 80° one
-day and 35° a few days after, is getting near the
thing. The next experience may be 90°, and
then zero. We shall be ready to annex Great

Britain as part of the United States when that time
comes.

Liberality of Philadelphia Florists. —
The generous liberality of Philadelphia is be-
coming proverbial. Without a dollar from the
taxpayers the citizens subscribed over a million
dollars towards making the centennial anniver-
sary a success. Recently it was desirable to make
a success of the national festival for the centen-
nial anniversary of the adoption of the Constitu-
tion, which the other States thought proper to be
held there ; and without a draft on the taxpayers
again they subscribed among themselves ^70,000.
A banquet was to be ^iven to the distinguished
guests, and again-^oo citizens came forward with
$7,000 for the purpose.

The florists were determined not to be outdone
in this generous spirit, and wholly at their own
cost took charge of the floral decorations of the
President's suite of rooms at the Lafayette Hotel.
Though they had been paid thousands of dollars
for the work, it could not have been better done.
Yet they appreciate the card of thanks Mrs.
Cleveland sent to them as highly as if it had
largely increased their several bank accounts.

How Peddlers Sell.— A western lady, stop-
ping in the office of the Gardeners' Monthly to
subscribe for the magazine, relates a singular ex-
perience in being cheated by peddlers :

"A man with a bag full of small bulbs on his
back made his appearance in their town one fine
day. It was a very rare and beautiful bulb, never
before seen in the country. His firm had the
whole stock. The firm did not intend to intro-
duce it generally till next year. This year they
were simply advertising it. It was to be gener-
ally let out at $3 a root ; but for the advertising
purposes he, the 'agent of the firm,' was instruct-
ed to find out the greatest lover of flowers in each
block, and to only that one person in the block
should the roots be sold at $1 each. The ' firm'
supposed that next year everybody in the block,
seeing it in the neighbor's garden, would rush
with the three dollars for this wonderful bulb.
When it bloomed next season it was Gladiolus
Brenchleyensis, worth five cents." "Of course,"
said we, " you were not caught by chaff like
this?" "Of course I was then," was the candid
reply, "and so were scores of others. He emptied
his bag before leaving the town ; not even con-
fining his sales to one only lady in each block,
as he pretended, as we finally found when we
compared notes. But I was better off than some,

346

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

for he added one, giving me six for my five dollar
bill."

We suppose if any one had known a Gladiolus
root, and suggested the resemblance in the " rare
bulb," the oily-tongued rascal would have admit-
ted the fact, and made it blue, or sweet-scented or
something.

Is it not queer that people will pass over their
money to strangers in this way ? The flattering
compliment of being the " favored lady " evi-
dently did the business here.

Yellow Cypress.— One of the misfortunes of
common names is their ready transference from
one thing to another, till nomenclature becomes
utterly confused. Thus Gardening Illustrated
says the colonists on the Pacific call the great
Arbor Vitae, Thuja gigantea, yellow cedar. But
the Arbor Vitae there is white cedar ; yellow cedar,
or cypress, is the Nootka Sound cypress— Cupres-
sus Nootkaensis.

Our Annual Frontispiece. — As most of our
readers know, we give in our December number,
as a frontispiece to the whole volume, a portrait of
some one of our distinguished living horticultural
authors. We shall have in the December issue of
this year the portrait of the author of one of our
most popular works on rose culture, which we
think will be fully appreciated. The demands for
our December numbers are always great — the
portrait and full index being given of late years in
addition to the reading columns, and outside of
the regular subscription price of the magazine.
When the publisher first gave this addition, it was
in place of the useless " chromos " then popular.
They have had their little day, while the Gar-
deners' Monthly's gift to its subscribers is
yearly more and more appreciated.

Love of Flowers in the Arctics.— Lieut.
Schwatka tells the Independent that :

"Those Eskimo brought in contact with white
men not only showed more appreciation for flow-
ers, but the greater floral display in their land
gave them better facilities for indulging in it.
This interest is found among the little children in
probably the same proportion that exists among
them in civilized communities. Of course, no-
where in Eskimo land does there appear anything
like an appreciation of flowers, or any other
beauties of nature, to the extent we find at home,
and the idea of cultivating them for their pretty
displays would be to them absurd in the extreme.
The most it ever amounts to would never exceed
that displayed by our lower classes when among
the wild flowers, and even then not among those
from the cities who appreciate these beauties much
more than equally inteUigent people constantly

thrown among them. I have seen them pick
flowers and apparently appreciate them, now and*
then even gathering little bunches, and when one
reflects that these flowers of the frigid zones seldom
have the slightest perfume to add to their plain
beauty, one is not at a loss to understand why so
little interest is shown in them, although they are
almost the only display that nature gives to cheer
this lone land. Much of their interest, as would
be expected, is of a practical nature ; for when
the first blossoms appeared on those few plants
that later on were to give them a stinted supply of
berries (there are three varieties of these in the
country adjacent to North Hudson's Bay with
which I became acquainted) we heard more of
them than all others put together ; but this should
not be held too strongly against them, for we
have the same in the spring nearly as much
among our own people.

An Early Philadelphia Nursery. — John
McArann was probably a Scotchman. About
1804 he became gardener for William Hamilton,
of the "Woodlands," and was in his employ until
about 181 1. In the meantime he had laid out and
improved Lemon Hill (now in Fairmount Park)
for Henry Pratt, the owner. In 181 1 he went in
partnership with Thomas Birch, who had leased
George Honey's Garden, which occupied the
square from Arch to Race and from Schuylkill
Second (Twenty-first) to Schuylkill Third (Twen-
tieth) street. Honey's Garden, in addition to its
plants and trees, conservatories and nurseries,
was attractive as a place of resort, made so by
the invitation of the proprietors and the furnishing
of refreshments to the visitors, among which were
tea, coffee, milk, mead, metheghn. ice cream, etc.
Birch & McArann continued at Honey's Garden
for eleven years, when they dissolved partnership
and relinquished control to August D'Arass.

McArann, in 1823, established his nursery and
seed garden on the lot already described between
Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets. In 1824 he
advertised that he was prepared to supply visitors
with strawberries and cream. In 1825 he pub-
lished a similar notice, adding that he had gone ta
a great expense to fit out his garden in a style
superior to any about the city, " as he hoped to
make it a place of resort to a genteel pubUc."

The garden of McArann was attractive. His
dwelling-house was situate not far north of Fil-
bert street, at about 100 feet west of Seventeenth.
It was an old-fashioned brick, apparently made
up by additions which had been added from time
to time. East of the residence the garden space,
in the shape of a parallelogram, was surrounded
on three sides by rows of small boxes opening on
the garden, each furnished with narrow benches

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

347

and tables for the accommodation of the visitors.
In the house there was a bar-room for the dis-
pensing of liquor, ice cream, fruits, confections,
etc. The latter were generally carried out to the
guests in the boxes, which, in the summer, were
cool and agreeable, there being many trees to
shade the enclosure. At night colored lanterns
added a mild fascination to the scene.

Adjoining the residence on the west, and about
the spot where the Church ot ilic Cuvcnant was
afterwards built, was the Conservatory, a broad

or at night, when highly illuminated, McArann's
was a charming place, and for several seasons
was well patronized.

Altogether the garden enclosure contained
about four acres. Between the dwelling-house
and attachments extending up to Arch street there
was at one time a small menagerie and aviary
containing at times an eagle or two and other
captive birds, and a wild animal or so, perhaps a
fox — perhaps a monkey.

The northern portion of the ground was the

The Birthplace of Linnaeus.

structure, some twenty or thirty feet in height, for
the preservation and exhibition of fine plants and
trees. It was furnished with glass doors and
windows, which extended from the ground nearly
to the roof, and which in summer time were left
invitingly open. Adjoining this building was a
hot-house, with glass roof, which extended west-
ward as far as Eighteenth street. There were also
boxes along the Filbert street front and a walk
between them and the hot-house, which extended
to the extreme end of the property and was bor-
dered by trees and flowers. Either in day time

nursery. It was thickly planted with young trees,
mostly for shade purposes, and in this line Mc-
Arann must have done a fine business. — Public
Ledger.

The Birthplace of Linn^us. — When we look
on the lives of great men it is remarkable to note
how few are born .great. Indeed, those who have
achieved the greatest fame are often those who
1 possessed few early advantages.

Linnaeus was a great man. In natural history
I possibly, the greatest man that ever lived, yet his
j early advantages were extremely slim. His

348

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

father was a country clergyman in a poor district
in Sweden, and in a location where educational
advantages, or even the advantage which cultured
society gives, must have been very slim. Messrs.
J. P. Englehard & Co., booksellers of Chicago,
have recently pubHshed an historic account of
the early life of the great naturalist, and have
obligingly loaned us the annexed engraving of the
house in which Linn?eus was born.

Thousands of boys have had better chances ;
and we have no doubt many would look on such
a career as that of Linnaeus as owing to some
good fortune. The fact is, the chance comes to
every boy to be distinguished, if he has but the
will to take hold of it.

Professor and Mrs. Lemmon.— It has be-
come general to associate these two famous bot-
anist explorers. Professor Gray states that he
named the genus Lemmonia in honor of both of
them. A California paper says :

"Prof. Lemmon is well known among botan-
ists and naturalists, and has spent many years in
the pursuit of his avocation. He found the home
of the common potato away up in the mountain
fastnesses of Arizona, and nearly paid for his cu-
riosity by being hunted by the Apaches. The
Professor's life has been a checkered one, em-
bracing service in the army during the rebellion,
and a term in the awful prison-pen at Anderson-
ville, Georgia, where he endured privations from
which he has never fully recovered. He and his
worthy wife count their friends by the hundred
all up and down the coast, and the writer is proud
to be considered among the number."

Charles Darwin.— Charles Robert Darwin,
the naturahst, was the second son of Robert
Darwin by Susannah Wedgwood, eldest daughter
of the celebrated potter, to whom she was mar-
ried at Marylebone Church in the year 1796. He
was born at The Mount, Shrewsbury, February
12, 1809, and died April 19, 1882, aged 73 years, 2
months, and 7 days. To be full of years and
rich in honors may in this world suffice as the
reward of a well spent life. Charles Darwin was
but little benefited by his schooling, his studies of
Euchd at Shrewsbury being apparently all he had
in the way of early teaching calculated to form
the character that now commands reverential ad-
miration. His education was practically his own.
as commonly happens with original minds, and
his greatness grew out of an early habit of observ-
ing and of inwardly comparing and analyzing
facts. He was a naturalist by virtue ol his love
of Nature no less than by his power of generaliz-
ing and his keen penetration into the causes of

phenomena that by virtue of their familiarity are
but rarely questioned, or ever recognized as pos-
sible keys to universal knowledge.

Dr. Asa Gray. — Dr. Gray has returned from
Europe, and is again hard at work on the Synop-
tical Flora.

Prof. C. S. Sargent.— The Revue Horticole's
editor, M. Carriere, is dehghted with a visit recently
paid him in Paris by Professor Sargent — and
speaks in the highest praise of his forthcoming
illustrated work Sylva boreali Americana.

Dr. Maxwell T. Masters — the eminent
botanist and editor of the London Gardeners'
Chronicle has been elected Vice President of the
Linnean Society. He belongs to a race of botan-
ists. Salisbury, after whom the Maiden Hair
tree is named, is one of his ancestors.

Luther Burbank's Nurseries.— These nurser-
ies at Santa Rosa, California, are among the most
enterprising in America. He is paying attention
particularly to the introduction of the olive, having
no less than 125,000 plants of one variety alone.
This fact will give some idea of the wonderful
success of this new branch of fruit growing — the
olive, in California.

Haage & Schmidt.— This well known German
firm celebrated the twenty- fifth year of the found-
ing of their firm, on August ist.

J. Eastburn Mitchell. — It is not so long since
we had to record the death of Mr. W. L. Schaffer
the well known President of the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society, whose magnificent gift
through his sister and nephew. Dr. Schaffer, of the
great Horticultural Hall in Philadelphia, to the
Horticultural Society, is so well known. We now
have to record the decease of his successor in the
Presidency, Mr. J. Eastburn Mitchell, which
occurred at his residence in Logan Square, Phila-
delphia, on the fifth of October, in the seventieth
year of his age.

Mr. Mitchell succeeded to a very profitable
business founded by his father as a manufacturer
of mill stones, to which many cognate branches
were subsequently added. He always had a
fondness for gardening, and early in life became
a member of the Pennsylvania Horticultural
Society, serving faithfully in subsequent years on
many varied committees. In 1858 he built a
country place on Chestnut Hill near the built-up
portion of Philadelphia, on which he had cold
graperies, plant houses, a fine amateur collection
of fruits, and beautifully laid out grounds, which

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

349

he enjoyed for several years, till, for family reasons
he removed to the city proper.

He was a remarkably public spirited man, and
contributed liberally to many associations and
causes in which he had no special interest, but
simply because of the pride he felt in the good
name of the city.

When the great American Centennial was
arranged for to be held in Philadelphia, he entered
cordially into the effort to make it a grand success,
and the writer of this believes that to Mr. Mitchell
more than to any other one man, is that city in-
debted for the magnificent conservatory, erected
at that time, and which now is among the leading
attractions of Fairmount Park.

At the present time gentlemen of means who
take an active part in promoting a love of horti-
culture in public ways, are not numerous in Phila-
delphia, and this makes the loss of an active
worker like Mr. Mitchell at this time, one the more
to be regretted.

Sarah Hoopes. — A famous amateur horticul-
turist, in this lady, passed away at West Chester,
Pa., on the loth of October, in her ninetieth year.
It may not be too much to say that to her in a
great measure we owe the famous firm of Hoopes,
Brother & Thomas. The love of trees and flow-
ers which took such active form around the home-
stead on Cherry Hill farm, could not but have an
influence on her boys, and out of this grew the
Cherry Hill nurseries, estabhshed on the grounds
when but a young man by the eldest, Josiah, into
which subsequently the younger, Abner, grew, and
with the immense development of the business,
finally George B. Thomas.

Sarah Hoopes, as she always loved to be simply
called, was in many respects a remarkable woman.
She had an immense power for good over every-
one who came in contact with her, and not only
the horticultural, but a large number of distinct
social interests, have been made to progress rap-
idly in knowledge and happiness through Sarah
Hoopes having lived in this world.

Dr. George Thomas. — Amateur horticulture
loses a rare lover of gardening in Dr. George
Thomas of Whitford, Chester County, Pa., whose
death occurred recently in his eightieth year. He
was especially fond of rare trees and shrubs, of
which his grounds contained a fine collection.

Though a regularly educated physician, he
never practiced, but with abuud22]t means he
lived a comparatively retire^ life, doing good to
every one about him with >,-hom he came in con-

tact. When on his death-bed, and in a delirium
from which he never recovered, he exclaimed,
" Let us go out and plant some trees." These
were his last words.

LiNDENiA. — We have received from Mr. J.
Linden, loo Rue Belliard, Brussels, Belgium, the
2d part of the 3d volume of this beautiful work.
It is wholly devoted to orchids, and we find the
following in this issue :

" Cattleya virginalis, t. loi. — A Cattleya with
pure white perianth-segments and with the disc of
the lip of a rich yellow color. It is supposed to
be a variety of C. Eldorado, but whatever be its
affinity there can be no question of its beauty.

" Cypripedium prcestans.i. 102. — A handsome
Cypripedium recalling" C. Stonei, and of which so
much has been said in English papers lately that
we need only add that the figure now given is a
faithful representation of a desirable plant.

" Aerides Houlletianum, t. 103. — The flowers of
this species have cream-colored segments tipped
with lilac, the broad obovate retuse lip has a paler
ground color flushed with rich lilac.

" Catasetum Bungerothii var. Pottsiana, t. 104.
—Scarcely have we had time to settle down after
the introduction of this fine plant than we are con-
fronted with a variety in which the upper seg-
ments are spotted with purphsh-red."

The California Florist. — We understand
that arrangements are being made to bring out
soon a magazine under this title. Mr. Emory G.
Smith, will have a hand in it.

Annual Report of the Forestry Congress —
Annual Report of the Division of Forestry
OF the Department of Agriculture, for 1886.
By B. E. Fernow.

These two pamphlets show that there is yet a
wide spread interest in the subject of forestry, and
much good will follow eventually from the work
now being done. Mr. Fernow is throwing him-
self energetically into the cause, and has got over
an immense amount of work. The statistical
tables are especially useful and will be for a long
time of service as a work of reference. It appears
from these reports that though small groups of
trees are being set out in large numbers, only a
few instances may be cited of forestry planting as
a regular business enterprise. The forests set out
by Douglas, and by Mr. Fay, seem still about the
only forests planted on a scale commensurate
with the importance of the work. Commissions
and reports on reports from various quarters are
abundant. Surely some practical good result
must eventually come.

Report of the United States Department
of Agriculture for 1886. — It is pleasant to

3 so

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

note with each recurrent year, an improvement |
in this government publication. For, good as
they have been of late years, we regard this as
the most valuable ev6r issued. There is a more
clear perception that the peculiar mission of the
department is to give information that only a gov-
ernment can supply— and that this information
should be given with scientific precision and
absolute accuracy. We do not want to read over
and over again what has appeared in every penny
newspaper. Horticulturists generally will turn
with some interest to the newly established De-
partment of Pomology. They must remember
that the volume closes with 1886 and that the
pomologist had httle time to study the bearings of
the leading matters of interest in the field before
him. Yet it is evident that he can make the
division as useful as the others, as soon as he has
become accustomed to the position.

In these publications which are for all the world
and for all time, the incumbents learn to be care-
ful of their statements. We suppose, if written
now, after a year's additional experience, the po-
mologist would not say as he did in 1886, " It is
now well proven that the Blackman plum is a
hybrid between the peach and the plum, and like
many hybrids, is sterile." In the light of modern
experience, it would be difficult for the pomologist
to name the "many hybrids" that are sterile— for,
as in the case of the Blackman plum, the so called
"sterile hybrids," are not known to be hybrids,
but the fact of sterility has been taken to prove
the hybridity, which is just no proof at all.

Neither, we think, would the pomologist now
write : " The Japan persimmon is unlike our native
species in that its flowers are perfect— that is, have
stamens and pistils in one flower— while ours has
the two sexes on different trees."

There is really no difference in this respect
between the two species. Both are polygamous
instead of dioecious and it is not at all uncommon
to have trees of our species perfectly hermaphro-
dite ; on the other hand, in their wild condition,
the Japan species have the sexes separate as often
as ours — and even in the forms that have been
selected for cultivation, and are perpetuated by
grafting, the flowers are often unisexual. The
writer has seen a tree of the variety known as
Yanesi, in which no flower could be found with
a perfect stamen, though the fact that the tree
brought forth two persimmons that year, showed
that there may have been at least two flowers
perfect.

We mention these points, not so much for 'u\t

purpose of criticism on an exceedingly valuable
report — but to express a hope that by particu-
lar accuracy they may be rendered still more
valuable.

The Alphabet of Bee Culture. — By A. I.
Root, Medina, Ohio. Certainly, we think, the
most complete manual ever issued.

Catalogues. — Benard, E., Roses and Nursery,
Orleans, France ; Berger, H. H., & Co., Japanese
Specialties, Alameda, Cal.; Charoze, Alexis, Trees,
Shrubs, etc., La Pyramide Trelaize, Angers,
France ; Close, Oscar, Trees, Plants, etc., Wor-
cester, Mass.; Cranston, John & Co., Roses, Fruit,
Ornamental, King's Acre, Eng.; Engle & Bro.,
Wholesale Circular, Marietta, Pa.; Kelsey Bros.,
Trees and Shrubs. Highlands, N, C; Kelsey,
Fred. W., Special Collections, N. Y. City ; Lam-
bert & Reiter. Plants, Trier, Rheinprussen ; Mur-
doch, John R. & A., Fruit and Ornamental, etc.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.; Rolker, A. & Sons, Florists' Sup-
plies, N. Y. City; Schmitz, H., Autumn Seeds and
Plants, Ghent, Belgium ; Smith, Wm. H., Bulbs,
Seeds, etc., Philadelphia, Pa.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Lindenia.—" W. L." inquires : "On page 320,
October number, you speak of ' Lindenia,' a
French work on orchids. Will you be so kind as
to inform me whether the text is printed in Eng-
lish as well as French ; if so, where it can be ob-
tained ?"

Lindenia is a Belgian publication, the text
printed wholly in French ; but the colored plates
are full-sized, and SiO life-like as to be well worth
subscribing for, even though one does not know
the language.

We do not know of any agent for the work in
this country. The publication of^ce is 52 Rue de
Chaume, Ghent, Belgium.

Mr. Halliday Jackson. — The following remi-
niscences are by Mr. J. F, Clark:

" In the last issue of the Gardeners' Monthly
I notice with regret the death of Mr. Halliday
Jackson, of Chester county, Pa. In 1874, while
then living near West Chester, I was making
up a collection of native ferns, to be exhibited
in pots at that county fall exhibition.

" Being anxious to have them all correctly
named, I was obliged to call on Mr. Jackson to
help me out, which he did with pleasure. Al-
though it was quite late in the evening when I
arrived at Mr. Jackson's house, he seemed to take
great pleasure vix Silowiiig me volume after vol-
ume of his.triagnificent collection of ferns from all
parts o( the globe. Mr. Jackson was also kind

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

351

enough to present me with a specimen from the
South, Pteris aquilina var. caudata, which I shall
always preserve in grateful remembrance of that

venerable botanist and gentleman. Mr. Jackson
was then working on the lower orders of Crypto-
gamia."

Horticultural Societies,

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. —
The autumn meeting the last week in September
furnished another excellent exhibition and a
marked improvement in the growth of the plants
over the culture of a few years ago. In this re-
spect there was the greatest novelty, for there was
little that was really new among the plants and
flowers themselves.

One of the best improved features is the atten-
tion given to labelling, so th^t the exhibition can
be made instructive to the visitors. Several col-
lections had the names neatly written on cards,
placed on the tops of slender flower stakes, and
high above, that they could be seen without effort
on the part of the observer. Many of the exhibits
had no exhibitors' names attached — nothing but
the exhibition numbers. The names of the exhib-
itors, we think, give increased interest to these
affairs. No. 79 had a very pretty plant of the old
Strelitzia regina in flower. Its yellow and blue
bird's-head like flowers always please, and it is
surprising the plant is not more often seen.

A remarkably fine collection of Lycopodiums,
by Eisele Brothers, indicated that pan culture is
best for these plants. The plants were about two
feet across.

Chas. D. Ball, one of "the commendably labelled
collections, had a collection of ferns, which were
especially worthy of note by their genuine
" ferny" tint of color. They were not overgrown,
but healthy plants, mostly about two feet high
and wide.

The Theif Palm, Phcenecophorium sechellanum,
seems growing in favor, as it was in many collec-
tions. One of the best was exhibited by No. 59.
It had a blade of about 3 feet by 2. In spite of
its ferocious-looking spines, it is a very handsome
fern. No. 59 had also a very commendable col-
lection of leaf plants in pots and small tubs,
among which a Pandanus Veitchii, with its green
and white striped leaves, was very much admired.
No. 45 had a beautiful specimen of the Chu-
san Palm, Chamaerops Fortunii. This palm is
nearly hardy. The specimen exhibited was very

tufty, and one might suppose it was an unique
shrub of some kind, instead of being a member of
the palm family. Messrs. M. F. Small & Co.
had their collection adorned by many crotons,
which yet appear to be among the most desirable
of leaf plants.

Mr. John M. Hughes, gardener to Mr. Geo. W.
Childs, astonished many by the richness of his
exhibit. He had a particularly rich specimen of
the large Fan Palm, Latania Borbonica. It was
about 10 feet high by 15 feet wide, and yet only in
a three-feet tub.

The same exhibitor had the best grown Cala-
diums we ever saw. The leaves were wholly self-
supporting, about fifty to a plant, the mass form-
ing a plant two or three feet over. They were in
rather large (15-inch) pots.

He had also a very meritorious collection of
tuberous Begonias in lo-inch pots, forming
specimens about i foot over.

Dracaenas, as usually seen, are rarely well
grown. But David Emery, gardener to Mrs.
Charles Dissel, had a nice lot. They were in 12
or 14-inch pots, were about 3 feet high, and with
nice healthy foliage from bottom to top.

Palms are so often exhibited in a huge, over-
grown condition, that it was pleasant to note a
very varied collection in 6 or lo-inch pots from
Messrs. T. Small & Co. They were also admira-
bly labeled.

Mr. William Joyce, gardener to Mrs. Matthew
Baldwin, had one of the most interesting collec-
tions in the room. Among the rarer palms the
reporter noticed as a very pretty one Licuala
grandis. It is a broad-leaved fan palm, dwarf,
and with very slender stipes. A very good speci-
men of the pretty Pitcher plant. Nepenthes Hook-
eriana, an admirable specimen of the gorgeous
velvety-leaved Sphserogne latifolia, the leaves 2
feet by 15 inches wide, and the rare Anthurium
crystalinum. This is an aroid with large, dark vel-
vet green leaves, and prominent light green veins.

Mrs. Anne Bissett made her usual collection of
ferns, always welcome as showing how much
variety may be had in a small space when good
culture in small pots is the plan adopted.

352

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[November,

The absence of flowering plants, so often noted
of late years in exhibitions where only ferns and
foliage plants appear, was well broken on this oc-
casion by the flowering Begonias. Besides those
above noted, Mr. H. A. Dreer had a very nice
collection. They were in 6 inch pots, about 6 to
12 inches over, blooming profusely and of all
shades of color, between yellow and crimson.
The Gloxinias also added floral attractions.

Mr. Jamieson, gardener to Mrs. Mason, who has
often done good work for the Germantown Horti-
cultural Society, made his first appearance here
with a very nice collection of marantas and
crotons, and Mr. Alburgur had some nice palms.
Among the cut flowers were some very nice
things. Mr. Sturtevant, of Bordentown, added
largely to the attractions of the room by water
tanks containing leaves of the great Victoria
water hly and a large number of Nelumbiums and
water lilies. The beautiful red-flowered Nym-
phaea Devoniana flowers were nearly a foot in
diameter.

The Florists' Club had a fac-simile of one of the
floral adornments with which the rooms of Mrs.
Cleveland were generously decorated during the
President's visit to the Constitutional Centennial.
Outside of the emblematic lessons to be taught by
floral designs, the workmanship was wonderful.
No one could tell at a little distance that the
United States flag was not actual bunting instead
of flowers. The blue corner of the flag was made
of violets, tuberoses represented the stars, red
and white carnations did duty for the stripes, and
Perle roses made the yellow pine flag-staff. We
beheve the work was done by Pennock Brothers.
There was a remarkably fine collection of cut
orchids, in glasses, but no name or number to
identify the exhibitor. Near them Mr. E. D.
Sturtevant had a collection in which were the
pretty rosy purple Rodriguezia secunda, several
varieties of Cattleya allied to C. Mossiae, and the
curious Catasetum occidentale, which seems to
endeavor to make up by a weird sort of beauty the
unpardonable sin in an orchid of lack of fragrance.
There were cut roses of course— no exhibition
now is an exhibition without roses. No. 27 had
some magnificent American Beauties, and if it is to
be regarded as identical with Madame Ferdinand,
she ought to be ashamed of herself for neglecting
in her younger years to make the favorable im-
pression she certainly makes to-day.

Craig Brothers had some of the rarer ones such
as Comptesse de Frigneuse, Bride, and Mad.
Cusin, which we have befcore noted, with the grand

old Niphetos among them as good as any. Evans
and Battles had Meteor also noted last year. At
a little distance one is reminded of the old Louis
Philip in color and size. It is said to be a very
promising florists' rose.

Mr. Schaffer has a large lot of Belladonna lihes
in flower in pots. We suppose they are foreign
grown bulbs. We have never known home grown
bulbs to flower so beautifully.

Cut border flowers made a better display
than usual. Dahlias from Dreer had among them
some few good ones not well known. There were
Hercules, a crimson and brown; Fanny Piirchase,
small yellow; Ovid, a plum color; John McKeyne,
orange, crimson top, and Vicomte Kermoisin, deep
salmon shaded purple. The old Nasturtiums,
Cockscombs, French and African Marigolds, As-
ters, Gaillardias, and Drummond Phloxes were also
from the same exhibitor in a wonderfully improved
state.

Cacti, we suppose from Mr. Blanc, made a
unique appearance. The rat tail or Cereus flag-
elliformis grafted on some of the cylindrical
species was a good idea.

Fruits were almost absent. Mr. Gebhard Hus-
ter, gardener to Miss Hester, had some nice hot-
house grapes, A White Nice weighed 7 pounds.

No, 90 had some remarkably fine bunches of
Gros Colman and Bowood Muscat. No weights
were attached but the former appeared to be
about 15 inches long and 9 inches wide — the
berries about i^ inches in diameter; and the
latter about 18 inches by 12, and the berries about
I inch long.

Gebhard Huster had a nice collection of vege-
tables in which were nice plants of the recently
improved chicory, an excellent salad. A good
idea was having his cut vegetables set in shallow
trays of water which prevented them withering.

Value of Conventions.— A writer in the
American Florist makes a good point against
those who see no use in going to conventions.
They say they learn nothing, and go home feehng
they cannot get twelve cents for a ten-cent bouquet
any more after their return than before they went.
Conventions broaden general intelligence, and if
general inteUigence does not help a man, we may
as well shut up all our schools at once.

Premiums for Horticultural Products. —
Mr, P, J, Berkmans in his annual address, as
President of the Georgia Horticultural Society,
says the plan of no medals or premium money,
has worked admirably so far.

(2yz.^ <y^^-^^^^'

THE

Gardeners' Monthly

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE. ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXIX.

DECEMBER. 1887.

Number 348.

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

I people who do not know how simple and easy it is

I to get varied pleasures from the simple potato.

One of the greatest objects of art is to add to the ] and just so there are hundreds who do not know
pleasures at our command. In the language of j how much more enjoyment they may have at
trade, we desire to "work a thing for all it is [ small cost out of a little piece of garden ground
worth." In gastronomic art, we may pronounce a t than they at present enjoy. Landscape garden

Side Terrace and Lake, Chismere.

potato very good, but we take more pleasure out
of it under certain circumstances, when we add
other articles to it. There are scores of methods,
from potato salad to potatoes simply boiled or
roasted, that add to the simple pleasure of the
tuber itself. There are, however, hundreds of

art, like the gastronomic art, teaches us simply to
get out of the raw material "all it is worth."

In landscape gardening, the artist has to deal

with four leading elements that afifect his work

the earth, the air, the sky and the water.

The good landscape gardener never forgets these

354

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

divisions in his arrangements. It is not always
that he can get them all at command, but he is
happy when he does. Usually little is thought of
but the ground. It is graded, planted and roads
led over it, and it may have some architectural
ornamentation thrown in. But planting with re-
gard to the air — or that which
is above the earth — is seldom
thought of. Few things add
so much to the impression of
extent as glimpses of sky
through shadowy woods or
plantations, and the morn-
ing or evening sun affords
beauties that should
never be planted out.
Air m Us cooling
breezy capacity, in its
sheltermg offices from

tender to the most charming effects when under
the control of a master hand. A fountain, a pool,
even a little rill through a fern garden, will make
a spot almost barren of other charms seem almost
a paradise. When a river or lake can be had there
is no end to the pleasure a country home can give.

-^

Chismere on the Hudson : Residence of Alex. Taylor, Esq.

rude winds, in its influence on health in so many It is not often that we can point our readers to
aspects, is of commanding consideration. illustrations where all these varied elements in land-
Water, when use can be made of it in landscape scape gardening can be happily combined. But
gardening, is possibly one of the greatest attrac- we give to-day a series of sketches from the grounds
tions to a country home, and can be made a of Chismere, on the Hudson, the country resi-

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

355

.dence of Alex. Taylor, Esq, It is enough to bring
tears to the eyes of the enthusiastic landscape
gardener, that it is only at rare intervals in his
life can he get a free use of the best paterial in
his art to deal with ; and envy to those who have
money to spend on garden art that they can so
seldom find such beauty spots on which the artists
in gardening can show their skill.

Lake at Chismere.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE PEPINO OR MELON PEAR.

Accompanying this you will receive, by mail,
two specimens of the fruit of the Pepino or Melon
Pear, grown on my place at Point Pleasant, N. J.,
from plants received last spring from Dr. Gustave
Eisen, of Fresno, Cal. — who discovered this plant
in Guatemala, Central America, and introduced it.

The samples, I regret to say, are neither ripe nor
fully grown, though the plants grew finely and
and blossomed most abundantly all summer — the
flower resembling closely that of the potato.

But from some cause unknown to me, the fruit
failed to " set " until very recently ; too late I fear

to ripen properly, and then only about two pears
to each plant, among literally hundreds of blos-
soms.

The Orchard and Garden of this month men-
tions having grown this plant during the past sum-
mer on their trial grounds at Little Silver, but
failed to set any fruit whatever, but why the O.
and G. calls it Solanum Melongena I do not
understand. The plant dif-
fers materially from the com-
mon egg-plant, in leaf, fruit
and flower — a difference
something more than that of
variety according to my ob-
servations.

Dr. Eisen calls it Solanum
Guatemalense, from its place
of origin. It is claimed for
this plant that its fruit con-
tains no seed. This I think
you will find to be the case
on an e.xamination of the
fruit sent, immature as they
are — this anom-
aly I don't un-
derstand, but
look to you for
some remarks
on the subject.

The fruit differs
from that of Solan-
um Melongena not
only in its absence of seed,
but in the hollow centre, re-
sembling in that particular the
common cantaloupe, which it
is said to resemble also in flavor,
Benson, of Swanwick, 111., who advertises the
Melon pear in his catalogue, says the plants can
be wintered safely in a dry, warm cellar like
potatoes, dahlias, &c., or if properly protected can
remain in the ground.

I shall try both ways. Fearing frost a few days
ago I had one half of the plants dug up and stored
in a cold pit — the others I propose letting remain
in ground with proper protection. Should either
or both survive, will give them another trial next
season. Should no heavy frost intervene for a
fortnight, it is possible some of this fruit may ripen
even yet — in that event you may hear from me
again.

[We suppose it has been regarded as a variety
of the egg-plant, Solanum Melongena, through
the statement of some of those who first sent it

356

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

out. Plants sent us by Dr. Eisen in the spring, as
well as this note from our correspondent, show that
it is quite a distinct species.

Mr. Sereno Watson, of Cambridge, Mass., has
been working up the plants of Guatemela. It
would be best for those who have good specimens
to send them to him, so as to get the exact name.

Many plants perfect their pistils before the
stamens are mature, and hence depend for pollen
for fertilization from other flowers. Only the later
flowers bear fruit. It may be the case here.

Then many plants, as the Banana and Osage
orange, will perfect the fleshy part of the fruit
without any fertilization at all, though seeds are
not produced, and this also may be the case
with the Solanum,— and again, after fertilization,
there is some difficulty in the power of nutrition,
and the ovaries, though fertihzed, abort. Just what
is the case here, can only be told by careful ob-
servation.

The plant evidently requires a long warm sea-
son to perfect itself. We fancy in those locali-
ties where it has a good chance it will be an ad-
mirable plant, and Dr. Eisen deserves much
credit for introducing it. — Ed. G. M.]

ROSES IN THE OPEN GROUND.
BY JOHN L. H. FRANK.

Your remarks on page 264 of the September
number of the Gardeners' Monthly, that roses
are killed in winter by the drying out of moisture,
which cold often causes, is quite valuable to me.
I have heretofore carefully kept my tender roses
dry so as to keep them from rotting in the
ground. I beheve that I have heretofore over-
done the thing by keeping them too dry.

We know how much superior — as a bloomer— is
a rose that has stood in the ground without dis-
turbance for one or more years, to one that is
transplanted every year. This is the case with a
rose that is taken up in the fall, heeled in, pro-
tected against frost through the winter and again
planted in the spring. A plant kept safely through
the winter, root and branch in the open ground, is
worth, in my opinion, four times as much as one
of the same size planted in spring.

If, therefore, a method could be devised by
which tender roses could be safely kept through
winter even at a considerable expense, provided
they required no time, no attention through winter,
it would be very valuable. Roses are a pleasure
to me when cultivated by myself— my profession
keeps me away from home during the day except-

ing for dinner. I would, therefore, have no time to
take care of a greenhouse or pit that required daily
attention, by reason of the short days in winter. I
will try the frames (cold pits) recommended by
your correspondent in the last August number of
the Monthly.

To your correspondent " B " (in September
Monthly) I will say that I have experimented in
keeping the roses named excepting Namenlose
Schone through winter with a covering of dry
leaves and boards over them to keep ofif the snow
and water.

Am. Beauty and Pierre Guillot would probably
live through winter without protection. Perle de
Jardins, Sunsets and others keep alive when pro-
tected, but their tops freeze back and it takes a
long time before they bloom in the summer or fall.
Repeated freezing back to the ground for a num-
ber of successive winters so weakens their consti-
tution that they finally die. The Bride was dead,
root and branch, and cannot with ordinary pro-
tection be kept out of doors over winter.

I have not yet tried to keep the Namenlose
Schone out of doors in the open ground through
winter, but from its appearance it seems more
tender than the Bride and I would no more think
of trying to keep it out of doors through winter by
ordinary protection than the Niphetos.

When I got my Namenlose Schone last spring
it had two buds which developed into two beauti-
ful roses ; none that appeared since do at all com-
pare in beauty to the first two. Our summer having
been very hot and dry may to some extent ac-
count for the defective development of roses since.

The first Namenlose Schone rose that I cut off,
I inserted into a bottle filled with water in which
there had been crimson ink. There was enough
ink left to color the water ; the rose gradually
became crimson — the veins first seemed to fill
which looked like veins of blood in the human
body— finally the whole rose turned red. When
the rose was suffused with crimson it was remark-
ably beautiful. The other roses have not turned
crimson. The rose in question must have been
turned crimson by the ink contained in the water.

The bud is roundish and cream colored with
crimson blotches on the outside petals, similar to
those on the Bride.

The Bride is a much stronger grower than the
Namenlose Schone — has oblong buds and is a
great bloomer.

I find it of advantage to lay down all my roses
in early winter and cover them with leaves and
cornstalks — even the Queen of the Prairies and

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

357

Baltimore Belle I lay down with decided advan-
tage, particularly to the latter.

We have had winters here that killed down to
the ground all my Hybrid Perpetual roses with
one or two exceptions, when they were not bent
down. Bending down to the ground with the
slightest covering will keep most Remontant roses
sound and perfect in all their parts through winter.

Dayton, Ohio.

TO FREE ROSES FROM SLUGS.

BY ANNA GRISCOM.

While visiting the garden of my friend, Mrs.

R , this September (1887), my admiration

was called forth by her remarkably fine roses,
many of which were blooming vigorously. I asked
her how she had kept them in such good condi-
tion. She told me that in the spring, just after the
leaves were formed, she had syringed them well
with suds made of whale-oil soap. She was care-
ful to throw this upward so as to strike the under
surface of the leaves. After once commencing to
bloom, they had continued all summer, and not a
slug was to be seen upon them. While in the C.
E. Cemetery, not far distant, where there are
many roses, none were to be seen without skele-
tonized leaves, or suffering in some way from the
slugs.

As this prevention is so easy to accomplish,
one thorough syringing answering, it is well to
make known Mrs. R.'s experience to those who
have not tried this method. Reading, Pa.

THREE GOOD HARDY BORDER PLANTS.

BY M. H. LESTER.

Anemone Japonica comes first in order of
•merit, and a finer thing can scarcely be imagined
than this most beautiful of herbaceous plants.
They have tall branching flower stems, 2^ to 3
feet high, and commence to bloom about the time
spring flowers are done and last until frost. They
seem to do best in light rich soil and ought not to
be removed or transplanted any oftener than be-
comes absolutely necessary. Usually enough
leaves are collected or blown around the stocks in
the fall to protect them during the winter in very
cold or exposed situations where they need any.
There are three varieties, respectively, alba,
rosea and elegans. I hke the white flowered
variety best, but all are good and should be in
every collection.

The next is Helianthus multiflorus plenus, double

perennial Sunflower. This rare old beauty gives uni-
versal satisfaction and any soil seems to suit it. The
plant grows about 4 feet high, and commences to
bloom about the last of July, bearing many beauti-
ful orange colored flowers as large as dahlias, and
continuing in bloom until frost.

The third is Platycodon grandiflora. This is
one of the Bell-worts, and a very beautiful thing
it is. The plant grows about 2 feet high, and is
covered with its lovely blue flowers from mid-
summer until cut down by frost. There is also a
white variety identical with the above except in
color.

These three plants have come under my notice
at the Botanic Gafden here the past season, and I
trust this notice may have the effect of extending
their cultivation, as they are not near so often met
with as they deserve to be. Washington. D. C.

[The white variety of Platycodon is becoming
popular with cut flower dealers for summer work.
—Ed. G. M.]

«HK» •

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Bedding System.— Mrs. Schuyler Van
Rensselaer, in the Independent, has a vigorous arti-
cle against the bedding system, which for the last
quarter of a century has been a rage. Empty
flower beds in spring, empty beds in early summer,
empty beds all winter.shethinks poor compensation
for a month or two of lively foliage made to look like
a bad carpet. And the cost ! 450,000 plants, she
says, go for this few weeks' pleasure in the Boston
twenty-four-acre public garden.

The Myrobalan Plum. — This is getting some
reputation in the old world as a hedge plant.
They call them Myrobella hedges.

Prunus Pissardi. — In excuse for giving this
garden variety a Latin specific name, it is said
that M. Carriere, of Paris, believed it to be a
species on the representation that it was found
wild at Taurus, a Persian town about 230 miles
from Teheran. He has since fruited it,and seedlings
show it to be only a purple variety of the Myro-
balan plum, as has already been noted in this
magazine. The Purple-leaved Myrobalan plum,
will be the best garden name for it.

Persian Peach. — Because it happened that
Mr. Pissard happened to be gardener to the Shah
of Persia, and found a purple-leaved Myrobalan
plum among green-leaved ones, is no reason why
western nurserymen should call Prunus Pissardi
the Persian plum. A Hybrid Perpetual rose has

358

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

now been called Rosa Pissardi, and perhaps we
shall have this dubbed the Persian rose.

The Golden Larch. — This Asiatic species,
Larix Kaempferi, is getting popular in Europe.

Hybrid Rhododendron. — It has been said that
the common Mountain laurel, Rhododendron maxi-
mum, has not been used as a parent in producing
the beautiful hybrids that adorn our gar-
dens. The very pretty and very hardy kind,
known as the Queen, looks as if it might have
some of the Maximum constitution in it, and besides
this appearance it flowers later than most others,
bridging the period of flowering nicely between
the two.

Value of Tuberoses. — It is said that first-class
tuberoses which once sold readily for $20 per
1000, now bring in the south only $5. A few
extra ones may bring $6 or $j.

The Japan Umbrella Pine. — A correspondent
of the Garten Zietung communicates some par-
ticulars of a specimen of this singular and distinct
conifer that is growing in the garden of Max
Daniel Wolterbeek, Valkenburg, near Arnheim,
in Holland. It was planted where it now stands,
in a very exposed situation, twenty years ago, and
is a healthy and beautifully formed tree. Moreover,
it has never suffered in the least from frost or
other climatal influences. Of pyramidal shape, it
is nearly 13 feet high, with a circumference of a
little over 21 feet. Last year — or rather the year
before last now— it bore for the first time two ripe
cones, and the seed produced fifteen seedlings.
Last summer it bore only one ripe cone. Many
other handsome conifers exist in the select col-
lection at Valkenburg. The soil is sand and peat.

Bergamot Flowers. — For those who want to
have at the same time beautiful border flowers
that will easily take care of themselves, and flow-
ers that are very attractive to the bees, there is
nothing better than the different kinds of berga-
mot, or, as we should say, Monarda. First there
is an early and dwarf kind of Monarda fistulosa,
known as M. mollis. By the time this is over the
scarlet M. didyma comes in ; it has several pretty
varieties. In July to the ist of August, the real
old-fashioned bergamot, M. fistulosa, comes in.
So that for over two months thes° will give a suc-
cession of bee-food and beauty.

Hollyhock Culture.— It seems now to be
generally admitted that the fungus that seized on
the Hollyhock and for a time swept it out of Eng-
lish and American gardens followed impious

methods of propagation. It was the same scurvy-
treatment of the grape-vine which, nearly a quarter
of a century ago, sent a death-chill through grape
culture over this continent.

Madeira Vine. — Amid the many candidates
for summer vines, we must not lose sight of the
good old Madeira vine, Boussingaultia baselloides.
The tuberous roots are easily kept over winter,
dry, safe from frost.

Noxious Properties of the Laburnum. — It
has long been known that this very beautiful small
tree has properties occasionally noxious to cattle.
Other allied species are said to be equally blameable.
We hear no complaints, however, though the plant
is rather common in gardens.

Sophora Japonica. — This tree, better known in
America under its pendulous form, makes a very
noble tree when fully developed. The whitish
yellow flowers are in racemes like those of the
locust. We have seen flowering trees in the
vicinity of Rochester, Bethlehem, Philadelphia,
and other parts of the Union, but we do not know
who has the finest specimen.

The finest specimen in Europe, M. Andre says,
is probably at the village of Villennes, on the bor-
ders of the Seine, near Poissy. This was planted
in 1795. ^^ i^ ''^ ^^*^ middle of the public park
there. The head has a spread of one hundred and
thirty-three feet, and is of a proportional height.
The trunk has a circumference 13^ feet. So far
as we can remember the American specimens
referred to would be about four feet in circum-
ference.

The Tuberose in South Africa. — A corre-
spondent from Natal tells the Gardeners" Chroni-
cle :

" For several years Tuberose bulbs, in number
a few hundred, were simply cultivated, not propa-
gated, their possibilities unthought of. About five
years since, however, they were taken in hand,
and a different culture began. Instead of the
bulbs being allowed to occupy the same ground
j year after year without transplanting or division of
I any kind, they were regularly lifted about June,
I growth bemg then at a halt, the offsets taken off,
and replanted the following spring (September).

" I shall describe the method followed in a ten
acre field, which is daily under my notice. In
October last year, the dry grass having being burnt
off, the ground — perfectly virgin soil — was broken
up with a large American plough drawn by twelve
oxen ; the few large boulders lying about were
removed. For a first crop Mealies (Maize) were
sown broadcast and harrowed in. The next thing
was to get the field enclosed with a good bank and
ditch and barbed-wire fence. Owing to a press of
work the Mealies grew up untouched by hoe or

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

359

cultivator of any kind, yet, thanks to the good
season, an average crop of fair-sized cobs was
gathered last April.

" As is generally the custom here, during the
winter, the cattle were turned in to feed off the
cornstalks. In August last all was burnt that
would burn, and the ground thoroughly ploughed,
cross-ploughed, and harrowed twice, grass and
Mealie roots gathered and burnt. The soil being
in a fine friable condition, furrows were struck out
two feet apart with a small iron plough and a
couple of horses, a simple marking-machine drawn
up and down the drills, and the sets planted six
inches apart, and hoed in. Weeds are very care-
fully kept down, and with our heavy summer
rains the growth of the plant is rapid. About
midsummer (December) the splendid spikes of
bloom expand, and continue till mid-winter (June);
indeed, in this locality, 2800 feet above the sea, I
am convinced that, with a little management in
planting successional batches, they could be had
in flower in the open ground throughout the year.
For so little frost have we, that tomatoes gener-
ally continue to ripen fruit in the open through the
winter ; when in Maritzburg, about 200 feet below
us, they are invariably killed by the cold. Can-
not the Tuberose be flowered in the open — at least
in the south of England ? 1 venture to ask»your
readers to try. The climate of this colony is par-
ticularly well suited for the cultivation of bulbous-
rooted plants — a hot, moist summer, followed by
a dry, cool winter; and, I will add, this locality is
favored above many others for Tuberose culture.
We miss the winter rains of the coast, and escape
the up-country hailstorms. A rough estimate gives
about fifty acres under Tuberoses in this colony,
and the number of bulbs now in the ground nearly
3,000,000,"

Ornamental Birches. — The birches deserve
more attention than they have received. The black
birch, in open ground, forms a stately, rpund-
headed tree and its numerous slender, finely di-
vided branches, sometimes drooping, lend grace-
fulness to its aspect. Upon the borders of a pond
or by a brook it is a charming tree, its spray often
touching the water.

The yellow birch rarely has the opportunity of
development in the open ground, but, left to itself,
it is a tree which limbs low, sending out a large
number of long lithe branches, forming a semi-
orbicular head of imposing dimensions. A tree
known to the essayist, which came up from a
crevice in a ledge of rock, in time threw out huge
surface roots which grappled the rock with a
titanic hold, until having fed from soil which they
finally reached, it grew to a spread of fifty feet,
forming in summer a huge mound of foilage, and
in the ice storms of winter a crown of sparkling,
dazzling beauty, which even in his boyhood he
looked upon with admiring wonder. This tree
■was cut down for a cord of wood !

The paper white birch or canoe birch reaches
its fullest development farther north than Massa-
chusetts. Vet in the cooler hill regions of the
State it is a fine tree, and if planted will grow wel^
even much farther south. In the open ground it
develops a stately head, broadly oval in outline-
with rich dark green foliage. But its characteris-
tic beauty is seen in the forest or mingled with a
thicket of other trees. There it shoots up with a
straight, slender, milky-white stem, without a limb
until it overtops its companions of other kinds
with its thick-leaved top, one of the neatest, most
graceful trees of the New England woods. It has
been fitly termed " The lady of the forest." For
tree grouping it is^one of the best.

The red birch is rare in Massachusetts, yet,
numbers of them are found upon the river banks
for several miles above and below Lowell. This
tree when fully developed is conspicuous for its
large dense head, formed by long, slender, some-
what drooping branches, a fringe-like spray often
crowding the larger limbs near the trunk. It is
also noticeable for its copper-colored bark, the
outer layers, upon the limbs and upon the trunks,
not too old, hanging loosely in long rugged strips.
Alone or among others it is a striking tree, and one
of the best for growth by quick-flowing streams,
serving at once to hold their banks and to add
beauty to the scene. The wood is also valuable.

The little gray birch, commonly called white
birch, is associated with barrenness, poverty and
neglect. Yet its fastigiate style of branching, its
jaunty catkins in early spring, twirling like things
alive, and the notable beauty of its foliage in sum-
mer, should recommend it to our favorable regard.
If we had to purchase it as a foreign tree we
should esteem it a fine acquisition fOr the tree
border or the lawn. Certainly it is one of Nature's
restorers of worn-out land, and a valuable pro-
tective nurse for other seedlings.

The birches deserve the attention of tree-
growers, whether planting in masses for fuel and
timber or for scenic effect. A well arranged group
of our native birches would be a delight to any
lover of trees, and planted singly, in open grounds,
they are all attractive.

[Read before the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society by Levi W. Russell.]

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Improvement in the China Aster. — The
Germans, who have done so much to improve

360

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[ December,

these flowers, that they have come to be better
known as German Asters than under their own
name, continue their useful work in that line.
Every year brings us some successful effort
in wholly new lines. A few years ago, we
had a race of floriferous dwarfs introduced
It is being continually re-inforced by addi-
tional forms, among which is the Triumph
Aster, of which we have the following de-
scription from Haage & Schmidt :

"Triumph Aster, deep scarlet. — This nov-
elty is undoubtedly the most beautiful and
most perfect of all dwarf-Asters, not only
concerning the habit of the plants, but also
relative to the form and beauty of the flow-
ers. It forms an entirely new class, repro-
ducing itself true from seed and attains a
height of but 7 to 8 inches. At the time
when it shows its buds it resembles in
habit somewhat the Dwarf Chrysanthemum
Aster, but in developing its large, hand-
some and beautifully shaped flowers it
assumes quite another aspect. The flowers
bend, on account of their weight, a little
at varying angles, but do not droop so as to im-
pair their beauty, each plant forming an elegant
bouquet of itself, as may best be seen by the an-
nexed illustration which is accurately engraved
from a painting we had made of a medium sized
plant. The individual flowers measure from 2j^
to 3 inches across and are of the most faultless
Pceony-form, all petals being beautifully incurved.

in full bloom it changes to a magnificent satiny
deep scarlet, presenting thus with these two bril-
liant colors a lovely sight. It produces its flowers

Comet Aster.

The color is peculiarly rich and brilliant, when
beginning to bloom it is a pure scarlet, but when

• Triumph Aster.

in great abundance, each plant bears at least
thirty to forty flowers of exquisite beauty. This
novelty, while it was in full bloom, attracted great
attention of all visitors to our gardens and was
pronounced by all to be the most perfect and
most charming of all dwarf Asters cultivated up
to this day. As it does not produce a single tall
plant it is well adapted for borders, groups, carpet-
bedding or for pot culture."

The, large class also has been so far improved
as to be striped somewhat as the well known
Comet Marigold is marked, and which has been
selected for the name of the new race. Introduc-
ing a new shade in this race, the same firm says
of it:

*' Comet Aster, deep rose. — Pure deep rose
flowered variety of the new tribe introduced by us
last season, with very large and extremely double
flowers similar in shape to the Japanese Chrysan-
themum."

Rose, Crown Princess Victoria. — This is a
strong growing, yellowish white Bourbon rose,
that is attracting a great deal of attention in
Germany.

Zebra Zinnias. —A strain of Zinnias with striped
florets, was exhibited by Mr. L. W. Goodell, at
the meeting on September 3d, of the Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society.

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

361

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Landscape Lawn Cemeteries.— Dr. L. C.
Diedrickson, Aarhus, Denmark, writes : " I have
noticed with great interest what has occasionally
come to my knowledge about the landscape lawn
system for cemeteries in America. Wishing for
more information upon this interesting subject, I
beg to put the query : Are there any detailed
plans or descriptions published of the ' Spring
Grove,' or any other cemetery in the United States
distinguished by a high style of art in the way of
landscape gardening ? If so, where are such plans
or descriptions to be obtained ?

" If nothing of the kind exists I beg leave to sug-
gest, if you do not believe it would be gladly

hailed by many of your readers if, under the head
of ' Hints on Tasteful Landscape Gardening,' you
were to impart some information on this very
interesting subject. Hoping you will kindly par-
don my above queries and suggestion, I have
the honor to sign myself."

[In the various reports of Spring Grove Cemetery
published, there is much given that would suit the
wants of our correspondent. The cemetery owes
much of its great beauty to the encouragement
given by Henry Probasco, Esq., the well known
public spirited citizen of Cincinnati, and we are
quite sure he would have great pleasure in send-
ing any that may still be on hand, to parties
desiring to profit by what has been so well done
there.— Ed. G. M.]

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

TUBEROUS ROOTED BEGONIAS AS FALL
DECORATIVE PLANTS.

BY CULTIVATOR.

Few things will reward the ci^livator with better
results for the labor bestowed upon them, than the
above. Their usefulness as fall decorative sub-
jects for the conservatory is unsurpassed. From a
packet of seed obtained from Messrs. Laing &
Sons, of London, England, and sown at the begin-
ning of last March, we have at the time of
writing a grand display of the most gorgeous
colors, ranging from the most dazzling scarlet
down to pure white, some of the flowers measur-
ing from 3 to 4 inches in diameter. Two parts
leaf mould (put through a //(-inch sieve) to one
of sand, is a capital compost in which to sow the
seed. We use 6-inch pots, three parts filled with
crocks, to insure perfect drainage, which is a matter
ofparamountimportance.asthey are very impatient
of the least excess of moisture. Fill to within )4-
inch of the top with the compost, pressing it gently.
Give a gentle watering with a fine rose watering
pot, after which sow the seed. A slight dash of
fine clean sand can then be thrown over the seed,
but this must be very slight. Place, if possible,
in a gentle bottom heat with an atmospheric tem-
perature of about 65O. Cover the pots with a

pane of glass, over which put a sheet of paper to
exclude the light until germination commences,
when it must be removed, as they must have all
the light possible, shading only from strong sun-
shine. They must be pricked out when very
small. This is a very delicate operation, and
must be performed with the greatest of care. Use
very shallow boxes for the purpose, filled with
the same compost as that in which they were
sown. They must be carefully shaded and
watered ; any neglect of either, if only for a very
short time, may prove fatal to them in their young
state. For although they are of very robust habit
after they once get established into 4 or 5-inch
pots, yet in their young state I know of few things
that require more care and vigilance, on the part
of the cultivator. In about four weeks from the
time in which they were transferred to boxes, they
will be ready to pot off into very small pots, using
equal parts of loam and leaf mould, with a liberal
amount of sand. They must afterward be potted
on as required, giving small shifts in preference to
large ones, using light rich soil, with as much
fibre as possible, and being careful to have the
pots well drained. About the end of May ours
were removed outside and placed on the north
side of a high wall where the sun only shone upon
them for a short time early in the morning and
late in the afternoon. By the middle of August
they reached 5 and 6-inch pots ; when the cooler

362

THE GARDENERS" MONTHLY

[December,

dewy nights of September arrived they made
rapid progress and were housed the first of October,
where they are now in full beauty and likely to
continue so until late in November.

South Virginia, Oct. 17th, 1887.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Daffodils. — The named varieties of Daffodils
now exceed 500 in some famous European cata-
logues. They are divided into separate classes
like Chrysanthemums, Tulips, or other florists'
flowers.

Carnation, Souvenir de Malmaison. — For
ten or a dozen years past this has continued to be
the leading variety grown by leading European
florists. It is a very large flesh color, but not
near floriferous enough to satisfy American profits.

Cockscombs. — Thirty-four inches from tip to
tip is the size of some prize flowers at an English
show.

California Cut Flowers. — Whether flowers
can be successfully shipped east or not may be a
question, but it is evident the Pacific men have
faith in it. The Southern California Floral Com-
pany, with a capital of $100,000, has just been in-
corporated. Mr, Emory C. Smith is General
Manager.

ACHIMENES. — We have seen the present season
the various kinds of Achimenes employed in boxes
for window gardening and in vases, and they
thrive admirably except in a very hot and sunny
place. They should be more generally used.

Geraniums at the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society. — This society is very well
patronized by contributors. At the meeting of
Sept. loth there were no less than thirty-eight
entries for competition in Geraniums alone. This
was in response to a premium offered to children
and young people for specimens of window culture.

Beauty of Glazewood Rose. — This rose,
being a sport, does not always retain its true
character, but when it is in its own dress is hand-
some enough. Arthur Robinson in Revue de
f Horticulture Beige for July, has a strong
article in its praise. He regards it as one of the
very best climbing roses outside of the perpetual
blooming class.

Puritan Rose. — Mr. Wm, Paul explains that
the French are in error in attributing the naming
of this rose to the celebrated yacht of that name,

but like that yacht, had its name suggested by the
" Puritan fathers of American history."

A Monster Double White Camellia. — In
the gardens of G. F. Lyndon, Esq., The Henburys,
Mosely, Birmingham, there is a very fine double
v^hite Camellia, 17 ft. high and 17 ft. through, in
the best of health, and a well-furnished symmetri-
cal specimen, from which 4,000 flowers were taken
this year. The tree is in a greenhouse devoted
almost entirely to it, and is growing in a large
square box, 7 ft. square and 3 ft. deep, and stands
on a revolving axis of iron-work, so that the plant
can be turned round at pleasure. Mr. Bluck, the
gardener, states that he keeps the tree liberally
syringed and well supplied with water, using liquid
manure also. For some years this Camellia has
borne a local reputation for its size and the great
number of flowers annually produced. It would
be interesting to know if there are many other
Camellias under glass, and growing in England,
which will compare with this plant in size and
form. Some of your readers may be able to give
some information. — D. in Gardening World.

Wreath Making. — The Journal of Horticul-
ture says :

" The first step after having decided the required
size of the wreath when completed will be to form
a circle, which is most frequently used, and for
which I have adopted the name of "skeleton."
These skeletons are very deceptive, and it is one
of the commone# errors with the uninitiated to
make these much too large, and if the supply of
flowers be somewhat scant the wreath in turn will
present a very lean appearance. With a view of
overcoming this I will briefly cite one or two
examples. Presuming, then, that a wreath when
complete is required to be about 12 inches in
diameter, the size of the skeleton on which to build
it should not exceed 6 inches in diameter when
flowers such as Chrysanthemums and Camellias
are in season, but which may be increased to 7 or
8 inches when choice flowers, as double Primulas,
Bouvardias, Roman Hyacinths, and Lily of the
Valley, are employed. The diameter of the first-
named may be a surprise to many ; it is, however^
fully justified by experience, and is more readily
understood if the breadth of a very ordinary
Chrysanthemum, Camellia, or Eucharis be taken
into account ; with a moderate-sized flower of
either of these, and some smaller sprays to furnish
the sides, and with Fern fringing the inner and
outer margins, it will be seen how easily the size
may be increased twofold. My idea of a full-sized
wreath when finished and ready tor use is 15 or 16
inches in diameter (above that size I term them
specials), and for this size a skeleton of 9 inches
diameter will be ample.

" Having shown, then, something of how the
size may be gauged, we must now construct the
skeleton, and for this purpose galvanized iron wire

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

363

will be found to answer well. Having got this
into shape and of required size, next secure a hazel
or willow to it and round the interior. This will
prevent the wire revolving in the hands of the
operator, and which frequently misplaces a flower
or two, thereby causing inconvenience and annoy-
ance. Having secured the hazel or willow to the
wire, some fresh green moss 'should be bound
tightly over it with small twine, which when fin-
ished should be slightly flattened. When this is
done a firm surface about an inch, wide will be the
result, and all will be ready for placing the flowers.
There are several other ways of preparing these
skeletons, some binding them with cotton wool,
which I object to, on the ground of a green base
for the flowers to rest upon being more suitable.
Further, when the bulk of the flowers are arranged
it frequently happens that by inserting small choice
bits here and there a great improvement is made
in the wreath. This may be done easily where
moss is employed as a foundation, having a piece
of stem wire to pierce the moss, and doubling it
back as it emerges from the opposite side secures
it in position. When cotton wool is used it will
not allow of wire passing through it. For these
reasons, and for the fact that moss retains the
moisture considerably longer than cotton wool,
which robs the flowers of the little moisture which
is about them, I am strongly in favor of a moss
foundation. Wreath skeletons made in various
sizes are sold by horticultural sundriesmen, but all
I have seen are anything but suitable for the pur-
pose. They consist of two wires arranged in
circles at about i y^ inches apart, and fixed by about
four cross wires. This leaves a large cavity with
which it is difficult to deal, and also uses an
immense amount of binding wire in the work of
arranging the flowers. One of'ithe simplest con-
trivances I have seen is made of block tin cut m
circles about three-quarters of an inch in width, or
they may be made of scraps and soldered together.
In the latter way, though a little more trouble in
making, they are firmer than when cut out in one
piece. Any tinman will make them. I have used
these in quantity in sizes ranging from 5 to 12
inches in diameter."

Arrangement of Flowers in Wreaths. —
The Journal of Horticulture gives the following
hints to beginners :

" It may not be out of place for a moment to
refer to the arrangement of a wreath, though, as I
before remarked, much will depend on individual
taste. Presuming, then, the flowers are cut, such
as Bouvardias, Lily of the Valley, Roman Hya-
cinths, Gardenias, Tuberoses, Eucharis, Azaleas,
and double Primulas will need wiring, and Camel-
lias and Roses will need piercing, the former on
account of the custom to twist otT the flowers with
no wood attached, hence stemless, and to prevent
them from falling; and the latter to keep them
from becoming too gaping. If at hand some small
sprays of Cupressus Lawsoniana will be service-
able, and assist in the economizing of Maidenhair
Fern, which is generally a scarce article at this
time of year. Begin the arrangement, then, by

laying a spray of Cypress, and upon which place
a frond of Maidenhair, the latter somewhat pro-
truding and not too flat ; then comes a Camellia,
Eucharis, or Gardenia — or, in fact, any of the
larger and more prominent flowers to occupy the
centre, filling in the sides with smaller flowers. Lily
of the Valley, Deutzia gracilis, and Roman Hya-
cinths do well for fringing the sides. Continue the
use of the Cypress, and insert here and there a
small spray of Fern, firmly binding them as you
proceed, and using a small pinch of moss on the
stems of the flowers. This will keep the wire from
cutting the stems, and will also supply moisture
to them. Always avoid a heavy arrangement and
overcrowding, and allow as far as possible the
flowers to assume their natural position. Use the
flowers in as much variety as possible, and, if pro-
curable, a few well-colored sprays of Panicum
variegatum will be found very pretty and effective
jutting out here and there. It is productive, too,
of lightness and elegance, which should character-
ize the arrangement throughout, and with it and
Maidenhair Fern interspersed among the flowers
a very pleasing and elegant wreath may be formed.
In case of packing this is easily done by placing a
stick across the skeleton, allowing it to rest on
either side under the flowers, and attach a string
to its centre; then make two holes in the bottom
of the box. pass the string through and fasten se-
curely underneath, it will travel safely thus, and
the person unpaclcing it will see at a glance how
it is secured."

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

A New Kidney Scaled Fern (see illustra-
tion on next page). — Among the easiest ferns
to grow are the various forms of " Kidney
Scaled Ferns" or Nephrolepis, and some few
of them are common in window and room garden-
ing. We give herewith an illustration of a new
variety of a species natural to the Fiji Islands.
It was introduced to cultivation by the firm of
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, near London.
It has at once taken a stand in popular favor, and
was recently exhibited at a meeting of the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society. We have the fol-
lowing account of its origin and special features
from Messrs. Veiich & Sons :

" Nephrolepis rufescens tripinnatifida. — This
is unquestionably the handsomest and most
effective of all the forms of the widely distributed
Nephrolepis rufescens yet discovered ; it is a
native of the Fiji Islands. The fronds are tufted,
erect or sub erect, 2 to 3 feet high ; the stipes and
rachides are of a glossy red-brown color and
clothed with ferrugineous tomentum. The pinnae
are much cut and divided into segments in endless

364

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

it

r'

'.f^F

f'

^'

1^

variety as to length and form, the lower pinnse
being the simpler, gradually becoming more com-
plex upwards. The aspect of the plant is light

and graceful in the extreme ; for the decoration of
the stove and for baskets, it is the finest plumose
Fern known."

188;.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

365.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

CELERY AT KALAMAZOO.

BY JOHN VAN BOCHOVE.

I saw a note in Editorial Notes about Kalama-
zoo Celery, saying it would be interesting to know
the cost of land per acre, etc. I thought I would
give you a few notes which you can publish or
not, as you may see fit.

It is estimated that two thousand acres are under
cultivation. From which, nearly all, two crops
are taken, and occasionally three crops in one
season. Eighteen hundred persons, including
men and the members of their families, are en-
gaged in the cultivation of this vegetable ; and
thirty-five hundred people who get their living
either directly or indirectly from celery. Twenty
and thirty and not infrequently fifty tons are
shipped daily during the shipping season, which
commences July ist and continues until the celery
is all disposed of, which is usually before January
1st. The lumber for the boxes used in packing
the vegetable alone cost |2o,ooo last season.
Land which formerly would have been considered
dear at ^30 per acre, is now held at from two to
eight hundred dollars per acre, according to loca-
tion.

The demand is excellent this season. The grow-
ers will commence to coop the first of next week
and have most of it in by Nov. ist, when we may
expect cold weather. The price is fair this sea-
son. The grower receiving 15 cents per dozen
stalks. The amount of celery shipped from here
this season will crowd one-half million dollars
pretty close. The crop is very fine notwithstand-
ing the severe drouth we have had all summer.

Kalamazoo, Mich.

CARE OF PLANTS ON ARRIVAL.

BY P. M. AUGUR.

Customers on receiving Strawberry plants
should care for them immediately. If the ground
on which they are to be set is not in condition to
receive them, they should be heeled into the
ground at once in a shady, moist place, instead of
allowing them to remain in the package for several
days, as is often done. Expensive plants should

be put in single and'wifh care; not in bunches.
If possible, however, the soil should be ready for
the plants before they arrive, so that they can be
set at once in the place intended for them.
In case of extreme drought it is advisable to wait
for rain and set later, rather than to run the risk
of losing plants. If set in warm, dry weather,
the roots should be dipped in a muddle just before
setting, taking care lo have the crown of the plant
even with the surface of the ground when set, and
having the soil pressed firmly around the plant;
after setting, the plants should be mulched in dry
weather,* with coarse litter or berry baskets or
boxes. Keep the soil in good cultivation until the
ground freezes, and then mulch the whole surface
over with coarse manure, hay or straw, or what-
ever is most convenient. In the spring this mulch
should be partially removed, loosened or adjusted
so as to let the plants grow through. The mulch
in spring and summer will help keep the weeds
down, protect the berries from dirt during the
fruiting season, and help hold the moisture in the
soil in case of drought. A little extra care at the
right time will often prevent loss of plants, and
bring a large increase of profit for the expendi-
ture. Middlefield, Conn.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The American Apple Crop. — These are more
abundant in the east than usual, though poor in
the west, and prices are on the whole fair. It is
found by experience that it does not pay to keep
orchards of apple trees after they once begin to
pass their prime. Those make the most money
who have young orchards continually coming on.

American Apples in England. — No less than
1 5,000 barrels of apples were received in Covent
Garden market, London, during the week ending
December 9th, 1886, and these were considered
but the balance of a much larger quantity received
during the week previous. These were all shipped
from Canadian ports.

The Original Bartlett Pear Tree. — This
tree of the Williams Bon Chretien, distributed by
Mr. Bartlett from a tree on his grounds that had
been imported but had lost its name, is still grow-

366

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[December,

ing at Roxbury. The grounds now belong to a
religious organization known as the Little Sisters
of the Poor.

Le Conte Pear. — This is not advocated in
Florida as equal in eating qualities to the best of
the common pears, but thpy cannot get good pears
of the old kind to grow well in Florida. But they
are fair eating, for all, when wrapped in paper and
put in a close place. They make admirable pre-
serves, and perry from it is better than cider. The
public has taken hold of it. Everybody buys it,
and it is considered a remunerative kind to grow.

Peaches Grafted on the White Thorn.— It
will not be at all wonderful should that be proved
which is now only probable, that the peach and
the plum will hybridize. Mr. Ed. Lefort, Secre-
tary of the Horticultural Society of Meaux, has
seen peaches grafted on the English Hawthorn.
He says the trees are remarkably vigorous, and
produce annually abundant crops.

A Good Peach Year in the East. — It is said
that the peaches exhibited before the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society this year, have been better
than for many years.

Local Peaches. — Local varieties are getting
into such prominence as to very much worry those
who grow trees to supply the whole Union. In a
long list which we recently saw of popular peaches
in Florida, all were wholly unknown to nurseries
generally. It is more or less so all over the country.

Foster Peaches — raised at San Bernardino,
California, last autumn, measured 13 to 14 inches
round, and three weighed a pound and three-
quarters.

Stocks for Peach and Plum. — It is said the
peach and plum do not do well on stocks of the
Chickasaw breed, in Florida.

More Japan Plums. — Mr. Burbank, of Sacra-
mento, has fruited forty-three varieties, and has
selected two of these as being remarkably fine ;
one six weeks earlier in ripening than the Kelsey.
Of these, the editor of the Pacific Rural Press
says:

" These fruits are exceedingly interesting. The
first mentioned is the larger. The specimens sent
are almost globular, being 634^ inches around hor-
izontally, and 6_^ inches around vertically — thus
a shade broader than deep. The color is dark
red, almost solid color, except a shghtly lighter
shade in the suture. The bloom is thin and of a
lilac shade. The flesh is dark red — sohd color
from skin to pit, firm, rather juicy, and of good
flavor. Pit very small ; ^ by ^ inch.

"The smaller plum mentioned by Mr. Burbank
is also almost globular, being 5;^ inches around
horizontally, and 5^^ inches around vertically;
rich cherry red, slightly mottled with yellow, and
freely dotted with the same tint ; flesh deep yellow,
juicy, very sweet, and of fine somewhat peculiar
but very agreeable flavor. The pit is also very
small ; 34; by a shade over yi inch.

"It seems to us these plums are very desirable.
The smallness of the pits of the true Japanese
varieties is striking. A plum 3^ inches in diam-
eter with a pit but half an inch, is a point of notice
and value. We should advise Mr. Burbank to
multiply his stock of these varieties."

Slag as a Fertilizer. — We give below a par-
agraph from the Scientific American because it is
important to the cultivator of the soil to know what
is going on in these things. We give it rather as
in the nature of a warning, than an endorse-
ment, for all experiments to get value out of these
articles have failed. It seems that to be beneficial
they must first have first entered into the structure
of a plant or an animal. There is no more com-
mon element in natural soils than potash. It is a
component of feldspar that goes to make up a
large portion of soil on granite foundations. Yet
there are no poorer soils than these, unless heavily
manured. But wood ashes, or the potash that is
obtained from vegetable matter is often very val-
uable for fertilizing. So we know that the phos-
phate of lime derived from bones, or the tertiary
shell formations of Charleston, or the rotten shells
in the sands of New Jersey, is wholesome food for
plants, — but we very much doubt whether phos-
phate of lime derived from limestone and phos-
phoric acid would amount to much. If this were
so, we might have a phosphate factory near every
limekiln. We should hesitate before paying $20
a ton for phosphatic slag, however many "able
scientists" backed it up.

''The slag from the Thomas-Gilchrist process for
making steel has long been supposed to have val-
uable properties as a manure. In the Bessemer
converter, there is a lining of hme which, in the
process of manufacturing the steel, takes up a
large percentage of phosphorus, in the form of
phosphoric acid. Phosphate of lime has been
used as an artificial manure, in a variety of forms,
with very beneficial results on most lands. It was
thought that the basic cinder obtained in the
Thomas-Gilchrist process might, from its large
percentage of lime and phosphoric acid, have a
manurial value.

" Some two or three years ago, experiments in
this direction were undertaken in Germany by M.
Fleisher and others, and from the data which they
obtained, it appeared that under certain conditions
basic slag had a very marked influence upon
crops grown on soils which had been top-dressed
with it. It was ground into a very fine powder.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

367

and then the acids of the soil were able to dissolve
the phosphoric acid which it contained ; and it
was then in a condition to be readily assimilated
by plants. Attention is again being called to this
point in consequence of a series of similar experi-
ments which have been carried out by Dr. Munro,
at Downton, for the North Eastern Steel Com-
pany, and which fully confirm the earlier experi-
ments of the German investigators. It was thought
that probably the slag would be more efficacious
if it were first converted into a "superphosphate,"
in a similar manner to bones ; but Dr. Munro and
Mr. Wrightson seem to think that this is unneces-
sary, if care be taken to have the basic cinder in
as pure a state of division as possible.

" As basic slag is a waste product, and hitherto
has had no industrial application, it ought to be
obtainable at a much cheaper rate than the Cana-
dian apatite, coprolites, and bone manures, which
have untjl recently been the chief artificial fertili-
zers used in agriculture. Dr. Griffiths has recently,
in papers read before the Chemical Society of
London, advocated the use of iron sulphate as a
manure, and as basic slag contains a considerable
quantity of iron in the same condition of oxidation
as in ferrous sulphate, it may also have some effect
upon the manurial value ot the Thomas-Gilchrist
slag."

Under-draining. — This' has not made much
headway in our country, because land is cheap.
The cost of draining is often more than the market
price of the ground. It pays better to have half a
crop than a whole crop at so much outlay of ready
cash. But times are changing. The advance in
the value of land will make underdraining profit-
able. Not only soils that are always wet, but
those that bake in a dry time, are benefited by
under-draining. Double the crops can be had
for the same labor on such soils when under-
drained.

Wearing Out of Varieties.— It is amazing
how old questions, long since settled, continually
come up for discussion. It would pay speakers to
examine files of standard publications before
wasting public time in giving thoughts derived
from their own limited experience. We have
known some favored grower of a white Doyenne
pear, argue that the variety is as good as ever, in
face of hundreds of examples that the fruit is
valueless from a fungus attack having worn it out,
— and in like manner the well-known fact that in
a large number of localities the famous Albany
seedling strawberry has lost the power of produc-
ing hermaphrodite flowers, and yields only stami-
nate ones, goes for nothing at all with those in
whose localities it still happens to hold its own.

It has come to be a well-known deduction, we
thought, that varieties sometimes do and some-

times do not wear out. Some hold on longer than
others, while some soon get unhealthy. It seems
to be a law of nature that all things, sooner or
later, shall wear out. Some go earlier than others.
Some children die young, — some last to be centu-
rions. Thousands of species of plants have been
on the earth, as fossil botany shows, that have
worn out and been replaced ; though some, like the
sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis, have endured
from the first till now. There is no reason to be-
lieve that varieties have any greater power than
species. Some die young, some last a good while,
all wear out in time.

New Fruits by Hybridization.— The leading
scientific minds of England, instead of teaching
that hybrids are generally sterile, mostly believe
that many of the leading kinds of fruits and flow-
ers in cultivation, the history of which is lost,
came through species hybridizing. In regard to
this origin, however, Mr. Rivers recently stated
his belief that the peach has been improved by
selection and not by hybridization. In a recent
discussion he said :

" As regards the range of variation of plants of
pure descent, he would mention the many new
fruits raised by his father, Mr. Thomas Rivers, to
which he had himself added, in continuation of
his father's labors. Take the peaches for exam-
pie ; they were of pure descent ; the peach had
never been hybridized. Certainly there was no
known record or evidence of such an occurrence,
therefore all peaches were peaches pur et simple.
Yet how various in character, and not only differ-
ent in size, season, color and flavor, but in the
smoothness or otherwise of the skin ; for Nectarines
were true peaches derived from the peach-stone,
and he had seen both fruits in perfection on the
same tree, and even on the same branch."

Fruits of Japan. — H. H, Berger says :
"The principal fruits of Japan are the persim-
mon, chestnut, orange, different plums, loquat,
i Prunus tomentosa, some very poor sorts of peaches,
j apricots, a small and sour apple, and a very hard
j and tasteless pear. Their berry fruit is small and
1 sour. The persimmon is raised all over the coun-
I try ; wherever you travel these stately, beautiful
trees, with their glossy green foliage, gre'et the
I eye.

[ " After a most careful research I could only find
the following varieties of plums indigenous to
Japan : The Botankin or Kelsey's plum, which
needs no description, being too well known ; the
Hattankin, which is in reality only a sub-variety
of the Botankin, differing somewhat in coloring of
fruit ; the Nagate or Botan, a round, reddish blue
plum, half early ; the Shviata Bene or Uwase,
called here the " blood plum," on account of its
red flesh ; the Nagame o Smomo, a yellow plum ;
the Shire Smomo, a whitish plum, late ripening
I (more of a gage), and one very early ripening

368

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

plum, called Yosobe, a round, yellowish plum,
with rich, red bloom overspreading it. The Pru-
nus Mume is the commonest plum of Japan, a
small, greenish fruit, extremely acrid and dis-
agreeable. It is pickled in brine by the natives,
and as such, much relished. Other varieties of
plums, which have come into the- market under
the name of Japan Plums, are only European
sorts which have come into the hands of the
Japanese gardener, and are by them sold to
ignorant parties as Japanese varieties. Most
Japanese gardeners will sell you an apple for a
plum tree, if you will only pay them."

The Phylloxera has at length become nearly
as bad on the roots of the grape-vines in Califor-
nia, as in Europe. In some localities the planta-
tions are nearly ruined. They are, however,
doing as the wide-awake vineyardists of France
are doing, grafting on the American stock. The
varieties of the species Riparia are found to be the
best. The insect attacks these vine roots as well
as the roots of the European, but on account of the
very fibrous rooting character, they do not suffer
much. The young roots grow faster than the
troublesome little insect can follow them. Hence
these species of the grape are known as resistant
grapes. Julius Dressel, of Sonoma, in California,
has seventy acres grafted on many varieties of the
Riparia section that are thriving wonderfully, and
grafted grapes will soon be a leading industry in
California.

Apricots in California. — According to the
Rural Press, the Breda is not popular, and the
budding of the apricot on the almond does not do
so well as once hoped for.

The Chinese Quince. — There seems to be a
growing popularity for the Chinese quince in the
South, — not because it is better than the ordinary
quince, — but because it does well where that one
will not. A Florida correspondent of the Dispatch
thus presents its claims :

«' I must say that the Chinese quince, as to the
tree, is full hardy in the South, and is a rampant
grower and makes a large tree in twelve or fifteen
years. '1 have one thirty feet high, twelve years
old. It gives an abundant crop annually of very
large handsome fruit. Now, as to the quality of
fruit. I think there are better quinces for table
use, but I have been unable to get them to grow
and give enough fruit to pay for the care they re-
quire in the Southern chmate. The Chinese quince
is very much like the Le Conte pear. While it is
not the best in the wide world, I can get ten
bushels of it before I can get one of the others."

Sea Kale.— It is said not to pay in gardening to
take much trouble to get things good, and hence
we have to go altogether without the good things.

We suppose few in our country ever ate Sea Kale,
yet it is one of the most delicious of all the vege-
tables raised in an English garden. Large earthen
pots like old-fashioned bee-hives are placed over
the plants in November, and the leaves from the
trees grown on the grounds covered over several
feet deep. The gentle warmth from the leaves
starts plants early, and the huge pots are filled
with crisp, blanched leaves. Manure will not do,
as it brings the plant forward too rapidly and
makes it very weak.

It is a trouble to do all this, but worth the trouble
when grown. It is the great care required to make
such nice things grow well that makes an educated
gardener a necessity in the Old World ; and possi-
bly the disposition to do nothing in gardening,
except what will take care of itself, one of the
reasons why in our country the educated gardener
is not in so great a demand.

Vegetables in Utah. — Few people have any
good idea of the enormous productiveness of
desert soil when a little water starts it into life.
Dry soil, as is well known to those who have had
experience with earth-closets, is a wonderful ab-
sorbent of nitrogen. The dry earth on the deserts
absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere till the
ground is one grand hot-bed of manure. When
by irrigation, or light rains, vegetation can get a
start, the crops surpass belief. In Utah 600 bush-
els of onions, 900 bushels of potatoes and 1200
bushels of carrots have been obtained from an
acre of ground for each. Twenty-four millions
pounds of potatoes have already been shipped
from Salt Lake City this season.

Earthing up Cy.i.'e.ky. — Gardening Illustrated
has the following :

" Although I know that it is the usual practice
in celery culture to repeatedly earth it up while
growing, I certainly do not think it necessary to do

; this when it is growing rapidly ; more than that, I
think it is bad practice. A little sprinkling of
earth, pushed down after a heavy watering to
prevent evaporation, is all I should give during
the growing season, and I know it to be a fact
that some of those who grow the finest celery in
the country do not earth until full growth is at-

[ tained. Indeed, some of them do not earth it at
all, but effect the blanching by other means. That
some old professionals of fifty years experience,

j and many other persons, pursue quite a different
course, I am well aware ; yet one would think that

I a single hint would suffice to point out that it is
difficult to give abundant waterings to celery, and
impossible for it to benefit by the natural rains, if
we pile a sharply sloping bank of firm earth close

i along each line long before the plants have at-

i tained maturity of growth. And no plant is more

1887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

369

benefited by profuse waterings than this, naturally
an inhabitant of very wet places. The repeated
earthings which celery receives in the majority of
gardens are not only harmful to the celery, but
the cause of a great waste 61 time and labor."

We extract it for our readers because we think it
is not American experience that frequent earthing
up injures celery, and we should like to have our
readers tell what they know about it. Of course,
earthing it up before the plant has got strength
and vigor is an injury, but we doubt whether there
is any injury after that. On the other hand, the
most crisp celery we believe follows frequent
earthings.

Asparagus in California. — If they cannot
boast much of celery in California, they can talk
" tall " on asparagus. The Rural Press says
that at Santa Cruz Hy Jackson has, we believe,
one of the oldest asparagus beds in the State. He
planted it about thirty years ago, and it has con-
tinued to yield abundantly each year. Aspara-
gus is a prolific and profitable vegetable when
carefully cultivated. Wherever its cultivation
has been attempted in this valley, it has been
successful.

NEW AND RARE FRUITS.

The Burger Grape. — This seems to be a Cali-
fornia variety, or at least is very popular for wine
making purposes. The juice is used to mix with
other grapes which it is said to assist in fermenting
rapidly. As high as ^18 and J20 a ton has been
offered for it this year.

The Peach Tomato.— Messrs. D. Landreth &
Son, Bristol, Pa., sent us recently a basket of ah
entirely new form of tomato which they call Peach
Tomato. It is a great merit to have a variety that
one can distinguish at once from another. These
might be as easily mistaken for peaches as not.
In a garden they nfust have a very pretty appear-
ance. They are said to be very productive, and
we take it to be a good addition to the already
large list of tomatoes.

New Tomato. — The Puritan is the name of the
newest candidate. It is from Boston.

New Potato.— a variety called Charles Down-
ing, was exhibited at the August 20th meeting of
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by
Charles N. Brackett, and much admired.

Forestry.

COMMUNICATIONS.

TREE PLANTING IN KANSAS.
BY ROBERT DOUGLAS.

Kansas is comparatively a new State, and when
we take into consideration that the first settlers in
our prairie States always settle near the timber,
we see by the immense number of trees her citi-
zens have already planted, that in a few years she
will surprise some of our writers who are deplor-
ing the apathy of the people. Indeed, I think that
many writers who are warning the people of this
impending danger of forest denudation, are not
aware of what is being done in that direction. I
judge this is the case from articles I see greedily
copied, of what is being done in Europe, compared
with the httle that is being done here. Two or
three years ago a statement was published, giving
the actual number of forest trees that had been
planted that year in England, Scotland, Ireland
and Wales. I was surprised to see that in the

aggregate they did not reach ■}>% millions, just
about the number they would plant on 1,000 acres,
and yet what we are doing in this country is looked
upon with contempt. Surely these Editors and
Essayists either can not find time, or will not take
the trouble to inquire about what is being done in
their own country. They can not be aware that
the State of Kansas alone, since she. commenced
this new industry, has planted 147,340 acres.
Think of it ! Great Britain and Ireland, 1,000
acres in one year. The State of Kansas, a new
State, peopled by families who went out within
the past few years to work a living out of raw
prairies, have planted 147,340 acres !

" But," say some of our forestry friends, " What
does it amount to ? " " They are planting worth-
less trees." Let us see about that: 11,500 acres
of Black Walnut, 12,486 acres of Maples, 2,637
acres of Honey Locust, 55.553 acres of Cotton-
wood, 65,771 acres of other varieties. Admitting
that the Cottonwood does not rank among the
most valuable woods, it is a god-send to the new

370

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[December,

settlers, as it makes fuel in less time than any
other tree. In this tree, we see history repeating
itself ; in ancient Rome, the genus. Poplar, derived
its name from being the people's tree. Some
writers — not planters— recommend mixing the
Cottonwood with other trees, to be cut out for fuel
in the future. But as far as I have seen, the
practical farmer knows better. To him it would
seem like turning a drove of Texas steers into a
herd of Jerseys.

TRANSPLANTING EVERGREENS FROM
THE FOREST.

BY GEO. H. PARSONS.

Transplanting conifers may be done at any time
when there is no frost in the air, except while they
are making their first young growth in May or
June. Perhaps the best time is during the spring
and summer rains. Select small trees in prefer-
ence to larger ones, for they have not such a firm
hold upon their location, and adapt themselves
more easily to new places. Trees from open, rather
exposed places will succeed better than from shady
canons. Never leave the roots a moment exposed
to the sun and air. This is the great secret of
transplanting evergreen trees from the mountains.
Keep the roots protected. Provide yourself with
a piece of matting or sacking or burlap, and after
carefully tying up the tree with all the roots unin-
jured, and with as much earth about them as pos-
sible, place it in the matting, and cover with more
earth. In planting, which should be done as soon
as possible, take the same precaution about expos-
ure to air, digging a large hole, spreading out the
roots, and pressing down the soil firmly about
them. Shade the trees during the first year, sum-
mer and winter, and keep the soil moist and cool
about them. The blue spruce, especially, requires
constant moisture until well established. The two
most important factors in successful transplanting
are, roots well protected while moving, and a
moist, cool soil about them when planted. In
order to retain this needed moisture and coolness
in the soil as long as possible, it is best to mulch,
or cover the soil, for about two or three feet around
the tree, with coal ashes, hay, straw, or dead
leaves. When the trees are well established the
branches themselves will shade the ground around
them, and it will be only necessary to supply them
with water, which should be sprinkled over the
whole tree as well as on the ground around it*
The end, of those branches which are too long
should be pinched back, by merely pinching off

the end of the new growth as it forms. A tree
should never have more than one leader, and
when this should be lost and two or three others
start up in its place, one of these should be selected
and the others pinched back. In this simple
way, requiring only a little watchful care from
time to time, you will soon have a compact, pyra-
midal, perfectly formed tree, a charming monu-
ment of vegetable beauty, whose grand and lofty
qualities will never tire, but be a source of unend-
ing delight, " a thing of beauty and a joy forever."
[Mr. Parsons, who gives the above sound
advice, is President of the Colorado Forestry As-
sociation, and last March made an admirable
address on Forestry at Colorado Springs. — Ed.
G. M.l

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Roadside Trees. — One of the misfortunes of our
country is that over the most part of it we cannot
have roadside trees and live hedges at the same
time, as they do in the British Isles. If we have
trees along the hedge row, the struggle for mois-
ture during our hot and dry summers, so weakens
the vital powers of the hedge plants that they die
in the severe cold weather. In the old world the
cooler and shorter summer, and the moister cli-
mate permit the union. Here the live fences and
fence row timber will not mix.

The Green Ash. — Mr. Douglas finds as the
result of experience that the green ash is much
better adapted to Western circumstances than the
white. On the other hand the white ash is best
for Eastern forestry.

The Chestnut in the Prairie States. —
Robert Douglas says that of the thousands of
sweet chestnut trees planted in the West only an
occasional one survived. The black walnut thrives
admirably.

Forestry in America. — Robert Douglas, the
Nestor of American Forestry, told the American
Association of Nurserymen last year that when
forestry in this country is conducted in a plain
business manner, and it is shown to capitalists
that it is a profitable and safe investment, as it
assuredly is, it will then be shown that we have
the men ready to commence the work. There are
not only dozens, but scores of men, members of
this Association, who could take a contract to
plant 1,000 acres annually without interfering with
their home business, and deliver it over in 10 to 12
months from the signing of the contract. The

[887.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

371

process is very simple. We will say he makes his
contract in February. In March, having ordered
the seeds and the tree-digger forwarded, he steps
on the train, gets off at the proper place, goes to a
neighboring farmer, and leases 30 to 40 acres of
land prepared for planting corn. He engages
breaking teams to break the 1,000 acres, and the
same men to cross plow in the autumn. While
this is going on he has men and teams growing
and cultivating the seedlings. In the prairie j
country he will be sure to find two months of fine
weather during the autumn ; thirty days will do. I
One hundred men will plant 1,000 acres in 30 days. I
He comes home to his Thanksgiving dinner, afier
the trees are all planted, and if he is inclined to
think he has accomplished something wonderful,
he may have his pride somewhat humbled by
noticing that a new railroad has been built since
he went out, employing i.ooo men, while he has
been dallying along with his 125 men ; or possibly
he may notice a farm on which wheat has been
sown a month after he went out, and that 20,000
acres of wheat have been sown on that farm, har-
vested and sent to the elevator, and the whole
20,000 acres fall plowed, ready for another crop
the following spring. Let us possess our souls in
patience. The fertile districts of this country will
not become a desert in less than 100 years ; but in
less time than that, much of the desert portion of
the country will blossom as the rose.

Some Large Trees of Long Island. — The
Brooklyn Eagle says :

" It is not probable that any tree on Long
Island is more than 500 years old, and very few
in New York or New England are of greater age.
Formerly there stood at Flushing, near the old
Bowne homestead, two oaks known as the Fox
Oaks, from the fact that George Fox addressed
the people beneath them. That occurred in 1672.
Both the trees have disappeared. One was blown
down September 25th, 1841 ; the other fell more
recently. Mr. Parsons, of Flushing, counted as

nearly as possible the rings of growth in the one
last mentioned, and found more than 400
rings, indicating its great age. Mr. Parsons has
two oaks standmg on his premises nearly or quite
as old.

" Two miles south of Glen Cove, in front of the
late residence of James Luyster, deceased, is a
venerable white oak which is probably nearly 500
years old. It was as hollow as it now is seventy-
five years ago. The diameter of the trunk at the
ground is 7 feet and at 6 feet from the ground it is
still 15 feet around, or say 5 feet in diameter. The
chestnut tree attains a very large size on Long
Island. At Brookville, Port Jefferson. Smithtown
and a few other places are trees, remnants of old
forests perhaps, which measure from 15 feet to 22
feet around near the ground. But the chestnut
grows rapidly and 'none of the large ones may be
more than 100 or 150 years old. The tulip tree is
one of the most beautiful of forest trees and grows
to an immense size. One on the high ground at
Lakeville is 26 feet around at 6 feet from the
ground, but is not more than 70 feet high. Its
immense crown of branches is supported by hoops
and braces of iron. The great black walnut tree
on the estate of the late William C. Bryant, at
Roslyn, is a magnificent tree. Its age is about
175 years. The girth of the trunk at 7 feet from
the ground is 23 feet. At the ground it is 29 feet
around. The extreme spread of its branches is
120 feet. The immense size and age of many
trees on the island indicate clearly enough the
adaptability of its soil and climate to their growth.
The locust is an extremely valuable tree on Long
Island, and in quaUty is superior to any of its kind
growing elsewhere. It was introduced here, as I
believe, from Virginia, by Captain John Sands
sometime previous to 171 2. Captam Sands moved
from Block Island to Sands Point, about 1695, and
sailed a packet between New York and Norfolk,
Va. He died about 1712. It is known that several
locust trees brought by him were planted near
Sands Point and elsewhere. Most of them have
fallen or have been removed. But a few remain
and are still flourishing. Of these, two are on the.
lawn of the old Thorne Mansion at Great Neck,
three are on the lawn of Daniel Bogart, Esq., at
Roslyn, and one on the premises of the late El-
wood Valentine at Glen Cove. It seems probable
that the locust may live and flourish in favorable
situations nearly two centuries."

Natural Eistory and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

THE HOUSE SPARROW.

BY RUSTICUS.

I wish to institute a crusade against the House
Sparrow, erroneously named English Sparrow. I

would like to see the warfare waged throughout
the United States. It is what I should term, in a
certain sense, a holy war. I ask men, women and
children to aid in their complete extermination
with poison, trap and gun. I urge upon State
Legislatures and the American Congress to legis-
late persistently for their wholesale destruction.

372

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December.

Asks some one, "Why such invective against a
little bird ? " I reply, because they are a national
calamity, and unless put an end to will so prey
upon fruits, vegetables and farm crops that it will
be next to impossible to raise them. It seems to
be the peculiar delight of this miserable bird to
waste and consume these useful products of the
earth. So far from accomplishing the object for
which they were imported into this country, they
make the trouble worse. The tent caterpillar was
committing fearful ravages on fruit and ornamen-
tal trees. Certain zealous persons were " fully
persuaded in their own minds" that this bird was
expressly created to annihilate said caterpillar.
It must be at once brought to this "land of the
free, and home of the brave." Wonderful things
were to loUow such importation. Sir Caterpillar
was to disappear like a dream of the night !
The sparrow came, and the caterpillar yet lives.
It crawls safely on the very nesting boxes of the
puissant sparrow. It doesn't agree with it. Those
birds that do devour the caterpillar are, many of
them, at least, killed and driven off by the pugna-
cious sparrow. It was a grievous error ever bring-
ing to this country such a tireless enemy to fruits
and other crops. We must now strive to abolish
them. Some States have begun the destruction.
Legislatures are legislating them out of existence.
They were first imported in 1850. Eight pairs.
Other importations followed. They have increased
enormously ; having established themselves in
thirty-five States and Territories, overspreading
885,000 square miles. Heat and cold, the extrem-
est, do not affect them. They are " iron-clad."
Since 1872 it has spread over 59,000 square miles
annually. The annual loss to gardens and or-
chards amounts to millions. Let me particularize
to substantiate my position. I hope I do not fire
"scattering shot." I am a warm friend of the
birds. I enjoy them. Their carols are, to me,
indeed, " music in the air." They are not molested
at my home. They multiply about me. The air
is vocal with them. But the detestable house
sparrow has no friend here when I can wring off
their heads. "Of all the native birds which
habitually make their homes near the abodes of
man, the Martin is the only species which is able
to hold its own against the sparrows, and numer-
ous instances are on record where even the Martin
has been beaten and forced to abandon its former
nesting-places by these belligerent aliens." (Ag.
Report for 1886.) "Robins, Cat-birds, Yellow-
birds, Orioles, Vireos, Phcebes are the greatest
sufferers." " Our native birds have rapidly and

steadily diminished in numbers since the sparrows
came." — (Idem). " Indeed, it is safe to say that it
now exerts a more marked effect upon the agri-
cultural interests of this country than any other
species of bird, and its unprecedented increase and
spread, taken in connection with the extent of its
ravages in certain districts, may be regarded with
grave apprehension." — (Idem). "In the early
spring it prevents the growth of a vast quantity of
fruit by eating the germs from the fruit-buds of
trees, bushes and vines, of which the peach, pear,
plum, cherry, apple, apricot, currant and grape
suffer most. Lettuce, peas, beets, radishes, cab-
bages and cauliflower are attacked in turn. In
some places they are obliged to cover gardens
with netting." — (Idem). W. C. Percy reports:
"They destroy more tomatoes, peas, beans, etc.,
than any other bird. In 1884-85, they ruined the
peach and apple crops." N. A. Wood, Michigan :
" They eat green peas as fast as they grow ; also
raspberries, blackberries and strawberries." Says
F. M. Webster, Indiana : " These birds are worse
than all other apple pests combined." From
Bowling Green, Kentucky : " It has ruined the
grape crops wholly where unprotected. Its con-
sumption and waste of c©rn, wheat, rye, oats,
barley and buckwheat in many parts of the coun-
try is enormous. It feeds upon the kernel when
it is in the soft, milky state, and in fields of ripe
grain it scatters upon the ground even more than
it consumes. Instances are reported where in the
place of a full or fair crop only the straw remained
to be gathered." (Hoadley M. S.) In my next
I will give more instances of its ravages, with your
permission. The Maples, Lexington, Ky.

REASON IN INSECTS.

BY E. S. H.

I see in current number of Popular Science
some proceedings of a hornet in the management
of a dead locust, as related by Professor Thomas
Meehan, and am thus reminded of a similar inci-
dent I observed last summer. I was making a
path, when a large hornet, carrying a locust whose
weight was rather too much for him, fell exhausted
just by me. He dropped his victim and withdrew
to a stone, where he sat for some time rubbing his
head and considering the situation. Getting him-
self together again, he caught the locust by the
head and began to drag him along the path, but
soon found he would not get home before Christ-
mas at that rate, so he left his game again and
flew off to find a spear of timothy stout enough to

i887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

373

bear his weight at the top. Several seemed to
hold him up fairly well, but still he was not suited,
and I could only suppose him a hornet too irreso-
lute and weak-minded to manage his affairs prop
erly, until it occurred to me that he was searching
for a stem that would bear both himself and the
locust. At last he found what he needed, labori-
ously pulled up his prey, gave a spring and a
buzz, and was off, bearing with him his locust and
and my profound respect. Philadelphia.

[The communication in the first instance was
made by Mr. Meehan some years ago, to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
and the fact quoted among a number of othens by
the President of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, in his annual address at
the recent New York meeting. Another parallel
case has since been placed on record — this mak-
ing the third.

The three highest mental attributes are here
portrayed : perception, reasoning, judgment.

In view of these experiences it becomes ex-
tremely difficult to draw the line between mind in
man and mind in animals. We may call the one
instinct, but calling it instinct does not make the
explanation clearer. — Ed. G. M.]

THE HORSE NETTLE AS A WEED.

BY M.

The Horse Nettle. Solanum Caroliniense of
Linnseus, is one of the worst weeds in American
agriculture. From Pennsylvania south to Florida
and Texas it is regarded by cultivators as perni-
cious as the Canada thistle (Cnicus arvensis) is by
Northern farmers. It has creeping, thread-like
roots, penetrating deeply into the ground, from
which arise annually numerous hard, twiggy stems
to the height of about two feet, armed with num-
erous spreading prickles. The leaves are about
five inches long, covered with stellate hair, on
stalks about one inch long. The flowers are in
racemes, opposite to, and as long or longer than
the leaves; the pedicels about half an inch in
length, and the potato-like flowers, purplish-white,
succeeded by yellowish berries about the size of
cherries. Every little piece of broken root makes
a new plant, and hence hoeing or the ordinary
methods of cultivating the soil, only aids in its
rapid distribution. The writer has known some
farms in Delaware to be wholly abandoned
through having been wholly possessed by the
Horse-nettle. Dr. Ezra Michener, in his "Manual
of Weeds," styles it a " a terrible pest" in Chester

county, Pennsylvania, and offers the opinion that
''a law requinng that one who has allowed it to
take possession of the land, should not be allowed
thereafter to have the management of land,
would be no more arbitrary, nor unjust than
the ■ quarantine laws for the physical health
of our cities." The writer once knew a place
where the plants had been introduced, and had
spread considerably over an acre of ground during
three years unobserved. The owner was aware
of the physiological law that even the most tena-
cious roots cannot live long without perfect leaves
to provide nourishment for them, and employed a
boy to loosen the earth about the plants and draw
them out as soon a^ the leaves appeared. Though
carefully drawn out, enough small pieces remained
to make a new crop of plants just visible in a few
weeks. These were again drawn out early as
before. Three of these weedings were made
during the season. Having had no perfect leaves
there were but few plants the next season, and
these were served as before. No plants appeared
in succeeding years; they were thorougly eradi-
cated. This is the only effective remedy, and not
as costly as it might appear if timely persistency
in it be employed. It is of little use in the arts.
The juice of the berries has been found of ser-
vice in tetanus ; and Dr. F. Peyre Porcher, in
" Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests,"
says that the negroes of South Carolina regard it
of service as an aphrodisiac. Other species of
Solanaceous plants are troublesome to the agricul-
turist, but none equal to this. One, Solanum
rostratum, a prickly annual of the great plains, is
believed to be the species on which the " Colorado
potato beetle " subsisted, until lines of communi-
cation were opened with these regions, when it
found in the Potato a more abundant supply of
food, resulting in an enormous increase of the
insect, and, in many cases, a total loss of the
Potato crop.

«HH»^

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Fertilization of FLOV*rERS in Composite. —
Every flower lover knows that asters, daisies,
sunflowers and the like belong to that class which
botanists call Compositae ; and every one knows
that scientific people have had a great deal of in-
teresting talk about the way insects are uncon-
sciously employed in cross-fertilizing flowers.
That a number of flowers would never produce
seeds except through this agency of insects is un-
I questionable. The '• Adam's Needle," or Yucca,

374

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[December,

is a well known illustration of this. Unfortunate-
ly for true science, popular writers get hold of
that which is true and " run it into the ground." A
writer of the Grant Allen type, is now giving a
series of letters to the Country Gentleman, on the
fertilization of flowers, which is very pretty read-
ing, but at the same time an excellent illustration
of the " running into the ground " type. Here is
an extract in relation to Composita3 :

" Now we are ready to see how the pollen is scat-
tered. In the first place, since the pollen is dis-
charged into the tube, and the stigmas, while
crowding through it, are pressed tightly together,
it is clear that the flower cannot be fertilized by
its own pollen. How, then, does fertilization take
place ? Simply in this way : The two branches
of the style, on their way up the tube formed by
the anthers, push the pollen out, and get powdered
on the outer surface with it. Then they separate,
and the styles of the several flowers form a network
of interlacing threads over the compound head.
Then when an insect visits the cluster— and
many of them do — it is sure to brush against some
of the pollen-covered styles and gets its under
parts powdered with the yellow grains, some of
which will be almost certain to get on the stigmatic
surfaces,"

Now it has been shown in numerous scientific
contributions, the few past years, that whatever
may be said of other classes of plants, Compositse
are self-fertilizers.

It is the simplest thing in the world to prove
this, by tying a gauze net over the flowers and ex-
cluding insects. The flowers produce perfect
seeds in every case. One of the most interesting
accounts on record is the experience of Mrs.
Walcott, of Boston, communicated to the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science,
in 1884. She tied gauze over the heads of her
sunflowers to keep sparrows from pecking at them.
The heads produced seeds all the same, and num-
bers of just such experiences are on record, and
can be easily repeated. Yet we have these pretty
writings continually asserting that the "flower can-
not be fertilized by its own pollen," in spite of
what is becoming an "every-day" fact, that it is
so fertilized. One would think that that which
comes to pass, must surely be possible.

It is such a simple thing to put a gauze bag over a
dandelion or an ox-eye daisy, to keep out the bees,
and so certain to find them seeding as freely as
when bees have full access, that it is amazing to
find writers pegging away on the impossibility of
seed under such circumstances.

It has been shown how the pollen tubes enter
to accomphsh their " impossible " work in these
cases — but the fact is a sufficient answer, without
this explanation.

Microscopic Fungi. — These are now known
to have such an intimate connection with horti-
cultural success or failure, that many of our
readers must be making a special study oi them.
It may be of service to note that Profs. Farlow and
Trelease have published a list of all known works
or papers treating of fungi, which must be of great
service to these students,

A New Race of Verbenas. — There was a time
when it was believed that the proof of a plant
being a true species was, that it would reproduce
itself from seed — a variety would not. If like
would produce like it was in a true botanical
sense, a species. Again, it is assumed that if a
seedling proves sterile, it may be a hybrid, under
the assumption that all hybrids are sterile. The
last proposition is no more true than the first,
but it still holds in some quarters, while the first
has been generally abandoned. There are now so
many races of plants known to be varieties re-
producing from seed as truly as any good species
could, that no one can doubt that there is no
difference between like producing like in either
species or varieties.

Verbena hybrida compacta nana.

We have here a form of Verbena, that produces
itself from seeds just as well as the original species,
and yet differs in not having the running or creep-
ing character of the ordinary Verbena, which, as
all know, creeps and roots over the surface of
the ground. It has lost its creeping character,
and makes a dwarf compact bush. Mr. David
Sachs, the well known seedsman, of Ouedlinburg,
tells us that this does not produce bush Verbenas
in every case, but the few seedlings that do so are
quite exceptional.

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

375

Outside of its interest to science, the new race
will be very welcome to those who love Verbenas
for their own sakes. It makes a white bushy
mass, as closely set together as a mass of candy-
tufts ; five inches is about the average height of
these little bushes. Like all of the European pro-
ductions of this character, it has had* to have a
nomen fashionable, which is Verbena hybrida
compacta nana, but by the time it gets into
American hands, this will have to be considera-
bly shortened.

The First Living Tea Plant in Europe. —
Osbeck's voyage to China in the Swedish ship
"Gothic Lion," which sailed in 1750, says: "After
a stay of four months and ten days in China, our
ship and the other Swedish ship began their voy-
age home. Every one leaped for joy, and my
Tea shrub, which stood in a pot, fell upon the deck
during the firing ot the cannons, and was thrown
overboard without my knowledge, after I had
nursed it and taken care of it a long while on board
the ship. Thus I saw my hopes blasted of bringing
a growing Tea plant to my countrymen ; a pleas-
ure no one has been able as yet to feel, notwith-
standing all possible care and expense." In a
foot note to the English translation, the translator,
Forster, says : " Dr. Linnaeus has had since 3rd
of October, 1763, a fine Tea shrub brought him
from China by Captain Carl Gustav Eckeberg,
which is, as far as we know, the only one in Eu-
rope." Such a feat in those days deserved to be
honored. For in those days accidents innumer-
able, aside from the jarring of cannon, must have
pressed sorely against the successful introduction
of living plants. Another Swedish botanist. Dr.
Sparmann, made a voyage to China with Captain
Ekeberg, and in 1779 named a genus of trees,
native of the Cape of Good Hope, Ekebergia, in
his honor. This tree belongs to the same natural
order, Meliaceae, as our well-known China tree,
Melia azederach. Sparmann was one of the natur-
alists that accompanied Captain Cook in his voy-
age around the world in 1772.

Orris Root.— The roots of Iris Florentina, I.
Germanica, and I. pallida, are the species of Flag
used in Italy to use in perfumery as Orris powder.
These are commonly grown in our gardens ; but
a lady writes that she thinks she has not got it
true, for she tasted a piece and it blistered her
mouth fearfully. This shows she has the genuine
article, for this is how it does behave. It takes
two years to dry before it gets its perfume and is
fit for use.

Japan Plums. — So much has been said lately
about native Japan Plums, that we have, since our
last issue, referred to Franchet and Savatier's
enumeration of the plants growing spontaneously
in Japan, issued in 1875. Under the name of
Prunus, these botanists include what we know as
Cerasus or the cherries. They have in all ten
species : P. tomentosa, Mume, Pseudo-Cerasus,
Japonica, subhirsuta, incisa, Maximowiezii, macro-
phylla, spinulosa, Ssiori.

Of these only the two first would be understood
as true plums, and they are not regarded by the
authors as native, but as having been introduced
into Japanese gardens from China. The first has
fruit no larger than a pea, so that may be eliminated
from the Japan plum question, and we seem to be
left to the second, Prunus Mume of Siebold and
Zuccarrii as the probable species to which belong the
Japan plums, if they are not really off shoots from
the well-known species of our gardens, P. domes-
tica. We have not their work to refer to, but
Plate XL, Volume I., is cited as having an illustra-
tion of the species. In Thunberg's Flora Ja-
ponica, it is supposed to be the same as the apri-
cot, Prunus Armeniaca of Linnaeus ; but the au-
thors of the work above cited say that it is distinct
from that. Still we should suppose that the trees
in foliage and fruit must somewhat resemble the
apricot, or Thunberg could not have mistaken it.
Not having seen living or dried specimens of the
plant, we cannot tell how the Japan plums in cul-
tivation in the South or California accord with this
character.

Thunberg says in Japan this P. Mume makes a
very large spreading tree, with leaves somewhat
heart-shaped at the base, ovate, acuminate, un-
equally serrate and smooth. The flowers are ses-
sile and appear alternately along the last year's
branches ; the petals obovate, concave, obtuse,
white, spreading, and faUing early; the white,
erect filaments, shorter than the petals. He does
not speak of the mature fruit, but the "germen "
or lower portion of the pistil that ultimately be-
comes the fruit, is noted as being pilose, which is
; characteristic of allies of the apricot ; the " ger-
: men " of the true plum being smooth. According
] to Thunberg it is known in Japan as Kjoo, and
I more commonly Kara Momu. The authors above
I cited call it Mume and Momi, which we see has
been adopted for its specific scientific name. In
this work no mention is made of Prunus domesti-
ca, our garden plum, being in Japan. If they had
been there many years, some plants would un-
I doubtedly be by this time " spontaneous." Not-

3/6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

withstanding the seeming differences between the
descriptions we read of Kelsey Plum and the
Mume Plum, the indications are that the Japan
Plum of our gardens is a form of this Chinese
Plum, rather than of our garden plum. Franchet
and Savatier say that it is cultivated everywhere
in Japan, and it seems to be the only 'plum of
which this is said.

Garden Plants and Wild Flowers of Mt.
Sinai. — A traveler says : " On Mt. Sinai itself is |
a convent at about 5000 feet above sea level, and
in the gardens here were cypresses, oranges, figs,
olives, date palms, and grape-vines in cultivation.
Near this convent the maiden-hair fern (Adiantum
capillus-veneris) was seen, and date palms exist
in cultivation at a height of about 5500 feet. A
thick, velvety-leaved mullein was common, and
Labiates, such as Phlomis, Nepeta, Origanum, Teu-
crium, and Mentha, filled the air with perfume, and,
in profusion, were equal to all other vegetation."

Age of the Big Trees of California. — A
Boston correspondent refers to some articles that
have recently appeared in scientific magazines,
denying that the age of a tree can be told by its
circles of wood, — insisting that trees often make
several a year, and inquires if this does not inval-
idate the generally accepted view that the big
trees of Cahfornia are several thousand years old.

We have seen nothing that seriously invalidates
the belief that trees make one conspicuous annual
circle of wood each year. There are a number of
brood circles of more or less distinctness in the
annual growths of many trees, but the last circle
of the annual growth, usually of small cells, and
the first brood of cells at the growing season,
usually the largest, make an easily seen annual
division in most cases.

At any rate, when the Editor was among the
" big trees," this particular question presented it-
self for solution. It was thought best to test the
annual circle question by actual facts. Among
pines and spruces, any practiced nurseryman can
tell the age by the cycles of branches The
branches that push out just below the terminal bud
of each year's advance are very strong,— those
above and below each of these cycles are weak.
It is only necessary to look at the nearest white
pine or Norway spruce, to see that the age of these
trees can be readily told. Young coniferae, cut
down in the Nevada mountains, of from twenty-
five years and upwards, as calculated by these
cycles of branches, invariably gave the same
number of annual rings in the trunk. No oppor-

tunity occurred to test a young Sequoia this way,
but a test was made by taking the girth of one that
was certainly about 25 years old, and this growth
about corresponded to the girth of the 25 circles
of wood in the interior of a Sequoia stump. All
these tests rendered it absolutely certain that the
annual growth could be depended on for the age
of the trees.

Looking at the circles, it was evident that the
tree grew more rapidly in the earlier life than later.
A narrow slab from the outside, 2.75 of an inch
thick, gave 65 rings. The same space near the
centre gave 30 rings. This gave for the average
growth of 2.75 inches 47 rings. The stump was
28 feet in diameter. This gives 4855 lines across
the stump, and two lines for each year, or meas-
uring only from centre to circumference, instead
of wholly across, the age of the tree would be
about 2427 years.

Without any regard to the articles that have
recently appeared, the Editor is quite satisfied with
his own judgments, as founded on the facts above
given, and has not the remotest doubt of the cor-
rectness of the popular impression as to the great
age of the big trees.

The Hemlock Spruce of the Himalayas. —
It is interesting to note that there is a species of
hemlock spruce in North Carolina, different from
that which prevails through other portions of the
East, though very closely resembling it. On the
Pacific slope there is another hemlock spruce very
much like the Eastern one, and in Japan another,
—all nearly alike and yet different. They all
make excellent timber trees. Of the Himalayan
one, Abies or Tsuga Brunohiana, a correspondent
of the Gardeners' Chronicle thus writes :

"On another occasion, in the Lachen valley of
Sikkim, I measured a spruce that was 28 feet in
girth and 120 feet in height. Nor were these very
exceptional dimensions, though they greatly ex-
ceed what prevails in the Darjeeling district of
Sikkam, for Mr. Gamble in his list of the trees,
shrubs, and large climbers of that region, gives 60
to 80 feet as the average stature of this tree, and
10 to 15 feet as the average girth 4 leet from the
ground,

"The Himalayan hemlock spruce does not extend
westward beyond Kumaon, where, according to
Madden, it attains a height of 70 to 80 feet, and
yields an inferior timber; eastward it extends into
Bhotan, where Griffith met with it at 6500 to 9000
feet above the level of the sea."

On the Stipules of Magnolia Frazeri. —
At a recent meeting of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Mr. Thomas Meehan
exhibited some fresh flowers of Magnolia Frazeri,

1887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

377

Walter (M. auriculata, Lamark), and said that j
when he contributed the paper on the " Stipules of
Magnolia and Liriodendron " to the Proceedings
of the Academy in 1870, he had not had the
opportunity to examine fresh flowers of this spe-
cies. It was not common in cultivation, from the i
fact that the plants grown rarely produced seeds, ■
and there had been little opportunity to get seeds '
from its North Carolina home. On his grounds of
late years a specimen had commonly borne flow-
ers, which appeared very early, following immedi-
ately the flowers of the Yiilan, and were as large
and sweet as that species of China.

A point made in the paper referred to was that
the petals of Magnolia were not modified leaves,
as the petals of flowers in Morphological treatises
would be broadly stated to be, but rather modified
stipules, in which case the petiole and leaf blade
had wholly aborted. At the time of its appearance
Dr. Asa Gray, to whose kindly criticisms on this and
other papers he had been so often deeply indebted,
wrote expressing his interest in the paper, and say-
ing that the observations confirmed the views of
some German observer, whose name he could not
recall, that the petals of many flowers were but
modified stipules.

Mr. Meehan had not been able to meet with the
name of the author or of the paper referred to by
Dr. Gray, or the tenor of the author's views. In-
deed, his observations and those of the author
referred to, must have been wholly overlooked by
their co-laborers, or else the views have not com-
mended themselves to their good judgment. For
his own part the subsequent observations of nearly
twenty years had convinced him that the petals of
most flowers should be considered rather enlarged
stipules or thinly dilated bases of petioles, rather
than modified leaves as we should understand this
term. In many species of roses, especially in
Rosa Kamtschatica and Rosa cinnamomea, the
stipules could be noted increasing, and the size of
the leaf blade diminishing on the branch as it
approached infloresence. Often the tips of the
sepals would develop to minute leaf blades ; and
in a few instances he had seen the same append-
ages on abnormal petals. Often the stipules,
especially in Rosa Kamtschatica, would have the
red colors of the petals, when at the nodes, im-
mediately below the axis from which the peduncle
proceeded. There could be no possible doubt in
the minds of those who would carefully compare,
and watch for occasional aberrations, that the
petals of the rose were rather transformed petals
than complete leaves.

Precisely the same process of development from
stipules to petals could be traced in some Legu-
minosse, and especially in the common Red Field
clover.

When vegetation was arrested in its growth and
bud scales were formed for the protection of the
growth germ for the next season, it was the stipule
or dilated base of the petiole that formed the scale.
This was evident to those who watched the burst-
ing of the growth buds in spring of the species of
Fraxinus, or of the Dwarf Horse chestnut, (aescu-
lus parviflora,) common in gardens.

The formation of petals for the protection of the
reproductive germ, was also the result of arrested
vegetative growth,, and we may safely assume that
the same law operates on the stipules and petiolar
bases, in the one case as in the other.

This Magnolia confirms these views, as already
indicated in the paper referred to. The stipules
increase in size, and the development of the leaf
blade is arrested just in proportion as the true
petals are approached, until the last one preceding
the true flower is nearly as large as the petals, and
of nearly their form and character. In some cases,
it appears as a perfect petal, with not a trace of
leaf blade left. The true sepal or petal has lost
all trace of petiole or blade ; it is broadened at the
base, and, we see, cannot be aught but the stipule
modified.

The fact that the petals of flowers are rather the
bases of petioles or stipules, than modifications of
full typical leaves, may not only be proved by
such observations as have been referred to, but
accords with that philosophy which would expect
to find an uniform law result from uniform causes.
If, as cannot be doubted, the check to vegetative
growth produces a bud scale out of a stipule, the
check to vegetative growth should produe a petal
(a flower scale) out of the same typical form. The
theory gives to morphological law a harmony of
action that is wanting without it.

The Resurrection Fern. — This, in Florida,
is the Polypodium incanum. It grows on trees,
and curls up as if dead in a dry time, but unfolds
and gets beautifully green when a dry time
comes. It grows wild up to the banks of the
Potomac.

Sugar in China.— At a recent meeting of the
Botanical Section of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Mr. Thomas Meehan read the following
extract from a letter of Miss Adele M, Fielde, a
missionary in China. The letter is dated from
Swatow : " My attention has lately been called to

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

an error, existing apparently in many minds, con-
cerning the plant from which sugar is made in
China, A late consular report from Canton, says
the plant is a species of sorghum, and in the
American Cyclopedia , Appletou, 1S63) the article
on sorghum appears to me to convey the same
idea. I send you to-day flowers of the plant cul-
tivated ver\- extensively for the sugar in the neigh-
borhood of Swatow, and which is the source of the
chief export of this treat)- port. It seems to me
no sorghum, but by the description in botanical
works, the true Saccharum officinarum. Tell
me whether it differs from the plant from which
sugar is made in the Southern United States.
Propagation is from cuttings, a section of the culm
a foot long, being set out at each planting. This
is done in February, and is ready to be cut for
pressing out the juice eleven months later. In
the fourth year the stubble is removed, and new
cane is planted. It is not allowed to flower, as the
cultivators say it spoils it for use in sugar making."
Mr. Meehan said he could scarcely understand
how the idea should get currency that sorghum
yielded the sugar of China, for though the native
countn.' of the true sugar cane is unknown, the
civilized world is indebted to China for the first

knowledge that what we know as sugar could be
extracted from the cane. Manufactured sugar
from this cane was known in China before it was
known in Europe. As for sorghum, though sugar
could be made from it, it had been found so unre-
liable for that purpose, depending apparently
more on some chemical accident than vital power,
that it was doubtful if sugar in any quantity had
ever been made from it in China or anywhere
else. Certainly the specimens sent by Miss Fielde
were of the true sugar cane, as grown by us in the
Southern States.

The Bed Bcg. — They have charged us with
introducing the Phylloxera to the grape-vines of
Europe, and now they are insisting that the bed
bug also traveled eastwardly with American lum-
ber after the great fire of London in 1666.

They, in the old world, discover ever)* genera-
tion or two that the earlier translators of the Bible
translated it incorrectly for us, — that only the last
versions are the true ones, and the older ones
wrong. If this had not been so. we could appeal
to the older versions to prove that it must have
been known to the Hebrews, for one of their ver-
sions gives in Psalm xci, 5, " Thou shalt not be
afraide of any bugge by night."

Literature. Travels jLi:e ^ersoeal Notes.

:ditorial notes.

The Golden Rod. —

" Open the bars and make me room, —

Let me wade. waist-d=ep. in the yellow bloom,

Let me rerel at will, let me 2rath°r my fill,

Let me touch their plumes with reverent bands.

Let me tr<»ad wh<»re the wealth of blossom stands.

With the pomp of gold, in tne glowing lands.

Fine as feather and soft as down

Is its petaled plume.— the very crown

Of the fair and the fine »nd the rare design :

Fair as the ore. when wrougat and rolled.

Kne as the fretting of filagree g Id."

— Jennie ilazweU Paine.

S. B. PARSONS.

See Frontispiece.)

In our annual chapters on the work of authors
in American Horticulture, the name of Samuel B.
Parsons will find an honored place.

It must be going on forty years since the
writer had placed in his hands "Parsons on the
Rose" The pleasing style and manner of treat-

ment made an impression that has never been ob-
literated. It did seem then that even Anacreon
might pour out his soul more joyously, after
perusing a book of roses, such as this. A new
edition appeared some twenty years later, with,
under the publisher's advice, much of the "senti-
ment" cut out. This cutting has been no gain.
To-day the first edition is the most highly prized.
It is a great mistake to decry sentiment. History
tells us the sight of the stars and stripes in the early
battles for the Union, brought tear.s to the eyes of
those who fought for secession, and did more to
strengthen the ranks of the Unionists than their
numbers or resources. What is there in a bit of
bunting ? It is sentiment rules the world. A new
edition is, we believe, in preparation, — and we will
venture a hope, sub rasa, that the genial author
may be allowed to follow his own instincts and
return to his first love \

Samuel B. Parsons was born at Flushing, Long

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

379

Island, in 1819, in an old ancestral home dating
back 150 years.

In 1839 there was the mulberry craze. Every-
body planted. The lad of 20 years old was in-
fected. He carried the fever to St. Croix, set out
25,000 mulberry buds, called a convention, and
the silk excitement grew to its proportions in New
York. The year following he travelled extensively
through the West Indian Islands. On his return
he commenced the nursery business on the ances-
tral farm. In his twenty-sixth year he took a voy-
age to Europe to study the horticulture of the Old
World. The following year we find him adding
to his experiences by exploring Florida. Palatka
was then but an old barrack, and Jacksonville an
obscure hamlet. Ten thousand dollars would
have bought all the land within a mile radius in
both. The whole State was a howling wilderness.
He bought 160 acres near Blue Spring for Si 60.
Orange trees were growing in Florida gardens,
but so eaten by scale as to be practically worth-
less. Today — well! Mr. Parsons must glory in
the change, as all do who have had any hand in
bringing it about.

In 1S59 we find him again on the Atlantic, com-
missioned by the United States Government to in-
vestigate the agriculture and horticulture of
Sicily and the Ionian Islands. His reports ap-
pear in the report of the Agricultural Department of
that period.

As a horticultural missionary, preaching the
love of the beautiful and intelligent, as well as the
mere routine of material prosperity, Mr. Parsons
is well known over the whole land. Many have
been the addresses he has given on that subject.
Once in Florida he made a strong plea for his
cause. He was rather taken down, when, after
his earnest discourse, some of his auditors rose
and commented on the folly of his efforts; what
they wanted, they said, was something to eat and
something to make money out of. They have
both now, and flowers and gardens besides. He in-
troduced for them the Navel Orange, over which
the money makers are now excited ; though they
let his thousands of Camellia and other rare
plants die on their hands. He started to show
them what could be done to make money as well
as make beauty, and his profitable orange nurser)'
alone paid him back all he had ventured for their
instruction.

It was once his hope to get the Government to
establish an experimental garden in Florida, but
his efforts were blighted just before final success.
In like manner his eftorts for roof gardens failed

from time to time, but he has lived to see abund-
ant evidences, in New York at least, of final
success.

Another effort of many years has been to con-
vince orchardists that their plantations may be
just as well made beautiful as not. Landscape
gardening with fruit trees, in order that a fruit
farm may be made beautiful, is an idea just as
fully bound to grow to final success as his efforts
to make Florida farms, as well as Florida woods
and waste places "the land of flowers."

A'ery successful, also, have been his efforts
to introduce a knowledge of our rarer trees and
shrubs. Possibly to him, more than any one in
our countr)', is horticulture indebted for a knowl-
edge of the Stuartia, Virgilia, Andromeda ar-
borea, Japan Maples, Rhododendrons, and hosts
of other beautiful things, now getting, through his
efforts, generally grown.

In the wonderful progress of our countni' in
grape culture, he has also taken a successful hand.
When the demand for the Delaware was so great,
he grew and sold as many as 200,000 plants in
one year. During the time when the American
grapes were rising to such prominence, he raised
of different varieties over 800,000 in each year.
The houses for grape propagating were eventually-
turned into Camellia and Rhododendron houses,
for which they continue in use.

Huge winter gardens for plants that can endure
a temperature nearly to freezing, and large enough
to have some beauty of arrangement in the in-
terior of the house, has also been a favorite theme
which will no doubt eventually be realized.

On the lamentable death of A. J. Downing,
many eyes were metaphorically turned towards
Flushing for a successor to the great leader that
had done so much to raise horticulture in .Amer-
ica to a high pinnacle of culture, refinement, and
dignity. But few can stand the continual drag
of editorial life, and at the same time bear the
harassing wear of business cares. He declined
the editorial chair, which was for a short time so
well filled by Barry, till it was found too much for
even his iron constitution, and John Jay Smith
took charge of the Horticulturist.

His three score and ten will soon be reached.
Horticulture cannot expect much more hard work
from him. But it is a satisfaction for him to feel
and for us to acknowledge, that he has left his
mark on the pursuit we all love so much, and
that what he has planted in this way will grow
and bear good fruit long after he himself has-
passed away.

?8o

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

The Next Volume ofthe Gardeners' Month-
ly.— The publisher beheves there is no other mag-
azine in the world which gives more for the low
subscription price than the Gardeners' Monthly.
He has been glad to do this because it gives him
some claim on the good will of his subscribers to
make it known among their friends. The lovers
of gardening are so scattered that the ordinary
vehicles for advertising can not be profitably
used. It depends on the good will of its friends.
Any additional subscriptions, while sending one's
own, the publisher highly appreciates.

Horticulture in America. — M. Charles Joly,
ex- Vice-President of the Horticultural Society of
France, in a note on the School of Arboriculture
and Viticulture of Geisenheim, pays a high tribute
to America. He shows that with all the mmeral
necessary to the arts, a climate and soil that will
produce everything, and a unity of language and
public policy over the whole northern continent, it
must in time be independent of the rest of the
world. He gives figures of the enormous product
in fruit of California alone, as enough to excite the
wonder ofthe world.

Epitaph on a Child's Tombstone.— The Edi-
tor unites in the regret of a correspondent who
says : " Pity you should by forgetfulness spoil the
measure of the old epitaph :

' If so early I am done for,
I wonder what I was begun for.'

A Botanic Garden in California. — Some
time ago we noted a project for starting a Botanie
Garden on a fine scale in California, the plan
being developed from the fertile brain of Mr.
Emery C. Smith, a young man of considerable
talent and with much experience in the Eastern
states. We judge from California papers that the
project is meeting with great success. Dr. Bou-
vard, the president of the University of Southern
California, proposes to have in this garden, their
scientific and industrial school.

Nurseries in Utah.— The nurseries in Utah
are in a flourishing condition. According to the
Salt Lake Journal of Commerce, over 100,000
trees were shipped from the vicinity of Salt Lake
City to Colorado alone. Flowers are also success-
fully shipped. Mr. John Reading, who built the
first greenhouse in Salt Lake City, received numer-
ous orders from other states and territories, notably
Idaho, Wyoming, Montana and Nevada.

Hog-Plum. — This is the vernacular in Florida
for varieties of Prunus umbellata, as " Wild-Goose "
is to a variety of Prunus Chicasa.

Indian Corn.— We saw an intelligent man re-
cently astounded that he could not answer his
child's question, what was "hoe- cake," — some one
had just been singing to him that "Poor Uncle
Ned"

" Had no teeth for to eat the hoe-cake,
80 he had to let the hoe-cake be."

It seems that there are many like this child's
father, who do not know what they should know
about things around them, while they can tell
everything about what they have seen in London
and Paris.

We may perhaps get some thanks for the follow-
ing sketch of the uses of so homely a thing as In-
dian corn :

" ' It is the most certain of all crops,' says the
Report on the Agriculture of Tennessee, 'requires
the least amount of labor in its culture, and comes
to maturity in the shortest time. The pith of the
matured stalk ofthe corn is esculent and nutritious,
and the stalk itself, compressed between rollers,
furnishes what is known as ' corn-stalk molasses.'
This grain requires also the least care and trouble
in preserving. The machinery for converting it
into food is also exceedingly simple and cheap.
As soon as the ear is fully formed it may be roasted
or boiled, and forms thus an excellent and nourish-
ing diet. At a later period it may be grated, and
furnishes in this form the sweetest bread. The grain
boiled in a variety of modes, either whole, or
broken in a mortar, or roasted in the ashes, is
much relished.

" If the grain is to be converted into meal, a
simple tub will answer the purpose best, as the
meal least perfectly ground is always preferred. A
j bolting cloth is not needed, as it diminishes the
j sweetness and value of the flour. Boiled in water
j it forms the dish called ' hominy,' eaten with milk,
i honey, molasses, butter, or gravy. Mixed with
' cold water, it is at once ready for the cook ; cover-
j ed with hot ashes, the preparation is called ' ash
! cake ; ' placed upon a piece of board, and set near
! the coals, it forms the 'Johnny cake;' or man-
aged in the same way upon a helveless hoe, it
forms the ' hoe-cake ; put into an oven, and cov-
ered over with a heated lid, it is called, in a large
mass, a 'pone,' or loaf. It has the further advan-
tage over all other flours that it requires in its
preparation so few culinary utensils, and neither
sug^ar, yeast, eggs, spices, soda, potash, &c., to
qualify or perfect the bread. To all this it may be
added that it is not only cheap and well tasted,
j but it is unquestionably the most wholesome and
nutritious food. Some of the largest and health-
iest people in the world have lived upon it exclu-
sively."

I Only a Thistle.— In popular opinion only
I Scotchmen and donkeys are fond of Thistles, but
I if so we must say they show very good taste.

i8«7.|

AND HORTrCULTURIST.

3S1

Among our hardy plants there are few finer sub-
jects in point of foliage or flower than some of our
common Thistles There are few more beautiful
plants than the Musk Thistle, Carduus nutans ;
while the large Spear Thistle, C. lanceolatus, and
C. eriophorus are really noble plants. C. Mari-
anus, too, with its spotted leaves stained with drops
from the Virgin's milk, according to the Catholic
legend, is a grand plant for the back rows of the
herbaceous border. The Cotton Thistle, Onopor-
don Acanthium, is another stately plant, with its
foliage densely covered with white cottony hairs.
In the present issue we give a figure (fig. 61) of
another Thistle, Cnicus altissimus, a common plant
in the United States, for specimens of which we
are indebted to Mr. Wilson Saunders, who tells us
that he received the seeds from Kew, where it
forms in its season one of the ornaments of the
herbaceous ground, the seedlings being placed in
the open ground, where, in the course of the sum-
mer, the plants attained a height of 11 feet, while
at 4 feet from the ground the plant was 7 feet
through. The form of the plant is very symmet-
rically conical. The flowers opened from above
downwards. The lower leaves measured some 2
feet in length and a foot or more in breadth. Re-
verting to the Scotch Thistle, we may recall to our
readers the interesting communications of the ex-
Curator of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and of Mr.
Edwin Lees, in our volume for 1873, pp. 365 and
436, from which it appears that no authentic in-
formation relating to the use of the Thistle as a
badge or emblem is known prior to 1488— the
story of the Danes attempting to invade a Scottish
camp in the night, and pricking their feet with the
Thistles to such an extent that they were forced to
cry out and so reveal their presence, having no
foundation. The historical evidence is that the
Thistle was first used as the badge of Scot-
and by King James IV. In 1514 James V placed
the representation of the Thistle on his coins.
James VI added the proud motto — " Nemo me
impune lacessit." In Scotland Onopordon acan-
thium is generally accepted as the plant (see il-
lustration in Gardeners' Chronicle, 1876, vol. v., p.
140), but it is curious to find from Mr. Lees, who
quotes Dr. Johnson, that " initiated gardeners"
understood the Milk Thistle, Carduus Marianus,
to be the true plant, and that they therefore (why
therefore ?) usually stuck the heads of the latter
on the strong spines of the Onopordon or Cotton
Thistle. It is doubtful whether either the one or
the other of the plants named is a genuine native
of Scotland. — Gardeners' Chronicle, April 5, i8yg.

Poisonous Honey.— Though the following ex-
tract from the Journal of Horticulture is rather
long, we give it place from the importance of the
subject :

" In several localities I am acquainted with (one
atGreenock, another in the Highlands), the beesan-
nually, about the month of May, die in great num-
bers both out and inside the hive, on their return
from the fields. They expire convulsively after the
manner some animals die from strychnine poison.
At both places Rhododendrons are plentiful, but
although some attributed the fatal results to the
honey collected from these shrubs, I never ven-
tured an opinion. One gentleman at Greenock
who has paid particular attention to this calamity
for many years, tells me that he observed it oc-
curred only during jhe east winds, about the time
previously mentioned, and only when the wind
blew directly over certain sugar refineries, but
that at other seasons, when the wind blew in the
same direction, the bees were not affected. How
is this ? Will the carbonic acid gas emitted at
these works be more fatal to bee life during spring
that at any other time ? Is it a disease, or do certain
flowers secrete honey that is poisonous ?

" We have various accounts of people being poi-
soned with honey — to wit, the Grecian soldiers,
and later, the fatal cases in America. It is of great
importance to the bee-keepers of this country that
this question should be thoroughly understood..
If the rumor spreads abroad that honey is some-
times poisonous, the public will cease to use it, and
bee-keepers will find a difficulty in disposing of
honey, however wholesome it may be. In the
first place, then, is there any poisonous honey that
bees will gather, and, if so, have the bees an im-
munity from certain poisons ? If we believe that
Rhododendrons or Azaleas yield poisonous honey,,
and are the cause of the death of the bees afore-
mentioned, then they have not an entire immunity
from death through sipping the nectar, even
although it goes no further than the stomach, as
we see poison acting on fowls. In the case of the
honey that poisoned the Grecian soldiers, the bees
could not have been injured, neither at the gather-
ing nor after, because if so, there would have been
no honey stored. Whichever way we look at the
evidence it is mysterious and conflicting. I can
offer no solution whatever, but I suggest that it is
possible that the poison may not be in the honey,
but in the pollen. While the Grecians were only
intoxicated, the Americans were killed.

" We want evidence, however, whether the hon-
ey was eaten in a liquid state or direct from the
comb. If the latter, then I think it probable that
the poisonous effects may be traced to pollen, and,
i that honey is safe at all times to be used when
I from it. Many people who never saw bees do not
i know honey from brood comb, and I saw some
I pohcemen at an exhibition eat brood and appar-
I ently relish it greatly. I only regretted that it was,
I out of my power at the time to let them taste gen-
uine honeycomb."

We call attention to the paragraph because it
I seems strange that experienced bee-keepers do not

382

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

know that bees are short-lived. They live but a
few months. All those that live over winter are
all dead before mid-summer. They usually die in
harness, and away from home. They may be
found dead in large numbers under any flowering
trees in the spring and early summer. We have
seen them under the Wistaria, Yellow locust, and
Catalpa, and others which we do not at this
moment recall. If the poison honey would kill or
injure men, it would also do the same with the
bees feeding on it. It has always seemed to us
strange how the idea of poison honey ever got
weight. Nor is the matter mended by suggesting
that a young bee would be any safer under poison
bee-bread than poison honey. As for those Greeks,
it is surely time everybody knew that the Rhodo-
dendron of the ancients was what we now know
as the Oleander.

The " Americans killed " is news. We will
venture to say to our English brethren that " pois-
oned " honey never killed an American. We have
not even seen any statement that such an event
occurred, and it surely would have had wide cir-
culation in our own papers, had there been any
serious basis of fact for such a story. The " poison
honey " idea is growing very stale.

Edwin Lonsdale. — The three large rose houses
started by Edwin Lonsdale near Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, were all completed in good time, and
prove to be successes. Each is 250 feet in length.
One huge boiler serves the whole establishment.

H. H. Berger. — This well known firm, that has
gained a good name in the nursery business of the
Pacific coast, is conducted by a lady, Mrs. H. H.
Berger.

Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, the famous Enghsh
Parhamentarian, is very fond of Horticulture, and
has a well kept garden establishment near Bir-
mingham. The grounds are beautifully laid out,
having been laid out by Milner. There are num-
erous ranges of glass for exotic flowers, and fruit
culture under glass is carried on to a great extent.

John Laing. — This. is one of those intelligent
British gardeners of whom the Old World is proud.
In his early years he became eminent in botanical
as well as horticultural pursuits ; he has since
been a member of several prominent nursery firms
— but is best known as a hybridizer of flowers.
Many of the wonderful races of plants that adorn
our gardens and greenhouses, had their origin with
him. The tuberous Begonias had an early start
from his hand. He was born near Brechin, in
Scotland, in 1823.

Francois Lacharme. — Mr. Jean Sisley fur-
nishes us with the following memorandum con-
cerning this distinguished rosarian :

"Francois Lacharme was born the28thof Janu-
uary, 1817, at St. Didiersur Charonne-Ain, France;
died the 5th of November, 1887, at Lyon, France.
His father was an agriculturist and desired his son
to follow his profession, but the Roses in his fath-
er's garden had at an early age attracted his special
attention and at last his father consented to his
desire and placed him in 1836 as apprentice at M.
Poncet, horticulturist at Lyon.

" In 1839 he went to Paris, with a recommenda-
tion of Mr. Plantier, the rosarian, to Mr. Pirolle,
the founder of the Bon Jardinier, who obtained a
situation for him in a Dutch horticultural estab-
lishment at Paris, in the neighborhood of the Pal-
ace of the Luxembourg, the gardens of which
were then directed by Mr. Hardy the well known
amateur of Roses, and where F. Lacharme went
very frequently to admire them.

" In 1840 Mr. Plantier wrote to him to offer him
his Rose establishment, which he accepted and
assisted with his counsels; he began to sow Roses
and soon obtained a then very remarkable variety
which he named Hybrid Remontant Ernestine de
Barante, which he sent out in 1843, ^.nd since that
time he has not ceased to sow Roses very exten-
sively and has obtained a great number of splen-
did varieties, which still ornament the collections
of amateurs in all countries.

" Francois Lacharme was loved and esteemed
by all those who knew him, because he was a very
laborious and intelligent man and of the strictest
honesty."

Miss Susan Poissonie. — This young lady was
getting to be quite famous in Europe as a flower
painter, and was particularly well known by the
beautiful Roses painted for the Journal d^s Roses,
She died in Paris on the 8th of July, in her twenty-
sixth year.

Thos. U. Walter— the architect of the Capitol
building at Washington, and other famous works,
whose death at 84 has recently been announced,
was fond of horticulture, and at one time had a
suburban residence with beautifully laid out
grounds at Germantown.

In the Heart of the Sierras. — Every traveler
through the Yosemite knows Mr. John M . Hutchins,
who was among the earlier discoverers of the beau-
ties of the Yosemite, and who is now in charge of the
National Forest of Big Trees. It is not often that
just the right man writes just the right book, but

188;.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

383

with him for the author of this work, with his
twenty years' experience, the "fittest" has cer-
tainly come to the front this time. From sample
pages we have seen it will be a welcome book to
the California traveler.

Entomological Society of Ontario — Sev-
enteenth Annual Report.— Contains a full ac-
count with drawings of the leading insects injuri-
ous to the cultivator in Ontario. An exceedingly
valuable issue.

Missouri State Horticultural Society. —
Mr. Joly, our French correspondent, marvels at
the wonderful growth of fruit culture and some
other branches of horticulture in the United States.
Much of this progress, we think, is due to the
admirable work of State Societies, as well as our
horticultural press, which scatter knowledge far
and wide. Such a work as this Twenty-ninth Re-
port of the Proceedings of this Society, is very
suggestive as to how the good work goes on.

Lindenia. — The fifth part of the third Volume is
just to hand and has for illustrations the following
orchids :

Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana. — This variety of
one of the most beautiful orchids was introduced
by M. Morel, of Saint Mande, in 1846. It was
found in Brazil near Serra de Estrella, and is so
distinct as to be thought a good species by some.

Papiiinia Lindeniana. — This is from Central
America. It is an entirely new species received
only in July last by the International Horticultural
Company. It was discovered by M. Bungeroth
near the sources of the Orinoco.

Odontoglossum crispum Triance. — This came
from New Granada. It is regarded by M. Linden
as one of the most beautiful forms of this most
beautiful species. It is a much larger form than
the type.

Bulbophyllum grandiflorum. — This is one of the
most grotesque forms of orchids known to culti-
vators, and it is very beautiful in its grotesqueness.
It is from the woods of New Guinea. It flowered
for the first time in- Europe in the houses of the
International Company in August last, and then
went to England to enrich the collection of Sir
Trevor Lawrence, of Dorking.

The whole set of illustrations make a beautiful
quartette. Besides the paintings and descriptions,
there are full cultural details for each species.

Fences, Gates, and Bridges.— By George A.
Martin. Orange Judd Company, New York. This
is a particularly useful compendium of all that is
known of the subject of which it treats.

Catalogues.— Lovett, J. T., Fruits, Fall, 1887,
Little Silver, N. J. ; Rains, Michael & Co., Dutch
Bulbs and Seeds, London, England.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES,

Chrysanthemum Show of the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society.— It is not easy to note
such matters in a local exhibition that will interest
the readers of a magazine scattered over a whole
continent. Still we think we can make a few
points that will come within this scope, though we
shall have to omit a great deal of purely local
interest.

First, it is encouraging to say that there was ex-
hibited a great improvement in the art of growing
the plants. Exhibitors generally had a system of
growth and training at which they aimed, and
this led to a regularity in appearance, which in-
dicated better than anything that it was cultural
art, and not a chapter of accidents that had pro-
duced the good results. This was particularly
evident in the |20o first premium taken by Craig

I Brothers. These were trained to a rather flat
1 standard, about 2;^ to 3 feet high and about 4
feet wide, and an average one had on it 160
flowers.
I Another great improvement was the evident
I care taken to have the flowers produced on good
] strong stalks so as to be in a great measure self-
supporting, and at the same time to have an
I abundance of good healthy foliage. In this re-
1 spect the plants of Mr. John Kinnier, gardener to
Joel J. Bailey, Esq., of Philadelphia, who took
the New York Premium of $50, were among the
j best we ever saw. There are a great many points
i to be taken into consideration by a judge at a
j Chrysanthemum show, and awards have to be
made on the average of these number of points.
If other points had been equal to this one of
superb culture, it would probably have ranked
higher than fourth on the list. The plants were

384

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[December,

about 3 feet by 3, and had an average of 200
flowers on each plant.

In the third premium (^100), set of John Shaw,
gardener to Clarence H. Clark, Esq., were some
fine specimens. One of them was of the variety
Enchantress, trained as a cone. It was about 4
feet high by about 3 wide. It occurred to the
reporter that it would add to the interest of
Chrysanthemum shows, to have premiums for
different styles of training, say six best trained as
cones, and six best trained as depressed spheres.
The second ($150) premium, went to William
Dewar, gardener to Mrs. Charles Wheeler. The
one conspicuous point of merit, in addition to
numerous other good points, were the remarkable
fine flowers. These were much larger jthan the
blooms of the same varieties as generally seen.
A plant of the beautiful white variety, Mrs.
George Bullock, could probably not be surpassed
in cultural skill, and was universally admired.

In the competition for single specimen plants in
the various colors, most growers seemed to aim at
getting very large plants with numerous flowers,
without regard to well-trained specimens. Thus
one premium plant of P. Conlan, gardener to Mr,
P. Roberts, though only in a 15-inch pot, was 6
feet high by about 4 wide, and had about 300
flowers. The first premium, yellow, given to Mr.
Dewar, for the var., Temple of Solomon, was a
model of good growth. It was about 6 feet over
by 4 feet high, somewhat hemispherical, with about
144 sprays, most of which had two flowers thereon.

Of peculiar varieties, a specimen of Diana in the
collection of Mr. Clarence H. Clark, with the outer
petals purple, and the inner ones white, suggested
the idea that it might be as well for seedling rais-
ers to aim at the production of a distinctively bi-
colored race.

A good point to note was that there was far less
dependence on stakes and string to make good
specimens than formerly. These must be used,
but they were mostly painted green, and kept out
of sight as much as possible. Another good point
was to note a number of new comers, trying their
wings. In some cases they had " not for compe-
tition " modestly displayed. These younglings
made good displays, and when they noted that
some of the earlier exhibitors in the front rank of
of premium takers, had to take back seats on this
occasion, they will doubtless take courage and be
in the ranks of the regular army of friendly fight-
ers next year. Another improvement we are glad to
record, was the almost general use of labels above
the plants, so that any one could tell the variety

without groping at the bottom of the pot to find
the wooden label.

Another interesting matter was to note how large
was the number of seedlings raised by Philadel-
phia growers that had evidently taken rank as
standard kinds. There were also a very large
number of seedlings of first-class character offered
in competition for premiums. The highest was
given to a variety unnamed, we believe, to Mr. W.
K. Harris, who was probably the first florist to
enter warmly into the modern interest in chrysan-
themum culture. It was much after the style of
that very beautiful variety. Moonlight, but had
more lemon tint in it. A silver medal was award-
ed to Mr. Hugh Graham for one called Mrs. Hugh
Graham. It was one with with large, broad
spreading florets, with a lemon centre. One of the
most novel, to our mind, though not seeming to
impress the judges so much, was one called Edwin
H. Filler,— so named after the mayor of Philadel-
phia. It was very large, about 6 inches across —
semi-double, golden, with innumerable brown pen-
cilings, which made it look a golden bronze.

A very curious one was labelled Ellen K.
Pitcher, it had but a single row of yellow tubular
ray florets of great length, with only a small blade
at the apex of each quill. It was pronounced very
distinct, but not likely to be appreciated by chrys-
anthemum buyers.

The immense number of named kinds now in
existence makes it very difficult to pronounce on
the novelty or merits of new candidates. In the
cut " sprays," Mr. John M. Hughes, Mr. Childs'
gardener, there were 152 varieties. Mr. Cullen,
gardener to E. P. Wilbur, Esq., of Bethlehem, Pa.,
had 120 kinds, and there were other large collec-
tions. People would say, surely there must be
repetitions here, but a careful comparison would
show no two alike.

Besides chrysanthemums, there were, of course,
roses, but nothing specially new to note, but their
extra fine vigorous health. Among the hybrid
Perpetuals the most noticeable was the much criti-
cised American Beauty. It may have been no
good as Madam Ferdinand Jamain. Certainly
as seen on exhibition here to-day, a popular vote
would place it high above its comrades.

In picture books and catalogues one's mouth
often waters over the mushrooms that seem cover-
ing little boxes as thick as gravel stones along the
sea shore. Here was a box of the real things,
just as we see them in the pictures, from the
hands of Mr. P. McCaffrey, gardener at the Con-
tinental Hotel grounds.

INDEX— VOLUME XXIX.

Abeliarupestris, 30
r\ AhiAs (jephalonk.
• Picea. 121

Abies Uepliaionica, 147

Acacias, Australian, 139
Acajna microphylla, 23, 38
Acclimatizinff Plants, 55
Acer colchicum rubrum, 7
Achimenes, 362
Actiuea Hunaboldtii, 41
Advocates, Forestry, 17
Agency, Insects m New Spe-
cies, 312 [154

Age of Bearing Coffee Plant,

" " Big Trees, Cal., 370
Agricultural Science Soc'y,30
Agriculture &Hort.Italy, 317
;' a. S. Dep. of, 58, 185, 349
Alcohol from Prickly Pear 55
Aklen, Cbas.. Death, 255
Allen, Alex. McD., 220 [122
Almond Family, Hybridiz'n,
Alocasia macrorhiza, 231
Aloe, American, Fine, 268
Alphabet of Bee Culture, 350
Alpme Strawberries, 176
Amaryllis House, 104

" Sowing Seeds of, 235
Amateur Rose Culture, 261
America, Cut Roses, 203
• " Foreign Grape in, 208
' Forestry in, 370
" Horticulture in, 380
" Peach in, 280, 316
American Aloe, Fine, 268
" Apples in England, 143,
Apple Crop, .365 [242,365
Apricot Peach, 3U6
' Association Advance-
ment Science, 222
" Beauty Rose,196, 201, 232,

25L3J1
'• Cut Flower Growing, 139
' Klder, Variegated, 328
" Exhibit'n London, 32. 192
" Florist Co. 's Direcfy, 186
t lorisfs Convention. 31
" " Society, 256, 287
" Forestry, 275
" " Congress, 287, 349
' " Enemy, 181
" Fruits & Vegetables, 269
Garden Plot,London,316
Horticultural Society,96
" Naturalist, 1.59
" Nurserymen's Ass'n, 223
' Philos. Soc. Ladies in,251
" Pomol. Soc, 32, 64, 223,
287,320 ' ' ' '
" Preserved Fruits, 142
'• Water Weed, 23
" Weather, England, 345
Wistaria, White, 102
Ampelopsis, 227
" and Ivy, 135
" japonica, 7
Amygdalus Persica, 302
Analytical Herbariums, 317
Andrews, G. B., Vineyard, 305
Annual Frontispiece, 346
Annuals, Summer, 7, 131
Aphis, Black and Tobacco, 16

" Rose, 110
Aphyllon fasciculatum, 250
Apple Crop, American, 365
Crop East, 176
" Culture, 60
" Del. Winter, .308 [339
Duchess of Oldenberg,
" Fallawater, 339, 346 [305
Grafting onNorth'nSpy,
" Leaf Flea Beetle, 216
" Pest, New, 216

Apple, Ribstone Pippin, 143

" Tree & St. Dunstan, JS6

" Trees, Collar Graf t'g,.339

" " Destructivelnsect,307

" Worms,Paris Green for,

208

" York Imperial, 145 [365

Apples, Am. in Eng., 143, 242,

•' &Pears from^ieed,78 [34u

" Del. Winter & Lawver,

" Market, Lansing, JMich.,

113

Approved Strawberries,

Ohio, 270
Apricot Peach, American, 306

" Plum, 17
Apricots in Cal., .368
April Prices, Phila., 156
Arbor Day, Peuna. & N. J.,146
Arboretum, Arnold, 82
Arbutus, 250

" Trailing, 56
Arctic Love of Flowers, 346

" Poppy, 165
ArchduchesseMarialmmacu-

lata Rose, 199
Aristolochia elegans, 4
Aristolochias, 199
Artichokes, Globe, .306 [206
Ashes, Wood, & Pear Blight,
Ash, Green, 370
" Wafer, 317
Asparagus, 242
" and Grapes, 15
" in California, 369
" Close Cutting, 144
" Forcing, 271
" Giant, 281
" Planting, 116
" White, 342
Asters, Comet & Triumph,360
Arbor Vitse, Red Spider on,

278
Atlantic States,- Northwest,

Drought, 281
Atmosphere and Storms, 311
Australia, Myoporineous

Plants, 29
Australian Acacias, 139
Automatic Gate. 66
Autumn Leaves, Coloring, 23
" Home Deeora-
. . ™ J ation. 171
Azalea Trade, 186 [ture, 157
Dacterian Fire Blight, Cul-
" Baird, S. F., Death, 282
Balsam, New, 263 [294

Banana Fruiting. Open Air,
Banksian Rose, Chinese, 22
Bark, Wattle, 54
Barren Japan Persimmon, 272
Barron. J. C, Residence, 162
Barry, Mr., & Pomol. Dept.,93
Bartlett Pear, Original, 365
Basket Plants, Good, 11

" Worm, 293
Beadle, D. W., 252
Bean. Cherry, Japan, 116
" Hyacinth. 30, 54, 93
" Stanton, 46
Beans, Dry, 341
" Planting, 277
" Potatoes on, 313
Bearing Age, Coffee Plant,154
Beautiful Carnations, 200
" Chrysanthemums, 13
" Cycas revoluta, 268
" Weeds, 85
Beauty and Use, Trees, 210
" in Kitchen Garden, 143
of Glazenwood Rose, 362
Beckert, Jacob, 283

Bed Bug, .378
Bedding Plants, 326

" " Crotons, 294

" System, 357
Beecher, H. VV., Death, 125
Bees Eating Grapes, 22, 46

" " Raspberries, 272

" Slitting Petunia Flow-
ers, 218 .,
Beetle, Protection from, 242

" Rose, Fuller's, 139
Begonia, Large, 25 [76, 108

" semperfl. gigantea rosea.
Begonias, Tuberous-rooted, 6

Bulbophylliim grandiflorum"
Trade, 286

Behria, 249 [leo

Belgium Interilat. Hort. Co.,

" Plants, Season on, 20
Belmont Strawberry, 271
Bennett Rose, 7, 139
Bergamot Flowers, 358
Berger, H. H., 382 [ers, 21
Berkshire Hills Wild Flow-
Berries, Service, 313
Best U. P. Roses, 198 [246
" Trees, Forest Planting,
" Way to Produce Vars.,
304
Bethlehem, Pa., Gardens, 92
Beurre DielPears. Weight,339

" Hardy Pear, 271
Bidwell Peach, 49, 306
Big Cypress, Louisiana, 20
'• Trees,California, Age, .376
Bindweed, English, 231
Birches, Ornamental, 259
Birchwood Timber, 50
Birds, Friendly, 304

" Why they Sing, 311
Birthplace, Linnaeus, 347
Black Aphis and Tobacco, 16
Blackberries, Hybrid, 217
Blackberry, Lincoln, 176 [117
Black Cap Raspberry, Hardy,
Blackmail Plum, 45, 302
" " from Peach

Stock, 77
Black Rot, Grapes, 116,174,-339

" Spot, Rose Leaves, 56
Blight, Pear, 125, 338

" Twig, in Pear, 341
Blind wood on Roses, HO [54
Blooming Sweet Potato,N. J.,
„" " " Va., 20

Blue Grass, Texas, 199
Boiler, Greenhouse, 40
Border Flowers, 69

" Plants, 3Good,Hardy,.357
Hoston Parks, Ic 8, 262 [302
Botanical Analysis, Species,

" Contributions, 158
Botanic Garden, Cal., 380
" So. Cal., 88
" " Washingt'n,124

" " " Orchids,.331

Botany, Glance at, 214 [203
Bougainvillea spectabilis, 171
Bouquets, Fan, 138
" Parisian, 298
. Wonderful, 43 [254

Bousslngalt, Life & Service,

" Death, 186
Bower, Virgin's, 58
Box Laying, 166
Bragg, L. B., & Co., 283 [81
Breakfast Radishes, French,
Briars, Sweet, 166
Bricks of Cork, 298
Briggs, Col. Geo.. Death, 220
British Columb. Hort., 219 i
Bronson Paik,Kalamazoo,293
Bubach Strawberry, 271

Bug, Bed, 378
" Mealy, 107

onhvlli

Bulb , _

'• Vase, il
Bulbs, Dormant, 55
" Tuberose, 235
'' " Freezing, 36

Winter Keeping, 295
Burbank, L., Nurseries, 348
Burger Grape, 369
Bermenn, Jos., Death, 27 [303
Burning over Strawb'y Beets,
Bushes, Trees Grown as, 164
Butterfly Weed, 286
Pactus, Cattle Eating, 88
^ Calanthe vestita, 330
California, Apricots in, 368
" Asparagus, 369
" Big Trees, Age, 377
' Botanic Garden, 380
" Celery, 305
" Curculio in, 241, .307
" Cut Flowers, 362
" Fig in, 270
" Floral Fete, 191
" Florist, 348
" Forestry Board, 320
" Garden Notes, 290
" Grapes, 143
" Mistletoe in, 56
" Pasadena, 159
" Phylloxera, .369
" Rose Seedlings, 7 [88
'' Southern, Bot. Garden,
Calla Lily, 236, 295

D'bl Spathed, 185
Hardiness, 295
Calyx in Nomenclature, 141
Calycanthus occidintalis, 263
Camellia, White, Monster, 362
Camellias, 24

" and Roses, 139
Canadian Fruit ffing, 220

" Horticulturist, 285
Cannas, 260

" Culture, 44 [81

Canning Fruits &Vegetables,
Canteloupes in Phila., 305

" Large, 340
Care Plants on Arrival, 305
Carnation Carl Lackner, 171
" Culture, 125
" Old Gold, 236
" Scarlet, 110
" Souv. de Malmaiion, 362
" Winter, Early, 298
" Worm, 75
Carnations, Beautiful, 200

" Tree, Iron-stemmed, 203
Carvill, Wm., Death, 125
Cataljja Trees, 49
Caterpillar Torch, 270
Cattle Eating Cactus, 88
Cause, Fire Blight, Pear, 122
" Potato Kot, 22- [ers, 152
" Summer ThunderShow-
Cedar, Lebanon, Fine, 38
" Red, Localities, 147
Cedrela sinensis, 164
Celery, California, 305
" Earthing up, 271, 368
Fungus, 153
in Small Gardens, 209
Kalamazoo. 305, 365 [361
Cemeteries,Landscape Lawn.
" Pithy, 16 •

Show, England, 288
Cell Formation, 311
Cambrian Pine, 118
Cerasus serotina, 308
Cercaea Alpina, 85

386

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[Decembei-,

Chamberlain, Hon. Jos., 382
Change, Climate & Fruit, 238
" Rapid, 184
" Color in Flowers, 22
" Rural Taste, 133
Cheap Orchids, 235
Chelidonium majus, 133
Cherries, Large, 213
Cherry Beau, Ja()au, 116

" Cornelian, 295 [50

Chestnut, Limestone Soil for,

** Prairie States, 370
Chickasaw Plum, 340,300 [380
Child's Tombstone Epitaph,
China Asters, Improved, 359

" Sugar in, 377
Chinese Quince, 80, 368
" Weeping Lilac, 35
Chinodoxa, 199
Chismere, 353

Christmas Trees & Greens, 156
Chromo Lithography, Intro-
duction, 281
Chrysanthemum Club, 63
" Culture, 76, 169
" frutescens, Insect, 76
" Mum's the Word, 157
" Remarks on, 39
" Show, 63 [383

" " Penna. Horl. Soc,
Chrysanthemums, 42
" & Cut P'lower Trade, 11
" Beautiful, 13
" Early Flowering, 153
" in May, 7
" Lifting, 267
" jVames of, 251
" Sweet Scented, 236
Cineraria, New Style, 236
Circulation. Hot Water, 3
City Councils, Phila., 93
Classical Notes on Violet, 157
Classifying Roses, 165 [304
Clean Culture, Fruir Trees,
Clerodendron Balfouri, 9
Clethra alnifolia, 276 [124

Clifton Probasco Fountain,
Climate & Fruit Growing, 238

" Rapid Changes, 184
Climbing Annuals, Summer,?
Close Cutting Asparagus, 144
Clover and Grass Seed, 58
" Indian, 275
" Japan, 277
Club, Chrysanthemum, 63
< 'lusters, Wistaria, Long, 199
Coal Gas, Greenhouses, 42
Codlin Moth, 115
Woffee Plant, Age Bearing,154
Cold Graperies, 143
" Storage, Pears, 305
" Water for Flowers, 267
Colgate, Robt., Residence, 3
Coleonema alba, 20«
Collar Grafting. Apple, 339
Collins, Isaac, 220 [242

Colorado Beetle, Destruct'n,

" " Germany, 343

Colored Plates, Fruits, 242
" Walks, Landscape Ef-
fect, 229
Color in Flowers, Change, 22
" in Plants, 236 [23

Coloring of Autumn Leaves,
Columnea Schediana, 236
Combinat'n Force Pumps,255
•' Plants, 201 [pie, 293

Combining Red & Sugar Ma-
Comet Asters, 360
Commissioners Fairmount

Park, 24
Common Names, Houstonia

coerulea, 156
Companion Plants, 135, 343
Coinposita'.Fertilizat'n in,374
Comte de Flandre Pear, 46
Conformation, Cypripedium,

251
Constance Elliott Passion

Flower, 280
Consumption Canteleupes,
Phila., 305
" Strawberries, 305
Conventions,R. R. Accommo-
dations, 218
" Value of, 352

Convolvulus arvensis, 231
Cooked Potatoes, 93
Cope, Caleb, 252
Cerbularia, 165
Corks, Bricks of, 298
Corn and Phylloxera, 122
'• Sweet N ort hern and

Southern, 144
" Indian, 380
Cornelian Cherry, 295
Corsican Pine Timber, 20, 147
Cortical Peculiarities, Plum,

217
Cost, English Roses, 25
" Fencing in Penna., 117
" Water, 93
Cotoneasters, 164
Cotyledons of Peach, 153
Couch Grass, 213, 272
Country of Kanksian Rose, 22
Coxcombs, 362
Crandall Currant, 305
Crossing Peculiarities, 343
Crotonsas Bedding Plants, 294
Crown Princess Victoria

Rose, 360
Cucumbers, Planting, 277
Cultivating Ginseng, 243
Culture, Amateur Rose, 261
'• BacterianFire-blight,157
" Callas, 44

" Chrysanthemum, 75 169
" Clean, 304

" Cyclamen, 139 [-settas, 43
" Cypripediums & Poin-
" Fig in Tubs, 305
" Herbaceous Plants, 101
•' Hollyhock, 359
" Mushroom, 49, 112
" Peach, American, 316
" Potato, 144
" Sweet Peas, 101, 102
" Timber, Profits, 143 [69
Cunninghamia sinensis, Fl.,
Curculio in Cal., 241, 307

•' Proof Plums, 341 [143
Cure, Grape Mildew, French,
" Mildew, 12, 41, 174, 175
" Poison Vine, 23
Currant, 208

" Crandall, 305
Currants and Grapes, 88
Currents and Storms, 311 [139
Cut Flowers, Am. Growing,
" " California, 362
" " Heath for, 122

" Pacific, 234 [332
" " PurpleBeech with,
" " Table Arrange-
ments, 235
" Winter, 298
" FlowtrTrade and Chrys-
anthemums, 11
" Leaved Red Berried El-
der, 167
" Roses as Room Orna-
ments, 138
" " for America, 203
Cutting Asparagus, Close, 144
" Back Peiich Trees, 49J300
Cuttings, Wilted, Reviving,
Cycas revoluta, Beautiful, 268
Cyclamen Culture, 139 [154
Cyclamens, Sweet-scented,
Cydoniajaponica, Fruiting,70
C.vpress, Big, of La., 20
" J^umber, 247
" Yellow, 346
Cypresses, Evergreen, 251
Cypripedium Culture, 43
lYaflodi! Seed, 7
U Daffodils, New, 295, 362
Dahlia, New Type, 7, 70, 96

" Single, 326
Dahlias, Fringed, 198

" Good, 327
Daisies, Michaelmas, 165
Daisy, Golden, 218
Dakota Wild Flowers, 21
Dana's Hovey Pear, 143 [11
Dandelion as Window Plant,

" Salad, 16
Danvers Yellow Onion, 81
Darwin, Chas., 348
Day, Disease of the, 7
Death, Alden, Chas., 255 |

Death. Baird, Spencer F., 282
" Beecher, H. W., 125 [254
" Bouissingalt, J. B., 186,
" Briggs, Col. Geo., 224
" Carvell, Wm., 125
" De Candolle, Mrs., 220
" Devine, Patrick, 94
" Dimmick, Chas., 318
" Garretson, D. R., 319
" Greig, Gen. S. A., 220
" Hoopes, Sarah, 349
" Hovey, C. M., 318
" Jackman, Geo., 220
" Jackson, Halliday, 283
" Johnson, Geo. Wm., 27
" Kellogg, Dr., 220
•' Knapp, Sheppard, 60
" Lacharme, Francois, 381
" Lamb, Geo. P., 285
" McQueen, Donald, 94
" Michener, E., 254
" Mitchell, J. E., .348
" '* Senator, 158
" Moon, Mahlon, 94
" Moore, Jno. B., 282

" Thos.,59
" Poissone, Miss Susan, 382
" Pooley, Uavid, 94
" Powell, Jas., 158 [283
" Ravenel, Dr. Wm. H..
" Schmcele, Dr. W. H., 220
" Simon, Fr. Emile, 27,
" Thomas, Dr. Geo., 349
" Veteran Editor, 27
" Walter, Thns. U., 382
" Whitman, Ezra, 284
" Wigand, Dr., 9t
" Wilder, Col., 61
De Candolle,Prof. A.,25,60,220
Decline, Old World Garden-
ing, 156
Decoration, Home, Autumn

Leaves, 171
Decorative Winter Plants, 9,

361
Degeneration, Fruits. 175
Delaware Co., Gardening, 132

" Winter Apple, 308, 340
Depauperite Plants, Seeds, 23
Destroying Thrips, 109 [307
Destructive Insect on Apple,
Destruction, Robin, 344
Deutzia gracilis, 138
Devine, Pat'k, Death, 94
Dewberry. Southern, 154
Diamond Point Glazer, 138
Different Parts Plant, Seed,

279, 309
Dimmick, Chas., Death, 318
Dinner Table, Cut-flower Ar-
rangement, 285
Diplosis, Pear, 51 [186

Directory, Am. Florist Co.,
Discoveries, Plant-louse, 309
Disease in Caladiums, 198
" of the Day, 7
" Rose, Montg. Co.,Pa.,76
Dormant Bulbs, 65
Double Greenhouse Rhodo-
dendron, 267
' Pomegranate, New, 7
" Spathed Calla, 185
•' Tiger Lily, 264
" White Camellia, Mon-
ster, 362
" worked Kietfer Pear, 111
Douglas, David, 59
Dove Orchid, 201
Downing, Chas., 124
Downingia, 249
Downy Mildew, Grape, 174
Doyenne d'ete Pear, 143
Dreer, Wm. F., Marriage. 219
Driver, Traveling with, 186
Drop or Basket Worm, 293
Drugs & Medicines, N. A., 61,

126, 285
Dry Beans. 341 [for, 164

" Ground, Swamp Tr^es
Duchess of Oldenberg Ap-

Early Peaches, 337 [pie, 339
" Pears, 338
" Phila. Nursery, 346
" Snowdrop, 198
" Winter Carnation, 298
Earthing up Celery, 271, 368

East, Apple Crop in, 176
Eating Grapes, Bees, 22
Echinochystis lobata, 313
Editors, Honors to, 25
Effect, Colored Walks, Land-
scape, 229 [20
" Season, Plants, Belgium,
"' Seed, Different Parts
Plant, 279, 309
Elder, Amer. Variegated, 328
" Cutl'v'd,RedBnrr'd,l67
Ellwanger & Barry, 219 [38
Elm, Transplanted, Pruning,
Eacouragement, Forestry,

Laws, 147
Enemy, Amer. Forestry, 181
" Insect, of Strawb'ry, 23
" New Hemispherical

Coccus, 86
" PeachGrow'r's,New,208
England, Am. Apples in, 143,
242,365
" Weather in, 345
" Celery Show in, 288
" Fruit Trees in, 15
" HostPlants,Mistletoe,56
" Isolated, 58
" New Roses, 294
•' Roy. Soc. Literature, 160
" Yellow Pine in, 147
Fugleman's Flora of Mo., 281
English Bind-weed, 231
" Ivy, 326

" " and Va. Creeper, 1.35
" Oak, 308 [in, 143

" Orchards, Am. Apples
" Roses. Cost, 25

" New, 109
" Sparrow, 151
Enormous Consumption,

Strawberries, 305
Epitaph. A Child's, 380
Errors, Grammatical, 57
Essentials, Perfect Grape, 114
Etoile de Lyon Rose, Open

Air, 315
Euonymus, Grafting, 7
Euphorbia peplus, >-5 [176
European Grape Vine, Large,
Europe, 1st Living Tea. Plant,
Evergreen Cypresses, 1 64 [375
Evergreens, 'i'ranspl't'd, 370 j

" Wanamaker's, 103
Everlasting Pea, White, 267
Exhibition, Fruit, 224
Exhibitions, Personal, 222,286

Failure, Her Majesty Rose,
42, 104
Fairmount Park, Commis-
Fairview, 246 [sioners, 24

Fallawater Apple, 339, 340
Fall Decorative Planss, 361

" Grass, 327
Fan Bouquets, 138
Fancher Creek Nursery, 158
Farms, Tree Planting on, 147
Fashions, Floral, 42
Fell, Mr., 252

Fences, Gates & Bridges, 383
Fencing Timber, Penna., 117
Fern, New Kidney Scaled,363

" Resurrection, 377
Fertile Hybrids, 343
Fertility and Vigor, 277

" of Hybrids, 311
Fertilization, Flowers, Com-
positae, 373

" Imperfect, 47
Fertilizer, Slag as, 866

" of Orchids, 231
Festivals, Flowers at, 266
Fever. Hay, 312
Fig Culture, Tubs, 305

'* in California, 270
Fine Amer. Aloe, 268

" Bongainviltea specta-
bilis, 171

' ' Crops, Sweet Potatoes,81

" Herbarium, 218

" Hermosa Rose, 200

" Lebanon Cedar, 38

" Lilium candidum, 44

" Mushroom, 81

" Seeds, Watering, 204

" Tiger Lily, 264

" Verbenas, 328

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

387

Fire Blight, Pear, 122, 142, 243

Fires, Forest, 3J2

Fir, Mt. Enos, 147

First Class Hyacinth, Type, U
" Tea Plant, Kurope, 375

Flea Beetle, Apple, 216

Flemish Beauty, Pear, 143

Floral Caltinet; 61 [diuin, 251
" Conformation, Cypripe-
" Fashions, 42
" Fete, California, 191

Flora of .Mo., 2S1
'• " Texas, Young's, 275

Floiida Hort. Sue.. 320
'■ Mistletoe in. 55
" Notes, 159

" Sweet Potato Flowers,51
" Tinies-Uuioii, 94
" to Mass., 155
" Vegetables, Loss, 16
" Willi Flowers,H.3, 120.217

'• Oranges,- 181
" Wonderful Growth, 317

Florist, California, 347

Florist's Club, N. Y., 251
" Horse-tails for, 298
" in Suburbs, 255
" Middlemen Among, 251
" Phila, Liberality,315 [2(37
" Produce, Pnl)ric Sales,
" Roses. T*vo, 107
" See. American, 256, 287

Flower, Cut, Trade, U
" Garden, &c., 1. 33. 65, 97,
129, 161, 193, 225, 257,
289, 321, 353
" Noies, Sept. Xo., 326
" Passion, 280
•' Pots, Improved. 296
" " Paper, 109 [dreu, 288
" Show, Pub. School Chil-

Floweriug Chrvsanthemums,
Early, 153
" Cunniughamiasinensis,69
" Early Winter Carnation,
'• Harris Lily, 12 [298

" Orange, Second, 279
*' Plants, Belgium, 20
" Sweet Potato, Illinois, 89

Flowers & Poisonous Plants,
312
" at Public Festivals, 266
" Bee.s Slitting. 218
" Bergamot, 458
" Border, <j9
" Change in Color 22
" Cold Water tor, 267
" Cut, California, 362
" '■ Heath for, 122
" for Cutting, American

Growing, 1.39
" Compositje, Fertiliza-
tion, 373
" Improvement in, 227 [346
" in the Arctics. Love of,
" " Wreaths. 362, 363
'■ Lover of, 280
" of Literature, 250
" Origin of, 185 [231

" Pacific, East'n Markets,
" Please Send No, 42
" Sweet Potato, Florida,51
" Wild, Berkshire Hills, 21
" " Dakota, 21, 84

'• Klorida, 83. 120, 247
" " Mt. Sinai. 376

" Nevada, 25U [298
" Winter Cut, Hoses for,

Forced Rhubarb, 341
" Strawberries and Toma-
toes. 144

Force Pumps, Combination.

Forcing Asparagus. 271 [255
" strawberries, 241

Foreign Grape in Amer.. 208

forest Evergreens Trans-
" Fires, 342 [planted. 370
" Planting, Profits, 273

" Best Kinds for, 216
" Trees, Kans., 19

Forestry, 17. 49, 82. 117, 145, 17S,
210, -244, 273, 307, 312,369
" American, 275. 370
" " Great Enemy, 181

" & its Advocates, 17
" Congress, Amer., 287, 349

Forestry, Encouragement,
Laws, 147
" Journal, New. 28
" Practical, 82. 178
" Question, 245
'' state Board, Cal., 320

Forests and Rainfall. 49 [181
'• Follow, Rainfall, How,
" Succession of, 244

Formation, Cell. 311 [64

Foster Peaches, 366

i-'ouiuling Am. Pomol. Soc,

Fountain, Prooasco, 124

France, Late Season in, 198
•' Potato in, 317 [75

Frau EmmaTopfer, Fuchsia,

Freezing, Tuberose Bulbs, 36

French BreakfastRadishes,81
" Cure, Grape Mildew, 143
" Mountain Reforestat'n,
" Roses, New,- 327 [181

Fresno, Cal., Nursery, 158

Friendly Birds, 304

Fringed Dahlias, 198

Frontispiece, Annual, 346

Frost Line, ;<12

Frosts, Sevee, Effects on
Vegetation, 186
" Lite in Georgia, 153

Fruit & Veg. Garden, 13, 44,
77,110.140.172,205,237,
268, 300, 331, 365
" Borer, Gooseberry, 242
" Consumers, Gr. Britain,
" Degeneration, 175 [142
" Exhibition, 224
" Growing & Climate, 238
" " Jerusalem, 338
'• Industry, Protection, 141
" in Indiana, 81
" " Mass., 269
" Irregular Russet on, 335
" King, Canadian, 220
" Notes, Sep. No , 337
'' " West'n Peiina., 14
" or Vegetable, 117
" Quality in, 272, 281
" Region, Tenu., 113
" Settlement in Wash.

Terr.. 281
" Trees, Clean Culture.304
" " Eng., Kaising, 15

Fruiting, Banana, Open
Air. 294
" Cydonia japonica, 70

Fruits, Amer. Preserved, 142
" & Vegetables, Am., 2ii9
" '' •' Canning, 81 [268
" " " Phila. Markets,
" Colored Plates of, 242
" (iood Old, 268
" Japan, 367 [141

" Keeping from Insects,
" New, 81, 209, 367
" Retail, Phila., 304 [75

Fuchsia, FiauEminaToDfer,
" Standard, 136

Fuchsias, 42
" Yellow, 109

Fuller's Rose Beetle. 139

Fungi, Microscopic, 374

Fungus, Celery, 153
" in Pear, Kire blight, 142
" Rose, Terrible, 55
" Violet, 75

Further Notes, Pepino, 120

Gaillardias, 102
Garden, Amer., London
Exhibition. 316
Garden and Wil . Plants, Mt.
S nai, 376
" Botanic, Cal., 380
" " So. Cal.. 88

" Washiin. D. C, 124
" '• *• urchid. 39
" Gum Bands in, 14 1
" Kitchen. Beauty in. 143
'• Mud. of the Nile. 316
•' Notes, 196, 228, 260. 290
" '• Sept No., 326
" Pentstemons, 16(i
" Phloxes. 166
" Pleasures ..f, 219
" P. Lorillard, 205
" Vars.. Latin Names, 251
Gardeners' Accommdatns,57

Gardeners' Chronicle, 61
" from Old Woild, 316
" Good, Overstock of, 186
" Monthlv, Next Vol., 380
Gardener. Wealthy, 94
Gardening, Del. Co., Pa., 132
" for Profit, 95 [123

" Lindscape. in Oregon,
" Southern, 135 [dine, 156
" Taste, Old World, De-
Gardens, Amer. Exhibition,
London, 192
" Kew. 135
" Public, Wash'n, 120
" Siugerly, Wm. M., 56
" Small, Celerv in, 209
" Wilbur, E. P., 92
Garretson, G. R., Death, 319
Gas, in Greenhouses, Coal, 42

" Natural, 75
General Lee Peach, 271

" W. H. Noble, 59
Genuine Yellows. 173
Georgia, Ives Grape in, 210
" Late Frosts in, 153
" Spring-time ill, 89
" State Hort. Soc, 256
Geranium, Mrs. Andrews, 13
Geraniums, Mass. Hort. Soc.
" Standard, 107 [362

Gerardia, White, 343
German Pomology 300 Years

Ago, 157
Germantown Hort. Soc, 32,

128, 191, 224
Germany, Phylloxera in, 339
*' Plant Importation, 314
" Potato Beetle in, 343
Gesneras, 11
Giant Asparagus, 281
" Primrose, 138
" Rose. 23
Gigantic Sea Weeds, 95
Girth, Trees, Roy. Bot. Gar-
den, 256
Ginseng, Cultivating, 243
Gladiolus gandavensis, 326

" New Race, 230
Glance at Botany, 214
Glands on Plum, 80
Glazing Greenhouses, 137

" without Putty. 187, 298
Glenview, Terrace at, 193, 195
Globe Artichokes, 306

" Peach, 46
Gloeckner, Mrs. L., 283
Gloire Lyonnaise Rose, 23
Glory of Leyden Narcissus,
Golden Bell, 15tt [231

" Daisy, 218
" Larch, 358
" Queen Raspberry, 271
" Rod, 378
Gold Strawberry, 270
Good Basket Plants, 11
" Dahlias, 327 [of. 186

" iiardeners. Overstock
" Old Fruits, 268
" Peach Year. East, 368
" Planting, What i*, 324
" Summer Climbing An-
nual.*. 7
" Violet. 7 [98

Goodrich, Fred'k.Residence,
Gooseberry Fruit Borer, 242

•■ Native, 15
Gourd, Snalce, 277
Grafting Apple, Collar, 339
" Euonymus, 7
" JSIachines, 15
" on Northern Spy, 305[366
" Peach on White Thorn,
" " Small Roots, 94
" Persimmon, 16
(irammatical Errors, 57
Grape. Burger, 369
" Dish, Ornamenting, 332
" Empire State. 145
" Essentials of Perfect,114
" Foreign in America. 208
" Ives in Georgia, 210 [143
" Mildew, French Cure,
" Moore's Diamond, 81
" Progress, 116
" Rot, 242
" " Preventing, 304

Grape Vine, Huge, 339

" " Insect, New. 23

" " Large Eu., 176
Graperies, Cold, 143
Grapes and Asparagus, 15

'• " Currants, 88

'• Bees Eating, 22, 46

" Black Rot i n , 1 16, 1 74, 339

" Notes on, 336

" Prolific Californian, 143

" Summer Pruning, 210

" Weight of, 143
Grass, Couch, 213, 272

" Lawn, Louisiana, 165

" Tall, 101, 327

" Seed and Clover, 58

" Texas Blue. 199
Grasses of N. America, 158
Gray, Prof. Asa, 219, 252, 318
Great Britain .as Fruit Con-
sumer, 142

" Enemy, Am. Forests, 181
Green Ash, 370
Greenhouse, Ac, 8, 39,70, 103,
136, 167, 201, 231, 264,
296, 328. 361

" Boiler 40,

" Heating, 76

" Inexpensive, 71

" Rhododendrons, 267, 2(18
Greenhouses, Alex. Mitch-
ell's, 318

" Coal Gas in, 42

" Glazing, 137

" Insuring, 219

" Iron, 107

" New, 172

" Scotch, Growth of, 138

" Storrs, Harrison* Co., 25

" Wanainaker's, 106 [156
Greens & Trees, Christmas,
Greig, Gen. S. A., Death, 220
GrosColmanGrape, White, 209
Growing Celerv, Small Gar-
dens, 209

" Cut Flowers, Am., 139

" Fruits, & Climate, 2.38

" Hyacinths, 267

" Trees as Bushes, 164
Growth, Early, of Spider-
worts, 119

" Florida, Wonderful, 317

" Greenhouses, Scotland,
138

" Tiiuuer Trees, 246
Gum Bands in the Garden, 144

Haage & Schmidt, 348
Habits, Pear Midge,51 [167
Haliinodendron argenteum,
Haltica punctipennis, 216
Hardiness & Temperature, 51

'• Calla Lily, 295
Hardy Black Cap Raspb'y,I17

" Border Plants, 3 Good,

" Hibiscus, New, 262 [357

" Orange for North, 135
Harris Lily, Flowering, 12
Hartford Co , Conn., Hort.

Soc, 191
Hawthorn I'rees, 164
Hay Fever, 312
Hazel, Japan Witch, 135
Heart of the Sierras, 382
Heated Atmosphere, Chan-
Heating a Pit, 178 [ges, 54

" Greenhouses. 76

" Steam, 109, 137

" Old World's, 265

" with Wood, 44
Heavy Slopes, Mowing, 199
Hebeclinium iantliiorum, 233
Hedge Plants, Osage, Mice

Eating, 178
Heliotrope Queen of the
Violets, 75 [294

Hemlock, Parsons' Weeping,

" Spruce, Himalayas, 376

" " New, 50
Henderson, Peter & Co., 320
Hepatica, 37 [101

Herbaceous Plants. Culture,
Herbarium, Fine, 218
Herbariums, Analytical, 317
Her Majesty Rose, 4, 39, 96

" " Failure. 42.

Hermosa Rose, Fine, 200 [104

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

Hiliiscus, New Hardy, 262
Hickory, Pecan., North'n, 82
Himalayas, Spruce of, 370
Hints, 1, 8, 13, 33, 44, 65, 70^ 77,

97, 103, 110. 130, 136, 140, 161,

172, 193, 225, 237, 257, 289, 296,

321, 328, 353
History, Palifoxia,.183

" Pears, 2;;9
Hoa: I'luni, 3S0
Holland Bulb Trade, 286
Holy Ghost Plant, 204
Hollyhock Culture, 358
Hollyhocks, 166
Home of Sappho, 316
Honey, Poisonous, 381
Honeysuckle Trellises, 4
Honor of Nurserymen, 61
Honors to Hort. Editors, 25
Hoopes, Sarah, Death, 349
Hop, Japanese, 199, 26u

•' Plant Louse, 309
Horse Nettle as a Weed, 373

" Radish, 116

" Sod Cutters, 30

" TaUs for Florists, 298
Horticultural Ass'n Pa.State,
32, 128

" Building Construction,

" Co., Belgium, 160 [187

" Exhibitions, 286

" Premiums, 352

" Editors, Honors, 25

" Societies, d'C, 31, 62, 96,
126, 160, 189, 222, 256,
286, 320, 351, 383

" Society, American, 96
" Florida, 320
" Ga. State, 256

" " Germant'n, Phila.,
32,128,191,224 [191

" •* Hartford Co., Conn.,

" '• Iowa, 285, 318
" Maryland, 190
" Mass., 62, 64, 96, 160,
256, 285, 287

I. .1 u (Geraniums, 362
'• Michigan, 224

" ■' Missouri, 383
" N. Y.,12(<, 320
•• Penna., 31, 64, 126,
1()0, 189, 351, 383

" " Royal, 191

'• \Vest'n N. Y., 32 [60

" " WorcesterCo.iMass.,
Hoitlculture in America, 38u

" in Paris, 160

" •• British Columbia,219

'• " Japan, 219

" of Italy, 317

" Progressive, 205 [275, 342
Host Plants, Mistletoe, 5(),
Hot Water Circulation, 332

" " liilling Insects, 298
House Plants, Sanitary, 29

" Sparrow, 371
Houses, Storage, 286
Houstonia ccerulea, 156
Hovey, C. M., Death, 318

" " " Portrait, 30

How Forests Follow Rain-
fall, 181

" Peddlers Sell, 345

" Wood is Made, 27S
Hubbard, T. S„ Co., 220
Huckleberry, 305
Huge Grape-vine, 339
Huntington Homestead, 226
Hyacinth Bean, 30, 54, 93

" First Class, Type, 11
Hyacinths, 290, 320

" Growing, 267
Hybrid Blackberries, 217

•• New Fruits, 367

" Pears on Quince, 272

" Perp. Roses, Best, 198

" Plums 154, 185

•' Rhododendron, 358

" Streptocarpus, 327
Hybridization in Almond, 122
Hvbrids <fe Cross-breds, 182

" Fertile, 343

*' Formation of, 311

" Peach & Plum, 85. 148,
219, 300, 342, 344

" " & Plum, Supposed,302

Ills. Sweet Potato FL, 89
Illustrated Strawberry Cul-

turist, 186
Imantophyllumminiatum,137
Impatiens Roylei, 263
Imperfect Fertilization, 47
Important Discoveries, Plant

Louse, 309
Importation Plants, Ger-
many, 314
Imported Timber, Uses, 307
Improved Flower Pots, 296
Improvement, China Aster,

" Flowers, 227 [359

Indiana, Fruit in, 81
Indian Clover, 275

" Corn, ,380

" " & Phylloxera, 122
India Rubber Plant, 186 [286
Individual Exhibitions, 222,
Industry, Fruit, Protect'u,141
Inexpensive Greenhouses, 71
Injured Tree, Preserving, 8
Insect Agency, New Species,

" Enemy, Strawb'y,28 [312

" New Grape-vine, 23

'' on Chrysanthemum fru-
tescens, 76

" Pest, New Species, 312
Insecticides, 12 [298

Insects, Hot Water Killing,

" Injurious to Washiugt'n
Trees, 188

" Keeping Fruits from, 141

" Orange Scale, 270

" Reason in, 372
Insuring Greenhouses, 219
International Hort. Co., Bel-
gium, 160
Introduct'nChromos,TJ.S.,281

" Potato. France, 317
Iowa Hort. Soc, 285, 318
Ireland as FruitConsumer,142
Iron Greenhouses, 107

'• Stemmed Tree Cai-na-
tions, 203
Irregular Russet, Fruit, 335
Irruption, New Roses, 326
Isolated England, 58 [317

Italy's Agricul. & Horticul.,
Ives Grape in Georgia, 210
Ivy, English. 326

" " and Va.Creeper,135

Jackman, Geo., Death, 220
Jacotol, Henry, 285 [283
Jackson, Halliday, Death, 230,
Japan Cherry Bean, 116
" Clover, Travels, 277
" Fruits, 367
" Hop, 199, 260
" Horticulture, 219
" Lilies, 102
" Lotus, 165
" Pear as Stock, 14
" Persimmon, Barren, 272
" Plum, Kelsey's. 305, 335
" Plums, More, 366 [358
" Umbrella Pine, 146, 167,
" Vegetables in, 144
" Witch Hazel, 135
Jessie Strawberry, 46
Jerusalem, Fruit Gro wing,338
Jonesia Asoca, 327 [27

Johnson, Geo. Wm., Death,
June Morning, Westlnd.,316

Kalanchloe carnea. New, 109
Kalamazoo Celery, 305,365
"■ Park, 293
Kale, Sea, 176
Kalmialatifolia, 200
Kansas Forest Trees, 19

" Hard Maple in, 83

" Tree Planting, 369
Keeping Bulbs, Winter, 295

" Fruits from Insects, 141
KefEer, Clias. A., 252
Kellogg, Dr., Death, 220
Kelsey's Japan Plum, 305, 335
Kew Gardens, 135
Kieffer Pear, 81. 142

" D'bl Worked. Ill

■" " in Missouri, 15

Killing Couch Grass, 243, 272

" Insects, Hot Water, 29S
IvitcUeu Garden, Beauty, 143

Laburnum, 197
" Noxious Properties, 358
Lacharme, Francois, Death,

382
Ladies in Am. Philos. Soc.;251
Laing, Jno. 382
Lamb, Geo. P., Death, 285
Landreth, D., & Sons, 124
Landscape Gardening, Col'd
Walks, 229

" " in Oregon, 123

" Lawn Cemeteries, 361
Lansing, Mich., Market Ap-
Larch, 262 [pies, 113

" Golden, 358
Large Begonia, 25

" Canteloupe, 840

" Eu. Grape-vine, 176

" or Small Trees, 134

" Pansies, 7

" Sago Palm, 322

" Trees, Long Island, 371

" Vanda Sanderiana, 332

" Watermelon, 305
Largest Peaches, 143

" Pears in the World, 47
Late Frosts, Georgia, 153

'• Lilac, New, 231

" Season, France, 198
Latest Studies, Indians, 221
Latin Names, Garden Vars.,

251
Lattice-leaf Plant, Madagas-
car, 185
Lawn Grass, Louisiana, 165
Laws, Encouragement For-
Lawver Apple, 340 [estry, 147
Laying, Box, 166
Leaves as Manure, 8

" Autumn, Coloring, 23

" Maple, Milk in, 293
Lebanon Cedar, Fine, 38
Lecanium Hemisphoenicum,

A New Enemy, 86
Le Conte Pear, Quality. 46,366
Lemmon, Prof. J. G., 282, 348
Lemons, Sweet, 144
Leptosyne maritiina, 109
Liberality, Phila. Florists, 345
Life History, Hop Plant-
louse, 309

'• " Pear Midge, 51
Lifting Chrysanthemums, 267
Lilac, Chinese Weeping, 35

" New Late, 231
Lilacs in Pots, 12
Lilies, 4

" Calla, Culture, 44

" Japan, 102

" Rare Water, 124, 295
Lilium candidum. Fine, 44
Lily, Calla, 236, 295

" " D'bl Spathed, 185

" Fine Common White, 41

" Harris, Flowering, 12

" Lotus, 313

" of the Valley, 218

" Tiger, Double, 264

" Water, Sweet Red, 343

" " Yellow, 327 [50

Limestone Soil for Chestnut,
Lincoln Bla(>kberry, 176
Lindenia, 285, 349, 354, 383
Linnaeus, Birthplace, 347
Liquid Remedies, Mildew,175
Literature, Flowers of, 250

" Personal, &c., 24, 56, 89,
123, 155, 185, 218, 250,
280, 314, 344, 378
Localities of Red Cedar, 147
Local Peaches, 366
Locust, Yellow, 147 [32, 316
London, Amer. Exhibition,
Long Clusters Wistaria, 199

" Island, Large Trees, 371
Lonicera Standisliii, 167
Lousdalc .t 15art(>n, 220, 382
Look at Paul's New l;.i.ses,132
LorilhiKl, ri.MTc, (;;ivden,205
Loss, V.'golal.lcs. Florida, 16
Lotus, Jai)an, 165

" Lily, 343
Louisiana, Big Cypress, 20

" Lawn Grass for, 165
Love of Flowers, 280

" " "in the Arctics, 342

Lovers of Roses, 61, 123
Lovett Plum, 46
Lumber, Cvpress, 247
Luscious Wild Plum, 312

Machines, Grafting. 15
Madagascar Lettuce-leaf
Plant, 185
Madame Pynaert Peach, 46
Madeira Vine. 358
Madeleine Pear, 268, 269, 307
Magnolia cordata. 54

" Frazeri, Stipules, 376
Mahonias, 198 [270

Make Caterpillar Torch, 70,
Making Wreaths. 362, 363
Male Plants, Propagating, 185
Mammoth Sequoia, 326
Manetti Rose Stocks, 69, 165
Manure for Strawberries, 207

" Leaves as, 8
Manurina; Roses. 110
Maple, Hard, in Kansas, 83

" Leaves, Milk in, 293

" Norway, Milk in, 200

" Red and Sugar, 293
Mareschal Niel Rose, Re-
fractory, 171
Market Apples. Lansing,

Mich., 113
Marketing Raspberries, 340
Markets, Flower, 189

" Fruits & Vegetables, 268
Marriage, Wm. F. Dieer, 219
Maryland Hort. Society, 190
Mass, Florida to, Trip, 155

" Hort. Soc, 62, 64. 96, 160,
256, 285, 287

" " " Geraniums, 362

" Tree Planting in, 28
Masters, Dr. M. T., 348
May, Chrysanthemums in, 7
McQueen, Donald, Death, 94
Mead, Peter B., 93
Mealy Bug, 107

" " on Stephanotis, 300
Measuring Trees, 180
Meggatt, Wm., 283
Melon Pear, 24, 48. 54, 355

" Shrub or Pepino, 84
Memoirs, Mistletoe, 89
Menand, L., & Sons, 253
Meteor Rose, 235
Michaelmas 1 )aisies. 165
Mice Eating Osage Hedge,178
Michener, Dr. E., Death, 254
Michigan Hort. Soc, 224
Microscopic Fungi, 364 [251
Middlemen Among Florists,
Mignonette. New Kinds, 236

" Pot, 236 [174, 175

Mildew, Cure for, 12, 41, 143,

" Downy & Black Rot, 174

" Oil & Sulphur for, 12. 298
Milk in Maple Leaves, 200, 293
Miller & Hunt, 283

" & Yates. 283
Miltonia sp. Moreliana, 383
Mina lobata, 5, 6, 328 [281

Missouri, En^leman's Flora,

" Kieffer Pear in, 15

" State Hort. Soc, 383
Mistletoe in California, 56

" Florida, 55 [342

" Host Plants on, 56, 275,

" Memoirs, 89 (318

Mitchell, Alex. .Greenhouses,

" J. E., Death, 348
Mitchell, Senator, Death, 158
Modesty and Taxation, 59
Money Lesson from Rhu-
barb, 144
Monster Double White

Camellia, 362
Montg. Co. Rose Disease, 76
Monthlv Increase, Tree-girth,

256
Moon, Mahlon, Death, 94
Moore, Juo. B., Death, 282

" Thos., Death, 50
Moore's Diamond Grape, 81
Moth, Codlin, 115 [ation, 181
Mountains, French, Reforest-
Mouut Enos Fir. 147
Mowing Heavy Slopes, 199
Mrs. Andrews Geranium, 13
Mt.Siuai,Flo wers <&Plants,376

1887.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

389

Mud Gardens, Nile, 316
Mulberry, Paper, 278

" Teas' Weeping, 228, 325
Mum forChrysanthemuui,157
Munson, T. V , 220
Murdoch, J. R. & A.. 60
Mushroom Culture, 49, 112

" Fine, 81

" Poisonous, 209
Myoporineous Plants, Aus-
tralia, 29
Myrobalau Plum, 357

Nameless Beauty Rose, 1< 5,
168
Names, Chrysantliemums,251
" Houstonia coerulea, 156
" Latin, Garden Vars., 251
" Sport for Varieties, 317
Xapoleon's Flower, 58
NarcissusGlorv of Leyden,231

" Rip Van Winkle, 198
Native Country, Bauksian
" Gooseberry, 15 [Rose, 22
Natural Gas, 75
" Hist'y & Science. 20, 51,
83, 119,148.181,214,
250. 280, 309, 342, 371
" " Notes, Sep. No., 344
Nemastylis coelestina, 278,328
Nepenthes RafHesiana, 74
Nephrolepis rufescens, 361
Nettle, Horse, as Weed. 373
Nevada Wild Flowers, 250
New <fe Old Seeds, Powers,313
'• Apple Pest, 216
" Balsam, 263
" Classes of Roses, 199
" Daffodils, 295, 362
" Double Pomegranate, 7
" Enemy to Cucurbita-

ceous Plants, 86
" " to Peach Grower,208
" English Roses, 109
" Fruits, 81, 209, 3H7
" Grape-vine Insect, 23
" Greenhouses, 172
" Hardy Hibiscus, 262
" Hemlock Spruce, 50
'• Jersey & Penna. Arbor

Day, 146
" " Sweet Potato in, 54
" Kalanchloe, 109
" Kidney Scaled Fern, 363
" Kinds Mignonette, 236
" Late Lilac, 231
" Orleans Exhib., Useful
Woods at, 19
" Winter in, 25
'• Pea, Sharp's Queen, 16
" Potato, 369
" Race Gladiolus, 2.30

" Verbenas, 374
" Roses, 298, 326
" " P:ngland, 294

" French, 327
" " Paul's, 132
" Rose Sport, 236
" South, The, 186 [312

" Species, Insect Agents,
" Style Cineraria, 236
" Tomato, 369
" Trees, N. A., 122
" Type Dahlia, 7, 70, 96
" Vegetable, 177
" Weeping Mulberry, 228
" York Florist's Club, 251
" Hort. Soc, 128, 320
" Zinnias, 260
Nichols & Lorton, 254
Night Roses, 138
Nile Mud Gardens, 316
Niphetos Rose. 235, 298
Noble, Geu. W. H., 59

" Strawberry, 806
Noisette Rose, Origin, 58
" " Princesse de Lu-

signan, 198
N jnenclature. Calyx in, 141
North America,Grasses of,158
" New Trees, 122
" Plants, List of, 96
Northern & Southern Sweet
Corn. 144
" Range, PecanHickory,82
" Spy Apple as Stock. .305
North, Orange Hardy for, 135

Norway Maple, Milk in, 200
" Spruce, 293 [bilis, 203
Note, Bougainvillea specta-
" Lorillard Gardens, 205
" Singerlv Gardens, 56
Notes. Florida, 49 [268

" Fruits & Veg., Phila.,
" " West'n I'enna., 14
" Garden, 196, 228, 260, 290
" " ('alifornia, 290
" " Summerville, 228
" Grape, 336
" Mushroom Culture, 112
" Orchid, Washington, 30
" Pepino, 84, 129
" Rochester, .303
" Sept. No., 326, 337, 342
" Trip, Fla. to Mass., 153
" Violet, Classical, 1.57
" Wanamaker's Green-

hovises, 106
" Wild Flowers, Fla., 120
" Winter Decorative, 9
Noxious Properties, Labur-
num, 358
Nurseries in Utah. .380
Nursery, Early Phila., 346
Nurserymen, Honor of, 61
Nurserymen's Ass'n, Am. ,223

flak, English,

Rockv Mountain, 119

Obituary, 27. 59 60,94, 125, 158,

186, 220, 254, 2.55, 282, 28:^, 284,

285, 318, 319, 348, 349, 381, ;*2

Ohio, Strawberries for, 270

Oil & Sulphur for Mildew, 12,

298
Old & New Seeds, Powers, 313
" Fruits, Good, 268
" Gold Carnation, 236 [316
" World, Gardeners from,
" " Garden Taste, De-
cline, 156
" " Steam Heating, 267
Only a Thistle, 380 [383

Ontario Entomological Soc,
Onion, Danvers Yellow, 81
Open Air Fruiting, Banana,294
" " Rose, Etoile de

Lyon, 315
" Ground, Roses in, 264,356
Orange Hardy for North, 135
" Scale Insects, 270
" Trees, 1.39 [279

•' " Second Flowering,
Oranges, Florida, Wild, 181
" Seedless, 184
" Storing, 3(i5
Orchards, Old, Planting in, 47
Orchid, Dove, 204
" Notes, Washington, 39
" Seeds, 139
Orchids, Cheap, 235 [dens, 331
•' Sept., U. S. Bot. Gar-
" Wisconsin, 150 [iiig, 123
Oregon Landscape Garden-
Oriental Plane Tree, 262

" Spruce, 164
Original Bartlett Pear, 365
Origin of Flowers, 185

'• Noisette Rose, 58
Ornamental Birches, ;K9
Ornamenting Grape Dish, 332
Orris Root, 375
Osage Hedge,MiceEating.l78
Our Gov't Entomologist, 282
Over-heated Wood, 107
" Statements, 219 [ers, 186
" Stock of Good Garden-

Paciflc Cut Flowers, East'n
Markets, 234
Packing Pears, 142
Palafoxia, History, 183
Palm, Sago, Large, 332
Pancratium ovatuiu, 105
Pansies, Large, 7

•• Tufted, 263
Papa Goniier Rose, 43
Paper Flower Pots, 109

" Mulberry, 278

" Yucca, 55
PaphineaLindenia,3S3 [298
Paris Bouquets, Flowers for

" Green for AppleWorms,

" Horticulture at, 160 [208
Park, Fairmouut, 24

Park, Kalamazoo, Mich., 293
" Public, Newburg, 262

Parks, Public, Boston, 182,262

Parsons, S. B., 378
" Weeping Hemlock, 294

Pasadena, California. 159

Passer domesticus, 151

Passiflora Kermesina, 297

Passion Flower. 2''0

Patenting Fruits, 61

Paul's New Roses, 132

Paulownia, 50
" imperialis, 115
" Wood, 342

Peach, Amer. Apricot, 306
" & Plum Stocks, 141, 174,
" Bidwell, 49, 306 [366

" Cotyledons, 153
" Culture, 60
" " America, 316
'• Globe, 4(i

" Gen'l Lee, 271 [for, 208
" Growers, New Enemy
" Hybrids, 85, 148, 249, 300,

342, 344
" in America, 280
" Mad. Pynaert, 46
" on Blackman Plum^ 77
" Persian, ;%7
" Thurber, 305
" Tomato. 369
" Trees, Cutting Back, 49
" " in New England, 143
" Year in the East, 366
" Yellows, 1,''3

Peaches, Early, 337
" Foster, 366 [366

" Grafted on WhiteThorn,
" Largest, 143
" Local, 366

Pear. Beurre Hardy, 271
" Blight & Wood Ashes,206
" " History & Biology ,30,

125, 338
" Compte de Flandre, 46
" Dana's Hovey, 143
" Diplosis, 51
•' Divine, 317
" Doyenne d'ete. 143
" Fire Blight, 122, 142, 243
" Flemish Beauty, 143
" Idaho, 341

" Insect, Troublesome, 176
" Japan as Stock, 14
" Kietfer. 81, 142

" DoubleWorked,lll
" " in Missouri, 15
" Le Conte, Quality, 46,366
•' Madeleine, 268. 269, 3U7
'■ Melon, 24, 48, 54, 355
" Midge, 51
" Original Bartlett, 366
" Prickly, Alcohol from,55
" Sand '& Uvbrids on

Quince, 272
" Trees Stunted. 341
" Twig Blight, 341
" Wilder, 271

Pears & Apples from Seed, 78
'• " their History, 239
" BeurreDiel, Weight, 339
•' Cold Storage, 305
" Early, 338
" Largest in World. 47
" on Quince. 213, 272
" Packing, 142
" Skill in Ripening, 142
" Poetical Allusions to.338

Pea, Sharp's Queen, 16 [H2H
" White Everlasting, 2«7,

Peas, Sweet, 37,101, 102,2t)7,32()

Pecan Hickory, Northern
Range, 82

Peculiarities. Crossing, 343
" Plum, 217

Peculiar Koses, 107

PeddUrs, How they Sell, 315

Penna. & N. J. Arbor Day, 146
" Cost Fencing Timber,117
" Hort. Soc, 31, 64, lL'6, 1^0,

189, 351, 383
" State Hort. Ass'n, .32, 128
" Western, Fruit Notes. 14

Pentstemons, Gardens, 166

Pepino or Melon Shrub, 84,
120,355

Perennial Phloxes, 101
Perfect Grape, Essentials,114
Perle des Jardins, Rose, 267
Persian Cyclamens, Sweet
Scented, 154
" Peach, 357
Persimmon, Grafting, 16

" Japan, Barren, 272
Persistence, Varieties, 22
Personal Exhibitions, 222, 286
Pest, New Apple, 216
Petunias, Bees Slitting, 218
Phila., Cantaleupes in, 305
" City Councils, 93
" Florists, Liberality, 345
" Nursery. An Early, 346
" Prices, 156, 208, 304
" Strawberry Season, 208
" Wholesale Markets, 268
I'hilodendion Andreanum,

333, 334
Philosophical Soc, Amer.,261
Phloxes, Garden, 166

" Perennial, 101

Phorodendron Humili, 309

Phylloxera & Indian Corn, 122

" California, 368

" Germany, 339

Picea Omorico, 135

" or Abies, 121
Pine, Cembrian, 118
" Table Mountain, 163
" Timber, Corsican, 20, 144
" '• Scotch, 50
" Umbrella, 146, 167, 358
" Yellow in Eng., 147
Pinney's Nurseries, 60
Pinus excelsa, 164
" ponderosa, 181
" pungens, 163
Pipr>in, Ribstone, 143
Pistillate Strawberries, 209
Pitcher Plants. 73
Pit, Heating a, 178
Pithy Celery, 16
Pits, Tea Roses in, 2,33
Plane Tree, Oriental. 262
Plans, Book of, 95 [son, 123
Plantain Leaf for Rhus Poi-
Plant,Coffee,AgeBearing,154
" Descriptions & Analy-

" DifterentPortions,Seed,

279, 309
" for Tree Shade, 165
'• Holy Ghost, Dove Or-
chid, 204
" India Rubber, 186
" Lattice leaf, 1^5
" Louse, Life History, 309
" Window, Dandelion as.
Planted Well, Trees, 263 [II
Planting Trees on Farms, H7
" Asparagus, 116
" Beans & Cucumbers, 277
'• Forest, Best Kinds, 24«

" Profits, 273
" Good, What is, 324
" Large or Small Trees, 134
" Site of Old Orchards, 47
" Tree, in Kansas, 369
" " What Pd Do, 35
Plants, Acclimatizing, 55 [312
" and Flowers, Poisonous,
" as Sanitary Agents, 204
'• Bedding, 326
" " Crotons as, 294 [357
" Border, 3 Good, Hardy,
" Color in, 236
" Combination, 201
" Companion, 135, 343
" Depauperite, Seeds, 23
" Good basket, 11
" Herbaceous,Culture.l01
" Herbarium, 281 [275

" Host, of Mistletoe, 56,
■' House, Sanitary Ag'ts, 29
" Importation, Germ'y,ai4
" Insect Agency in Spe-
cies, 312
" Male, Propagating, 185
" New Species. 312
" North Ainer., List, 96
" on Arrival, Care, 365
" Pitcher, 73
" Swamp, 343

39°

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[December,

Plants, Watering, 330 |

" Winter Decoration, 9
Plates, Fruits, Colored, 242
Please Send No Flowers, 42
Pleasures of a Garden, 219
Ploughs, Tricvcle, 141
Plum & Peacih Stocks, 141,
" Apricot, 17 [174, 36U

" Blackaian, 45
" " for Peach, 77

" Chickasaw, 340
" Glands on, SO
" Hog, 380

" Kelsey's Japan, 305, 335
" J^ovett, 46

" Myrobalan, 357 [217

" Peculiarities, Cortical,
" Stanton, 116
'■ Stocks Si Hybrids. 141,

148,300,342,314
" " A Yellows, 141, 174
"' Wild, Luscious, 312
Plums, Curculio proof, 341
" More Japan, 366
" Hybrid, 85, 151, 182, 185,
•' Potting, 212 [249

Poetical Allusions, Pears, S38
Pogogynu nudiuscula, 165
J^oinsetta Culture, 43
Poisonous Honey, 381
" Mushroom, 209
" Plants & Flowers, 312
Poison Rhus, Remedy, 53. 123
" Vine. Cure, 23 [382

Poissone, Mise Susan, De th,
Po4en from Rye Fiekis, 277
Polyanthus, 102
Pomegranate, New Double, 7
Pomological Soc, Amer., 32,

64, 223, 287, 320
Pomology Departm't, U.S.,58
" <feMr. Uarry.93
" Germany oOO Years Ago.
Poolev, David. Death. 94 [157
P.ior Seeds, 272, 334, 338
Popular Gardening, 28

" Roses, 107
Poppy, Arctic, 165
Portrait, Hovey, C. M., 30
Potato beetle. Germany, 343
" Culture, 114
" Introduction, France,3l7
" Protecting from Beetle,
" Rot, Cause, 22 [242

" Soup, 177
" Sweet Florida, 51
" '• Flowering iuins.,89
•' " N.J..54
" " Virginia, 20
Potatoes, Cooked, Oi
" on Beans, 313
" Sweet, Fine, 81
pi.tMiiiionette, 236
Pot.-', Flower, Papei-, 109

" Lilacs iu. 7
Powdeis for .Mildew, 75
Powell, Jas.. Death, 158 [313
Powers of Old <fe New Seeds,
Practical Floriculture. 285
" Forestry, 82, 178
" Glance, botany, 214
Prairie States, Chestnut, 370
Premiums IbrScotchThistles,
2.'4
" Horticultural, 352
Preserved Fruits, Amer., 142
Preserving Api>les from
Worms. 208
" Injured Tree, 8
" Pears, Cold Storage, 305
President Rhododendron, 299
Pretty Weed, Chelidonium,

133
Preventing Rot. Grapes, 304
Prices. Phila., 156, 20S, b04
Prickly Pear, Alcohol from,55
Primrose, Giant, 138
Primula impeiialis, 138
" obconica, 109
" SieboUlii, 7 [Rose, 198
Princess Mane de Lusignau
. " Sandwich Islands. 158
Privet, 294 [nati, 124

Probasco Fountain, Cincin-
Produce, Floral, Sales of, 267
Production from Seed, 78

Profit & Loss, Vegetables,

Florida, 16
Profits, Forest Planting, 293

'• Timber Culture, 143
Progress, Grape, 116
Progressive Horticulture, 205
Prolific Cal. Grapes. 143
Propagating Male Plants. 185
Propagation of Plants, 221
Protecting Fruit Industry, 141

" Potato from Beetle, 242
Pruning Grapes, Suiunier,210

" to Promote Vigor, 154

" Transplanted Elm, 38

" Vital Effects of, 47
Prunus Chicasa, 302

" occidentalis, 312

" Pissardi, 294, 357
Public Festival. Flowers, 266

" Gardens. Wash'n, 120

" Parks, 188, 262

" Roads, 166 [267

" Sales. Floral Produce,

" School Flower Show, 288
Puritan Rose, 109,201,235,362
Purple Beech with Cut Flow-
ers, 332
Puttv, Glazing Without, 187,

298
Puzz]e,Scientific, Shepherdia

Roots, 182
Pyrus Parkmani, 35

" Spectabilis, 35

Quality in Fruit, 272, 281
'• Le Conte Pear, 46, 366
Queen Margaret, Yellow, 37
" Nathalie, 252 [trope. 75
" of the Violets Helio-
Question, The Forestry, 245
Quince, Chinese, 80, 368
•' Pears on, 243, 272

Race, New Verbenas, 374
Radish es. Breakfast,
French, 81
Railroad Accommodations,
Rainfall and Forests, 49 [218
" How Forests Follow, 181
" World's, 312
Raising Fruit Trees. Eng., 15
Range, Northern, Pecan

Hickory, 82
Raphia vanifera, l;:i8
Rapid Changes, Climate, 184

'■ Traveling, 24
Rare Evergreens, W ana-
maker's, 103
Raspberries, Bees Eating,272
" Marketing, 340 [117

Raspberry, Hardy Black Cap,
" Golden Queen, 271 [283
Ravenel, Dr. H. W., Death
Ravishing Snow Flower, 286
V eason in Insects , 372
I ed and White Roses, 250 [167
" Berried Elder, Cut rv'd,
" Cedar, Localities, 147
" Spider on ArborVit8e,278
" Water Lily, 34i[R()se.l71
Refractory Mareschal Niel
Reforestation French Moun-
tains, 181
Rcmarks,Chry8anthemum,39
Remedies. Mildew, 175
Remedy, Poison Rhus, 53
Resurrection Kern, 377 [304
Retail Prices. Phila., 156, 208,
Reviving Wilted Cuttings,3()0
Reynal, J., Residence, 130
Rhododendron balsaminse-
florum album, 266, 267
" Hybrid, 358
" President, 299. [298

Rhododenilrons,Greenhouse,
Rhubarb, 116
" Forced. 341
" Money Lesson from, 144
Rhus. Poi.son. Remedy, 55, 123
Ribstone Pippin Apnie, 143
Rilev, Prof. C. V. 25, 282
Ripening Pears, Skill in, 142
Rip Van Winkle NarcissBS,198
Rising of Heated Air, 54
Roadside Trees, 370
Roads, Public, 166
Robin, Destruction, 314
Rochester N otes, 303

Rock, John, 219 |

Rocky Mountain Oak, 119
Rohrer Bros., Lancaster, 283
Room Ornaments, Cut Roses,
Root, Orris. 375 [138

Roots, Shepherdia; Scien-
tific Puzzle, 182
" Small, Grafting, 94
" 'J'ap, of Trees, 273, 338
Rosa Brunonis, 165
Rose, A Giant, 23 [235,251,331
' ' Am. Beauty, 196, 201, 232,
" Archduchesse,Maria.l99
" Banksian, Country of, 22
" Beauty of Glazenwood.
" Beetle. Fuller's, 139 [362
" Culture. Amateur, 261
" CrownPrincessVictoria,

360
" Disease, Montg. Co., 76
" Etoile de Lvon, Open

Air. 31.5 "
" Fine Hermosa, 200
" Fungus, Terrible, 55
" Gloiie Lyonnaise, 23
" Her Majesty, 4, 39, 98

"■ Failure, 42, 104
" Leaf Aphis, 110
*' Leaves, :Slack Spot, 36
•' Mareschal Niel, Refrac-
tory, 171
" Meteor. 235 [168

" Nameless Beauty, 105,
" Niphetos, 298
" Noisette, 198

" Origin, 58
" Papa Gontier, 43
" Perie des Jardins, 267
" Puritan, 1U9, 201, 235, 362
" Seedlings, California, 7
" Sport Irom S. de Mal-

inaison, 236
" Stock, Manetti, 69, 165
Roses, 67,99
" & Camellias. 139
" Best H. P., 198
" Blindwood on. 110
" Classifying, 165
'• Cut, for Rooms, 138
" English, Cost, 25 [298
" for Winter Cut-flowers,
" from America, Cut, 203
" " Slugs, To Free, 357
" in Open Ground, 356
" Lovers of, 61, 123
" Manuring, 110
" New, 298, 326

" Classes, 199
" English, 109, 294
" French, 327
" Paul's, 132
" Newer, 43
" Night, 138
" Open Ground, 264
" Peculiar, 107
" Popular, 107
" Red and White, 250
" Striped, 135
" Sweet Scentea, 198
" Tea, in Pits, 233
" Two Promising, 107
Rot, Black, In Grapes, 116,174,
242, 339
" Grape, Preventing, 304
" Potato, Cause, 22
Rothrock, Prof. J. T., 93, 282
Koyal Hort. Soc, 191 [160
" Soc. Literature, Eng.,
Rubus trivialis, i54 [218

Rudbeckia or Golden Daisy,
Rural Taste, Changes, 133
Rusby, Dr. H. H., 60
Russet in Fruit, Irregular, 335
Russian Weejiing Mulberry,

New, 228
Rye Fields, Pollen from, 277

Sago Palm, i^arge, 332
Saint Dunstan and Apple
Tree, 186
Salad, Dandelion. 16
Sales. Floral Produce, 267
Salt Tree, Siberian, 167
Sarabucus Canadensis, 328
Sanders, Edgar, 283
Sand Pear on Quince, 272 [158
Sandwich Islands, Princess,

Sanitary Agents, Plants, 204
Sappho^ Home of, 316
Sargent. Prof. C. S., 348 [259
Satterlee, S. K., Residence,
Saunders, Prof. Wm., 59
Scale Insects, < orange, 270
Scarlet Carnation, 110 [220
Schmoele, Dr. W. H., Death,
Schools, Horticulture in, 61
Sciadoptys verticillata, 146
Science Ass'n, American, 222
Scotch Pine Timber, 50 [^221
" Thistles, Premiums tor,
Scotland Greenhouses,

Growth, 138
Scoville i omato, 46
Sea Kale, 176, 368
Seashore, Tamarisk for, 294
Season Coming, for Mass.
Hort. Soc, 62
" Fruit, West'n Penna.,14
Sea Weeds, Gigantic, 95
Second Flowerinir,Orange,279

" " Trees, 343
Seed. Appies & Pears from,78
" Clover & Grass, 58
" Daffodil, 7 [279. 309

" Different Parts, Plant,
" Raising Plants from, 255
" Trade Ass'n, Amer., 223
Seedless Oranges, 184
Seedlings, Rose, California, 7

" Young, Treatment, 78
Seeds, Amaryllis, Sowing, 236
" Depauperite Plants, 23
" Fine, Watering, 201
" How to Keep, 803
" Old & New, Powers, 313
" Orchid, 139
" Poor, 272, 334, 338
" Vegetable. Sowing, 46
" Vitality, 183, 248, 309
Semi-Tropical Planter, 285
Senicio cineraroides, 109
Sept. No. Notes, 326. 337, 342
" Orchids, U. S. Bot. Gar-
dens, 331
Sequoia, Mammoth, 326
Service Berries, 313
Shade Tree, Plant for, 165
Sharpe's Queen Pea, 16
Sharpless Strawberry, 270
Shepherdia Canadensis, 101

" Roots, 182 [323

Shiefllin, H. M., Residence,
Short Names tor Vars., 317
Show,Chrysanthemum, 63,383
Showers, Summer Thunder,

Cause, 153
Siberian Salt Tree, 167
Side Terrace. Glenview, 195
Simon, Fk. Emile, Death, 27
Single Dahlia, 326
Sing, Why Birds, 311
Skill in Ripening Pears, 142
Slag as Fertilizer, 366
Slitting Flowers, Bees, 218
Slopes, Mowing Heavy, 199
Slugs, To Kree Roses from, 357
Small Gardens, Celery Grow-
ing, 209
" or Large Trees, Plant-
" Y'ard, A, 102 [ing, 134
Smilax lanceolata, 278.
Smith, Erwiu F., 282

'• Jno. M., 282
Snake Gourd, 277
Snap Dragon, 102
Snowdrop, Early, 198
Snow Flower, Ravishing, 286
Sobralia macrantha, 264
Sodcutter, Horse, 30 [50

Soil, Limestone for,Chestnut,
Some Important Discoveries,
Plant-louse, 309
" Wild Flowers, Fia,,y217
Sophora Japonica, 358
Sorghum Sugar, 242, 311
Soup, Potato, 177
South Africa, Tuberose ln,.358
Southern <fe North'n Sweet
Corn, 144
" Dewberry, 154
" Gardening, 135 [tion, 362
Souv. de Malmaison Carna-
.•sowing Seeds, Amaryll s, 235

i887.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

391

Sowing Sweet Peas, 37

" Vegetable Seeds, 46
Sow-thistle Sinnaoli, 144
Spare That Tree. 179
Sparrow, English, 151

" House, 371
Species, Insect Agency, 312
Spider on Arbor Vitae, 278
Spider worts. Early Growth,
Spinach, 144, 271 [119

Spiraea Japonica, 135

" Venusta, 295, 328 [56
Spot, Black, on Rose Leaves,
,Spring of 1887. 182

" time in Georgia, 88
Spruce, New Hemlock, 50

" Norway, 2Ei3 [370

" of Himalayas, Hemlock,

" Oriental, 164
Stachys afflnis, 209
Standard Fuchsia, 136

" Geraniums, 107
Stanton Bean, 46

" Plum, 116
State Forestry Board, Cal.,320
StaticeHolfordi, 43
Steam Heating. 109, 137

" " Old World, 265 [333

Stephanotis floribunda, 265,

" Mealy Bug ou, 300
Stigmaphyllum ciliatum, 106
Stipules Magnolia Frazeri,376
Stock, Japan Pear, 14

" Manetti, 69, 165 [366

Stocks, Plum & Peach, 141,174

" Rose, 165
Stonehurst, 1

Stone, L. V., Residence. 67
Storage, Cold, Pears, 305

" Houses, 286
Storing Oranges, 305
Storms & Currents, 311
Storrs, Harrison & Co., 25
Strawberries, Alpine, 17H

" & Tomatoes, Forced, 144

" Enormous Consumpt'n,

" Forcing, 241 [305

" Manure for, 207

" Ohio, Approved, 270
Strawberry Beds, Burning

*' Belmont, 271 [Over, 303

" Bubach, 271

" Gold, 270

" Insect Enemy, 23

" Jessie, 46

" Noble, 306

" Season, Phila., 208

" Sharpless, 270

" Supports, 115
Streptocarpus, Hybrid, 327
^striped Roses, 135
Stunted Pear Trees, 341
Styrax Obessa, 200
Suburbs, Florists in, 255
Succession of Forests, 244
Sugar and Red Maple, 293

" in China, 377

'• Sorghum, 242, 311 [298
Sulphur & Oil for Mildew, 12,

" on Vegetation. 328
Summer Annuals, 7, 131

" Pruning Grapes, 210 [153

" ThunderShow'rs, Cause,
Summerville Garden Notes,
Supports, Strawberry, 115[228
Swamp Plants, 343

•• Trees in UryGround, 164
Sweet Briars, 166 [144

" Corn,North'n&South'n,

" Liemons, 144

" Peas, 37, 101,102, 267, 326

" Potatoes, Fine Crops, 81

" Potato Flowering, Ills.,
" in Florida, 51 [89
" " N. J., 54

' Va.,'20

" Red Water Lily, 343

" Scented C h r y s a n t h e-
mums, 236

" " PersianCyclamens,
" Roses, 198 [154

Swiss Cross, The, 95
System, Bedding, The, 357

Table Mountain Pine, 163
Tall Grass, 101
Tamarisk for Seashore, 294
Tap Roots. Trees, 273, 338
Tasteful Wreath, 329 [156
Taste, Garden, in Old World,

" Rural, Changes, 133
Taxation and Modesty, 59
Taylor, Alex., Residence, 3.51
TeaPlant.Enrope,lstLiv'na-,
Tea Roses in Pits, 233 [:^75
Teas' Weeping Mulberry. 228
Temperature, Hardiness it, 54
Tennessee Fruit Region, 113

" Pear Blight, 243
Terrace, Glenview, 195
Terrible Rose Fungus, 55
Terry, Jno. T., Residence, 289
Texas Blue Grass, 199

" Flora, Young's, 275
Thanatophore, 12
Thistle, Only a, 380
Thistles, Premiums for. 224
Thomas, Dr. Geo., Death, 319
Thorp, John, 2.52
Those Ugly Weeds, 1-56
Thoughts, Practical, Fores-
try. 82, 178
Three Good BorderPlants,.357
Thrips, Destroying, 109 [153
Thunder Showers. Summer,
Thurber Peach, 305
Tiger Lily, Fine Double, 264
Til ford, J. M., Residence, 34
Timber, Birchwood, 50
" Corsican Pine, 20. 147
" Culture, Profits, 143
" Fencing, Penna., 117
" Imported, LTges, 307
" Scotch Pine, 50
" Trees, Growth, 2-16
Tobacco & Black Aphis, 16

" Vapor, no
Tomato Culture, 46
" New, 369
" Peach, 369
Tomatoes & Strawberries,
" Dwarf, 101 [forced, 144
Torch, Caterpillar, 270
Trade. Azalea, 186 [mums. 11
" CutFlower.Chrysantlie-
Tradescantia, Early Growth,

119
Trailing Arbutus. 56 [38

Transplanted Elm, Pruning,
TransplantingEvergreens,370

" Trees, 326
Traveling, Rapid, 24

" with the Driver, 186
Travels. Japan Clover, 277
Treatment, Grape Rot & Mil-
dew, 174
Tree Carnations,Iron-stem'd.
" Girth, Increase, 256 [203
" Injured, Preserving, 8
" Planting, Kansas, 369

" Mass,, 28
" " What Fd Do, 35
" Shade, Plant for, 165
" Tubs, 234

" Tulip, 147 [179

" Woodman Spare That,
Trees &Greens.Christraas,156
" Best for Forest, 246
" Catalpa. 49
" Forest, Kansas, 19
" Grown as Bushes, 164
•' Hawthorn, 164 [ing, 134
" Large or Small, Plant-
" " of Long Island, 371
" Measuring, 180
" N. Amer., New, 122
" Orange. 139, 279
" Peach, Cutting Back, 49
" Roadside, 370
" Swamp, in Dry Ground,
" Tap Roots, 273 [104

" Timber, Growth, 246
" Transplanting, 326
" Use & Beauty, 210
Trellises, Honeysuckle, 4
Trevor, Jno. B.,Residence,193
Trichophiba tortilis, 167

Tricycle Ploughs, 141
Trip, Florida to Mass., 155
Triumph Aster, 360
Troublesome Insect, Pear,176
Tuberose Bulbs, 36, 235

" in South Africa. 358
Tuberoses, Value. a58 [361
Tuberous-rooted Begonias, 6
Tubs, Fig Culture, 3('5

" Tree, 147
Tuf red Pansies, 263
Tulip Tree, 147
Turnip Varieties, 242
Twig Blight, Pear, -341
Two Florists' Roses, 107
Tvpe, Dahlia, New, 7. 70, 96

" 1st Class Hvacinth, 11
I Iglv Weeds. 156
U UmbrellalPine. 146, 167, 358
Underdrawing, 367
Unscientific Forestry, 180
Utah Nurseries. 380

" Vegetables, 368

Valley, Lily of. 218
Value of Conventions..3.52
" " Tuberoses, .3.58,
Vanda Sanderiana. Lai ge, 332
Van Geert, Auguste, 27
^'apor, of Tobacco, 110
Variegated Am, Elder. 328

" Umbrella Pine, 167
Varieties, Best Way. 301

" Latin Names, 251

" Persistence. 22

" Short Names, 317

" Turnip, 242

" Wearing Out, .367
Vase, Bulb. 11
Vegetable. New, 177

" or Fruit, 177

" Seeds, Sowing, 46 [269
Vegetables & Fruits, Amer.,

" " " Coming, 81

" " Phila., 268,

" Florida, Loss, 16 [304

" in Japan, 144

" " Utah, 367

" Water in, 154
Vegetation, Sulphur on, 328
Verbena hybrida compacta
nana, 374

" NewR'ice, -374
Verbenas. Fine, .328
Veteran Editor, Death, 27
Vigor and Kertility, 277

" Pruning to Promote, 154
Vine, Madeira, 358

" What is a, 255
Vineyard, G. B. Andrews',305
Violet, A Good, 7

" Classical Notes, 157

" Fungus. 75

" Napoleon's Flower, 58
Violets, 102
Viigiuia Creeper, 135

" Sweet Potato in, 20
Virgin's Bower, 58
Vitality of Seeds, 183, 248. 309
Vital Powers, Old and New
Seeds. 313

Wafer Ash, 317 [229

Walks, Colored, Efeect.
Wanamaker'sEvergreens,103

" Greenhouses, 106
Washington Bot.Gardens,124

" Orchid Notes, 39

" Pub. Gardens, 120

" Territory Fruit, 280
Water, Cold, for Flowers, 267

" Cost of, 93

" in Vegetables, 154

" Lilies, 294

" Lily, Red, 343
" Yellow, 327

" Melon, Large, 805

" Weed, American, 23
Watering Fine Seeds, 204

" Plants, 330
Watrous, Chas. L., 282
Wattle Bark, 54
Wealthy Gardener, 94
Wearing Out, Vars., .367
Weather, Amer., in Eng., 345

Weed, Butterfly, 286

" Horse Netxie as, 373
Weeds, Beautiful, 85

" Those Ugly, 158 [294

Weeping Hemlock, Parsons',

" Lilac, Chinese, 35

'* RussianMulberry.Teas',
228, 325
Weight, Beurre Diel Pears,339

" Grapes, 143
Well Planted Trees, 263
Western N. Y. Fruit Crop, 304

" Hort. Soc, 32
West Indies. June in, 316
Weston, Edw., Residence, 246
What I'd Do in Tree Plant-

" is a Vine, 255 [ing. 35

" " Good Planting, 324
WhenSumac (ilimmers Red,
WhiteAmer. Wistaria.l02[.345

" and Red Koses, 250

" Asparagus, 342

" Everlasting Pea, 267, 326

" Geiardia, 343

" Gros Colmar Grape. 209

" Thorn, Peach on, 366
Whitman, Erra, Death, 2S4
Wholesale Fruits & Veg.,

Phila, 268
Wigand, Dr., Death, 94
Wilbur, E. P., Gardens, 82
Wilder, Col. M. P., 25

" " " Death, 61

" Pear. 271
Wild Flowers & Plants, Mt.
.Sinai, 376

" " Berkshire Hills, 21
" Dakota, 2!, 84

" " Florida, 83, 120, 247

" " Nevada, 2.50

" Oranges, Florida, 181

" Plum. Luscious, 312
Wilson, the Ornithologist, 252
Wilted Cuttings, Reviving,30O
Window Plant, Dandelion, 11
Winter Carnations, 171, 298

" Cut Flowers, Roses for,

" Decorative Notes, 9 [298

" Keeping Bulbs. 295

" New Orleans, 25
Wisconsin Orchids, 150
Wistarias. 31

" White American. 102
Witch Hazel, Jaiian, 1.35
AVonderful Bouquet, 43

" Growth of Florida, 317
Wood Ashes&PearBlight,206

" Heating with, 44

" How Made, 278

" of Paulownia. .342

" Over-heated, 107
WoodmanSpare that Tree,179
Woods, U. S„ at New Or-
leans, 19
Worcester Co., Mass. Hort.

Soc, 60
World, Largest Pears in, 47
World's Rainfall, The, 312
Worm, Carnation, 75

" Drop or Basket, 293
^orms Apple, Paris Green
for, 208

" Preserving Apples from.
Wreath Making. 362, 363 [208

•' Tasteful, 329

Yard, A Small, 102
Yellow Cypress, 346

Yellow Fuchsias, 109
" Locu.st, 147
" Onion, Danvers, 81
" Pine in England, 117
'• Queen Margaret, 37
" Water Lily, 327 [174

Yellows & Plum Stocks, 141,
" Genuine. 173
" Peach, 183

York Imperial Apple, 145

Young's Flora of Texas, 275

Yucca Paper, 55

Zinnea elegans, 197
Zinneas, New. 260
" Zebra, 360

IHE

GARDENERS' MONTHLY

AND

HORTICULTURIST.

DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS.

Edited by THOMAS MEEHAN.

Volume XXX.

JANUARY. 1888.

Number 349,

Flower Garden and Pleasure Ground.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Walking out with a bright child, once on a time,
the writer came to a very beautiful stable built
by a wealthy gentleman who prided himself
on having everything of the most costly descrip-
tion. There were windows and door- ways, look-
ing for all like an ordinary dwelling-house. " That
is no dwelling-house," was the remark to the child.
" I know it is not," was the quickwitted reply,
" because it has not any chimney tops." Did it ever
occur to many, as it did to this child, that a dwell-
ing-house is not a full ideal of a house unless it has
chimneys ? and that if we would work out a perfect
specimen of architectural beauty, the chimneys
must not be forgotten. If we look at the work of
our best architects, we note how much attention
they pay to this character. And yet it will not do to
overdo even this good point. We know a factory
by its tall chimney, as well as a stable by none,
and the just harmony must be considered in
arranging the chimneys for a dwelling.

We give to-day a view of " Greyrock," the
residence of D. J. Garth, Scarsdale, New York, in
illustration of the point here made.

The chimneys are very prominent, and are no
mean feature in the general beauty of the design.
To some styles of architecture they would be too

prominent, but in this particular instance the pro-
portions harmonize particularly well with the whole,
and the general effect is admirable. Particularly-
beautiful also is the effect produced by the spiral-
like outlines of the Norway spruces in the back-
ground. The correspondence with roof-work of
the house and the general style of the building, is
as near perfect as landscape garden art can make
it, and we doubt whether a better illustration of the
unity and harmony between garden art and archi-
tecture could well be produced.

We love to present seasonable hints in this
general way, as it is next to impossible to giv«
practical details suited to seasons in North Amer-
ica, over the whole of which our readers are
distributed. We might say, for instance, hyacinths,
or other hardy bulbous roots that may not yet have
been planted, may still be put in where the ground
continues open. The beds of all such bulbs should
be slightly protected with manure or litter, and be
carefully watched for mice and vermin, which are
likely to avail themselves of the shelter and feed on
the roots. This might do for Pennsylvania, but
would create a smile South where they would be in
bloom, or North where the Ice-king rules. Still there
are a few practical items which may be of service
in many places yet, which we will venture ta
suggest.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

Lawns that are impoverished by several seasons'
mowing, will be improved by a good top dressing.
This may be applied any time after the leaves are
gathere'd up, and before the snow falls. Phosphate,
wood-ashes, guano, or any prepared manure, is
best for this purpose. Barnyard manure is objec-
tionable, as generally containing many seeds of
weeds.

Manure for flower beds, borders, &c., may be
hauled convenient to where it is likely to be want-
ed in spring ; many spread it on at once ; but if

be wrapped around the stems as far as the litter
covers them.

Hedges that have not had their winter dressing
should be attended to. If the remarks we have
before made on hedges have been of service
through the summer there will be very httle now
to do. We have said that pruning in summer
weakens a plant, while pruning in winter strength-
ens it ; and so, as hedges naturally get spoiled by
growing vigorously at the top, and weakly at the
sides, they should be severely summer-pruned at

Greyrock: Homestead of D. J. Garth, Scarsdale, N. Y.

the soil is frozen very thick, it prevents the early
thawing of the soil in the spring, and so no time is
gained.

Very small plants in borders or on the lawn, or
larger plants that may have been set out the past
season, should be mulched with anything that will
prevent the ground thawing, and so, the plant
" drawing out." Most readers have done this in
the fall, but there is good to be done by it yet by
those who have neglected it till now. Keep a
sharp look-out for mice under the htter, however,
where it is wise from the value of the specimen to
lun no risk; brown paper, afterwards tarred, may

the apex, and winter-pruned near the base. Now
will be the time to see to the latter, taking care not
to make it too narrow. A good hedge should be
nearly four feet wide at the base, and be cut into a
point at the top.

In pruning roses, the fall blooming kinds, which
flower on the new growth, may be pruned as
severely as we wish ; in fact, the " harder" they
are cut-in the better. In this class are the Noi-
sette, Bourbon, Tea, China and Hybrid Perpetual
and Perpetual Moss. Without considerable ex-
perience, it is dif^cult for the amateur to distinguish
these classes. The best way to get over the dififi-

J.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

culty is to obtain the catalogues of the principal
rose-growers, in which each kind is usually classi-
fied. Amateurs should pay more attention to the
scientific — if we may so term it — study of the rose,
and its classification and general management.
No class of flowers is more easily understood, and
no one affords so rich a fund of perpetual interest.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FRUITING OF A CAMPHOR TREE AT NEW
ORLEANS.

* BY M. H. LESTER.

Camphora officinalis, the tree which produces
camphor, was referred by Linnaeus to the genus
"Laurus;" but it has subsequently been removed
into a new genus of " Lauracse," on account of
some botanical technicalities it does not seem nec-
essary to enter into here.

Camphor is obtained from the wood of the tree
by boiling the chopped branches in water, when
the camphor becomes deposited, and is afterwards
clarified. It is produced principally in the Island
of Formosa. What is known in commerce as
Borneo camphor, is the produce of a tree of a dif-
ferent family.

In the year 1882, a large quantity of seedlings
of Camphora officinalis, were distributed in the
Southern States, from the Botanic Gardens here,
by the superintendent, Mr. W. R. Smith; one
in particular to Mr. R. Maitre, nurseryman and
florist, New Orleans, La. Mr. Maitre planted it
out, and I saw the plant in the winter of 1884-5,
and a very fine specimen it was ; 7 to 8 feet
high, pyramidal in shape, furnished from the bot-
tom, and the glaucous green leaves very closely
set. In 1886 the plant bloomed. The bloom is
insignificant, being of a greenish white ; but its
greatest beauty had yet to come, when, towards
fall, the very numerous bluish black berries attain
their color.

The plant being located on Mr. Maitre's place
near St. Charles Avenue, where the cars pass
every three minutes, it did not long remain un-
noticed, and naturally excited a good deal of
curiosity and inquiry, until now I understand the
demand for plants far exceeds the supply.

It has been asserted that camphor acts as a pre-
ventative in infectious diseases, and no place could
this be put to the test so well as in the city of New
Orleans. The authorities ought to secure the
product for several years, and plant them in every
available place in and around that neglected but

delightful city. I am aware this statement has
been disputed, but I also happen to know that
camphor is used, suspended around the neck, as a
preventative in contagious diseases, with the sanc-
tion of the best medical authority extant. It is also
used to prevent the ravages of insects in clothes,
and the wood is occasionally imported to make
cabinets for entomologists.

Mr. Maitre informs me that from 10 inches high
in 1882, his plant now stands 18 feet high, and 20
inches in circumference at the base, and is the
most beautiful and graceful evergreen he knows
of. It has stood on his place uninjured, with the
thermometer down to 13°, when Gardenias, Olea
fragrans, Pittosporums, and even Magnolia grand-
iflora, showed the effects of the frost. I think with
others, that Mr. Maitre is entitled to great credit
for having acclimatized so beautiful and useful a
plant ; and it is just possible, after all the plants
that have been distributed, that this is the only one
at present established outdoors in the United
States. It ought to serve as a warning to people
who receive plants from the same source, or other-
wise, that they do not happen to know anything
about, not to throw them carelessly aside, but give
them at least a chance, and they may find out
some day they have somethmg beautiful or useful,
and perhaps valuable, for their trouble.

Washington, D. C.

HOW TO KEEP TENDER ROSES IN THE

OPEN GROUND.

BY THOMAS BENNETT.

At page 356, December number of the Garden-
ers' Monthly, Mr. John L. H. Frank says: "If
therefore, a method could be devised by which
tender roses could be safely kept through winter,
even at a considerable expense, provided they re-
quire no time nor attention, it would be very val-
uable."

Doubtless there are others, as well as Mr. Frank,
who are desirous of keeping over a nice bed of
tender roses through the winter.

If the following directions be attended to, I do
not know any tender rose that will not keep out of
doors during the winter : Bend the stems down
pretty close to the ground, without breaking, and
before they get any severe frost, with hooked pegs,
or keep them in place with sods dug from an old
pasture ; then cover with any light, loamy soil, and
just before hard freezing commences, cover over
with leaves sufficient to keep out frost from the
earth; yet not enough to cause any fermentation

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

or heat. Of course the leaves must be kept in
place by sticks, boards, etc., thrown over,

Mr. Frank seems to make the mistake of many
others who think leaves alone a sufficient cover-
ing ; but these in general keep the stems too wet,
and cause a rot ; and seldom will earth alone
preserve them, because the frost will go through,
most likely, and they are too tender to stand it
after the pith is killed. But both combined, I
have found to preserve them very nicely.

Trenton, N. J.

THE CINERARIA— ITS CULTURE AND

MANAGEMENT.

BY STEWART RITCHIE.

The Cineraria may be classed among the most
useful flowering plants we possess, and can be
raised in any quantities desired from seed. If
wanted to bloom about the holidays, the seed
should be sown about the first week in July. The
seed should be sown in a shallow box or seed-pan,
properly drained and filled with a compost of the
following soils : Three parts good loam and two \
parts leaf mold, the latter of which these plants are j
more than ordinarily fond ; mix with one-sixth ;
sand, fill the pan to within an inch of the rim,
pressing it moderately firm. Water the pan through
a fine rose so as to settle the whole, and sow the
seed, not too thickly, or your plants will be crowd-
ed and drawn, and liable to get the roots injured in
potting off. Cover the seed thinly— say an eighth
of an inch — and press firm, place the pan in a
frame kept close and moist to insure germination.
When the seedlings have shown themselves, keep
them well up to the glass and shade from the direct
rays of the sun. When large enough to handle^
prick out into a regular greenhouse box, such as is
generally used for bedding stuff, making the soil a
little coarser with less sand. When they have
grown to touch each other, they should be shifted
into 4-inch pots, using the same compost as was
recommended before, through each succeeding
shift ; there is nothing more suitable. They should
be kept in the frame till such time as frost puts in
an appearance, when they should be removed to
the greenhouse without further delay. If the
frames that they are kept in in the summer and
fall months are on the shady side of a wall, so
much the better, providing they do not get too
much shaded ; and if the frames are so situated that
they get the direct rays of the sun in the middle of
the day, they must be slightly shaded. Give
plenty of air from the first appearance above ground,

and never suffer them to get dry or pot-bound,
for if once they get stunted they never make such
firm, healthy plants again. Six-inch pots are large
enough for most purposes, but I have grown them
large enough to fill lo-inch pots, and nice speci-
mens they were. If the plants are a clean, healthy
stock, and attended to as they should, with a liberal
supply of manure-water every week, they can be
grown into very fine specimens.

The Cineraria is more than ordinarily subjected
to the attacks of the green-fly, and if I may be
allowed to coin the expression, it seems to be a
chronic disease with them. To keep it from ever
getting established upon them to any considerable
extent, the following remedies have been found
good : Fumigation with tobacco stems, which must
be done hghtly and often ; a better way is to have
a good sized pail of tobacco-water and dip them
when they are found to be badly affected. I have
found by experience that tobacco dust is a good
preventative when put on in the following manner :
Wet the plants enough to moisten all the fohage,
then dust the plants all over, when it adheres finely.
Be sure and get a good supply on the under side
of the leaves and in the heart of the plant. This is
better than half a dozen fumigations, and it seems
to fertilize them at the same time. If treated as I
have recommended. Cinerarias can be grown to
great perfection, and the motto in the case should
be, " If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing
well." Waterville, N. Y.

GROWING AND EXHIBITING AURICULAS

IN MY YOUTHFUL DAYS.

BY WM. T. HARDING.

As recollections of floriculture of other days,
fitfully gleam upon memory, and carry us back
to the happy spring-time of hfe, it makes us feel
young again. Blessed are they who can joyfully
recall and hve them over again. Those who re-
member best, seem to have Uved longest. While
reviewing these old times, the writer fancies him-
self, as he once was, the hopeful lad, plodding
along between two covered baskets containing
twelve Auricula plants, in deep five-inch pots on
his way to a county flower show. With him were
two other boys carrying baskets of plants, one
consisting of an equal number of pretty Polyan-
thus, which at that time, with Auriculas, were
much in vogue with the many.

Though early in the morning, the cheerful lark
was up before us, singing loud and high above
the wheat-fields and blooming meadows ; the

AND HORTICULTURIST.

black-bird, thrush, finch and linnet.caroled sweet-
ly in the trees and hedgerows ; and, while passing
the fragrant orchards and gardens, the renowned
little red-breasted soloist, "the gardener robin,"
seemed to warble his best to the flower folk who
were passing by. The way before us — a distance
of twelve miles — lay through romantic looking
villages, and picturesque hamlets, leading into
green lanes overhung with sturdy oak, elm, and
ash trees, spreading above. And the sweet haw-
thorn hedges, festooned with odorous honey-
suckles, made scenes of beauty and feasts of
pleasure, which only those who have enjoyed
them can folly appreciate.

With the three was Jim FuUblossom— as I will
call him — the owner and grower, who carried a
share of these Auriculas we were taking to the
florists' Mecca — the Annual Flower Show. As
we continued to trudge onward, we were joined
by several other exhibitors, who " on pleasure
were bent," as well as on business intent, at the
same destination. Now, many of these were
amateurs, the most of whom were working-men,
whose few feet of glass-covered frames, well filled
with Auriculas or Polyanthus, were the glory of
their little gardens. To say they greatly admired,
or even loved them, hardly expresses the intense
delight with which these enthusiastic cultivators
watched over, and devotedly cared for their pretty
favorites.

And let me here inquire if the modern florist,
gardener, or amateur cultivator of flowers, ever saw
a choice collection of Auriculas or Polyanthus in
bloom ? If not, there is something new under the
sun for him yet to see, the like of which is far
more beautiful than any thing " dreamt of in your
philosophy," as Shakespeare might say to him.

Let the kind readers, in imagination, accompa-
ny the writer "on a bright May morning long
ago," through a pleasant part of rural England, |
until they come in sight of a May-pole, decked
with garlands of hawthorn and long streamers of
red and blue ribbons. They may further fancy
they hear the music of a brass and reed band,
playing the then popular air of " She wore a
wreath of Roses," beneath the boughs of a wide
spreading elm, at the front of that ancient hostel-
ry, the " Red Dragon Inn." They may guess at
what was taking place on that particularly inter-
esting occasion. There was a smiling good-na-
tured throng, already gathered around the door,
facing the stairway which led to the spacious oak-
paneled room above, where the exhibition was
to be held.

Before proceeding further, let the reader open
at chapter 2, " A Book about Roses," by S. Rey-
nolds Hole, who, in his own inimitable way,
describes a similar scene at a Rose Exhibition, in
Nottingham. The graphic description this re-
nowned Rosarian gives of what the noble and in-
dustrious working-men can do, under adverse
circumstances, in perfectmg the beauty of the
Queen of Flowers, much resembles what their pre-
decessors did with pretty Polyanthuses, and Auri-
culas, when they were then in fashion. And a sim-
ilar case in the January Monthly of 1885 is thus
perspicuously presented by Mr. James Morley, in
his " Recollections of By-Gone Scenes :" '• Every
man is a florist, no matter whether he works in a
coal-pit or at the stocking-frame." And the same
language is singularly applicable to the toiling
men of tastes of other days, whose zeal for flori-
culture, was earnest indeed.

On entering the tastefully decorated room, the
walls and ceiling of which were beautifully draped
with a profusion of wild flowers and evergreens,
mingled with blooming branches of red and white
hawthorns, lilacs, mock-orange, laburnums, etc. ;
we were kindly greeted by the managing committee,
who cordially assured us they were very glad to
see us. Placing my heavy baskets on a bench to
rest, and look around the beautiful bower for a
moment or two, I noticed several exhibitors had
already emptied their baskets of their precious
contents ; and on beds of green moss had ar-
ranged them for inspection. As soon as the al-
lotted space was assigned for our plants, they were
duly placed there, and seemed to occasion some
little excitement among the admiring beholders.
Well they might, for I honestly believe better ex-
amples of excellent cultivation had seldom, if ever,
been previously placed on exhibition. In a group
of three dozen distinct varieties of Auricula, were
splendid specimens of such celebrities, then in the
height of their floral fame, as the exceedingly
handsome Colonel Taylor, beautiful Queen of the
Alps, successful Ringleader, gallant Prince Bluch-
er, bland Miller of Mansfield, brave Admiral
Gardner, good-looking Fred Lud, universal Con-
queror, very Bonnie Mary, glorious Aurora, beau-
tiful Mrs. Clark, noted Maid of Orleans, charming
Lancashire Lass, lovely Queen of May, and
famous Waterloo. The twelve Polyanthus plants
also, were all bright gems of their kind, and well
merited the premiums afterwards awarded them.

After arranging the plants to his complete satis-
faction, and beckoning the three lads to follow him
down stairs, to share his bread and cheese, and

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

while seated at the table, I well remember how the
happy-looking face of Mr. FuUblossom was suf-
fused with smiles, as he joyously whispered to us
— •• we shall beat them again," And just as he
predicted, so it came to pass.

Immediately after the judges had awarded the
premiums, the vicar of the parish dehvered an ex-
cellent oration, in which he most eloquently dwelt
upon the sublimity and harmony of nature ; and
of the love for, and cultivation of flowers, in par-
ticular. He pleasantly dilated on the subject in
the ornate language he was so perfect a master of.
If the writer's feelmgs were any criterion to judge
others by, we, all of us, must have felt persuaded
we were the happiest people in the universe. But
while this was going on, the smell of roast beef
and other savory odors, admonished us that some-
thing good for the inner man, and boy, was get-
ting ready for us below ; and to which, soon after,
ample justice was done. How superlatively happy
seemed all who sat down to that feast, and then
amicably discussed the merits of the exhibition,
until half past two o'clock, when the price of ad-
mission was lowered from two shillings to one.
Then the commotion grew greater in the show-
room over our heads, where all the festive villagers
seemed with one accord desirous to gather.

Presently it was announced that " with the re-
ceipts at the door, and from funds on hand, the
successful exhibitors would then be paid ; and if
any had not obtained a premium, their entrance
fees would be returned, with a sufficient gratuity to
defray expenses, so that no one should sustain any
pecuniary loss thereby." This was a sensible
proviso, and an excellent rule in those days. As
was his accustomed way upon similar occasions,
the generous Mr. FuUblossom cheerfully disbursed
his prize money among those more in need of it
than he was. The honor, and of which no man
felt prouder, was sufficient compensation for him.

But, as the best of friends have to part, six o'clock
brought about the separation, with the closing
of the show. To retrace the twelve miles home-
wards in the night, proved more of a task than did
the morning's journey. I for one, was glad to
reach the end, and get from under the strap fast-
ened to each basket handle, which began to gall
my shoulders.

While penning this, I am wondering if there are
any young boys now, who would willingly carry
carefully and safely such a load twenty-four miles
over a somewhat hilly country ? Although times
have greatly changed since then, I nevertheless
hope there are lots of them still. But, possibly,

the description of this pleasant and interesting
event which took place long ago, may have kin-
dled a desire in the bosom of some good soul to
know how to grow such elegant flowers, so long
lost sight of; and so, for his especial pleasure, I
will here begin.

It appears that Primula auricula, under the
odd name of Bear's Ears or Mountain Prim-
rose, was under cultivation in England by that
ancient and good gardener, the quaintly-spoken
and ingenious Gerarde, in 1597. Presuming
a fair stock of choice varieties are on hand to
commence with, and new sorts from seed are de-
sired, which are generally very interesKting to the
raiser, it will be necessary to fecundate the stig-
mas with pollen from some other distinct variety,
and isolate them. Quite comely, if not really
handsome kinds, will be found among the seed-
lings. At any rate, pretty novelties may be looked
for. The usual practice, with old and successful
cultivators, was, to sow the seed early in spring, in
shallow pans, placed on a moderately warm hot-
bed ; and as soon as the tiny seedlings appeared,
a little air, sufficient to prevent them from damp-
ing off, was admitted. When large enough to
prick out into small single pots— or a number of
them in pans — they were, after potting a few days,
put where they could get a little more air, until
finally they were inured to a free circulation.

N. B. — These chary little beauties seem to have
a natural dislike to the scorching rays of the sum-
mer's sun. And were they possessed with the
power of locomotion, they would voluntarily creep
under the clustering leaves of some friendly
bending bough for protection and shade.

Were I to write out a list of the many obnoxious
nostrums, which contained a little of everything
nasty, which if possible, were more abominable
than entered the witches' caldron in Macbeth,
some old growers recommended as proper ingre-
dients to grow them in, the intelligent reader
would smile at the credulity of the old fogies.
Now, be it known among men, that Mr. FuU-
blossom was a famous man among flower pots in
his day, and the compost he used— and which I
have helped him prepare for Auriculas— was thus
composed: Say, to one bushel of mellow hazel
loam, well-pulverized, and one of good friable
peat, to which add half a bushel of decayed leaf
mould made from oak or beech leaves ; and the
same quantity of well-decomposed horse or cow
dung, the latter kind preferred, and of not less
than two years old ; and with two quarts of freshly
' slacked lime, and half a bushel of river sand, well

i888."l

AND HORTICULTURIST.

worked up together several times, for a month or
two before using, was the kind of stuff they flour-
ished in. Well-drained clean pots, 5 or 6 inches
wide at the top, and 7 inches deep, were the sizes
generally used for flowering plants. To repot
them biennially, about the first week in August
was considered the proper time, when the main
root and longest fibers, should they require it,
were shortened. As they seem to have an inherent
tendency to suffer from decaying roots, they must
be occasionally turned out of the pots, and with a
sharp knife cut away every particle of diseased
roots or fibers, and thoroughly cauterize, or dry
up with quick-lime the amputated parts, before re-
placing in clean pots and fresh soil again.

About the middle of February, it was customary
to remove a little of the surface soil, and top-dress
them with a portion of sheep droppings or old
rotten cow dung, in which a little soot and sand
was mixed. Not only does this treatment encour-
age growth in the old plants, but induces at the
same time offsets to sprout, which are when rooted,
to be carefully detached, potted and grown for
future blooming plants. And when all danger
from cold and frosty weather is past, they may be
removed from the coolest and most shady part of
the greenhouse after flowering, to some sheltered
and shady place out of doors, A bed of coal
ashes, over which a hot-bed frame standing upon
four bricks, one at each corner, so as to admit
abundance of iresh air at all times, will make a
good worm-proof floor to set the pots upon. Dur-
ing heavy and continuous rain, they must be thor-
oughly sheltered under the sashes, which should
be kept in readiness to place over them — tilted at
the back, so that fresh air with all possible free-
dom would circulate among them. A shady situ-
ation under a north wall, and not under the drip-
ping boughs of trees, which would rot their crowns,
must be had for them ; or some other contrivance
made, where the direct rays of the hot sun can be
obscured and the rain kept off.

By following these simple instructions, with
proper attention to watering, and keeping free
from weeds and decaying leaves, the cultivator's
heart will be made glad with the prospective
beauty which awaits him, in the blooming spring-
time coming.

As the Primula Auricula is a native of the moun-
tainous parts of Europe, it is not considered a
tender plant, though a somewhat peculiar one to
grow ; yet, is by no means difficult to manage,
when the method is properly understood.

In concluding the wandering recollections of my

youthful days, I much regret my inability to more
plainly describe the few simple facts I have indif-
ferently drawn from an imperfect memory ; and
with a brief account of the two boys, and a man, I
previously introduced to the reader — will sum up
the narrative. One of them fills a stranger's grave,
where " the palm tree waves, and the bul-bul
sings," in the spicy groves of Ceylon. The other
I singularly met with years after, collecting plants
for a London nursery firm, on Melville Island, in
far off Australia ; from whence he subsequently
returned to England. In an evil hour, he ex-
changed his peaceful pruning hook for a cavalry
sword, which he bravely bore in "The Charge of
the Light Brigade," where he fell "in the field of
his fame fresh and gory," one of the " Noble Six
Hundred."

The kind-hearted, complaisant, dear old Felix
Fullblossom, whose bespectacled, good-natured
face, methinks I see again, calmly slumbers in the
little churchyard of Wragby, England ; while I,
who am spared to pen these lines, remain the last
one left. Mount Holly N. J., Nov. 7, 1887.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Two Good Weeping Trees — The Horticul-
tural Art Journal for November has colored
plates of Teas' Weeping Mulberry and Thompson's
Weeping Dogwood, introduced by Thomas Mee-
han & Son. They are both very distinct and de-
sirable acquisitions to ornamental gardening.

Abies Fortuni. — M. Carriere regarded this
singular Fir as belonging to a distinct genus, and
named it years ago in honor of John Baptist Kete-
leer, of Brussels, under the name of Keteleeria For-
tunei. M. Carriere has given in Revue HorticoU
a sketch of a tree now bearing cones in the garden
of Messrs. Rovelli, of Palanza, Italy, where it
thrives well. According to this illustration, it
must be a beautiful tree where it succeeds. The
cones are about the size of Abies Douglassii, which
in a general view they much resemble.

The Japan Yew. — The soft green of this mem-
ber of the Yew family is very attractive. It is
very hardy, and ought to be more generally grown.
There are two kinds in cultivation — Cephalotaxus
Fortunei and C. drupacea. They are sexual vari-
ations of one species. The drupacea makes the
prettiest bush.

The Dwarf Catalpa.— The dwarf vaiiety of
our common Catalpa, Catalpa bignonoides, seems

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

to be known as Catalpa Bungei in European cata-
logues. It makes a very pretty tree, when trained
six or eight feet high on a single stem, and then
permitted to form a head. As usually seen, it is
suffered to grow as a bush.

SciLLAs AND Leucojums. — A Colored plate in
Gartenflora, suggests that these beautiful bulbs
deserve more attention than they receive. Leuco-
jum aestivum, the Summer Snowdrop, is well-
known and appreciated. In this picture, quite as
beautiful is L. Autumnale, which has red stems
and pedicels supporting the white flowers. Scilla
lingulata is blue ; S. lingulata lilacina, lilac ; and
S. lingulata alba, white. Varying as S. lingulata
appears to do, we may in time have as many
varieties as among Hyacinths and Tulips.

A Park for Trenton, New Jersey.— Cham-
bersburg, the borough which adjoins Trenton,
voted at the late election in favor of a public park,
but the project threatens to fall through, because
only seven of the eleven borough councilmen favor
it. A two-thirds vote of Council is required to
purchase the site.

London Purple in the Destruction of In-
sects.— Referring in the Country Gentleman to
Elm-leaf beetle, and the directions apply to all
leaf-eating insects, Dr. Leitner recommends spray-
ing with London Purple and says :

"The London Purple mixture recommended, as
the result of careful experiment with it, by the En-
tomological Division at Washington, is one-half
pound of the purple, three quaris of flour, to a
barrel of water (40 gallons). The flour and pur-
ple are to be thoroughly mixed while dry, and may
then be washed through a large funnel having a
cross-septum of fine wire gauze, set in the bung of
thebarrel, by gradually pouring water into it. The
liquid should be applied by means of a force-pump
having a proper nozzle, so that it may be distribu-
ted in a fine mist, uniformly over the foliage, but
BOt in sufficient quantity to drench it."

This is a very bright-flowered species, a native,
we believe, of Northern Asia, and named by Regel,
of St. Petersburg, Statice superba, and which has

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Statice superba. — The genus Statice is a very
curious one, having some relationship to the Plum-
bago of our gardens, which gives the name to the
■whole natural order, Plumbaginacea. The sea-
thrift or sea-lavender is also pretty well known,
and will give a fair idea of some of the generic
peculiarities. They mostly thrive well in Ameri-
can gardens ; even those that grow in sandy, marshy
places by the seashore, succeeding very well in
ordinary garden soil.

Statice superba.

been introduced by Haage & Schmidt. It will, no
doubt, do as well in our gardens as those already
referred to.

The above firm gives us the following account
of it:

"The St. Suworowi which we introduced in 1884
has gained many friends, and we are justified in
regarding this new species as one of the most re-
markable of this interesting genus. As the annexed
illustration shows, it differs conspicuously from the
candelaber-shaped St. Suworowi by forming feath-
ered or plumed flower spikes similar to the feath-
ered Cockscombs. It grows to a height of from
18 to 24 inches, each plant producing a large
number of beautiful spikes or plumes, and each of
these spikes is composed of from 60 to 80 smaller
plumes, of which the lower ones are about 3 to 4
inches long, while the upper ones hardly attain a
length of a half an inch. The main flower stem
rises 6 to 8 inches above the plume. When the
plants begin to bloom, they resemble closely a
handsome flowering Heath (Erica). The individ-
ual flowers are somewhat smaller than those of St.
Suworowi, and vary in all shades of colors from
pure white to deep rose ; the foliage is deeply cut
like that of St. spicata."

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Greenhouse and House Gardening.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

One of the prettiest features of modern house-
hold life is the attention paid to ornamentation.
Not only in pictures and works of art, l)ut in floral
decorations, both fresh and dried, has there been
a marked increase in taste. No home is now
regarded as cheery without some trimming with
fresh flowers, colored leaves or dried grasses.
The Pampas grass is now raised by the acre
in some places to furnish "plumes," and the

Briza rotundata.

Eulalia and Erianthus are grown in large quan-
tities to furnish supplies for the florist. Where
people have little money to spare to buy the better
classes of articles, the fields and^ woods serve as
collecting grounds ; and most gardens, however
small, have some one or more kinds of ornamental
grass, to give pleasure as it grows, and to furnish
material for home adornment. The seedsmen find
it well to cater to this taste, and it is extremely
interesting to compare their lists now with those of
a decade or two ago. No or few grasses appear
then, while now " ornamental grasses " make a

large and full list by themselves. Every new
addition is eagerly seized on, and if particularly
good, get illustrated, as the old classes of flowering
plants so well deserved. In the list of Haage &
Schmidt, just issued, we find a pretty novelty in
the class of "quaking grasses," grasses with spike-
lets so heavy, and pedicels so silk-like, that they
tremble and quake under the slightest breeze.
Its Latin name, Bri^a, is a rendering of the Greek,
which signifies "to nod" as when in sleep, the
heads usually nodding or bending on their slender
stalks. In this new species — or rather newly in-
trod^iced to cultivators, for it has been long known
to botanists as a native of Mexico— the little spike-
lets are more sturdy than common, but the weight
curves the whole panicle over in a very graceful
manner. It will do well in our gardens. In regard
to its success in Germany, the above cited firm
says : " Exceedingly graceful annual species, dif-
fering from all existing sorts of Briza by its erect
flower spikes and being therefore a splendid acqui-
sition to the collection of ornamental grasses used
in the arrangement of winter bouquets. When
fully developed it attains a height of about 2 feet,
the individual flower spikes are 3^^ to 4)4 inches
in length and are borne on long and firm stalks ;
the size of a single spikelet is about the same as
that of B. media or B. geniculata. Very attractive
and extremely useful either in a dried or green
state."

The temperature of the greenhouse at this season
should be maintained at about 50°, allowing it to
rise 10° or 15° under the full sun, and sinking 10°
or so in the night. Though many of our practical
brethren differ from us, men for some of whose
opinions we entertain the highest respect, we do
not recommend a very great difference between
night and day temperature ; we think 10° ample
allowance. It is following nature no doubt ; but
we would rather strive to beat nature. She can-
not make the specimens we do, nor flower them

1 so beautifully or profusely, and in many other
respects we think the practical gardener can much
improve on her red-tape notions and old-fashioned
co:urses.

In the arrangements of plants in the greenhouse,
continual change is commendable. Every few

1 weeks the plants may be re-set, and the houses

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

made to appear quite different. In the end where
the lowest plants once were set, now the taller
ones may be placed ; here a convex group, and
there presenting a concave appearance. Droop-
ing plants on elevated shelves, and hanging
baskets from the roof, make httle paradises of
variety in what were once unbearable monotony.
Gardeners often wish to know the secret of main-
taining a continued interest, on the part of their
employers, in their handiwork, and this is one of
the most potent — continued change and variety in
the appearance of everything. Beautiful flowers,
graceful forms, elegant combinations, all develop-
ing themselves with a healthy luxuriousness and
ever-changing endlessness, will wake up an in-
terest in the most indifferent breast.

COMMUNICATIONS.

GARDENING NOTES FROM WEST PHILA-
DELPHIA.

BY JOHN WOODING.

"Sheffield, England, for cutlery," Darby Road,
West Philadelphia, say I, for flowers. Happening
to be in the latter neighborhood recently, I called
on Mr. Wm. Colflesh, 57th and Darby Road. This
gentleman has six or seven large greenhouses,
some of which are 215 feet long and about 20
feet wide — all well stocked with every kind of
plant that is worth growing for flowers. Two or
three of the largest houses are devoted to roses, of
all the leading varieties, growing on raised tables,
in about six inches of soil. This method of grow-
ing roses seems to be adopted by all leading florists
to-day. They get all the buds out of them they
can the first season, throw them away, and propa-
gate fresh every year. There are also thousands
of carnations grown at this place, some of which
are novelties in this class of plants. Two of these
took my especial attention for size of flowers,
notably Buttercup and Sunrise. The former is of
a rich golden yellow, streaked with carmine ; vig-
orous habit, and very floriferous. The flowers
are large, full, and very double, some three inches
in diameter. The latter is also a vigorous grower,
color, light buff flaked with red,— flowers large
and very fragrant, does not burst, and is good for
pot culture.

Thousands of the old favorite chrysanthemums
were to be seen here in all shapes, forms and sizes,
and of as many colors as Joseph's coat. Chrysan-
themums have come to stay, as everybody wants
them. They were seen to perfection at the Phila-

delphia show in November. After leaving this
place, on my way home, I came by Messrs. Craig
Bros.' large establishment, 49th and Market. This
is an immense place, probably about twenty or
thirty greenhouses. The first thing noticed was a
placard, " No visitors allowed on Sunday," a very
good rule. I was shown through one greenhouse,
recently built. It is about 220 feet long, all filled
with roses, mostly Pearls, which looked remarka-
bly vigorous and healthy. This house is heated
by steam. Not having had any experience in
steam heating, I cannot offer an opinion, but the
advantages seem to favor it. I think hot water
is the best for private places ; in fact, I do not know
of any private gentleman introducing steam in this
part of the world. I know of several greenhouses
being built in this neighborhood of late, by private
parties, and they are all heated with hot water.
Mr. Percival Roberts is now building a large one
at his country place in Montgomery County. It
IS about 80 feet long, and to be used for a general
colleciion of plants.

I may mention here that most of the new green-
houses in this section are being heated with Myers
& Co's New Improved Patent Return Flue Boilers,
which give great satisfaction. I have been using
one of them for the last three years, and can high-
ly recommend it for doing all it was intended to
do. I have before me a hundred references from
different parties, speaking a^ to the good qualities
of this firm's boilers.

Pencoyd, Montgomery Co., Pa.

NOTE ON AZALEA FORCING.

BY LOUIS EECKHAUTE.

Azalea generally flowers in April, or even in
May, nevertheless by forcing, and through good
selection of sorts, one can get them much earlier,
and even in the commencement of December
several varieties may be had in bloom. The
plants to be used for this purpose must be potted
as soon as the young roots are showing along the
inside of the pot, and this may be proceeded with
as early as possible, even in the month of October
if the plants are i^ady. But we must not give too
much warmth at the start, because some of the
buds would only swell out, whilst the other ones
would remain behind. By going on steadily their
buds swell more regularly, and in a month's time
at the longest, they are all together in an uniform
state of advancement. At this time one need not
be afraid to give increased warmth, if the house
is only kept moist enough — very moist I mean.

i888.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

You may give any heat you desire ; but of course
the plants must be often watered then, and con-
tinual watering kills the roots of the plant. No
doubt then the most practical way is to make as
damp an atmosphere as you can, and to water
only if the plant gets dry for all humidity is need-
ed also to swell the buds, and to help them ex-
pand. Light is no less necessary. Cover the
house only at night, and early in the morning take
the shelter off. Do not give heat at night only,
but fire up all day, and if the sun comes out,
syringe and keep damp continually. Syringe
them also every evening to keep them damp all
the night. If young shoots come around the
buds, pinch them out, else they grow on to the
detriment of the bud and retard the opening.
Shake off from time to time the dead leaves that
appear on the plants, and when the most vigorous
branches flower before the others, cut them off.
It is really better for the plant as well as turns
the flower in more rapidly.

The best varieties for forcing are the following :
Amongst the Whites, Deutche Perle, Feelder's
White, Narcissisflora, Raphael, Bernard andrea
alba, Mile. Planetron A. Borsig. Amongst the
spotted ones, Punctulata, Mme. Camille, Van
Langenhove, Sigismond Riicker, Eliza Liebert,
Ceres, Mme. de Greve, Versicolor, Etendard de
Flandre, Koningin, Cleopatra. Amongst the red
ones, Mme. Vanderbruyssen, Martha, Roi de Hol-
lande, Bignoni flora plena, Victoria Kronprinses
von Preusen, Mme. Paul, Deschryver, Raphael
confarna, Stella, Princesse Louise.

I dare say numerous other sorts in any color are
equally suitable for forcing ; only the very late
ones, such as Due de Nassau, Souvenir du Prince
Albert, Eclatant, Charles Juke, Marie, Louise,
Irma and a few more make an exception.

5/. Denis, Westrem near Ghent, Belgium.

ring. It will then fall to pieces and may be kept
in a vessel for years without losing its insecticide
value. If this powder be used pretty freely over
the floor of the poultry house, and shaken through
their nests, no vermin of any kind will annoy them.
It should be used pretty freely in summer, when
insects breed so fast, especially around growing
crops, which are subject to their depredations, but
must not come in contact with the leaves of any
plant. It will drive away the squash-bug (Coreus
tristes), and every other species of the natural or-
der, Hymenoptera, with which we are acquainted,
in double quick time.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. J.

COAL TAR AS AN INSECTICIDE.

BY THOS. BENNETT.

Many and various are the uses to which coal tar
may be applied in the destruction of insect pests.
Certainly much damage has been done by an in-
discriminate use of the article, but if used properly
and with judgment, it will be found of very great
value. Many valuable powders may be made
from it by combining it with other substances. The
simplest and easiest powder made of it is to run a
quantity into a pile of fine sand — sea, pit or drift,
it does not matter which. In a very short time the
sand will absorb all it will take without much stir-

JUSTICIA COCCINNEA.

BY CHARLES E. PARNELL.

The scarlet flowering Justicia, J. coccinnea,
is a very beautiful warm greenhouse plant, be-
longing to the Natural Order Acanthaceae. It is
a shrubby, soft-wooded plant, of vigorous rapid
growth, attaining a height of from three to six
feet, having smooth dark green elliptical leaves,
and produces its bright scarlet flowers in terminal
spikes in great profusion from December until
March, and if planted out in the open air early in
May in a well enriched deep border, will flower
at intervals during the summer season.

A well grown and nicely flowered specimen
when in full bloom will make a splendid show,
the richness of its bright scarlet flowers forming a
striking contrast with its dark green leaves, and
as it is a plant easily grown it is worthy of a place
in all collections, however small.

Like all plants of vigorous growth, it requires,
and must have good drainage, an abundance of
room for its roots, and when growing rapidly a
situation near the glass in order to prevent the
plants from growing spindling. It should be
g.rown in an average winter temperature of 55°,
and a light sunny situation. It does best in a
compost of two-thirds well rotted sods, and one-
third well decomposed stable manure, well mixed,
and an occasional application of liquid manure
water during its season of growth will prove to be
of great benefit to the plant.

Projjagation is effected by cuttings of the half
ripened wood, and if the young plants are potted
off as soon as rooted and liberally cared for by
being shifted as often as necessary, nice specimens
will soon be obtained. During the summer sea-
son the plants should be planted out in a well en-
riched deep border and taken up and potted early

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

in September, care being taken to see that they
are well supplied with water during our hot dry
summer weather. As a plant for the window gar-
den, I would not advise any one to cultivate it, as
I have never known it to do well when so grown,
but as an amateur's plant for the decoration of the
warm greenhouse during the winter season it is
invaluable.

This Justicia is a native of South America from
whence it was introduced as early as 1770, and
the generic name was given in honor of J. Justice,
an eminent Scotch botanist who published works
on gardening in 1763, and the specific name was
given in allusion to the color of its splendid inflor-
escence. Queens, N. V.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Common Names to Plants. — There are few
people, even among those who are very scientific,
who do not love common names to flowers. Pansy,
buttercup, daisy, carnation, rose, — who would want
to know them by botanical names only ? But com-
mon names can only spring from the heart of the
people, and the common names must become
really common before they are of any service at
all. This has always been the ground taken by
the Gardeners' Monthly, and it has looked on
the attempts of some of its contemporaries to force
a lot of queer names on the community in place of
the botanical ones, as a positive injury, tending
only to utter confusion. We take up some papers
now, in which these common names have been
forced, before their time, and find them still so un-
common that we have not the slightest idea what
is being written about,— nor do nine-tenths of the
readers. They are of no more benefit to the com-
mon people than the botanical names. A recent
writer in the Gardeners' Chronicle, reviewing the
past history ot the Botanical Magazine, so well puts
the case, and so well supports the position we have
taken, that we are tempted to introduce it here :

" In spite of all inducements to tarry, I must pass
on to the next volume, where there is a new de-
parture in the matter of names, and the Linnean
classes and orders are no longer given. From pi.
I to pi. 5877 the Latin names were translated into
English, or an English name was coined ; thus,
Solanum venustum is called the "graceful Sola-
num ; " Erythrochiton hypophyllanthus, " Linden's
Erythrochiton ; " Arenaria purpurascens, " Purple
Alpine Sandwort ; " and Dracaena cylmdrica, "Cyl-
indric spiked Dracaena." Asit is doubtful whether
any one of these 5877 English names has been
generally adopted (or, at least, one of those coined
in the Magazine, for a few of the plants figured

possess genuine English names), it was certainly
not worth while encumbering the text with them.
Where they are translations or explanations of the
meanings of the Latin and Greek names, they
serve a useful purpose; but from the examples
cited it will be seen that they are often quite arbi-
trary, and therefore misleading to persons not
understanding the botanical names."

Date Palm. — The date palm is usually dioecious,
that is, having the male and female flowers on sepa-
rate plants, and hence single specimens seldom
bear fruit in our gardens. But by the following
from the Gardeners' Chronicle, it appears the tree
can sometimes change its sexual characteristics :
" We learn from Prof. Henriques, of Coimbra,
that in the garden of that University a date palm,
which previously has annually produced male
flowers only, has this year developed a female
inflorescence also, the fruits upon which are now
ripening. There is, of course, nothing unusual
in the fact of a normally dioecious plant becoming
monoecious, or even hermaphrodite (structurally),
but this case of the date palm is the more interest-
ing as the existence of two sexes in plants was
originally ascertained by the observation of the
; fact that the Arabs impregnated the female flowers
' of the date palm by taking a branch with the
male flowers and shaking the pollen upon the
stigmas."

Some quarter of a century ago, when Messrs.
I Longworth, Prince, of Long Island, Dr. Warder,
I of Cincinnati, and others, were engaging the horti-
j cultural magazines in controversy on the immuta-
bihty of sex in strawberry blossoms, such a state-
ment would have been regarded as incredible.

1 Rose, American Beauty. — Mr. Jean Sisley
says that two eminent rose growers near him, have
grown this and Madame Ferdinand Jamain, and
can find no difference. They are sure of their

I identity.

Camellias. — The time of blooming in Camellias
is best regulated during the growing season when,
by prolonging the warm treatment that the plants
i receive whilst making their growth and setting
their flowers, the buds will keep on increasing in
size, so that there is not much difficulty in getting
them to open in the winter months, or even much
earlier, if required, as by a continuance of the
close, warm treatment after the setting process is
completed, the plants may be made to reverse
their natural season of flowering. By this means,
and varying the treatment with portions of their
stock, some of the market growers have an un-
broken succession of Camellia flowers for ten
months, the first coming in towards the end of
July, whilst the last are not over before the latter
part of May in the succeeding year. But after the

1888.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

13

plants have been kept cool subsequent to the set-
ting of the buds, they are very impatient of heat;
any attempt to force them into bloom generally
ends in the buds dropping. Yet when the flowers
are wanted earlier than they would come in a
greenhouse temperature, a httle heat, say 45° in
the night, may now be given the plants without
danger of the buds dropping, provided the atmos-
phere of the house is not allowed to get too dry.
This must never occur, even when it becomes
necessary to use heat to keep out frost. The kinds
chosen for having their flowering thus slightly ac-
celerated should be varieties that have a natural
disposition to bloom early, such as the old double
striped alba-plena variegata, and others that have
a hke tendency. — T. B., in Gardening Illustrated.

Rose, Souvenir for Wootton. — We have spec-
imens of flowers from Mr, John Cook, of Baltimore,
which we regard as one of the most promising new
varieties of the day, and which it is proposed to
name as above. As seen by a casual observer in
a glass of water on the table, he would think they
they were Bon Silenes, Papa Gontier, Bennett, or
something of that grand red class. Of course, the
critical rose fancier would know at once he had
something different to deal with. As far as we can
judge from these flowers, Mr. Cook may feel very
proud of his success. It was raised from seed of
Bon Silene crossed with Louis Van Houtte. The
odor is delightful, — sweeter even than that of La
France, and seems a free grower that will be
pleased with any ordinary treatment. Unlike some
of the other good florists' roses, it seems to us it
would make as good an out-door rose as one for
winter forcing.

Violet, Madame Millet. — Mr. John Cook
sends some fine flowers of this new pink violet, to
show how very distinct and good it is in compari-
son with the ordinary blue Neapolitan, — a propo-
sition we can fully endorse.

A Fine Camellia House. — Mr. Gill, florist,
of Oakland, near San Francisco, has a fine collec-
tion of Camellias. The house in which they are
grown is already 16 feet high, but he has raised
the roof in order to give them more room to grow.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES,

Black Aphis on Chrysanthemums, — "Mrs. J.
D. C," Upper Sandusky, O., writes : " I see noth-
ing in your valuable monthly of which I have been
for many years a careful reader, in relation to a

very troublesome pest, seen this season for the first
time in this section on chrysanthemums,

" It is black, looking much like a flea, or the pest
that so often attacks young cottage plants. Will
you or some of your contributors to the magazine,
be good enough to let it be known if there is any
way of destroying them without injuring the leaves
and plant ? They are alike thick in greenhouse
and outside, and these late hard frosts leave them
as lively as ever. Between dry weather and these
pests, chrysanthemums are almost an entire failure
this fall. A friend who has tried dustmg with dry
hellebore, says it makes the leaves curl."

[Hellebore powder, or any poisonous substances
that kill insects that^feed on leaves, powdered on
them, will not kill any of the Aphis family, because
they do not eat, but suck the juices of the plants,
the juices, of course, being beneath the poison.
We have to reach insects of this class through
their breathing pores. In a greenhouse or any
closed place, tobacco smoke will do this ; and in
the open air, it is found that strong tobacco water
will penetrate them sufficiently to kill them. A
few strong syringings with tobacco water would be
a complete remedy, we think.— Ed. G. M.]

Brownea grandiceps.— Mr. Charles H. Miller,
Landscape Gardener, Fairmount Park, writes : " I
thinkyoutold me that you had never seen the flower
of Brownea grandiceps. Presuming that to be so, I
have the pleasure to send you a specimen. With
us it flowers twice a year, but the blooms in the
spring are more numerous and larger."

[Until last year, when we had a specimen from
the same source, we had never seen it in flower.
The flowers, though belonging to a West Indian
Leguminosas, are not papilionaceous, but would be
taken by the mere lover of flowers, for a small
rhododendron. Indeed, at some little distance one
might imagine it to be a head of Rhododendron
Catawbiense. Rare flowers are not always beauti-
ful, but the great beauty of this flower has addi-
tional attractions, from the fact that the plant so
rarely blossoms.

Sir William Hooker, noticing a rare chance to
see it bloom in England, observed that the plant
had a fashion of raising its leaflets, so as to cover
the flowers at certain periods of the day. It would
be interesting to know from Mr. Miller whether it
has the same odd behavior in America. — Ed. G. M.]

NEW OR RARE PLANTS.

Phrynium variegatum,— This has been intro-
duced to the notice of cultivators by Messrs. James

14

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, London. It is an ele-
gant stove plant allied to Maranta and Calathea.
The leaves have erect foot-stalks about a foot high,

Phrynium variegatum.

with spreading blades of oblong-lanceolate form,
6 to 9 inches long, and 2 to 4 inches broad. They
are bright pale green beautifully variegated virith

l888.

AND HORTICULTURIST.

cream white, the variegation being extremely [ The dwarf compact habit of the plant, its elegant
diversified, in some leaves the whole area being I contour and cheerful aspect, render it a most valu-
white, in others only one-half, in others again it is able addition to the decorative resources of the
confined to the interspaces between two or three of stove. First-class certificate from the Royal Hor-
the nerves, while in others it is reduced to a few j ticultural Society, September 7, 1886, under the
stripes. 1 name of Phrynium jucundum.

Fruit and Vegetable Gardening.

COMMUNICATIONS.

FRUIT EATING.
BY JOSIAH W. LEEDS.

Knowing how beneficial good ripe fruit is in assist-
ing the process of digestion, and recognizing the
fact that the human stomach is very apt to feel a
craving for some food of a more or less acid char-
acter, I have greatly hoped, from the vast increase
in the production of all kinds of fruits, as also the
increased facilities for offering them to the con-
sumer, that the temperance habit among the peo-
ple, especially in the cities, would find herein a
valuable auxiliary. To what extent it may have
proved to be such, I have no knowledge, yet I
have no doubt it has proved to be a determinate
help in the direction stated.

It would probably be well, did the school-text-
books which treat of alcoholic stimulants and
tobacco, showing their generally harmful eflfects,
also point out how (as indicated above) the acid
of many fruits is a good digestion aider, and will
enter the blood and healthily assimilate with the
tissues of the system in a way that alcohol and
fermented liquids will not.

In walking from my office to the place where I
proposed to take my early-afternoon lunch, some
days ago, I passed a fruit stand well heaped with
apples. A large, well patronized beer saloon was
a few steps away. Reflecting how the seller of
the fruit might do a better paying business than
evidently was the case, it appeared to me that a
good result might follow from labeling his wares.
Thus, the "down town " office clerk or salesman,
who may have fallen into the dangerous habit of
taking a regular daily " nip," or several of them,
at a wine or beer room, affecting to be a connois-
seur in this or that favorite vintage, brand or
brewing, might incline to let his choice in the

matter of varieties run in a wiser and safer direc-
tion by turning his attention toward choice of
fruits and their pleasing variety. A tendency of
this sort would doubtless be stimulated, were quite
a number of varieties of a single kind of fruit kept
by the dealer, aiming to have as many sorts as
possible in regular succession, and letting the
name of each variety be seen. At present, the
retail fruit dealer of the sidewalk stands, usually
keeps but one or two kinds of apples, and their
names never appear. It would be an advantage
to name the sorts as they come in season — the
June Apple, Bough, Summer Pearmain, Early
Harvest, Red Astrachan, Maiden's Blush — to be
followed by other names pleasingly remembered
by the city clerk as having been seen in books,
but as to the connection of the most of which with
the actual fruit he may be ignorant— the Green-
ing, Bellflower, Baldwin, Pippin, Rambo, None-
such, Seek-no-further (called " Seeks " by the
unsentimental commission man), Tallman's Sweet,
Winesap, Northern Spy, Fallawater, and lastly,
and late into the new spring's apple-blossoming
time, those always-to-be-relied-on stand-bys, the
Russet and the Sheepnose. What grateful recol-
lections of a fond aunt does the last named of
these bring up ! Specially fond she was of this
particular variety of the best of fruits, and for
months of every year the capacious dining-room
closet was never without a basket of them. Why
should I not act on my own suggestion, and to-
morrow when the corner-stand of my Italian fruit-
seller is visited, have ready for him in bold-faced,
gothic capitals, the placard titles for his inviting
little mounds of Bellflowers, Baldwins and
"Seeks." The following from the Nation is worth
repeating :

" Indeed, neither in the East nor in any part of
Europe have I ever tasted apples to compare with
those of Oregon. They have a richness and deli-

i6

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

cacy of flavor which must persuade any one that
if apples were less abundant they would be con-
sidered superior in taste and fragrance to those
tropical and semi-tropical fruits which are more
highly valued because of their scarcity in our lat-
itude. In most parts of the East, an apple is an
apple, and few people know or care about the
names of the different kinds ; but an Oregonian
would no more eat certain kinds of apples than
he would a raw pumpkin. An epicure is not more
particular in regard to his brands of wine than
an Oregonian is in the choice of his favorite
variety of apples ; and there are half a dozen
kinds which I have never seen at the East, and
the systematic introduction of which in the New
York market would make any dealer's fortune."

Philadelphia.

CELERY CULTURE.

ment the rain and water will run towards the
roots and not away from them. I always strive
to earth up after a good rain. If we mulch all
other roots to prevent evaporation, does it not
stand good in this case, at least this is my view.
Henderson's White Plume, is a sport kind that
I does not require earthing, being in itself white,
self-blanching, and is getting quite popular
here as an early first-use kind. I grow chiefly
j Henderson's half dwarf. Our sister city, St. John,
j N. B,, is the place for celery culture, being by the
sea, cool, and moist ; having a rich black, deep
marshy soil. They produce it from July to No-
vember for the market, and I know of no other
mode than the»frequent earthing practice.

Fredericton, N. B.

" Earthing up Celery " — from Gardening- Illus-
trated—^o\x extract for your readers, page 368, and
ask them to tell what they know about it. Well, I
am in a small way in quantity, compared with
your city market gardeners, yet the same exper-
imental knowledge holds good. The last fifteen
years or so I have grown for sale, chiefly to pri-
vate individuals, from 600 to 2000 heads each
year, and so far as climate and soil, I have
desired to raise it as cheap and as good as possi-
ble, but this I have failed to do — that is, to pro-
duce, as the article states, good blanched celery,
without earthing until full growth is attained.
Some of the seasons past, my time and attention
has been so divided in the florist's line, that I have
had to let it grow, and have neglected to begin
the earthing up, but always with regret when dig-
ging up time came, in being wanting in whiteness
or blanching for present use. I admit it would
be rather larger but no one wants green celery
for table use, no more than green grapes. They
are neither ripe or fit for use. Of course, if celery
is not wanted, say until March, and can be stored
in a good cool, dark cellar, it would make all the
difference. Any plant will get white and exclude
the light. In regard to using other means than
the earth for blanching, I fail to see any economy
in that, except it be in producing more on the
ground, the rows might be nearer together, but
think it would not be so good in quality, the nat-
ural earth having a tendency to make it sweet and
crisp. The article referred too, says the sloping
earthing up prevents the watering and rain. My
answer is, the earthing should not begin until it
has got a good start, and not much to prevent its
growth at first. If the earthing is done with judg-

RUSSET IN FRUIT.

BY JAMES HUNTER.

I have read the article by Mr. W. B. Carr,
(page 335, November Number) with much inter-
est, and write to tell you of a little experience I
had with this russeting of fruits. In 1884 we had
a severe frost on the 29th of May, which killed
all the blossoms on Greening, Northern Spy and
some other apples. Baldwins had passed out of
blossom, so that the frost did not injure them as
much. Pears had also passed out of blossom and
the fruit had set, and when they were maturing I
noticed on many of them russet spots, some large
and some small, on others the russet ran all the
way around them, and wherever these russet spots
occurred the fruit was slightly dinted. I had
never seen anything like it, nor have I since, so
that it was a matter of some curiosity to me. I
examined a number of specimens and could not
find that the russet had injured the flavor in the
least or had done any other injury to those that
matured, except that right under the russet the
flesh would be a little harder and especially so in
those where the russet ran round them. I also
noticed that Baldwin apples were affected in the
same way, some specimens would be half covered
over with russet. (Apples are badly damaged
with rust this year, a good many turning black
with it. A bad disease.) Glendale, Mass.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Paralysis in Fruit Trees.— We do not
know whether the Fire Blight, as it is called, in
the pear, exists in California, but the following by
the Rev. M. Ongerth, of Alameda, looks much

i888.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

17

like it, and has a much more expressive name.
But he is referring to apricots and apples :

" In the morning the trees appeared to be in full
health; shortly after 10 o'clock the stems of the
leaves suddenly became weak and every leaf
without exception hung lifeless on the tree. In
the afternoon the fruit and the bark began to
shrink, and in 48 hours all leaves and young
shoots were entirely withered and the fruit shrunk
and neatly dried up. I tested two trees with the
knife, and found that paralysis and death had
taken place from the grafting point upward,
whereas, the part below the graft, that is, the
trunk, neck of the root, and all roots, had remain-
ed intact and perfectly sound, I understand that
similar cases have occurred in California ; I there-
fore state the method to prevent the same."

A New Grape Fungus. — Messrs. Scribner &
Viala describe in a French publication, a new fun-
gus alhed to the Black rot, which is described as
Greeneria fuliginea. It was found on vines in
North Carolina. It developes chiefly on the fruit,
rose colored on the black grape, and browner on
the red kinds, and extends rapidly in concentric
lones, sometimes covering the whole berry.

The Hampton Court Vine. — It is a well
known fact, proved by the history of the one huge
vine in the grapery at Hampton Court, in Eng-
land, that a single grape-vine is much more suc-
cessfully trained over a whole grape-house than
the number usually grown. But there are num-
bers of others, as successful or more so. Manresa
House at Rockhampton, also in England, accord-
ing to the Journal oj Horticulture, has one which
occupies 3825 square feet. It is a Black Ham-
burg. The length of the grape-house is 224 feet.
It is 26 years old. This year 625 bunches were
matured, numbers weighing 3 and 4 pounds each.

The Grape in Florida. — A New Bedford,
Mass., correspondent inquires whether the Mus-
cat of Alexandria will do well in Florida. We
believe no grape of the European race does well
there, — nor does the grape in general do anything
remarkable there, so far as we know.

Grapes in California. — Californians do not
seem to have any dread of Phylloxera, and seem
inclined to compete with France and Germany
for the mastery of the world in grape culture.

The California Land and Wine Co., of Fresno,
has purchased a tract six miles long and two wide
and will plant it to raisin grapes. W. C. West,
the Horticultural Commissioner of this district, has
been chosen superintendent. Over one hundred
men will be employed. The contract for building
a dweUing of twelve rooms and a house for the

hands with forty rooms has been let. The capital
behind it is several millions.

A Large Apple Orchard.— We do not know who
has the largest apple orchard in the United States,
but if there are any larger than the Fairmount or-
chard, near Leavenworth, Kansas, we should like
to know. This has 50,000 trees and covers 437
acres.

Service Berry.— In the west they have taken
to calling the dwarf form of the Indian cherry —
Amelanchier canadensis — Service berry. As al-
ready noted, it is often advertised as huckleberry.
It is a misfortune that these common names should
be mixed up so. Service berry being a very old
name for another thing. But there is no help for
it. All that a magazine can do is to record facts as
they find them. We shall continue to call it Dwarf
Indian cherry — a name that does not mislead,
as it is not appropriated by any thing else, — though,
of course, it is not a cherry at all — it being nearer
to a small apple than any thing else. The Amel-
anchier has long been known in EngHsh garden
literature as Snowy Mespilus. It is right good
eating, under any name, and deserves wide culti-
vation. We refer to the dwarf western form.

Asparagus Chicory. — This is a vegetable new
to English gardens, but which is common in South
Italy and on the Adriatic shore from Apalia to
Taranto. It is supposed to have come from Cat-
alonia, having been brought by emigrants from
Northern Spain. In Italy, by July sowings, the
numerous stems of the plant can be used the
whole year through, in summer being made ten-
der and eatable by covering with pots, etc., as
Sea-kale is produced here. In our country its use
must be Umited to the spring, summer and au-
tumn. Its consumption for only a short time is
said to work wonders for those having weak
digestion. — Gardener's Chronicle.

SCRAPS AND QUERIES.

Chestnut, Paragon. — The American chest-
nut, as is well-known, has a much more agreeable
flavor than the European, or, as it is better known,
the Spanish chestnut. This, though of the Spanish
race, is an American seedling, and some nuts sent
us by Mr. Engle show it to be not inferior to the
American, while it is quite as large as the average
European.

On account of its having been raised in America,
it was at first proposed to call it "Great American,"

i8

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[January,

but Mr. Engle, with a conscientiousness which
does him great credit, feared he might be charged
with an intent to put it forth as a variety of the
American species. As the flavor of the American
is well-known to be superior to the European, it
would be of great commercial value could it be
passed, with its large size, for such a variety.
Under the name of Paragon, the public will have
to be taught that it is as good as the American.

Pear from Wm. H. Moon.— Mr. Moon writes:
"We forward you by mail to-day, a new pear, a
seedling variety that originated in this state. We
have been acquainted with it for three seasons,
and have watched its habits and tested its quality
and are of the opinion that it is worthy of intro-
duction as a mid-winter pear of very good quality
and an excellent keeper. Since we have observed
its habits it has been immensely productive. This
pear is forwarded to you for an expression of
opinion as to its quality, also whether you notice
in it any resemblance in appearance, quality, or
time of ripening to any variety now in cultivation.
The originator, whom I believe to be a rehable
man, says it has grown from seed in his small lot
since he has been the owner, that it has been a
regular and abundant bearer ever since it com.
menced bearing. It ripens about Christmas.
There are no trees for sale, but shall be pleased to
have your opinion."

[This is a first-class pear, and we incline to
think well worthy of naming and introducing. Its
nearest relationship is to the old Beurre d'Arem-
berg, at one time popular in Pennsylvania, and of
■which one supposed seedling, the Potts, was often

found in old German gardens. The Beurre
d'Aremberg has so long disappeared that we have
only memory to depend on, but we think it tapers
less, has a shallower basin, with some difference
in eating qualities.

But to compare it at all with Beurre d'Arem-
berg is high praise. — Ed. G. M.]

The Barnes Apple. — Mr. W. C. Strong, Brigh-
ton, Mass., writes : " I send by this mail a sample
apple which is said to have originated in Worcester
County, Mass., and is called the " Barnes." It has
just been exhibited at our Horticultural show and
has attracted unusual attention on account of its
beauty. The quality is also excellent, though I
fear the specimen sent will not do justice to the
variety in this respect. It has been kept in a steam-
heated office for about a fortnight, and of course
is not as juicy as it should be if kept in a cool
place. With such treatment it has been kept in
fine condition till March. Please examine and
express your opinion. The owner of the tree
claims that it is a regular bearer every season, but
does not over-load — the fruit uniformly fair and
not an out about it."

[A remarkably beautiful, red crimsoned striped
apple — but, as Mr. S. suggests, not as good as it
might be — not so much from lack of juice, as
from sugar to qualify the acid, — Ed. G. M.]

Blanching Sea Kale.— Referring to our note
on Sea-Kale, a correspondent inquires whether it
could not be blanched as celery is blanched, in
cases where leaves are hard to obtain ? We fancy
not, or it would have been done long ago. It
would probably rot. Still it is worth trying.

Forestry.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Preservation of the Old Forests. —
Speaking of a recent Government Report, the
Washington Star says :

" The other side of the subject — the accidental
damage wrought by the roads, as opposed to the
dehberate havoc — is touched upon by Dr. N. H.
Egleston in a paper on forest fires caused by
sparks from locomotives. In this the startling
conclusion is reached, from statistics gathered in
the single year, 1880, when the railway system of
the country was considerably smaller than now.

that growing timber of the aggregate value of
more than three millions of dollars was destroyed
by fires kindled presum.ptively by locomotives.
This was nearly thirteen per cent, of all the dam-
age from forest fires occurring in that year. Such
figures as these emphasize with unusual force the
demand, believed to be answered in the bill urged
by the American Forestry Congress, for a strict
official supervision of the woodlands of the West,
where the population is sparse and the timber
acreage vast, and a large proportion of the prop-
erty lacks the benefit of that care which the forests
of the East generally receive from private owner-
ship."

i888.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

19

Supposing the trees were preserved from fire,
what is to preserve them from the many other
sources of natural decay that are always in opera-
tion ? An American forest commences to decay
in less than 200 years. The Forestry Congress
would do better to introduce a bill to plant new
forests and let the old stagers go.

Formation of the Rings of Wood in Trees.
— The many differences of opinion that even emi-
nent men are presumed to hold in regard to the
character of the so-called annual rings of trees,
would be readily reconciled if a little thought
were given to the manner in which wood is form-
ed as the trunk is enlarged. This is accomplished
by the birth of new cells, which proceed laterally
from the old ones. The new course of cells take
their place around the mother cells, and form a
thin layer over them, just as if a sheet of writing-
paper might be wrapped around another. These
in a few days again become mother cells, and an-
other course is produced. This continues during
the short time devoted to growth, perhaps a dozen
times, and the mass of new wood, known as the
new annual layer, is really made up of a dozen
fine layers so small that the concentric lines are
only visible by means of a powerful microscope.
Now the size of these cells depends on the amount
of material at command. The original mother
cell that starts the annual growth, has had the
advantage of the best opportunities for stored nu-
trition, every successive addition is weaker and
weaker, until the last growths of the season are
very small. It is because they are so small and
packed close together that we can readily see
where they end^ and thus detect the extent of the
annual layer even in old trees. Now a tree may
be in a position to have command of a superior
stock of nutrition, and the cells are in a condition
to avail themselves of the advantages, especially
if the cells are naturally of a large size, as they
are in some trees. In the European silver linden,
for instance, the cells are one-fourth larger than
they are in the common American Imden ; and in
this and similar trees, a number of light rings can
usually be traced in the annual increment. The
same can often be seen in vigorous specimens of
the Cottonwood. But plainly as these lines may
be seen, the experienced investigator can rarely
be mistaken on the last line made during the
growing season, and is able to tell how many
years the tree has been growing on the spot where
it stands. There is nothing more certain than
that in the hand of an expert the age of a tree can
be determined by its annual growths. These re-
marks are suggested by A, H. Keane's review of
Charnay's " Ancient Cities of the New World "
the Academy for May 28th last. The reviewer
gives the author some well-deserved criticisms on
various ethnological absurdities, but believes his
science deserves more praise. But the science
that refers to tree growth is also somewhat lame.
He believes he has settled the " great tree ques-
tion" by showing that in the mahogany and other
local species the rings correspond to months and
not to years. " In a twig eighteen months old he

counted eighteen circles." He cut down a tree
twenty-two years ago, and from this stump grew
a tree which, cut down, showed 230 rings — one in
a month, or even less. It would have been more
profitable if the whole diameter of the twenty-two-
year-old tree had been given. One can generally
tell the age of a tree by its size. The increase of
any tree ranges between one-eighth of an inch to
one inch — the latter being extremely rare. About
one'fourth inch a year is the average increase in
diameter with healthy maturing trees. It is said
that Waldeck estimated a ruin at 2,000 years, and
Lirainzar at 1,700. Allowing but one-eighth inch
growth — one-quarter inch diameter — a very weak
growth for such a climate, the tree ought to have
been forty feet wide. No doubt, as Keane says,
the circles counted were not annual ones ; but as
Keane does not say, there are annual rings for all."

[The above from the pen of the Editor of this
Magazine appeared in the Independent of October
13, and is given here on account of the generous
appreciation of a correspondent on account of the
many public comments on Charnay's wonderful
statements.— Ed. G. M.]

Red-Wood Lumber. — Here in the East, there
is a growing demand for redwood lumber. It is
to be regretted from the following which we find
in the Pacific Rural Express, that the supply is
about exhausted.

" The foreign demand for redwood lumber is
rapidly increasing. It is shown by the State Board
of Forestry that the shipments of redwood to
Australia, the Pacific Islands and Mexico in 1885,
were 9,500,000 feet. In 1886. there was shipped
to these points, according to the statistics of the
redwood trade, 15,900,000 feet, nearly double the
amount of the previous year. The great bulk of
the redwoods of Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Sonoma
and the southern part of Mendocino counties is
cut, and it has all gone in Santa Clara, Alameda
and Marin counties. The northern part of Men-
docino county, Humboldt county and a small part
of Del Norte county are all that can be counted
on to supply the bulk of the demand for the future.
On Ten-Mile river, 20 miles north of Mendocino
City, the redwood forest extends a distance of nine
or ten miles from the coast, and there is found
some of the grandest redwood trees in the State.
These trees are mostly six and seven feet in diam-
eter, and rise from the ground as straight as a
ship's mast to a height of 300 feet, many of them
being 200 feet to the first limb and keeping their
size nearly that distance up. The writer was in-
formed by a young man, who is well acquainted
with that section of the country, that farther up
the river he had measured a redwood tree which
was nearly thirty feet in diameter.

"That the enormous demand for redwood lum-
ber will constantly increase.there is not the shadow
of a doubt, for new towns are springing up like
mushrooms all over the State, especially so in the
treeless section of Los Angeles, San Bernardino
and San Diego counties. Our matchless redwood

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[JanuarVf

forests are now melting away before the wood-
man's axe and the ravenous tooth of the saw, hke
snow under a tropical sun. A score of years
hence scarcely a vestige of it will be left, and then
our people will know and appreciate its great
Talue."

The surprise is, the facts being as they are, no
effort seems to be made at planting a few thou-
sand acres. It would require, of course, the or-
ganization of a company to do it, but then Cali-
fornia is just the place where such enterprising
companies usually find their home.

Possibly the. answer would be that the few thou-
sand acres would pay better in the same time, if
put in wheat, grapes, or other things. If so, then
the facts are not as represented. It is the demand
and scarcity of an article that fixes the price, and
the owner of a redwood forest— say twenty-five
years hence— would have it in his own hands to
fix the price so as to make a paying point. The
stock in such a company would always advance
in value, as wood neared a merchantable age.

In the East, where the Gardeners' Monthly
^as continually shown how profitable forestry
would be when managed on a large scale by a
strong company, there has been no response.
We should not object to Californians showing their
Eastern brethren how to do these things, as they
so often have shown in others.

Re-forestation in France. — It is a common
thought with us, that in the Old World, govern-
ments do everything, — and what these govern-
ments do for forestry is a common theme with our
lorest associations. But individuals and societies
work in forestry also. The forests of Solagne, that
were destroyed by the severe winter of 1879-80,
have been replaced through the efforts of the Agri-
sultural Society of France. In five years many
tSiOusands of acres have been replanted. Pinus
piaritima is the kind selected for the work.

Forest Lands in the Rocky Mountain Re-
gion.—R. B., Cave Hill, Ky., inquires, and per-
haps Robert Douglas or others familiar with that
region can tell : " Will you please do me the favor
and state in your magazine at what price forest
land is sold an acre in and around the Rocky
Mountains in the States of Montana, Idaho, Wy-
oming, Nevada, etc."

Annual Growth of Trees.— A correspondent
says : " I suppose you have seen the statement of
Mr. Charnay in ' The Ancient Cities of the New
World' (page 260), denying the truth of the com-
monly received doctrine as to the annual formation
of concentric circles in growing trees. My friend,

Mr. Finck, of Cordova, Mexico, said to me many
years ago, that he was satisfied that the rule would
not hold good as to many tropical trees. If I am
not mistaken, you have already somewhere in the
pages of the Monthly discussed this question ;
but another article from your prohfic brain would
be most acceptable to some of your readers. I am
frank to say that I have very little confidence in
Charnay's archaeological theories, but his observa-
tions bearing upon this vexed question in vegeta-
ble physiology may be entitled to more credence,
especially as they confirm, to some extent, the
statements made by others of greater authority."
[Possibly the answer to a- Boston correspondent
in the last number of our magazine, in relation to
the annual growths of the mammoth trees of Cali-
fornia, will cover the question here. One simple
consideration will show the absurdity of Charnay's
calculation. If his theory be correct, his trees in
twenty years ought to be 40 feet thick ! — Ed. G. M.]

A Large Fossil Tree.— In the grounds of the
Natural History Museum, South Kensington, a
magnificent tree fossil of the carboniferous era has
just been pieced together. It was taken from the
Craigleith Quarries, near Edinburgh, where it was
discovered in 1854, and the part rescued is 36 feet
in length, measuring in girth 13 feet at the base
and 1 1 feet at the top. It is allied to the Arauca-
rias, and peculiarities of condition lead to the in-
ference, that these great trees were drifted into the
sand, which subsequently became compacted into
stone. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

The Crimean Linden.— Under this name the
Garden has a chapter oh the Silver Linden,
Tilia argentea, or T. petiolaris of some authors.
As much is not known of it, and it does re-
markably well in America, we give what the Gar-
den says of it, in order that it may attract more
attention. In our country it usually goes under the
name of the Silver-leaved Hungarian Linden :

" Of all the Limes this one is, I consider, the
handsomest, being very fine in foliage and extreme-
ly graceful in growth. It is the same as the Lime
known in nurseries as T. Americana pendula, but
as it is a native of Eastern Europe and not of
America, this name is misleading. It is not an old
tree, as Loudon states that in 1838 it was not known
in England, though it was cultivated in the gardens
at Odessa at that time. It was then considered to
be only a variety of the Hungarian Lime, T. alba,
or T. argentea, as it is also called, which is the only
other silver-leaved Lime. T. petiolaris is distinct
from it, and no one could mistake the one for the
other after they had seen both, despite their simi-
larity of leaves, both having the under surfaces of
silvery whiteness. But the common white Lime is

1888.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

erect in growth and its twigs always point upwards ;
whereas every branch and twig of T. petiolaris are
pendulous and hang equally on all sides of the tree
in a most elegant manner. In T. alba the silvery
surfaces of the leaves are only seen when upturned
by the wind, but in many others the leaves are
twisted so as to show the silvery sides at all times,
and when stirred by a breeze the whole tree is as
silvery as the Abele. One might call the Crimean
Lime a weeping tree in the truest sense, and now
that the leaves are off, one can see the graceful out-
line of its head and weeping branches more so than
in summer. It is a strong grower, and seems to grow
rapidly even on light, poor soils ; whereas T. alba
does not thrive well except in pretty good soil.
Nurserymen ought to pay more attention in work-
ing up stocks of this fine tree, for when its merits
become better known there will undoubtedly be a
demand for it. In some of the best nurseries good-
sized trees may be bought, but it is not grown in
quantity, as the common and other Limes are.
There are some good medium-sized trees of it at
Kew, where it grows to perfection on a dry, grav-

elly soil, and it was remarkable that through all the
drought of the past summer its leaves kept their
deep green appearance, and showed not the least
tendency to change colour, as did all the other
Limes ; and young trees of it in the collection
of Limes were conspicuous for their luxuriant ver-
dure. The finest Crimean Lime I know, and which
is probably the finest in the country, is that grow-
ing in Mr. Maurice Young's nursery at Milford,
Godalming, and it is most likely one of the first
planted in this country, for the Milford Arboretum
was, even fifty years ago, one of the most celebra-
ted in England. This specimen is some 60 feet in
height, and has a diameter of stem at breast high
of about 18 inches. It has the characteristic dense
head of the species, and is as stately as it is grace-
ful. It stands by itself, so that it has had plenty of
space to develop. The sight of this lime would be
sufficient ts> recommend it to everyone who takes
an interest in trees. Taking into consideration
every point of this Tilia, it is not too much to say
that it is one of the most valuable ornamental trees
we have. W. G."

Natural History and Science.

COMMUNICATIONS.

INFLUENCE OF THE STOCK IN GRAFTING.

BY THOMAS BENNETT.

That the grafted stock exerts an influence over
the scion or graft, for strength or weakness, is now
pretty generally admitted by all fruit growers.
This is well illustrated by grafting the pear upon
the quince. It was a lucky hit when the European
grape was found to succeed better when engrafted
on the American species, than when grown on its
own roots. But when reference is made to the
American grape for the propagation of the Euro-
pean, it is my opinion that what is generally meant
is our native cultivated grapes for stocks. If so,
I think an improvement can be made in this busi-
ness by engrafting the foreign on our native Fox
grapes. I have tried this and the result was most
satisfactory.

Having been requested once to fill a large
house or conservatory with hot-house grapes in the
shortest possible time, I prepared a border eight
feet wide in the usual way ; there not being room
to make it wider on account of a walk running

near the house. Having procured a number of
old Fox grapes, dug up and pulled down from the
trees in the woods, I planted and coiled them
around in circles, each one around itself so as to
cover up the old stem which was from twenty to
thirty feet long, and covered them up about six
inches under the surface, having first cut them in
several places to induce them to throw out roots.
Then having introduced the tops through the wall,
I ingrafted, or rather inarched them ; each Fox
grape with. one of a few well chosen hot-house
varieties grown in pots ; but they chiefly consisted
of Black Jiamburghs. This was done about the
month of April, and the third year from that time
the house bore a full crop, which astonished all
j who saw it, and was a very fine crop, indeed.
; These bunches were from five to seven pounds
I each, and the average was six pounds to a
bunch.

This happened several years ago, but I have
ever since held that the native Fox grape is an
excellent stock, for all hot-house grapes, at least ;
and I would recommend it to all contemplating
the growing of the foreign grape under glass.

Chambersburg, Trenton, N. 7

THE GARDENERS* MONTHLY

[January,

POISONOUS HONEY.

BY COLONIST.

Apropos of your note on " Poisonous Honey "
in the December Number of the Gardeners'
Monthly, permit me to call your attention to
some words of Mr. John Hunter on the taste and
smell of bees, in his article on " Bees " in the En-
cyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, American
reprint. He says (Vol. HI, p. 421), "Their taste
is perhaps the most imperfect of their senses.
They use scarcely any discrimination in the col-
lection of honey from different flowers. They are
not repelled by the scent or flavor of such as are
extremely offensive to our organs, and scruple
not to derive supplies from such as are highly
poisonous. In some districts in America it is well
known that honey acquires in this way very dele-
terious properties. The qualities of honey are
observed to vary much according to the particular
situation from which it is obtained. In their
selection of flowers they are guided by the
quantity of honey they expect to meet with and in
no respect by its quality. That gathered from ivy
blossoms in England is sometimes so bitter and
nauseous as to be useless for our eating although
the bees consume it readily." Has this accusa-
tion against some honey of possessing "very dele-
terious properties" been disproved since the above
was written ? Rugby, Tenn.

We should be very glad for any positive infor-
mation on the interesting points raised.

There is no question that honey varies in qual-
ity according to the flowers that furnish it. There
is no honey more approved than that from
some parts of North Carolina ; and the
opposite extreme would seem to be reached when
the honey was obtained from ivy flowers. There
must of course be something in the honey besides
the sugar, that makes the difference. Why can-
not chemical analysis tell us what this something
is? or has it done so, and placed the result some-
where on record ?

The main question is, is this something poison-
ous ? To our mind it seems that that which would
poison a man should poison a bee, and this is the
chief reason why we have had doubts about
any honey having much in it that can be regard-
ed as poisonous. If there is really any poisonous
substance in honey, we should prefer to have the
statement from a chemist, than from the soldiers
of Xenophon, who may have made little pigs of
themselves when they came to a land flowing
with it.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

LuPiNUS ALBO-cocciNEUS NANUS. — In our last
we noted the interesting discovery of recent times,
that varieties perpetuate themselves just as exactly
as recognized species ; and, in view of the numer-
ous experiences of florists in this particular, it was
strange men of science were so far behind with a
contrary view. We again illustrate this point
by a new class of Dwarf Lupinus, a beautiful
variety of which we append a cut, is being
introduced by Haage & Schmidt. The whole
family of Lupines is a very beautiful one. In the

Lupmus albo-coccmeus nanus.

Eastern United States we have few species, but in
the West, commencing from the Rocky Mountain
region, they form no mean element among the
wild flowers that give so much beauty to that
charming part of our territory.

This particular variety forms a close compact
bush about one foot high, and has a pretty mix-
ture of white, red and purple flowers. As it is an
annual, flowering a few weeks after sowing, and
thriving well in American flower garden borders,it
will no doubt achieve a wide popularity.

Trees and Rainfall. — Another trouble now
worries the minds of those who are investigating
the relations between forests and rainfall. Mr.
Fantiat, a French Meteorologist, has shown that
trees prevent the rain getting to the roots of trees.
So much as one-half an ordinary rainfall — so he
says— rests on the leaves of an oak forest, only to
be carried off by evaporation when the rain is
over.

Rain in Salt Lake City.— Up to November
15th, there had been no rain for ninety-six days.
Yet, by their admirable system of irrigation, the

5.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

23

people would care little if it never rained. Melt-
ing snow from the mountains gives them all the
water they require.

The Japan Witch Hazel. — The Japan Witch
Hazel has been now blooming several years in
America, and seems scarcely different from the
American species, Hamamelis Virginiana, It is
one of the wonderful facts of nature that so many
plants native to the Eastern United States should
be also native to the woods of Japan.

Rabbit Pest in Australia. — The Australian
government, it is said, offers to pay some Yankee
— or other for that matter— a good round sum for
a method of destroying the English rabbit, which,
introduced to that part of the world by some lover
of his country, is nearly ruining it. It ought not to
be a difficult reward to claim. The American Jack-
rabbit is as great a pest as his Australian-English
cousin. When he plays his pranks too boldly, the
Western people drop work, and have a round-up.
Without dog or gun they form a cordon, each
man, woman and child with a club, and close in
on the enemy, first having a wire yard into which
to drive them. At a recent round-up of this kind
in Tulare county, California, 2000 rabbits were
killed by the clubs, a large number taken alive,
and a few escaped. It was but the work of one
day.

Woody Violets. — Few people who only know
the natural order of violets, — Violaceae, could
imagine that in 3ome parts of the world some of
the genera take on the character of woody shrubs.
The following account of one of these competitors
for a place in a subtropical shrubbery is from the
Gardening World :

"In the Laurel-leaved Violet we have a mem-
ber of the Viola family, which has been named
Viola laurifolia, by Smith, in Rees' Cyclopce-
dia ; but so like a Viola is it in general struct-
ure, and yet so different in appearance, that it has
received various names at the hands of different
authors from time to time. According to our
standard authorities it is most correctly named
Cory nosty lis Hybanthus, and is figured in the Bo-
tanical Magazine, t. 5960, under that name. Its
other synonyms are Corynostylis Aubletii, Calyp-
trion Aubletii and Viola Hybanthus, besides that
above given, namely, Viola laurifolia. The Eng-
lish name is a happy one and might, for the matter
of that, be generally adopted, as the plant belongs
to the Viola family, and is besides deliciously
scented. It is, moreover, a climbing shrub that
was first introduced to cultivation by Mr. Linden,
from Para, and extends over a tract of country ex-
tending from the Amazon to Venezuela, Columbia,
Guatemala and St. Vincent ; and was first flowered
in Britain in Mr. Bull's nursery, at Chelsea, in

1872. The leaves are large and leathery, shallow-
ly-toothed or serrated at the margins, and resem-
ble those of a Laurel to some extent, as the Eng-
lish name implies. The general appearance of the
axillary racemes of white flowers, with their stout,
curiously twisted spurs, forcibly reminds one of
some of the Indian Balsams, that is a species of
Impatiens."

SCHINUS MOLLE (PEPPER TrEE). — With mOSt

things commercially, as soon as demand is known,
supply is forthcoming. It is the demand for berried
plants for indoor work which has, no doubt,
brought this into the market. In Covent Garden
we recently saw a good supply of sprays of it, with
its elegant, fern-like foliage, and long sprays of
ivory-white, rose-tinted berries. In California,.
Mexico, and South America it grows into fine
shade trees. It belongs to Anacardiaceae, and its
leaves are charged with a resinous gas, which
causes the leaflets to dart about like fishes when
fresh plucked and cast into water.

In addition to the above from the Garden, it may
be noted that some of the American species of
Rhus — or the Sumachs — have in some degree the
property in the leaves of darting on the surface of
the water like fishes. The leaves must be cut into
cross-sections. The tree is commonly used as a
shade tree in California, and perhaps the people
in that section might be able to send England all
the berries they could use.

The Relation Between Color and Flower
IN Fruits.— Just what is the relation is not known,
but that there is some relation is patent to all. A
correspondent of the Garden well observes of hot-
house grapes that " Mrs. Pince and Black Moroc-
co are two varieties thatwill often be found of good
flavour when the berries are red (if quite ripe).
Hamburghs taste sweet and refreshing when
claret-colored, but they lack the fine flavour of
those that can truly be called Black Hamburghs.
Madresfield Court is soft and insipid when not well
finished, and of a most objectionable colour —
mostly dirty brown. All white grapes are inferior
when the amber tint is absent, more especially that
noble grape, the Muscat of Alexandria. How-
ever large the bunches or fine the berries, if the
golden colour is wanting, the berries will be soft
and the flavour poor, and shrivelling will follow.
When nicely finished they are firm and crackling,
and will keep plump well into the new year,"

Reclaiming Desert Wastes. — The devotee
of science seems to his fellows as engaged in but
trifling pursuits, yet we owe most of the great prog-
ress of the age to the silent labors of these in-
vestigating minds. To discover an entirely new
truth is, however, among the greatest benefactions
to mankind, though no one knows at the discov

24

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

ery what use to make of it. Thousands must have
seen a piece of iron ore. But the iron horse never
would have been developed had not someone dis-
covered how to get the iron from the ore. Possi-
bly the first man to find that that dirty brown
block would yield the pure iron, merely thought
of it as a trifling curiosity. Certainly the first
discoverer, whoever he may have been, never
imagined a hot water boiler or a steam boiler
would ever result from his discovery.

With the aid of science even the Desert of Saha-
ra is becoming inhabitable, and colonization is en-
couraged. The Lower Sahara is an immense basin
of artesian waters, and the French are forming
fresh oases with skill and success, so that the num-
ber of cultivated tracts is increasing rapidly. After
a period of thirty years forty-three oases have
13,000 inhabitants, 120,000 trees between one and
seven years old, and 100,000 fruit trees.

Strawberries with Five Leaves. — As is well
known the strawberry has trifoliate leaves. Occa-
sionally in the Old World, varieties have appeared
with five leaves. Some Potentillas and other Ro-
saceous genera have five leaflets in a leaf; and the
occasional five-leaved strawberries show how
nature has no exact hne drawn between any of her
works.

Animal Parasites. — There is nothing more
interesting to the Horticulturist than the subject of
vegetable parasites, especially those of low organ-
ization known as mildew and moulds, or under the
later or more polished name of Bacteria. The
relationship between the animal and vegetable
world is so close, that we are sure the following
note by the Secretary, from ihe recent Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Phil-
adelphia, will be welcomed by intelligent readers
everywhere. Professor Joseph Leidy, it may be
remarked, was ihe first to discover that dreadful
pest in raw pork, the Trichinia :

"Apropos of a discovery recently made in a dish
of terrapin, the President, Dr. Leidy, communicated
to the last meeting of the Academy certain facts
regarding the presence of parasites in animal sub-
stances prepared as food. The habits of the
naturalist oUen led him to observe things in our
daily life which usually escape the notice of others.
In our food he bad frequent occasions to detect
parasites which he preferred to reject, but which
are unconsciously swallowed by others. While he
liked a herring, lie never ate one without first re-
moving the conspicuously coiled worms on the
surface of the roes ; and he had repeatedly extract-
ed from a piece of black bass or a shad a thread
worm which others would not distinguish from a
vessel or a nerve. While he did not object to the

little parasitic crab of the oyster, he made it a
point to remove the equally frequent leech from
the clam. It was while eating a piece of ham that
he had first noticed the presence of the trichina,
which discovery he was the first announce. The
presence of such parasites was, doubtless, one of
the causes which led Moses to declare the pig to
be unclean. In the hundred tape-worms he had
examined, from our fellow citizens, during the past
twenty- five years, he had ascertained that they had
all been derived from rare beef.

" During a visit to Charleston. S. C, before the
late war, there were served at an evening enter-
tainment, among other viands, some nicely brown-
ed slices of the drumfish, Pogonias chromis. A
friend, informing him that some portions were
more gelatinous and delicate than others, had
helped him to what he supposed was one of such.
On cutting into it he had observed embedded in
the flesh a soft mass, which appeared of enigmatic
character. The following day he procured from
market a drum-fish, on dissection of which he found
embedded in the tail several egg-shaped masses,
about three inches long and less than an inch
thick, which proved to be a large coiled worm,
Acanthorhynchus reptans. This it was that gave
delicacy to the dainty, and in this instance the
parasite seemed to enhance the excellence of the
tood.

*' At another entertainment nearer home he had
recently partaken of some stewed terrapin. Tak-
ing into his mouth what appeared to be an egg, it
produced such an impression as led to its rejection.
Seeming so peculiar, he tied it up in the corner of
his handkerchief for further investigation. He
found, on examination, that it was a membranous
bag, containing thirty yellowish white maggots,
evidently the larvae of a bot-fly, and resembling
those found infesting horses and cattle.

" The dish of stewed terrapins he suspected to
have been a mixture of the diamond-back, Emys
palustris, and the red bellied terrapin, Emys rugosa.
This is not the only instance of the occurrence of
bots in turtles, as Prof. A. S. Packard notes the
presence of larvae in the skin of the neck of the
box-turtle, Cistudo Carolina. The zoological
characters of the recently discoverd larvae were
given in detail.

" Mr. Wm. H. Dall referred to an interesting
parasite inhabiting the body and extending into
the tentacles of the snail, Succinea. They grow
to an enormous size, occupying so much of the
body of the host as to leave but little room appar-
ently for the intestines. The parasite was quite
common in European snails, but he had only
recently found it in a Western species. It was
identified by Dr. Leidy as the Leuco-chloridum
paradoxum."

Cactuses as Fodder Plants.— Some attention
is being given to the value of opuntias or prickly
pears as fodder plants to be raised on those dry
parts of our continent where little else will grow»
This attention comes from some recently publish-
ed analysis of the pulp of the Tunya species, by

I888.J

AND HORTICULTURIST.

Prof. E. W. Stewart, of the Geneva, N. Y., exper-
imental station. He finds that the analysis of the
dry substance of the leaves gives the following :

22.79

Ash

Albuminoids

Crude fiber

Other carbohydrates.
Fat (other extract) . . ,

6.81
14.99
52.92

2.49

Total 100.00

Water

Ash

Albuminoids

Crude fiber

Other carbohydrates.
Fat

88.00
2.73
0.82
1.80

Probably
Digestible.

6.30
0.20

Total.

Nutritive ratio, i to 10.4, or similar to green
corn-fodder. The station also made an analysis
of the ash, which contained the following :

Phosphoric acid.
Potash.

1.10

1.3 88

Soda 10.56

Lime 37.28

Magnesia 4.20

(By dif.) sand and silica 32.98

Total 100 00

The difficulty in bringing the plant into use,
would be the numerous small spines with which
the plant is beset. In parts of Mexico where the
plant is largely used for cattle feed, we believe
the sections are rapidly drawn through fire, which
so singes the spines that they are inoffensive. But
this would be a slow process for the average
American to engage in, and probably a "crusher"
would be equally effective. Nothing, not even a
cactus, can be more offensively prickly than the
Gorse or Furze of Northern Europe. But by run-
ning it through a "Gorse-crusher," it makes admira-
ble cattle food.

It is more than likely that, with a little attention
to the matter, both food and drink could be had
from these plants in sufficient certainty and
abundance to make what are now "howling des-
erts " habitable for hundreds of men with their
domestic animals.

The Origin of the Auricula.— Prof. Kerner
believes that a supposed species of the Alps,
Primula pubescens, is itself a natural hybrid
between Primula superauricula and P. hirsuta, and
that it is not only not sterile, but the parent of
the beautiful tribe of florists' flowers, known as the
Auricula.

Earthquakes. — M. Mandin, a distinguished
naturalist, and especially noted as a botanist, tells
the French Academy of Sciences that severe earth-
quake phenomena only occur in districts destitute
of forest growth, which might serve to discharge

the atmospheric electricity. Earthquake phenom-
ena he therefore attributes to the resistance offered
by the earth's crust to the electricity generated in
the globe itself. We do not know at this writing
how these facts accord with those in association
with American experiences. — Independent.

The China Aster. — Callistephus hortensis, or
China Aster, was introduced toward the end of the
last century, and was raised in the Jardin des
Plantes of Paris from seeds sent from China. Of
annual duration, numerous varieties have resulted
from its extensive cultivation. In the wild state
the flowers are single— that is to say, only the outer
florets are strap-shaped, and usually of a rosy-lilac
tint, with yellowishdisk-florets ; but under cultiva-
tion the florets have become ligulate or quilled,
and a richness and variety of colouring has been
developed scarcely surpassed in any one species,
ranging from pure white to deep carmine, and
violet and blue, though the yellow of the disk in
the single form has not been reproduced in the
double. We are mainly indebted to the French
horticulturists, notably Truffaut, Fontaine, and
Vilmorin, for the great perfection to which the
different races have been brought. It is worthy of
remark that these varieties are so far fixed that
they will come true from carefully selected and
well ripened seed. — Gardeners' Chronicle.

Wild Flowers in the Arctics.— Lieutenant
Swatka says in the Independent :

" Along most of the Arctic coast the ice does not
disappear from the ocean channels during the
whole summer, and it would be nothing unusual,
of course, to find a low state of temperature here-
abouts. Inland, however, this is changed. As
soon as the black rocks begin peeping through the
snow, the havoc on that material commences ; for
by this time the sun is never setting, and there is
no cessation at night to the melting as we see in our
irregular spring weather. Pretty soon the black
and brown carpets of moss show through, and
there is but a day or two left, unless some fog bank
or cloud-masses put in an early appearance to
screen the ground from the ceaseless peltmgs of
the sun's rays, as it swings around the horizon, but
never sets.

" Just as soon as the ground is barren of snow
—about the loth of July for King William's Land
— vegetation springs up in a way that any one
would pronounce more tropical than polar. Nor
does it wait long after the snow before the pretty
Arctic flowers come peeping through, as thick as
in any better attended bed at home. I have seen
them growing so close to the snow that it had to
be pressed aside with the foot in order to pick them.
When on King William's Land I often crossed
marshy places where the moss was studded with
flowers that sprang from the little soil the sphag-
num held, and oftentimes this thick sphagnum

26

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

would break under the feet as we walked along in
the hot August sun, and the person would sink
about a foot to eighteen inches in the marsh, only
to bring up on solidly frozen ground beneath. It
was really wading through ice water, although
vegetation flourished, the surface water being a
little warmer than that below, however. After the
ice gets out of the Arctic inland lakes — from the
1st to the loth of August in the deepest ones — and
much before that in the very shallow ones, the
water has a chance to warm up a little, and flowers
spring into existence around its borders in the
densest profusion, while the great amount of
aquatic life on its surface, seeking food during the
breeding season, looks much more like a lake in
the temperate zone than one in the Arctic. I be-
lieve I can conscientiously say that I have seen
lake shores in Arctic countries where a traveler
might walk for a hundred yards and hardly be able
to put his foot down without crushing one or more,
so very thick were they. The predominating
<olor of these polar flowers seemed to be found m
the various tints lying between white and yellow,
giving a bright golden look to the beds where
thickest."

Floral Calendars. — In regard to the times of
flowering of plants, Mr. Meehan exhibited at a
recent meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, blooms of the Winter Aconite,
Eranthus hyemalis, and the Snowdrop, Galanthus
nivalis, which this year were blooming together
on the loth of April. In other seasons the same
plants growing side by side, had given flowers of
the Winter Aconite several weeks before the Snow-
drop. The explanation was that some plants would
start into growth at a lower temperature than
others. The Snowdrop would remain at rest under
a low temperature quite sufficient to excite the
Aconite. In a season when the thermometer re-
mained regularly lower than sufficient to excite
growth in the Aconite, it remained quiescent until
the warmer spring weather brought forward both
plants together. These facts showed that no such
a scheme as a floral calendar could be established,
as the relative blooming of plants depended on ac-
cidents of temperature rather than on any fixed
climatal conditions.

The Smallest Plant in the World. — The
smallest flowering plant in existence is Wolffia
microscopica, a native of India. It belongs to
the natural order Lemnaceae, or the Duckweed
Family. It is almost microscopic in size, desti-
tute of proper stem, leaves and roots, but having
these organs merged in one, forming a frond.
There is, however, a prolongation of the lower
surface into a kind of rhizoid, the purpose of
which seems to be to enable the plant to float up-
right in the water. The fronds multiply asexually

by sending out other fronds from a basilar slit, or
concavity, and with such rapidity does this take
place that a few days often suffices to produce
from a few individuals enough similar ones to
cover many square rods of pond surface with the
minute green granules.

But small as these plants are, and simple in
their structure, they yet produce flowers. Two
flowers are produced on a plant, each of them
very simple, one consisting of a single stamen, and
the other of a single pistil, both of which burst
through the upper surface of the frond. There are
two species of this genus growing in the Eastern
United States, one of them, Wolffia Columbiana,
about 1-25 of an inch in diameter and the other,
W. Brasiliensis, somewhat smaller in size. The
American species has been collected near Phila-
delphia.

Rhododendron punctatum. — Your paragraph
upon Rhododendron punctatum, in the Gardeners*
Chronicle for June 9, in which the species is men-
tioned as " a compact grower, of dwarf habit, pro-
ducing an abundance of pink, funnel-shaped flow-
ers," and suggesting that it would be worth while
for hybridists to turn their attention to it, leads me
to ask whether hybridists may not already have
taken it in hand. I would inquire whether there
may not still linger some tradition relative to such
crossing. The following are the reasons for the
inquiry. Rhododendron punctatum in its native
habitat (in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia,
and descending along some of the rivers into the
middle country) is not a dwarf species, being
commonly 4 to 6 feet high, and is the opposite of
"a compact grower ;" it forms a spreading bush,
and has slender, lithe, diffuse or recurving branch-
es, especially when grown in open ground; on the
rocky banks which it naturally affects, it has a
straggling habit. The flower, indeed, may be
called "funnel-shaped," but with a widely open
limb, not so open as in the figure in Bot. Reg.,
t. 37, which I suspect belongs to R. Catawbiense,
but nearly as in the earliest figure and description
of the species, in Andrews' Bot. Rep., t. 36 (" cor-
olla rotato-infundibuliformis, blossom of a rounded
funnel shape "), at least as much so as in the next
earliest figure, in Ventenat, Hort. Cels., t. 15. The
figure in Bot. Mag., t. 2285, has a widely open
corolla. The only other figure that I know of is a
poor one in Watson's Dendrologia, t. 162, and this
evidently represents the plant now cultivated in
England as R. punctatum, and to which your re-
marks refer. This erect shrub, of compact habit

i888.]

AND HORTICULTURIST.

27

and narrowly funnel-form corollas, we have from
Watson under this name, also a paler flowered
and in other respects slightly different form of it
as R. ovatum. It hardly exceeds 2 feet in height,
has leaves only half as large as those of the true
R. punctatum, more rigid and more lepidote, and
the corolla-lobes are only about half the length of
the narrow tube, which is also more lepidote. I j
suppose that your R. punctatum is a hybrid of \
that species with the alpine R. ferrugineum, and |
that the crossing may have given the complete
hardiness in England which the original was said
to lack ; yet the latter is fairly hardy here. There '

is one reason for distrusting my theory — that your
Rhododendron is a hybrid — which is, that my R.
Chapmani, from sandy Pine barrens near the coast
of Western Florida, has a corolla of similar shape,
and an equally upright habit of growth. But,
besides some other differences, this has larger flow-
ers and exserted stamens and style. In conclusion,
let me recommend the re-introduction of the origi-
nal R. punctatum into English cultivation, as a
contrast to the one you possess, and to all our
other species, on account of its open, light and
graceful habit. — Asa Gray, Cambridge, Mass., in
Gardeners" Chronicle.

Literature. Travels and Personal Notes.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Humility. —

I plucked the weeds forth, left and rigbt,

To make an open space
About, a wind-sown blossom bright,

With uplift wondering face.

" Why sparest me, and them dost slay ? "
The darling blossom sighed ;
Nor knew itself more worth than they
That fell in rank-blown pride.

—Edith M. Thomas, in Independent.

Pronunciation of Gladiolus.— The Pittsburg

National Stockman says :

" The word gladi-o-lus, accented on the ante-
penultimate (the z in the present instance) accord-
ing to rule, is not easily pronounced by many until
after considerable use; hence it has often had the
accent erroneously placed on the penultimate, 0.
There is a disagreement also in regard to the
plural form, in which the right and wrong are less
distinctly marked ; some good botanists consider-
ing that as the word has been fully Anglicised it
should take the English plural, ^/arf/t'/wj^.y / while
others, including most of the bulb-catalogues, re-
tain the Latin plural, gladioli. Recently Prof.
Meehan, of Philadelphia, who has been understood
as favoring the English plural above, has been
using, in the Gardeners' Monthly, of which he
is the accomplished editor, the -word, gladio las, the
singular of which would be gladiola. This is a
comparatively new word ; and while there is no
change of the accent the termination is changed,
shortening the word and at the same time ridding
it of the English superabundant ss which is object-
ionable to some.

" The divergence having thus been begun, each
may be at liberty to choose between gladioluses
and gladiolas. And at the same time it may be
well to consider whether it would not be better to

change the accent to 0 ; as Stormonth, a recent
English dictionary of high repute, after giving the
established pronunciation of the old word, gladio-
lus, accenting the i, adds : " popularly, gladi-(?-lus."
Thus, the recent words would be, gladi-(7-la and
gladi-(?-las — if the innovation is to be allowed."

We may add to the above that it is not the first
time words have been changed in their genders
and pronunciations to suit English needs. If we
follow ancient examples with faultless precision,
we should say, Anem-6-ny, instead of An-em'-ony,
ar'-butus, instead of ar-bu-tus, sed'-um, instead of
se'dum, and so forth ; and if by making gladiolus
feminine instead of masculine, we bring gladiolus
more in accord with the shape of our tongues,
we have at least some precedents as our warranty.

There seems to have been no rules for the
ancient classifications of Latin gender in nouns
except peculiarities of pronunciation.

How Horticulture Aids the Public Peace.
— A Vienna newspaper supports a suggestion for
the permanent closing of Trafalgar Square to mob
meetings by laying it out as a public garden.
" The propensity to convert any large flagged place
into a forum is irresistible," remarks this journal,
" but flower-beds, grass plots and httle railings are
a great hindrance to mass meetings. Red coated
geraniums would clear the square more effectively
than red-coated Guardsmen, and there would
probably be less sympathy for a crowd proceeding
to trample down flowers than for one attacking
policemen. The sight of devastated flower beds
would impress the horror of mob violence more

28

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

forcibly on certain cultivated minds than scores of
battered policemen's helmets.

Prof. Riley and the German Phylloxera
Decree. — A very annoying blunder occurs in our
October number which has only just received our
attention. The article at page 314, headed "Im-
portation of plants into Germany," is stated to be by
Prof. C. V. Riley ; whereas it is simply and purely
an editorial note, and the Editor is responsible for
it. Prof. Riley, knowing the Editor's desire to get
information on the condition of the German Phyl-
loxera laws as early as possible, kindly sent us the
new decree, which we received on the eve of his
departure for Europe. We have not heard from
Prof. Riley on the subject, but of course he does
not care to be made responsible for the Editor's
comments upon the decree. Though there is
nothing in the editorial matter to the discredit of
Prof. Riley, but, on the contrary, nothing but
praise, it is of a nature to do him great injustice,
without this explanation, which we are sorry not
to have sooner noted is required at our hands.

Railroad Classification of Trees. — The
railroads have answered the Nurserymen's Associ-
ation, that hereafter trees will be rated as third
class, instead of as first class, as heretofore.

Brevoortia. — This beautiful genus of Cahfor-
nia bulbs was named in honor of James Carson
Brevoort, of the city of Brooklyn, New York. He
died on the 7th of December in his 70th year. He
was a member of the New York Academy of
Sciences, and a generous patron of literature,
science and art. In addition to this he endeavored
to make his knowledge practically useful to the
community, and served in the Board of Education
and on the Water Commission.

History of the Chinese Azalea. — More than
a century ago Kaempfer and Thunberg made
known to botanists the existence in Japan and
China of the beautiful Azalea indica, which had
been cultivated there in gardens for many years
and was represented by numerous varieties, twen-
ty-one being enumerated by Kaempfer. Mr. W.
Anderson, curator of the Chelsea Botanic Garden,
obtained a plant in August, 18 10, Irom China, the
only one of several that were sent in the same
ship, all the others having died on the voyage, the
passage being greatly prolonged owing to the
stormy weather experienced when rounding the
Cape of Good Hope ; an example of the difficulty
attending the introduction of plants when only
sailing vessels were at command. Mr. Anderson
appears to have been successful in the culture and

propagation of this plant, as several years later he
described his practice in the Transactions of the
London Horticultural Society. Then, and for a
long time afterwards, however. Azalea indica was
only increased by layers, a method also employed
for some years in raising stocks when grafting was
adopted. According to the second edition of
Alton's " Hortus Kewensis," the first plants were
introduced by the Directors of the East India
Company two years before this, but I have found
no other mention of the circumstance.

Plants increased in numbers but slowly, and
writing in 1812, Dr. John Sims in describing the
first one figured in the "Botanical Magazine,"
plate 1480, said ; "This is a very rare plant which
has been anxiously sought for by cultivators of
curious and scarce exotics. We believe there are
not above three or four individuals of it in the
country, and of these only the one in the collec-
tion of James Vere, Esq., from which our drawing
was taken, has as yet flowered." The gardener
to the gentleman named, who resided at Kensing-
ton Gore, Mr. D. Blake, grew the plant very suc-
cessfully, and was one of the first who forced the
Azalea, for on February i6th, 18 19, a specimen
was exhibited at one of the London Horticultural
Society's meetings "upwards of six feet high and
in full bloom." The variety figured had one
medium sized single deep red flower, giving a very
poor idea of the attractions that were to be after-
wards developed.

In 1 8 19 two other varieties were introduced from
China, by Barr & Brookes, nurserymen at Balls
Pond, through his collector, Mr. Poole, one known
as purpurea plena, the other as indica alba, both
considered valuable additions at that time, and
which may be still found in some collections. In
the following ten years several other forms were
introduced, some being described as species, but
all closely alUed to A. indica, such as aurantiaca
in 1822, phoenicea and variegata in 1824 ; lateritia
was introduced about the same time by a Mr. Mc-
Kelligan, and in 1830 Danielsiana, with others,
was brought over by Capt. Daniels to Mr. Tate of
Sloane street, Chelsea. — Abridged from Journal
of Horticulture.

Oso Berry. — This is said to be the common
name in Cahlornia of the Nuttallia cerasiformis. It
is an early flowering shrub, of the Rosaceous or-
der, and having very pretty white and early
flowers.

The Wood Anemone.— After patient waiting we
are so glad to see the Wood Anemone once more

1888.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

29

that we are hardly inchned to discuss the origin of
the name, Wind-flower, sometimes applied to the
plant. Our artist evidently approves of the term,
for he shows us the star-like blossoms driven by the
breeze. Prior, a scholar as well as a botanist,
accepts the derivation of Anemone from anemos —
wind, and narrates how the flower originated from
the tears shed by Venus over the dead body of
Adonis ; but we are so skeptical now-a-days that all
the writers, from Bion to Prior inclusive, would not
induce us to believe that except as a fairy tale.
Nor are we more inclined to believe that Pliny was
right when he said the flower was so named
because it never opens but when the wind is blow-
ing. All we know is that the wind has been blow-
ing pretty hard in our garden lately, but it is only
to day (April 20) when the wind has abated, that
we have noticed both single and double Wood
Anemones in flower. We return to Messrs. Britten
and Holland's Dictionary of Plant Names, in the
hope of getting information ; and so we do, for we
find our elegant little friend has no fewer than
eighteen synonyms ! We feel a grim satisfaction
at this, for profane Philistines, who like popular
names, are apt to poke fun at the botanists, not
only for the uncouthness of their nomenclature, \
but also for the profusion of their synonyms. Well, !
let us see how these things are managed by the
profane. Here is, first, the botanical name — Ane-
mone nemorosa, L. — two words known and accept-
ed all over the world, and capable of being referred
to in the books of all countries. That is the one
botanical name — now for the profane : — " Bow
Bells, Cowslip, Crowfoot (wood). Cuckoo flower,
Cuckoo-spit, Darn-grass, Drops of Snow, Enemy,
Granny's Nightcap, Jessamine (wild). Moon-flower,
Neminies, Smell Foxes, Smell Smock, Soldiers,
Underground (?), Wind-flower and Wind-plant."
Utrufn horum mavis accipe, we are inclined to
say, but don't bewilder us with any. — The Garden.

Colorado Blue Spruce. — As we feared, this
name is already leading to trouble in English
gardens.

The Engelmann spruce, and the Abies pungens
are both blue, and have become so confounded in
nurseries that, as the old play has it, it is hard to
tell tother from which. Abies pungens is the orig-
inal to which the term, Colorado Blue Spruce, was
applied. But the Menzies spruce from the Pacific
is quite as blue.

The Meaning of Anemone. — Referring to the
note on p. 543, asking why the Anemone was
called "Wind-flower," it may be remarked that

when we inquire why any flower was called by its
name we should be sure of two things— first, that
the flower to which we have attached the name is
the flower to which it was originally given ; and
secondly, that the assumed meaning of that name
is the correct meaning. Granting that the flower
we call the Anemone is that to which the ancients
— I will not say Greeks or Romans, but call them
Celts — gave the name, are we certain that it is de-
rived from anemos, wind ? May not its real deri-
vation be suggested by the specific name " nemo-
rosa," given to the type as descriptive of its habit ?
The root nemo, meaning grove or glade, is perhaps
as likely a derivation as anemo or animo, breath
or wind. The prefix "a" is often found in Greek
or Latin derivatives without any definite meaning.
So we have the Celtic xoo\.pen, height, becoming
in the names of mountains Pennine and Apennine ;
we have ped, flat, becoming/<?(f(7.y and apedos ; we
have phak, a leguminous vegetable, becoming
phakeTiXid. aphake, without difference of meaning ;
and many similar instances might be brought.
Thus, in forming the name of a flower, nemo may
have become anemo for euphony. Again, as to the
name "Wind-flower," the Anemone, I think, loves
shelter and hates wind; but our ancestors liked to
coin names which they supposed to be translations
of Greek and Latin names. We have many in-
stances of absurdity in such names. Not to repeat
what I lately said in a note about Lysimachia,
Loose-strife, we may mention Cow-berry, intended
for a translation of Vaccinium, thought to be de-
rived from vaccinus, of or belonging to a cow.
But Vaccinium is used by Virgil to translate into
Latin the Greek plant-name Hyacinthus or Vacin-
thus, and is believed by German philologists to be
a mere variation from the same root. — C. Wolley
Dad, in Gardeners' Chronicle.

"A Caspian Lily.— A still more pleasant after-
noon I spent in visiting the haunts of the far-famed
Nymph of the Caspian. Neither rock nor whirl-
pool besets the approach of this coy beauty, but
as the siren can be seen only in her bath, from the
luxurious heat of which she draws not a few of her
charms, one might well be led to prefer both Scylla
and Charybdis to the peril of the brink to which
this fascinator lures unsuspecting travellers at
Chyulpan. Yet the danger is much more apparent
than real. The Nympha Caspica has broken up
no households and precipitated no fratricidal wars;
the worst that can be said against her is that she
has planted a deep and never-to-be-satisfied long-
ing in the heart of botanical Europe. Men of
science, tender in their admiration of her beauty,
and wishing to see it flourish elsewhere, have car-
ried her virtues to foreign parts in vain. This tall,
lily-like flower, with its over flowing bulb of tender

30

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

[January,

pink, bearing its seeds in a puncture gourd, and
bathed far up its slender stem by a continual flow
of well-nigh Ijoiling water, mysteriously renewed —
this queen of desert, unpopulous Chyulpan, scat-
tering her perfume over land and sea, is the unique
product of unique conditions, and can no more be
transplanted than the Caspian itself."

The above is from a paper in the Atlantic
Monthly, by Edmund Noble, and we give it as a
companion piece to a selection from Bret Harte
recently. It is amazing that the editors of respect-
able magazines can pass such stuff. Few readers
probably know that the plant referred to is but the
Nelumbium speciosum. The form growing in the
Caspian has rather blunter petals than the other.
Even as a variety the Caspian Lily has often been
under culture.

To Remove Stains from the Hands.— After
gathering fruits or seeds, it is often difficult to get
the stains from the fingers. It is said that to rub
the flesh of a young pear will clean the fingers in
less than no time.

Plant Culture.— George H. : Please accept
thanks for the suggestion, which, as far as practi-
cable, shall be acted on.

The West Grove (Pa.) Experimental Farm.
— The State Experimental Farm at West Grove,
Pa., from which so much good to horticul-
ture as well as agriculture was once expected,
has been finally abandoned, and sold for $10,000
to Daniel Hood. The very large number of rare
trees collected by Thomas N. Harvey, ought to
give the spot arboricultural value, outside of a
mere piece of real estate.

Cozad's La Cygne Nurseries, Kansas. — La
Cygne is on the hne of the Kansas City, Fort
Scott and Gulf Railroad, a town of about 2000
inhabitants. Cozad's nurseries form one of its
chief industries, and are about one mile from the
town. Daniei Woodward Cozad, the proprietor,
was born in Fulton county, lUinois, in 1837.
When a young man he taught school in Kansas,
and subsequently acted as foreman in an lUinois
nursery. He permanently removed to Kansas in
1870, estabhshing a small nursery, near Trading
Port. In 1875, with hundreds of others, he was eaten
out of house and home by grasshoppers. With
Hon. A. G. Seaman, he subsequently established
the present business, who continued with him five
years. Though but a comparatively short time
established, the nurseries do a wholesale business
of about $20,000 a year.

The local papers speak highly of his honor and

integrity, and give him great praise for the part
he takes in building up the business interests of
his town.

Charles H. Marot.— The Editor is pained
to announce at the moment of going to press,
the death of the proprietor and publisher of the
Gardeners' Monthly, Mr. Charles H. Marot,
which occurred on the 21st inst., after a few days'
illness, in his 62nd year. At this late period in
the month, with the remains of the friend with
whom he has been associated for a quarter of a
century yet unburied, he can give no expression
to the sorrow he feels at his loss. But this hasty
paragraph is necessary to explain any delay that
may occur in the receipt of papers ordered through
club subscriptions. There will be no delay in the
prompt appearance of everything, and in the reg-
ular attendance to all matters of business as here-
tofore ; but in the confusion necessarily attendant
on so unexpected an event, this notice may ex-
plain any seeming delay that may possibly, though
not probably, occur.

Correspondents will please continue to address
Publisher of the Gardeners' Monthly, on mat-
ters of business, as heretofore.

Professor Asa Gray.— There will be sorrow
over the whole world at the news of the paralysis
that has stricken Professor Asa Gray, which at
his advanced years, 'j'j, must necessarily impair
his usefulness, if indeed he should recover at all.
So well is he known and beloved, that in almost
every household where these lines will be read, it
will seem hke the dropping out of a member of
the family. The sad news seemed scarcely cred-
ible ; only a few days before he passed through
Philadelphia with a flow of life and spirits, giving
hope of many happy days to come.

James Reid. — This admirable gentleman, well
known in connection formerly with the great
house of Peter Henderson & Co., but latterly in
business on his own account, died at his home on
the 17th of November. He was among the fore-
most in elevating floriculture to the high posi-
tion it now occupies in public estimation, and his
loss will be severely felt by his associates.

Edward Morris Davis. — This well known
pubhcist, whose death at "j^j, has recently been
announced, was also a famous amateur horticul-
turist. His grounds at Oak Lane, near Philadel-
phia, were well stocked with rare trees for which
he had a warm place in his heart. He was son-
in-law to Lucretia Mott, the philanthropist.

1888.1

AND HORTICULTURIST.

31

Garden and Forest. — Under this title a new
magazine, under the editorship of Prof. Sargent, is
talked of.

History of Horticulture in Michigan. —
Mr. T. T. Lyon, President of the State Horticultu-
ral Society. From Charles Garfield. In the East,
when there are any centennials or similar festivals,
horticulture usually takes a back seat. It is a
pleasure to see it take the prominence here it is
entitled to. It is not, however, surprising, for hor-
ticulture has probably done as much for Michigan
as any other industrial pursuits. If any one did
not know this before, a perusal of this history
would show it. It is much to be regretted that so
useful a work should have been sent out without
an index.

Man's Heredity from God. — By Rev. G. P.
Powell. New York, Messrs. Appleton & Co. This
deserves notice in this place, because the author
is a well-known lover of horticulture, and because
a large amount of material he has gathered to-
gether will be of great interest to the horticultu-

rists. The title is unfortunate. The author draws
together all the leading facts that have been placed
on record by scientific men, showing that plants
and animals have progressed from lower to higher
forms. The book is in fact a sort of encyclopcEdia
on this subject. He then shows that the mental
and whole moral nature of man has been similarly
evolved,— and that this view in no way controverts
the fact of immortality, or of man's direct heredity
from the great Author of all.

The number of facts in natural history touched
on by the author is so large that the reader finds
his thoughts wandering continually as he reads ; but
we take it the great end of the author is as we have
above expressed it.

Alabama as it is. — The Immigrant's and Cap-
italist's Guide Book to Alabama, by Dr. B. F.
Riley ; published by the State. A large book of
212 pages. It will be especially useful to those
interested in pushing horticultural industries.
Alabama is a particularly promising State for
these enterprises.

Horticultural Societies.

EDITORIAL NOTES.

Chrysanthemum Shows. — These seem to be
flowing like a tidal wave. Accounts are coming
to us from all quarters of shows that were held last
fall. We wish the secretaries would send us some-
thing more than merely who got the first premium,
the second premium, and the third premium. The
lists sent us would fill the whole number of the
monthly. We hate to throw aside what has given
so much trouble and kindness to send, but we can
only insert descriptions of the prize articles.

Judging by Ballot. — On account of the utter
folly of trying to please disappointed exhibitors by
getting the very best judges that could be procured,
a recent trial was made by an English society to
have the awards made by a ballot of the visitors.
The disappointed ones now desire to return to the
old system.

Justice to an Exhibitor. — We give the follow-
ing, though it is wholly anonymous, presuming that
the fact is as represented. At the same time it is
but justice to our reporter to say that he saw no
such name attached to the exhibit.

We believe the society does not attach exhibitors*
names to the exhibits, only numbers, and if the
exhibitors do not take interest enough in their own
exhibits to attach their names to them, it is hardly
fair to charge the reporter with injustice, because
he is left to guess at the owners, and then guesses
wrong. Why not let the society put the exhibitors*
names on the plants ?

Mr. Editor : I beg to correct a statement in
your Gardeners' Monthly of November, 1887,
in which you give Mr. Dreer the credit of a collec-
tion of annuals, Cockscombs, Gaillardias, &c. They
were grown and exhibited by Allan Barr, gardener
to T. W. Brown, near Villa Nova. I hope Mr.
Barr has a right to the merit due to him ; as much
so as any of the gardeners. Justice.

Nov. 29th, 1887.

Classes of Chrysanthemums. — In the old
world, the exhibits are arranged strictly in classes,
which helps the judges very much in their diffi-
cult task of deciding on the successful competi-
tors.

Dwarf CHRYSANTHEMUMS.-The English Chrys-
anthemum exhibition managers are offering premi-

32

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY

I January,

urns for dwarf varieties, with the idea of encour-
aging a race that will be serviceable to amateurs
with limited space. They also include a dwarf
stocky habit as one of the "points " for the judges
in ordinary varieties. The idea is worth extend-
ing.

A Fine Herbarium. — The annual report of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
shows that it now has 27,267 named species of
flowering plants and ferns, besides the collection
of the lower cryptogams, in its Herbarium. The
officers elected in charge of its botanical depart-
ment for the ensuing year are Dr. W. H. S.
Ruschenberger, director ; Thomas Meehan, vice-
director ; Dr. Charles Schaffer, recorder ; Isaac
C. Martindale, corresponding secretary and treas-
urer ; and John H. Redfield, conservator, on whom
the care of the magnificent collection of dried
plants chiefly falls.

American Horticultural Society. — Mr.
Parker Earle, Cobden, 111., says: " It is now defi-
nitely decided to hold the eighth meeting of A. H.
S. in Riverside, Cal., commencing on Tuesday,
February 14, 1888. Full particulars, giving rail-
road and hotel rates, programme, etc., given on
application. Perhaps no point on American soil
could have been selected for this meeting which
would have offered greater attractions to horticul-
turists than Riverside in particular, and southern
Cahfornia in. general. Eastern horticulturists
should avail themselves of this rare opportunity
of visiting California. The excursion in all its
features promises to be one of the most pleasant
and profitable of anything of its kind known to
horticulturists.

"Preliminary to taking this trip it will be neces-
sary for all who go to become members of the
society. Two dollars ($2.00) is the fee of mem-
bership which should be sent to the Secretary.
This will secure all the privileges of the excursion,
and a copy, free by mail, of the proceedings of
the meeting when pubhshed. As a further and
special inducement, each new member will be fur-
nished, free, a copy of Volume II of the society's
transactions, so long as the limited edition lasts."

State Horticultural Association of Penn-
sylvania.— The 29th Annual Meeting of this So-
ciety will be held at Lebanon, Pa., on Wednesday
and Thursday, January l8th and 19th, 1888. Ar-
rangements will be made for special rates at the
hotels, and excursion tickets will be issued by the
Cornwall and Lebanon, Philadelphia and Reading,
and Penn'a Railroads ; good from Tuesday, Janu-

ary 17th, to Saturday 21st, both inclusive. Persons
coming by Penn'a R. R. will reach Lebanon via
Conewago, at which point connection is made
with the Cornwall & Lebanon R. R. Those pur-
chasing tickets to Conewago only, can procure ex-
cursion tickets at that point to Lebanon and return,
upon application to the ticket agent at that place.
On the Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia and Read-
ing Railroads, tickets can be obtained only upon
presentation of card orders which will be mailed
upon application to the undersigned. In sending
for orders please name route you propose to take.
We anticipate a full and interesting meeting.
State Botanist Thomas Meehan hopes to be pres-
ent on this occasion. All are cordially invited.
Program will be issued later. E. B. Engle, Sec-
retary, Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pa.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society. —
The Chrysanthemum show of November loth
was much superior to that of last year. The grand
collection of the president. Dr. H. P. Wolcott, was
not placed in competition. A very fine white seed-
ling, called Mrs. Gane, was much admired. One
of the interesting novel features of the exhibition
was the arrangement of plants by E. Fewkes and
Son, so as to represent a huge pyramid or, more
properly speaking, a cone. The seedlings offered
for the first time were numerous, — a pretty yellow
from Fewkes, called President Hyde, having many
favorites among the audience.

W. J. Martin, gardener to Nathaniel Kidder,
Esq., had standards, the stems being 6 feet high.
They were considered equal in successful culture
to any of this class grown in any part of the world.
A collection direct from Japan, by Messrs. Fewkes,
attracted much attention. Mr. Gilmore varied the
attractions by a splendid collection of orchids, in
which a plant of the celebrated VandaSanderiana
was conspicuous.

Among pears, the old Duchess, Langelier, and
Winter Nelis seemed the favorites, — and Tomp-
kins County King among the apples. As some
idea of the excellent manner in which exhibitors
sustain the Massachusetts Society, we may say
that the list of successful exhibitors to whom
awards were made, occupies a half column of close
print in the Boston papers.

The Iowa State Horticultural Society, will
hold its annual meeting at Des Moines, on the
17th, i8th, 19th and 20th of January. C. G. Patten,
of Charles City, is president, and Geo. Van Hou-
tin, of Lenox, secretary. An unusually spirited
programme is^presented.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Day Street, NEW YORK.

TREE SEEPS AND STOCKS^

We have now a Catalogue ready of Seeds of Trees, Shrubs and Fruit Stocks, that
are ready for Spring sowing, which will be sent free to all applicants.

Among these are limited supplies of Apple, Pear, Plum, Mazzard and Mahaleb Seeds
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We have also limited supplies of Mahaleb, Plum, Pear and second-class Mazzard
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FLOWER SEEDS

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C«ntaurea gymnocarpa, per 1000 seeds 75

Lobelia £rina8. Crystal Palace, per trade pkt 30

Smilax. peroz»1.76; per J^ lb '..S6.00

Mignonette, Miles' Spiral per oz. .75

Terbenas, Dreer's Choicest Mixed " 4.00

Nasturtium, Golden Feather, Torenia, Ten-Week
Stocks, Vinca, Phlox, Maurandia, and all other
Seeds for present Sowing, send for Price List.

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714 Cliestcat Street, Philadelphia.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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IMPROVED

I SASH-RAISIN6 APPARATUS.

^ Lifling-RoiJs fa Sashes,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

F.ve s..es. New Patterns ,877 j^g^Q^ ^i^h References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

^ ORLEANS, FRANCE, ^

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1886 and 1887

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kiihne,

5 & 7 S. William St., New York.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Fruit Tree Stocks, which are unusually fine and cheap thUi
season ; an extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and Hardy Ornamental Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and Best
Conifers and Roses on their own Roots. Also, Small Conifers, Deciduous and Fvergreen Ornamental Tre«Sf
1 and 2 years* Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

-^~ N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. tnS

SPECIAL NOTICE.-The Price of the GARDENERS' CHRONICLE is now reduced to

Three Pence.

" First to our hand come the home journals, among which the ably conducted Gakdenees' CHRONiciiE worthily
holds the lead, as it has now done tor more than a generation."— The .Iournal of Forestry.
" Energetic, yet conservative ; the Gardeners' Chronicle has become useful and popular everywhere."

Hon. Marshall Wilder, Boston, U. 8.
"Forgive me if I pay a compliment to the way the Chronicle is edited. It is ably and well managed."— An Orchtdist

The: GJLFiOS^M'ER.S' CHCFtONICZ^E:

("THE TIMES OF HORTICULTURE.")

A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL. ESTABLISHED 1841.

Every Friday, price Threepence ; post free, to America, Fourpence.

The Gardeners' Chronicle has been for nearly fifty years the leading journal of its class.

It has achieved this position because, while specially devoting itself to supplying the daily requirements of garden-
ers of all classes, much of the information furnished is of such geiieral and '^permanent value, that the Gardeners'
Chronicle is looked up to as the standard authority on the subjects on which it treats.

CIRCULATION.
Its relations with amateur and professional gardeners and with the Horticultural Ti-ade of all countries, are of a
specially extensive character.

CONTRIBUTORS.
Its contributors comprise the leading British Gardeners and many of the most eminent men of science at hom©
and abroad.

ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Gardeners' Chronicle has obtained an international reputation for the accuracy, permanent utility and
artistic effect of its illustrations of plants. These illustrations, together with the original articles and monographs, render
the Gardeners' Chronicle an indispensable work of reference in all garden reading-rooms and botanical libraries.

SUPPLEMENTS.
Double-page engravings, lithographs, and other illustrations of large size, are frequently given as Supplementfl,
•without extra charge.

The Gardeners' Chronicle for December 2.5, 1886, will contain a Beautifully Colored Sheet Almanac (13x19).

ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

The United Kingdom : 12 months, 15s.; 6 months, 7s. 6d.; 3 months, 3s. 9d. Post free.

Foreign Subscriptions (•xcepting India and China), Including postage, 17s. 6d. for twelve months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

P.O.O.to be made payable at43DruryLane, London, to W. Kicharrts. Cheques i^hould be crossed "Drummond."

Telegraphic Address— GARDCH RON, LONDON.

OFFICE: 41 WELLINGTON STREET. STRAND, LONDON, W. C.

Agent for America— Mr. C. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U. S. A.

12 Months Subscription to America, S4.30; India and China, $5.00.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Souses, For~

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

D.i)L\riD SIMEIT-XX,

8G BEV^ERLY STREET,

myl^ BOSTON, IMC ASS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

LEN AULT - HUET

NURSERYMAN,
USSY, (CALVADOS) FRANCE.

SPECIAL OFFER AT REDUCED PRICES.

ALL ORDERS ARE TO BE FORWARDED TO

MR. C. RAOUX, 296 Pearl St., N. Y. City.

-CATALOGUES FREE BY POST.-

Prices, ^ 100,000

Cerasus avium, 2 years, 5 to 8 mirrs S160.00

" " 2 " 4to6 " 80.00

" Mahaleb, 2 yrs., transplanted, 6 to 10 mllr's 160.00

" " 1 year, 5 to 10 mil' rs 132.00

" " 1 " 5to8 " 123.00

" " 1 " 3to5 " 67.00

" " 1 " to transplant 33.00

Cydonia communis, t'p'd cuttings, 7 to 12 mU'rs 640.00

" " " " 6 to 12 " 450.00

Prunus Nlyrobolan, 1 year, 5 to 8 mll'rs 200.00

" " 1 " 4to8 " '177.00

Prunus Myrobolan
Malus communis,

Pyrus,

Prices, ^ 100,000

1 year, 2d selection SISO.OO

year, 5 to 8 mll'rs 320.00

" 4to7 " 176.00

" 3to4>^" 70.00

" to transplant 46.00

" 6to 10 mll'rs 400.00

" 6to8 " 3O7.0O

" 5to8 " 250.00

" 5to6 " 160.00

" 3to4i^ " 66.0O

" to transplant 40.00

FRUIT TREE STOCKS

VERY FINE

VERY CHEAP

Per 100,000

Qalnce, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 8 70.00

" No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs 50.00

" " 2,3to5mll'rs 30.00

Fears, Extra Fine, 7 mll'rs and over 80.00

" No. 1, 6 mll'rs and over 70.00

" " 2,4to6mll'rs 30.ro

" " 3, 3 to 4 mll'rs, to be transplanted 20.00

Apples, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 65.00

" No. 1, 5 to 7 mll'rs 40.00

" Extra, transplanted, 8 mll'rs and over 80.00

" No. 1, 6 to 8 mll'rs 60.00

" Doucin, Paradise, Extra 60.00

" " " No.l 40.00

Prunns St. Jalien, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 50.00

Per lOO.COO

Fmnas St. Jalien, No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs $ 35.C0

" " Fine Standards, Extra, 8 mll'rs and

over 150.00

" " No. 1, 6 to 8 mll'rs 100.00

" Mirobolan, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 30.00

" " No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs 20.00

" " " 2, 3 to 4 mll'rs 15.00

" " Transplanted, Extra, 7 mll'rs & over 40.00

No. 1,5 to 7 mll'rs... 25.00

Cerasus avium. Extra, 7 mll'rs and over 50.00

" " No. 1, 5 to 7 mll'rs 30 00

" Mahaleb, Extra, 6 mli'rs and over 20.00

" " No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs 16.00

" 2, 3to4mll'rs 13.00

I will send on demand prices for Assortments of 5,0C0, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 Stocks franco New York free of
any charges, packing included. Roses on own roots, Manetti or Briar. Standards, very fine; Half Standards, low
budded ; New Varieties. 200,000 disposable, very cheap. Forest Trees, Young Seedling Stocks, Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs. Young Stocks disposable by millions. Very reduced prices.

TO n ORIQTQ New Variety of Lily of the Valley,
■ vyrl-v/riiOlw Convallaria majalis grandiflora (true.)

This quite new variety has very large flowers, and is quite superior to the old variety. Mr. E. Carriere, in the
Revue Horticole, says in its report on the Paris Exhibition of May, 1885 : " I will call particularly the attention of Florists
to this fine new variety of Convallaria, which is quite distinct from the old variety, by its very large flowers, nearly double
in size, which make it very superior. This fine novelty will be a very precious plant for all Florists."

The Convallaria majalis grandiflora (true) has been awarded a FIRST PRIZE
at the Paris Bxhibi- PPIpC Per doz., $2.50; per 25 plants, $4 ; per 100 plants,
tion of May, 1885. miUC. $12 ; per 500 plants, $45. NOTE.— All orders and
correspondence must be directed directly to [established 1827.]

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), pres Paris, France.

ONLY MONEY MATTERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers. Messrs. JOHN MONROE & CO., 32 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Chiaranteed to he the Most Powerful, Durable and Eco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

"We are also manufacturing; all tlie varions sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &o.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List,

aptf

1173 South Ninth Street,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTUPIAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmed !oi Water Boilers

FOR ZZEZ/SLTINrCt

MMm, draperies, Conmatories, Fropaptii Houses, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY. BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. AU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXJSirrSSS DIFIECTOFIY.

Send for conditions of insertion under this heading;
THOMAS MEEHAN,

P. i. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Orn; ■ , „ , t>v..

Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta. Ga. 06 } N ursery man & Tree Seeds, Germant n, Pml.

JNO. CURWEN, JR., Shrubbery, Herba-
ceous Plants, Bulbs, &c., Villa Nova, Pa.

H. L.WHEATLEY.Trees— Fruit & Ornamen-
tal, Shrubs, Figs, &c., Altamonte, Fla. autt

J.

BI.OOMSBURG. PA.

■ GROWEtl OF

Choice Cut Flowers,

ROSES AND VERBENAS.

Correspondence solicited. tmyl2

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)
jal2 BOSTON, WIASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

TO ALL PESTIFEROUS INSECTS!

Rose Tobacco Insecticide Soap.

For Flowers, Plants, Trees and Animals. Recommended
by the first authorities in the country. Thoroughly effec-
tive, and will not injure the softest growth. Sample. sufiB-
cient for three gallons of water, sent by mail on receipt of
20 cents.

ROSE MFG. CO.,

s5 17 S.William St., New York.

JOHN S. BXTSZI,

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, New York City,

CHOIC£ SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENTHGUSK
PLANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS, PAXMS and
FERNS, tauia

LARGEST COLLECTION IN AMERICA. Cheap as Good Roses.

Enclose stamp for Catalogue, which will give practical
instructions how to grow these Queens of Flowers.

BRACKENRIDGE & CO.,

(Snccessors to A. BRACKE VRIDGE,)

Estab. 1854. Rosebank Nurseries. Govanstown, Bait. Co., Md-

Meotioa this paper

PHILADELPHIA

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America tor John Watterer
<fe «ons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. Prices 83 to 812 per
dozen , S15 to 875 per hundred, freight from England added.
Standard-" and specimens, $2 to $15 each. Small orders filled
from stock in our nursery. ( irders of 125 and upwards may
be selected from Messrs. Watterer's catalogue, the largest
and best collection in the world, and will be shipped in our
care direct from England. Orders taken now tor spring
' deliverv. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Fuu
I particulars and our superb illustrated catalogue of Rosea,
I Hardy Plants and Bulbs sent Jree.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORI-»TS.
SEEUSMKN AND NURSERYMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can coni))ete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

B. A.

ELLIOTT CO.,

PITTSBURG, PA.

10,000 riNE CLUMPS 10,000

Spiraea Japonica

» , - AT Sl'ECIAL PRICE.

Address,

C HC. JOOSXEKT,

Importer of Plants,
dtf 3 COENTIES SLIP, N. Y. CITY.

TRY

DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

:) PLANTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. They
■f iffe the Best at the liOwest Prices.
Calendar for 1887 sent for 6c. in stamps

ENRYA.DREER

714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS,

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Rhododenrons, Camellias,
Orchids, Palms and General Earopeau Stoclc. Apply to

A. VAN GEERT,

mhtf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

B I C O F F E R we VTS »

1,1 00 Self-Operating Washing Machines. If you want
one send us v<nir name, P. O. and express office at
once. THE NATIONAL CO., 33 I>ey St.,N.T. a6

BLUEBERRY,

A valu.Tble fruit to grow for pleasure
or profit. Price list free to all. An
agent wanted in everv town. Complete outfit furnished
free. Address. WILLOW RipGE FRUIT FARM,
ja2 Portland, Mich.

The ORCHARD HOUSE

OR THE

Cultivation of Fruit Trees Under Glass.

Edited and arranged by T. Francis Rivers, 2()6 pages, 12mo,
cloth, lllustiated. Mailed, po-t-paid. for S2.(iO. Address,
CHAS. a. MAROi', «14 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RARE TREES AND SHRUBS.

The efforts of a few leading nurserymen to
gardens, are more and more appreciated by the
there is than the mo-
lists afford. Among
of articles we grow,
mand for the Cornus
have thousands of
large white bracts, so
ways appreciated in
have its lovely red hol-
long into the Winter,
ceed the brilliancy of
Fall. It is commonly
Flowering Dogwood;
weeping variety, that
We are still pres-
the Blood-leaved
Fuchsia Wiegela, or
Japan Snowball;
other lovely things,
trated retail catalogue

Those who desire small stock of Evergreen

introduce the pleasure of beautiful variety to
people, who only want to know what more
notony of the pedlars'
the thousand or more
there is a growing de-
Florida, of which we
plants to offer. Its
like real flowers, are al-
early Spring ; then we
ly-like berries, lasting
while nothing can ex-
its colored leaves in
known as the White
and then we have the
has become so popular,
sing on public attention
Japan Maple ; the
Wiegela floribunda,
White Fringe ; and
about which our illus-
will explain,
or other Trees and Shrubs, in large quantities

for Parks or Cemeteries, or to sell again, will be liberally dealt with.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantown, Phila.

Wliat Mr. Beyer says:„;5^,

bcBt thanks for the splendid seeds received from your firm.
It would be a rather lengthy list if I should name all, but
willsaythatamougstSS first, and 3 second premiums
awarded nie at our fairs in Northern Indiana and
Southern Michigan, 28 first premiums were for vege-
tables raised from your seeds. What firm can beat
this? " August Beyer, So. Bend, Ind.

Seed of this quality I am now ready to sell to every one
who tills a farm or plants a garden, sending them FREE my
egetable and Flower Seed Catalogue, for 18S7. Old customers
need not write for it. I catalogue this season the native wild
potato. JAS. J. H. GREGORY, Seed Grower, Marblehead, Mass.

600 ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREESMPLANTS

We offer for the Fall trade a large and fine stock of
every description of FRUT and Uriiaiiiental
TlfEKS, Shrubs, Koses, Vines, SUALI.
FR I ITS, He<l«:u Plants, Fruit Tree Seetl-
linKS,and Forest Tree Sceillincis. Priced Cata-
logue. Fall 1886, mailed free on application. Address

BLOOMINGTON(PH(£NlX)NURSERY

Established 1862. BLOOlUlNCiTON, ILX..

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi3 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

ORPEFS

GARDEN

FARMand

FLOWER

slsewhere. Send a

address on a postal for

FARM ANNUAL FOR 1887

Will be sent FKFE to all who write for it. It is |
a llanilsoine Book of 128 pafres, with
hundreds of illustrations, three COIiORED
PI.ATKS, and tells aU about the BEST
Rill RC PI AMTC Tliorougbbred stock
PULDO) rLAn I O, and Fancy Poultry.
It describes liare Novelties in Vegetables and
f Flowers of real value, which cannot be obtained |

^.^^^^^^.^.^^lt^roTuel.^af6^Z W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.PHILADELPHIA.PJ.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

We have the largest stock of imported and self-grown
roses. Our self-grown roses are ready for shipment now.
Our Imported rose.bashes are ready for shipment by end
of November. We can ship at any time all during this wmter.
We keep our roses in cellars free from frost, thus enabling
us to ship in the coldest weather any time when plants are
wanted. We ship by express as there is no danger of plants
getting frozen. Catalogue on application. Our roses are
two and three years old, out-door grown and well branched.
This offer does not include the new roses of '84, '85, '86.
Lowest cash prices for the trade.
100 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind $10.00
100 Teas, purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind 12.00
1,000 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind 95.00

ICOH. P., not less than 10 of a kind 8.00

Lily of the Valley, strong forcing pips, 810.00 per 1,000,
895.00 per 10,000.

Mr. John Henderson's Foundling, Papa Gontler, dark
crimson Tea-rose ; 1 plant, 50c.; 12 plants, S5.00. Cash must
accompany all orders.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

Box 78. College Point, L. i.

msorSlHamlin

ORGANS.

Highest Honors at all Great WorUl's Exliibitions for
Tiineteen years. 100 styles, $2'j to $9(W. For Cash, Easy
Payments, or Rented. Catalogue, 46 pp., 4to, free.

PIANOS.

The Improved Method of Stringing, introduced and
T)erfected by Mason & Hamlin, is conceded by com-
jietent judges to constitute a radical advance in Piano-
forte construction.

Do not lequire one-qunrter as much tuning as '.
generally. Descriptive Catalogue hy mail.

QRGAN&PIAMCfl

154 Tremont St., Boston. 149 Wabash Ave., CMoago.
n3 46 E. 14th St. (Union Sq.), N. Y.

DiriliriMirCQ its causes, and a new and successful
I-rinitOO CUKE at your own home, by one
who was deaf twenty-eight years. Treated by most
of the noted specialists without benefit. Cured himself
in three months, and since then hundreds of others. Full
particulars sent on application.
n6 T. S. PAGE. No. 41 West 31st St., New York City.

TREES

I887-SPRINC-I887I

Now la the time to prepare I
your orders for new and rare
Fruit anil Ornamentnl

Trees, Shrubs, Evergreeas,
Roses, Grape Vines, etc. Be-
sides many Desirable Novelties, we offer the largest
and most complete general stock in the U. 8. Cata-
logues sent to all regular customers free. To others :
No. 1, Fruits, 10c. ; No. 2, Ornamental Trees, etc., lllus-
tratec', 15c.; No. 3, Strawberries ; No. 4, Wholesale: No

5.Ro»es,free. ELLWANGER & BARftV,

Mt. Hope Nurseries, Rocliester, N. Y.

TRE£S and PLANTS by MAIL.

NCJE;

GRAPE VINES,
RASPBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES

MEECH'S PROLIFIC QUIl

LAWSON, KIEFFER, DC A DC

and LECONTE rCZ-VrSO,

NIAGARA " "

EMPIRE STATE
SOUHEGAN

AND MARLBORO
MAT KING

AND JEWELL

A COMPLETE STOCK of everything desirable to plant. Send

liately for price list and cirtulars. Address,

WJEST JEKSEV NURSfcJRY CO., Bridgeton, N. J.

RaPTORE"

Have you heard of the astounding reduction for DR.
d. A. SHERMAN'S Famous Home Treatment, the only
Icnown guarantee comfort and cure without operation
or hindrance from labor! No steel or iron bands. Per-
tect retention night and day, no chafing, suited to all
ages. Now SIO only. Send for circular of measure-
ments, instructions and proofs. Get cured at home and
be happy, office !i9i Broadway, New Yorlc.

SWEET FLORIDA ORANGES FREEH

I am anxious to make Northern and Eastern people famil-
iar with Florida through the columns of the Fi^orida Dis-
patch, a 20-page Agricultural and Horticultural Weekly,
82 per year. I will give to any person sending Five yearly
subscriptions, one box, regulation size, holding from 150 to
200 CHOICE SWEET ORANGES, FREE, delivered on
board the cars. Sample copies Dispatch furnished on ap-
plication. CHAS. W. DaCOSTA, Publisher. Jacksonville, Fla.

Refers to Hon. J. C. Greeley. President Fla. Savings Bank,
A. M. Ives, Manager Fla. Fruit Bxchanse, W. E. Simpson,
Real Estate. Jacksonville. Fla. 4®='Correspondence seliclted.

DO YOU- WAhJT A DQG

^ DOC BUYERS' GUIDE.

Colored plates, lOO eiigraving^s I
of different breeds, prices they are I
worth, and where to buy them I
Mailed for 15 t!ents. ]

ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
237 S. Eighth St. Philadelphia, Fa.]

W. W. RAWSON & CO.

34 Sonth Market St., Boston, Mass.,

Importers and Growers of Garden, Field and Flower Seeds.

SCCCeSSOBS TO

B. K. BLISS & SONS, formerly of Few Tork.

OUK New Catalogne for 18S7, beautifully iUuetratcd, with two
large colored plates and many choice engraviE
8x 11 inches, will be sent to our customers of last ;

NEW BOOK ON GARDENING.

large colored plates and many choice engravings, 92 pages,
■■" ■ s of last year, aleo to

fbrmer cuBtomere of B. K. Bliss u Sons, wiUjout charge— to all
otliers upon receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which will be refunded
with first order. B. K. BLISS, survivmg partner of above
firm, is with us, and will give his personal attention to orden
from tlieir former customers.

fiUCCESS In Market Oardeniag andTegetable Grower's Manual, by W. "W. Eawson, Practical Market

Qatdener. The most instmctire work of the kind ever published, full of important information to market gardeners and

■ o to all growers of vegetables in large or small quantities. 180 pa^es, fully illustrated, sent post-paid by mail, upon receipt of $100,

fie:x«d notes

ON

APPLE CULTURE.

BY L. H. BAILEY, JR.

90 pages. I2mo cloth. Illustrated.

Mailed postpaid on receipt of 75 cents.

CH4.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

psjLcis cui^txjre:.

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.
Comprisingthe experiences of many of the largest growers
in the country; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward off and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 ceaU
by mail, postpaid. Address :

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TOPICAL SCRAP-BOOK SYSTEM.

The Need of it.

Articles of grreat value are constantly appearing in the
secular and religious periodicals, and any one who does not
save valuable newspaper matter is losing a great deal. The
words of One wiser than Solomon are pertinent here —
" Gather up the fragments that remain that nothing be
lost."

But all the methods for preserving newspaper clippings
previously in use, have serious d-/ccts — take too much time
\.ofindihetn, to/old, re-fold and replace them, and are not
handy for rapid reference. Now the

Topical Scrap-Book System
doesaway with all these difficulties. With this library any
literary person secures, in handsome form and at his fingers'
ends, a systematic classification of all valuable newspaper
matter. It is not one or two scrap-books filled with all
sorts of matter, but

A "Separate" Scrap Book
for each important subject, made expressly for the purpose ^
with the title lettered on the back. (See cut above.)

Its Advantages.

ist. All the matter upon any given subject is collected
together, and can be found in a moment.

ad. It saves time. There is no hunting to be done, or
folding, refolding or replacing. A touch of mucilage at
the tofand botto>n of an article, and it is in its place. This
permits them to be removed when no longer desired, or
parts of them to be cut out for platform or other use.

3d. // is handy for suggestion^ as well as for reference.
A feature possessed by no other system. A book on any
subject may be taken down and glanced over at will.

4th. It is convenient in size, being no larger than an
ordinary hand volume, 6J^ by 10 inciies, yet large enough
to preserve any amount of material, containing 120 pages.

5th, A handsome addition to the book shelves, filling
them with a fine set of leather-backed books, looking like a
finely bound Encyclopaedia, and they are nothing less than
that when filled with choice cuttings.

6th. And cheap beyond example. A big point, for it
enables a man to have a Library of .such books, instead of
the usual one or two, and at a small outlay.
The Titles.

We put upon the books anv titles you may want. The
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1. Illustrations. 3. Temperance. 3. Mis-
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30. Health.

Views of Eminent Persons who have Used them.
Hon. Andrew D. White.

President of the Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
It seems to me that you have hit upon an admirable-
thing. My only wonder is that of Columbus companions
in the setting up of the e:^g — namely, that no one had done
so good and simple a thing before.

Rev. W. M. Taylor, D. D„ LL. D.

Pastor Broadway Tabernacle, N. Y.
I received your specimen copy, and have been so much
pleased with it, and with your whole plan, that I beg now
to enclose check that you may send me twelve volumes with
the titles indicated below. I have lost a great deal for lack
of such a series of books.

Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.

Pastor First Baptist Church, Philadelphia, Pa.
You have reduced the idea of a Scrap-Book to a perfect
system. I do not see how anything in this line could be
simpler, more complete, cheaper, or more valuable.

Rev. George F. Pentecost, D. D.

Pastor Thompkins Ave. Congregational Church, Brooklyn,
Please send me ten volumes of your Scrap-Books, with
titles as I have selected. I have used many scrap-book sys-
tems, but have abandoned all in turn, because they were alt
complicated, or else without system. I believe yours to be
the best extant.

From the " Examiner," New York.

We have received a specimen of the " Scrapi-Book Li-
brary" for inspection. It is the cheapest, most convenient
and best contrived plan for permanently preserving news-
paper clippings that we have ever seen. In its special field
this series of books is without a peer

Price.
The volumes are put at the tnarvelously low price
of 75 cents each.

1st. We will send sample volume, with any title
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we will refund the amount paid for it less the
postage.

2d. If you order a half dozen, after you obtain
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3d. If you order twelve volumes we will give
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■ i

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

1$

^^<^ O- ^!^., v^vi'ul-'^^

CULTIVATORS of Flowers, Fruits and
Vegetables, for pleasure or profit, in
garden, greenhouse, conservatory, win-
dow-box, orchard, vineyard, lawn and kitchen-
garden, find an ever-ready helper in The
American Garden, an illustrated monthly
journal of horticulture.

In 1887 will appear special illustrated arti-
cles on Tested Fruits and Plants; on Famous
Country Places ; on the Gardens, Work and
Methods of Practical Horticulturists; on the
Rose, Chrysanthemum, Narcissus, Gladiolus,
etc.; on Landscape Gardening; also on Women
in Horticulture, Education, etc.

Its pages are the work of practical men and
women in all sections.

Price, ;^2.oo a year; with Gardeners*
Monthly, ^3.00; or with any ^1.50 standard
book as a gift; or any ^^i.oo paper as a gift.

E. H. LIBBY,

No. 47 Dey Street,

New York.

One of the Fullest, Freshest, and Most Valuable Hand-
books of the Age. Indispensable to Every
Practical Man. Just Keady.

The Techno-Chemical Receipt Book

Containing several thousand Receipts covering the Latest,
Most Important, and Most Useful Discoveries in Chemical
Technology, and their Practical Application in the Arts and
the Industries. Edited chiefly from the German of Drs.
Winckler, Eisner, Heintze, Mierzinski, Jacobsen, Keller,
»nd Heinzerling, with additions by William T. Brannt,
Graduate of the Royal Agricultural College of Eldena,
Prussia, and William H. "Wahl, Ph.D. (Held.) Secretary of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; author of "Galvano-
plastic Manipulations." Illustrated by 78 engravings. One
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and argreat variety of matter. Frice, fS.OO, free of postage
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AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

BtGbof
Missouri

Gborgb Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University ol
' iwith contributions from well-known Grape Growers, si vine
A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.
IDustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.60. Mailed pott-paid
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GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS

BY peter HENDERSON,

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
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Ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion Grow-
ing.—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.— Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
$1.50 ; by mail, post paid. Address,

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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

Br Shiblev Hibbebd.

A handy guide to the constrnction and management of plant
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colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
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SECOND-HAND BOOKS

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SPEAK QUICKLY IF YOU WANT THEM.

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Allen's Domestic Animals

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Bridgeman's American Kitchen Gardener

British Sea-Weeds, 24 col'd plates, Landsborough

Butler's Family Aquarium

Coultas' Principles of Botany

Downing's R ural Essays

Emmon'8 Agriculture of N. Y., 3 vols. 4to, plates, &e.

Ferns of Kentucky, Williamson

Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Gardener's Companion. .

Gordon's Pinetum

Guide to the Orchard, Floy

Half -hours in the Green Lanes, Taylor, Illustrated

Harris on Injurious Insects, colored plates

Hayne's American Farrier

Herbert's Amaryllidaceae, 48 full page plates

Hey's Mrs., Sylvan Musings, 23 col. plates, full calf .. . .
Hoffey's N. A. Pomologist (Dr. Brinkle) 36 col. plates,

Quarto

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Kilppart's Land Drainage

Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Fl'rs, col. plates, full calf.
Lee's Mrs., Trees, Plants & Flowers, col. plates, cloth.

Lindley's Theory and Practice of Horticulture

" Vegetable Kingdom over 500 Ulus. }i calf. . .

Lyman's Cotton Culture

MacDonald's Food from the Far West

Merrick's Strawberry Culturist

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100

50
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300
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1 10

2 00
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Mcintosh's Orchard, with colored plates 8 08

Minot's Land and Game Birds of Mew England, Ill'd.. 2 80

New American Gardener 75

Parlor Gardener ; Home Culture of Ornamental Plants 1 00

Paxton's Hort. Register, 2 vols, in one (1831-1833) 1 00

Philadelphia Business Directory, 1884, Boyd 75

Prince on the Vine 75

Prince's Pomological Manual 75

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 25

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden, cloth 2 25

M tky, gilt edges 2 50

Riddell's Architect, folio, 14}^'xl7K (col. plates) 10 00

Stewart's Stable Book 1 25

Studies, by J. A. Dorgan 75

Talpa, or Chronicles of a Clay Farm 75

Taylor's Bee Keeper' s Manual, Illustrated 1 50

The Plant, a Biography, 5 col. plates and 13 wood eng's 2 50

Thompson's, The Food of Animals 75

Thomas' Fruit Culturist 176

Todd's How to Make Farming Pay 2 00

Turner's Cotton Planter' s Manual 1 10

Vegetable (111. Library of Wonders) Dr. Scheie de

Vere, 61 Illustrations 2 00

Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler 1 60

Waring's Elements of Agriculture 75

Williams' Window Gardening 1 26

Woodruff's Trotting Horses of America 2 00

Wood's Insects at Home (over 700 Illustrations, 670 p.) 4 00

Young Angler Illustrated 76

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Half-Hours in the Green Lanes 2.00

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Hand Book of British Mosses, Berkeley, illustrated... 8.60

Handy Book of the Flower Garden, Thomson 3.76

Hardy Flowers, Robinson 1.55

Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Sutherland.. 2.75

Horticultural Buildings, Fawkes, 126 Illustrations 1.75

Johnson's Gardeners' Dictionary 8.00

Language and Sentiment of Flowers 1.25

Lindley's Treasury of Botany, 2 vols., illustrated 6.00

Loudoun's Encyclopedia of Plants 13.50

Low's Ferns of Great Britain. 8 vols., J^ tky 80.00

Manual of the Conif era*, illustrated, Veitch 3.00

Microscopic Fungi, illustrated, Cooke 2.50

Mushroom Culture, Robinson 75

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright 60

New and Rare Beautiful Leaved Plants, Hibberd 12.50

Nicholson's Dictionary of Gardening, vol., lillustrated 5.00

Orchid Growers Manual, 6th ed 6.60

Orchids for Amateurs, Britten & Gower 8.00

Orchids, Louis Castle 80

Parks and Gardens of Paris, Robinson 7.60

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plates 7.00

" Roses and Rose Culture 50

" RosesinPots 1.00

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary 10.00

Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers 8.75

Rivers' Orchard House 2.00

Select Ferns and Lycopods, Williams 2.50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson 3.75

Sylvan Spring, colored plates. Heath 5.00

Tree Planter, Wood 1.00

TreePruner, Wood 1.00

Vegetable Garden, Robinson, profusely illustrated . . . 6.00

Vegetable World, Figuier, 470 Illustrations, in calf. . . . 6.00
Walton & Cotton's Complete Angler, octavo, 60 plates 4.00

Wayside Weeds, Thomson 2.60

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Artof Grafting and Budding 1.25

Asparagus Culture, Robinson 50

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates. Heath 5 .75

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Book about Roses, S. Reynolds Hole 3.75

Botanist's Pocket Book, Hayward 1.75

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British Ferns, illustrated 3.2.5

British Mosses, illustrated 3.25

British Sea Weeds, colored illustrations, Gray 3.25

British Sea Weeds, colored illus., Landsborugh 12.00

Bulbs and Bulb Culture, Fish 2.00

Cactaceous Plants, Loviis Castle 50

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants, 2 vols. , Williams 5.00

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Chrysanthemum, The, Fish 25

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Descriptive and Analytical Botany, Le Maout & De-

caisne, (Hooker) 12.50

Dictionary of the English Names of Plants, Miller 5.00

English Flower Garden, Robinson, illustrated 6.00

Fawkes' Horticultural Buildings 1.75

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Field Flowers, Hibberd 1.50

Flowering Plants, Grasses and Ferns of Great Britain,

Pratt. 6 vols., 319 colored plates 32.50

Flowers and Gardens, N otes on Plant Beauty 1 .60

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Fruit Culture under Glass, Thomson 3.75

Garden Receipts, Quin 90

Gilpins' Forest Scenery 3.00

Gordon's Pinetum 6.00

Greenhouse and Stove Plants. Baines 3.50

Qreenhouse Favorites, splendid colored Illustrations. . 12.60

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

JUST PUBLISHED.

The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, ^.L.S., F.RH.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together with

Blocks illustrative of types of the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-moclelled and re-
vised up to the present time, aud has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms ; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly- Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Potting Terrestrial Orchids. Mode of Inducing
Back Growths, watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Frame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, 86.50 ; by mail post-paid.

OHAS. H. MAROT,
814 Chestnut St., Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPKOVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBIHSOK.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75 cents
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cbestnat St., Fhlla.

The Imerican Fruit Culturist,

NEW EDITION.

Containing Practical Directions for the Propagation and
Culture of all Fruits adapted to the United States,

BY JOHN T. THOMAS,

1st Pres't Fruit-Growers' Society of Western N. Y.; Hon-
orary Member Mass. Hort. Society ; of Penna. Fruit-
Growers' Society ; of the Hort. Society of Indiana,
etc., and for 30 Years a Practical Nurseryman.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

Illustrated with 519 fine wood engravings. In one hand-
some 12mo volume of 593 pages, bound in extra muslin.
Price, 82.00, by mail, free of postage. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price,
aall post-^aid.

MUSHROOMS

tor the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the M0S2 PROFITABLE out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

t8, by
ChaS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

byWM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, 81 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. Phila.

DOWNING'S

MTSMHiiiiiTmiirMm;

Or, THe Culture, Propagation, and Manageient, in tie
Garden and Orcliard, of Fruit Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A Hjstory of Insects Injurious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably the
most complete Reference Book for the Cultivators of FruU
ever issued.

Of Apples only he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, ia
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8V0 VOLUME OF OVER 1,250 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - $5.00.

Recommendation from Hon. MARSHAiiL P. WrLDBR,
President of the American Pomological Society :

Oentlemen :—l have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." It is the most comprehen-
sive of any similar work, in fact A COMPLETE ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The original edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful hy this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologist in America.— Marshai-Ii
P. Wilder.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

SMALL FRUIT CULTURIST.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Giving Description, History, Cultivation, Propagation, Dis-
eases. &c.

Beautifully Illustrated.

I pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 81.50. Sent by mail, post-paid
■ ■ " 'ce. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in theU. S.for
86.35 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibbbrd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in theopenground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 ChestnutSt., Phila

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BT ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price Sl.oO ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HAl-BOOK OF PLAHTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants.
As a book of reference it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
mattars of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnsean and natural orders ot all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
nanxes. Arrangement oi book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
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on receipt of price, 83.00. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

oardeners' dictionary.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. ios6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
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GARDENING FOR PROFIT.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tilt BEST METHODS EMPLOYED il ENGLAND anJ FRAHCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essajr on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

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THE

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division x. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type. Price, SI 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

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CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
Paper, 32 pages, 12mo. Illustrated. Price, 40 cts. ; by mail,
post-paid. Address,

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THE PEACH;

Its Cuta ai Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by the •• Sellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. Paper, 60 cents.

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BY JAMES VEITCH.

Pa?-t I.—Oeneral Review of the Order.
Part IL— Synopsis of Oenera, Species and Varieties.
Part III.— The Planting of Coniferoe.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
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mailed, postage free. Address,
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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc. , of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, $1.25. Address.

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FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848, inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, Vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. 1 to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in 3^ calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
numerous lull page and triple folded page, Colored and
plain plates of plants and fruits. Magnificent typography.
Invaluable and VERY RARE. Secure them ! Price, f75.00.
If possible call and see them. Address,

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Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. WilUams. F. B. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
$5.00. Sent by mail post- paid on receipt of price.

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

(or l\ie Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 311 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, ^1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

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19

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

Adaptedto North America, with a view to the improvementin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
59a. Royal 8vo. Price, |6. 50, by mail, postage free.

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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

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Every Woman

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FRUIT CULTURE

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CANADIAN FORESTER'S

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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY KEV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

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RARE ^ CURIOUS
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Jo. Bapt. Ferrari! sinensis E. Societate Jesu
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Horsford's Plants of Java.

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The Orcliids of New [ngland.

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LANGUAGE SERIES.

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A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Life,
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Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
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Opinions.— Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P.: "A useful
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I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
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PRACTICAL ^^

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
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The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
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HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
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■Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
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By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

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Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will

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Alt of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,

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CACTACEOUS PLANTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

B.A.RN pr..A.iars

AND OUT BUILDINGS.

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BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

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FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Aluine Flowers, Robinson

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd

Amateur's Greenhouse, Hibberd

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd

A merican Rose Culturist, paper

A utumnal Leaves, colored plates, H eath

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd

I irambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd

r.reck's New Book of Flowers

lUitishSea Weeds, Gray

Rritish Fungi, Cooke, colored plates

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill'd

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge

Chrysanthemum, The, Fish

Cooks British Fungi, colored plates

Cottage Gardening, Hobday

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated

Ellwanger on the Rose

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome

Fern Garden, Hibbertl, colored plates

Fern Paradise,iirdplain,S3; col. plates, 1.76; photos

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith)

Ferns in their Homes and Ours

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto

Field Flowers, Hibberd

Fish, D. T. , on Bulbs

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.) Nos., $2; bound vols.

Halliday 's Azalea Culture

Halliday 's Camellia Culture

Hai'dv Flowers, Robinson

Heinrich's Window Flower Garden

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure

Henderson's Practical Floriculture

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home

Orchids of New England. Baldwin

Orchids, a Review by Lewis Castle

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long

Paul's Hook of Roses

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition

Paul's Roses in Pots

Parsons, Saml. B., on the Rose

Band's Bulbs

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden

Rand's Garden Flowers

Rand 's Orchid Culture

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them

Rand's Rhododendrons

Rand's Window Gardener

Robinson's English Flower Garden

School Garden, Schwab

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson ,

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl.

Thomson's Wayside W eeds

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl.

Wayside Flowers, Meehan, 31 colored plates

White's Gardening for the South

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates

Wild Flowers Worth Notice

W ild Garden, Robinson

Williams, B. 8., Orchid Growers Manual, 6th Ed. . .
Williams,B.S.,Stove&Greenhse Plants, 2 vols, ill'd

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods

Window Gardening, W illiams

Wood's Modern Window Gardening

Your Plants, paper

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing * Wine Making, Hussman..

Apple Culturist, Todd

Bailey's \ pple Culture, illustrated

Harrys Fruir Garden

Ilassett's Cranberry Culture

Chorltons Grape Growers Guide

Oownings Fruits and Fruit Trees of America

Du Breuils Fruit Culture

Du Breuils Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliott s Fruit Growers Hand Rook,pap"r, 60c. ; cl.

Fitz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flagg's European V ineyards

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit Growers" Kriend, Haines

Fuller's Grape Culturist

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist

Fulton on Peach Culture

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green

300
300
300
30
.5 75

3 75
250
175
325
250

50

4 00
400
150

25
250

50
175
125
100

15
150
500
3 75
150
30 00
150
2 00
2 75
200
2 00
150

75
150
150
100
2 50

50
200

50
700
100
1.50
2 50
250
2.50
3.50

2 00
150

1 00
600

50
300
12 50

3 75
100
250 I
125 '
500
200
500

2 00
450
6 50

5 00
2 50
150
125

40

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape Vine 100

My Vineyard at Lakeview 126

Orange Culture, Moore 1 00

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture & Diseases. Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prolit 100

Reemelln"s Wine-makers' Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Rivers' Orchard House 200

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 25

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

Thomery System of Grape Culture, cloth 50

White's "Cranberry Culture 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Aichitecture 160

Architects'& Builders' P'k't Comp'n, cl., 1.60 ; tuck 2 00

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 125

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 150

Building Constiuction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 100

Butler's Ventilation of Buildings 60

Carpenters and Joiner's Hand Book (Holly) 76

Cooper's Rural Hours 200

Cottage Houses. Reed 1 25

Downings Cottage Residences 300

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harneys Barns, Out-baildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 60

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Waring' s Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodwards Gra))eries and Hort. Buildings 100

Woodward ' s National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Wooletfs Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES. FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, paper $1.00 ; cloth. 1 .50

Elliotts Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1 00

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordon's Pinetum 600

Hoopeson Evergreens 300

Hough s Elements of Forestry 2 60

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 60

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Coniferae, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 3 00

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 250

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 500

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, Ill'd 500

Diagendorff 8 Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 1 00

Gray's Manual of Botany 2 25

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, in 1 vol 4 00

Gray's Structural Botany 230

Gray's School and Field-Book of Botany 250

Henderson's Hand-Book of Plants 300

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Llndley's Treasury of Botany, 2 vols

Loudon's Encyclopedia of Plants

Microscopic Fungi, Cook, cold plates

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary

Twining's Natural Order of Plants, 2 vol.
Wood's Class Book of Botany

VEGETABLES, GARDENING. &c.

Asparagus Culture

Brldgeman's American Gardener's Assistant.
Bi'idgeman's Kitcheu Gardener's Instructor..

De Voe's Market Assistant .

Fltz's Sweet Potato Culture

Gardening liy Myself, Warner

Gardening for Young and Old, Harris

Garden Receipts, Quin

Gregory on Cabbages

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzels, &c...

Gregory on Onion Raising

Gregory on Squashes

Henderson's Garden and Farm Topics

Henderson's Gardening for Profit

Hogg's Vegetable Garden

Kitchen and Market Garden

Mushroom Culture, Robinson

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright

Onion Culture

Pea Nut Plant and Cultivation

Quinn's Money in the Garden

Schenk's Gardener's Text Book

Tillinghasfs Manual Vegetable Plants

Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler..

200
200
600
13 50
2 50
10 00
16 00
360

."iO
200
100
250

125

125

90

30

30

30

30

150

150

50

150

75

50

20

50

150

75

100

150

AGRICULTURE. MANURES. RURAL ECONOMY. &c.

Allen's, R. L.,and Li. F., New American Farm Book

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Beet Root Sugar

Bommers Method of Making Manures

Boussingalt's, J. B., Rural Economy

Brill's Farm -gardening and Seed-growing

Broom Corn and Brooms, paper, 50c. ; cloth

Colorado as an Agricultural State, Pabor

Curtiss on Wheat Culture

Dana's, Sam'l H., Muck Manual

Diseases, Field and Garden Crops, Smith

Farm Conveniences

Farm Homes, Lei and

Farming for Boys

Farming for Profit, Reed

Five Acres too Much (illustrated) ,

Flax Culture (7 Prize Essays by P'c't'l Growers)..

French's Farm Drainage

Garden, Farm and Barnyard, Jacques

Gregory on Fertilizers, jpaper

Hand-book of Grasses, John Henderson

Harlan's Farming with Green Manures

Harris' Talks on Manures

Hop Culture, by Nine Experienced Cultivators...

How to Get a Farm and Where toFindOne

How the Farm Pays, Crozier and Henderson

Johnsons Elements of Agricultural Chemistry...

Johnston's, J. S. W., Agricultural Chemistry

Klipparfs Land Drainage

Klipparfs Wheat Plant

LoringsFarm Yard Club of Jotham

Lyman's Cotton Culture

Mlanual of Agi-iculture, Emerson and Flint

My Farm of Edgewood

Nichol'sChemistry of the Farm and Sea..

Norton's, Jno. P., Elements of Scientific %^.gric....

Our Farm of Four Acres

Pedders, James, Farmer's Land Measurer

Plant Life on the Farm, Masters

Quincy, Hon. Josiah, on Soiling Cattle

Scott's Soil of the Farm

Silos and Ensilage, Thurber

Stewarts Irrigation for Farm, Garden & Orchard.

Stewart's Sorghum and its Products

Ten Acres Enough

Thomas', J. J., Farm Implements and Machinery.

Thompson's Food of Animals

Tim Bunkers Papers, or Yankee Farming

Tobacco Culture, by 14 Experienced Cultivators..

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual

Vine's Chemical Manures

Waring' s Drainage for Profit and Health

"Waring's Elements of Agriculture

Waring's Farmer's Vacation

'Waring's Handy Book of Husbandry

Warington's Chemistry of the Farm

Wilson's Drainage for Health

Touman's Household Science

2 50
175
125

25
160
100

75
150

.50
125
1.50
150
150
150

3 75
150

30
150
150

40
150
100
175

30
100

2 50
150
175
175
175

3 50
150
150
175
125

75

60

60

100

125

100

60

150

150

100

150

100

150

25

150

1 25
150
100
300

2 50
100
100
175

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC AND GAME. TREATMENT. &C.

Allen's, L. F., American Cattle 2 60

Allen's, R. L., Diseases of Domestic Animals 100

Amateur Trapper & Trap Maker's Guide, pa. 60; bds 76

American Bird Fancier (Brown's) 50

American Fish, How to Catch, by Old Angler 1 00

Batty's How to Hunt and Trap 1 60

Batty's Pi-actical Taxidermy <s; Home Decoration. 1 50

Beale's Profitable Poultry Keeping 150

Bement's Poulterer's Companion 200

Bement's Rabbit Fancier 30

Blessed Bees, Allen 100

Book of the Black Bass, Henshaw 300

Book of Household Pets, paper, 50c.; cloth 75

Brown's Taxidermist's Manual 1 00

Burnham's New Poultry Book 2 00

Canary Birds, paper, 50c. cloth 2 75

Clok's Diseases of Sheep 1 26

Coburn's Swine Husbandry 1 75

Cole's American Veterinarian 60

Cook's Bee-keepeer's Guide, cloth, $1 25; 'paper 100
Corbett's Poultry Yard & Market, paper. 50c ; cl. 75
Dadd's American Cattle Doctor, 12mo. $1.50, 8vo.. . 2 50
Dadd's American Reformed Horse Book.Svo. cloth 2 50

Dadds Modern Horse Doctor 1.50

Dinks, May hew and Hutchinson on the Dog 3 Op

Fishing with the H'ly, Orvis 2 50

Florida and the Game Water Birds, Roosevelt 2 00

Fly Fishing, Salmon, Trout & Grayling, Hamilton 1 75

Frank Forester s American Game in Season 1 50

Geyelin's Poultry Breeding 1 25

Goldfish and its Culture, Mulertt 100

Guenon on How to Select Cows 75

Guenon on Milch Cows, new edition 1 00

Harrison the Pig 150

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers 175

Holden's Book of Birds, paper 25c., cloth ,50

Horse and His Diseases, Kendall '25

Horse, How to Buy and Sell, Howden 100

Horses, their Feet and their Feed, paper 50c., cloth 75

Hunter and Trapper 100

Jersey, Alderney and Guernsey Cow, Hazard 1 50

Keeping One Cow 1 00

Lan^stroth, Rev. L. L., on the Hive and Honey Bee 2 00

Lewis' Practical Poultry Book 1 50

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management 300

McClure's Disease on Am. Horse, Cattle and Sheep 2 00

Miles on the Horse's Foot 75

Miner's, T. B., Bee Keeper's Manual 1 '26

Norris' Fish Culture 1 75

Prairie Experiences, Cattle & Sheep, Maj. Shepherd 1 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping 1 60

Rabbits for Exhibiiion, Pleasure and Market 1 26

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 100

Randall's Practical .-^hepberd 2iw

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50

Reasoronthe Hog 150

Richardson on the Dog, paper, 30c., cloth 60

Scientific Angler, Foster 150

Shooting on the Wing 76

Slack 8 Trout Culture 100

Sportsman's Gazetteer, Halloek 300

Standard of Excellence in Poultry 100

Stewart's Shepherds Manual 1 60

Stewarts Stable Book 150

Stoddard's An Egg Farm, paper, 50e , cloth 75

Taylor's Bee-Keeper's Manual, Ill'd 215

Thompsons Food of Animals 100

Trapper's Guide 150

Walton's Complete Angler 1 60

Waring's Essay on Jersey Cattle 50

Wright's Brahma Fowl 2 60

Wright's Practical Poultry Keeper 2 00

Wright's Practical PigeonKeeper 150

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 150

Youatton Sheep 100

Youatt on the Horse 1 75

PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet 125

Art of Propagation 30

Art of Saw Filing 75

Building Associations, How to Manage 2 00

Building Associations ; What they are, and Use. . . 75

Butlers Family Aquarium 76

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 300

Gardener's Carriage Painters Manual 1 00

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand, paper 26

Household Conveniences 1 50

How to Make Candy 50

How to Paint 1 00

How to Read 100

How to Use the Microscope, Phin 1 00

Industrial Education in Public Schools, Straight 15

Mayhew's Practical Book-keeping for Farmers 80

Mrs. Cornelius' Young Housekeeper's Friend 1 50

Painter, Gilder and Varnisher 150

Ropp's Easy Calculator, cloth, $1.00 ; morocco 1 50

Scribner' s Ready Reckoner and Log Book 36

Wells' Every Man his own Lawyer 200

Wood-working Tools How toUseThem.Whittake »

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

^ ORLEANS, FRANCE, ^

Beg t» inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1886 and 1887

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kiihne,

5 & 7 S. William St., New York.

TThia Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Fruit Tree Stocks, which are unusually fine and cheap this
t eason ; an extensive list of Frnit Trees, New and Hardy Ornamental Plants, Glimbera, the Hardiest and Best
-Conifers and Roses on their own Boots. Also, Small Conifers, Decidaoas and £vergreen Ornamental Tre«s,
1 and a years' Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

i99" N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. tnS

SPECIAL NOTICE.-The Price of the GARDENERS' CHRONICLE is now reduced to

Three Pence.

"First to our hand come the home journals, among which the ably conducted Gardeners' Chronicle worthily
Iholds the lead, as it has now done for more than a generation."— The Journal of Forestry.

*' Energetic, yet conservative ; the Gardeners' Chronicle has become useful and popular everywhere."

Hon. Marshall Wilder, Boston, U. 8.
""Forgive me if I pay a compliment to the way the Chronicle is edited. It is ably and well managed."— An Orchtdist

The: GJVRDSNSRS' CHRONICLE:

("THE TIIVIES OF HORTICULTURE.")

A WEEKLY ILLUSTEATED JOUBNAL,. ESTABX.ISHED 1841.

Every Friday, price Threepence ; post free, to America, Eonrpence.

The Gardeners' Chronicle has been for nearly fifty years the leading journal of its class.

It has achieved this position because, while specially devoting itself to supplying the daily requirements of garden-
ers of all classes, much of the information furnished is of such general and [permanent value, that the Qardenkbs'
Chronicle is looked up to as the standard authoi-ity on the subjects on which it treats.

CIRCULATION.
Its relations with amateur and professional gardeners and with the Horticultural Trade of all countries, are of a
specially extensive character.

CONTRIBUTORS.
Its contributors comprise the leading British Gardeners and many of the most eminent men of science at home
a nd abroad.

ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Gardeners' Chronicle has obtained an international reputation for the accuracy, permanent utility and
artistic effect of its illustrations of plants. These illustrations, together with the original articles and monographs, render
the Gardeners' Chronicle an indispensable work of reference in all garden reading-rooms and botanical libraries.

SUPPLEMENTS.
Double-page engravings, lithographs, and other illustrations of large size, are frequently given as Supplements,
without extra charge.

The Gardeners' Chronicle for December 25, 1886, will contain a Beautifully Colored Sheet Almanac (18x19).

ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

The United Kingdom : 12 months. 15s.; 6 months. 7s. 6d.; 3 months, 3s. 9d. Post free.

Foreign Subscriptions (excepting India and China), Including postage, 17s. 6d. for twelve months ; India and China, 19s. 6d.

P.O.O.to be made payable at43Drury I>ane, London, to W. Blchards. Cheques I'hould be crossed •'Drummond."

Telegraphic Address— GAKDCH BON, LONDON.

OFFICE: 4! WELLINGTON STREET. STRAND, LONDON, W. C.

Agent for America— Mr. C. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U. S. A.

12 Months Subscription to America, $4.30; India and China, $5.00.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Bstablished, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEBCKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

Bat«-Burnlng Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

Gorrogated Fire-box Boiler.

Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GKEAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

I Sash-raising Apparatus

Lifting-Rods for Sastiesi

Improved Saddle Boiler.

Five sizes. New Patterns ;

Etc., Etc.

Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-
logue, with References and Prices.

6 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^ ^ ROSISS A SPZ:CIAI«TV ^ $

FOR NEARLY TWENTY YEARS OUR BUSINESS HAS BEEN GROWING AND DISTRIBUTING ROSES.
We offer the Largest and Most Complete Assortment in this Country. STRONG, WELL-MATURED
PLANTS, in Large and Small Sizes, Suitable for ROSE GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FORCING HOUSES,
&o. All the Popular Sorts in Large Supply— AMERICAN BEAUTY, BENNETT, THE BRIDE, HER MAJESTY,
PERLE DES JARDINS, PIERRE GUILLOT, PAPA GONTIER, C. MERMET, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, BON SILENE,
LA FRANCE, GEN'L JACQ., and over 400 other Varieties, COMPRISING THE CHOICEST NEW AND OLD
STANDARD SORTS for GENERAL PLANTING ; all at very Reasonable Prices. Also, HYDRANGEA GRANDI-
FLORA, VIBURNUM PLICATUM, JAPAN JUDAS, NEW DEUTZIAS, NEW WEIGELAS, and a Full Line of
the Finest HARDY SHRUBBERY and CLIMBING VINES, including AMPELOPSIS, AKEBIAS, EUROPEAN
and EVERGREEN SWEET-SCENTED HONEYSUCKLES, WISTARIAS, &c. — all in STRONG, OPEN-GROUND
PLANTS. Catalogues on application. Address,

«5 THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Pa.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,

p. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES :

C. G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and P'lorist, Haarlem, HoUand.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LBNAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

V. L.EMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, --.... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists>
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

TREE SEEDS AND STOCKS.

We have now a Catalogue ready of Seeds of Trees, Shrubs and Fruit Stocks, that
are ready for Spring sowing, which will be sent free to all applicants.

Among these are limited supplies of Apple, Pear, Plum, Mazzard and Mahaleb Seeds,
which will be sold at the lowest figures for a first-class article.

We have also limited supplies of Mahaleb, Plum, Pear and second-class Mazzard
Stocks, which will be sold at reasonable rate to close up for the season.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantown, Philadelphia.

FLOWER SEEDS

For FLORISTS and GROWERS.

Centaurea gymnucarpa, per 1000 seeds 75

I^obelia Erinns, Crystal Palace, per trade pkt 30

Smilax. perozSl.75; per i^ lb 86.00

Mignonette, Miles' Spiral per oz. .75

Verbenas, Dreer's Choicest Mixed " 4.00

Nasturtium, Golden Feather, Torenia, Ten-Week
Stocks, Vinca, Phlox, Maurandia, and all other
Seeds for present Sowing, send for Price List.

HENRY A. DREER, Seedsman and Florist,

714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

MOLE TRAP.

For destroying ground moles in lawnt,
parks, gardens, and cemeteries.

The only PERFECT mole trap in exist-
ence.

Guaranteed to catch moles where all
other traps fail.

Sold by Seedsmen, Agricultural Imple-
plement and Hardware dealers. Illustrated
circulars sent Free on receipt of stamp.

H. W. HALES,

dI2 BIDGEWOOD, N. J.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, GraperieSf Conservatories , Propagating Houses, JFor-

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Itoortis, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
•reference. Also price list furnished on application to

13J!\.VID

Se BSVSFtli.Y

tliyl2

BOSTON. ■BO.A.Sa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

LEN AULT - HUET

NURSERYMAN,
USSY, (CALVADOS) FRANCE.

SPECIAL OFFER AT REDUCED PRICES.

ALL ORDERS ARE TO BE FORWARDED TO

MR. C. RAOUX, 296 Pearl St., N. Y. City.

-CATALOGUES FREE BY POST.-

Prices, ^ 100,000

Ccrasus tvlum, 2 years, 5 to 8 mirrs S160.00

" " 2 " 4to6 " 80.00

" Mahaleb, 2 yrs., transplanted, 6 to 10 mllr's 160.00

" " lyear, StolOmU'rs 138.00

" " 1 " 5to8 " 128.00

" •' 1 " 3to5 " 67.00

" u 1 i4 to transplant 33.00

Cydonia communis, t'p'd cuttings, 7 to 12 mll'rs 540.00

6 to 12 " 45O.00

Prunus Myrobolan, 1 year, 5 to 8 mll'rs 200.00

" 1 " 4to8 " 177.00

Prunus Myrobolan, 1 year.

Prices, ^ 100,000
selection S130.00

Malus communis,

Pyrus,

year, 5 to 8 mll'rs 320.0O

" 4to7 " 175.00

" Sto-IK" 70.00

" to transplant 45.00

" 6to 10 mll'rs 400.00

" 6to8 " 307.00

" 5to8 " 250.00

" 5to6 " 160.00

" 3to4>^ " 66.00

" totransplant 40.00

All rates quoted here per 100,000 will be applied to any quantity exceeding 25,0u0. FRUIT TREES and EVER"
GREENS a Specialty.

NOW READY! A New Revised and Greatly Enlarged Edition of

"Gardening for Profit."

A GUIDE TO THE SUCCESSFUL CULTURE OF THE MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN;
Profusely ilUistrated. 375 pages. Price, post-paid, $2.00.

The Immense and unprecedented sale of the earlier editions of " Gardening for Profit" indicates
the estimate of its value as a thoroughly practical work. The NEW BOOK, just issued, contains the
hest of the former work, with large additions drawn from the author's added years of experience.

OUR NEW CATALOGUE OF SEEDS AND PLANTS (i^o pages) is replete
with new engravings of the choicest flowers and vegetables, and contains, besides, 2 beautiful
colored plates. Mailed on receipt of 10 cents (in stamps), which mav be deducted from first order,
or sent FREE to all purchasers of the New ' ' GABDENING FOK PEOFIT," offered above.

PETER flENDERSON & GO. '» MViS' ^' '

My Annual Priced Catalogue is now ready and mailed free
to all applicants. It contains all the leading and most popu-
lar sorts of

Veptai, Farm aid Flower Seefis,

Besides all the desirable novelties of last season, and nearly
every thing else in my line of business.

ALFRED BRIDGEMAN,

A 37 East 19th St., New York City.

TUBEROSE BULBS.

B17.0O

PEARL, 1st size, per 100 aS2.00 ; per 1000 S17.C

" 2d size, Blooming, per 100 «1.50 ; per 1000 lO.Oo

DOUBLE, 1st size, per 100 SS.OO; per lOOO 17.0O

2d size, Blooming, per 100 »1.50 ; fl 1000 lO.OO

f4 Nurserymen and Florists,

Established 1853. MARIETTA, PA.

GARDEN SEEDS «Jlif*4°.«E^

FRANCIS BRLLL, Hempstead, Long Island, N. ¥.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to he the 3Iost Powerful, Durable and JEco-
nomical Boiler ever made in this Country.

We are also manufacturiiig all tlie various sizes of MYERS'
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &c»
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List,

^r

aptf

1173 South Ninth Street,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmed loi Water Sdlers

FOR HE/LTING

Greeiloises, Urapsries, Coiservatories, fmmM Mm, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. di9

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BTTSIJTESS PirtECTORY.

^T" Send for conditions of insertion under this heading. "^Sft

F. J. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Ornamental { THOMAS MEEHAN,

Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta, Ga. o5 | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'

I H. L.WHEATLEY.Trees— Fruit&Ornamen-

pPhil. I tal, Shrubs, Figs, &c.,Altamonte, Fia. aui2

100,000

The choicest old and new varieties at S2.50 per 100;
S30.00 per 1000. NO KUST OK JVIILUEW. Paclied light
and satisfaciiou guaranteed.

tmyi2 J. L. DILLON, Bloomsburg, Pa.

GEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. IT CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)
jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLOKI-STS,

SEEDSMKN AND NUKSEKIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. F'orsaie
cheap. .Seiul 26c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

SMITH'S ninstratel M Catalope.

FREE to all applicants desiring
CHOICE SELECTIONS of FLOWER,
VEGETABLE, FIELD, BIKU SEEDS,
&o., ASPARAGUS aud other toots,
name and of best quality.
IMPLEMENTS and cverjthing per-
taining to the GARDEN or GREEN
HOUSE at lowest prices. A THIAL
ORDER SOLICITED.

W91, H. etDIlXH, Seedsman,

1018 MARKET ST., Philadelphia, Fa.

Indian Azaleas,

TRADE SIZES AND SPECIMENS.

Mollis and Ghent Azaleas, Rhododenrons, Camellias,
Orchids, Palms and General European 8tuck. Apply to

mtatf Continental Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium.

ri

V^O^^CmLOGUE

-^»^g»^^l all kinds of SeBds,Bulb«,
^S^^rools&c. Contains prices, de-

planting directions.&c

;o all applicants, old customers
_ need not apply. Our finely
tratedSEF.l) ANNCALwith Colortd
Pl:Ttes. Lithograph Cover, portrait of
Mr. A. W.Livingston and pkt. of his New
Tomato lOf. Choice CahbaK* and OnUin Seed. Orig-
of Paraxon, Acme, Perfection. Favorite and Beauty
Tomatoes. Seeds Reliable, Prices Low. ;<•'< aim to please.
K.W. LIVINeSTON'S SONS. Box 125. ColiimbM*. O.

TRY

DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PLANTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. Tbey
ire the Best at the liowest Prices.
Calendar for 188 7 sent for Oc. in stamps

ENRYA.DREER

CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, Ne-wr York

City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS, PALMS and
FERNS. taulS

CARNATIONS-

3FIOOTEO CUTXINGpS

Of the Best Varieties for the Trade, now Ready.

Send for a Price List, Also, a good lot of Prime Smilaz
at 20 cents per string,
ntf THOS. F. SEAL. Unionville, Chester Co., Pa.

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America tor John VVatterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
titj', and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. Prices 83 to S12 per
dozen , 815 to S"5 per hundred, freight from England added.
Standards and specimens, S'2 to $15 each. Small orders filled
from stock in our nursery. Orders of 125 and upwards may
be selected from Messrs. Watterer's catalogue, the largest
and best collection in the world, and will be shipped in our
care direct from England. Orders taken now for spring
delivery. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Full
particulars and our superb illustrated catalogue of Rosee,
Hardy Plants and Bulbs sent Iree.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

nl2 PITTSBURG, PA.

10,000 riNE CLUMPS 10,000

Spiraea Japonica

Addres,, *^ SPEOIAD PRICE.

C. IT. JOOSXSZV,

Importer of Plants,
dtf 3 COENTIES SLIP, N. Y. CITY.

EVERGrflEErrsS.

FOREST TREES.— 11,314,000 sold in 1886. Ten times as
many ready for 1887. 1 offer the largest stock, greatest variety
and lowest prices to be found in America. Wholesale lists

free. GEO. PINNEY, Evergreen, Door Co., Wis. f4

A valuable fruit to grow for pleasure
or profit. Price list free to all. An
agent wanted in every town. Complete outfit furnished
free. Address, WILLOW RIDGK FRUIT FARM,

BLUEBERRY.

ja2

Portland, Mich.

s

ibiey's Tested Seed

Catalogue free on application.

Send for It.

HIRAM SIBLEY & CO.,

Rochester, n. y. & Chicago. III.

London Gardener's Chronicle

Will be lumished, nrwt-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S. for
reduced rate of W4.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. n. MARUT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St..Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RHODODENDRON.

They amount to SIS. 50. We will sell any one at the

RARE TREES AND SHRUBS.

If people only knew how much beauty there is among the thousand curious
Trees, Shrubs and Vines grown in MBEHAN'S NURSERIES, they would not be
satisfied with selecting from the few dozen
chiefly know^n. We have decided, in order
to increase knowledge, to offer an EXTRA
INDUCEMENT. We select the following,
with the prices annexed in our Catalogue :

Daphne Wlezer eon, Sweet-scented Spurge Laurel .50

Flowering Dogwood, Cornus floiida 75

Blood-leaved Japan Maple $l.50

Japan Judas, Cercis Japonlca I.OO

Maiden Hair Tree, Saiisburia I.OO

Japan St. John's Wort, Hypericum patulum.. .50

Japan Snowball 50

Fuchsia Weigela, Weigela floribunda 75

Weeping Beech I.OO

Golden Japan Cedar, Retinosporaaurea 50

Cray " *' " squarrosa... .50

Hybrid Rhododendron I.OO

Japan Yew, Cephalotaxus Fortunl 75

Sorrel Tree, Andromeda arborea I.OO

Soulange's Magnolia .75

White Fringe 50

These Catalogue figures are already low for rare plants
figure quoted— packing extra— but if the WHOLE COLLECTION be taken, price SIO.OO— with packing free.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, containing all the departments of our extensive Nurseries, mailed to all appli-
cants for 6 cents in stamps.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, GERMANTOWN, PHILA.

A REAL GARDEN—

•HE fourth and enlarged edition of our book, A Few Flowers
Worth// of General Culture, ready February 1st, is certainly
the most beautiful work on flowers yet published. In it we
have endeavored to show how a most lovely and fascinating
garden can be made with hardy plants, and "how great a mis-
take is the present almost universal custom of using nothmg but the
so-called bedding plants, Geraniums, Coleus, etc., for gardening
purposes. The book is superbly printed, and among its contents are
the following illustrated papers : "Hardy Plants and the Modes of
Arranging 'J'hem," "Tropical Garden Effects," "Hardy Plants in
England," "Decorative Possibilities of Hardy Climbers," "Roses
Ola and New," " Splendid Garden Effects with Hardy Lilies," "The
Making of the Hardy Kordtr," "Success with Hardy Roses," and
"Rhododendrons, Kalmias, and Hardy Azaleas." The illustrations
are profuse and most artistic, and show the garden effects of differ-
ent plants.

This book of real merit and exquisite beauty will be sent, post-
paid, for 50c., bound in durable flexible covers, or in leather for
75c. ; but the price paid will be allowed on the first order sent for
plants, making the hook really free to customers.

Our Descriptive Catalogue, containing a complete list of the best
New and Old varieties of Hoses, Clematises, Rhododendrons, Hardy
Azaleas, Carnations, Lilies, Tuberoses, Begonias, Gloxinias, and the
largest collection of Hardy Plants in America, sent on receipt of 10
cents in stamps. Our Special Low-priced Offers of valuable and well-
grown plants sent free.

The Musa Ensete {The Great Abyssinian Banana) is a remark-
able and the m >st beautiful plant known for producing a tropical
effect in the garden or lawn. We have a large and almost exclusive
stock, which we offer at very low prices.

B. A. ELLIOTT &. CO., Pittsburg, Pa.

TO CLEAR BLOCKS

VFe offer for February delivery 1500 Cedras Deodora,

3 feet, at »35 per 100. 10,000 CUerry Trees, 5 to 7 feet, at
»100 per 1000.

P. J. BERCKMANS,

Fruitland Nurseries, Augusta, Georgia.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi3 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

U

= RARE TATA-T

Red

^^

Yellow

k.r^^r^.r^

^K

'%,r%^r%^^>s

White

Pink

'^.n^r^^r^^

•^.r^r^^'^

Blue

^^ai^^^^^^^^^^^^

Purple

CHOICE Aquatic Plants in Variety. The
Largest and Choicest Collection in the
Country. The Nelumbium, or Sacred Lotus
of India and China is Hardy in the United States.
Grand New Japanese Nelumbiums, Rose Colored,
White and Variegated. The True Cape Cod Pink
Water Lily, $400 each ; two for $7.00. Seed of a
New Crimson Victoria regia. Aquatics for Fish
Ponds. General Collection of Greenhouse Plants,
Orchids, &c. Catalogue free to those mentioning
this magazine.

E. D. STURTEVANT, Bordentown, N. J.

9

Per 100

Pure White and Hardy. . . .»8.00

VERBENAS, Mammoth Strain 2.00

PANSIES. Giant 3.00

DAISIES. New Quilled. Red

and White 3.00

GERANIUM, Mad. Salleroi.... 8.00

" Zonale 4.00

" Ivy leaved 6.00

PENTSTEMONS. Fine, Named. 6.00

PETUNIAS, Best Double 4.00

AGERATUM.Snow Flake 6.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 5.00

TEA ROSES S4.00to 6.00

NOVELTIES IN

Roses, Ceraniums, Fuchsias, Begonias, Car-
nations, &c., in Fine Stock.

£. HIPPARD, Youngstown, Ohio.

Write for Trade Circular. ftf

ROSSSf ROSEZSV

We have the largest stock of Imported and self-g^rown

roses. Our self-grown roses are ready for shipment now.

Our imported rose.bnsheM are ready for shipment by end

of November, We can ship at any time all during this winter.

We keep our roses in cellars free from frost, thus enabling

us to ship in the coldest weather any time when plants are

wanted. We ship by express as there is no danger of plants

getting frozen. Catalogue on application. Our roses are

two and three years old, out-door grown and well branched.

This offer does not include the new roses of '84, '85, '86.

Lowest cash prices for the trade.

100 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind $10.00

UO Teas, purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind 12.00

1,000 H. P., purchasers' select., notless than 5 of a kind 95.00

llO H. P., our selection of vars., " " 10 of a kind 8 00

Lily of the Valley, strong forcing pips, SIO.OO per 1,0U0,

895.00 per 10,000.

Mr. John Henderson's Foundling, Papa Gontier, dark
crimson Tea-rose; 1 plant, 50c.; 12 plants, S5.00. Cash must
accompany all orders. ja4

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

Box 78. College Point, L. I.

6OO ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREESandPLANTS

We offer for the Fall trade a large and fine stock of
every description of Flil'lT uud Uriinmental
TKKKS, .»liriib»), Ko^eM, Vines, ,S,1IALL,
FRIHTS, Iledso l>lant!<i, Frnit Tree Sp«-d-
liiiKS,and Foresl Tree ^eedlines. Priced Cata-
logue. Fall 1886, mailed free on application. Address

BLOOMINGTON(PHQENlX)NURSERY

EatabUshedlbSa BLOOMINfcJTON, ILi..

chrysanthehums.

I offer the following novelties : John M. Hughes, Robert
Craig, Miss Clara Harris, Alfred Warne, Sampson, Mrs. R.
S. Mason, Mrs. John Wanamaker, Thomas Cartlege, William
Joyce, Puritan, Robert Crawford, Jr., all of which are very
fine ; also the following, all distributed by me : Christmas
Eve, Qloriosum, H. Waterer, Mrs. C. H. Wheeler, W. K.
Harris, Mrs. Geo. Bullock, Mrs. Frank Thomson, Moon-
light, J . Collins, Miss Meredith, Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Mencke,
Golden Prince, David Allan, Bicolor, Syringa, Snowstorm,
Mrs. G. W. Childs President Arthur, Lord Byron, Maggie
Mitchell. The following Chinese varieties imported from
England : Pietro Diaz, Carmen, Madame Feral, Etoile
Fleuri. M. Vivian Morel, Prince of Orange, Prince Alfred,
Talford Salter, Alfred Salter, Pink Perfection, Beverley,
Boule de Neige, Cleopatra, Diana, Dr. Sharpe, Duke of
Edinburgh, Empress of India, Garibaldi, Golden Beverley,
Hero of Stoke— Newington, Jeanne d'Arc, John Salter,
Lady Hardinge, Lady Slade, l..ord Palmerston, Lord Stanley,
Madame Chate, Monarch, Mount Edgcumbe, Mr. Bunn,
George Glenny, James Laurg, Mrs. Crossfleld, Mrs. Wm.
Shipman, Ossian, Princess Beatrice, Reine des Blanches,
Violet Unique, White Eve, Antonelli ; also the following
Japanese mostly imported from France : CuUingfordii, Belle
Alliance, Ferdinand Feral, Mile. Antoinette Brunei, Souv-
enir du Caire, Albert de Rurios, Berlier Rendatler, Duchess
of Albany, General Lartique, Japon Fleuri, La Puretee,
Mile. Louise de Reydellet, Mile. Louise sabatie, Chas.
Hiebert, Souv. d'or. Golden Band, Pere Deleaux, Rosa
Bonheur, Soleil Levant, Souv. Japonnaise, Triomphe de St.
Martin, Temple of Solomon, Golden Dragon. I believe the
above to be the finest varieties in cultivation ; for prices
send to H. WATERER. Importer of Plants and Bulbs, 56 North
38th Street. Philadelphia.

DOC BUYERS' GUIDE. ,

Colored plates, lOO engravings
of different breeds, prices they are |
worth, and where to buy them

Mailed for 15 Cents
ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
237 S. Eighth St. Philadelphia, Pa. J

URPEPS

FARM ANNUAL for 1887

GARDEN

FARMand

FLOWER

elsewhere. Send a(

Will be sent FKEE to all who write for it. It is

a Handsome Book of 128 page*i, with

hundreds of illustrations, three COLORED

FLATE8, and tells aU about the BE.ST

Dill DC Dl AUTO Thoroughbred .>Stock

DULDO) rLMn I O* and Fancy Poultry.

It describes Rare Novelties in Vesretables and

f Flowers of real value, which cannot be obtained

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TOPICAL SCRAP-BOOK SYSTEM,

The Need of it.

Articles of great value are constantly apf)earing in the
secular and religious periodicals, and any one who does not
save valuable newspaper matter is losing a great deal. The
words of One wiser than Solomon are pertinent here —
"Gather up the fragments that remain that nothing be
lost."

But all the methods for preserving newspaper clippings
previously in use, have serious defects— lake too much time
\.o find them, to fold, re-fold and replace them^ and are not
handy for rapid reference. Now the

Topical Scrap-Book System
does away with all these difficulties. With this library any
literary person secures, in handsome form and at his fingers'
ends, a systematic classification of all valuable newspaper
matter. It is not one or two scrap-books filled with all
sorts of matter, but

A " Separate " Scrap Book
for each important subject, made expressly for the purpose y
•with the title lettered on the back. (See cut above.)

Its Advantages.

ist. All the matter upon any given subject is collected
together y and can be found in a moment.

2d. It saves time. There is no hunting to be done, or
folding, refolding or replacing. A touch of mucilage at
the to^and bottom of an article, and it is in its place. This
permits them to be removed when no longer desired, or
parts of them to be cut out for platform or other use.

3d. // is handy for suggestion, as well as for reference.
A feature possessed by no other system. A book on any
subject may be taken down and glanced over at will.

4th. It is convenient in size, being no larger than an
ordinary hand volume, 6% by 10 inches, yet large enough
to preserve any amount of material, containing 120 pages.

5th. A handsome addition to the book shelves, filling
them with a fine set of leather-backed books, looking like a
finely bound Encyclopaedia, and they are nothing less than
that when filled with choice cuttings.

6th. And cheap beyond example. A big point, for it
enables a man to have a Library of such books, instead of
the usual one or two, and at a small outlay.
The Titles.

We put upon the books any titles you may want. The
followmg titles are suggested :

1. Illustrations. 2. Temperance. 3. Mis-
cellaneous. 4. Social Questions. 5. Politics.
6. Education. 7. Christian Work. 8. Ser-
mons. 9. The Bible. 10. Missions. 11. The
Church. 13. Christianity. 13. Personal. 14.
God. 15. Book Reviews. 16. Isms. 17. Es-
chatology. 18. Sunday School, The Young.
19. The Christ. 20. Sin and Atonement. 21.
Holy Spirit. 22. Exegetical. 23. Devotional.
24. Homiletic Notes. 25. Social Questions.
26. Duties and Graces. 27. Preachers and
Preaching. 28. Biographical. 29. Revivals.
30. Health.

Views of Eminent Persons who have Used thbm.
Hon. Andrew D. White.

President of the Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

It seems to me that you have hit upon an admirable

thing. My only wonder is that of Columbus companions^

in the setting up of the egg— namely, that no one had done

so good and simple a thing before.

Rev. W. Iff. Taylor, D. D., LL. D.

Pastor Broadway Tabernacle, N. Y.
I received your specimen copy, and have been so much
pleased with it, and with your whole plan, that I beg now
to enclose check that you may send me twelve volumes with
the titles indicated below. I have lost a great deal for lack
of such a series of books.

Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.

Pastor First Baptist Church, Philadelphia, Pa.
You have reduced the idea of a Scraf)-Book to a perfect
system. I do not see how anything in this line could be
simpler, more complete, cheaper, or more valuable.

Rev. George P. Pentecost, D. D.

Pastor Thompkins Ave. Congregational Church, Brooklyn.
Please send me ten volumes of your Scrap-Books, with
titles as I have selected. I have used many scrap-book sys-
tems, but have abandoned all in turn, because they were all
complicated, or else without system. I believe yours to be.
the best extant.

From the " Examiner," New York.

We have received a specimen of the " Scrap-Book Li-
brary" for inspection. It is the cheapest, most convenient
and best contrived plan for permanently preserving news-
paper clippings that we have ever seen, in its special field
this series of books is without a peer
Price.
The volumes are put at the marvelously low price
of 75 cents each.

1st. We will send sample volume, with any title
you may choose to put upon the back in gilt, postage
prepaid by us, upon receipt of 75 cents. If you are
not satisfied with the book, it may be returned and
we will refund the amount paid for it less the
postage.

2d. If you order a half dozen, after you obtaia
your sample, we will, upon receipt of the price,
$4. 50, make you a discount of 5 per cent, from the
price. ,1 *' ' ' ■'•

3d. If you order twelve volumes we will give
you a discount of 10 per cent., and pay express
charges to your nearest express station.

C. VENTON PATTERSON & CO.,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

15

Catalogue of New, Rare 'j'g Beautiful
Plants for 1887,

♦ IS NOW READY. *

MAILED FREE.

Lovers of fine plants will find a large collection of beauti-
ful and rare plants as well as all novelties of merit. This
rich collection is well grown and offered at very low prices.
^\^n ^iXXT^^C -^ v^ry large collection of rare
\JJXt\jJlLM.MJtS^ Orchids, viz.: Fhalaenopsis.
.brides, Cyprlpediums, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Ssc-
colsblums, Laellas, Odontoglossums, &o.
T» ^\aiCO An immense stock of all the New French
JEki\JS3Xdt3 and English Varieties. Fot-grown at
cheap rates. New Rose Catalogue Free.

/NT VHT A TTC Of this very beautiful plant
\jMAX4l3ULJ\.jLM,iS a most extensive collection
is grown. The plants are fine.

Catalogues of Orchids, Roses, Seeds, Fruit Trees. &c.,
mailed free to applicants.

t« JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

DESIGNS

KOR KIvOWKR BKDS

This Is a collection of over one hundred drawing's for Or-
namental Flower Beds with names of Plants for arrangrlng
the same. The drawing's are nicely engraved, printed OQ
good paper, conveniently bound, and are a great help tO'
gardeners and amateurs w^ho wish to have their grounds
arranged to the best advantage. Price, $3. Sent by mall
post-paid.

"Sometliing entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been

fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

DErairiM ITQ C its causes, and a new and successful
C.rtrilt.00 CURE at your own home, by one
who was deaf twenty-eight years. Treated by most
of the noted specialists without benefit. Cured himself
in three months, and since then hundreds of others. Full
particulars sent on application,
nfi T. S. PAGE. No. 41 West 31st St., New York City.

Handbook PL^NTs.BULBS;

/^^ FQRTHE _^T^' -AND GARDEN•^

W. W. RAWSON & CO.

34 South UTarket St., Boston, Mass.,

Importers and Growers of Garden, Field and Flower Seeds.

8CCCESSOBS TO

K. BLISS &. SONS, formerly of Kew York.

)TTR New Catalogue for 1887, beautifully illuntrated, with two
large colored plates and many choice engraTiDgs, 92 paKe*,
8 X II inches, will be eeut to our customers of last year, also to
former customers of B. K. Bliss u Sons, without charge— to aU
others upon receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which will be refunded
with first order. B. K. BLISS, surviving partner of abov*
flrra, is with us. and will give his pergonal attention to orden
from their former customersJ

'O^

NEW BOOK ON GARDENING

jDUCCESS In Market Oardening and Vegetable Grower's Manual, by W. W. Bawson. Practical Market

Oardensr. The most Instructire work of the lund ever published, full of important Information to market gardeners and

ja3 ^ "^ growert of vegetables in large or amall quantitie*. 160 pagea, fully illustrated, sent post-paid by mail, upon receipt of %IXI\

s^'

M

JHiat Ml-. Beyer says:.;;5f?,

best thanks for the splendid seeds received from your firm.
It would be a rather lengthy list if I should name all, but
will say thatamongstSS first, and 3 second premiums
awarded me at our fairs in Northern Indiana and
Southern Michigan, 28 first premiums were for vege-
tables raised from your seeds. What firm can beat
this ? " August Beyer, So. Bend, Ind.

Seed of this quality I am now ready to sell to every one
who tills a farm or plauts a garden, sending them FREE my
egetable and Flower Seed Catalogue, for 1S87. Old customers
need not write for it. I catalogue this season the native wild
potato. JAS. J. H. GREGORY, Seed Grower, Marblehead, Mass.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.—Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion Grow-
ing,—How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.- D raining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
$1.50 ; by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

One of the Fullest, Freshest, and Kost Valuable Hand-
books of the Age. Indispensable to Every
Practical Man. Just Beady.

The Techno-Chemical Receipt Book

Containing several thousand Receipts covering the Latest,
Most Important, and Most Useful Discoveries in Chemical
Technology, and their Practical Application in the Arts and
the Industries. Edited chiefly from the German of Drs.
Winckler, Eisner, Heintze, Mierzinski, Jacobsen, Roller,
and Heinzerling, with additions by William T. Brannt,
Graduate of the Royal Agricultural College of Eldena,
Prussia, and William H. Wahl, Ph.D. (Held.) Secretary of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; author of " Galvano-
plastic Manipulations." Illustrated ijy 78 engravings. One
volume, over 500 pages, 12mo, elegantly bound in scarlet
cloth, gilt, closely printed, containing an immense amount
and a great variety of matter. Price, ^2.00, free of postage
to any address in the world.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

IJjQ? FOR SPRING PLANTING ! IDD?

I U W I Kow IS THE TIME TO PREPARE YOUR ORDERS. ■ " " ■

FRUITTREES " "^

We offer the Largest, MostComplete and care-
fully Cultivated Collections in the U. S. of » r'l «# I I I f^ Kb Ea ^ and Dwarf.

CRAPES Z 5 , rio^.: SMALLFRUITS ZiT

INCLUDING THE FAMOUS NEW COOSEBERRVINDUST-RY/'

W ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS AND EVERGREENS. =^

^^ ^^C^ E^ ^5 Of every cla'^s, the Finest in cultivation. Catalogues sent to all regular
IX^^ObO customers KR.EE. Toothers: No. i, Fruits, loc.; No. 2, Ornamental
Trees, &c., illustrated, 15c.; No. 3, Strawberries; No. 4, Wholesale; No. 5, Roses, Free.

ELLWAHGER & BAER7. """"Io^.TZ^eS^^.I^'"^^-

"TRADEMARK

^FA1R,H0NEST^
DEALING

\THEONLYBASISi
^FORPERMANENTi
iPROSPERITYi

ELY&CO'S

That all who love a good
garden may test our War-
ranted Seeds, <l*i ^A
we will mail for 91 ■ W
"" Tarieties of Gar-

RELIABLE

den. Field or Flower .Seeds, in our large packets, including Peas. Beans & Corn,

that you may select from our Catalo^e (or that of any American Seed House if ours is not
at hand). We have grown from original stocks all Novelties of merit, and carry one of
the most complete stocks of Garden Seeds for either wholesale or retail trade in this coun-
try. For I <)c. we mil mail any 2 packets of Seeds you want, together with a copy of our
Garden Almanac and 8eed Manual, 96 pages. It is gotten up to be a practical
friend in making and running a Garden. We aim to give more Good Reliable Seeds
m these otters than have ever before been mailed for the same money. If you prefer, we will
make selection of 20 papers for §1 , designed to give the best complete family garden. Market Gardeners
snciuld read the testimomals from truckers around PhUada. who have used our Seeds, on pp. 64 of our Catalogue,
and get Special Prices to them before buying elsewhere. We have a new and select strain of Jer8e.v Wakefleld
Cabbage, which we believe is the earliest, hardiest, and largest heading stock of this variety ever" offered. Sold
only in )?oz. pkts, mailed for 25c. each or 5 for !St . Every seed sold by us is warranted pure, fresb, and
true to name, or money refunded. 1 () papers Choice Flower Seeds mailed for 25c. We can give yon the Seeda

&-;^a°es'''£igr°t^^^^; Z. DeFOREST ELY & CO.il^dbV^Terit. Philadelphia, Pa.

6OO ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

f3

TREESandPLANTS

We offer for the Springtrade a large and fine stock
of every description of FKUIT and Ornamental
TREES, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, SMALL.
FRUIT.S, Iledse Plants, Fi-uit Tree Seed-
lings and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Cata-
logue, Spring of 1887, mailed free. EsiabHnhed 1852.

BLOOMINGTON(PH(£NIX)NURSERY

SIDNEY TITTLE k 10. Proprietor!, BLOOIHIN(jTON, ILL

SWEET FLORIDA ORANGES FREEI! —

~I am anxions to make Northern and Eastern people famil-
iar with Florida throueh the columns of the Florida Dis-
patch, a 20-page Agricultural and Horticultural Weekly,
$2 per year. I will give to any person sending Five yearly
subscriptions, one box, regulation size, holding from 150 to
200 CHOICE SWEET ORANGES, FREE, delivered on
board the cars. Sample copies Dispatch furnished on ap-
plication. CHAS. W. DaCOSTA, Publisher, Jacksonville, Fla.

Refers to Hon. J.C. Greeley, President Kla Savings Bank,
A. M.Ives, Manager Fla. Fruit Exchansre, W. E. Simpson,
Beal Estate, Jacksonville, Fla. ^^Correspondence solicited.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

Bt Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in theopenground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition; the raising of new varieties; and the work o)
the Rose Garden in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, lano.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 ChestnutSt., Phila

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

AND

-wine: ■sa.A^.TNG.

By Oborge Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri .with contributions from well-knovm Grape Growers, giving

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt oi^price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

After Forty years'
experience in th»
preparation of more
than One Hundred
hous.ind applications for patents in
le United Slates and Foreign coun-
tries, the publishers of the Scientific
American continue to act as solicitorg
for patents, caveats, trade-marks, copy-
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to obtain patents in Canada, England, France,
Germany, and all other countries Their experi-
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passed. ^ . ,, .
Drawinprs and specifications prepared .\nd filed
in the Patent Office on short notice. Terms very
reasonable. No charge for examination of models
or drawings Advice by mail free

Patents obtained tliroughMunn&Co.arenoticed
inthe SCIENTIFIC .OIERIC AN, which has
Ihe laretist circulation and is the most influential
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The advantages of such a notice every patentee
understands.

This large and splendidly illustrated newspaper
is p'.iblished "WEEliLiY at $3.00 a year, and is
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If you have an invention to patent write to
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Uaudbook about patents mailed free.

BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY B. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their cliief varie-
ties ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 4^
pages, I2mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

17

^-^d!^:^.

CULTIVATORS of Flowers, Fruits and
Vegetables, for pleasure or profit, in
garden, greenhouse, conservatory, win-
dow-box, orchard, vineyard, lawn and kitchen-
garden, find an ever-ready helper in The
American Garden, an illustrated monthly
journal of horticulture.

In 1887 will appear special illustrated arti-
cles on Tested Fruits and Plants ; on Famous
Country Places ; on the Gardens, Work and
Methods of Practical Horticulturists; on the
Rose, Chrysantheit^um, Narcissus, Gladiolus,
etc.; on Landscape Gardening; also on Women
in Horticulture, Education, etc.

Its pages are the work of practical men and
women in all sections.

Price reduced to ;^i.oo a year; former
price, I2.00. All premiums abolished. With
Gardeners' Monthly, ;^2.25, if ordered
before May ist.

E. H. LIBBY,

No. 47 Dey Street,

New York.

For Sale

Cuts of Illustrations
in Oct. number, as foUows :
Ridgeview, page 290.. 85.00
Bertrand Grape, p. 305 .$5.00
Also in November number, as follows :
Residence of N. P. Baily, pages, 322 and 321, two cuts. .56 00

Mangrove Forest, page 343 3 00

Resi<ienceof Wm. Barton, page 354, Dec. No 10 00

" " Robert Colgate, page 3, Jan. No 12 00

" J.M. filford, pp. 35 and 36, Feb. No 12 00

OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

p-IEZI.D UffOXES

ON

APPLE CULTURE.

BY L. H, BAILEY, JR.

80 pages. 12mo cloth. Illustrated.

Mailed postpaid on receipt of 75 cents.

CHA.S. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The ORCHARD HOUSE

Cultivation of Fruit Trees Under Glass.

Edited and arranged by T. Francis Rivers, 266 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid, for 12.00. Address,
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PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price 81.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

pe:.a.ch: cxxi-txtre-

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.
Comprising the experiences of many of the largest growers
in the country ; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward olf and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 cents
by mail, postpaid. Address :

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibberd.

A handy guide to the construction and management of plant
houses and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price ^8.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

l8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HAl-BflOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants.
As a book o I reference il will take the place for al' practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European
works of this kmd. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
matt irs of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work em hraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders ol all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All imporiant species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrang-ment ol book is alphabetical, and any
plant can he quickly referred to under scien tide or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
model of culture can be referred to at once. A Iso compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bo'ind in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, 83.00. AddreRs

CH AS. H. MA ROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."
Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a sucplement, including the
new plants and varieties, 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

81^ Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETEK HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

NEW AND GRE.ATLY ENLARGED EDITION and
Illustrated with numerous new engravings. 376 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Price. 82.(i0. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ot price.

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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

IHt BEST METHODS EMPLOYED 11 ENGLAND anJ FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translati<ms of Mr. Leboeuf s Essay on Asparagus.
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type. Price, »7 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Philad'a

CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
Paper, 32 pages, 12mo. lUustrated, Price, 40 cts. ; by mail,
post-paid. Address, _

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Cbestnut St., Phila.

THE PEACH;

Its Cnlture aM Blseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

EJx-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peacli Growlers and

Gardeners of Penusylvania and all Districts

aftected by the •• Vellows" and other

Diseases of ttie Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, SI. 00. Paper, 60 cents.

MaUed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

£hnbracing: Part I.— General Review of the Order.

Part II.— Synopsis oj Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part III.— The Planting of Coniferce.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Garden krs'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
In Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 340 pp., 8vo, neatly bound in cloth. Price, $3.00,
mailed, postage free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Cliestnut St., Phila.

FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848. inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, Vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. 1 to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in ^ calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illusti-ated with
numerous lull page and triple folded page, Colored and
plain plates of plants and fruits. Magnificeut typography.
Invaluable and VERY RARE. Secure them! Price, $75.00.
If possible call and see them. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Choice Stove and.Greenhouse^ Plants

By Benj. S. TTilliams, i?. R. H. S,

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
$5.00. Sent by mail post- paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St., PhUC,

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

ioT iii& Amateur axiA Professional Florist. Illustrated. 311 pages,
lamo, cloth. Price, ^1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt et
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia-

THE HOTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING. ESQ.

Adapted to North America, with a view to theimprovementin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations 5 the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
of the house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
593. Royal 8vo. Price, ;J6. 50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now out of print and when the few
remaining copies at present in stocl: are disposed of no more can
be had. Those who wish to secure a copy of this valuable work
while the chance is yet open, should speak at once. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMTTEIi B. PAKSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Dlustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price 81.50. Sent
bytmail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Every Woman

HER OWN FLOWER GARDENER.

BY DAISY EYEBRIGHT.

Dlustrated. 148 pages, small 8vo, cloth Price, 81.00 ; by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

COUNTRY HOME.

BY WM. C. STRONG.

205 pages, 16mo, cloth. Price, 81.00, by maU, post-paid.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CANADIAN FORESTER'S

ILLUSTRATED GUIDE.

BY J. C. CHAPAIS,

C. L.,

Member of the General Committee of the Forestry Asso-
ciation of Quebec, Canada. 199 pages, illustrated with 126
engravings. Price 81.25, by mail, post-paid. Address,

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HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING
FROM $250 TO $8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT-

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
cost, with many practical suggestions, and 175 illustrations; 243
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 mailed, post-paid on receipt ol
Price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. S14 ChestnutSt., Phila.

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, 81.00 ; by mail,
post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

RARE ^ CURIOUS
«QU} WORKS>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrari! sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages, Quarto, 41 full page plates and
index rerum. Bound in Vellum. Paper in perfect state
of preservation $25.00

Horsford's Plants of Java.

Folio. Pages 16>^ x 11 inches, containing 367 full-page
impressions of Dried Plants of Java. Full index.. $25
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

[One- fourth full size. J

THE MINERAL IXKSTAND

Composed of twenty different minerals, petrifactions, crys-
tals, fossils, and gems of the great Roclcy Mountain regions
of Wyoming, Colorado and other parts of the Far west,
comprising gold, silver, copper and iron ores, agates, ame-
thysts, topazes and other precious stones, of rainhow hues.
The natural and brilliant tints of the various specimens
make it a cabinet of rare beauty. It combines instruction
with utility, and is an epitome of the mineral wealth of the
"Rockies." A splendid ornament for the desk, shelf or
table, or a novel and lasting gift to a friend. Sent, post-paid
for $2.50 on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

The Orchids of New EoglanJ,

A Popular Monograph, By Henry Baldwin.

Octavo, 157 pages, 62 Illustrations, fine English cloth. Price
$2.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Where the Material Comes From. Where to Get Them in the
Cheapest Form. How to Compound Formulas, &c., &c.

BY J. J. H. GREiORY, A.M.

116 pages, paper. Price, 40 cents, mailed, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
Instructive manner. Many valuable hmts are given to
amateurs respecting the sowing of seeds, rooting of cuttings,
window gardening, insects on plants, etc., etc."— Concord
Monitor,

Pp 162 ; octavo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, gilt, 60 cts. mailed, post-
paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

20

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

•^^TEACHING^

AND SELF-TEACHING BY

NATURAL METHODS.

cts.

The New Botany, by Prof. Beal, paper, Price 25

Industrial Education in tbe Public Schools, by Prof.

Straight, paper 15

How to Use Wood- Working Tools, by Geo. Leonard

Chaney, cloth 50

GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.

Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
" n— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper 25

" HI— Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-
beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

** V— Common Hydroids, Corals and EchinodQrms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, Illustrated, paper 30

" VI— Mollusca; Oyster, Clam and other Common

Mollusks, by Prof. A. Hyatt, paper, 111 35

•' VH— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Illus-
trated, paper 35

" Xn— Common Minerals and Rocks, by Prof. W. O.

Crosby, paper 35

Any of above mailed post paid on receipt of price.
Address,

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LANGUAGE SERIES.

A new system on the most simple principles, for Universal
Self-Tuition, with English pronunciation of every word.
Revised Edition.

German at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards 3.5 cents.

French at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards 35 cents.

Spanish at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards 35 cents.

Italian at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
Boards 35 cents.

Mailed, postage free, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

A popular review, containing chapters on Orchid Lifei
Orchid Flowers, Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes, Uses of
Orchids, History of Orchids, Value of Orchids, Hybrid
Orchids. By Lewis Castle (Author of "Cactaceous Plants").

OPINIONS.— Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P.: "A useful
little book." Baron Wchioder, The Dell Staines: "I have
read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.
I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."
R. I. Lynch, A.L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University
Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. The
selection of matter is most interesting, and there could be
no better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid
Conference than this little book."

12mo, 60 pages, 13 illustrations. Price 50c., by mail.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
ponica, by Robert J. Halliday. Illustrated with Five Colored
Plates and 50 Wood Engravings, 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, 82.00.
Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

The Botanist's Pocket Book.

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp. 208. By W. B. Hayward.
Containing in a tabulated form the chief characteristics of
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
Soil and .Situation, Growth and Time of Flowering of every
Plant, arranged under its own Order. Price $1.70. Mailed,
postage free. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

PHOTOGRAPH

OF THE

ORIGINAL mUl ?m TREE?

150 TO 200 TEAKS OLD AND STILL, STANDINGI

Send for one and have something more than a mere tra-
dition. They are mounted on card board, 8x10 inches, and
will be securely mailed for 50 cents. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher.

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH. PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, S2.00. Will

be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

fioiltCbeaplSoliCbeai!

A $1.50 BOOK FOR A DOLLAR.

inp I nT Rand's Seventy-five Flowers. Only a few
I\JO UU I copies for the price and no more at that rate.
Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

M of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,

Appropriately and fully illustrated by 186 cuts, showing
methods, tools and appliances. Pp. 230, 12 mo. cloth, flexi-
ble. Price 81.25 mailed, postage free. Address.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street Phila.

GAGTAGEOUS PLANTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents : by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND OOT BUILUINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpock^.
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, Ci. 50. Mailed,
post paid on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Coniferse or Cone-bearing plants.
Handsomely illustrated. 435 pages, 12mo, cloth. Price 83.00-
Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address

CHAS. H. MAROT,
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Library Journal 4 50

Lippincott's Magazine 2 .50

Literary World, newSl. 75; renew.. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 8 00

Little Folks 1 30

London Anthenfeum 5 OO

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 4 30

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardenine. Illustrated 1 SO

London Gardening World 2 15

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 .3.5

" " " reprint.. 2 90

L'Orchidophile 3 75

Macmillan's Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History. . . 4 25

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 15

Maryland Farmer 90

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New England Homestead 2 25

New York Evening Post, daily 8 3U

" " " " semi-w'kly. 2 SO

Fashion Bazar.monthlv... 2 40

New York Independent,fl yr. only 82 75
" " Medical Journal, w'kly ... 4 75

" " Observer 3 00

" •' Sun, weekly 1 00

" " Times, weekly j 00

" " Times, semi-weekly 2 36

" " Tribune, weekly 1 10

" " Tribune, semi- weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weekly 1 00

" " World, weekly & Premium 1 00

Nineteenth Century, reprint 4 25

Notes and Queries. London 5 60

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer 1 00

Orchid Album 15 00

Our Country Home 50

Our Little Men and Women 90

Our Little Ones A The Nursery 1 35

Outing 2 50

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 90

Peterson's Magazine 1 65

Philad'a Press, daily S-i.TS; weekly. 95

" WeeklyTiines 165

Daily " 2 80

" Sunday " 1 65

" Medical Times 1 75

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. 81.90; no pr.. 1 75

Popular Educator 80

Popular Gardening & Fruit Record'r 85

Popular Science Monthly 4 25

Popular " News,new,9C; renew. 1 00

Portfolio, The 7 00

Poultry Bulletin 90

Poultry Nation 65

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 15

Practical Farmer 1 25

Practitioner, Medical 3 15

Prairie F'armer 1 30

Presbyterian 2 65

Puck 4 25

Queries 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Revue Horticole 4 10

Revue de 1' Horticulture Beige .... 2 90
Rural Californian, newSI.2(i;ren'w 1 40
Rural New Yorker, & Seed Prem. 1 85

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Saturday Evening Post 1 75

SchoolJournal 2 50

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 65

" " Supplement 4 20

" & Supt. together. . 6 00

Scribners' Magazine

Hhorthand Guide

Shorthand Writer

Southern Cultivator

Student 90

Sunday Magazine, English 2 25

Teachers' Institute 1 25

Tlie Present 90

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 5"

Treasure Trove 1 00

U. S. Official Postal Guide 135

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine 95

Watchman new 82 25: renew 2 5<»

Western Agriculturist 80

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 55

Westminster Review (rejjrint).... 2 90

Wide Awake 2 20

Youth's Companion 1 75

2 65

40

1 75

1 20

Herald, weekly 1 00

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of sairi ■pnppr to insure attention.
Remit by P.O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Currency is at ri.sk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER.

Gardeners' Monthly with American Agriculturist for »2.85

" Florist 2.50

" Garden a 60

Botanical Gazette for 3.25

Horticultural Art Journal for 4.0O

The Cosmopolitan for 3.76

Special Combinations

Address

CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) irill be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address. CUAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 4 50

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 300

Amateur's Green liouse, Hibberd 3 00

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 3 00

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., lll'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 .50

Breck's New Book of Floivers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 3 25

British Kungi, Cooke, colored plates 2 50

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 50

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols.. lU'd 4 00

Chapman's Floi-a of Southern United States 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 150

Chrysanthemum. The, Fish 25

Cooks British Fungi 1 50

Cook s Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2.50

Cottage Gardening, Hobday 50

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 175

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, coloi'ed plates 1 50

Fern Paradise,iirdplain.S3;col.plates,L75; photos 5 00

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 1 .50

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 1 .50

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.i Nos., $2; bound vols. 2 75

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

Halliday's Camellia Culture 200

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 150

Heinrich's Window Flower Garden 75

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 150

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 1 00

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 250

Orchids, a Review by Lewis Castle 50

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00

Paul's Hook of Roses 50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 700

Paul's Roses in Pots 100

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose 150

Band's Bulbs 250

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Rand's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture 3 .50

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00

Robinson's English Flower Garden 600

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New. Rare & Beautiful Lv'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 3 75

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl. 1 00

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50

Two Thousand a Year on Fruitsand Flowers 1 25

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 25

■Wayside Flowers, Meehan, 31 colored plates 5 00

White's (ilardening for the South 2 00

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 200

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S.. Orchid Growers Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50

Williams,B.S.,Stove*Greenh se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 5 00

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50

Window Gardening, Williams 1 50

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Your Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman.. 1 50

Apple Cul tu rist, Todd 1 50

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated 75

Barry s Fruit Garden .* 2 5(i

Bassett's Cranberry Culture 30

Chorltons Grape Growers' Guide 75

Downing's Fiuitsand Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 17.5

Du Breuil s Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 20(i

Elliott s Fruit Growers Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ; cl. 1 00

Fitz s Southern Appleand Peach Culturist, 150

Flagg s European Vineyards 150

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson 3 75

Fruit Growers Hriend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 1 60

Fuller s Small Fruit Culture 1 50

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist 20

Fulton on Peach Culture 150

Harazathy's Grape Culture and "Wine Making 5 00

Ho w to Propagate an d Grow Fruit, Green 50

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 00

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 26

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 76

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prollt 100

Reemelln's 'Wme-makers' Manual 1 26

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 1 00

Rivers' Orchard House 2 00

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 26

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 200

White's Cranberry Culture 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Architecture 160

Architects'& Builders' P k t Comp'n, cl., 1.50 ; tuck 2 00

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 1 25

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 160

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 100

Butlers Ventilation of Buildings 60

Carpenter's and Joiners Hand Book (Holly) 75

Cooper's Rural Hours 200

Cottage Houses. Reed 1 25

Downing's Cottage Residences 3 00

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 150

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 150

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Waring s Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward s Graperies and Hort. Buildings 100

■Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, paper $1.00; cloth. 1.50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordon s Pinetum 600

Hoopes on Evergreens 300

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 300

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd .. 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch & Manual ot the Conifeiae, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Iniurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits. Saunders 3 00

Packard s Guide to the Study of Insects 600

Packard's Hall-Houis with Insects 2 50

Packard s Our Common Insects 150

Riley 8 Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisnel2 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 500

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, 111 d 5 00

Diagendorff 8 Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Grays How Plants Grow 1 25

Gray's Lessons on Botany 100

Gray's Manual of Botany 2 25

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, in 1 vol 4 00

Grays Structural Botany 230

Gray's School and Field-Book of Botany 250

Henderson's Hand-Book of Plants 8U0

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

23

Johnson's How Crops Peed 200

Johnson's Kow Crops Grow 2 0(i

LindleysTreasuiy of Botany, 3 vols 600

Loudon's Encyclopedia of Plants 13 60

Microscopic Pungi, Cook, cold plates 2 50

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary 10 00

Twining's Natural Order of Plants, 2 vol 16 00

Wood's Class Book of Botany 3 50

VEGETABLES, GARDENING. &c.

Asparagus Culture

Brldgeman's American Gardenei-'a Assistant.

Bridgemans Kitchen Gardener's Instructor.

De Voes Market Assistant

Fitz's Sweet Potato Culture

Gardening liy Myself. Warner

Gardening for Young and Old, Harr

Garden Ueceipts, Quiu

Gregory on Cabbages

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzels, &c

Gregory on Onion Raising

Gregory on Squashes

Hendersons Garden and Farm Topics

Henderson's Gardening for Profit, New Edition...

Hogg's Vegetable Gaiden

Kitchen and Market (iarden

Musliroom Culture, Robinson

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright

Onion Culture

Pea Nut Plant and Cultivation

Quinn 3 Money in the Garden

Schenk's Gardener's Text Book

Tillinghrtsfs Manual Veg ble Plants, paper,50c.; cl.
Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler

AGRICULTURE. MANURES. RURAL ECONOMY. &c.

Allen's, R. L.,and L. F., New American Farm Book

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Beet Root Sugar

Bommer s Method of Making Manures

Bous.>.ingalts, J. B., Rural Economy

Brills Farm-gardening and Seed-growing

Broom Corn and Brooms, paper, 50c, ; cloth

Colorado as an Agricultural State, Pabor

Curtisson Wheat Culture

Dana s, Sam 1 H., Muck Manual

Diseases, Kield and Garden Crops, Smith

Farm Conveniences

Farm Homes, Le and

Farming for Boys

Farming for Profit, Reed

Five Acres too Much (illustrated) ,

Flax Culture (7 Prize Essays by P'c't'l Growers)..

French s Farm Drainage

Garden, Farm and Barnyard, Jacques

Gregory on Fertilizei s, paper

Hand-book of Grasses, John Henderson

Harlans Farming with Green Manures

Harris' Talks on Manures

Hop Culture, by Nine Experienced Cultivators...

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How the Farm Pays, Crozier and Henderson

Johnsons Elements of Agricultural Chemistry...

Johnstons, J. S. W., Agricultural Chemistry

Klippart s Land Drainage

Klippart 8 Wheat Plant

Loring s Farm Yard Club of Jotham

Lyman's Cotton Culture

Manual of Agi-iculture, Emerson and Flint

My Farm of Edgewood

Nichol s Chem istry of the Farm and Sea

Norton's, Jno. P., Elements of Scientific Agric...

Our Farm of Four Acres

Pedder s, James, Farmer's Land Measurer

Plant Lite on the Farm, Masters

Quincy, Hon. Josiab, on Soiling Cattle

Scott's Soil of the Farm

Silos and Ensilage, Thurber

Stewart 3 Irrigation for Farm, Garden & Orchard.

Stewart s Sorghum and its Products

Ten Acres Enough

Thomas', J. J., harm Implements and Machinery.

Thompson's Food of Animals

Tim Bunker's Papers, or Yankee Farming

Tobacco Culture, by 14 Experienced Cultivators. .

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual

Vine's Chemical Manures

Waring's Drainage for Profit and Health

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

Waring's Farmer's Vacation

Waring's Handy Book of Husbandry

Warington's Chemi.-^try of the Farm

Wilson's Drainage for Health

Youman s Household Science

50
200
100
2 50

50
125
125

2 50
175
125

25
160
100

75
150

50
125
150
150
150
150

3 75
150

30
150
150

40
150
100
175

30
100

2 50
150
175
175
175

3 60
150
150
175
125

75
60
60
100
125
100
60
150
150
100
150
100
150
25
160
125
150
100
300
2 50
100
100
175

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC AND GAME, TREATMENT, &c.

Allen's, L. F., American Cattle 250

Allen's, R. L., Diseases of Domestic Animals 1 00

Amateur Trapper & Trap Maker's Guide, pa. 60; bds 75

American Bird Fancier (Brown's) 50

American Fisli. How to Catch, by Old Angler 1 00

Batty's How to Hunt and Trap 1 50

Batty's Practical Taxidermy & Home Decoration. 150

Beale s Profltabio Poultry Keeping 180

Bements Poulterer's Companion 2 Ot)

Bements Rabbit Fancier 30

Blessed Bees, Allen 100

Book of the hlack Bass, Henshaw 3 00

Book of Household Pets, paper, 50c.; cloth 75

Brown s Taxidermist's Manual 1 00

Burnham's New Poultry Book 2 00

Canary Birds, paper, 5UC. cloth 2 75

C!lok"s Diseases of sheep 1 26

Coburns Swine Husbandry 1 75

Cole s American Veterinarian 50

Cook's Bee-keepeer'3 Guide, cloth, $1 25; paper 100
Corbett's Poultry Yard & Market, paper. 50c ; cl. 75
Dadd's American Cattle Doctor, 12mo. $1.50, 8vo... 2 50
Dadds American Reformed Horse Book,Svo. cloth 2 50

Dadd s Modern Horse Doctor 1.50

Dinks, Mayhew and Hutchinson on the Dog 3 00

Fishing with the Fly, Orvis 2 50

Florida and the Game Water Birds, Roosevelt 2 00

Fly Fishing. Salmon, Trout & Grayling, Hamilton 1 75

Frank Forester s American Game in Season 150

Gevelin's Poultry Breeding 125

Goldfish and its Culture, Mulertt 100

Guenon on How to Select Cows 75

Guenon on Milch Cows, new edition 1 00

Harrison the Pig 1 50

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers 175

Holden s Book of Birds, paper 25c., cloth 50

Horgeand His Diseases, Kendall 25

Horse, How to Buy and Sell, Howden 1 00

Horses, their Feet and their Feed, paper 50c., cloth 75

Hunter and Trapper 100

Jersey, Alderneyand Guernsey Cow, Hazard 150

Keeping One Cow 1 00

Langstroth, Rev. L. L., on the Hive and Honey Bee 2 00

Lewis' Practical Poultry Book 150

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management 3 00

McClure's Disease on Am. Horse, Cattle and Sheep 2 00

Miles on the Horse's Foot 75

Miners, T. B., Bee Keeper's Manual 1 25

Norris' Fish Culture 176

Prairie Experiences. Cattle & Sheep, Maj. Shepherd 1 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping ] 60

Rabbits for Exhibiiion, Pleasure and Market 1 25

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 100

Randall's Practical shepherd 2 Co

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50

Reasoronthe Hog 150

Richardson on the Dog, paper, 30c., cloth 60

Scientific Angler, Foster 1 50

Shooting on the Wing 75

Slack 8 Trout Culture 100

Sportsman's Gazetteer, Hallock 3 00

Standard of Excellence in Poultry 100

Stewart's Shepherds Manual 1 50

Stewart s Stable Book 150

Stoddard's An Egg Farm, paper, 50c , cloth 75

Taylor's Bee-Keeper's Manual, lU'd 2 15

Thompson s Food of Animals 1 00

Trappers Guide 150

Walton's Complete Angler 150

Waring's Essay on Jersey Cattle 50

Wright's Brahma Fowl 2 50

Wright's Practical Poultry Keeper 2 00

Wright's Pi-actical Pigeon Keeper 1 50

Youattand Spooner on the Horse 150

Youatton Sheep 100

Youatt on the Horse 1 75

PRACTICAL. TECHNICAL, MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet 125

Art of Propagation 30

Art of Saw Filing 75

Building Associations, How to Manage 2 00

Building Associations ; What they are, and Use. . . 75

Butler s Family ^quarium — 75

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 3 Oo

Garde'ner's Carriage Painter s Manual 1 00

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand, paper 25

Household Conveniences 1 50

How to Make Candy 50

How to Paint 1 00

How to Read 100

How to Use the Microscope, Phin 1 00

Industrial Education in Public Schools, Straight 15

Mayhew s Practical Hoiik-keeping for Farmers 80

Mrs. Cornelius' Young Housekeeper s Friend 150

Painter, Gilder and Varnisher 150

Ropp 3 Easy Calculator, cloth, $1.00 ; morocco 150

Scribners Ready Reckoner and Log Book 85

Wells' Every Man his own Lawyer 200

Wood-working Tools How toUseThem.Whittake 60

u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

Send orders early as possible. Changes of copy must be in
by 16th. New orders received after 24tli of montli cannot be
insured insertion in next issue. Fly-leaf copy {new or
changes) must be in by 16th.

Associated Fanciers, Pliiladelpliia 13

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Berckraans P. J , Augusta, Ga 12

Berger H. H. <fe Co., San Francisco, Cal Fly-leaf page 2

Blauc A., Philadelphia 11

Bloomington Nursery, Bloomington, Ills 13, 16

Bridgeman Alfred, New York 8

Brill Francis, Hempstead, L. I.. N. Y 8

Burpee W. Atlee & Co., Philadelphia 13

Bush .John S., New York 11

Business Directory U

Collins John S., Moorestown, N. J -Ith cover page

Cowen N. & Son, New York 24

Crawford M., Cuyahoga Falls, O 21

DaCostaChas. W., Jacksonville, Fla 16

Dillon J. L., Bloorasburg, Pa 11

Dingee & Conard Co., West Grove, Pa 6

Douglas R. & Sons, Waukegan, Ills 4th cover page

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia 6, 11

Elliott B. A., Pittsburg. Pa 11, 12

Ellwan'^er <S Barry, Rochester, N. Y 16

Ely Z. De Forest & ("^o. , Phila 16

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 8

Gardeners' (Chronicle, The, London, Eng 4

Gelven Jos. Tipton, Mo 24

Green's Nursery Co , Rochester, N. Y 3

Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 15

Hales H. W., Ridgewood, N. J 6

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 8

Hippard E., Youngstown, O 13

Hitchings&Co..New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio 12

Joosten C. H., New Y")rk U

Knauth, Nachod & KUhne, New York 4

Laudretb D. & Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Lenault-Huet, Ussy, Krauce 8

Libby E. H., New York 17

Livingston's A. W. Sons, Columbus, O...' 11

Manly & Cooper Mfg. Co., Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

McAllisterF. E.,NewYork 24

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 6,12

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Munn & Co., New York 16

Myers & Co., Philadelphia 9

Pabor W. E.. Fruita, Col Fly-leaf page 2

Page T. S., New York 15

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Patterson C. Venton & Co., Rochester, N. Y 14

Finney Geo., Evergreen, Wis 11

Plenty Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

Raoux C. New York 6

Rawson W. W. &Co., Boston, Mass 15

Roberts Josiah A., Malvern, Pa Fly-leaf page 2

Rolker Augusts Sons, New York "

Saul John, Washington, D. C ^6

Schultheis Bros., New York 13

Seal Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 11

Sibley Hiram &Co., Rochester, N. Y 11

Smith David, Boston, Mass 7

Smith Wm. H., Philadelphia 11

Solly Geo. A. & Son, Springfield, Mass 15

Spath L., Rixford, Germany 3

Sturtevant E. D., Borden town, N.J 13

Thorburn J. M. ACo., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Transon P. <fe E., Orleans, F'rance 6

Van Geert A., Ghent, Belgium 11

Vanhorne, Gritfen <fe Co., New York Fly-leat page 2

Vick James, Rochester, N. Y Fly-leaf, page 2

Waterer H., Philadelphia 13

Weathered Thomas W.. New York 10

Willow Ridge Fruit Farm, Portland, Mich 11

GREENHOUSE and STOCK OF PLANTS, etc. Also 7
ACRES of GOOD LAND with a beautiful yard of TREES,
SHRUBS and EVEKGREENS ; aKsu a good 5 roomed house
and plenty of good water. SPLENDID ORCHARD and
out building. The best location in CENTRAL MISSOURI
for a GARDENER and FLORIST. Just outside the cor-
poration line. No Greenhouse within 26 miles. Best op-
portunity ever offered. Reason for selling, failing health.
Address, JOS. 6£LV£N, Tipton, Mo.

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advaace, witli
the order, at rate of 50 cents for every 36 words per insertion.

BY an English gardener, the care of some private place ;
can furnish the very best of reference as to character
and ability in all the branches, including landscape garden-
ing. Married, one child 13 years old. Address, A. H. S., 125
Walnut Place, West Philadelphia.

BY an Englishman, married, no family. Gardener or Florist,
thoroughly understands his business in all branches.
15 years in United States ; satisfactory reasons for leaving
my present employer. Best of reference. Address A. B.C.,
118 Jefferson Street, Syracuse, N. Y. ja2

AS gardener; Scotchman, married, age 35. Thorough,
practical in all greenhouse work, graperies, vegetable
garden and lawn. Enthusiastic, strictly sober, honest ; not
afraid of work. Glad to hear from any one requiring such
service. J. H., Box 638, Canajoharie, 5f. Y.

BY German florist & kitchen gardener, situation on private
place where there are greenhouses. Married, age 31.
Address, Florist, Box 282, Ravenswood, Cook Co., Ills. f2

AS gardener by young Englishman ; 28 ; single. Good flower
and vegetable grower ; understands greenhouses, lawns
and care of gentleman's place. Ist-class references. N.
Slocombe, Townsend Ave., New Haven, Conn.

AS gardener and Klorist by an Englishman. Thoroughly
practical in all branches. Orchids and roses— special-
ties. Not afraid of work. 14 years in America. Excellent
references from previous employers. Gardener, care of
Mr. James Vick, Seedsman, Rochester, N. Y.

r, E, UcALllSIEK, Seed ud Stlb Uerebut,

22 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

OFFERS NEW SEEDS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Centaurea Candidissima, Packet 10 ; 1000 seeds .60

" Gymnocarpa, " 10; ft 02, .75

Petunia, Blotched and Striped, Packet, .10; oz. l.OO

" Dwarf compact, " .26 j oz. 2.60

Reseda, White Upright, " .lO; oz. 1.50

" Machet, " .10; oz. .75

" Brind. Mammoth, " .lO; oz. 1.00

Coboea scandens, " .10; oz. 1.00

Calendula Meteor, " .05; oz. .25

Phlox nana coinpacta, " .26 ; oz. 6.00

Aster, Perfection, separate colors, " .26 ; oz. 2.60

Rlixed, " .26; oz. 2.00

Pansies, German Poetical, separate, " .10; oz. 3.00

" Mixed. " .10; oz, 2.60

Vinca, 3 sorts, separate, each, " .10; oz. .75

Balsams, Camellia, separate, each, " .10; oz. .76

Mixed, " .10; oz. .65

For others see our Wholesale Seed List ready February Ist.

Desirable Greenhouse property. Im-
provements consisting of brick green-
house, containing 3000 square feet of
glass; heated with hot water throughout,
well stocked with plants, together with half acre of ground
on which stands a good 8 roomed dwelling-house, with stable
attached. Ground planted in small fruits. Good retail trade
for both cut flowers and potted plants. Property located in
Mt. Holly, N. J. Length of lease to suit tenant, who must
have some ready money to purchase stock on hand. For
further information address,

Bex 160. Bristol, Fa.

TUIT " IFQQIF " Is thought to be the most desira-
I nC. JCiOOit ble Strawberry ever introduced I
have a large stock of my own growing that I am authorized
to sell to the trade at special rates. Send postal for history
and description.
ja4 M. CRAWFORD. Cuyahoga Falls. O.

BFFORE BUYING GLASS.-

GLASS

FOE

Conservatories,

■ ESTIMATKS

GLASs'^i

Greenhouses, Conservatories, Graperies,

Hot-houses, Hot-beds and all other

purposes, at Lowest Rates.

zsT. oo-wEn^ &c soisr

207 CANAL ST., NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHOICEST FLOWER SEEDS

FOR FLORISTS' USE.

WHOLESALE LIST FOR 1887— NOW READY.

MAILED FREE TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION

We Slmn no Expense to obtain the best ^^'^ most reliable Strains, ^^'^

■we are not afraid to pay a gOOd price for a good Strain; ^s such Florists may expect to
be xirell served when they send their orders to us and to obtain tlieir money's worth, even il once in
a while our quotations appear high. When properly treated, our seeds will give satisfaction to every one.

Address :

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

CHEAP ORCHIDS

B. s. miAis

Having an immense Stock of all the leading species and
varieties in small and specimen plants, both in the im-
ported and established state, is now offering them at
exceptionally low prices.

Particulars and prices furnished upon application.

SPECIMEN PLANTS

B. S. fflLllAMS

Having for many years made Specimen Plants, suitable
for Exhibition and Decorative purposes, a specialty,
gentlemen about furnishing Conservatories and Winter
Gardens would do well before purchasing to pay these
Nurseries a visit. The magnificent collection of Flower-
ing and Foliage Plants, Tree and other Ferns, Cycades,
Palms, Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, &c., is perhaps the
largest in Europe.

Victoria^ Paradise Nurseries

Upper Holloway, London N., England.

PITTSBURGH, PA,,

Offer Large Well-grown Fruit and Or-
namental Trees, etc., including Japan
Maples, Rhododendrons, Hardy Azaleas,
Circidiphyllum Japonicum, Magnolias,
Ampelopsis Veitchii, etc. Also, Flower
and Vegetable Seeds, and Murdoch's
Superior Lawn Grass Seed. Send 3 cts.
to pay postage on Illustrated Catalogue
for 1887, describing our Ndw Alternan-
thera and other novelties. mh2

MOLE TRAP.

For destroying ground moles in lawns,
parks, gardens, and cemeteries.

The only PERFECT mole trap in exist-
ence.

Guaranteed to catch moles \rhere all
other traps fail.

Sold by Seedsmen, Agricultural Imple-
plement and Hardware dealers. Illustrated
circulars sent Free on receipt of stamp.

H. W. HALES,

dl2 BIDGEWOOD, N. J.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

ORLEANS, FRANCE, ^

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1886 and 1887

la now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kiihne^

5 & 7 S. William St., New York.

Thia Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Fruit Tree Stocks, which are unusually fine and cheap this
«ason ; an extensive list of Frait Trees, New and Hardy Ornamental Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and Beat
Conlfera and Rosea on their own Roots. Also, Small Conifers, Deciduoaa and Evergreen Ornamental Trees,

I and 2 yeara* Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

JtS" N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. tn§

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES:

O. Q. "VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, ---.-.- Haarlem, Holland.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, .--.-.. Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBU FA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ A SON. Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedamen and Floriata.
whose CataJoffues wUl be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl3

TREE SEEPS AND STOCKS.

We have now a Catalogue ready of Seeds of Trees, Shrubs and Fruit Stocks, that
are ready for Spring sowing, which will be sent free to all applicants.

Among these are limited supplies of Apple, Pear, Plum, Mazzard and Mahaleb Seeds,
which will be sold at the lowest figures for a first-class article.

We have also limited supplies of Mahaleb, Plum, Pear and second-class Mazzard
Stocks, which will be sold at reasonable rate to close up for the season.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantown, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

„ „.„.„. NEAR BLBECKBR STREET,

Bate-BurnIng Water Heater '

Threesizes. Patented, 1873. METlAf V^^DI^

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES -

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

Gorrngated Fire-box Boiler. T" /^ "^lU" "IPTP T^'"^ h '^-^

Five sizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. -I— JV^ VV ..C^ J-\J.±.\.^ I* IK7>

IMPROVED

Sash-raising apparatus,

Lifting-Bods for Sasties,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five size.. New Patterns .877 logue, wlth References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^ ^ ROSXSS A SPSCIAIjTV ^ ^

FOR NEAELY TWENTY YEARS OUR BUSINESS HAS BEEN GROWING AND DISTRIBUTING ROSES.
We oflFer the Largest and Most Complete Assortment in this Country. STRONG, WELL-MATURED
PLANTS, in Large and Small Sizes, Suitable for ROSE GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FORCING HOUSES,
&o. All the Popular Sorts in Large Supply— AMERICAN BEAUTY, BENNETT, THE BRIDE, HER MAJESTY,
PERLE DES JARDINS, PIERRE GUILLOT, PAPA GONTIER, C. MERMET, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, BON SILENE,
LA FRANCE, GEN'L JACQ., and over 400 other Varieties, COMPRISING THE CHOICEST NEW AND OLD
STANDARD SORTS for GENERAL PLANTING ; all at very Reasonable Prices. Also, HYDRANGEA GRANDI-
FLORA, VIBURNUM PLICATUM, JAPAN JUDAS, NEW DEUTZIAS, NEW WEIGELAS, and a Full Line of
the Finest HARDY SHRUBBERY and CLIMBING VINES, including AMPELOPSIS, AKEBIAS, EUROPEAN
and EVERGREEN SWEET-SCENTED HONEYSUCKLES, WISTARIAS, &c. — all in STRONG, OPEN-GROUND
PLANTS. Catalogues on application. Address,

tf5 THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Pa.

FRUIT TREE STOCKS

4 VERY FINE— VERY CHEAP

^

4®-The following price list is in CORRECTION of that in January number, which by somebody's blunder was
made to read " per 100,000." The advertiser meant to say "per 10,000," as quoted below. Inquirers please take notice.'i©8l

Per 10,000

Quince, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 8 70.00

No. l,4to6mll'rs 50.00

" " 2, 3 to 5 mll'rs 30.00

Fears, Extra Fine, 7 mll'rs and over '0.00

" No. 1,6 mll'rs and over 70.00

" " 2,4to6mll'rs 30.00

" " 3, 3 to 4 mll'rs, to be transplanted 20.00

Apples, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 65.00

No. 1, 5 to 7 mU'rs 40.00

" Extra, transplanted, 8 mll'rs and over 80.00

" No. 1,6 to 8 mll'rs 60.00

Doucin, Paradise, Extra 60.00

" " No. 1 40.00

Prunus, St. JuUen, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 50.00

Per 10,000

Frunus, St. JuUen, No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs $ 35.00

•' " Fine Standards, Extra, 8 mll'rs and

over 150.00

" No. 1,6 to 8 mil 'rs 100.00

" Mirobolan, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 30.00

" " No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs 30.00

" " " 2, 3to4mll'rs 15.00

" " Transplanted, Extra, 7 mll'rs & over 40.00

No. 1,5 to 7 mll'rs.... 25.00

Cerasus avium, Extra, 7 mll'rs and over 50.00

" " No. 1,5 to 7 mll'rs 30.00

" Mahaleb, Extra, 6 mll'rs and over 20.00

" " No. 1, 4 to 6 mll'rs 16.00

" " " 2,3to4mirrs 13.00

I will send on demand prices for Assortments of 5,000. 10,000, 25.000, 50,000, K0,000 Stocks franco New York free of
any charges, packing included. Roses on own roots, Alanetti or Briar. Standards, very tine ; Half Standards, low
budded; New Varieties. 200,000 disposable, very cheap. Forest Trees, Young Seedling Stocks, Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs. Young Stocks disposable by millions. Very reduced prices.

TO FLORISTS

New Variety of Lily of the Valley,
Convallaria majalis grandiflora (true.]

This quite new variety has very large flowers, and is quite superior to the old variety. Mr. E. Car.iere, in the
Itevue Horticole, says in its report on the Paris Exhibition of May, lb85 : " I will call particularly the attention of Florists
to this fine new variety of Convallaria, which is quite distinct from the old variety, by its very large flowers, nearly double
in size, which makes it very superior. This fine novelty will be a very precious plane for all Florists."

The Convallaria majalis grandiflora (true) has been awarded a FIRST PRIZE
at the Paris Bxhibi- DPIPC Per doz., $2.50; per 25 plants, $4; per 100 plants,
tion of May, 1885. miUt $12; per 500 plants. $45. NOTE.— All orders and
correspondence must be directed directly to [established 1827.]

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Ciiatenay (Seine), pres Paris, France.

ONLY MONEY MATTERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers, Messrs. JOHN MONROE & CO., 32 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

TREES, GRAPE VINES AND
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

A large lot of No. 1 and 2 Peach, 1 year, also No. I and No.
2, 2 years, of leading kinds. Large lot of Norway Maple
of sizes ; also of Sugar Maple, 12 to 16 ft. Silver Maple
and American Linden of sizes. Norway and Hemlock
Spruce, 2 to 5 feet. Balsam Fir; Siberian, American,
Reid'8 and Golden Arborvitae ; Irish Juniper. Concord
Grape, 2 and 3 years. An assortment of Shubhery and
Greenhouse Plants. .Send for prices. Nursery within two
minutes' walk of Pa. R. R. Depot at Christiana Station.

W. P. BRINTON,

°^b2 Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa.

Orchids.

A very large stock of choice East Indian Orchids, viz.:
PHALANOPSIS, RENANTHERA, SACCOLABIUMS,
BRIDES, CYPRIPEDIUMS, DENDROBIUM.S, &c. Also
Central and South American Orchids, as CATTLEYAS,
L^LIAS, LYCASTES, ONCIDIUMS, ODONTOQLOS-
SUMS, well grown plants, and at as low rates as it ia pos-
sible to offer these fine sorts.

CATALOGUES MAILED FREE.

.hi JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses f Graperies, Conservatories , Propagating Mouses, For*

cing JPitSf Buhlic and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Seating Water for Baths,

ALSO KCEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Hpe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA.VID SIMCITIZ,

myl2 BOSTON. nSA-SSL

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS-SPECIALTY.

E. VERVAET & CO., WONT ST. AMAND, GHENT, BELGIUM,

DIRECT IMPORTERS AND CULTIVATORS OF THE BEST SORTS OF ORCHIDS.

We offer all the GOOD and SHOWI ODONTOGLOSSUMS, plants well-established, healthy-lookine
and snre to flower, at prices from $1.00 to $3.00 each ; the $3.00 plants showing spike, if so desired.
All the BEST GROWING and FLOWERING OATTLEYAS, established and fine healthy-looking plants,
firom $3.00 to $6.00 each, the $6.00 plants showing spike, if in the proper season. All sorts of
OTPRIPEDIUMS, MILTONIAS, MASDEVALLIAS, ANGULOAS, LTOASTES, LffiLIAS, &c., in
healthy, established plants, from $1.00 to $4.00, according to size and variety.

EXCEPTIONAL VARIETIES, RARE PLANTS, or HYBRIDS, at Moderate Prices on application.
We have also LARGE STOCKS of the GHENT PLANTS, ARAUCARIA EXCELSA, AZALEAS,
DECORATIVE PALMS, &c., &c., at CHEAP PRICES.

RnnTirn PIITTIMCC Of the most desIraWe varieties in
UUICli UUIIinUO cultivation are ready for shipment.

ROOTED CUTTINGS

These, if ordered early— planted and hardened off gradually before planting in open ground— will do well,

j% ^_WM WJ^'W^ jm 'W fc^r^ "W ir "W We will furnish transplanted plants at one-quarter addi-

JMLXt M. MimX\, _f%_ r^.r^ ■ M ■ ^ tional price per 100 all the varieties named on this list.

Correspondence solicited with parties desiring more than 1000 each of Snowdon, Edwardsii, Seawan and Century.

THOMAS F. SEAL, Unionville, Chester Co., Pa.

EVERYTHING THAT ig

Is offered ana imy— t-"°°-<H.f^v»-='=°T»y described in our

CATALOGUE No. 4181 which this year we send out in an illuminated cover. The Catalogue
is replete with new engravings of the choicest flowers and vegetables, many of which can only be
obtained from us; and contains, besides, 2 beautiful colored plates, and very full instructions on
all garden work. Altogether it is the best ever offered by us. and. we believe, is the most complete
publication of its kind ever Issued. Mailed on receipt of 10 cents (in stamps), which may be de-
ducted from first order. Please be sure to order Catalogue by the number.

PETER HENDERSON & GO. ^s & " cortiandt s..,

PLANTS, ROSES, VERBENAS, &c.

WE OFFER IN EXCELLENT QUALITY

VERBENAS, ROOTED CUTTINGS, including MAMMOTH STRAIN $ 10 per 1000

POT PLANTS with several branches 20

TEA ROSES, our selection 35

" Buyer's selection 40 "

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES in 50 sorts 60

Select collections of everything in the Florist Line. Send for Wholesale Price List. We offer several
valuable new plants to Florists. Address,

NANZ & NEUNER, Louisville, Ky,

EVERGREENS

25 varieties; FOREST TREES,
SO varieties, all sizes. Prices from
50 cents per 1000 up. 50 varieties ,
of TREE SEEDS. Lowest Prices, !
, Largest Stocii and Greatest Varie-
! ty in America. Large Trees for .
Street and Park Planting in great i
Si vaJiety, by the carload. Wholesale Lists'Ucc.
GEO. PINNEY, Evergreen, Door Co., Wis.

CARNATION S",=;„KS. "S^

CULTURE

tains the sum of informaiiou

on tliis plant. Contents Free.

Price, 81.50, post-paid.

LORA L. LAMBORN. Alliance. Ohio.

London Gardeners^ Clironicle.

Will be furnished, nnst-paid, direct to subscribers in the U . b.for
reduced rate of #4.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. rt.MAROT, Agent, 8i4 Chestnut St.. PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THOS. J. MYERS, Jr.'s

NEW IMPROVED PATENT

RETURN FLUE BOILER,

For Heating Greenhouses, Hothouses, Public and Private
Buildings, Drying Rooms, Railroad Tanks, &c.

They are Guaranteed to be the Most Powerful, Durable and JSco-
nomical Bailer ever ma^e in this Country,

We are also mannfactiiriiig all tlie various sizes of MYERS*
PATENT and SWAIN'S IMPROVED BOILERS, PIPE, DOUBLE
and SINGLE VALVES, EXPANSION TANKS, ELBOWS, &,c.
PIPE CHAIRS and all Varieties of Fittings for HEATING BY
HOT WATER.

Send for Illustrated Circular and Price List,

-T

aptf

1173 South Ninth Street,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inprovel lol Water Sdlers

FOR HEZATIiarG

(Ireeilioiises, Graperies, CoiserMes, Fropptii inses, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BUSUTESS PIRECTOFtY,

49** Send for conditions of insertion under this heuding.'^ft

P. i. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Ornamental I THOMAS MEEHAN, | H. L.WHEATLEY.Trees

I Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil. I

Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta, Ga. 06 | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

Fruit & Ornamen-
tal, Shrubs, Figs, &c., Altamonte, Fla. auia

100,000

VXSRBSNAS.

The choicest old and new varieties at ISiS.50 per 100;
«20.00 per 1000. NO RUST OKMILUEW. Packed light
and satisfaction guaranteed.

tmyl2

J. L. DILLON, Bloomsburg. Pa.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)
jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

A.. BI^/IlNC,

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SEEDSMKN AND NURSERIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. 8eiid 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

SITH'S IllQstraled M Cataloine.

FREK to all applk-aats deslrio?
CHOICE SKI.KCTIONS of KLOWER,
VEGKTABLE.FrELD.BIKU SEKDS,
Sic., ASPARAGUS arul other roots,
true to iiiaiie and ot lie.>t quality.
IMP I.EM KNTS aud everything per-
taining to the GARDKX or GRKKN
HOUSR at lowost prices. ATRIAL
ORDER SOLICITKIJ,

WM. H. t^MIXH, Seedsman,

1018 MARKET 8T., Fhiladeipliia, Pa.

New Roses.

New Plants.

IttUSTRATED CATALOGUE AND TRADE tlST FREE.

PAUL BUTZ & SON,

mh2 NEW CASTLE, PA.

B

Grown in the far NORTH-WEST
will produce crops from 10 to 20
(lays earlier than any others. TRY
THEM and be CONVINCED.
Catalogue free to all. Address,
OSCAR H. WILL,,

Bismarck, Dak.
50 Trial Packages by mail, post-
paid, $1.00.

TO CLEAR BLOCKS

We offer for Slarch delivery 1500 Cedrus Deodora,

3 feet, at »35 per 100. 10,000 Cherry Trees, 5 to 7 feet, at
»100 per 1000.

P. J. BERCKMANS,

Fraitland Nurseries, Augusta, Georgia.

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, New York City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS. PALMS and
FERNS. tauia

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America tor John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can oifer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. Prices $3 to 812 per
dozen , 815 to 8"5 per hundred, freight from England added.
Standards and specimens, 82 to 815 each. Small orders filled
from stock in our nursery. Crders of 825 and upwards may
be selected from Messrs. Watterer's catalogue, the largest
and best collection in the world, and will be shipped in our
care direct trom England. Orders taken now for spring
delivery. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Full
particulars and our superb illustrated catalogue of Roses,
Hardy Plants and Bulbs sent free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

ni2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

lOTOOO FINE CLUMPS lO^OOO

Spirsea Japonica

Address, ^T SPECIAL PRICE.

C- H. JOOSTEN",

Importer of Plants,
dtf 3 COENTIES SLIP. N. Y. CITY.

SESDS!

My Annual Priced Catalogue is now ready and mailed free
to all applicants. It contains all the leading and most popu-
lar sorts of

yeplai, Fam ni Flower Ws,

Besides all the desirable novelties of last season, and nearly
every thing else in my line of business.

ALFRED BRIDGEMAN,

f? 37 East I9th-St., New York City.

TUBEROSE BULBS.

PEARL, 1st size, per 100 1B2.00 ; per 1000 817.00

•• 2d size, Blooming, per 100 S1.50 ; per 1000 lO.OO

DOUBLE, 1st size, per 100 «3.00; per iOOO 17.00

•• 2d size, Bloommg, per 100 »1.50 ; ^ 1000 10.00

f4 Nurserymen and Florists,

Established 1853. MARIETTA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RARE TREES AND SHRUBS.

If people only knew how much beauty there is among the thousand curious
Trees, Shrubs and Vines grown in MBBHAN'S NURSERIES, they would not be
satisfied with selecting from the few dozen
chiefly known. We have decided, in order
to increase knowledge, to offer an EXTRA
INDUCEMENT. We select the following,
with the prices annexed in our Catalogue :

Daphne Mezereon, Sweet-scented Spurge Laurel .50

Flowering Dogwood, Comus florida 75

Blood -leaved Japan Maple SI.50

Japan Judas, Cercls Japonica i.OO

Maiden Hair Tree, Saiisburia 1.00

Japan St. John's Wort, Hypericum patulum.. .50

Japan Snowball 50

Fuchsia Weigela, Weigela floribunda 75

Weeping Beech 1.00

Golden Japan Cedar, Retinosporaaurea 50

Cray '* " " squarrosa... .50

Hybrid Rhododendron I.OO

Japan Yew, Cephalotaxus Fortuni 75

Sorrel Tree, Andromeda arborea I.OO

Soulange's Magnolia .75

White Fringe 50

These Catalogue figures are already low for rare plants. They amount to »12. 50. We will sell any one at the
figure quoted— packing extra— but if the WHOLE COLLECTION be taken, price «10.00— with packing free.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, containing all the departments of our extensive Nurseries, mailed to all appli-
cants for 6 cents in stamps.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, GERMANTOWN, PHILA.

RHODODENDRON.

^M

fe?

nHS

^^P?

9H|

^P'

^P

^ii

ihi^h^kH

|^§|i^WfA*

m^K^m

^I^hI''

f^'i^

^'^m^

—A REAL GARDEN—

tHE fourth and enlarged edition of our book, A Few Flowers
Worthy of General Culture, ready February 1st, is certainly
the most beautiful work on flowers yet published. In it we
have endeavored to show how a most lovely and fascinating
garden can be made with hardy plants, and how great a mis-
take is the present almost universal custom of using nothing but the
so-called bedding plants, Geraniums, Coleus, etc., for gardening
purposes. The book is superbly printed, and among its contents are
the following illustrated papers : "Hardy Plants and the Modes of
Arranging Them," "Tropical Garden Effects," "Hardy Plants in
England," "Decorative Possibilities of Hardy Climbers," "Roses
Old and New," " Splendid Garden Etfects with Hardy Lilies," "The
Making of the Hardy Hordtr," "Success with Hardy Roses," and
"Rhododendrons, Kalmias, and Hardy Azaleas." The illustrations
are profuse and most artistic, and show the garden effects of differ-
ent plants.

This book of real merit and exquisite beauty will be sent, post-
paid, for 50c., bound in durable flexible covers, or in leather for
75c.; but the price paid will be allowed on the first order sent for
plants, making the book really free to customers.

Our Descriptive Catalogue, containing a complete list of the best
New and Old varieties of Roses, Clematises, Rhododendrons, Hardy
Azaleas, Carnations, Lilies, Tuberoses, Begonias, Gloxinias, and the
largest collection of Hardy Plants in America, sent on receipt of lO
cents in stamps. Our Special Lowpi-iced Offers of valuable and well-
grown plants sent free.

The Musa Ensele {J'hQ Great Abyssinian Banana) is a remark-
able and the m^st beautiful plant known for producing a tropical
effect in the garden or lawn. We have a large and almost exclusive
stock, which we offer at very low prices.

B. A. ELLIOTT & CO., 57 Sixth St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Novelties

New Rose-Colored Violet
MME. MILLET.

This is the sweetest of all the Violets, flowers very large
and double. Having introduced the Maria Louise, first to
this country, which has given so much satisfaction, I can re-
commend it as a first-class variety. Gardenia japonica,
small plants are covered with buds. Price ol Violets, 50c.
each; 84 per doz.; 1820 per 100; 2>4-inch pots. Gardenia
Japonica, 3-inch, 50c. each. Address, mh2

J. COOK, 318 Charles Street, Baltimore, Md.

MPdNLYifHtBESS«»

[li.ustkated Catalogue. Free.

A.D.COWAN&CO.

114 Chambers Strcot, New York.

Jhi

I

0. BULBS&GARDEN^TOOLS <0b

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

= XI .A. re: tat^AlTeii i.ii.ie:s=

CHOICE Aquatic Plants in Variety. The
Largest and Choicest Collection in the
Country. The Nelumbium, or Sacred Lotus
of India and China is Hardy in the United States.
Grand New Japanese Nelumbiums, Rose Colored,
White and Variegated. The True Cape Cod Pink
Water Lily, $4.00 each ; two for $7.00. Seed of a
New Crimson Victoria regia. Aquatics for Fish
Ponds. General Collection of Greenhouse Plants,
Orchids, &c. Catalogue free to those mentioning
this magazine.

E. D. STURTEYANT, Bordentown, N. J.

Red

^v^^^Y<! ^\

Yellow

-irij-w^j

^^vl\ jM^ JSjl^

^i^^^-i^r^^

White

^

Pink

'%^'i.r^^r%^

-irWiTiJ

Blue

Purple

9

Per 100

Pure White and Hardy. . . .»8.00

VERBENAS, Mammoth Strain 2.00

PANSIES. Giant 3.00

DAISIES, New Quilled, Red

and White S.OO

GERANIUM, Mad. Salleroi.... 2.00

" Zonale 4.00

" Ivy leaved 6.00

PENTSTEMONS, Fine, Named. 6.00

PETUNIAS, Best Double 4.00

AGERATUM.Snow Flake 6.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 6.00

TEA ROSES 84.00 to 6.00

NOVELTIES IN

Roses, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Begonias, Car-
nations, &.C., in Fine Stock.

£. HIPPARD, Yonngstown^Oliio.

Write for Trade Circular. ftf

FtOSSS! ROSSS!

We have the largest stock of imported and self-grown

roses. Our self-grown roses are ready for shipment now.

Our imported rose. bushed are ready for shipment by end

of November. We can ship at any time all during this winter.

We keep our roses in cellars free from frost, thus enabling

us to ship in the coldest weather any time when plants are

wanted. We ship by express as there is no danger of plants

getting frozen. Catalogue on application. Our roses are

two and three years old, out-door grown and well branched.

This offer does not include the new roses of '84, '85, '86.

Lowest ca«h prices for the trade.

100 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind $10.00

100 Teas, purchasers' select. , not less than 5 of a kind 1 2.00

1,000 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind 95.00

ItO H. P., our selection of vars., " " 10 of a kind 8.00

Lily of the Valley, strong forcing pips, 810.00 per 1,000,

«05.()O per 10,000.

Mr. John Henderson's Foundling, Papa Qontier, dark
crimson Tea-rose ; 1 plant, 50c. ; 12 plants, $5.00. Cash must
accompany all orders. ja4

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

Box 78. College Point, L. I.

My vegetable and flower seed catalogue will b«
Bent free to all who write for it. It Is full of fln»
engravings, with over forty of the best of all th«
new vegetables. It contains among Its vast variety
a larger number of home grown seeds, I have
reason to believe, than can be found In any other
catalogue pabllshed in this country. Farmers who
make money from valuable new vegetables are
those who, being the first to raise them, get a mo-
nopoly of their markets. Such will plant largely
ot this king of all the early drumheads, the All-
Seasons Cabbage; for, my friends, it has come to
tay ! JAMES J. H. 0BE60RT, Marblehead. Mass.

ja6

1838-POMONA NURSERIES— 1887

A Superb Stock of Lawson, best Early Mar-
ket Pear, Klefler, best Late Market Pear. Le
Conte and other Pear Trees. Wilson, Jr., Lar-
gest known Blackberry; 163 bush, per acre— 4>^
inches around. Erie, the Largest very hardy
Blackberry. Marlboro and Golden Queen Rasp-
berries. Parry and Lida, best Market Straw-
berries. Niagara, Empire State and other Grapes
in large supply. AH the worthy old, and prom-
ising new fruits. Catalogue Free.

mh3 WM. PARRY, Parry, N. J.

lOO Best Kinds! 30th
year. Catalogues free.
Concords. »8 per 100:
SB18 per 1.000. 1 Empire
State and 1 Niaga - •--
ton, Delaware, Ives,

Martha, Moore's Ear . . ^ ,

Diamond, Vergennes, &c., at lowest rates. Ra8pber>

ries. Gooseberries, Jessie Strawberry, Lucretia Dew»

berry, &e. CEO. W. CAMPBELL, D«law»r«. Ohio. mh2

TO mmm m riOBisis s^.x.u'^^'ls

LEGRAND.Supt.City Parks,202>^ Spring St., Los Angeles.Cal.

. . ipii.

Niagara for !B1 post paid. Brigh-
~— ves, Elvira, Lady, Catawba,
Early, VVorden. Pocklington,

ORPEFS

FARM ANNUAL FOR 1887

GARDEN.
FARMand

elsewhere. Send a

Will be sent FK EE to all who write for it. It is
a Handsome Book of 128 pa<ce!<, with
hundreds of illustrations, three C-'OLiORED
PLATES, and tells all about the BEST
Dill DO Dl AUTO Therousbbred stock
DULDO) rLUn I Of and Fancy Poultry.
It describes Rare Novelties in Vegetables and
9 Flovers of real value, which cannot be obtained

S^mx.ie&"clt'^tee°pubgkto W.ATLEE BURPEE & CO.phil;»delphia.pa.

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TOPICAL SCRAP-BOOK SYSTEM.

rrrrrnnni!

The Need of it.

Articles of great value are constantly appearing in the
secular and religious periodicals, and any one who does not
save valuable newspaper matter is losing a great deal. The
words of One wiser than Solomon are pertinent here—
" Gather up the fragments that remain that nothing be
lost."

But all the methods for preserving newspaper clippings
previously in use, have serious defects — take too much time
Xofindtketn, to fold, re-/oldand replace them^ and are not
handy for rapid reference. Now the

Topical Scrap-Book System
does away with all these difficulties. With this library any
literary person secures, in handsome form and at his fingers'
ends, a systematic classification of all valuable newspaper
matter. It is not one or two scrap-books filled with all
sorts of matter, but

A " Separate" Scrap Book
for each important subject, made expressly for the purpose^
with the title lettered on the back. (See cut above.)

Its Advantages.

ist. All the matter upon any given subject is collected
together^ and can be found in a moment.

zd. It saves time. There is no hunting to be done, or
folding, refolding or replacing. A touch of mucilage at
the top and bottom of an article, and it is in its place. This
permits them to be removed when no longer desired, or
parts of them to be cut out for platform or otlier use.

3d. It is handy for suggestion, as well as for reference.
A feature possessed by no other system. A book on any
subject may be taken down and glanced over at will.

4th. It is convenient in size, being no larger than an
ordinary hand volume, 6>^ by 10 inches, yet large enough
to preserve any amount of material, containing 120 pages.

5th. A handsome addition to the book shelves, filling
them with a fine set of leather-backed books, looking like a
finely bound Encyclopaedia, and they are nothing less than
that when filled with choice cuttings.

6th. And cheap beyond example. A big point, for it
enables a man to have a Library of such books, instead of
the usual one or two, and at a small outlay.
The Titles.

We put upon the books any titles you may want. The
following titles are suggested :

1. Illustrations. 2. Temperance. 3. Mis-
cellaneous. 4. Social Questions. 5. Politics.
6. Education. 7. Christian Work. 8. Ser-
mons. 9. The Bible. 10. Missions. 11. The
Church. 13. Christianity, 13. Personal. 14.
God. 15. Book Reviews. 16. Isms. 17. Es-
chatology. 18. Sunday School, The Young.
19. The Christ. 20. Sin and Atonement. 21.
Holy Spirit. 22. Exegetical. 23. Devotional.
24. Homiletic Notes. 25. Social Questions.
26. Duties and Graces. 27. Preachers and
Preaching. 28. Biographical. 29. Revivals.
30. Health.

Views of Eminent Persons who have Used them.
Hon. Andrew D. White.

President of the Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

It seems to me that you have hit upon an admirable

thing. My only wonder is that of Columbus companions

in the setting up of the &g% — namely, that no one had done

so good and simple a thing before.

Rev. W. M. Taylor, D. D„ LL. D.

Pastor Broadway Tabernacle, N. V.

I received your specimen copy, and have been so much
pleased with it, and with your whole plan, that I beg now
to enclose check that you may send me twelve volumes with
the titles indicated below. I have lost a great deal for lack
of such a series of books.

Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.

Pastor First Baptist Church, Philadelphia, Pa.
You have reduced the idea of a Scrap-Book to a perfect
system. I do not see how anything in this line could be
simpler, more complete, cheaper, or more valuable.

Rev. George F. Pentecost, D. D.

Pastor Thompkins Ave. Congregational Church, Brooklyn.
Please send me ten volumes of your Scrap-Books, with
titles as I have selected. I have used many scrap-book sys-
tems, but have abandoned all in turn, because they were all
complicated, or else without system. I believe yours to be
the best extant.

From the " Examiner," New York.

We have received a specimen of the " Scrap-Book Li-
brary" for inspection. It is the cheapest, most convenient
and best contrived plan for permanently preserving news-
paper clippings that we have ever seen. In its special field
this series of books is without a peer
Price.
The volumes are put at the marvdously low price
of 75 cents each.

1st. We will send sample volume, with any title
you may choose to put upon the back in gilt, postage
prepaid by us, upon receipt of 75 cents. If you are
not satisfied with the book, it may be returned and
we will refund the amount paid for it less the
postage.

2d. If you order a half dozen, after you obtain
your sample, we will, upon receipt of the price,
$4.50, make you a discount of 5 per cent, from the
price.

3d. If you order twelve volumes we will give
you a discount of 10 per cent.; and pay express
charges to your nearest express station.

^ — r

C. VENTON PATTERSON & CO.,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

IS

B. S. WILLIAMS'

PRIZE STRAINS OF

FLORIST FLOra SEEDS

The best in cultivation, universally grown, never fail to

give satisfaction. Free by mail to any part of

the United States or Canada.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

CALCEOLARIA

Herbaceous (finest mixed),
Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.

This fine strain has been selected
from the dwarf est and most distinct
types and will be found unequalled
for size of flowers and brilliancy of
colors.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

CINERARIA

(Extra choice mixed).
Per packet. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.
A superb strain of very dwarf
branching habit and strong consti-
tution, containing a great variety
of colors.

WILLIAMS'

CYCLAMEN CICANTEUiVI

(Mixed), containing 4 varieties.
Per packet, 2s. 6d.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM

(Mixed), per pkt, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.

The finest strain in cultivation. For
varieties of Cyclamen in separate
colors, see Illust'd Seed Catalogue.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

GLOXINIA

Choice mixed,
Per packet. Is. 6d.

This produces immense flowers, of
the most brilliant and varied colors,
both of the erect and drooping^ra-
rieties.

WILMAMS'

rmUlA SINENSIS riUBSIATA

(Mixed packets containing 6 vars.)

Is. 6d. and 28. 6d. per pkt.
This superb strain has stood the test
for 30 years, and never fails to take
first prizes wherever exhibited. For
new Primulas and superb strain of
Primula, see Illust'd Seed Catalogue

For choice Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials, see ILLUS-
TRATED SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1887, gratis,
and free by mail on application.

Victoria » Paradise Nurseries

Upper Holloway, London N., England.

JOHN SAXXt-'S^

Catalogue of New, Rare »"j Beautiful
Plants for 1887,

* IS NOW READY. *

MAILED FREE.

Lovers of fine plants will find a large collection of beauti-
ful and rare plants as well as all novelties of merit. This
rich collection is well grown and offered at very low prices.
^\^3 /^XXTT^C! -^ ^^'y large collection of rare
\JSXtS,J.M^JLMJt^ Orchids, viz.: Fhalsenopsis,
.brides, Cypripediums, Cattleyas, Dendrobiams, Sac-
colabiuins, Laelias, Odontoglossums, Sio.
T^ ^^CJ^pgt An immense stock of all the New French
X^X^ldJl^O and English Varieties. Pot-grown At
cheap rates. New Rose Catalogue Free.
g^Y X^IWT A T'TC O^ ^^"* ^^^y beautiful plant
\ ^ g4 md " " ^^ * * ^ ^ most extensive collection
is grown. TUe piniits are tine.

Catalogues of Orchids, Roses, Seeds, Fruit Trees, &c.,
mailed fi ee to applicants.

„4 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

600 ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREESHPLANTS

We offer for the Springtrade
of every description of FRUIT i

large and fine stock
I Ornamental
TREKS, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, SMAI.,!^
FRUITS, Iledae Plants, Fruit Tree Seed-
liiiss.and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Cata.
logue. Spring of 18«7, mailed free. E^tnhlifihed 1852.

BLOOMINGTON PH(£NIX)NURSERY

SIDKEY TCTTLEA (JO. Froprietorj, BLOOMlNtiTON. ILL

Pink Pond Lily,

^OF CAPE COD^

The most beautiful WATER LILY. Strong Roots from the
Original Stock, »4 each, 2 for »7, 3 for »10, 6 for »18,
12 for «34, 25 for «65, 50 for »125, 100 for »300.

NTMPH^ A ODORAT A, »6 per 100. Send for Pkick
List of all the Best Hardy and Tender Sorts. Address,

H. W. MANN, Stoughton, Mass.

Pennsylvania Agricultural Wcrks, York, Pa.

— ^^- " Farquhar's standard Engines

^ and Saw Mills.

Force Phospliate Feed Com Planters and Grain Drills. Standard Imple-
ments generally. Send lor catalogue. A. £. Fasquhab, York, Pa,

MPRAIAIirnDn of CUYAHOGA falls, O., is
. UnnWrunU, the only Nurseryman who sells

strawberry Plants of HIS OWN GROWING. tS- Send

postal for history and description. ja4

Ci^VKT X!* in m SEED from 40 acres. EARLY
O VV Xi £i X GOLDEN, and all kinds. 3,000,000
Tl^\nn A 11/^ plants in May and June. Write
Jt^ \J X ±^ X \J for circulars.

W. W. RATHBONE, Marietta, Ohio.

DOC BUYERS' GUIDE.

Colored plates, 100 engraviugs]
of different breeds, prices they are
worth, and where to buy them
Mailed for 16 Cents.
ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,
237 S. Eighth St. Philadelphia, Pa, J

i6

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

1887

FOR SPRING PLANTING!

NOW IS THE TIME TO PREPARE YOUR ORDERS.

1887

dard

fully CuItivated_ColIection3 in the U. S. of i" IX %* ■ I I I\ K K ^ and Dwarf.

All the Best New C Ail A I I t? D I I I TO AU the

id Old Sorts. OlVIMLL r rC W I I O Best,

INCLUDING THEFAMOUS NEW GOOSEBERRY "IM-Z3USTRY/*

We offer the Largest, MostComplete and care- »■ r% III TT T D ET ET O St
fully Cultivated Collections in the U. S. of " 1^ W ■ I I Ix Ca b O

GRAPES

UDINCTHEF

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS AND EVERGREENS.

U^^^^ J^^^ Of every class, the Finest in cultivation. Catalogues sent to all regular
^% ^^^9 ^m ^9 customers FRISE. Toothers: No. i. Fruits, loc.; No. 2, Ornamental
Trees, &c., illustrated, 15c.; No. 3, Strawberries; No. 4, Wholesale; No. 5, Roses, Free.

ELLWAITGER & BARR7, '"°"'';roaagfEr»'??f'"^^'

The West kerican Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
California. Eminent Scientists of the United States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

f^' Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

ORCHIDS

LARGEST COLLECTION IN AMERICA. Cheap as Good Roses.

Enclose stamp for Catalogue, which will give practical
instructions how to grow these Queens of Flowers.

BRACKENRIDGE &, CO.,

(Saccessors to A. BRACKJE>fKII>GE,)

Estab. 1854. Rosebank Nurseries, Govanstown, Bait. Co., Md.

ftr Mention tbU paper.

s

ibiey's Tested Seed

Catalogue free on application.

Send for it.

HIRAM SIBLBY & CO.,

ROCHESTER. N. Y. & CHICAGO, ILL.

s

To introduce them,
we will GIVE AWAY

BIG OFFER

1000 Self-Operating Washing Machines. If you want
one send us your name, P. O. and express oflace^t
once. THE NATIONAI. CO., 23 Dey Street, N. Y.

W. W. RAWSON & CO.

Boston, Mass.,

Tden, Field and FIowbt Saed^

84 South Market S

and Growers of

SUCCeSSOBS TO

B. K. BLISS & SONS, formerly of lS»w Tork.

OJTR Kew Catalogme for 1887, beantifnlly IIln»tr»tod, with tw«
large colored plates and many choice ensraTingi, BS MB*^
X 11 inchea, will be tent to our cuetomen of laat year, klio to
H-mer caetoinera of B. K. Blisa <i Sons, without charga— to •U

others opoD receipt of lOoentB in stamps, which will be reftinded
with first order. B. K. BLISS, aurriTing partner of aboT*
firm, ia with us, and will give hia peraonal attention t« ordts
from their former customers.

ja3

NEW BOOK ON GARDENING

jBUCCESS In Market Ctardenlng and Vegetable Grower's Mannal, by W. W. Bawaoa. PraeHeal

Oaidenar. The most ioatmctlTe work of the kind •rtr published, full of important information to market gardener* m4
to all growoa of Tegetablea in large or amall qnantttiea. 180 pagea, f ally iUoatrated, sent post-paid by mail, upon receipt of tLO^

DESIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.
SECOND EDITION.

This is a collection of over one hundred drawin^fs for Or-
namental Flower Beds with names of Plants for arrangring
the same. The drawings are nicely engraved, printed on
Sood paper, conveniently bound, and are a great help to
gardeners and amateurs who wish to have their grounds
arranged to the best advantage. Price, $3. Sent by mail
post-paid.

"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.

Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

DITAiriM irCQ Its causes, and a new and successful
tPirilt.00 CUBE at your own home, by one
who was deaf twenty-eight years. Treated by most
of the noted specialists without benefit. Cured himsBH
in three months, and since then hundreds of others. FmM

particulars sent on application.

n6 T.S. PAGE, No. 41 West 31st St.,

York City.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE,

with explanations of the laws of motion and orce as applied on the
(aim, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; newand
revised edition, 313 pages, 13 mo, cloth, price |i. 50; mailed postage
free on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

By Edward Sprague Rand, Jr.

A treatise on Hardy and Tender bulbs and Tubers . 369 pages, xmo,

cloth. Price, $3.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhiU.

TttE HORTICULTUkAL ADVERTIS£R.

One of the Fullest, Freshest, and Most Valuable Hand-
hooks of the Age. Indispensable to Every
Practical Man. Just Keady.

The Techno-Chemical Receipt Book

Containing several thousand Receipts covering tlie Latest,
Most Important, and Most Useful Discoveries in Chemical
Technology, and their Practical Application in the Arts and
the Industries. Edited chiefly from the German of Drs.
Winckler, Eisner, Heintze, Mjerzinski, Jacobsen, Koller,
and Heinzerling, with additions by William T. Brannt,
Graduate of the Royal Agricultural College of Eldena,
Prussia, and William H. Wahl, Ph.D. (Held.) Secretary of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia ; author of " Galvano-
plastic Manipulations." Illustrated by 78 engravings. One
volume, over 500 pages, 12mo, elegantly bound in scarlet
cloth, gilt, closely printed, containing an immense amount
and a'great variety of matter. Price, ^2.00, free of postage
to any address in the world.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

GARDEN

AND

FARM

TOPICS

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Mode&of Heat-
ing.— Formation and Renovation of Lawns. — Onion Grow-
ing.—How to Raise Cabbage and Caulitlower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Fann Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture. — Humbugs
n Horticulture.— D raining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
$1.50 ; by mail .post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden,

Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

\fldrfss CHAS. H. MAEOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

' THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.
A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila

The ORCHARD HOUSE

OR THE

Cultivation of Fruit Trees Under Glass.

Edited and arranged by T. Francis Rivers, 266 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid, for $2.00. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ON

APPLE CULTURE.

BY L. H. BAILEY, JR.

90 pages. 12mo cloth. Illustrated.

Mailed postpaid on receipt of 75 cents.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. PhUa.

BARRY'S-

Fruit Garden

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATS BY

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, $2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Cbestuat Street, Fhlladelplila.

1^ <^ -^ 1 -». ^^"^^ o^ Illustrations

W fll" ^^Vl I •^^ in Oct. number, as follows :
■*■ ^i'-*' ^^^*A^> Ridgeview, page 290. .85.00

Bert-rand Grape, p. 305. S5.00

Also in November number, as follows :
Residence of N. P. Baily, pages, 322 and 324, two cuts. .$6 00

Mangrove Forest, page 343 3 OO

Residence of Wm. Barton , page 354, Dec. No 10 00

" " RoV>ert Colgate, page 3, Jan. No 12 00

" " J. M. Tilford, pp. 35 and 36, Feb. No )2 00

•' L. V. Stone, pp. 65 and 67, March No 12 00

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUadelphia.

i»EA.CIi CXTLTXJRE-

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.
Comprisingthe experiences of many of the largest growers
in the country; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward off and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 cents
by mail, postpaid. Address :

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AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

AND

By George Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri ,with contrihutions from well-known Grape Growers, giTinK

A WIBE KANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibbekd.

A handy guide to the construction and managementof plant
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AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibbbrd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in theopenground
and under glass; the formation of the Kosarium ; the charac-
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for exhibition; the raising of new varieties ; and the work ol
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iS

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HMD-BOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants.

Ab a bools of reference it will take the place for all practical

purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European

werks of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
matters of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Kose, have been
idyen at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders of all leading
eenera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
Btrnctlons for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement ot book is alphabetical, and any
nlant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper,handBomelybound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, 83.00. Address _ ^, .,

on rece p (^^As! H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

GAiiLJLHiNEKS' DICTIONARY .

) By Gbo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."
Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. ioe6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price.
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GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETER HENDERSON.

* A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

NEW AND GREATLY ENLARGED EDITION and
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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tie BEST METHODS 0PLOYE!) ll ENGLAND and FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBENSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essaj; on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for Its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
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ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division x. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

DrvisiON 2.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
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CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES "WEBB.

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idress,

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THE PEACH;

Its Culture ai Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ebc-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afl'ected by the *» Sellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, Sl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

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BY JAMES VEITCH.

jEhnbracing : Part I.—Oene)al Meview of the Order.

Part II.— Synopsis 0/ Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part III.— The Planting of Conifei-ce.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustia-
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mailed, post^e free. Address,
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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
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descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
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FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848, inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, Vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. 1 to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in J^ calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
numerous lull page and triple folded page. Colored and
plain plates of plants and fruits. Magnificent typography.
Invaluable and VERY RARE. Secure them! Price, 875.00.
K possible call and see them. Address,

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Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams, JF. R. A. S,

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
farietics. Instructions for their cultivation and modi' of luanage-
tnent. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
$5.00. Sent by mail post paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

(or \he Amateur and Professional Florist . Illustrated. 311 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, ^1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

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THE HOTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

19

Downing's Landscape Gardening and
Rural Architecture.

BY THE LATE A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

AdaptedtoNorth America, with a view to the improvementin
country residences. Comprising historical notices of the art, di-
rections for laying out grounds and arranging plantations ; the de-
scription and cultivation of hardy trees, decorative accompaniments
ofthe house and grounds, the formation of artificial water, flower
gardens, etc.; with remarks on rural architecture. With two sup-
plements by H. Winthrop Sargent. Handsomely illustrated, pp.
592. Royal 8vo. Price, J6. 50, by mail, postage free.

The above work is now ont of print and when the few
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CHAS. H. MAKOT,

814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMTTBIi B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
tlose. niustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price »1.50. Sent
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Every Woman

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FRUIT CULTURE

And the LAYING out and MANAGEMENT of a

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BY WM. C. STRONG.

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CANADIAN FORESTER'S

ILLUSTRATED GUIDE.

BY J. C. CHAPAIS, B. C. L.,

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HOUSE PLANS FOR EVERYBODY,

FOR VILLAGE AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES, COSTING

FROM S250 TO $8,000.

By S. B. REED, ARCHITECT.

Including full descriptions, and estimate in detail of material, labor,
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Price. Address,

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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, 81.00; by mail,
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RARE ^ CURIOUS
<KOLD W0RK8>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cuitura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages. Quarto, 41 full page plates and
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Horsford's Plants of Java.

Folio. Pages 163^ x 11 inches, containing 367 full-page
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[One-fourth full size.]

THE MINERAL INKSTAND

Composed of twenty different minerals, petrifactions, crys-
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Ttie Orchids of New [ngland.

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Where the Material Comes From. Where to Get Them in the
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TALKS ABOUT FLOWERS.

BY MRS. M. D. WELLCOME.

"The author chats of flowers in a very entertaining and
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•^TEACHING^

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cts.
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GUIDES FOR SCIENCE TEACHING.
Published under the Auspices of Boston Society of

Natural History.
No. I— About Pebbles, by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, paper 15
" n— Concerning a Few Common Plants, by Prof.

Goodale, paper V "; '

" m— Commercial and other Sponges, by Prof. A.

Hyatt, Illustrated, paper oO

" IV— First Lesson in Natural History, by Mrs. Eliza-

beth Agassiz, Illustrated, paper 35

»♦ V— Common Hydroids, Corals and Echinoderms, by

Prof. A. Hyatt, Idustrated, paper 30

" VI— Mollusca ; Oyster, Clam and other Common

MoUusks, by Prof. A. Hyatt, paper, 111 ...... . 35

" vn— Worms and Crustacea, by Prof. A. Hyatt, Ulus-

trated, paper • • • " • \\v " ' ^

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Crosby, paper <»

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LANGUAGE SERIES.

A new system on the most simple principles, for Universal
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German at a Glance. Bound in paper. Price 25 cents.
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CHAS. H. MAROT. 8H Chestnut St., Phila^

By Lewis Castle, (Author of "Cactaceous Plants").

A Popular .Treatise, containing chapters on Orchid Life,

Orchid Flowers. Orchid Mysteries, Orchid Homes,

Uses of Orchids, History of Orchids, Value

of Orchids, Hybrid Orchids.

Opinions.— Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , M.P.: " A useful

little book." Baron Schroder, The Dell Staines: "I have

read your essay upon Orchids with the greatest interest.

I consider it most instructive, and of great use to amateurs."

R. 1. Lynch, A.L.S., Curator of the Cambridge University

Botanic Garden ; " Your Orchid Review is a success. The

selection of matter is most interesting, and there could be

HO better introduction for the use of visitors to the Orchid

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PRACTICAL

CAMELLIA CULTURE.

A treatise on the Propagation and Culture of the Camellia Ja-
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Plates and 50 Wood Engravings, 12mo, pp. 141, cloth. Price, 82.00.
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HAVE YOU YET SECURED A

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ORIGINAL SECKEL PEIR TREE?

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The Botanist's Pocket Book.

^y W. B. Hay ward,
jf characteristics of

4th Edition, cloth limp, pp.»-208
Containing in a tabulated form the chie
British Plants, with the Botanical Name, Common Name,
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HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
.Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH. PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will

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A $1.50 BOOK FOR A DOLLAR.

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Ilrt of Grafting and Budding

By CHARLES BALTET,

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GAGTAGEOUS PLA/IITS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
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AND OCT BUILDINGS.

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BOOK OF EVERGREENS.

By Josiah Hoopes.

A practical treatise on the Coniferae or Cone-bearing plants.
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OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 CheatQut Street, Philadelphia,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) will be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address. CHAS. H. MABOT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

Alpine Flowers, Robin son

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd

Amiateur's Greenhouse, Hibberd ,

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd

American Rose Culturist, paper

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates. Heath

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'c

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd

Breok's New Book of Flowers

British Sea Weeds, Gray

British Fungi, Cooke, colored plates ,

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle ,

Carnation Culture, illustrated ,

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill'd

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge

Chrysanthemum. The, Fish

Cook's British Fungi

Cook's Microscopic Fungi, colored plates

Cottage Gardening, Hobday

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Hlustrated

Ellwanger on the Rose

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates

Fern Paradise,ill'd plain, }3 ; col. plates, 1.75 ; photos

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith)

Ferns in their Homes and Ours

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto

Field Flowers, Hibberd

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.) Nos., $2 ; bound vols.

Halliday's Azalea Culture

Halliday's Camellia Culture

Hardv Flowers, Robinson

Hem rich's Window Flower Garden

Henderson's Gardeningfor Pleasure

Henderson's Practical Floriculture

Johnson's W inter Greeneries at Home

Orchids, by Lewis Castle

Orchids of New England. Baldwin

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, ^30; cloth

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long

Paiil's Hook of Roses

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition

Paul's Roses in Pots

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose

Rand's Bulbs

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden

Rand's Garden Flowers

Rand's Orchid Culture

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them

Rand's Rhododendrons

Rand's Window Gardener

Robinson's English Flower Garden

School Garden, Schwab

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson ,

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl.

Thomson's Wayside Weeds

Two Thousand a Year in Fruits and Flowers

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl.

White's Gardening for the South

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates

Wild Flowers Worth Notice

W ild Garden, Robinson

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed. . .
William8,B.S.,Stove&Greenh'sePlants,2voIs.lll'd

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods

Window Gardening, Williams

Wood's Modern Window Gardening

Your Plants, paper

FRUITS— THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman..

Apple Culturist, Todd

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated

Barry's Fruit Garden

Bassett's Cranberry Culture

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture

Du Breuils Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliott's Fruit Growers' Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ; cl.

Fitz's Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flaggs European Vineyards

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines

Fuller's Grape Culturist

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist

Fulton on Peach Culture

4 50
300
3 00
3 00

30

5 75

3 75
2 50
175
325
2.')0

50
150

4 00

4 00
150

25
150

2 50
50

175
125
100
15
150

5 00

3 75
150

30 00
1.50
2 00
2 75
2 00 I
2 00 '
150
75
150
150
100
50
2 50

15 00
2 00
50
700
100

1 50
2.50

2 50
2.50
3.50

2 00
150

1 00
600

50

3 00
12 .50

3 75
100
250
125
126

2 00
5 00
2 00

4 50
6.50

5 00
2 50
150
125

40

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 80

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 00

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 28

Orange Culture, Moore 1 00

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter. paper, 60c. ; cL. i 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 60

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prollt 100

Reemellns Wine-makers' Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Rivers' Orchard House 200

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 2S

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

White's Ci'anberry Culture 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Architecture 160

Architects'* Builders' P'k't Comp'n, cl., 1.50 ; tuck 2 00

Atwood' s Country an d Suburban Houses 1 50

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 126

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 160

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 100

Carpenter's and Joiner's Hand Book (Holly) 76

Cooper's Rural Hours 200

Cottage Houses, Reed 1 26

Downing's Cottage Residences 300

P'awke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 50

Palliser's Model Homes ISO

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 60

Plummer's Carpenter s and Builders' Guide 150

Waring's Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 1 00

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward's Graperies and Hort. Buildings 1 00

Woodward ' s National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY. PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gard ening 6 50

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, paper $1.00 ; cloth. 1 .50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 1 50

Gordon's Pinetum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 OO

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 60

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, lU'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, 'Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Coniferse, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1 .50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS, INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6.50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packaid's Half-Hours with Insects 2.50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Rile3^'s Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 50

Dictionary Eng lish Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, lUd 5 00

Diagendorff's Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardener's Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 100

Gray's Manual of Botany 2 25

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, in 1 vol 4 00

Gray's Structural Botany 230

Gray's School and Field-Book of Botany 250

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

n

Henderson's Hand-Book of Plants 3 0«

Johnson's How Crops Feed 2 00

Johnson's How Crops Grow 2 00

Lindley's Treasury of Botany, 2 vols 6 00

Loudon's Encyclopedia of Plants 13 50

Microscopic Fungi, Cook, col'd plates 2 50

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary 10 00

Twining's Natural Order of Plants, 2 vol IS 00

Wood's Class Book of Botany 3 50

VEGETABLES, GARDENING. &c.

Asparagus Culture 50

Bridgeman's American Gardener's Assistant 2 00

Bridgeman's Kitchen Gardener's Instructor 1 00

De Voe's Market Assistant 2 50

Fitz's Sweet Potato Culture 50

Gardening by Myself, Warner 1 25

Gardening for Young and Old, Harris 126

Garden Receipts, Quin 90

Gregory on Cabbages 30

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzels, &c ,... 30

Gregory on Onion Raising 30

Gregory on Squashes 30

Henderson's Garden and Fai-m Topics 1 50

Henderson's Gardening for Profit, New Edition.. . 3 00

Hogg's Vegetable Garden 5u

Kltcnen and Market Garden 1 50

Mushroom Culture, Robinson 75

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright 50

Onion Culture 20

Pea Nut Plant and Cultivation 50

Quinn's Money in the Garden 150

Schenk's Gardener's Text Book 75

Tillinghast's Manual Vegble Plants, paper,50c.; cl. 75
Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler 1 50

AGRICULTURE. MANURES. RURAL ECONOMY. &c.

Allen's, R. L.,and L. F., New American Farm Book 2 50

American Weeds and Useful Plants 1 75

Beet Root Sugar 125

Bommer's Method of Making Manures 25

Boussingalt's, J. B., Rural Economy 160

Brill's Farm-gardening and Seed-growing 100

Broom Corn and Brooms, paper, 50c'. ; cloth 75

Colorado as an Agricultural State, Pabor 150

Curtisson Wheat Culture 50

Dana's, Sam'l H., Muck Manual 125

Diseases, Field and Garden Crops, Smith 1 50

Farm Conveniences..., 150

Farm Homes, Leland 1 50

Farming for Boys 1 50

Farmlngfor Profit, Reed 3 75

Five Acres too Much (illustrated) , 1 50

Flax Culture (7 Prize Essays by P'c't'l Growers). . 30

French's Farm Drainage 1 50

Garden, Farm and Barnyard, Jacques 1 50

Gregory on Fertilizers, paper 40

Hand-book of Grasses, John Henderson 1 50

Harlan's Farming with Green Manures 1 00

Harris' Talks on Manures 1 75

Hop Culture, by Nine Experienced Cultivators. . . 30

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One 1 00

How the Farm Pays, Crozier and Henderson 2 50

Johnson's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry.. . 1 50

Johnston's, J. S. W., Agricultural Chemistry 1 75

Klipparts Land Drainage 175

Klippart's Wheat Plant 175

Loring 8 Farm Yard Club of Jotham 3 50

Lyman's Cotton Culture 1 50

MTanual of Agiiculture, Emerson and Flint 150

My Farm of Edgewood 175

Nichol' s Chemistry of the Farm and Sea 1 25

Norton's, Jno. P., lllements of Scientific Agrlc... . 75

Our Farm of Four Acres 60

Pedders, James, Farmer's Land Measurer 60

Plant Life on the Farm, Masters 1 00

Quiucy, Hon, Josiah, on Soiling Cattle 1 25

Scott's Soil of the Farm 100

Silos and Ensilage, Thurber 50

Stewart's Irrigation for Farm, Garden & Orchard. 1 50

Stewart's Sorghum ana its Products 150

Ten Acres Enough 100

Thomas', J. J., Farm Implements and Machinery. 1 50

Thompson's Food of Animals 100

Tim Bunker's Papers, or Yankee Farming 1 50

Tobacco Culture, by 14 Experienced Cultivators. . 25

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual 1 50

Ville's Chemical Manures 125

Waring's Drainage for Profit andHealth 1 50

Waring's Elements of Agriculture 100

Waring's Farmer's Vacation 300

Waring' s Handy Book of Husbandry 2 50

Warington's Chemistry of the Farm 100

Wilson's Drainage for Health 1 00

Youman's Household Science 1 76

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC AND GAME. TREATMENT, &c.

Allen's, L, F,, American Cattle 250

Allen's, R. L., Diseases of Domestic Animals 1 00

Amateur Trapper & Trap Maker's Guide, pa. 50; bds 75

American Bird Fancier (Brown's) 50

American Fish, How to Catch, by Old Angler l OO

Batty's How to Hunt and Trap 1 50

Batty's Practical Taxidermy & Home Decoration. 1 60

Beale's Profitable Poultry Keeping lao

Bemenfs Poulterer's Companion 200

Bement's Rabbit Fancier 30

Blessed Bees, Allen 1 (X)

Book of the Black Bass, Henshaw 300

Book of Household Pets, paper, 50c.; cloth 75

Brown's Taxidermist's Manual 1 oO

Burnliam's New Poultry Book 200

Canary Birds, paper, 50c. cloth 27.5

Cloks Diseases of sheep 1 05

Coburn's Swine Husbandry 1 75

Cole's American Veterinarian 50

Cook's Bee-keepeer's Guide, cloth, $1 25 ; paper 1 00

Corbett's Poultry Yard & Market, paper, 50c.; cl. 76

Dadd's American Cattle Doctor, 12mo. $1.50, 8vo.. . 2 50

Dadd's American Reformed Horse Book,8vo. cloth 2 50

Dadd's Modern Horse Doctor 150

Dinks, MayhCAV and Hutchinson on the Dog 3 00

Fishing with the Kly, Orvis 2 60

Florida and the Game Water Birds, Roosevelt 2 00

Fly Fishing. Salmon, Trout & Grayling, Hamilton 1 75

Frank Forester s American Game in Season 150

Geyelin's Poultry Breeding 125

Golrltish and its Culture, Mulertt 100

Guenon on How to Select Cows 75

Guenon on Milch Cows, new edition ] oO

Harrison thePig 150

Herbert's Hints to Horsekeepers 175

Holden's Book of Birds, paper 25c., cloth 50

Horee and His Diseases, Kentlall 25

Horse, How to Buy and Sell, Howden 1 00

Horses, their Foet and their Feed, paper 50c., cloth 75

Hunter and Tiappei' 100

Jersey, Aldernoy and Guernsey Cow, Hazard 1 50

Keeping One Cow 1 00

Langstroth, Rev. L. L., on the Hive and Honey Bee 2 00

Lewis' Practicr.l Poultry Book 150

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management 300

McCJure's Disease on Am. Horse, Cattle and Sheep 2 00

Miles on the H'use's Foot 75

Miner's, T. B., Bee Keeper's Manual 1 25

Norris' Fish Cr.lture 1 75

Prairie Experiences, Cattle & Sheep, Maj. Shepherd 1 00

Quinby's New Bee-Keeping 1 go

Rabbits for Exhibition, Pleasure and Market 1 25

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 100

Randall's Practical Shepherd 2 0u

Randall's Sheeji Husbandry i 50

Reasoronthe Hog 150

Richardsonou the Dog, paper, 30c., cloth 60

Scientific Angler, Foster 150

Shooting on tiie Wing 75

Slack's Trout Culture 100

Sportsman's Gazetteer, Hallock 300

Standard of Excellence in Poultry 100

Stewart's Shepherd's Manual 1 50

Stewarfs Stable Book 150

Stoddard's An Egg Farm, papei-, 50c., cloth 75

Taylor's Bee-Keeper's Manual, lU'd 215

Thompson's Food of Animals 1 oo

Trapper's Guide 150

Walton's Complete Angler 1 50

Waring's Essay on Jersey Cattle 50

Wright's Brahma Fowl 2 50

Wright's Practical Poultry Keeper 2 00

Wright's Practical Pigeon Keeper l 50

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 150

Youatt on Sheep 1 oo

Youatt on the Horse 175

PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet 1 25

Art of Propagation 30

Artof Saw Filing 75

Building Associations, How to Manage 2 00

Building Associations ; What they are, and Use... 75

Butlers Family Aquarium 75

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 300

Gardener's Carriage Painter's Manual i 00

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand, paper 25

Household Conveniences l 50

HowtoMake Candy 50

How to Paint 1 00

How to Read 1 00

How to Use the Microscope, Phin l 00

Industrial Education in Public Schools, Straight 16

May hew' s Practical Book-keeping for Farmers .... 80

Mrs. Cornelius' Young Housekeeper's Friend 150

Painter, Gilder and Varnisher 150

Ropp's Easy Calculator, cloth, $1.00 ; morocco 1 60

Scribner's Ready Reckoner and Log Book 83

Wells' Every Man his own Lawyer 200

Wood-working Tools Uow toUseThem.Whittake 60

24

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

8encl orders ewly as possible. Changes of copy must be in
by 16th. New orders received after 24th of month cannot be
insm-ed insertion in next issue. Fly-lea/ copy (new or
changes) must be in by 16th.

Associated Fanciers, Philadelphia 15

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Berckmans P. J , Augusta, Ga 11

Berger H. H. <fe Co., San Francisco, Cal Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia ll

Brackenridge & Co.. Govanstown, Md 16

Bridgeman Alfred, New York U

Brinton W. P., Christiana, Pa 6

Burpee W. Atlee & Co., Philadelphia ...13

Bush .Tohn S., New York U

Business Directory ll

Butterton J., Hammonton, N. J 24

Butz Paul&Son, Newcastle, Pa ll

Campbell Geo. W., Delaware, ') 13

Collins John S., Moorestown, N.J 24

Cook J., Baltimore, Md 12

Cowan A. D. &Co., New York 12

Cowen N. &Son, New York 24

Crawford M., Cuyahoga Falls, O 15

Dillon J. L.., Bloomsburg, Pa U

Dingee AConardCo., West Grove, Pa 6

Elliott B. A., Pittsburg. Pa 11, 12

Bllwanger <& Barry, Rochester, N. Y 16

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 11

Farquhar A. B., York, Pa 15

Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 13

Hales H. W., Ridgewood, N. J 3

Henderson Peter & Co., New York 8

Hippard E., Youngstown, O 13

Hitchings & Co., New York 5

Jenkins J., Winona, Ohio Fly-leaf page 2

Joosten C. H., New York 11

Knauth, Nachod & KOhne. New York 4

Lamboru Lora L., Alliance, O 8

Landreth D. & Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Legrand Louis, Los Angeles, Cal 13

Mann H. W., Stoughton, Mass 15

McAllister F. E., New York 24

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila 4, 12

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Murdoch J. R. & A., Pittsburgh, Pa 3

Myers & Co.. Philadelphia 9

Nani& Neuner, Louisville, Ky 8

Orcutt C. R., San Diego, Cal 16

Pabor W. E., Fruita, Col Fly-leaf page2

Page T. S., New York ...7.16

PailletL.. Paris, France 6

Parry Wm., Parry, N. J.. 13

Parsons & Sons Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Patterson C. Venton & Co., Rochester, N. Y 14

Pinney Geo., Evergreen, Wis 8

Plenty Jos., New York and PhUa Fly-leaf page 2

Raoux C, New York ...„ 4

Rathbone W. W., Marietta. 0 15

Rawson W. W. & Co., Boston, Mass 16

Roberts Josiah A., Malvern, Pa Fly-leaf page 2

Rolker August & Sons, New York ...7.. 3

Saul John, Washington, D.C 6 15

Schultheis Bros. , New York '.18

Seal Thomas F., Unionville, Chester Co., Pa 8

Sibley Hiram & Co., Rochester, N. Y 16

Smith David, Boston, Mass , 7

Smith Wm. H., Philadelphia 11

Solly Geo. A. & Son, Springfield, Mass 16

Sturtevant E. D., Bordentown, N. J 13

The National Co., New York '16

Thorbum J. M. <feCo., New York Fly-leaf page 1

Transon P. & E., Orleans, France .7. 4

Tuttle Sidney & Co., Bloomington, Ills 15

Vanhorne, Gritfen & Co., New York Fly-leaf page 2

Vervaet E. & Co., Ghent, Belgium ...T. S

Vick James. Rochester, N. Y Fly-leaf, page 2

Weathered Thomas W.. New York ...7.10

Williams B. S., London N., England 3 15

Will Oscar H., Bismarck, Dak 11

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, witb
the order, at rate of 50 cents for every 36 words per insertion.

AS gardener; Scotchman, married, age 35. Thorough,
practical in all greenhouse work, graperies, vegetable
garden and lawn. Enthusiastic, strictly sober, honest ; not
afraid of work. Glad to hear from any one requiring su.ch
service. J. H., Box 638, Canajoharie, N. Y.

BY German florist <fe kitchen gardener, situation on private
place where there are greenhouses. Married, age 31.
Address, Florist, Box 282, Ravenswood, Cook Co., Ills. mh3

AS gardener and florist in private place, by an Englishman ;
married, 45 years old. Knows the business in all its
branches. Orchid grower. Good references. Wm. Lodge,
377 Garden Street, Cleveland, Ohio.

BY practical gardener. No. 1 in Greenhouse, and Rose
Propagating and Growing. Good Vegetable grower.
Understands business in all branches. 40 years' experience.
Address, Chas. Long, 277 Jefferson Street, Rochester, N. Y.

BY Swiss gardener, married, no family, experience in
greenhouses, fruit, grape-vines, high-priced vegetables
and laying out of grounds. Address, K. K., Louis Schmid
& Sons, 317 Twelfth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

BY practical gardener, married, small family. Capable of
taking charge of greenhouses or graperies. Would take
charge of gentleman's place. First-class references. J. S.,
Shoemakertown, Mont. Co., Pa.

BY an Englishman ; as 2nd man on a good private gentle-
man's place. Brought up to the business in England.
Greenhouse work specially desirable. Age 26, single. Ad-
dress (stating wages) the present employer, H. Yeomans,
Flat Rock, Wayne Co., Mich.

BY a competent practical gardener and florist ; 30 years' ex-
perience in all the ditferent bi-anches of horticulture.
Best of references. Particulars through Mr. Robt. Hughes,
887 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. mh2

r, E< UcALlISISIl, Seed and Bulb Uerchant.

22 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

OFFERS NEW SEEDS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Centaurea Candidissima, Packet lO ; 1000 seeds

" Gymnocarpa, " 10; ^oz.

Petunia, Blotched and Striped, Packet, .lO; oz. 1
" Dwarf compact, " .25; oz. 2,

Reseda, White Upright, " .10; oz. 1

" Machet, " .10; oz.

" Brind. Mammoth, " .10 ; oz. 1,

Cobcea scandens, " .10; oz. 1,

Calendula Meteor, " .05; oz.

Phlox nana compacta, " .25 ; oz. 6,

Aster, Perfection, separate colors, " .25; 02. 2,
" " Mixed, " .26; oz. 2,

Pansies, German Poetical, separate, " .10; oz. 3,
•' " " Mixed, " .10 ; oz. 2,

Vinca, 3 sorts, separate, each, " .10; oz.

Balsams, Camellia, separate, each, " .10; oz.
" " Mixed, " .10; oz.

For others see our Wholesale Seed List ready February

MAY KING, Best STRAWBERRY.

5 -\ EARLY CLUSTER, BEST BLACKBERRY.

\^ ^ ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

e: m\ Comet and other Pear Trees, &c.
®/ JOHN S. COLLINS,

stf MOORESTOWN, N. J.

Industry Gooseberry

JAPANESE MAPLES, NEW, 20 beautiful kinds. RARX;
EVERGREENS. Also, all kinds of Small Fruit Plants.

Send for PRICE LIST to

mh2 J. BUTTERTON,

London Nursery. Hammonton, N. J.

BEFORE BUYING GLASS.-

GLASS

• ESTIMATES

GLASS

Greenhouses, Conservatories, Graperies,

Hot-houses, Hot-beds and all other

purposes, at Lowest Rates.

IsT. CO'WElT&; SOIST

207 CANAL ST.. NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FIR TREE OIL

The gallon, $3.25
For Cash with order, less 10%, .30

Hug-hes' Soluble, the well-known Insecticide
Prices are Reduced to :

The quart, $1.00
10

Net Cash, $2.95

Net Cash, .90

Other size packages
are discontinued.

YIRGlNf-SXJLPHXJR The Best Remedy for Mildew

Buy it by the bag and save money ; Florists of prominence endorse it.

Original bags of 100 kilo (about 220 lbs.) sold at $12.00 per bag.

50 kilo ( " 110 " ) " " 6.50
25 lbs. sold at $2 ; 10 lbs. sold at $1 ; Single lbs. sold at 15 cents.

BOUGHT ON COMMISSION.

SPRING-PLANTS

Send for our Special Circular containing many offers.

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Send for Illustrated Spring Supplement to our Fall Wholesale Price List.

Such as Tmmortelles, Cape
Flowers, Baskets, Papers, Full,
Wire Goods, Uoves, Etc., £tc.

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

DESIGN'S

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

Thla is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flow^er Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
i the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
gotten up by George A. Solly <fe Son, of Springfield, Mass.
It is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

^'DREER'S

GARDEN SEEDS

PLANTS, BULBS AND REQUISITES. They
are the Best at the Lowest Prices.

Calendar for 1887 sent for Gc. in stamps

-lENRYA.DREER

714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA.

EMPIRE STATE CRAPES.-
STOCK of 1 and 2 YEAR VINl

-A MAGNIFICENT
Order direct
from the Original Introducers, PRATT BROTHERS,
Rochester, N. Y. Send for Circulars. ap2

PENNA. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

Spring Exhibition,

In HORTICULTURAL HALL, Broad St., Phila.
® ®

Flowering Plants

Designs

Cut Flowers

®-

OPENS:

-©
M.

Tuesday, April 19th, 8 A.

CLOSES: Friday, April 22nd, 10 P. M.

OPEN DAILY, 10 A. M. TO 10 P. M.

Admission, 50 cents. Children, 25 cents.

Members Free.

SEND FOR PRIZE LIST.

EDWIN L,ONSDAI.E, Sec. J. B. MITCHELIi, Pres.

ORDERS FOR FALL DELI.VERY NOW REQUESTED.

SEND FOR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE.

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, from 3, 4 and 5-inch Pots.

Ready for immediate delivery.

Address,

C. H. JOOSTEX,

aptf

Importer of Plants, Bulbs and Seeds,

3 COENTIES SI-IP, NEW YORK.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

I Offsr For S^AlI^e:

A Fine Collection of Camellias belonging- to tlie Estate of the late
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder.

This Collection consists of upwards of One Hundred Plants, many of them very
large Specimens, including the Best Named Varieties and some Fine Seedlings.

For List of Varieties, etc., address,

WM. J. STEWART, Wholesale Florist,

67 Bromfield Street, Boston, Mass.

^PILOCEREUS SENILES,

W ^'-^^ (OLD MAN CACTUS.)

j^#,, \m Extra fine plants $1.00 to $10.00 each.

^ I Echinocactus Crussoni,

'i^i^ Pronounced by the highest authorities to be THE

'4^ FINEST CACTUS KNOWN, entirely new. We

,., Vi'i^^EI control the stock of this variety. Price, $5.00 to

''Vl/v ' J^i 'i(/'/'/tM8 $25.00 for well-established plants. 300 other

wMm^Sl^MlM^^ cheap varieties. Send for Catalogue to

^^^^^^ A. BLANC & CO., ap5

iSip^^wMHIii 314 N. Eleventh Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
NO. 236 PSAFil. STRSEZT,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS EN THE UNITED STATES :

O. Q. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, ------- Haarlem, Holland.

LEVAVASSEUR & FELS, Nurserjrmen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, .----.-- Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist: new varieties of Plants a specialty, ------ Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules. France.

C. PLATZ & SON. Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

TREE SEEDS AND STOCKS.

We have now a Catalogue ready of Seeds of Trees, Shrubs and Fruit Stocks, that
are ready for Spring sowing, which will be sent free to all applicants.

Among these are limited supplies of Apple, Pear, Plum, Mazzard and Mahaleb Seeds,
which will be sold at the lowest figures for a first-class article.

We have also limited supplies of Mahaleb, Plum, Pear and second-class Mazzard
Stocks, which will be sold at reasonable rate to close up for the season.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantowu, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844. J

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Bas«.Burnlng Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLEECKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Fivesizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALYES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED
>^ SASHJiA^ AEPARAiyS.

m Lifting-Rods for Sashes,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 loguB, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

^ ^ ROSCS A SPECIiLIiTir ^ ^

FOR NEARLY TWENTY YEARS OTJR BUSINESS HAS BEEN GROWING AND DISTRIBUTING ROSES.
We offer the Largest and Most Complete Assortment in this Country. STRONG. WELL-MATURED
PLANTS, in Large and Small Sizes, Suitable for ROSE GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FORCING HOUSES,
&o. All the Popular Sorts in Large Supply— AMERICAN BEAUTY, BENNETT, THE BRIDE, HER MAJESTY,
PERLE DES JARDINS, PIERRE GUILLOT, PAPA GONTIER, C. MERMET, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, BON SILENE,
LA FRANCE, GEN'L JACQ., and over 400 other Varieties, COMPRISING THE CHOICEST NEW AND OLD
STANDARD SORTS for GENERAL PLANTING ; all at very Reasonable Prices. Also, HYDRANGEA 6RANDI-
FLORA, VIBURNUM PLICATUM, JAPAN JUDAS, NEW DEUTZIAS, NEW WEIGELAS, and a Full Line of
the Finest HARDY SHRUBBERY and CLIMBING VINES, including AMPELOPSIS, AKEBIAS, EUROPEAN
and EVERGREEN SWEET-SCENTED HONEYSUCKLES, WISTARIAS, &c. — all in STRONG, OPEN-GROUND
PLANTS. Catalogues on application. Address,

tf5 THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Pa.

¥

EVERYTHING^ HAT Is

;^WSi|

aescribed m our

is offerea an

CATALOGUE No. 4181 which this vear we send out in an illuminated cover. The Catalogue
is reolete with new engravings of the choicest flowers and vegetables, many of which can only be
obtained from us; and contains, besides. 2 beautiful colored plates, and very full instructions on
all garden work. Altogether it is the best ever offered by us. and. we believe, is ihe most complete
publication of its kind ever issued. Mailed on receipt of 10 cents (in siamps), which may be de-
ducted from first order. Please be sure to order Catalogue bv the number.

PETER HENDERSON & CO. ^s K^J'^^i st.,

MY WHOLESALE I DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES FOR 1887

Of Bedding Plants, Roses, Palms, Orchids, &c., mailed to all applicants.

LARGE STOCK il^l^^l^l^lll'^^^^^v'^^^^AR LARGE STOCK

of the following: on hand at CHEAP

RATES : AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII

-various sizes; TEA.-i and HYBKID ROSES— all the leading sorts; Named CHliVSANTHEMUMS, DRAC^NA
INDIVIS A— various sizes; ECHKVERIAS. SMALL FERNS, GERANIU.MS— Double and -SinRle— best named sorts.

ARECA LUTESCENS, LATANIA BORBONICA, SEAFORTHEA ELEGANS, OREODOXA REGIA-in 2M, 4, 5 and
6-in. pots. CORYPHEA AUSTRALIS. Other PALMS, such as COCOS WEDELLI ANA. CHAM^ROPS EXCELSA,
PHCENLX RECLINATA, PHCENIX RUPRIOOLA, PHCENIX TENNIS. " -

6-in. pots. CORYPHEA AUSTRALIS. Other PALMS, such as COCOS WEDELLIANA. CHAM^ROPS :
PHCENIX RECLINATA, PHCENIX RUPRIOOLA, PHCENIX TENNIS. KENTIAS of various sorts. Fancy named
CLEMATIS and other VINES, &c. Prices given on application.

WM. C. WILSON, Stienways, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

jaS

Jou Will Not Find i"..o7".?it'T,!

' erable with years,

^and greater travellers than Stanley ; seed saved from the oddi

^nd ends of various crops; seed raised from unsalable

onions, headless cabbages, sprangling carrots, or refuse

kbeets. i^I am always huppy to show my seed stock.) But

-^ , . — .. -i;..-^ g 1, ^jaa^r^ 'J'^ y°" want Northern seed, honestly raised, home

*~A^^m"«"^*/*UI'^WF^ grown (not more than two other catalogues contain as

*A*^AI ^pWi"-ajac8p manvV seed warranted (see the cover), valuable novelties, some
^"*=- -^'-'^^^^ of which are to be found in no other, send for my vegetable and

flower-seed catalogue for 1887, FREE to all. It contains 60 varie-
ties of Beans, 43 of Pears, 41 of Cabbages, 53 of Melons, 44 of
Com, etc., etc., besides a large and choice variety of flower seed.

JA91ES J. H. GBEGORT, Marblehead, Mass.

CA Varieties of Evergreens and Forest

y** Tree Seeds. I will not beundeisold. Special

prices on large tree? by the carload. Lists free.

GEO. rrNNEY, Evertrreeo. Wis. f4

CARNATION "^^tu^^i. ''''^ot

tains the sum of informaiiou
on this plant. Contents Free.

Price, $1.50, post-paid. mh

liORA L. LAMBORN, Box 592, Alliance, Ohio.

CULTURE

liondon Gardeners^ Clironiole.

Will be furnished, nnst-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S. for
reduced rate of W4.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent. 814 Chestnut St..PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

GreenhouseSf Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Mouses, For^

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, ScJiools, Drying

Moofns, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA.VID

86 BSVERI-Y

mylS

BOSTON, niASS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHEAP ORCHIDS

B. S. IflLLIAHS

Having an immense Stock of all the leading species and
varieties in small and specimen plants, both in the im-
ported and established state, is now offering them at
exceptionally low prices.

Particulars and prices furnished upon application.

SPECIMEN PLANTS

B. S. fflLLIAlIS

Having for many years made Specimen Plants, suitable
for Exhibition and Decorative purposes, a specialty,
gentlemen about furnishing Conservatories and Winter
Gardens would do well before purchasing to pay these
Nurseries a visit. The magnificent collection of P'lower-
ing and Foliage Plants, Tree and other Ferns, Cycades,
Palms, Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, &c., is perhaps the
largest in Europe.

Victoria g Paradise Nurseries

Upper Holloway, London M"., England.

CO

h

z
<

3
O

®

STRAWBERRIES®

25 Plants each of Sharpless, Bldwell,
Cumberland and Manchester Strawber-
ries. 6 Plants each of Cuthbert Red
and 6 Gregg Black Raspberries. 1 Con-
cord, 1 Martlia Grapevine and 3 Cherry
Currants. All the above only $|.50'.

Address,

lATEir.D tSc CO.,

LYNDONVILLE, N. Y.

15 Plants each of Parry and May-
King Strawberries Free with every
order sent us before April 15th. ap2

o
>
m

CO

RASPBERRIES ®

10,000 STOCK PLANTS in 3-inch Pots.
50,000 BOX PLANTS, transplanted and

now ready to go into Pots, at $12.00

per IC 00, assorted colors.

"Wholesale and Retail Catalogues of
Nursery Stock and Plants free on appli-
cation to

C. RIBSAM & SONS,

Trenton, N. J.

PITTSBURGH, PA,,

Offer Large "Well-grown Fruit and Or-
namental Trees, etc., including Japan
Maples, Rhododendrons, Hardy Azaleas,
Cercidiphyllum Japonicum, Magnolias,
Ampelopsis Veitchii, etc. Also, Flower
and Vegetable Seeds, and Murdoch's
Superior Lawn Grass Seed. Send 3 cts.
to pay postage on Illustrated Catalogue
for 1887, describing our Naw Alternan-
thera and other novelties. mh2

New Begonias,

New Carnations,
New Geraniums,

and a General Assortment of Stock at

Low^ Prices. Send for Trade Price Ijist.

C. H. MURPHEY,

UEBANA, OHIO.

I AM SENDING

For 3 years a Botanical and Zoological
Expedition in the Mountains of British
Northwestern America. Century Col-
lections of Plants, Seeds, Insects, Shells,
etc., at Moderate Prices. Orders par-
ticularly desired.

Zoeschen, near WJerseburg, Prussia.
Dr. G. DIECK.

il

»■-

IVIOLE TRAP.

For destroying ground moles in lawnsi
parks, gardens, and cemeteries.

The only PERFECT mole trap in exist-
ence.

Guaranteed to catch moles where all
other traps fail.

Sold by Seedsmen, Agricultural Imple-
ment and Hardware dealers. Illustrated
ciiculars seut Free on receipt of stamp.

H. W. HALES,

KIDGEWOOD, N. J.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RHODODENDRON.

They amount to $13.50. We will sell any one at the

RARE TREES AND SHRUBS.

If people only knew how much beauty there is among the thousand curious
Trees, Shrubs and Vines grown in MEEHAN'S NURSERIES, they would not be
satisfied with selecting from the few^ dozen
chiefly know^n. "We have decided, in order
to increase knowledge, to offer an EXTRA
INDUCEMENT. "We select the folloping,
with the prices annexed in our Catalogue :

Daphne Mezereon, Sweet-scented Spurge Laurel .50

Flowering Dogwood, Cornus floiida .75

Blood-leaved Japan Maple SI.50

Japan Judas, Cercls Japonlca I.OO

Maiden Hair Tree, Saiisburia f.OO

Japan St. John's Wort, Hypericum patulum.. .50

Japan Snowball 50

Fuchsia Weigela, Weigela floribunda 75

Weeping Beech I.OO

Golden Japan Cedar, Ketinosporaaurea 50

Cray '* " " squarrosa... .50

Hybrid Rhododendron I.OO

Japan Yew, <-'ephalotaxus Fortuni 75

Sorrel Tree, Andromeda arborea f.OO

Soulange's Magnolia .75

White Fringe 50

These Catalogue figures are already low for rare plants.
figure quoted— packing extra— but if the WHOLE COLLECTION be taken, price «10.00— with packing free.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, containing all the departments of our extensive Nurseries, mailed to all appli-
cants for 6 cents in stamps.

MEEHAN'S NURSERIES. GERMANTOWN. PHILA.

A REAL GARDEN-^

'HE fourth and enlarged edition of our book, A Few Flowers
Worthy of General Culture, ready February 1st, is certainly
the most beautiful work on flowers yet published. In it we
have endeavored to show how a most lovely and fascinating
garden ran be made with hardy plants, and "how great a mis-
take is the present almost universal custom of using nothing but the
so-called bedding plants, Geraniums, Coleup, etc., for gardening
purposes. The book is superbly printed, and among its contents are
the following illustrated papers : " Hardy Plants and the Modes of
Arranging Them," "Tropical Garden Effects," "Hardy Plants in
England," "Decorative Possibilities of Hardy Climbers," "Rosea
Ola and New," " Splendid Garden Effects with Hardy Lilies," "The
Making of the Hardy Hordtr," "Success with Hardy Roses," and
"Rhododendrons, Kalmias, and Hardy Azaleas." The illustrations
are profuse and most artistic, and show the garden effects of differ-
ent jilants.

This l)ook of real merit and exquisite beauty will be sent, post-
paid, for 50c., bound in durable flexible covers, or in leather for
76c. ; but the price paid will be allowed on the first order sent for
plants, making the book really free to customers.

Our Descriptive Catalogue, containing a complete list of the best
New and Old varieties of Roses, Clematises, Rhododendrons, Hardy
Azaleas, Carnations, Lilies, Tuberoses, Begonias, Gloxinias, and the
largest collection of Hardy Plants in America, sent on receipt of lO
cents in stamps. Our Special Low-iyriced Offers of valuable and well-
grown plants sent free.

The Musa Ensde ('\he Great Abyssinian Banana) is a remark-
able and the m >st beautiful plant known for producing a tropical
effect in the garden or lawn. We have a large and almost exclusive
stock, which we offer at very low prices.

B. A. ELLeOTT & CO., 57 Sixth St., Pittsburg, Pa.

Novelties

New Rose-Colored Violet
MME. MILLET.

This is the sweetest of all the Violets, flowers very large
and double. Having introduced the Maria Louise, first to
this country, which has given so much satisfaction, I can re-
commend it as a first-class variety. Gardeuia japonica,
small plants are covered with buds. Price ot Violets, 50c.
each; S4 per doz.; !S30 per 100; 2>^-mch pots. Gardenia
Japonica, 3-inch, 60c. each. Address, mh2

ra^Ni:YarHEBES3?«!i

i'

Illustrated Cataloc4ue. Free.

^. D. COWAN & CO.

114 Chiimbers Slrret, New York.

ffOi BUtBS^G^RDEN-rOOI^CO^

J. COOK, 318 Charles Street, Baltimore, Md. mh2 ^m

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Impmed !oi Water Sdlers

FOR HEATINCt

\jxmMmi GrapiiriBs, Gonmatiirles, Proiiaptii Hom, k

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXTSINSSS DIRSCTORir.

iditionx of insertion under this he:iding.'*St

H, S. ANDERSON, Fruits, Flowers,
Fruits, Union Springs,

THOMAS MEEHAN,

N ursery man & Tree Seeds, Germant'i

1 H. L.WHEATLEY.Trces— Fruit ftOrnamen-
, Phil. I tal. Shrubs, Figs, &c.,Altamonte, Fla. auia

100,000

VXSRBCNAS.

The choicest old and new varieties at IS3.50 per 100;
»20.00 per 1000. NO RUST OR IVULDKW. Packed light
and satisfaction guaranteed.

tmyi2 J. L. DILLON, Bloom&burg, Pa.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)

jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

CHARLES J. POWER;

FLORIST

SOUTH FRAMINGHAM, MASS.

Bedding and Miscellaneous Plants.
FloTirers and Floral Decorations.

ap2 FURNISHED AND ARRANGED TO ORDER.
100 Best Kinds! 30th

_ iSia per 1.000. 1 Empire
State and 1 Niagara for f$X post paid. Brigh-
ton, Delaware, Ivea, Elvira, Lady, Catawba,
Martha, Moore's Early, Worden, Pocklington,
Diamond, Vergennes, &c.. at lowest rates. Raspber-
ries, Gooseberries, Jessie Strawberry, Lucretia Dew-
berry,&c. CEO. W. CAMPBELL, Delaware, Ohio. mb2

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FL,ORI8TS,

8EEDSMKNANI>NURSER1;MEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

SMITH'S lUnstrateJ M Catalope.

FREE to aU applicants desiring
CHOICE SKLfXTIONSol FLOWER,
VEGETABLE, FIELD, BIRO SEEDS.
&o., ASPARAGUS and other roots,

d of best qualitv.

id everytliing per-
taining to Itle GARDEN or GREEN-
HOUSE at lowest prices. A TRIAL
ORDER SOLICITED.

-WM.. H. t»MIXII, Seedsman,

fS 1018 MARKET ST., Fhiladelpliia, Pa.

New Roses.

New Plants.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE AND TRADE LIST FREE.

PAUL BUTZ & SON,

inh2 NEW CASTLE, PA.

JOZZM- S- BUSH,

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, New York City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS, PAXMS and
FERNS. taulS

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America for John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of thif firm's productions. Prices 83 to $12 per
dozen , S15 to §75 per hundred, freight from England added.
Standards and specimens, $2 to 815 each. Small orders filled-
from stock in our nursery. Orders of 825 and upwards may
be selected from Messrs. Watterer's catalogue, the largest
and best collection in the world, and will be shipped in our
care direct from England. Orders taken now for spring
delivery. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Full
particulars and our superb illustrated catalogue of Roses,
Hardy Plants and Bulbs sent free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

nl2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

JOHN M. HUGHES, »1.00 each. Liberal discount to

the trade.

SPECIAL OFFER.

100 CHOICE NAMED VARIETIES BY EXPRESS
ONLY IS5.00. IVIY SELECTION.

My collection numbers 250 varieties, the best ever intro-
duced. Write for catalogue.

W. C. PYFER, Florist and Seedsman,

(Mention this paper. )

LANCASTER, PA^

My Annual Priced Catalogue is now ready and mailed free
to all applicants. It contains all the leading and most popu-
lar sorts of

VfiptalilB, FaM ani Floier Senfis,

Besides all the desirable novelties of last season, and nearly
every thing else in my line of business.

ALFRED BRIDGEMAN,

f3 37 East 19th St., New York City.

TUBEROSE BULBS.

PEARL, 1st size, per 100 »2.00; per 1000 »17.00

2d size, Blooming, per 100 S1.50 ; per 1000 10.00

DOUBLE, 1st size, per 100 »2.00; per 1000 17.0O

2d size. Blooming, per 100 !81.50 ; ^ 1000 10.00

U Nurserymen and Florists,

Established 1853. MARIETTA, PA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

PRIZE STRAINS OF

FLORIST FLOWER SEEDS

The best in cultivation, universally grown, never fail to

give satisfaction. Free by mail to any part of

the United States or Canada.

WILLIAMS'

I'rize strain of

CALCEOLARIA

Herbaceous (finest mixed),
Per packet. Is. 6d. and 28. 6d.
This fine strain has been selected
from the dwarf est and most distinct
types and will be found unequalled
for size of flowers and brilliancy of
colors.

WILLIAMS'

Piize strain of

CINERARIA

(Extra choice mixed),
Per packet. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.

A superb strain of very dwarf
branching; habit and strong consti-
tution, containing a great variety
of colors.

O^y^Wl^X

WILLIAMS'

CYCLAMEN CiCANTEUM

(Mixed), containing 4 varieties,
Per packet, 2s. 6d.

CYCLAIV)EN PERSICUM

(Mixed), per pkt. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.

The finest strain in cultivation. For
varieties of Cyclamen in separate
colors, see lUust'd Seed Catalogue.

WILLIAMS'

Prize strain of

GLOXINIA

Choice mixed.

Per packet, Is. 6d.

This produces immense flowers, of
the most brilliant and varied colors,
both ol the erect and drooping va-
rieties.

Y"^^ WILI-IAMS'

FKIIUlASIllEHSISriUSIUAIA

(Mixed packets containing 6 vars.)

Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. per pkt.
This superb strain has stood the test
for 30 years, and never fails to take
first prizes wherever exhibited. For
new Primulas and superb strain of
Primula, see Illusfd Seed Catalogue

For choice Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials, see ILLUS

TRATED SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1887, gratis,

and free by mail on application.

Victoria^ Paradise Nurseries

Upper HoUoway, London N., England.

JOHN S.A.XJX.'S

Catalogue of New, Rare ^ Beautiful

Plants for 1887,

* IS NOW READY. *

MAILED FREE.

Lovers of fine plants will find a large collection of beauti-
ful and rare plants as well as all novelties of merit. This
rich collection is well grown and offered at very low prices.
/>T> /^TTTT>C3 A very large collection of rare
\JjCkt\^J^A.JL9*3 Orchids, viz.: Fhalsenopsis.
iSrides, Cypripediums, Cattleyas, Dendrobiams, Sac-
colabiuniN, Laelias, Odontoglossums, &c.
TJ ^^CX'C! ^"' iiii'uense stock of all the New French
XliV/l9£(l9 and English Varieties. Pot-grown at
cheap rates. New Rose Catalogue Free.

f^Y 17TI/r A TfTC "Jf this very beautiful plant
\^ MAmlt ™i fl I 1 TT a most extensive collection
is grown. The plinits are tine.

Catalogues of Orchlas, Roses, Seeds, Fruit Trees, &c.,
mailed free to applicants.

tf4

JOHN SAUL, Washington, P. C,

600 ACRES.

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREESandPLANTS

We offer for the Springtrade a large and fine stock
of every descriptioa of FKUIT and Ornamental
TREES, Shriibxi, Roses, Vines, SMALL,
FRUITS, Iledse Plants. Fruit Tree Seed-
lings and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Cata-
logue Spring of 1887. mailed free. EfinhHaheil 1852

BLOOMINGTONPHCENIX NURSERY

f3 SIDNEY TITTLE & tO. Proprietori. BLOOMINHTON. ILL

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds ann Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Gre.it Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi2 Winona. Columbiana Co., Ohio.

JACOB W. MANNING,

Reading Nursery, Reading, Mass,

Has 1,000.000 Deciduous and Evergreen
Trees, Shrubs, Koses and Herbaceous Plants,
Large and Small Fruits including 10,000 trans-
planted Moore's Early Grape Vines. Descrip-
tive 100 page Catalogue free. Our speciality is
good roots by frequent transplantiug.

LARGEST COLLECTION IN AMERICA. Cheap as Good Roses.

Enclose stamp for Catalogue, which will give practical
instructions how to grow these Queens of Flowers.

BRACKENRIDGE &l CO.,

(Successors to A. BK.\CI4.E VKIDGE.)

Estah. 1854. Rosebank Nurseries, Govanstown, Bait. Co , Mtf.

ftr Mention ibis paper.

COLUMBUS

Coabiiied MANURE SPREADERS

FARM WAGONS sold the first year
le cheapest Spreader out and the

apl

, only kind that can be at

^ tached to old wagons.

All are warranted.

.Prices mailed free.

I Newark Machine Co.

Columbnis, Ohio.

Eaatern Branch House, Uaserstown, Maryland.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

IQQT FOR SPRING PLANTING ! 1007

■*'*'■ NOW IS THE TIME TO PREPARE YOUR ORDERS. I " U ■

We offer the Largest, MostComplete and care- p J* III ^T T* ^S K7 C CS Standard
fully Cultivated Collections in the U. S. of ■ f% tJ I I I K El b W and Dwarf.

CRAPESfnVSSfo^-SMALLFRUITSSLt

INCLUDING THE FAMOUS NEW GOOSEBERRY "INDXTSTRY/^

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS AND EVERGREENS.

I^^^^S ^?^S Of every class, the Finest in cultivation. Catalo>,Mies stut to all regular
^(^^Wlb'^9 customers KKEE. Toothers: No. i, Fruits, luc; Ko. 2, Ornamental
Trees, &c., illustrated, isc; No. 3, Strawberries; No. 4, Wholesale; No. 5, Roses, Free.

ELLWAITGER & BARRY. ""'"^aa^^Eg.TIf'"^^'

'3

SOMETHING NEW

IN PLANTS!

SIXTY

For One Dollar!

I will send, free by mail, 13 PHLOX DRUMMONDII
GRANDIFLORA, 13 CHINA ASTERS, 13 DOUBLE
CHINA PINKS, 13 DOUBLE QILLARDIAS, 6 PETU-
NIAS and 6 VERBENAS— all Transplanted Plants, raised
from Choicest Strains of Seeds. Order at once, and will
send at proper time for planting in your locality. Prices
per 100 on application.

ALBERT M. H£RR,

Lock Box 338, Lancaster, Pa.

TREES, GRAPE VINES AND
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

A large lot of No. 1 and 2 Peach, 1 year, also No. 1 and No.
2, 2 years, of leafling kinds. Large lot of Norway Maple
of sizes ; also of Sugar Maple, 12 to 16 ft. Silver Maple
and Americau Liuden of sizes. Norway and Hemlock
Spruce, 2 to 5 feet. Balsam Fir; Siberian, American,
Reid's and Golden Arborvitse ; Irish Juniper. Concord
Grape, 2 and 3 years. An assortment of Shubbery and
Greenhouse Plants. Send for prices. Nursery within two
minutes' walk of Pa. R. R. Depot at Christiana Station.

W. P. BRINTON,

^^^ Christiana, Lancaster Co., Pa.

ja4

URPEFS

FARIVI ANNUAL FOR 1887

Will be sent Fit EE to all who write for it. It is

a IIund!<>oine Book of 128 pnjie!«, with

hundreds of illustrations, three C'OIjORED

Pl.ATE.S, and tells aU about the BEST

Dill DO Dl AUTO Thoroughbred stock

DULDOj r LAH I 0» and Fancy Poultry.

It describes Rare Novelties in Vegetables and

9 Flowers of real value, which cannot be obtained

GARDEN,
FARMand
FLOWER
^r^gL%iet^e^£i?^terpu\g^fg^ W.ATLEE BURPEE & CO.PHlLflPELPHlA.PA.

9

Per 100

Pure White and Hardy. . . .«8.00

\\,ljf''' H VERBENAS, Mammoth Strain 3.00

>>. .'^ PANSIES, Giant 3.00

f i DAISIES, New Quilled, Red

and White 3.00

j^ . s,^ ^^ GERANIUM, Mad. Salleroi.... 3.00

wif A^Myy'^'K " ^"""^'^ ^'^^

l<— --4lU(,^,^Hi " Ivy leaved 5.00

PENTSTEMONS. Fine, Named. 6.00

PETUNIAS, Best Double 4.00

AGERATUM,Snow Flake 6.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 6.00

TEA ROSES »4.00to 6.00

NOVELTIES IN

Roses, Ceraniums,Fuchsias, Begonias, Car-
nations, &.C., in Fine Stock.

E. HIPP ARD,Yoiing;8town, Ohio.

Write for Trade Circular. ftf

DimiriVlpQQ Its causes, and a new and successful
birtrill.00 CURE at your own home, by one
who was deaf twenty-eight years. Treated by most
of the noted specialists without benefit. Cured iiimself
in three months, and since then hundreds of others. Full
particulars sent on application.
n6 T. S. PAGE, No. 41 West 31st St., New York City.

ROSSS! FtOSSS!

We have the largest stock of imported and self-grown

roses. Our self-grown roses are ready for ship ment now.

Our imported rose-bushes are ready for shipment by end

of November. We can ship at any time all during this winter.

We keep our roses in cellars free from frost, thus enabling

us to ship in the coldest weather any time when plants are

wanted. We ship by express as there is no danger of plants

getting frozen. Catalogue on application. Our roses are

two and three years old, out-door grown and well branched.

This offer does not include the new roses of '84, '85, '86.

Lowest cash prices tor the trade.

100 H. P., purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind $10.00

liiO Teas, purchasers' select., not less than 5 of a kind 12.00

1,000 H. P., purchasers' select., notless than 5 of a kind 95.00

1( 0 H. P., our selection of yars., " " 10 of a kind 8.00

Lily of the Valley, strong forcing pips, SIO.OO per 1,000.

«95.00 per 10,000.

Mr. John Henderson's Foundling, Papa Gontier, dark
crimson Tea-rose ; 1 plant, 50c. ; 12 plants, $5.00. Cash must
accompany all orders. ja4

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

Box 78. College Point, L. I.

"25Years.:;PoultryYard"

33d Edition. 108 pages. How to prevent
HOG and POULTKY CHOLERA, GAPES
and KOUPE. I wrote it as a system of
practical HOG and POULTRY keeping.
Symptoms and remedies for all diseases.
How to feed for Eggs. 25c. in stamps. A copy of
"The Core Dale Poultry Yard," containing illaa*
Catalogue and Price List of 30 varieties FREE.

A. M. LANC, Box 846, Cincinnati, O.

i

M

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

The West Imerican Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
California. Eminent Scientists of the United States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

CF" Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

-09- A FEW COPIES LEFr-=®&

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Treatise on their Construction, Heating and Ven-
tilation. Including Conservatwies, Greenhouses, Grap-
eries, and other kinds of Horticultural Struc-
tures ; tvith Practical Directions for
their managtnient in regard
to Light, Heat and Air.

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.
Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
cloth.

THIS BOOK IS OUT OF PRINT and will not be RE-
PRINTED. WE HAVE SECURED THE LAST FEW
COPIES THAT CAN BE HAD AT ALL. Price, »1.50;
by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

APPLBTON'S

Aiericafl Cyclojaeiia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, e?ch

Tolume containing over 800 pages, fully illustrated with several

thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Lltho-

iraphic Maps, the whole costing the publishers a sum exceeding
600,000, exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the 16 vols., for 8 80 00

Library leather, " " 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, i6 vols., for 112 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 12800

FullRussia, " •' 16000

FullMorocco, antique gilt edges 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.
Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Addre ,s,

CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St.

HINTS FOR. PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.

60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

By Edward Sprague Rand, Jr.

Ati-«atise on HardyandTenderbulbsand Tubers. 369pages, lamo,
cloth. Price, 82.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.
— as: H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

1838— POMONA NURSERIES— 1887

A Superb Stock of Lawson, best Early Mar-
ket Pear. Kieffer, best Late Market Pear. Lt
Conte and other Pear Trees. Wilson, Jr., Lar-
ijest known Blackberry; 163 bush, per acre— 4Ji
inches around. Erie, the Largest very hardy
Blackberry. Marlboro and Golden Queen Rasp-
berries. Parry and Lida. best Market Straw-
berries. Niagara Empire State and other Grapea
in large sujjply. All the worthy old, and prom-
Catalogue Free.

ismg new iruits,

WM. PARRY, Parry, N. J.

ibiey's Tested Seed

Catalogue free on application.

Send for it.

HIRAM SIBLEY & CO..

KOCHESTEK, N. y. & Chicago, III.

s

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illustrated. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price $2.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Name*
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, tine cloth. Price 81.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CRANBERRY CULTURE.

BY JOSEPH J. WHITE

Embodj-ing in plain and concise manner all the useful and
practical facts which study and experience have yielded to
the inquiring Cranberry grower of the present time. 126
pages, 12 mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, post-paid $1.25.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

""class book of botany.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Being outlines of the Structure, Physiology and Classification of
Plants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
3 vo, half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post-
paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, PhiIadelp^•■'

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE,

with explanations of the laws of motion and orce as applied on the
farm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, priceji.so; mailed postage
free OB receipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H, MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street. PhiU.

ART ®F PR®PA@ATI®I1.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and
Everybody. 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 30 cuts,
NEW EDITION. Price, 30 cents ; mailed, postage free, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H, MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FIR TREE OIL

The gallon, $3.25
For Cash with order, less 10 %, .30 .

Hughes' Soluble, the well-known Insecticide
Prices are Kertuced to :

The quart, $1.00
10

Net Cash, $2.95

Net Cash, .90 J

Other size packages
are discontinued.

'\y^T Jl GrT JJ-RJTTLPJJTJR The Best Remedy for Mildew

Buy it by the bag and save money ; Florists of prominence endorse it.

Original bags of 100 kilo (about 220 lbs.) sold at $12.00 per bag.

50 kilo { " 110 " ) " " 6.50
25 lbs. sold at $2 ; 10 lbs. sold at $1 ; Single lbs. sold at 15 cents.

BOUGHT ON COMMISSION.

Such as Immortelles, Cape
Flowers, Baskets, Papers, Foil,
Wire Goods, Doves, £tc.. Etc.

SPRING-PLANTS

Send for our Special Circular containing many offers.

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Send for Illustrated Spring Supplement to our Fall Wholesale Price List.

Address : _

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flower Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Sometbing entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all wbo bave grounds, has been
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVett; England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

apl

COLUMBUS

Combined MANURE SPREADERS

WAGONS sold the first year

cheapest Spreader out and the

ily kind that can be at

hed to old wagons.

All are warranted.

Prices mailed free.

Newark Machine Co.

Colurabas, Ohio.
Iloarerstown, Maryland.

Catalogue of New, Rare ^nd Beautiful
Plants for 1887,

* IS NOW READY. *

MAILED FREE.

Lovers of fine plants will find a large collection of beauti-
ful and rare plants as well as all novelties of merit. This
rich collection is well grown and offered at very low prices.
/\T> /NXTTT^O ^ '^©'■y ^^rge collection of rare
\JjEL\jXM.^MJi!y Orchids, viz.: Fhalsenopsis,
.brides, Cypripediums, Gattleyas, Dendrobiams, Sac-
colabiums, Lselias, Odontoglossums, &c.
T> f\Qf^*Qf ^^ immense stock of all the New French
JEki\JS9J0lt9 ^nd English Varieties. Pot-grown at
cheap rates. New Rose Catalogue Free.
g^Y X^Uff* A. nPTC Of *l^i^ ^®ry beautiful plant
\/MjKd"M l\ K A%f a most extensive collection
is grown. The plants are fine.

Catalogues of Orchids, Roses, Seeds, Fruit Trees, &c..
mailed free to applicants.

tf4 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

Eaatern Branch Ho

EMPIRE STATE CRAPES. -A MAGNIFICENT
STOCK of 1 and 8 YEAR VINES. Order direct
from the Original Introducers, PRATT BROTHERS,
Bochester, N. Y. Send for Circulars. ap2

^1

ORDERS FOR FALL DELIVERY NOW REQUESTED.

SEND FOR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE.

AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, from 3, 4 and 5-iuch Pots.

Ready for immediate delivery.

Address,

C. H. JOOSTEN,

Importer of Plants, Bulbs and Seeds,
aptf 3 COENTIES SLIP, NEW YORK.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Continental Company of Horticulture,

Ancient Firm of J. LINDEN,
(Societe Anonyme.) GHENT, BELGIUM. IN LIQUIDATION.

Min ^IqIo nf Dlanta ^^^ ^^*^' ^^^^^ ^""^ following days.
II. \n\\\ II imlS AN UNUSUAL CHOICE OF SPECIMENS OF RARE
lU MUlU Ul 1 iUlUtJ PLANTS OF INCOMPARABLE CULTURE.

TUC PRPQPNT^ALE comprises especially: Grand Collections of Palm Trees; striking ex-
ini- I iii-cyi-iii ^jni-i- ^jj^pigg . the First Plant Prizes of all the Great Exhibitions of the
Continent, and peculiar to Europe.

1^^ OOO -^z^sas of all sizes ; Orchids, New and Rare ; Araucarias, Small Palms ; Varie-
\J\^*^^^^^^ gated Foliage Plants for Decoration ; Camellias, Dracaenas, Nepenthes, Aroids —
in Specimens and in Young Plants.

Pfll flS^AL TREE FERNS ^^^° some of Moderate Sizes. An Infinity of Others. Plants
UUl-UJOWi- iin-i- t,iiiicy, ^j ^j^g -Winter Gardens. Orangerie and Conservatory ; Plants
OfBcinal and Medicinal recommended to the Botanical Garden; Plants for Summer Bedding.
miUIPIFTF II^T OF NEW PLANTS Nearly all the Prizes at the Great Exhibitions in

and the following days. Every day from 9 A. M. to 12 M., and from 2 to 6 P. M. By Public
Auction (at Local Establishment) ,

52 Rue du Chaume and 56 Coupure, Ghent, Belgium.

Descriptive Catalogues of the days of sale will be put at the disposal of Amateurs on the 1st of May.

Amateurs, Horticulturists and Managers of Gardens will find at this sale a Rare Chance to
Complete or to form Collections of Large or Decorative Plants, by purchasing plants which have
made the World-wide Reputation of this Establishment.

-fjii '■1,-'^ (OLD MAN CACTUS.)

I

k

y , „ mji Extra fine plants, .... $1.00 to $10.00 each.

Echinocactus Crussoni,

PILOCEREUS SENILIS.

»^j||ai Pronounced by the highest authorities to be THE

^ifji ^ifM FINEST CACTUS KNOWN, entirely new. We

\ ' Al^^fflH control the stock of this variety. Price, $5.00 to

ftih*/// ^; )\ iiiiif^)i/^lffl $25.00 for well-established plants. 300 other

wimaM^^^^Mtk ^^®^P varieties. Send for Catalogue to

' ' A. BLANC «fc CO.,

iFWiflHH 314 N. Eleventh Street, Pliiladelphia, Penna.

CTRAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
NO. 236 PSAFil. ST-RSST,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

X-. V. f»v.ik. «cr««v. REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: *'^»* *w*«.vxKjr.

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, Carlisle, England.

O. Q. VA-N TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

LiEIVAVASSEUR & FIL.S, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurserjrman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOENE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ---.-. Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REIBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and FloristSt
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

Ba«e-Burnlng Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Kstablished, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEBCKBB STREET,

NEW YORK.

^g^^^^r"^ FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

"" ' ^^ ^ -EIGHTEEN SIZES-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-YALYES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

Gorragated Firebox Boiler. TjO "^^ !E^!E^XCIIKlS

Fiveslzes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. -I— 1^^-/ VV .J. -'-V^'-'-V,^ I IK,^

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING APPARATUS.

Lifting-Rods foi Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

m ^ ROSES A SPXSGIAIiTir ^ ^

FOR NEAELY TWENTY YEARS OUR BUSINESS HAS BEEN GROWING AND DISTRIBUTING ROSES.
We offer the Largest and Most Complete Assortment in this Country. STRONG. WEIL-MATURED
PLANTS, in Large and Small Sizes, Suitable for ROSE GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FORCING HOUSES,
&o. All the Popular Sorts in Large Supply— AMERICAN BEAUTY, BENNETT, THE BRIDE, HER MAJESTY,
PERLE DES JARDINS, PIERRE GUILLOT, PAPA GONTIER, C. MERMET, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, BON SILENE,
LA FRANCE, GEN'L JACQ., and over 400 other Varieties, COMPRISING THE CHOICEST NEW AND OLD
STANDARD SORTS for GENERAL PLANTING ; all at very Reasonable Prices. Also, HYDRANGEA GRANDI-
FLORA, VIBURNUM PLICATUM, JAPAN JUDAS, NEW DEUTZIAS, NEW WEIGELAS, and a Full Line of
the Finest HARDY SHRUBBERY and CLIMBING VINES, including AMPELOPSIS, AKEBIAS, EUROPEAN
and EVERGREEN SWEET-SCENTED HONEYSUCKLES, WISTARIAS, &c. — all in STRONG, OPEN-GROUND
PLANTS. Catalogues on application. Address,

„5 THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Pa.

CO

H
Z
<

tt

3
O

STRAWBERRIES ®

26 Plants each of Sharpless, Bidwell,
Cumberland and Manchester Strawber-
ries. 6 Plants each of Cuthbert Red
and 6 Gregg Black Raspberries. 1 Con-
cord, 1 Martha Grapevine and 3 Cherry
Currants. All the above only $ |. 50.

Address,

WSI^D <Sc CO.,

LYNDONVILLE, N. Y.

15 Plants each of Parry and May
King Strawberries Free with every
order sent us before April 15th. ap"2

>

■0

PI

CO

RASPBERRIES

LARGEST DAHLIA

IN CULTIVATION :

J J My New Price List of Single
and Double Dahlias, &c., has

just appeared, with beautiful
illustrations. Sent post-paid on application. Special culti-
vator of Novelties in Dahlias — high and low stemmed,
80 different premiums and medallions received.

J. SIECKMANN,

Kostritz, Germany.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantown, Phila.

As the season for planting will be nearly over by the time this advertisement reaches the reader, we can only
thank the public for the responses made to our efforts to extend a knowledge of the many beautiful trees and shrubs
that exist almost unknown in tirst-class nurseries. Those who have not yet been fully awakened to the pleasure which
variety gives, should take the opportunity during the growing season to see plants of the following on the grounds of
their friends, all of which we hope to be able to offer in good plants directly to customers or in large <iuantities to dealers
the coming fall :

JAPAN SNOWBALL
(See Cut).

BLOOD-LEAVED JAPAN
MAPLE (See Cut).

JAPAN JUDAS.

FUCHStA WEIGELA
(W. floribunda).

GRAY CEDAR (Retinos-
pora squarrosa).

JAPAN YEW (Cephalo-
taxus).

SORREL TREE (Andro-
meda arborea).

MAGNOLIAS of all kinds.

WHITE FRINGE.

KADSURA (Cercidl-
phyllum).

HOVENIA DULCIS.
HYDRANGEA RADICANS
PANICULATA.
WEEPING DOGWOOD,

and many other inter-
esting things,for which
see our catalogues.
Our illustrated cata-
logue can be had for
six cents in stamps.

JAPAN SNOWBALL.

BLOOD-LEAVED JAPAN MAPLE

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

'Greenhouses f Graperies, Conservatories , Propagating Houses, For-^

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO K££P CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

S6 BEVERLY STI^EET,

«i7l2 BOSTON. I^J^SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautatibns, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices . Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

PHILADELPHIA

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

feFEl)S-MINA>D>LRS;ER3MEN

10,000 Electros toi aliove For sale
cheap beiul 25c for large illustrated
book and deilm t Irom Iht oi der. No
one can compete with me in prices
loi New work. ftf

" THE GREAT ABYSSINIAN BANANA."

Mr William Robinson, the great English authority on gar-
dening, '.ays thiv is the noblest decorative plant in the world,
and the many customers we induced to try it last season,
confirm this.
Mr. Krieger, superintendent of Wheeling Park, writes : "Inever had any-
thing in the park that has attracted one-quarter the attention and admiration
as these wonderful Bananas. You will remember my buying fifty of them
when at your e»tablishment last spring, at your earnest recommendation,
though I confess I was decidedly skeptical of such small plants realizing your
glowing description. I planted them in an old dahlia bed, and although the soil was very
rich already, I piled on the manure 'thick and heavy,' and spaded it in. Then I had my
men water the bed daily with the hose. The result is astonishing. To-day (Oct. 14th) the
plants are 13 feet high (actual measurement), and their beautvand majestic appearance are
beyond my powers of description." A member of the Pittsburgh Club, who bought a lot to
plant in front of the club-house (in the central part of the city), says : "The rapidity of their
growth astonished me, and I have been bothered not a little trying to tell the many inquirers
what they are. They are cheap, ridiculouslv cheap, for I could not have equaled their
tropical effectiveness with a couple hundred dollars' worth of palms."

The great merits of this banana have long been known to plantsmen and amateurs, but its
high price has always prevented its becoming popular. We have succeeded in getting a
large stock, which we can offer at about one-sixth the usual prices.

In the latitude of New York thev should not be planted until the 20th or 2oth of May, In
some of the Southern States and California thev are entirely hardy.

PRICES: 50 cts., 75 cts.. 81.00, 81.5IM2.00 and S3.00 each ; 85.00, S8.00, $10.00. S15.00, 820.00
and $30.00 per dozen, according to size; a few extra-l^rge plants at $5.00 and $10.00 each.
-2,,^_>^-' [J^he smallest-sized plants will make fine specimens (from 6 to 12 feet high) the first season

" -^ if soil is very rich and freely watered. We will send the smallest size, post-paid, by mail,

__--, „^^„ ^ carefully packed, for 75 cts. each. The large sizes are not mailable.

OUK BOOK.— Our work, 'M I'ezv Flowers Worthy of General Culture:' was published (at first for free distribution)
to call serious attention to the great advantage of gardening with hardy flowers ; but its attractiveness created such a
great demand lor it, and from many who were not plant buyers, that it was a serious tax on us, and we are compelled to
make a nominal charge for it. The fourth and enlarged edition, now readv. is certainly the most beautiful and original
book on flowers yet published— can be had bound in handsome durable cover, for 50 cents, or in leather for 75 cents, and
FIFTY CENTS Will be ALLOWED ON THE FIRST ORDER SENT amounting to two dollars or more ; or an order for two

Axf^^iJ^S^J^^"^'" secure a copy free, but not a second copv if one has already been received.
*■ "^^ ^DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, containing a complete list of the best new and old varieties of Roses, Clema-
tis^, Rhododendrons, Hardy Azaleas. Carnations, Lilies, Tuberous-rooted Begonias, Gloxinias, and the largest collection
OI ilardy Plants in America, sent on receipt of ten cents in stamps.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO., 57 Sixth St., Pittsburg, Pa.

^^-^

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

•7

CI«UB PAPERS AT NKT PRICES

-»- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS.-©*

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All the Year Round 3 90

American Angler 2 25

" Agriculturist 1 10

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" Architect, Imperial Edition.. 8 50
" " Regular " .. 1 40

" Bazar 1 25

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" Farmer 90

♦' Garden 85

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•' Machinist 2 30

" Naturalist, new 3.45; renewals 3 fiO

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Andover Review 3 35

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Atlantic Monthly 3 .35

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland 45

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint... 2 90

Boole Buyer 90

Boston Med. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 1 90

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World 1 25

Build'r&Woodwork'r.newSO; ren. 90

Canadian Horticulturist 1 00

Cassell's Family Magazine 1 35

Caterer, The, 1 00

Oarpentry and Building 80

Century, The 3 65

Chautauquan. The 1 45

Chautauqua Young Folks Journal 1 00

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new 82.25. ren' w 3 00

Christian Union 2 75

Church Review 4 00

Cincinnati Graphic News 3 25

Colm.in's Rural World 1 20

Constitution, Atlanta, weekly 1 15

Contemporary Review, reprint 4 25

•Cosmopolitan, The 2 .50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 60

Critic 2 60

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest's Magazine 1 70

Descriptive American 4 50

Detroit Free Press, Weekly I 00

Deutsches Garten-Magazin 2 50

Dramatic Review 80

Druggists' Circular, new, subs .... 1 40

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, original 3 35

" reprint 2 90

Education, Bi-monthly 3 50

Ehrich's Fashion Quarterly .50

Electrical Review 2 50

Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1-50

" Monthly Reviews, each. . . 4 25
*' " " the three 11 75

" Quarterly " each 2 90

" " " the four . 10 25

Engineering & Mining Journal. ... 3 25

Farm and Home 50

Farm J ournal, Phila.subs.42c ; others 30

Farmer's Home Journal 1 25

Farm, Field and Stockman 1 3-5

Floral Instructor 45

Folio (Musical) 1 25

porest and Stream 3 25

Fortnightly Review, reprint 4 25

New York Independent, f! yr. only 82 75
" " Medical Journal, w'kly ... 4 75

" •' Sun, weekly 1 00

" " Times, weekly 100

" " Times, semi-weekly 2 36

" " Tribune, weekly 1 10

" " Tribune, semi-weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weekly 1 00

" " World, weekly & Premium 1 00

Nineteenth Century, reprint 4 25

Notes and Queries. London 5 60

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer 1 00

Orchid Album 15 00

Our Country Home 50

Our Little Men and Women 90

OurLittleOnesA The Nursery 1 35

Outing 2 50

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 90

Peterson's Magazine 1 65

Philad'a Press, daily $.5. 75; weekly. 95

WeeklyTimes 165

Daily " 2 80

" Sunday " 1 65

" MedicalTimes 175

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. $1.90; no pr. . 1 75

Popular Educator 80

Popular Gardening & Fruit Record r 85

Popular Science Monthly 4 25

Popular " News.new, 90; renew. 1 00

Portfolio, The 7 00

Poultry Bulletin 90

Poultry Nation 65

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 15

Practical Farmer 1 25

Practitioner, Medical 3 15

Prairie Farmer 130

Presbyterian 2 65

Puck 4 25

Queries 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Revue Horticole 4 10

Revue de I'Horticulture Beige 2 90

Rural Californian, new 81 .2(1; ren' w 1 40
Rural New Yorker, & Seed Prem. . 1 85

L'Art 10 00 j Saint Nicholas 2 70

Library Journal 4 50 \ .Saturday Evening Post 1 75

Lippincott's Magazine 2 50 i School Journal 2 50

Forum, The 4 50

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly... 1 95

" " Chatterbox, annu'ly... 80

" Illustrated Weekly.... 3 40

" " lUustrite Zeitung 3 40

" Popular Monthly 2 65

" " Pleasant H'rs, mont'ly 1 55

" " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'w81.65new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Lady Book 1 60

Golden Days 2 50

Good Housekeeping 2 15

Good Cheer 40

Good Words, English Ed 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 7 00

" 6 mos 3 75

" " " 3 mos 2 25

(Weekly) 1 75

Green's Fruit Grower 35

Hall's Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Young People 1 65

Herald of Health 90

Home Decoration 1 50

Horticultural Art Journal 3 00

Household 90

Humboldt Library of Science 1 25

illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

Illustrated London News 8 75

Indiana Farmer .; 1 00

Interior, new subs., 81 90. renewals 2 35

InterOcean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 35

" " daily, including Sunday 9 50

Iron Age, monthly 1 15

Iron Trade Review 2 25

Journal des Roses 3 00

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly)... 5 40

Journal of Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Franklin Institute 4 25

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Philology, Eng.,i^yr'ly 2 30
Journal of .Speculative Philosophy 2 50
Kansas Farmer 1 15

Literary World, new81. 75; renew.. 1

Littell's Living Age 8 00

Little Folks 1 30

London Anthenaeum 5 00

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 4 30

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardening. Illustrated 1 80

London Gardening World 2 15

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 35

'• " " reprint.. 2 90

L'Orchidophile 3 75

•Macmillan's Magazine 2 75

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 65

" " Supplement 4 20

" " &Supt. together... 6 00

Scribners' Magazine 2 65

Khorthand Guide 40

Shorthand Writer 1 75

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

Sunday Magazine, English 2 25

Swiss Cross 1 45

Teachers' Institute 1 25

The Present 90

Toledo Blade, Weekly I 00

Magazine of American History.. . 4 25 ; Torrey Botanical Bulletin.

95

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 15

Maryland Farmer 90

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New England Homestead 2 25

New York Evening Post, daily 8 30

" " " " semi-w'kly. 2 80

" " Fashion Bazar,monthlv.. . 2 40

Trade Review 2 50

Treasure Trove 1 00

U. S. Official Postal Guide 135

Vick's must' d Monthly Magazine . 95

Watchman new S2 25; renew 2 5(i

West American Scientist 75

Western Agriculturist 8()

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 -55

Westminster Review (reprint) 2 90

Wide Awake 2 20

Herald, weekly "... . 1 00 ' Youth's Companion 1 75

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said paver to insure attention.
Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER.

■ Qakdenebs' Monthly with American Agriculturist for SZ-S."?

" Florist 3. .50

Garden 2 60

Botanical Gazette for 3.30

Horticultural Art Journal for 4.00

— — " " '« The Cosmopolitan for 3.75

Address OHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Special Combinations

i8

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) will be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c. i

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 4 50

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 3 00

Amatenr's Greenhouse, Hlbberd 300

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 3 00

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75 i

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd '■150

Break's New Book of Flowers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 3 25

British Fungi, Cooke, colored plates 250

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 50

Carnation Culture, illustrated 1 .W

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., lU'd 4 00

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 150

Chrysanthemum. The, Fish 25

Cook's British Fungi ] 50

Cook's Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Cottage Gardening, Hobday 50 1

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 1 75

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates 150

Fern Paradise,illd plain. S3; col. plates, 1.75; photos 500

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 1 50

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 150

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr. i Nos., $2 ; bound vols. 2 75

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200J

Halliday's Camellia Culture 2 00 '

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 150,

Heiurich's Window Flower Garden 75 i

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1 50

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 1 00

Orchids, by Lewis Castle 50

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 250

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, §30; cloth 15 00

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00

Paul's Book of Roses 50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 7 00

Paul's Roses in Pots 1 00

Parsons, Saml. B., on the Rose 150

Band's Bulbs 2,50

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Rand's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture 3.50

Band's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00

Robinson's English Flower Garden 6 00

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 375

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl. 1 00 :

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50 {

Two Thousand a Year in Fruits and Flowers 1 25 '

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 25

White's Gardening for the South 2 00 :

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates 5 00 i

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 200

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50 :

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50

Williams,B. S., Stove AGreenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 500 i

Williams, B. S., Select Perns and Lycopods 2 50 !

Window Gardening, Williams 1 50 ;

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 125

Your Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman..

Apple Culturist, Todd

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated

Barry's Fruit Garden

Bassett's Cranberry Culture

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America

Dm Breuil's Fruit Culture

Du Breuils Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliotts Fruit Growers' Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ; cl.

Fitz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flagg s European Vineyards

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines

Fuller's Grape Culturist

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed
Fulton on Peach Culture

1 50 1
150

75 I

2 50
30
75

500
175

2 0u
100
150
150

3 75
30

150

150

£0

150

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 50'

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 1 00

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 00

My Vineyard at Lakevie w 1 25

Nursery and Orchard, Peek 1 2&

Orange Culture, Moore 1 00

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter. paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 50-

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prolit 100

Reemelln's Wine-makers' Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Rivers' Orchard House 2 00

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 25

Strong's Fruit Culture 1 oa

Thomas'. J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

White's Cranberry Culture 125'

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F, Rural Architecture 160

Architects'A Builders' P'k t Comp'n, cl., 1.50 ; tuck 2 Of^

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling" Carpentry and Joinery 1 25

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 1 50

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 1 00

Carpenter s and Joiner s Hand Book (Holly) 75

Cooper's Rural Hours 2 uO

Cottage Houses. Reed 1 25

Downing's Cottage Residences 3 0O

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Bui Iders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques" Manual of the House 1 50-

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Diaw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter s and Builders' Guide 150

Waring's Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 2.50

Wheeler's Rural Homes ICO

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 1 Od

Woodward's Country Homes 1 OO

Woodward's Gratieries and Hort. Buildings 100

Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00'

Woodward's Suburban and -Country Houses 1 00

Wooletfs Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY. PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans. Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester s Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, paper $1.00 ; cloth. 1 .50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1 00

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordons Pinetum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 00

Houghs Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 2 50

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Heautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 1 OO

Veitch's Manual of the Conifette, Illustrated 3 00

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.

Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00

Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50'

How to Destroy insects 30

Insect Lives, or" Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Houis with Insects 2 50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Rilej-'s Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany " 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Darwiu's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 oa
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 .50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, Hid 5 00

Dragendoiffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Sclilickeysen -. 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 1 OO

Gray's Manual of Botany 2 25

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, in 1 vol 4 00

Gray's Structural Botany 230

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

>9

Gray's School and FieUl-Book of Botany

Hendersons Hand-Book of Plants

Johnsons How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow ,

Llndleys Treasury of Botany, 2 vols

Loudon's Encyclopedia of Plants

Microscopic Fungi, Cook, col'd plates

Paxton's Botanical Dictionary

Twining's Natural Order of Plants, 2 vol...

Wood's Class Book of Botany

VEGETABLES. GARDENING, &c.

Asparagus Culture

Bridgemans American Gardeners Assistant

Bridgenians Kitchen Gardener's Instructor

De Voes Market Assistant

Fitz's Sweet Potato Culture

Garrlening l>y Myself, Warner

Gardening for Young and Old, Harris

Gar<len Receipts, Quin

Gregorv on Cabbages

Gregory on Carrots, Mangold Wurtzels, &c

Gregory on Onion Raising

Gregory on Squashes

Hendersons Garden and Farm Topics

Henderson's Gardening for Profit, New Edition...

Hogg's Vegetable Garden

Kitchen and Market Garden

Mushroom Culture, Robinson

Mushrooms for the Million, Wright

Onion Cultu re

Pea Nut Plant and Cultivation

Quinns Money in the Garden

Schenks Gardener's Text Book

Tillinghasts Manual Veg ble Plants, paper,50c.; cl.
Truck Farming at the South, Dr. A. Oemler

AGRICULTURE, MANURES. RURAL ECONOMY. &c.

Allen's, R. L.,and L. F., New American Farm Book

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Beet Root Sugar

Bommer s Method of Making Manures

Boussingalt's, J. B., Rural Economy

Brill's Farm-gardening and Seed-growing

Broom Corn and Brooms, paper, 50c. ; cloth

Coloradoasan Agricultural State, Pabor

Curtisson Wheat Culture

Dana s, Sam 1 H., Muck Manual

Diseases, Field and Garden Crops, Smith

Farm Conveniences

Farm Homes, Leand

Farm ing for Boys

Farming for Profit, Reed

Five Acres too Much (illustrated) ,

Flax Culture (7 Prize Essays by P'ctl Growers)..

French s Farm Drainage

Garden, Farm and Barnyard, Jacques

Grasses of North America, 457 pp., lU'd., Beal

Gregory on Fertilize! s, paper

Harlan's Farming- with Green Manures

Harris" Talks on Manures

Hop Culture, by Nine Experienced Cultivators...

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How the Farm Pays, Crozier and Henderson

Johnson's Elements of Agricultui-al Chemistry...

Johnstons, J. S. W., Agricultural Chemistry

Klippart 8 Land Drainage

Klippart s W h eat Plant

Loring s Farm Yard Club of Jotham

Lyman's Cotton Culture

Alanual of Agiiculture, Emerson and Flint

My Farm of Edgewood

Nichols Chemistry of the Farm and Sea

Norton's, .Jno. P., Elements of Scientific Agric...

Our Farm of Four Acres

Pedder s, James, Farmer's Land Measurer

Plant Lite on the Farm, Masters

Quincy, Hon, Josiah, on Soiling Cattle

Scott's Soil of the Farm

Silos and Ensilage, Thurber

Stewart's Irrigation for Farm, Garden & Orchard.

Stewart's Sorghum and its Products

Ten Acres Enough

Thomas', J. J., Farm Implements and Machinery.

Thompsons Food of Animals

Tim Bunker's Papers, or Yankee Farming

Tobacco Culture, by U Experienced Cultivators. .

Turner's Cotton Planter's Manual

Vine's Chemical Manures

Waring" s Drainage for Profit and Health

Waring's Elements of Agriculture

Wariiigs Fanner's Vacation

Waring's Handy Book of Husbandry

Warington's Chemistry of the Farm

Wilson's Drainage for Health

Youman s Household Science

'2 50
.S(K»
2 00
2 00
600
13 50

2 50
10 00
IS 00

3 50

ANIMALS. DOMESTIC AND GAME. TREATMENT, &c.

Allen s, L. F., American Cattle 2B0

Allen's. R. L., Diseases of Domestic Animals 100

Amateur Trapper A Trap Maker s Guide, pa. N); bds 75

American Bird l-'ancier (Brown's) 50

American Fish. How to Catch, by Old Angler 1 00

American Merino, forWool & for Mutton, Powers 1 "5

Batty's How to Hunt and Trap 1 50

Battys Practical Taxidermy & Home Decoration. 1 50

Beales Profitable Poultry Keeping 1 50

Bement's Poulterer's Companion 2 00

Bements Rabbit l<"ancler 30

Blessed Bees, Allen 1 00

Book of the Black Bass, Henshaw 3 00

Book of Household Pets, paper, .'jOc. ; cloth 75

Brown s Taxidermist's Manual 1 00

Burnham's New Poultry Book 200

Canary Birds, paper, 50c. cloth 2 75

Clok's Diseases of Sheep 1 25

Coburns Swine Husbandry 175

Cole s American Veterinarian 60

Cook"s Bee-keepeers Guide, cloth, $1 25 ; paper 1 00

Corbett's Poultrv Yard & Market, paper. 50c.; cl. 75

Dadd"s American Cattle Doctor, 12mo. sjil.50, 8vo.. . •-' 50

Dadds American Reformed Horse Book,8vo. cloth 2 -50

Dadd's Modern Horse Doctor 1.50

Dinks, Mayhew and Hutchinson on the Dog 3 00

Fishing with the Fly, Orvis 2 50

Florida and the Game Water Birds, Roosevelt .... 2 00

Fly FMshing. Salmon, Trout & Grayling, Hamilton 1 75

Frank Forester s American Game in Season 1 50

Geyelins Poultry Hreeding 1 25

Goldfish and itsCulture, Mulertt 1 00

Guenon on How to Select Cows 75

Guenon on Miloh Cows, new edition 1 00

Harrison thePig 150

Herbert s Hints to Horsekeepers 175

Holden s Book of Birds, paper 25c., cloth 50

Horse and His Diseases, Kendall 25

Horse, How to Huy and Sell, Howden 1 00

Horses, their I'oet and their Feed, paper 50c., cloth 75

Hunter and Tiapper 1 00

Jersey, Aldernoy and Guernsey Cow, Hazard 1 50

Keeping One Cow 1 00

Langstroth, Rev L. L., on the Hive and Honey Bee 2 00

Lewis" Practicr.i j'oultry Book l 50

Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management 3 00

McClure's Disease on Am. Horse, Cattle and Sheep 2 00

Miles on the H'^rses Foot 75

Miner's, T. B., Bee Keepers Manual 125

Norris" Fish Culture 1 75

Prairie Experiences, Cattle* Sheep, Maj. Shepherd 1 00

Quinby's New Uee-Keeping 1 SO

Rabbits for Exhibiiion, Pleasure and Market 1 25

Randall's Fine Wool Sheep Husbandry 100

Randall's Practical shepherd 2 Oo

Randall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50

Reasoronthe Fiog 150

Scientific An^iier. Foster 150

Shooting on the Wing 75

Slack sTrouL Culture 100

Standard of Excellence in Poultry 100

Stewart's Shepherd's Manual I 50

Stewart s Stable Book 1 50

Stoddard's An Egg Farm, cloth 50

Taylors Bee-Keepers Manual, Hid 215

Thompson s Food of Animals 1 00

Ti-apper s Guide 150

Walton's Complete Angler 160

Waring's Essa J- on Jersey Cattle 50

Wrights Brahma Fowl , 2 50

Wright s Practical Poultry Keeper 2 00

Wrights Practical Pigeon Keeper 150

Youatt and Spooner on the Horse 150

Youatton Sheep 100

Youatt on the Horse 1 75

PRACTICAL. TECHNICAL, MISCELLANEOUS.

Art of Grafting and Budding, Baltet 125

Art of Propagation 30

Art of Saw Filing 75

Building Associations, How to Manage 2 00

Building Associations ; What they are, and Use. . . 75

Butler s Family Aquarium 75

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets 300

Gardeners Carriage Painters Manual 1 00

Hints for Painters, by an Old Hand, paper 25

Household Conveniences 1 50

How to Make Candy 50

How to Paint 100

How to Read 100

Ho w to Use the Microscope, Phin 1 00

Industrial Education in Public Schools, Straight 15

Mayhew's Practical Book-keeping for Farmers 80

Mrs. Cornelius" Young nousekeeper"s Friend 150

Painter, Gilder and Varnisher 1.50

Ropps Easy Calculator, cloth, $1.00 ; morocco 1 50

Scribners Ready Reckoner and Log Book 35

Wells" Every Man his own Lawyer 200

Wood-working Tools blow to Use Them. Whittake 60

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Index to Advertisements.

Bend orders early as possible. Chanfjes of copy must be in
\ijlGth. Neiv orders veceix&Ci after 24tii of month cannot be
insured insertion In next issue. Fly-leaf copy {new or
changes) must be in l)y 16th.

Benz Albert, Douglaston, N. Y Fly-leaf page 2

Blanc A., Philadelphia 8

Blanc A. & Co . Philadelphia 4

Brackenridfje & Co.. Govanstown, Md Flj-leaf page 2

Bush John s.. New York 11

Business Directory 11

Chautauqua Planter Co., Jamestown, N. Y 9

Collins John S., Moorestown, N. .1 20

Continental Company of Horticulture, Ghent, Belgium.. . 4

Cowen N. <fe Bon, New York 20

Dewey D. M., Rochester, N. Y 11

Dillon J . L. , Bloomsburg. Pa 11

Dingee&ConardCo., West Grove, Pa 6

Dreer Henry A., Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

Elliott B. A., Pittsburg. Pa 8, 11

Engle & Bro., Marietta, Pa 11

Gregory James J. H., Marblehead, Mass 9

Herr Albert M., Lancaster, Pa 9

Hippard E., Youngstown, 0 9

Hitchings <fe Co.. New York 5

JenkinsJ., Winona, Ohio 8

Joosten C.H., New York 8

Lamborn Lora L., Alliance, <) 11

Landreth D. * Sons, Philadelphia Fly-leaf page 2

McAllister F. E., Ne w Y ork .7 20

Meehan Thomas, Germantown, Phila.. 6

Mullen Geo., Boston, Mass 11

Murphey C. H., Urbana. O 11

Newark Machine Co., Columbus, O H

O'Neill Frederic, Philadelphia, Pa 11

Orcutt C. R., San Diego, Cal 1 1

Parry Wm., Parry, N.J. : 9

Parsons & Son.s Co. Flushing, N. Y 4th cover page

Pinney Geo., Evergreen, Wis 9

Plenty Jos., New York and Phila Fly-leaf page 2

Power Chas. .1., South Framingham, Mass 11

Pratt Bros., Rochester, N. Y 3

Raoux C. New York 4

Rolker August & Sons, New York

Saul John, Washington, D. C Fly-leaf page 2, .S

Sieokmann J., Kostritz. Germany fi

Smith David, Boston, Mass 7

S()lly Geo. A. & Son, Springfield, Mass .S

TTiorburn J. M. & Co.. New York Flvleaf page 1

Vanhorne, Gritten & Co., New York Fly-leal page 2

Vick James, Rochester, N. Y Fly-leaf, page 2

Weathered Thomas W.. New York . . .10

Weld & Co., Lyndonville, N. Y fi

Wilson Wm. C, Stienways, Astoria, L. I., N. Y 9

SITUATIONS WANTED.

Advertisements under this head must be paid for in advance, wttft
the order, at rate of 50 cents for every 36 words per insertion .

AS gardener (or gardener and florist) ; Scotchman, age 45 ;
25 years' experience here, 8 in Europe, father profes-
sional gardener. Made rose growing pay flrst-rate. Had
charge of establishments including farm, grapes, vegetables
and orchids. Open for engagement any time for 3 months.
At present growing roses on shares. Address, Practical
Gardener, care of R. & J. Farquhar, Seedsmen, 19 Market
Street, Boston, Mass.

r. E. UcALLISIEK, Seed and Bulb Uant.

22 DEY STREET, NEW YORK.

OFFERS NEW SEEDS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Centanrea Candidissima, Packet 10 ; 1000 seeds .60

.75
L.OO
.25; oz. 2.50
.10; oz. 1.50
.10; oz. .75

.10 ; oz. 1.00

.10; oz. 1.00

.05; oz. .20

.25 ; oz. 5.05
.25; oz. 2.50
.25; oz. 2.00
.10; oz. 3.00
.10; oz. 2.50
.10; oz. .75

.10; oz. .75

.10; oz. .65

Gymnocarpa, " lO;^

Petunia, Blotched and Striped, Packet, .10; oz.

Dwarf compact.
Reseda, White Upright,
" Machet,
" Brind. Mammoth,
Cobcea scandens.
Calendula Meteor,
Phlox'nana compacta.
Aster, Perfection, separate colors,

" '• Mixed,

Pansies, German Poetical, separate,

" " " .Mixed,

Vinca, 3 sorts, separate, each.
Balsams, Camellia, separate, each,
Mixed,

For others see our Wholesale Seed List ready February Ist.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation
with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names
of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both
Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number
of the most Valuable Exotic Species. Copiously Illustrated.
299 pages, fine cloth. Price 81.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

MAY KING, Best STRAWBERRY.

EARLY CLUSTER, BEST BLACKBERRY.

ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

Comet and other Pear Trees, &c.
JOHN S. COLLINS,

MOORESTOWN, N. J.

Farm Implements and Machinery

AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE.

with explanations ot the laws ol motion and orce as applied on the
farm, with over 300 illustrations by John J. Thomas; new and
revised edition, 312 pages, 12 mo, cloth, price$i.5o; mailed postage
free on rectipt ot price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

lip.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D.,

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will

be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lbland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price $1.50; mailed, post-paldon re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns
and Cemeteries. By bUias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth.
Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for S2.00. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

GAGTAGE0U8 PLANTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. U. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BEFORE BUYING GLASS. -

ESTIMATES

M
B

GLASS — — GLASS

FOR

Greenhouses, Conservatories, Graperies,

Hot-houses, Hot-beds and all other

purposes, at Lowest Rates.

IsT. CO'V^EiT <Sc SOItT

207 CANAL ST., NEW YORK.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

MY WHOLESALER) DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES FOR 1887

Of Bedding Plants, Roses, Palms, Orchids, &c., mailed to all applicants.

T A lOf^T? OT'/^/^TT "f the following on band at CHEAP
Jj./XXS«\7X4 OXCItL/J^ KATES: AMPELOPSISVEITCHII

LARGE STOCK

—various sizes; TEAo iind Ii\l5KlU ROSES— all the lending sorts; Named CHKYSANTHEMU.viS, DKAU^NA
INDIVISA— varions sizes; EUHKVERIAS, SMALL FERNS, GERANIUMS- Double and Single— best named sorts.
ARECA LUTESCENS, LATANIA BORBONICA, SEAFORTHEA ELEGANS, OREODOXA REGIA-in 2}^, 4, 5 and
6-in. pots. CORYPHEA AUSTRALIS. Other PALMS, such as COCOS WEDELLTANA, UHAM.EROPS EXcfeLSA,
PHGENIX RECLINATA, PHCENIX RUPRICOLA, PHCENIX TENNLS. KENTIAS of various sorts. Fancy named
CLEMATIS and other VINES, »&c. Prices triven im application.

ap4

WM. C. WILSON, Stienways, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

You Will Not Find

in my catalogue
"store" seed, ven-
erable with years,
and greater travellers than Stanley ; seed saved from the odds
and ends of various crops; seed raised from unsalable
onions, headless cabbages, sprangling carrots, or refuse
beets. {I am ahvays happy io show tny seed stock.) But
if you want Northern seed, honestly raised, home
grown (not more than two other catalogues contain as
many), seed warranted (see the cover), valuable novelties, some
of which are to be found in no other, send for my vegetable and
flow er-seed catalogue for 1887, FREE to all. It contains 60 varie-
ties of Beans, 43 of Pea s, 41 of Cabbages, 53 of Melons, 44 of
Corn, etc., etc., besides a large and choice variety of flower seed.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass.

P

Per 100

Pure White and Hardy. . . .$8.00

VERBENAS, Mammoth Strain 2.00

>^ ^" I PANSIES.Giant 3.00

^ " ' _ J DAISIES, New Quilled, Red

^ „ _ ^ and White 3.00

^/ X" " ^ GERANIUM, Mad.Salleroi.... 2.00

^' "^ "^ " Zonale 4.00

" Ivy leaved 6.00

PENTSTEMONS, Fine, Named. 6.00

PETUNIAS, Best Double 4.00

AGERATUM.Snow Flake 6.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 6.00

TEA ROSES »4.00to 6.00

NOVELTIES IN

Roses, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Begonias, Car-
nations, &c., in Fine Stock.

E. HIPPARD, Youngstown, Ohio.

Write for Trade Circular. ftf

1838— POMONA NURSERIES— 1887

A Superb Stock of Lawson, best Early Mar-
ket Pear. Kleffer, best Late Market Pear. Le
!^ Conte and other Pear Trees. Wilson, Jr., Lar-
" ' i;est known Blackberry ; 163 bush, per acre— 4>^
sinihes around. Erie, the Largest very hardy
Blackberry. Marlboro and Golden Queen Rasp-
berries. Parry and Lida. best Market Straw-
berries. Niagara, Empire State and other Grapes
in large supply. All the worthy old, and prom-
ising new fruits. Catalogue Free.

mh3 WM. PARRY, Parry, N.''J.

50 Varieties of Evergreens and Forest Trees i
*i5f Tree Seeds. I will not be undei sold. Special
prices on large tree? by the carlotid. Lists free.

GEO. FINJSli;!', Everareeu. Wis. U

SOMETHING NEW
IN PLANTS! ?Sr«o^n^^?;,i7T

I will send, free by mail, 12 PHLOX DRUMMONDII
GRANDIFLORA, 12 CHINA ASTERS, 12 DOUBLE
CHINA PINKS, 12 DOUBLE GILLARDIAS, 6 PETU-
NIAS and 6 VERBENAS-all Transplanted Plants, raised
from Choicest Strains of Seeds. Order at once, and will
send at proper time for planting in your locality. Prices
per 100 on application.

ALBERT M. H£RR,

Lock Box 338.

Lancaster, Pa.

THE CHAUTAUQUA

Gorn&Seed Planter.

A ONE-HAND

AUTOMATIC MACHINE.

( April 4, 1882.
rat. I j,^.|,^ 24, 1885.

1\M All of Metal, Lig-ht, Strong-,
Well Constructed and
Eleg-antly Painted.

Plants Corn (and pumpkin
seeds), Beans, etc.

WORKS WELL IN SODDY, LUMPV
AND STONY GROl'ND,

Highly recommended by Farmers

and Dealers in all sections.

The time saved in one tiay's

use will pay for it.

PRICE, - - $2.75.

Liberal discount to agents

and the trade.

Canvassers easily make $10.00 per

day in the planting season.

Send for circiilar,
and extra induce-
ment'! to agents and
tan%a'-scr8.

Mention this pa-
]3er, and address,

ThBChautauqaapiantBrCofflpanj

JAMESXO'WI^, N. Y.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inproyed lot Water toilers

FOFt KSATZNG

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXXSinrEISS DIRSCT-Oflir.

a. S. ANDERSON, Fruits, Flowers, Small I THOMAS MEEHAN,

Fruits, Union Springs, N. Y. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'

Send for conditions of insertion under this heiiding.'iSd
Phil.

H. L.WHEATLEY.Trees-Fruit & Or

tal. Shrubs, Figs, &c., Altamonte, Fla. auu

100,000

VERBENAS.

The choicest old and new varieties at S2.50 per 100;
«ao.OO per 1000. NO RUST OR MILDEW. Packed light
and satisfaction guaranteed.

tmyl2

J. L. DILLON, Bloomsburg. Pa.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. n CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Scheol Street, near Parker House,)

jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

JOHN S. BXTSXI,

NURSERYMAN.
Tremont, Nexir York City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PI-ANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS, PALMS and
FERNS, taul2

CHARLES J. POWER,

FLORIST

SOUTH FRAMINGHAM, MASS.

Bedding and Miscellaneous Plants.
Tloxirers and Floral Decorations.

ap2 FURNISHED AND ARRANGED TO ORDER.

TUBEROSE BULBS.

PEARIi, 1st size, per 100«2.00; per 1000 S17.00

2d size, Blooming, per 100 S1.50 ; per 1000 10.00

DOUBLE, 1st size, per 100 $2.00; per iOOO 17.0O

" 2d size, Blooming, per 100 «1.50 ; f! 1000 10.00

SNGI^S <Sc BFTO.,

f4 Nurserymen and Florists,

EstablishediaSS. MARIETTA. PA.

Greenhouse Heating

PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE.

Icfc' Botes, PlBB, Ms, &c.

ESTIMATES AND CATALOGUES.

FREDERIC O NEILL,

41 N. 7th St., and 2116 Race St., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America tor John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high (luality of this firm's productions. We carry a large
stock m our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every fine suburban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

ni2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

The West Imerican Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
California. Eminent Scientists of the United States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

J^~ Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

CARNATION ^^i^:^. 'S

tains the sum of informaiioii ^iTTT HI B I W % ^H
on this plant. Contents Free. V/UXjX U XwXi
Price, 81.50, post-paid. mhlO

L.ORA L. LAMBORN. Box 592, Alliance. Ohio.

bpdorens gigantea rosea ■

Each 35c. ; per

$2.50; per

00 $15.00 ; by

mail 3 for $1.00 and a general stock of the best new
and old varieties. Send for trade list. Address,

C. H. MURPHEY,

Urbana, Ohio.

London Gardeners' Chronicle.

Will be furnished. n<>st-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S.for
ireduced rate of S4.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. ti. MAROT, Agent. 81* Chestnut St..PhiU.

Orders received early will be filled at »18 per 100 lbs.'

less quantitv, 30c. per lb.
BASS BARK, «13 per 100 lbs. ; less quantity, 15c. per lb.
NURSERYMEN'S REQUISITES— Labels plain or printed.
Label Wire, Label Pencils, Ac, &c. TOOLS.-Steel Spades,
Box Clamps. Knives, Dibbles, &c., &c. DEWEY'S COL-
ORED PLATE BOOKS. -Prices reduced. Send for new-
catalogue. Seed, Peach Pits, Ac. niy2
D. M. DEWEY, Colored Fruit Plates, Rochester, jrjT.

ART or PR®P^@ikTI®KI.

A Hand-book for Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners and
Everybody. 32 pages octavo, paper, illustrated with 30 cuts,
NEW EDITION. Price, 30 cents ; mailed, postage free, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Fhila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

POCKET MAGNIFIERS.

No. 3014. Price, 80 cents.
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.

No. 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape, %\rx. diam. .

3011 1

3012 1

3012K-1

3013 1

3013K— 1

3014 2

3014K-2

3015 2

3015^-2

3016 1

3017 1

3019 2

3020 2

3022 3

'(see cut)'

-2
3024}^— 3

' diaphragm case %&%"■

3025 Hard rubber case, 1 lens, %in. diam., of high

power at one end, and 1 lens, %in. diam., of

medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

APPLETON'S

Aiericai Cyclopiia.

New Revised Edition 16 vols. Large Octavo Volumes, e?ch

volume containing over 8oo pages fully illustiated with several
thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho*

Sraphic Maps, the whole costing the publishers a sura exceedinq
500,000, exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the i6 vols., for 8 8o oc

Library leather, " " 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for 117 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 12800

FuIlRussia, " ■' 16000

FullMorocco, antique gilt edges 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.
Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of price. Addre s,

CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St.

Meffick'sStawberrfCulturist

(OUT OF PRINT.)

A few more copies left at 50 cents. Mailed, post paid on
receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

OF NORTH AMERICA
VOL. I.
FOK FARMERS & ®i:W©EElTS,
BY PROF. W. J. BEAL.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
Selection, Improving, Cultivation, Management of Grass
Lands ; also, chapters on Clovers, Injurious Insects and
Fungi. 457 pages, 8vo, illustrated, cloih. Mailed, post-
paid, for $2.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

JISfA. FEW COPIES LEPr-«a

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Treatise on their Construction, Heating and Ven-
tilation. Including Conservatories, Greenhouses, drap-
eries, and other kinds of Horticultural Stimc-
tures ; with Practical Directions for
their matiagt-ment in regard
to Light, Heat and Air.

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
cloth.

THIS BOOK IS OUT OF PRINT and will not be RE-
PRINTED. WE HAVE SECURED THE LAST FEW-
COPIES THAT CAN BE HAD AT ALL. Price, »1.50;
by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Peing outlines of the Structure, Physiology and Classification of
Plants : with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
^v., half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post-
j.iiJ on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street. Philadelr' "

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautiful full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price, Jz. 50. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

&1J. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

HINTS FOR PAINTERS,

Decorators and Paper-Hangers.

being a selection of useful rules, data, memoranda, methods
and suggestions of house, ship and furniture painting, paper-
hanging, gilding, color mixing, and other matters useful and
instructive to painters and decorators. Prepared with
special reference to the wants of Amateurs,

BY AN OLD HAND.
60 pages paper, mailed post paid for 25c. on receipt of price.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

AND GOT BDILUINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket,
Z57 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, $1.50.. Mailec',
post paid on receipt of price. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.

INJURIOUS INSECTS

OF THE

FARM and GARDEN.

By MARY TREAT.

Fully Illui-tr-ited. 288 pages. 12mo, cloth.
Price, 82.00 by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTlbER.

13

One of the Fullest, Freshest, and Most Valuable Hand-
books of the Age. Indispensable to Every
Practical Man. Just Ready.

The Techno-Chemical Receipt Book

Containing several tbousand Receipts covering the Latest,
Most Important, and Most Useful Discoveries in Chemical
Technology, and their Practical Application in the Arts and
the Industries. Edited chiefly from the German of Drs.
Winckler, Eisner, Heintze. Mierzinski. Jacobsen, KoUer,
and Heinzerling, with additions by William T. Brannt,
Graduate of the Royal Agricultural College of Eldena,
Prussia, and William H. Wahl, Pli.D. (Held.) Secretary of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; author of "Galvano-
plastic Manipulations." Illustrated by 78 engravings. One
volume, over 500 pages, 12mo, elegantly bound in scarlet
cloth, gilt, closely printed, containing an immense amount
and a'great variety of matter. Price, fS.OO, free of pontage
to any address in the world.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

TOPICS

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture. — Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter. — Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.—Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion Grow-
ing.— How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower. — On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
— Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.-D raining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
81.50 ; by mail, post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETKR HENDEESON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and 'Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Sl.50. Sent by
mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Addrpss CHAS. H. MAEOT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

BY JAMES HOGG.
A complete guide to the cultivation of Vegetables, containing
thorough instructions for Sowing, Planting and Cultivating all kinds
of Vegetables ; with plain directions for preparing, manuring and
tilling the soil to suit each plant; including also a summary of the
work to be done in a vegetable garden during each month of the
year. 137 pages, i6mo, cloth. Illustrated. Price 50 cents; sent
by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 ChestnutSt., Phila

The ORCHARD HOUSE

OR THE

Cultivation of Fruit Trees Under Glass.

Edited and arranged by T. Francis Rivers, 266 pages, 12mo,
•cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid, for $2.00. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ON

APPLE CULTURE.

BY L. H. BAHjEY, jr.

90 pages. 12mo cloth. Illustrated.

Mailed postpaid on receipt of 75 cents.

CHiVS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

BARRY'S

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATE BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. .516, fine cloth. Price, $2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

T^ -^ ,^ ^i .-«. "1 .-^ c;^TS OF Illustrations
t^ MmT* ^^>i 1^ in Oct. number, as follows :
■^ ^^^ ^i^^AAVi^ Ridgeview, page 290. .85.00

Bertrand Grape, p. 305. $5.00

Also in November number, as follows :
Residence of N. P. Baily, pages, 322 and 321, two cuts. .86 00

Mangrove Forest, page 343 3 00

Residence of Wm. Barton, page 354, Dec. No 10 00

" " Rol'ert Colgate, page 3, Jan. No 12 00

" " J. M. Tilford, pp. a5 and 36, Feb. No 12 00

" " L. v. Stone, pp. 65 and 67, March No 12 00

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUadelphia.

PE:.A.CX2 CXJI-TXJPiE-

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLUOX.
Comprising the experiences of many of the largest growers
in the country; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward olf and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 cents
by mail, postpaid. Address :

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

AND

-wine: IblAKIM-CS-.

By Gborgb Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University of

Missouri .with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, siyinf

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street. PhUadelphia.

AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibbeed.

A handy guide to the construction and managementof plant
houses and the selection, cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price 83.00. Sent by mall postpaid on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 8J4 Chestnut St., Phila.

AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shielet Hibbeed.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in the openground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses ; the preparation of the flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties ; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season of the year. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages cloth, 12bio.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT ,814 ChestnutSt., Phll».

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HAIBOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants.
As a book of reference it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminous European
werks of this kind. Has been written with special Tiew to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
matters of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work embraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders ot all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture. A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement of book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or cona>
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail, postage paid,
on receiptof price, 83.00. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

y By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."
Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. ioi6 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
fB.CHi. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

8i* Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETER HENDERSOK.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

NEW AND GREATLY ENLARGED EDITION and
Dlustrated with numerous new engravings. 376 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Price, S2.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St^, Phila.

ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tie BEST METHODS EIPLOTED il EWJLAni lU FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES ANB WM. BOBENSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
edition. 84 pages. 50 cents by mail on receipt of price.

Address, ^HAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division a. — Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

lUiutrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
type. Price, ST 00, mailed post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Philad'a

CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
Paper, 32 pages, 12mo. Illustrated. Price, 40 cts. ; by mail,
post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE PEACH;

Its Cnltiire M Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and ail Districts

affected by the •• Xellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, SI. 00. Paper, 60 cents.

Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BY JAMES VEITCH.

Mnbracing: Part I.—Oeneral Review of the Order.

Part 11.— Synopsis 0/ Oenera, Species and Varieties.

Part III.— The Planting of Coniferce,

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners*
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tiflc, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest •
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
tions. 340 pp., 8vo, neatly bound in cloth. Price, $3.00»
mailed, postage free. Address,
CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent for U.S., 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price, 81.25. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848, inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, Vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. 1 to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in }4 calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
numerous full page and triple folded page. Colored and
plain plates of plants and fruits. Magnificeut typography.
Invaluable and VERY RARE. Secure them ! Price, $75.00.
If possible call and see them. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. "Williams, F. R. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
ment. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Price
$5.00. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St . PhliC

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

[or \.\ic Amateur sxid Professional Florist. Illustrated. 311 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, ^1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

014 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FIR TREE OIL

Hughes' Soluble, tlie well-known Insecticide
Prices are Reduced to :

The gallon,
For Cash with order, less 10%,

$3.25
.30

The quart,

$1.00
.10

Net Cash, $2.95

Net Cash, .90 J

Other size packages
are discontinued.

YIRGIN-SXJLPHXJR The Best Remedy for Mildew

Buy it by the bag and save money ; Florists of prominence endorse it.

Original bags of 100 kilo (about 220 lbs.) sold at $12.00 per bag.

50 kilo ( " 110 " ) " " 6.50
25 lbs. sold at $2 ; 10 lbs. sold at $1 ; Single lbs. sold at 15 cents.

BOUGHT ON COMMISSION.

Such as Immortelles, Cape
Flowers, Baskets, Papers, Foil,
Wire Goods, Doves, Etc., Etc.

SPRING-PLANTS

Send for our Special Circular containing many offers.

FLORISTS' SUPPLIES

Send for Illustrated Spring Supplement to our Fall Wholesale Price List.

Address :

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.

DSSIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This is a collection of over
one hundred dra-svings for
Ornamental FlOTver Beds
■with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs ■who ■wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has heen
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

apH

$50 REWARD

will be paid for aDV Grain Fon of
same size that can clean and bag as
much Grain or Seed in one day as
our Patent MONARCH Grain
and Seed Separator and Bag-
eer or our Improred Ware-
house Mill which we offer cheap.
Price I.iBt miiiled tree.
NEWARK MACHINE CO.,
OolumbuH. Ohio. C7"Ea»tern
Branch House, llagentown, Hd.

London Gardeners' Chronicle.

Will be furnishea. post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U.S. for
reduced rate of 84.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. H. MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St..Ph la.

THE CHAUTAUQUA

Gorn&Seed Planter,

-"■i^^rvi:!;

A ONE-HAND

AUTOMATIC MACHINE.

1882.
1885.

All of Metal, Lig'ht, Strong-,.

Well Constructed and

Elegantly Painted.

Plants Corn (and pumpkin

jllljlll seeds), Beans, etc.

WORKS WELL IN SODDY, LUMPY
AND STONY GROL'ND.

Highly recomiiiended by Farmers

and Dealers in all sections.

Tlie tune p.aved in one d.ay's

use will pay for it.

PRICE,

$2.75.

Liberal discount to agents

and tlie trade.

Canvassers easily make $10.00 per

day in the planting season.

Send for circular,
lud extra induce-
iieutsto agents and
■anvassers.
^ Mention this pa-
per, and address,

TheChautanqaapiantei'doffipanil

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NARCISSUS 4 DAFFODILS

■^ I I ^^ |\A /\ ^^ ^^ % A/ Ak ^^ IT ^^^ pleasure in drawing the attention
I r1 \^ IVI^\^^ ^^B W/^ll t> of the American public to his very
EXTENSIVE and MOST COMPLETE COLLECTION of these, which covers an EXTENSIVE
ACREAGE — for sale this season — including all the popular FORCING and DECORATIVE
varieties, as well as the choice MODERN HYBRIDS. PRICED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
of these, and many other choice PLANTS and BULBS, will be mailed free upon application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

Hale Farm Nurseries, ije^i Tottenham, London, England.

MY WHOLESALED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES FOR 1887

Of Bedding Plants, Boses, Palms, Orchids, &c., mailed to all applicants.

T A'^/^X' CT'/^/^Xr of the following on hand at CHEAP 7- AT>/2.X' GT'Or^TT
\uAjSi\Xjtd OXUOXi. RATES: AMPELOPSI8VE1TCHII AjJBLXL\J[XA oXUl^Xk

—various sizes; TEA« and HYBRID ROSES— all the leading sorts; Named CllKVSAM'HEMUMS, DKAC^NA
INDI VIS A— various sizes; ECHEVERIAS, SMALL FERNS, GERANIUMS— Double and Single— best named sorts.
ARECA LUTESCENS, LATANIA BORBONICA, SEAFORTHEA ELEGANS, OREODOXA REGIA-in 2M, 4. 5 and
6-in. pots. CORYPHEA AUSTRALIS. Other PALMS, such as COCOS WEDELLIANA, CHAM^ROPS EXCELSA,
PHCENIX RECLINATA, PHCENIX RUPRIGOLA, PHCENIX TENNIS. KENTIAS of various sorts. Faucy.named
CLEMATIS and other VINES, «fec. Prices given on application.

,p4 WM. C. WILSON, Stienways, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

^.— PILOCEREUS SENILIS,

H ^mk (OLD MAN CACTUS.)

gi m^ Extra fine plants $1.00 to $10.00 each.

'^ J Echinocactus Grussoni,

^i/f' ^ wI^hI Pronounced by the highest authorities to be THE

/( iW^''^^ FINEST CACTUS KNOWN, entirely new. We

''^^ 1 W''''' i^y liit^iffl control the stock of this variety. Price, $5.00 to

'''i^i'lmWOTfMI $25.00 for well-established plants. 300 other

.LwMJJiiT/M^B^ cheap varieties. Send for Catalogue to

A. BLANC & CO., >P5

m .igmms^mm 314 N. Eleventh Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
NO. 236 PSAFtl. SXFtSST,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

M. , ^, .^xM^ *^*,^ REPRESENTS m THE UNITED STATES: ^

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, ..... Carlisle, England.

O. G. VAN TUBERGBN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, HoUand.

LiBVAVASSEUR & FILS, NurserjTiien and Florists, Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EB1RE, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OlUoules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Cataloeues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

ITentilating iLpparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLBEOKER STREET,

Three sizes. Patented, 1873. M CTlAf V/\CIW

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler. "T (^ '\K7' "P"C?,Tf "^ U |CJ

Fiveslzes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. -I— JV«-/ VV "^^ -*-^-*-^»-^ F* IKT?

IMPROVED

h' ^ Rash-raising Apparatus.

Lifting-Rods for Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Osta-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 loguo, with RoferencBS and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER

ROSXSS A SPKCIAI^Tir

Jo ogo

5? o&o

FOE NEARLY TWENTY YEARS OUR BUSINESS HAS BEEN GROWING AND DISTRIBUTING ROSES.
We offer the Largest and Most Complete Assortment in this Country. STRONG, WELL-MATURED
PLANTS, in Large and Small Sizes, Suitable for ROSE GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES, FORCING HOUSES,
&o. All the Popular Sorts in Large Supply— AMERICAN BEAUTY, BENNETT, THE BRIDE, HER MAJESTY,
PERLE DES JARDINS, PIERRE GUILLOT, PAPA GONTIER, C. MERMET, SOUV. D'UN AMIE, BON SILENE,
LA FRANCE, GEN'L JACQ., and over 400 other Varieties, COMPRISING THE CHOICEST NEW AND OLD
STANDARD SORTS for GENERAL PLANTING ; all at very Reasonable Prices. Also, HYDRANGEA GRANDI-
FLORA, VIBURNUM PLICATUM, JAPAN JUDAS, NEW DEUTZIAS, NEW WEIGELAS, and a Full Line of
the Finest HARDY SHRUBBERY and CLIMBING VINES, including AMPELOPSIS, AKEBIAS, EUROPEAN
and EVERGREEN SWEET-SCENTED HONEYSUCKLES, WISTARIAS, &c. — all in STRONG, OPEN-GROUND
PLANTS. Catalogues on application. Address,

tf6 THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Pa.

LARGEST DAHLIA

IN CULTIVATION

a

J J My New Price List of Single
and Double Dahlias, &c., has

just appeared, with beautiful
illustrations. Sent post-paid on application. Special culti-
vator of Novelties in Dahlias — high and low stemmed,
Roses. 80 different premiums and medallions received.

J. SIECKMANN,

my. Kostritz, Germany.

Ttie West Smericao Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
California. Eminent Scientists of the United States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

It^" Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

Meehan's Nurseries, Germantown, Phila.

As the season for planting will be nearly over by the time this advertisement reaches the reader, we can only
thank the public for the responses made to our efforts to extend a knowledge of the many beautiful trees and shrubs
that exist almost unknown in first-class nurseries. Those who have not yet been fully awakened to the pleasure which
vailety gives, should take the opportunity during the growing season to see plants of the following on the grounds of
their friends, all of which we hope to be able to offer in good plants direc " " " ' '

the coming fall :

directly to customers or in large quantities to dealers

JAPAN SNOWBALL.

JAPAN SNOWBALL
(See Cut).

BLOOD-LEAVED JAPAN
MAPLE (See Cut).

JAPAN JUDAS.

FUCHSIA WEIGELA
(W. floribunda).

GRAY CEDAR (Retlnos-
pora squarrosa).

JAPAN YEW (Cephalo-
taxus).

SORREL TREE (Andro-
meda arborea).

MAGNOLIAS of all kinds.

WHITE FRINGE.

KADSURA (Cercldi-
phyllum).

HOVENIA DULCIS.
HYDRANGEARADICANS
" PANICULATA.
WEEPING DOGWOOD,

and many other inter-
estingthings,for which
see our catalogues.
Our illustrated cata-
logue can be had for
six cents in stamps.

BLOOD-LEAVED JAPAN MAPLE.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE' BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, GraperieSf Conservatories , Propagating Mouses, FoT'

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA.VID SIMEITIX,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmed loi Water Boilers

FOR IZEZAT-ING

Greeilonses, Wmm Coimatorles, PropEstii Mm, k.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXTSINSSS DIfiSCTOFtY.

•Send for conditions of insertion underthis heading.'^JJ

H. S. ANDERSON, Fruits, Flowers, Small I THOMAS MEEHAN,

Fruits, Union Springs, N. Y. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil. | tal. Shrubs, Figs, &c., Altamonte, Fla. auia

I H.L.WHEATLEY.Trces— Fruit aOrnamen-

100,000

The choicest old and new varieties at !S3.50 per 100;
S20.00 per 1000. NO BUST OR MILDEW. Packed light
and satisfaction guaranteed.

tmyl2

J. L. DILLON, Bloomsburg, Pa.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)

jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

FOR. RENT

A FLORIST'S PLACE, including Dwelling, 7 Greenhouses,
Office and Salesroom, covering 10,000 ft. in heart of city of
15,000. Natural Gas for fuel, requiring no labor in firing.
Established 10 years and trade growing. Will lease, including
stock and fixtures, for 5 years at very low rental to right party.
Security required for rent. Possession July 1st. Address,
FLORIST, Box 613 SteubenTille, Ohio.

INTilA. RA.FFI.A.

Orders received early will be filled at S18 per 100 lbs.;

less quantity, 20c. per lb.
BASS BARK, S12 per 100 lbs. ; less quantity, 15c. per lb.
NURSERYMEN'S REQDISITES-Labels plain or printed,
Label Wire, Label Pencils, &c., &c. TOOLS.— Steel Spades,
Box Clamps, Knives, Dibblf.s, &c., <&c. I>EWEY'S COL-
ORED PLATE BOOKS. -Prices reduced. Send for new
catalogue. Seed, Peach Pits, &c. my2

D. M. DEWEY, Colored Fruit Plates, Rochester, N. Y.

9

Per 100

Pure White and Hardy $8.00

MA'tii/Q,^ ^ VERBENAS, Mammoth Strain 2.0O

"'%/^ PANSIES. Giant 3.00

;s\m 4^ J DAISIES, New Quilled, Red

^fe|#^^ and White 8.00

,>zai^#^ 13 GERANIUM, Mad. Salleroi.... 2.00

jK|ff^''?i^B " Zonale 4.00

^^" " Ivy leaved 6.00

PENTSTEMONS, Fine, Named. 6.00

PETUNIAS, Best Double 4.00

AGERATUM.Snow Flake 6.00

CHRYSANTHEMUMS 5.00

TEA ROSES S4.00to 6.00

NOVELTIES IN

Roses, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Begonias, Car-
nations, &.C., in Fine Stock.

E. HIPPARD, Yoiingstown,01iio.

Write for Trade Circular. ftf

CARNATION ^r^^:^iiA 'tzi

tains the sum of intormaiioii ^tVYlF f 11 W T '1 > T^
on this plant. Contents Free. V/U^X W Xw JIl
Price, 81.50, rost-paid. luhlO

LORA L. LAMBORN, Box 592, Alliance, Ohio.

JOHN S.

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, New York City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. NEW and RARE ORCHIDS, PALMS and
FERNS. taul2

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America for John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. We carry a large
stock in our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every fine suburban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

ni2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

^mma

A.. IBJ^ANC,

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SEEBSMI N AND NURSERIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
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p e: .A. C H~C XJ I- T XJr R E -

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.
Comprising the experiences of many of the largest growers
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GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the A.mateur in the

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AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

iatine:

AND

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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

Br Shirley Hibberd.

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AMATEUR'S ROSE BOOK.

By Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in theopenground
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The ORCHARD HOUSE

OR THE

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MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPBOVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.
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MUSHROOMS

Bor the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
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BY JOHN WRIGHT.

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AND OUT BUILDINGS.

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GRAPE CULTURISl.

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HAl-BOOK OF PLAITS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary of Plants.
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ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work emViraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders ot all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All Important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement ot book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants or
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GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

) By Gbo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
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GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

ne BEST METHODS EMPLOYED In EELAM ail FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeufs Essay on Asparagus,
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THE

ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED

TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
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CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
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THE PEACH;

Its Cnltire aM Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ebc-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

affected by the •• Sellows" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. Paper, 60 cents.

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mlfeiii

BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracing: Part I.—Oenm-al Review of the Order.

Part II.— Synopsis oj Genera, Species arid Varieties.

Part lU.—Tlie Planting of Coniferce.

This work has received the high euconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
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With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
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BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
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FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848. inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, vol. 1 to
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Bound in J< calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
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Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams, F. B. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 311 pages,
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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

OF NORTH AMERICA
VOL. I.
FOR F^RMB-R® & ST-WBBlil'-S.

BY PROF. W. J. BE\L.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
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THE NURSERY 1^ ORCHARD

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON

FRUIT CULTURE,

BY S. W. PEEK

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CHAS.

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4»-A FEW COPIES LEFr-=®a

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Treatise on their Construction, Heating and Ven-
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eries, and other kinds of Harticullural Struc-
tures; with Practical Directions for
their managftnent in regard
to Light, Heat and Air.

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
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Jo. Bapt. Ferrari! sinensis E. Societate Jesu
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Horsford's Plants of Java.

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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price UM. Sent
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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mG, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, Jl.OO; by mail,
post paid. Address,

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THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By "W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by takiup counsel
of Dr. Bea,l."— London Gardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it " — London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
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Looking at resul ts there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 7/te Botanical Gazette.

" It would be difficult to overestimate the difi'erence be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

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The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.RH.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together with

Blocks illustrative of types of the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly-Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Potting Terrestrial Orchids. Mode of Inducing
Hack Growths. Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Frame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, 86.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on thieir Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

byWM. PAUL.

02 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

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Amatenr'a Greenhouse, Hibberd 3 oO

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 3 00

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates. Heath 5 75

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bav Leaves, Hibberd '2 50

Breck's New Book of FloTvers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 325

British Fun^i, Cooke, colored plates 2 50

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 50

Carnation Culture, illustrated 1 50

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill'd 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 1 50

Chrysanthemum, The, Fish 25

Cooks British Fungi ] 50

Cook's Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Cottage Gardening, Hobday 50

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 1 75

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates 1 50

Fern Paradise, ill'd plain. J3; col. plates, 1.75; photos 5 00

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 375

Fernsin their Homes and Ours 1 50

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 150

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr. Nos., $2 ; bound vols. 2 75

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

Halliday's Camellia Culture 200

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 150

Heini-ich's Window Flower Garden 75

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1 .no

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 100

Orchids, by Lewis Castle 50

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 250

Orchids; the Royal Kamilv, Miner, tky, $30; cloth 15 00

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00

Paul's Book of Roses 50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 7 00

Paul's Roses in Pots 1 00

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose 150

Rand's Bulbs 250

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Rand's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture .3.50

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00

Robinson's English Hower Garden 600

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, 'Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 3 75

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl. 1 00

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50

Two-Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers 1 25

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Gaiden, paper 50c. el. 1 2f>

White's Gardening for the South 2 00

Wild Flowers, 2 vols.. Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Woith Notice 2 00

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50

■Williams,B.S.,Stove<>fcGreenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 5 00

Williams, B. S., select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50

"Window Gardening, Williams 1 50

■Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Your Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE,

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman.. 1 50

Apple Culturist, Todd 150

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated 75 i

Barry's Fruit Garden 2 5o '

Bassett's Cranberry Culture 30

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide 75

Downings Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 175

Du Breuils "Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 200

Elliott s Fruit Growers Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ; cl. 1 00

F'itz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist, 1 50

Flaggs European Vineyards 150

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson 3 75

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 1 50

Fuller's Small Fruifc Culture 1 50

F'uller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed £0

Fulton on Peach Culture 160

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 50

How to Raise B'ruit, Gregg 1 00

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 OO

My Vineyard at Lakeview l 26

Nursery and Orchard, Peik l 25

Orange Culture, Moore 1 00

Pardee on Strawberry Cultiire 76

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter. paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 50

Quinn's Pear Culture for Protit 100

Reemellns Wine-makers" Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Riveis' Orchard House 2 00

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 26

Strongs Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 200

White's Cranberry Culture 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Arcliitecture 160

Architects'& Builders' P k tComp'n, cl., 1.50; tuck 2 00

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery l 26

Barn Plans anrl Out-buildings l 60

Building Construction, Davidson i 00

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 100

Carpenter s and Joiner's Hand Book (Holly) 76

Coopers Rural Hours 2 00

Cottage Houses. Reed i 25

Downings Cottage Residences 3 00

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney s Barns, Out-buildings and Fences . 4 00

Homes for Home Kuilders, King i 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House l 50

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter s and Builders' Guide 150

Waring s Improvements and "Village Farms 75

Wheelers Homes for the People 250

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward s Graiieries and Hort. Buildings 1 00

"Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 OO

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made New l 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Pl.TUS, Solly 3 00

Canadian Foresters Illustrated Guide i 23

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

Elliott s Landscape Gardening, paper iJsl.OO; cloth. 1 .50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fullers Foiest Tree Culturist 100

Fullers Practical Forestry 150

Gordons Pinetum 600

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 00

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 2 50

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Hcautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Pinner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Co.iifeias, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1,50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.

Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00

Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.0u; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 OO

Insects Injurious to Fruits. Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 250

Packard s Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany " 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 1 75

Chapman's F'lora of Southern United States 4 0O

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisnel2 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, 111 d 5 00

Dragendortfs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 1 25

Gray's Lessons on Botany 100

Gray's Manual of Botany 8 25

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, In 1 vol 400

Grays Structural Botany 230

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK,

CHOICE SEEDS AND BULBS OF BEST QUALITY.

WITH ALL,

FLORISTS' REQUISITES,

Baskets, Papers, Moss, Immortelles, Wire Designs, &c.

ALL AT REASONABLE PRICES FOR BEST POSSIBLE QUALITY.

CATALOGUE OF EVERYTHING READY IN SEPTEMBER AND MAILED FREE.

n^^Supply estimates for import orders of Plants, Bulbs,
Garden Seeds, and other Trade items. Custom house
entries and reforwarding attended to with due dispatch.

JAMES W. QUEEN & CO.,

MANUFACTURING OPTICIANS,
Scientific Apparatus of all kinds.

924 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.

ACME MICROSCOPES,

PLANT PEESSES,

BOTANICAL COLLECTING CASES,

MAGNIFYING GLASSES, ETC.

*- +

49*'Send for complete catalogue of Microscopes (simple and compound), Accessories, Objects, etc., 104 pag
'fiS'Send for sample copy of the " IHIcroscopical Bulletin," a bi-monthly journal, newsy and practical. 25c,
4^Send for abridged general catalogue, containing the list of our fifteen complete catalogues.

ages

per year.
J13

DESIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This Is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flower Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— New England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.
London Gardeners' Clironicle.

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in the U. S.for
reduced rate of «4.30 per year. Apply to

CHAS. ti. MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St..Phila.

The West Imerican Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
CaHfornia. Eminent Scientists of the United States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

It^" Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

VILLA GARDENING

A HAND-BOOK FOR AMATEURS AND
PRACTICAL GARDENERS.

BY EDWARD HOBDAY,
Author of "Cottage Gardening."

555 pages, 12mo, cloth. Mailed for $1.75, postage free-
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

NARCISSUS ^ DAFFODILS

nr" U ^^ l\/l J/\. €i^ ^m^ \A//\ ^^C* Has pleasure m drawing the attention
I li ^J I Vl/^^^ ^^n W/^ri L of the American public to his very
EXTENSIVE and MOST COMPLETE COLLECTION of these, which covers an EXTENSIVE
ACREAGE — for sale this season — including all the popular FORCING and DECORATIVE
varieties, as weU as the choice MODERN HYBRIDS. PRICED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
of these, and many other choice PLANTS and BULBS, will be mailed free upon application to

THOMAS S. WARE,

Hale Farm Nurseries, ue2i Tottenham, London, England.

MY WHOLESALE! DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES FOR 1887

Of Bedding Plants, Roses, Palms, Orchids, &c., mailed to all applicants.

T A ^ ^ X* OT«/^ /^TT of «ie following: on hand at CHEAP X A lO /^ X' CI^/^/^XT
ljA,jti\jrXj (^1.\J%^J\. RATES: AMPELOPSISVEITCHII J^^XCiUrXi SlXUI^xk

—various sizes; TEA« and HYBKID ROSES— all the leading sorts; Named CHHYSAISTHEMUMS, DRAC^NA
INDIVISA— various sizes; ECHEVERIAS, SMALL FERNS. GERANIUMS— Double and Single— best named sorts.
ARECA LUTESCENS, LATANIA BORBONICA, SEAFORTHEA ELEGANS, OREODOXA REGIA-in 2K, 4, 5 and
6-in. pots. CORYPHEA AUSTRALIS. Other PALMS, such as COCOS WEDELLIANA, CHAM^ROPS EXCELSA,
PHCENIX RECLINATA, PHGENIX RUPRl COLA, PHCENIX TENNIS. KENTIAS of various sorts. Fancy named
CLEMATIS and other VINES, <fec. Prices given on application.

,p4 WM. C. WILSON, Stienways, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

7^-,..^«*« PILOGEREUS SENILIS,

^/ ^-^ (OLD MAN CACTUS.)

ffg;i\ ^m Extra fine plants, .... $1.00 to $10.00 each.

"^i J Echinocactus Crussoni,

|f "^^^1 Pronounced by the highest authorities to be THE

7 i\\\^^'^mM ^^N^®"^ CACTUS KNOWN, entirely new. We

^. 1, 1 M)^h9 control the stock of this variety. Price, $5.00 to

'^\t\tiil,lh 'ifji^iiAiw/X^m $25.00 for well-established plants. 300 other

fim£miMMm0fM(fAsB^ cheap varieties. Send for Catalogue to

i-^^^^m^^m A. BLANC & CO., .p.

""^""iBi!!. : wmimHI 314 N. Eleventh Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
P. O. Box 2956. New York City.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES : «* «. v*»,jr •

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, Carlisle, England.

C. G. VAN IIJBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, HoUand.

liEVAVASSEUR <fe FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

I.KNAULT HUET, NurserjTnan and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - . Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. tl3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

AND

Ventilating ilpparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBBCKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrngated Fire-box Boiler.

Fiveslres. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

I FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

' ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN OB£AT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

SASH-RAISING /APPARATUS,

Liftiog-Rods foi Sashes,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Cata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 loguo, wlth References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

STRAWBERRIES

POT
GROWN

"We will have our usual fine supply ready about July 15th.
Catalogue containing correct descriptions of the best Old
and New varieties with cultural directions, mailed free.

ELLWANCER & BARRY,
Mount Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

AGENTS

Wanted to sell general
nursery stock for one

of the oldest and best

known firms in the country, idonorable and steady em-
ployment, at good wages, for capable, energetic men. Ap-
ply at once. Address

Drawer 285, Rochester, N. Y.

The Syracuse Nurseries ofler for the Fall of 1SS7, a large and unusually choice stock of Standard Apples,
Standard, Half Standard and Dwarf Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries and Quinces. Also a full line of
other Nursery Stock, both Fruit and Ornamental, Shrubs and Roses. With an experience of nearly half a
century, soil especially adapted to the growth of trees, and growing only for the trade, we can offer special inducements
to Nurserymen and Dealers, and solicit their correspondence or a personal examination of our stock before making
contracts for Fall. ^I6j SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB. Syracuse, N. Y.

Meehan's Nurseries,

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA.

FROM AND AFTER JULY 1st these Nurseries will be conducted under the style of
THOMAS MEEHAN & SON— Thomas B. Meehan having an interest in the firm.
These Nurseries were founded in 1852, and commenced with the rental of three acres, which
were afterwards bought. Surrounding property was purchased from time to time, until fifty
acres were covered. Recently fifteen more acres, adjoining the others, have been purchased,
and the whole plot probably forms the Largest Nursery in the "World, that is situated IN THE
HEART OF A GREAT CITY, convenient of access for the examination of the stock or
other business.

Though Fruits and Flowers are largely grown, a special feature is made of Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, and Seedlings and Stocks, for Nurserymen and others. In consequence of
the very large quantity grown, and the almost endless variety cultivated, Cemeteries, Public
Parks, CoUpges, and similar institutions, as well as the owner of small gardens and yards, will
do well to send for Catalogue.

PROPAGATION OF PLANTS;

Giving the Principles which Govern the Development and
Growth of Plants; Botanical Affinities and Peculiar
Properties ; also Descriptions of the Process by
which Varieties and Species are Crossed or Hy-
bridized, and the Many Different Methods
by which Cultivated Plants may be
Propagated and Multiplied.
BY ANDREW S. FULLER.

Illustrated with numerous engravinjrs. 3-19 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Sent post-paid on receipt of Sl.,50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CACTACEOUS PLANTS

THEIR

HISTORY AND CULTURE.

By Lewis Castle, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
12 mo, cloth. 93 pages with numerous illustrations. Price,
50 cents ; by mail, prepaid.

CHAS. II. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY.

BY ANDREW S. KCLLEB.

1 A Treatise on the Propagation, Planting, and Cultivation

' with a Description, and the Botanical and Popular Names

1 of all the Indigenous Trees of the United States, both

A Treatise on Beautifying Homes, Rural Districts, Towns ] Evergreen and Deciduous, with Notes on a Large Number

and Cemeteries. By Elias A. Long. 381 pages, 12 mo, cloth, i of the most Valuable Exotic Si)ecies. Copiously Illustrated.

Illustrated. Sent by mail prepaid for 12.00. Address, i 299 pages, tine cloth. Price ?1.50 ; mailed, post paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhUa. I CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatof'ies, JProxyagating Houses, For-

cing JPits, Public and Private JBuif dings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DjftLVID

S6 BEVERlLY

mylS

STREET,

BOSTON, 1MC.A.SS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

luproTed lot Water Boilers

FOFt HEATINC-

Greenlioiises, Orapries, Consemtories, Propptii Houses, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 &48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dn

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXTSINSSS DIRSCXORir.

• Send for conditions of insertion under this heading.*^(l

P. J. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Ornamental I THOMAS MEEHAN, I H. L.WHEATLEY.Ti

Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta, Ga. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil. | tal, Shrubs, Figs, &c., Altamonte, Fla. aui

-Fruit & Ornamen-

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Scheol Street, near Parker House,)

jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

Greenhouse Heating

PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE.

HltclES' Boilers, Pipe, TaiiWc.

ESTIMATES AND CATALOGUES.

FREDERIC O'NEILL,

41 N. 7th St., and 2116 Kace St., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America lor John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this iirm's productions. We carry a large
stock in our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied. upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every line suburban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

nl2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

JOHN S.

NURSERYMAN,
Tremont, New York

City.

CHOICE SPECIMEN STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. NEW and KAKE ORCHIDS, PAI-MS and
FERNS. taul2

Cypress Sash Bars.

FACTS TO consider:

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grap«
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

Nicely printei
and i"llusrrat(^<

bound
(yOn-

CARNATION

tains the sum of intormaiiou ^NTTT TTTTTJ T*
on this plant. Contents Free. \J\J MUA, %J J^JEd
Price, 81.50, post-paid. luhlO

liORA L. LAMBORN, Box 592, Alliance, Ohio.

NOW READY

ELEMENTS OF BOTANY,

BY EDSON S. BASTIN, M.A.

Specially adapted to students of Botany. They will find
in it ripe scholarship, original thought, conscientious accu-
racy and vividness of style characteristic of one devoted to
this subject. The volume is divided into four departments
— 1. Organography; 2. Vegetable Histology ; 3. Vegetable
Physiology ; 4. Vegetable Taxonomy. Cloth, 300 pages
and nearly 500 illustrations. Mailed for 82.50, post-paid, on
receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

A Sash Bar made of our CLEAR YELLOW CYPRESS
Lumber will outlast any wooden bar made. Cypress won't
warp nor twist, holds paint, and is EXTREMELY DUR-
ABLE. Plain Bars, 1% X I'H inches, 3 cents per running
foot, f. o. b. cars. Also, clear stock worked to shape for
GUTTERS and RIDGES, SASH and TANKS, &c.

CYPRESS HAS COME TO STAY !

so place your orders early. Circulars and samples. Address,

LOCKLAND LUMBER CO.,

Lockland, Hamilton County, Ohio.

(Uentlon thia paper )

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FtORISTS,

Sl<EDSMINAM)NrRSER\MEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

$1000 REWARD

For any luaobme hulling ami
cleaning fit for market as muoU
Clover Seed in ONK
as the

VICTOR
DOUBLE
HULLER.

IIln<!trated circi
lar mailed free.
NEWARK
MACHIKE CO., Columbus, O. Ea. Br. llou

THE VICTOR

DAT.

, llagerstown, M(!,

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, with
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. WiD

be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Subtropical Garden;

Or, Beauty of Form in the Flower Garden.

By W. Robinson, F.L.S.
Beautifully illustrated. 241 pages, i2mo cloth. Price, J?. 75
Mailed, postage free, on receipt of Price
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

POCKET M/\GI\IIFIERS.^^^^v:m grape growing

By George HusMANN, Professor of Horticulture in University of
Missouri ,with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giTing

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, S1.50. Mailed po«t-paid
onreceipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

No, 3014. Price, 80 cents,
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.
No, 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape, %in. diam

3011 1

3012 1

3012>^— 1

3013 1

3013K— 1

3014 2

30143^—2

3015 2

3015>^-2
3016-i-l

3017 1

3019 2

3020 2

3022 3

;: r-

see cut)" %&1
" l&Vyi

" 13^&1M
bellows shape, f^

;: «* 'J

" diaphragm case % & K "

^' % to J^ " . . 1

3025 Hard rubber case, 1 lens, ^in. diam., of high

power at one end, and 1 lens, ^in. diam., of
medium power at other end l

3024 2

3024>^— 3

.30
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1.25
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1.00
1.25
1.50
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.50

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iiitleaiMieap!

A $1.50 BOOK FOR A DOLLAR.

inp I (IT Rand's Seventy-five Flowers. Only a few
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P E: JIl C X3 CXJIL.TXJR.E-

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.
Comprising the experiences of many of the largest growers
in the country ; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward oiT and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 cents
by mail, postpaid. Address :

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the Amateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greonhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden.

Illustrated. 250 Perps, r'nio, cloth. Price Sl.50. Sent by
Jnail post-paid on receipt of price.

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AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE

AND CONSERVATORY,

By Shirley Hibberd.

A handy guide to the construction and managemen t of plant
houses and the selection , cultivation and improvement of orna-
mental greenhouse and conservatory plants. Illustrated with
colored plates and wood engravings. 272 pages, cloth, 12mo.
Price $3.00. Sent by mail postpaid on receipt of price.

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mmuR's ROSE book.

By Shirley Hibberd.

Comprising the cultivation of the Rose in the open ground
and under glass; the formation of the Rosarium; the charac-
ters of Wild and Garden Roses; the preparation ofthe flowers
for exhibition ; the raising of new varieties ; and the work of
the Rose Garden in every season ol the year. Illustrated with
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The ORCHARD HOUSE

OR THE

Cultivation of Fruit Trees Under Glass.

Edited and arranged by T. Francis Rivers, 266 pages, 12mo,
cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid, for $2.00. Address,
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MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

\Vith numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, Tocents
lailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnat St., PUla.

MUSHROOMS

B or the MILLION, a Practical 1 realise on the cultivation
of the MOSl PROFIJABLE out-door crop known.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 centa, hj
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AND OUT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket,
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GRAPE CULTURISl.

By Andrew S. Fuller.

A treatise on the Cultivation of the Native Grape Illustrated.
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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

HAND-BOOK OF PLANTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary ofPlants.
As a book of reference it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and volumiuous European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the wants of the climate of the United States, both in
mattirs of propagation and culture. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have heen
given at length. Scope of work emhraces botanical name,
derivation, Linnaean and natural orders or all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
tiuae. All Important species and varieties with brief in-
structions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arrangement of book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added wliere important plants or
modes of culture can be referred to at once. Also compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical ternas, with
general horticultural terms and practices, of great value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fine
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail.postagepaid,
OB receiptof price, 83.no. Address

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GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

, By Geo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. 1026 pp., i2mo, cloth, fine print. Price,
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GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

NEW AND GREATLY ENLARGED EDITION and
Illustrated with numerous new engravings. 376 pages, 12mo,
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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

Tie BEST METHODS EMPLOYE!) In ENGLAND aM FBAKCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted

for its improvement. Illustrated with wood cuts. New
ditioi
Add

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ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division 1. — Embracing the History of the Rose, the formation
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practices
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division 2.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated in
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of various
Roses drawn to life, and with numerous engravings on wood.

Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsome
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CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.

Paper, 82 pages, 12mo. Illustrated. Price, 40 cts.: by mail,
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THE PEACH;

Its Culture afli Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

E3x-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society..

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Penusylvania and all Districts

afi'ected by the •• Sellows" and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. Paper, 60 cents.

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BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracing: Part I.— General Review of the Order.

Part ll.—SynopsU 0/ Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part IIl.—Tlie Planting of Coniferae.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
Monthly, as being trustworthy, practical, attractive, scien-
tific, and indispensable to those having an intelligent interest
in Coniferous trees. No Horticultural Library is complete
without it.

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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family C
of Roses, with

Character-
istics, etc., of the various groups of Roses, with accurate
descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
Pp. 293, 16mo, cloth. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
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FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848. inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. 1 to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in }^ calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
numerous full page and triple folded page, Colored and

filaln plates-of plants and fruits. Magnificent tvpography.
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Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams. F. R. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,'

for the Amateur and Professional Florist. Illustrated. 311 pages,
i2mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt of
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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

OF NORTH AMERICA
VOL. I.

BY PROF. W. J. BEA.L.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
Selection, Improving, Cultivation, Management of Grass
Lands; also, chapters on Clovers, Injurious Insects and
Fungi. 457 pages, 8vo, illustrated, cloth. Mailed, post-
paid, for 82.50. Address,

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THE NURSERY ^ORCHARD

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON

FRUIT CULTURE,

BY S. W. PEEK.

208 pages, 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid for
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4S-A FEW COPIES LEFr-®a

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Treatise on their Construction, Heating and Ven-
tilation. Including Conservatories, Greenhouses, Grap-
eries, and other kinds of Hiyrticullural Struc-
tures ; with Practical Directions for
their inanagement in regard
to Light, Heat and Air.

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
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THIS BOOK IS OUT OF PRINT and will not be RE-
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RARE ^ CURIOUS
«OLD WORKS>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrari! sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages. Quarto, 41 full page plates and
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Horsford's Plants Of Java.

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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation. Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price 81.50. Sent
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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D,

16mG, Cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, SI .00: by mail,
postpaid. Address,

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THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 2oc. Mailed, post-paid on receipt or
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal."— iondon Gardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it "—London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— Gwrdeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. "Retii.—l he Botanical Gazette.

" It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV; Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind.."— Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

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The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together with

Blocks illustrative of types of the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
tliis, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly- Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Pottinc Terrestrial Orchids, Mode of Inducing
Back Growths, Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Con.struction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids fur Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Ft arae Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, S6.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties ; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations ontheirCultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

by WM. PAUL.
92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, »1 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt ol price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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u

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

Alpine Flowers, Robin son ,

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd

Amateur's Greenhouse, Hibberd

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd

American Rose Culturist, paper

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'

Brambles and Bav Leaves, Hibberd

Breck's New Book of Flowers

British Sea Weeds, Gray

British Fun^i, Cooke, colored plates

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Carnation Culture, illustrated

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Chrysanthemum. The, Fish

Cook's British Fungi

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Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Hlustrated

Ellwanger on the Rose

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome

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Ferns, Britisli and Foreign (Smith)

Ferns in their Homes and Ours

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Field Flowers, Hibberd

Fish, D. T, on Bulbs

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.; Nos., $2; bound vols.

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Heiufich'8 Window Flower Garden

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Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home

Orchids, by Lewis Castle

Orchids of New England. Baldwin

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, |30; cloth

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long

Paul's Book of Roses

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Paul's Roses in Pots

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose

Band's Bulbs

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden

Rand's Garden Flowers

Rand's Orchid Culture

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them

Rand's Rhododendrons

Rand's Window Gardener

Robinson's English Flower Garden

School Garden, Schwab

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson ,

Talksabout Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl.

Thomson's Wayside W eeds

Two-Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl.

Villa Gardening

White's Gardening for the South

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates

Wild Flowers NVorth Notice

W ild Garden, Robinson

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers Manual, 6th Ed. . .
■Williams,B.S.,Stove&Greenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods

Window Gardening, Williams

Wood's Modern Window Gardening

Tour Plants, paper

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman..

Apple Cult urist, Todd

Bailey's A pple Culture, illustrated

Barry's Fruit Garden

Bassett's Cranberry Culture

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture

Du Breuils Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliott's Fruit Growers' Hand Book, papr, 60c. ; cl.

Fitz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flagg s European Vineyards

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines

Fuller's Grape Culturist

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed
Fulton on Peach Culture

4 50
300
3 00
3 00

30

5 75
3 75

2 50
175

3 25
2 50

50
150

4 00
150

25

1 50

2 50
50

175
125
100
15
150 I
500 I

3 75
150 :

30 00 i
150 I
2 00
2 75
200
2 00 i
150'
75
150
150
100
50
2 50

15 00
200
50]
700!
100

1 50

2 50
2 50
2.50
3.50

2 00
150
100
600

50 I
300
12 50

3 75 !
100
250
125
126
175!
2 00
500
2 00

4 50

6 50

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 50

flow to Raise Fruit, Gregg 1 00

Molir on the Grape Vine l 00

My Vinej'ard at Lakeview l 26

Nursery and Orchard. Peek l 25

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture &, Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Ctilture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 50

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prolit 100

Reemelln's Wme-makers' Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 1 00

Rivers' Orchard House 2 00

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 25

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

Whites Cranberry Culture 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F, Rural Architecture 150

Architects'& Builders' P k t Comp'n, cl., 1.50 ; tuck 2 00

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery l 26

Barn Plans and Out-buildings l 50

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book i 00

Carpenter s and Joiner s Hand Book (Holly) 75

Cooper's Rural Hours 2oO

Cottage Houses. Reed l 25

Downing's Cottage Residences 3 00

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 150

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 50

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Warings Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 250

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 1 00

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward's Graperies and Hort. Buildings 1 00

Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Wooletfs Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Pl.ins, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 1.50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordons Pinetum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 00

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 2 50

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, IlPd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Coniferse, Illustrated 3 00

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS, INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00 ; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders . 3 00

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 2 50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Rilej^'s Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Bears "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, 111 d 5 00

Diagendorffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 1 OO

Gray's Manual of Botany 225

Gray's Manual, Botany and Lessons, in I vol 4 00

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK,

CHOICE SEEDS AND BULBS OF BEST QUALITY.

WITH ALL

FLORISTS' REQUISITES,

Baskets, Papers, Moss, Immortelles, Wire Designs, &c.

ALL AT REASONABLE PRICES FOR BEST POSSIBLE QUALITY.

CATALOGUE OF EVERYTHING READY IN SEPTEMBER AND MAILED FREE.

i^^'Supply estimates for import orders of Plants, Bulbs,
Garden Seeds, and other Trade items. Custom house
entries and reforwarding attended to with due dispatch.

JAMES W. QUEEN & CO.,

MANUFACTURING OPTICIANS,

Scientific Apparatus of all kinds.

924 Chestnut St., Philadelpliia.

ACME MICKOSCOPES,

PLANT PRESSES,

BOTANICAL COLLECTING CASES,

MAGNIFYING GLASSES, ETC.

4^Send for Complete Catalogue Microscopes (simple and
compound), Accessories, Objects, ttc, 104 pages ; Sample
copy of the " Microscopical Bulletin," a bi-monthly journal,
newsy and practical. 2.5c. per year ; Abridged General Cata-
logue, with list of our 15 Complete Catalogues. jl3

The West lliiierican Scientist

This Journal, established 1884, begins a New Volume
as a 24-page Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular
Science. A prominent feature consists of Articles on the
Topography and Natural History of Upper and Lower
California. Eminent Scientists of the United .States are
Contributors. Price, $1.00 a year, 10 cents a copy.
Agents Wanted.

C. R. ORCUTT, Editor, San Diego, Cal.

t^" Send 25 cents for a 4 months' trial subscription.

DESIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This is a collection of over
one hundred draisrings for
Ornamental Flower Beds
■with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draiv-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs w^ho wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the test advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and otlier flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

UniAl Tn MAI/C Old furniture and the varnished
nUW lU lllMIXC wood-work in your bouse look like
new. Send 25 cents to The Bridgeport Wood Fiuishing
Co., New 3Iilford, Conn., for a bottle of Easton's Polish,
delivered Iree to any part of the United States.

4 THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

"r~"~~^PILOCEREUS SENILIS,

^ (OLD MAN CACTUS.)

\VK Extra fine plants, .... $1.00 to $10.00 each.

I I Echinocactus Crussoni,

n H\^ Pronounced by the highest authorities to be THE

,j^y ^\f^ FINEST CACTUS KNOWN, entirely new. We

'^li. '!^^^^ control the stock of this variety. Price, $5.00 to

iICmim// \l *V/''/*^lffi $25.00 for well-established plants. 300 other

ff!^i U'ti^ ikm^^Mi^^MM cheap varieties. Send for Catalogue to

A. BLANC & CO., .P5

™%lliiini 'ivimillmKtHm 314 N. Eleventh Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

IT is a conceded fact that there is no better place in the U. S.
for Nurserymen to sort up, Dealers to Pack, or Planters to
order, than at the Painesville Nurseries, the aim of
THE STORRS HARRISON CO. being to carry
a full line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Bulbs,
_ ^ Shrubs and Roses. Have a remarkably fine stock '
W^^^f^^^ °^ Standard and Dwarf Pears, Kilmarnock Wil-
K^Cwc'^iM lows and other Weeping Trees; also Grape Vines,
including all the Best New Sorts — Maoris Diarjiond,
^^f-^Sffi Empire State, AHagara, Jessica, Frances B. Hayes, etc.
Can supply car loads of elegant, large Nursery -grown
Elms, Catalpas, Maples, Poplars, Tulips, etc. The
handsomest lot of Pyramidal Arborvitae and Irish Juniper ever offered, and acres on
acres of other Evergreens. Prices reduced to suit the times. Come and see. Corres-
pondence solicited. Catalogue Free. 33d Year. 700 Acres. 24 Greenhouses

au2 ^^'^^ THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.. PAINESVILLE, LAKE CO. OHIO.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
NO. 236 PSAfll^ SXREZST,

P. O. Bos 2956. REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: ^^^ ^Ork City.

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen. Seedsmen and Florists, ..... Carlisle, England.

(J. Q. VAN TUBERGEJN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, HoUand.

LEV AV ASSEU R <fe FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, .- - Ussy, France,

LENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, -.....-. Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE. Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, -.--.- Nancy, France.
FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists.
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

Reliable tgents'stSHid m Business without Capital!

Writefor Particulars. MY AGENTS ARE MAKING $5, $10, $15, $20, $25and $30 PER DAY

rJQ'QmTcITp-u m p-1 L^-.:3&> selling Lewis's Combination Hand Force Pumps.

It makes 3 complete machines. I have Agents

all over the U. S. who are making $10 to $30 per

day selliiiK thesp Pumps. I give their name and

1 1/- 111 -ucj A. 1 cvPiM.r>F I fi.;is== address ill (^ataloL'uc. To introduce it I will send

r.l.C.U.t-=ua.,KAr-.-.5JgNj;g*f^_^i^at#;ae^:- a samiih I'umr. , r^n^s paid^toany express station

in the V. s. (..,>);."...".«». Made of brass; will throw

vrater tidiii M Ui iV leet.and retails for only $6.00.

Indispensable fur spraying fruit trees. The

Potato Bust Att:iehment is a wonderful invention. They sell rapidly. AGENTS WANTED

EVERVW HERE. Send at once for illustrated catalogue, price-list and terms. GOODS GUARANTEED

AS REPRESENTED OR MONEY REFUNDED. AUdress P. C. LiCWIS, CaUkill, New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Heating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

»-Burnlng Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBBCKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corragated Fire-box Boiler.

Fiveslzes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

_ /^ ^ilh,

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

I RASH-RAISING /APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods foi Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

e « NEXT AUTUMN • •

A SPLENDIDLY GRO"WN COLLECTION OF THE FOLLOW^ING:

Fruit Tree Stocks, 1 and 2 years old, Seedling and Transplanted.

Forest Trees, of all ages. Seedling and Transplanted.

Resinous Forest Trees, 1 and 2 years. Seedling and Transplanted.

Young Conifers and Shrubs of all Sizes.

For prices and all other particulars, apply to

LENAULT-HUET

NlTRSE:RY]y[A.N.

USSir (Calvados) FRA1»CE.

THE PRICES OF RARE TREES ^ SHRUBS.

7j»[\E are trying to extend a knowledge of many
VlAl/ beautiful things, now comparatively unknown.

Particularly have we endeavored to introduce the
WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA, JAPAN SNOWBALL, FUCHSIA WEIGELA
or W^EIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.
Thousands have been sold the past few^ years— but this
is a great country, and thousands more ■will need them.
Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low.

We think the prices of all our rare plants are low.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The draw^ing w^as, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It w^as sold afterw^ards for five
dollars, and is now growing at Newport, Rhode Island.

Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

i

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

AMERICAN GRAPE GROWING

AND

By Gborgk Husmann, Professor of Horticulture in University ot
Missouri.with contributions from well-known Grape Growers, giTins

A WIDE RANGE OF EXPERIENCE.

Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pp., cloth; price, $1.50. Mailed post-paid
on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS H. MAROT

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

PEIAOKC CXrr-TXJRE-

A Complete Treatise for the
USE OF PEACH GROWERS.

BY JOHN WILLCOX.

Comprisingthe experiences of many of the largest^owers
in the country; describing the best modes of cultivation and
how to ward otf and cure the yellows and other diseases pe-
culiar to the Peach. 86 pages, 12mo paper. Price, 50 cents
by mail, postpaid. Address :

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graj^erieSf Conservatotnes, Propagating Houses, F<yr^

cing JPitSf Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Hooms, a7id Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA.VID SIVEIXIX,

8© BEVERLY STREET,

mjl3 BOSTOir, "BHASa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

lopmel lot Water Mers

FOFt II£:iA.Tir7Gr

Grfififlloiisfis, GraBerifis, Coisemtorlfis, Propaptii Uses, k

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BTTSIITEZSS DIRECTORY.

■ Send for conditions of insertion under this heading.'O

P. J. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Ornamental I ELLWANGER & BARRY, Fruit Trees, Small
Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta, Ga. | Fruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N. Y.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Gerraant'n, Phil.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. IT CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Scheol Street, near Parker House,)

jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

Greenhouse Heating

PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE.

Icllis' Boilers, Pip, TaiWc.

ESTIMATES AND CATALOGUES.

FREDERIC O'NEILL,

41 N. 7tli St., and 2116 Race St., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Greenhouses

^ ^ ■■■r\ I tT" 5.00O SQUARE FEET
^^^# I V laCL I OF GLASS. 2 HITCH-
^^^ INGS' BOILERS, PIPF:S, &c., &c. 2 or 6

ACRES GROUND, WITH LEASE 5 YEARS, AT »400

PER ANNUM. Apply immediately.

JAMES DAY, *

318 Broadway, N. Y. City.

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America tor John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. We carry a large
stock in our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every line suburban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

nl2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

IMMENSE STOCK

OF YOUNG TREES

For NURSERIES.GROVES, ORNAMENTATION, &c.

On application there will be sent, post-paid, a Catalogue
of the Large Nurseries of VINCENT LE BRETON,
Horticulturist and Nurseryman, La Fyramide-Trelaze
(Maine-et-L.oii-e), France.

CARNATION

Nicely printed, bound

illustrarpi

Con-

tains the sum of intormatiou
on this plant. Contents Free.
Price, 81.50, post-paid.

L.ORA L,, LAMBORN. Box 693, Alliance, Ohio.

CULTURE

PENSIONS,!'

Officer's pay, bounty pro-
cured ; deserters relieved.
, 21 years' practice. Success

• or no fee. Write for circulars and new laws.

A. W. McCormick & Son. Wuhlngto*, D. C. A Clnelnnatl, O,

#

*

STRONG ONE § TWO-YEAR PLANTS

FOB PALL TRADE.

Hybriil Psrpetuals, Mossss d Mm.

Correspondence solicited.

M. A. HUNT,

Terre Haute, Ind.

Cypress Sash Bars.

- "■.- FAeTS TO CONSIDER ' ■ --"

A Sash Bar made of our CLEAR YELLOW CYPRESS
Lumber will outlast any wooden bar made. Cypress won't
warp or twist, holds paint, and is EXTREMELY DUR-
ABLE. Plain Bars, 1% X 1^ inches, 3 cents per running
foot, f. o. b. cars. Also, clear stock worked to shape for
GUTTERS and RIDGES, SASH, TANKS, &c.

CYPRESS HAS COME TO STAY!

so jjlace your orders early. Circulars and samples. Address,

LOCKLAND LUMBER CO.,

Lockland, Hamilton County, Ohio.

(Mention tbiipkper) j>S

PIjiUBa BUDS.

Nurserymen, Get our Prices now on Plum Buds.

SHIPPERS' PRIDE, KELSY,
PRUNUS SIMONI, OGDEN. ..

WILEY & CO., Cayuga, N.Y.

A. BLANC,

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SFEU^MlNAMJNLK&EBlMiN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 2Bc. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

OUR NIAGARA ^^^^:^!^^i^^!' FORCE PUMP

For introduction in your locality will name dealers' prices
for single pump. State depth of well. FIELD FORCE
PUMP CO.. Lockport, N. Y.

ElV I ^^ I •^ IV I ^' for Union Soldiers, and
B^^|l)|\0 f"i' their widows and
chiklien'''^ IMlTo IJ. STEVENS & CO., Wash-
ington, Cleveland, Uetroit and Chicago.

London Gardeners' Chronicle.

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers in theU. S.for
reduced rate of S4.30 per year. Apply to

C H AS . H . M AROT , Agent . 814 Chestnut St. .PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

The Syracuse Nurseries ofi'er for the Fall of 1SS7, a large and unusually choice stock of Standard Apples,
Standard, Half Standard and Dwarf Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries and Quinces. Also a full line of
other Nursery Stock, both Fruit and Ornamental, Shrubs and Roses. With an experience of nearly half a
century, soil especially adapted to the growth of trees, and growing only for the trade, we can offer special inducements
to Nurserymen and Dealers, and solicit their correspondence or a personal examination of our stock before making
contracts for Fall. [ji6] SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

FOR SALE

AT

BY THE 100
BY THE 1000

reasonable: rates

lUkl CHR7SAHTHEMUMS

Also, Young Strawberry Plants for Winter Forcing,

READY AUGUST 1st.

ADDKEss, ROKEBY FARM, Westtown, Chester County, Pa.

POCKET MAG/l/IFIERS.

No. 3014. Price, 80 cents.
HARD RUBBER CASES AND FRAMES.

No. 3010 1 dbl convex lens, oval shape, 5iin. diam. .

3012 1

30123^—1

3013 1

3013>^— 1

3014 2

3014V— 2

3015 2

30151^-2
30ift-!_l

3017 1

3019 2

3020 2

3024 2

30241^—3

1^

1 & Ik

" IK&l^

bellows shape, ^

" %& % " .. .90
" }4i" % " . . .90
" J^tojl " ..1.25
' diaphragm case %& >< " .. 1.00
^' % to 3^ " . . 1.25

302o Hard rubber case, 1 lens, %in. diam., of high

power at one end, and 1 lens, ^in. diam., of
medium power at other end 1.25

Order them by numbers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of
price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVElilBNT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

>Vith numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75 cents
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price. .

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chescnat St., Phila.

MUSHROOMS

Far the MILLION, a Practical Ireatise on the cultivation
of the MOSl PROFIIABLE out-door crop knoiim.

BY JOHN WRIGHT.

Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 104 pages. Price, 50 cents, by
mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phlla.

A $1.50 BOOK FOR A DOLLAR.

nT Rand's Seventy-five Flowers. Only a few
** i copies for the price and no more at that rate.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

VILLA GARDENING

A HAND-BOOK FOR AMATEURS AND
PRACTICAL GARDENERS.

BY EDWARD HOBDAY,
Author of "Cottage Gardening."

5.55 pages, 12mo, cloth. Mailed for S1.75, postage free.
Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

GARDENING FOR PLEASURE.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A guide to the A.mateur in the

FRUIT, VEGETABLE and FLOWER GARDEN.

With full directions for the
Greenhouse, Conservatory and "Window-Garden.
Illustrated. 250 Pages, 12mo, cloth. Price Si .50. Sent by
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HAND-BOOK OF PLIMTS.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A concise, yet comprehensive Dictionary ot Plants.
Asa book ofreference it will take the place for all practical
purposes, of the expensive and voluminons European
works of this kind. Has been written with special view to
the Trants of the climate of the United States, both in
matt.irs of propagation and culrure. Instructions for cul-
ture of many important plants, such as the Rose, have been
given at length. Scope of work era i^races botanical name,
derivation, Liinnsnan and natural orders ot all leading
genera of ornamental or useful plants up to present
time. All important species and varieties with brief in-
stractions for propagation and culture A valuable
feature to amateurs is all known local or common
names. Arran^'-nient ot book is alphabetical, and any
plant can be quickly referred to under scientific or com-
mon name. Index is added where important plants oi
modes of culture can be referred to at once. ^ Iso compre-
hensive glossary of botanical and technical terms, with
generalhorticultural terms and practices, of ^reat value
to the experienced horticulturist. Octave 400 pages, fin*
paper, handsomely bound in cloth. Sent by mail.postagepaid,
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GARDENERS' DICTIONARY.

^ By Gbo. W. Johnson, Editor of " Cottage Gardener."

Describing the Plants, Fruits and Vegetables desirable for the
Garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in
their cultivation. New Edition, with a supplement, including the
new plants and varieties. ioi6 pp., lemo, cloth, fine print. Price,
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GARDENING FOR PROFIT

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of the

MARKET AND FAMILY GARDEN.

NEW AND GRE.\TLY ENLARGED EDITION and
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ASPARAGUS CULTURE.

The BEST METHODS EMPLOYED in ENGLAND aM FRANCE.

BY JAMES BARNES AND WM. ROBINSON.

With translations of Mr. Leboeuf s Essay on Asparagus,
and particulars of the seven years competition instituted
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ROSE GARDEN.

BY WM. PAUL.

ARRANGED IN TWO DIVISIONS.

Division i. — Embracing the History ot the Rose, the formatioo
of the Rosarium, and a detailed account of the various practicer
adopted in a successful cultivation of this popular flower.

Division a.— Containing an arrangement in Natural Groups of
the most esteemed varieties of Roses recognized and cultivated Id
the various Rose Gardens, English and Foreign, with full descript-
ions and remarks on their origin and mode of culture.

Illustrated with Thirteen magnificent Colored Plates of variouf
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Royal 8vo. Cloth. 328 pp. cloth, heavy paper and handsomt
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CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
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THE PEACH;

Its Culture anfl Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Cse of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afi'ected by the •• Yellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12rao. Cloth, iSl.OO. Paper, 60 cents.

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BY JAMES VEITCH.

Embracing: Part I.— General Review of the Order.

Part II.— Synopsis oj Genera, Species and Varieties.

Part III.— The Planting of ConifercB.

This work has received the high enconiums of the English
and French Horticultural papers, and the Gardeners'
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With numerous wood-cut plates and letter press illustra-
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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
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descriptions of the varieties now generally grown.
BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
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FOR SALE. RARE CHANCE.

Transactions of the London Horticultural Society from
1820 to 1848. inclusive. Ten volumes Royal Quarto, Vol. 1 to
Vol. 7 1st series, and Vol. I to Vol. 3 2nd series, inclusive.
Bound in J^ calf, gilt backs. Splendidly illustrated with
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Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams. F. B. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

By Peter Henderson.
A Guide to the supcessful cultivation of

FLORISTS' PLANTS,

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THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

OF NORTS AMERICA
VOL. I.
F©R FARMERS & STI3f©EKi:S.

BY PROF. W. J. BEA.L.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
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THE NURSERY ^ORCHARD

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON

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BY S. W. PEEK.

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JWA FEW COPIES LEFf-©ft

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Trfatiseon their Construction, Heating and Ven-
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eries, and other kinds of Horticultural Struc-
tures ; with Practical Directions for
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to Light, Heat and Air.

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
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RARE ^ CURIOUS
^OLD WORKS>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

ISmo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, 51.00: by mail,
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THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt or
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal. "—iondon Gardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and als© of those who are about to study
it "—London Journal of Horiicultiire.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— Caj-dewers' Monthlp.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— The Botanical Gazette.

"It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers." — N. Y. Evening Post.

"'fhe mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind."— Country Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together with

Blocks illustrative of types of the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly-Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Potting Terrestrial Orchids. Mode of Inducing
Back Growths, Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids. Greenhouse and Fi ame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, $6.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT,

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BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, l)oth Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, S2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography o
Pot-Rose,

byWM. PAUL.

93 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, «1 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

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Plummers Carpenter s and Builders" Guide 150

Warings Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 250

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward s Graperies and Hort. Buildings 100

Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 1 0#

Woolett's Old Homes made New l 50

TREES. FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, S<iHy 3 00

Canadian Forester s Illustrated Guide 1 25

Downing's Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 1 .50

Elliott's Lawn anil Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1 00

Fuller's Practical Forestry 1 50

Gordons Pinetum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 00

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scotfs Heautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, lU'd .. 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Conifeise, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.0u; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard s Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Houis with insects 2 50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 1 75

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 .50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, 111 d 5 00

Diagendorffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 3 00

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 1 25

Gray's Lessons on Botany 1 00

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK,

CHOICE SEEDS AND BULBS OF BEST QUALITY.

WITH ALL

FLORISTS' REQUISITES,

SUCH AS

Baskets, Papers, Moss, Immortelles, Wire Designs, &c.

ALL AT REASONABLE PRICES FOR BEST POSSIBLE QUALITY.

CATALOGUE OF EVERYTHING READY IN SEPTEMBER AND MAILED FREE.

il@°°SuppIy estimates for import orders of Plants, Bulbs,
Garden Seeds, and other Trade items. Custom house
entries and reforwarding attended to with due dispatch.

JAMES W. QUEEN & CO.,

MANOFACTURING OPTICIANS,

Scientific Apparatus of all kinds.

924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

ACME MICROSCOPES,

PLANT PRESSES,

BOTANICAL COLLECTING CASES,

MAGNIFYING GLASSES, ETC.

''^'Send for Complete Catalogue Microscopes (simple and
compound), Accessories, Objects, etc., 104 pages ; Sample
copy of the " Microscopical Bulletin," a bi-monthly journal,
newsy and practical. 2.3c. per year; Abridged General Cata-
logue, with list of our 15 Complete Catalogues. jl3

-FOR-

Winter Decoration

We can spare a fine selection of large plants, very
serviceable for Winter Decoration, such as Ficus indica,
or Banyan Tree, one of the most serviceable for general
use ; Ficus elastica and Chauverii, Oreodoxa regia,
Cocos romanofciana, Seaforthias, Caryota ureus,
and a variety of hardy Evergreens. Price and size on
application.

MAITRE & COOK, New Orleans, La.

St. Charles Ave. and Clinton St.

PENNA. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

Fall Exhibition,

In HORTICULTURAL HALL, Broad St., PMla.
o o

Flowering Plants

Designs

Cut Flowers

OPENS: Tuesday, Sept. 27th, 8 P.M.

CLOSES: Friday, Sept. 30th, 10 P. M.

OPEN DAILY, (O A. M. TO 10 P. M.

Admission, 50 cents. Children, 25 cents.

Members Free.

SEND FOR PRIZE LIST.

EDWIN LONSDALE, Sec. J. B. MITCHELL, Pres.

aOBlENiALFRUITS

(Q A specialty. A large stock of Fruit Trees,

Qj including "Kelsey's Japan. Botan
)^ and Ogan Plums, and Russian Aprl-
Ucots.oa Plum Stocks. LeConte
a Pears

Transparent

£Scill-a)Q>QO!awh..ieiale sWeries, Hul

ipples,

,lo=;ue with facts, free.
;ES>MSi''Hniit»vUle

' 4ntsvllle,Ala.

10

CENTS, stamps or silver, will secure THE
FLOKAL INSTRUCTOR three months on
trial. A beautiful monthly magazine ex-
presslv for amateur florists and gardeners.
s4 INSTRUCTOR PUB. CO., Ainsworth, Iowa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P. &,E.TRANSON,

NURSERIES

AT ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg to inform the Trade that they have a large quantity of FRUIT TREE STOCKS

for the coming season, and that they are now ready to

book orders at the following prices :

apple:, 1 year. Extra ^ 1000. .16s.

" 1 " No. 1

" 1 " No. 8

MAZZARD CHERRY, 1 year, Extra .... " . . lOs.

" " 1 " No. 1 .... " ..68.

1 " No. 3...

MAHALEB CHERRY, 1 year. No. 1. . .

" " 1 " No. 3...

PEARS, 1 year. Extra ^ 1000. .848.

1 " No. 1

' ..178. 6d.

1 " No. 2

' ..3s. 3d.

" 2 years. Extra

' ..248.

2 " No.l

' ..168.

PI.UM, MYROBOLAN, 1 year. No. 1 ...

' .108.

1 " No. 2...

' ..68. 6d.

QUINCE, ANGERS, from Cuttings, No. 1 ,

' ..16s.

" " " " No. 2,

' ..8s.

Orders to be sent to KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNB, New York. The New
Catalogue for 1887-8 will be ready in October, and may be had on application to

KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNE,

,, 5 & 7 South William St., New York.
THE PRICES OF BARE TREES ^ SHRUBS.

/|»I\E are trying to extend a knowledge of many
VlAl/ beautiful things, now comparatively unknown.
Particularly have we endeavored to introduce the
WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA, JAPAN SNOWBALL. FUCHSIA WEIGBLA
or WEIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.
Thousands have been sold the past few years — but this
is a great country, and thousands more wUl need them.
Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low.

We think the prices of all our rare plants are low.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The drawing was, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It was sold afterwards for five
dollars, and is now grow^ing at Nevirport, Rhode Island.

Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

TEOHAS HEEEAN & SON,

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Qreenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBEOKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Fiveslzes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

.^ASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Liftiog-Rods to Sashes,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 logue, with ReferencBS and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RHOBOXIESI^DROl^ S I ilLZ Al^S AS

THE LARGEST STOCK AND FINEST VARIETIES KNOWN OF HARDY RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS.

Exhibitor at the Centennial in 1876 ; at the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, and
Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, London, for years.

The Rhododendrons annually supplied to Rotten Row, London, are from this source.

ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill, Woking, England.

Special selections made for different climates in America, and supplied at lowest ]ft-ices. For prices and information
apply to

H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulbs, 56 N. 38th St., Philadelphia.

|M 11 RSERV STOCK

100.000 APPLE TREES

2 years, Ist-class, 6 to 7 feet. A very fine lot. Varieties
suited for Southern planrinp:. Also STRAWBKKKY
PLANTS, ENGLISH WALNUT, etc. Write to us.

82 G. H. MILLER & SOX, Koine, Ga.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock,
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

IT is a conceded fact that there is no better place in the U. S.
for Nurserymen to sort up, Dealers to Pack, or Planters to
order, than at the Painesville Nurseries, the aim of

THE STORRS HARRISON CO. being to carry
a full line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Bulbs,
Shrubs and Roses. Have a remarkably tine stock '
of Standard and Dwarf Pears, Kilmarnock Wil-
lows and other Weeping Trees ; also Grape Vines,
including all the Best New Sorts — Moore's Diatnond,
Empire State, Niagara, Jessica, Frances B. Hayes, etc.
Can supply car loads of elegant, large Nursery -grown
Elms, Catalpas, Maples, Poplars, Tulips, etc. The
handsomest lot of Pyramidal Arborvitae and Irish Juniper ever offered, and acres on
acres of other Evergreens. Prices reduced to suit the times. Come and see. Corres-
pondence solicited. Catalogue Free. 33d Year. 700 Acres. 24 Greenhouses

Address f |^g STORRS & HARRISON CO.. PAINESVILLE, LAKE CO. OHIO.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,

p. O. Box 2956.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES :

New York Citv.

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen. Seedsmen and Florists, - . . - . Carlisle, England.

O. O. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

liEVAVASSEUR <fe FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

liENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ---... Nancy. France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OUioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists.

whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution.

fia

Reliable Agents started in Business WHhfiyf QapStal!

Write for Particulars. MY AGENTS ARE MAKING $5, $10, $15, $20, $25 and $30 PER DAY

Selling lewis's Combination Hand Force Pumps.

It makes 3 complete machines. I have Agents
all over the U. S. who iire making $10 to $;iO per
day selling llieso PunipH. 1 give their niin>e and
address in ratalogu'-. 7V. nin<»/N(C it I vill send
asampi,' Pinnp. r.rpnss /m,./, ^..•(/lJ/ rxprrss .sf.ifiow
intluC.S. fnrf^.-,.rM. M;nle ut brass; will throw-
water trom .il) tn i;0 leet. a;ul retails for only ifH.OO.
Indispensable for spraying fruit trees. The
Potato BiiK Att:ichmetit is a wonderful invention. Thov sell rapidly. AGMNTS WANTED
KVERYVVHKRK. Send at once for illustrated catalogue, prioe-list and terms. GOODS (JUARANTEED
AS REPRESENTED OR MONEY REFUNDED. Address P. C. 1,£AVIS, CafcskiU, New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Mouses, FoT'

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO 'KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks. Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

myl2 BOSTON, IKIJLSS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmei lot Water Boilers

FOR HEZATINC-

MMm, draperies, Comratories, Propptli Hodsgs, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. du

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BTTSIHrSSS DIREZCTORir.

•Send for conditions of insertion under this heiiding."®Jl

P. J. BERCKMANS, Fruit and Ornamental I ELLWANGER & BARRY, FruitTrees.Small I THOMAS MEEHAN,

Trees, Evergreens, &c., Augusta, Ga. ] Fruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N. Y. | Nurseryman & Tree J

Seeds, Germant'n, PhiU

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(OflF Scheol Street, near Parker House,)

Jal2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

THE NEW BLACK GRAPE

HARDY, VIGOROUS AND PRODUCTIVE.

Awarded two First-olass Certificates of Merit.

jomr 13. iveoore: <Sc sorr

s2 CONCOBD, MASS.

^BUDDED ROSES^

FOR WINTER FORCING ?„'|?aC'c''„'JS'„

(,~ - J - ■aft^*'^° out-doors, in all the leading

varieties of H. P. and TEAS. Ready for shipment on and

large 2-year-old bushes.

arieties of H. P. and TEAS. Keady for shim
after October 1st. Write for our Descriptive Catalogue and

Prices. Terms Cash with order.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

College Point, Long Island,

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America for John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. We carry a large
stock in our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every fine suburban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

nl2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

pxiirnn buds.

Nurserymen, Get our Prices now on Plum Buds.

SHIPPERS' PRIDE, KELSY,
PRUNUS SIMONI, OGDEN. au.
WILEY & CO., Cayuga, N. Y.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SEEDSMEN ANDNrRSERlMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 2Bc. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

TREES

_FALL PLANTING.

We offer the largest and most com-
plete general stock in the U. S., be-
Fruit & OrnameDtuI. sides many Novelties.Cataloguea
^_ ^^ ^— sent to all regular customer8,free.
nnOFO Toothers: No. 1, Fruits, 10c. ; No 2,
K II J%F^ Ornamental Trees, etc., illustrated,
■ ■**wfcW 15c.; No. 3, Ititrawberries ; No. 4,
PDlDr IIIIICO Wholesale; No. 5, Roses. Free.

6RAPE VINES eLLWANGER & BARRY

MT. HOPE NUBSEBIES, ROCHESTEB,New York.

*

*

STRONG ONE § TWO-YEAR PLANTS

FOE PALL TRADE.

id Fsrfstuals, Mosses and Clinks.

Correspondence solicited.

M. A, HUNT,

Terre Haute, Ind.

Cypress Sash Bars.

- -.. FACTS TO CONSIDER

A Sash Bar made of our CLEAR YELLOW CYPRESS
Lumber will outlast any wooden bar made. Cypress won't
warp or twist, holds paint, and is EXTREMELY DUR-
ABLE. Plain Bars, 1% X i% inches, 2 cents per running
foot, f. o. b. cars. Also, clear stock worked to shape for
GUTTERS and RIDGES, SASH, TANKS, &c.

CYPRESS HAS COME TO STAT!

so place your orders early. Circulars and samples. Address,

liOCKLAND LUMBER CO.,

Lockland, Hamilton County, Ohio.

(McDtloD thli paper.) jlS-

DSSIG-MTS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This Is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flower Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
Ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bouxid and are &
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mall post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
fotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVetv England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTIJER.

FRENCH FRUIT TREE STOCKS

PIERRE SEBIRE,

- NURSERYMAN,

pii

USSY, CALVADOS, FRANCE,

IS NOW READY TO BOOK ORDEBS FOR THE FOLLO WIJSTG. ALL OF FIRST QUALITY.

Per 10,000

Apple, Seedlings, 1 year, No. 1, 5 to 8 mill'rs »40 00

" " " 2, 4 to 6 " '21 00

Cherry, Mahaleb, 2 yrs., transplanted, 6 to 9 mill'rs 18 00

" 1 yr., Seedlings, No. 1, 5 to 8 mill'rs. . 17 00

" " 1 " " " 2, 3 to 5 " .. 10 00

" " 1 " " " 3, 2 to 3 " .. 6 00

" Mazzard, 1 " No. 1, 5 to 9 mill'rs 18 00

1 " " 2, 4 to 5 " 10 00

Pear, 2 yrs., transplanted, No. 1, 6 to 12 mill'rs (iO 00

2 " Seedlings, well-rooted, 6 to 10 " 40 00

2 " " " 5to8 " 28 00

1 yr., " Extra, 6 to 10 mill'rs SHOO

1 " " No. 1, 6 to 8 " 50 00

1 " " " 2, 5 to 7 " 32 00

1 " " " 3, 3 to 5 " 11 00

Ter 10,000

Myroliolan, 1 yr., Extra, 5 to 8 mill'rs S22 00

1 " No. 1, 4 to 8 " 20 00

1 " " 2, 3to4 " 14 00

Quince, Angers, Cuttings, trans.. Extra, 10 to 15 miU'rs 76 00

No. 1, 6 to 10 " 56 00

" 2, 5 to 7 " 36 00

Arbor Vilae, American, 4 yrs., transpl'd, 10 to 16 inches 20 00

" 3 " " 5 to 8 " 13 00

" " " 3 " Seedlings, very fine 5 00

" " " 2 '= " " " 3 00

Norway Spruce, 4 yrs., transplanted, 8 to 14 inches 15 00

3 " " 5 to 8 " 11 00

" " 3 " Seedlings, very fine 4 00

" 2 " " " •' 2 20

All other articles of General Nursery Stock can be supplied at very low rates. Immense Stock. Packing secured.
For information and orders, address

MR. C. RAOUX, 296 Pearl St., N. Y. City.

SOLE AGENT FOR UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

RELIABLE BULBS AT LOWEST PRICES

100 Choicest Named Hyacinths, in 50 Varieties, Single or Double, or both. .S18.00 per 100 ; S2.50 per doa.

Best Named Hyacinths, in Separate Colors, or Mixed 16.00 " 75c. "

Best Hyacinths for Bedding, in Separate Colors or Mixed 85.00 per 100

Best Single Mixed Tulips S1.75 "

Best Double Tulips $2.26 "

Freesia refracta alba. Fine 85.00 "

Fine.st Named Tulips, Narcissus, Lily of Valley, Spiraea Japonica, Ac, at equally low prices, and warranted flrst-
class quality.

H. 'WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulbs,

56 North 38th Street, Philadelphia.

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN^ljEALERS

The Finest Stock of Apples, Standard and Dwarf

Pear, Plum and Peach Trees ever offered to the Trade

Also a full line of General Nursery Stock. \Arrite for particulars stating quantity, size,
varieties, etc., wanted.
j'6 SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

AT BOTTOM PRICES!

!■ K A f Pr^''c^^.p''.'^'i,;T,i' WIN P jlk

IIciitlqiiitricrM iiiKl I

EMPIRE STATe

'^ NIAGARA T.^.,Hy„BBAf!gco.

Orchids.

A very large stock of choice East Indian Orchids, viz.:
PHALANOPSIS, HENANTHERA, SACCOLABIUMS,
BRIDES, CYPRIPEDIUMS, DENDROBIUMS, &c. Also
■Central and South American Orchids, as CATTLEYAS,
L^LIAS, LYCASTES, ONCIDIUMS, ODONTOGLOS-
SUMS, well grown plants, and at as low rates as it is pos-
sible to oflfer these fine sorts.

CATALOGUES MAILED FREE.

.2 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

S250

EVERY MONTH.

1,000 IIVE AQENTS WANTED '

at once. Our Afceiit's Uii

^L^.'iXV.^'^yy'*^^*'' sciil Ireo. Write lor it.
WALLlAtiFOKl* 81LVEK CO.. WuUlitjcrurd, Uonu.

87

STRAWBERKY, a New

Berry of very fine quality,
now offered for the first

time. Also, JEWELI.,

_ KSSIK, ItEI^MONT, and other varieties. Ad-
dress, P. M. AUGUR & SONS, Originators, IVIiddlefield, Conn.

600 ACRESi

13 GREENHOUSES.

TREESMPLANTS

We offer for the Fall trade a large aud tine stock
of every description of FKIJIT and OriiiiiiKMiliil
TKEKS. SliriiltN, RoscM, Viiu's, S.>IAI.Li
FRTI'I'S, IUmIk*' riiiiilM. Kriiit Tr»-«' SetuU
liiiKsaml |i"«r<'sl Trot- Seedlings. Priced Oata-
loRue, Kail i.f IHH7. mailnd free. Ksl„hli«l(ed 1852.

BLOOMINGTONiPHdNIXNURSERY

SIDNEY TtTTLK & 10. FroprletorB, BLOOMINUTON, ILL

CARNATION ^:^^^^:^^. ^S

tains the sum of information ^^TTT T'TT^3TI'
on this ]>Iant. Contents Free. \J \J JLj JL %J Xw JIl
Price, 81.50, post-paid. mhlO

LORA L.. LAMBORN, 60x592, Alliance, Ohio.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

I^URSERIES

WasJiiugtoUf D, C,

The undersigned offers a fine stock of the following at
low rates :

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN EXTENSIVE STOCK, VIZ. :

PEARS. PLUMS, CHERRIES, APRICOTS, APPLES. Suitable to
the South, JAPANESE CHESTNUTS, PERSIMMONS, &c.

Grapevines, Strawberries, Raspberries, Ac.

New soi'ts Evergreen!^, New Ornamental 7'rces, New Shrubs,

d'C, Small Sizes, suitable for Nurserymen, as well

as large stock in great variety.

DXTTCH BXTI^BS.

Large importations direct from the leading growers in Hol-
land. First quality Bulbs: Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

flPfUTn^! East Indian, I BAT W5 A large stock of Small
UAwAlUy Mexican, &c. | lAUluM Plants.suitable for florists

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROIONS, DRACAENAS, DIEFFENBACHIA8,
WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, Ac.

MCIAI DnCETC W. F. Bennett, American Beauty,
lltW nUOCO Her Majesty, Puritan, &c.

New Wistarias, New Clematis, Geraniums, Primulas, &c.

Everything at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

S3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

TREES, GRAPE VINES AND
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

PEACH, l<"irst-clvss and Extra ' 6 to 8 ft.

NORWAY MAPLE f) to 15 ft.

SUGAK '• 8 to 16 ft.

SILVKK " 8tol2ft.

LINUKN " 8tol2ft.

NORWAY SPRUCE 2 to 6 and 8 ft.

BAI.SA IM FI R 2 to 6 ft.

AMERICAN ARBOR VIT^ 12 in. to 6 ft.

SIBERIAN " 12 in. to 4 ft.

REIO'S GOLDEN '< 1>< to 3 ft.

HEMLOCK SPRUCE 2 to 4 ft.

IRISH JUNIPER 8 in. to 4 ft.

Come and examine the Stock. Prices on application. The
Nursery within two minutes' walk of the Depot on Pa. R. R.
Two hours from Philadelphia.

W. P, BRINTON, Proprietor,

s3 Christiana, Lancaster County, Pa.

COPELAND'S COUNTRY LIFE

VERY RARE AND OUT OF PRINT.

BY ROBERT mORKIS COPELAND.

912 pages, octavo, profusely illustrated. Price, 85.00, by
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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE

THIRD EDITION. GREATLY ENLARGED.

BY PETER HENDERSON.

A Guide to the successful cultivation of

FliOBISTS' PLANTS

for the ylwatewr z,y\(S. Professional Flotist. Illustrated. 325
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THE PEACH;

Its Ciure aM Diseases.

BY JOHN RUTTER,

Ex-President of Chester County Horticultural Society, and

Honorary Member of the Pennsylvania Fruit

Growers' Society.

A Complete Treatise for the Use of Peach Growers and

Gardeners of Pennsylvania and all Districts

afl'ected by the •• Sellows " and other

Diseases of the Tree.

96 pages. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. Paper. 60 cents.

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A treatise on the Cultivation, History, Family Character-
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BY H. B. ELLW ANGER.
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CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

VILLA GARDENING

A HAND-BOOK FOR AMATEURS AND
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OF NORTH AMERICA

VOL. I.

BY PROF. W. J. BEA.L.

Comjprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
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THE NURSERY ^ORCHARD

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-W-A FEW COPIES LEFT-^ft

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cries, and other kinds of Horticultural Struc-
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BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
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RARE ^ CURIOUS
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Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
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{Rome 1633) 522 pages. Quarto, 41 full page plates and
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Horsford's Plants of Java.

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PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

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ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

Price, 81.00; by maU,
CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper,
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THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal. "—iondon Oardener^s Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it"— London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Bea.).—7he Botanical Gazette.

"It would be diflScult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boya
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV: Y. Evening Post,

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
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Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together with

Blocks illustraiiveoftypesof the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly-Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets,- Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Potting Terrestrial Orchids, Mode of inducing
Back Growths, Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Frame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, $6.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Bose,

byWM. PAUL.

9$i pages, cloth, lllastrated. Price, «1 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, PhiU.

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FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 450

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 3 00

Amateur's Greenhouse, Hibberd - 3 00

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 3 00

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, coloi-ed plates, Heath 5 75

Bentham's British Flora. 2 vuls 10 50

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole, Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 50

Break's New Book of Flowers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 3 25

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Cook's British Fungi ] 50

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Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 1 75

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener l OO

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Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

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Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 100 I

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Orchids of New England. Baldwin 2 50

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7 00
100
150
2.50
2 50
2.50

Fulton on Peach Culture

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg

Mohr on the Grape Vine ,

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Nursery and Orchard, Peek ,

Orange Culture, Moore

Pardee on Strawberry Culture ,

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper

Quinn's Pear Culture for Protit

Reemelln's Wiiie-makers" Manual

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden '..,

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy ,

Strong's Fruit Culture ,

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition

White's Cranberry Culture

2000-aYear in Fruits and Flowers, Barnard

150
500

60
100
100
125
125
100

75
100

60
100
125
100

26
100
2 00
125
125

Paul's Book of Roses.

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Paul's Roses in Pots

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose

Band's Bulbs

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Rand's Garden Flowers

Rand's Orchid Culture 3 50

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 oo

Robinson's English Flower Garden 600

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 300

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful Lv'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 375

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Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50

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Villa Gardening 1 75

White's Gardening for the South 2 00

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 2 00

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50

Williams,B.S.,Stove&Greenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 5 00

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50

Window Gardening, Williams 150

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Your Plants, paper 40

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Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman.. 1 60

)le Culturist, Todd 150

ley's Apple Culture, illustrated .', 75

Barry's Fruit Garden 2 50

Bassett's Cranberry Culture 30

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide .' 75

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 1 75

Du Breuil's Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 200

Elliotts Fruit Growers' Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ;cl. 100

Fitzs Southern Apple and Peach Culturist, 150

Plaggs European Vineyards 1 50

Fruit Culture UndcB Glass, Thomson 375

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 1 50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture 1 50

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed 50

Appl
Baile

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

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Building Consti'uction, Davidson loo

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Carpenters and Joiners Hand Book (Holly) 75

Cooper's Rural Hours 2 00

Cottage Houses, Reed 125

Downing's Cottage Residences 3 OO

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 50

Palliser'8 Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,'rutMll 2 50

Plummer'8 Carpenters and Builders' Guide 150

Waring's Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 250

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Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 1 00

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Wood ward 's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

W^oodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 1.50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordon's Pinetum 6 00

Hoopes on Evergreens 3 00

Hough s Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 300

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Coniferae, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

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Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00

Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 2 50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 0O

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Real's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 1 75

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 400

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, Ill'd 5 00

Dragendorffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardener's Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany lOO

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$60 to $160 per 100 ; fine extra specimen plants, 2^ to 3 feet, $5 to $7 each.

ASPIDISTRA, 10 to 20 leaves, $5 to $7.50 per dozen ; 20 to 30 leaves, $7.50 to

$jo per dozen.

3; 5 to 7

LILACS FOE FORCING.

CHARLES X., ALBA VIRGINALIS-pIants with 6 to 10 branches, $20 to
$25 per 100 ; plants with 10 to 15 branches, $25 to $30 per 100 ; plants with
15 to 20 branches, extra, $30 to $40 per 100.

ROUGE DE TRIANON (Red of Trianon-new variety), with immense red
flower, long and large, enormous bunch, superior to Charles X., 6 to 15

ultivated in pots, and are well set with

flowers ; plants are from 20 inches to 3 feet 10 inches high.
LILAC ROUGE DE MARLY (Red of Marly), variety employed to obtain

White Lilac ; sold in bunch, 3 to 5 feet, $20 to $25 and $30 per 100.
PERSICA SAUGEANA, nice bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet high, $20 to $25 per 100.

These Lilacs are grown in open ground, transplanted. Well set with

flower buds.

STAPHYLEA COLCHICA, nice plants in pots, well set with flowers, $20 to
$30 per 100 ; same in open ground, set with flowers, $15 to $20 per 100.

PRUNUS SINENSIS, FLORE-PLENO, in pots, $20 to $25 per joo.

PRUNUS SINENSIS, FLORE-PLENO, on small standards, 2% to 3 feet,
bushy head, 20 to 30 branches, full of flower ; transplanted, fit fo
culture and for forcing. New article, splendid in bloom, $6.30 to
per dozen.

ROSES, own roots and grafted or budded on roots : best sorts, Tea, Bourbon
Hybrid, i-year and 2-year transplanted, 100,000 disposable ; 25,000 Mal-
maison, i-year and 2-year transplanted. Price on application. Standard
Roses, very fine, 20,000 disposable. Very moderate prices.

LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM var. RUBRUM, good bulbs, in bloom
now, with 3 to 6 flowers, from $11 to $13 per 100.

CAMELLIAS, 2"4 feet up to 3 feet, $7.50 to $8.60 per dozen.

NEW LILY OF THE VALLEY.

CONVALLARIA MAJALIS ALBA GRANDIFLORA, Fortin variety, true.
This splendid new variety has been rewarded with a First-class Prize by
the Committee of Floriculture of the National and Central Society of
France. When presented last May (1887), the Committee said: "This
splendid variety, with its flowers and bunch, is three times as large as the
ordinary one ; and will be the most useful and most profitable plant for forc-
ing florists." Price: i-yr. plants, $5 per 100, $45 per 1000; 2-yr. plants,
$7 per 100, $65 per 1000 ; 3-yr. plants, $10 per 100, $90 per 1000.
Note.— Plants of 3 years only are able to bloom this season.

P.a:ONIA ARBOREA— P^EONIA SINENSIS.

NEW AND VERY RARE VARIETIES.— 55 varieties.
CHINESE VARIETIES, introduced by Mr. Robert Fortune ; 34 varieties.
JAPANESE VARIETIES, brought over by Japanese growers to the Paris
Exhibition, in 1878 ; 8 varieties. Disposable by hundreds and thousands,
I, 2 and 3-yrs. old ; middle-sized plants, 3 to 6 years old; strong plants,
6 to 8 years ; extra large specimen, 8 to 15 years old.
All the plants cultivated in pots.
P.CONIA SINENSIS— good ordinary sorts,
sorts, 26 varieties ; very new and very rare
in plants, 1, 2 and 3 years old.

Special CATALOGUES of Pseonies, printed in English, containing List
of Varieties with their description and price, will be sent on application.

Fruit Tree Stocks a special culture. Pears, Apples, Doucin, Paradis,

Quince, Myrobolan, Mahaleb. Four million grown every season. Prices

VERY LOW.

CE7"CATALOGUES, printed in English, containing Fruit Trees, Fruit

Tree Stocks, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, i, 2 and 3-yrs. Forest Tree

Stocks. Rhododendron, Clematis, Azalea, Ferns, Magnolias, Viola, Roses,

Prunus Pissardi, new Plants, new Oats, will be sent on application.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), pres Paris, France.

ONLY MONEY MATTERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers, Messrs. JOHN MONROE & CO., 32 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P.&,E.TRANSON,

AT ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg to inform the Trade that they have a large quantity of FRUIT TREE STOCKS

for the coming season, and that they are no-w ready to

book orders at the following prices :

PEARS, 1 year, Extra ft 1000.. 249.

1 " No.l " ..178. 6d.

" 1 " No.3 " .. 3s. 3d.

APPLE* 1 year, Extra

« 1 " No.l

" 1 " No.2

MAZZABD CHERRY, 1 year. Extra.

» " 1 " No. 1 .

1 " No. 2 .

MAHALEB CHERRY, 1 year. No. 1.

«» " 1 " No.2.

1000.. 15s.

" ..109.

" .. 3s.
" ..10s.

48.

2s. 6d.

" 2 years. Extra " ..24s.

" 2 " No.l " ..16s.

PLUM, MYROBOLAN, 1 year. No. 1 . . . " . . lOs.

" " 1 " No. 2 ... " ..69. 6d.

QUINCE, ANGERS, from Cuttings, No. 1, " ..168.

" " " » No.2, " .. 88.

Orders to be sent to KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNB, New York. The New
Catalogue for 1887-8 will be ready in October, and may be had on application to

KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNE,

., 5 & 7 South William St., New York.
THE PRICES OF BARE TREES ^ SHRUBS.

M

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.

|B are trying to extend a knowledge of many
beautiful things, now comparatively unknown.
Particularly 'have w^e endeavored to introduce the
WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA, JAPAN SNOWBALL. FUCHSIA WEIGELA
or WEIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.
Thousands have been sold the past few years— but this
is a great country, and thousands more will need them.
Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low.
We think the prices of all our rare plants are low.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The drawing w^as, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It w^as sold afterw^ards for five
dollars, and is now growing at Newport, Rhode Island.

Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

THOMAS MEEHAI & SOS,

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[£8tabli8hed, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

BiM-BurnIng Water He.t«r

ThreeslHS. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBEGKBB STREET,

NEW YORK.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

Corrugated Firebox Boiler. TjO "^AT" !F^!E?^TC!l!ES

Fivesizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873. -I— IV— / VV .J. .l.V^.L.\— /.J — 11^^

IMPROVED

4f Sash-raising Apparatus,

Lifting-Rods for Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 Cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 loguo, with Referencos and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

imODODESNBRON S i AZ AX«1S AS

THE LARGEST STOCK AND FINEST VARIETIES KNOWN OF HARDY RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS.

Exhibitor at the Centennial in 1876 ; at the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, and
Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, London, for years.

The Rhododendrons annually supplied to Rotten Rovr, London, are from this source.

ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill, Woking, England.

Special selections made for different climates in America, and supplied at lowest prices. For prices and information
apply to
H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulbs, 56 N. 38th St., Philadelphia.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,

P. O. Box 2956.

REPRESENTS IN THE UNITED STATES:
CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
C. G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florisi

New York Citv.

LEVAVASSEUR <fe FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, ....

LENATJLT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist,

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist,

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, - - -

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles,

C. PLATZ * SON. Seedsmen. - - _._...,

ERNEST RIEMSCHNE:IDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalogues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense.

Carlisle, England.
Haarlem, Holland.
Ussy, France,
Ussy, France.
Ussy, France.
Nancy, France.
OUioules, France.
Erfurt, Prussia.

soon as they are received for distribution.

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN

DEALERS

AT BOTTOM PRICES!

The Finest Stock of Apples, Standard and Dwarf
Pear, Plum and Peach Trees ever offered to the Trade

Also a full line of General Nursery Stock. "Write for particulars stating quantity, size,
varieties, etc, wanted.
ji6 SMITHS, POWELL &, LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

■ ^D A BTIII^Extra Quamy. War- gj| g |^ Cg^

HeaOuiiarK

L'si rates lor

HfiACARA T"S,,,Hyo^,BARgCo.

Seeds, Seedlings and Stocks

Z\ HE new arrangements and increased area of our Nur-
I j\ series enable us to add largely to the quantity of
Vl^ Stocks grown, and thus offer them cheaper than ever
before. Since free trade in Nursery products has been in-
augurated, many stock raisers have been driven out of the
business. We have concluded to

REDUCE THE PRICE OF STOCKS

so that they shall be no higher than European, for all the
much higher wages we have to pay the American workman
— trusting to a largely increased sale to afford a margin of
profit. We have a fine stand of Apple, Mahaleb, Mazzard,
and of all the leading Orn.amental Trees, for which our low
prices may be had on application.

THOMAS MEEHAN & SON,

Cermantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, Pa.

STKAWBEKBV, a New
Berry of very fine qual ty,
now offered for the first

time. Also, JEWELL,

_ JKS*(IK, BELMONT, and other varieties. Ad-
dress, P. M. AUGUR & SONS, Originators, MiddleHeld, Conn.

Orchids.

A very large stock of choice East Indian Orchids, viz.:
PHALANOPSIS, RENANTHEUA, SACCOLABIUMS,
BRIDES, CYPRIPEDIU \1S, DENDROBIUMS, &c. Also
Central and South American Orchids, as CATTLEYAS,
L^LIAS, LYCASTE.S, ONCIDIUMS, ODONTOGLOS-
SUMS, well grown plants, and at as low rates as it is pos-
sible to oifer these fine sorts.

CATALOGUES MAILED FREE.

JOHN SAUL. Washington, D. C.

nRIENTALFRUITS

A specialty. A large stock of Fruit Trees,

inciuaing Kelsey's Japan, Botan
and Ogan I'lunis, and Russian Apri-
cots, "u Plum Stocks. LeConte

Pears one and two years old, extra ane;
i>thir J'uars on I.eConte stocks ; YellOW

Transparent Apples, Peen To and

Honey I'L-aches. Catalo/ue with facts, free.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

GreenJiouses, Graperies, Conservatories, Propagating Souses, JFor-

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

DA-ATID

86 BlEZV^ERX^ir

mylS

SIMCITIX,

STREET,

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

InproTed loi Water Sdlers

FOFt HEI/IlXING

Greeitas, Graperies, Cosmatorles, FropaptM in, k

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dia

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BUSINESS DII^ECXOFtY.

• Send for conditions of insertion under this heading. "^^

H. S. ANDERSON.Wholesale Fruits.PIants,
Ornamental, Union Springs, N.Y.

ELLWAN6ER& BARRY, Fruit Trees, Small I THOMAS MEEHAN.

Fruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N.Y. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n.PhiL

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Scheol Street, near Parker House,)

1al2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

THE NEW BLACK GRAPE

HARDY. VIGOROUS AND PRODUCTIVE.

Awarded two First-class Certificates of Merit.

joxirar b. imeoors <9c son

82 CONCORD. MASS.

^BUDDED ROSES^

FOR WINTER FORCING KlKSefrr.ffS

large 2-year-old bushes^grown out-doors, in all tbe leading
varieties of H. P. and TEAS. Ready for shipment on and
after October 1st. Write for our Descriptive Catalogue and
Prices. Terms Cash with order.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

s6 College Point, Long Island, N. Y.

RHODODENDRONS.

Being the representatives in America for John Watterer
& Sons, the famous English Rhododendron growers, we
can offer these splendid flowering Evergreens in any quan-
tity, and at the lowest prices consistent with the well-known
high quality of this firm's productions. We carry a large
stock In our nursery at all times of the hardiest varieties,
that have been thoroughly tested in this climate and can
be relied upon to give entire satisfaction. There is nothing
with which so fine a floral display can be made, and they
should be freely planted in every fine subvirban place.
They are of the easiest culture and do not require any
special preparation of the soil as generally supposed.
Catalogue free.

B. A. ELLIOTT CO.,

ni2 57 Sixth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

THE NEW GRAPE —

CHARLES DOWNING

This beautiful grape is now offered for the first time.
Circulars with testimonials sent free to all. Address,

J- G.

BURROT^,

Fishkill, N. Y.

t«^M

A.. 1B1L.ANC,

PHILADELPHIA

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS.

i StEUSMI N AM) NL'RSER\MEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

„FALL PLANTING.

We offer the largest and moBt com-
plete general stock in the U. S., be-
Frnit & Ornamental, sides many Noveliies.Catalogues
Bent to all regular customers.lree.
To others: No. 1, Fruits, 10c. ; No 2,
Ornamental Trees, etc., illustrated,
16c.; No. 3, Strawberries; No. 4,

6RAPE VINES KwllVoER' T BARRY

UT. HOPE NCBSESIES, BO€U£STEB,New lork.

TREES

Frnit & Ornamental.

ROSES

Cypress Sash Bars.

- ■ ■ FAOTR TO nnwsinFP - ■ -

A Sash Bar made of our CLEAR YELLOW CYPRESS
Lumber will outlast any wooden bar made. Cypress won't
warp or twist, holds paint, and is EXTREMELY DUR-
ABLE. Plain Bars, 1% X IM inches, 3 cents per running
foot, f. o. b. cars. Also, clear stock worked to shape for
GUTTERS and RIDGES, SASH, TANKS, &c.

CYPRESS HAS COME TO STAY!

so place your orders early. Circulars and samples. Address,

LOCKLAND LUMBER CO.,

Lockland, Hamilton County, Ohio.

(HeDtlon thU paper.) jlS

NIIRf^FRVasTocK

100,000 APPLE TREES

2 years, Ist-class, 6 to 7 feet. A very fine lot. Varieties
suited for Southern planting. Also STRAWBERRY
PLANTS, ENGLISH WALNUT, etc. Write to us.

s2 G. H. MILLER & SON, Rome, Ga.

JJIEISIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This i3 a collection of ove^
one hundred dra-wtngs foi"
Ornamental Flow^er Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid,
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
gotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
It is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— New England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, iVIass.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mhi2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADV£RT\3ER.

FRENCH FRUIT TREE STOCKS

PIERRE SEBIRE, - - - NURSERYMAN,
USSY, CALVADOS, FRANCE,

IS NOW KEADY TO BOOK OKDERS FOR THE FOLLO WIJSTG. ALL OF FIRST QUALITY.

Per 10,000

Apple, Seedlings, 1 year, No. 1, 5 to 8 mill'rs S40 00

" 2, 4 to 6 " 24 00

•Cherry, Mahaleb, 2 vrs., transplanted, 6 to 9 miU'rs 18 00

;; 1 yr., Seedlings, No. 1, 5 to 8 miU'rs. . 18 00 | Qujnce, Angers, Cuttings, trans., Extra, 10 to 15 mill'rs 76 00

1. u . l^il?.l u ••^2^ ." " ." " No. 1, 6 to 10 " 5600

Plum, Myrobolan, 1 yr.,

1

Per 10,000

Extra, 5 to 8 miU'rs SW 00

No. 1, 4to8 " 24 00

2, 3to4 " 14 00

5 to'

36 00

Arbor Vitae, American, 4 yrs., transpl'

Norway Spruce, 4 yrs

3 »
2 "

10 to 16 inches 20 00
5 to 8 " 13 00

3 " Seedlings, very fine 5 00

2 '^ " " " 3 00

transplanted, 8 to 14 inches 15 00

5to8 » 11 00

Seedlings, very fine 4 00

" " 2 20

3, 2 to 3 " . . 6 00

Mazzard, 1 " No. 1, 5 to 9 mill'rs 16 50

" 1 " " 2,4to5 " 9 00

Pear, 2 yrs., transplanted, No. 1, 6 to 12 mill'rs 60 00

" 2 " Seedlings, well-rooted, 6 to 10 " 40 00

" 2 " " " 5 to 8 " 28 00

" 1 yr., " Extra, 6 to 10 miU'rs 56 00

" 1 " " No. 1, 6to8 " 50 00

" 1 " " " 2, 5 to 7 " 32 00

" 1 '• " " 3, 3 to 5 " 11 00

All other articles of General Nursery otock can be supplied at very low rates. Immense Stock. Packing secured.
For information and orders, address

MR. C. RAOUX, 296 Pearl St., N. Y. City.

SOLE AGENT FOR UNITED STATED AND CANADA.

RELIABLE BULBS AT LOWEST PRICES

100 Choicest Named Hyacinths, in 50 V ineties. Single or Double, or both. .S18.00 per 100 ; S2.50 per doz

Best Named Hyacinths, in Separate Color , or Mixed $6.00 " 75c. "

Best Hyacinths for Bedding, in Separate Cclors or Mixed S5.00 per 100

Best Single Mixed Tulips S1.75 "

Best Double Tulips S2.25 "

Freesia refracta alba, Fine ?5.00 "

Finest Named Tulips, Narcissus, Lily of "Valley, Spiraja Japonica, Ac, at equally low prices, and warranted first"
class quality.

H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bnlbs,

56 North 38th Street, Philadelphia.

TREES, GRAPE VINES AND
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

PEACH, First-class and Extra 6 to 8 ft.

NORWAY MAPLE 5 to 15 ft.

SUGAR •• 8tol6ft.

SILVER " 8tor2ft.

LINDEN •' 8tol2ft.

NORWAY SPRUCE 2 to 6 and 8 ft.

BALSA M FIR 2 to 6 ft.

AMERICAN ARBOR VIT.a: 12 in. to 6 ft.

SIBERIAN •• 12in.t04ft.

KEIU'S GOLBEN « IK to 3 ft.

HE9ILOCK SPRUCE 5 to 4 ft.

IRISH JUNIPER Sin. to 4 ft.

Come and examine the Stock. Prices on application. The
Nursery within two minutes' walk of the Depot ou Pa. K. R.
Two hours from Philadelphia.

W. p. BRINTON, Proprietor,

s3 Christiana, Lancaster County, Pa.

f fisssjhania Agricultural WorH Mi ?a.

r'l Standard Engiaes & Saw Villi.

for ninatraUi
Catalogue.

10

CENTS, st;iini>s or silver, will secure THE
FLORAL INSTRUCTOR three months on
trial. A beautiful monthly magazine ex-
pressly for amateur florists and gardeners.
s4 INSTRUCTOR PUB. CO., Ainsworth. Iowa.

99

THE NEW^ '^ETAT'ON '

BLACK. GKAPE EM I \/l)lf

HARDY, VIGOROUS AND PRODUCTIVE.

Awarded two First-Class Certificates of Merit.
JOHN B. MOORE & SON, Concord, Mass.

GOOD

AGENTS WANTED
Ladies ^P Gentlemen

to canvass for Subscriptions to 2,500 dif-
ferent Newspapers and IVIagazines. Good
pay. Send for 100-page Catalogue. Ad-
dress, JOHN R. REED, Box 83, Canton, O.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

I^URSERIES

The undersigned offers a fine stock of the following at
low rates :

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN EXTENSIVE STOCK. VI/. :

PEARS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. APRICOTS. APPLES. Suitable to
the South, JAPANESE CHESTNUTS, PERSIMMONS, &c.

Crape Vines, Strawberries, Raspberries, &c.

New sorts Evergreens, Xeic Ornamental Trees, New Shrubs,

<&c., Small Sizes, suitable for Nurseri/nien, as ivell

as large stock in great variety.

DUTCH BUX.BS.

Large importations direct from tlie Icrtdiuir growers in Hol-
land. First quality Bulbs: Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

flBftUfflfl East Indian, I BATM5! A. large stock of Small
Uftwfliy» Mexican, Ac. | iAytUU Plants.suitable for florists

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROIONS, DRAC^^NAS, DIEFFENBACHIAS,
WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, &c.

IUir\A/ DnQPC W. r. Tieniiett, American Beauty,
llCiW nUOCO Her Majesty, Puritan, &c.

New Wistarias, New Clematis, Geraniums, Primulas, &c.

Everything at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

S3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

HELLEBORUS NIGER

PUDIQTIUiAC POQT Blossoms beautifully in mid'
UnniO I mMO nUOC die of winter in the snow'.
Strong clumps, full flower-buds S15, weaker ones |10 per 1000 '
same with 1, 2 to 3 blossoms, 16 iter 1000. Cyclamen Euro-
paeum, large tubers $10, medium tubers S7. small blossoming
tubers W.50 per 1000. European Freeland Ferns in 16 beau-
tiful sorts, 10(0 assorted and labeled, PO; 100 at S5. Toly-
stichum Louchitis and Aspideum aculateum, two of tlie
finest sorts of Fern, for culture and bouquets, highly recom-
mended, 1000 at 135, 100 at $5. Export direct to all States.

E. CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, Alpine Florist,
o2 Traisend per St. Tolten. Lower Austria.

Nii-tly luinted, bound
_ and illustrated. Con-

tains the sum of informatioi
on this plant. Contents Free,

Price, $1.50, post-paid. mhlO

LOKA L. LAMBORN. Box 592. Alliance. Oliio

CARNATION

CULTURE

Imported Plants, Bulbs,'Seeds

ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER WHITE NARCIS-
SUS, LILIUM CANI>II>IIM and HARRISIJ, DUTCH
BULBS, HY.^CINTBS.TULI PS, N.akKO I SSUS, AZALEA
INDICA and CAMELLIAS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
DWARF and TREE ROSES, CLEMATIS, RHODO-
DENDRONS, etc., etc. Orders for Fall delivery of Bulbs
and Plants now received. Catalogues on application.

C. H. JOOSTEN, Importer,

aptf 3 Coenties Slip, New York.

FRUITTREES,

VINES. PLANTS, ETC.

IJ\ -^^ Apple, Pear, Peach,Clierry, Plum,
;^'_3^_ 4 Quince, Strawberry, Raspberry,

t" -- I Blackberry, Currants, (>rapes,
JWt.^—- I Uooseberries, Ac. Send for Catalogue
^ ^ J. S. COIaIjINS, Moorestown, N.J.

FEGHTER'S

FAMOUS
FAIRIGON

The above cuts are made from photosraphs ' the dis-
coverer of this wonderful remedy, the first cut
him while perfectly bald, and the second after
restored his hair by means of the FAMOUS F AIRI
This preparation is a perfectly harmless herb
edy, the resuit of a scientific study of the
governing the growth of hair, and contains
elements of which hair is composed. JMany ha
It who were entirely or partially bald, and In no
gle Instance has it failed to produce hair in from
to thirty days. We particularly invite those who
unsuccess fuUy tried some or all of the various so-c
hair tonics, restorers, &c., to make a test of the Falrl
and we -wlW guarantee that it brings about a new gro
unless the roots of the hair be entirely dried up, whiv
latter occurs very rarely and exists in perhaps not more
than five cases out of a hundred. Cases of fifteen years'
baldness have been cured and of any number of years,
even if double that, can be cured by the use of the
Fairicon. Ko sui^-ar of lead, nitrate of silver or other
poisonous substances are used. We back up thess
remarks by offering

S1,000 REWARD,

payable to anyone who will prove that our
statements arfe not correct.

F.\IRirO\ IVo. J, price 50 cents per bottle, Is for
heads entirely or partially bald, to stimulate a new
growth of hair.
FAIRirO.\ Ko. 3, price 75 cents per bottle. Is used
aftc-r the new hair has made its appearance, and if
applied as directed, tlie entire restoration of the hair
Is a certainty.
FAIRICO\ IVo. 3. price 75 cents per bottle. Is a mod-
ification of Fairicon No, 2, and invaluable as a HAIR
DRESSER, especially for ladles. If applied to the
head occasionally, it will renew the growth of hair
that Is falling out, keep it smooth and glossy, remove
all dandruff and ke -p the scalp perfectly clean. IX
IS A CEHTAIM REMEDY FoR ALL DISEASES
OP THE SCALP and will preserve the hair of anyone
using it, for the balance of life. 'While It is used,
neither total nor paitial baldness need be feared.
FECHTER'S FAMOUS FAIRICON Is for sale by all
druggists or can be Sfut by the manufacturers on receipt
of price. On appltcatinn we mail a circular giving the
history of the discovery of this remedy, testimonials
from those who have used it and a treatise on the
hair, explaining huw to preserve and care for It.

H. A. FECHTER & CO,, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

OF NORTH AMERICA
VOL. I.

BY PROF. W. J. BE \L.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
Selection, Improving, Cultivation, Management of Grass
Lands; also, chapters on Clovers, Injurious Insects and
Fungi. 457 pages, 8vo, illustrated, cloth. Mailed, post-
paid, for 82.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE NURSERY ^ORCHARD

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON

FRUIT CULTURE,

BY S. W. PEEK.

208 pages, 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid for
$1.25, on receipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

49- A FEW COPIES LEFf-^a

HOT-HOUSES

A Practical Treatise on their Construction, Heating and Ven-
tilation. Including Conservatories, Oreenhouses, Grap-
eries, and other kinds of Horticultural Struc-
tures ; unth Practical Directions for
their managtment in regard
to Light, Heaiand Air,

BY ROBERT B. LEUCHARS.

Illustrated with numerous engravings. 366 pages, 12mo,
Cloth.

THIS BOOK IS OUT OF PRINT and will not he RE-
PRINTED. WE H.A.VE SECURED THE LAST FEW
COPIES THAT CAN BE HAD AT ALL. Price, S1.50;
by mail, post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

RARE ^ CURIOUS
o<OLD WORKS>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages. Quarto, 41 full page plates and
index rerum. Bound in Vellum. Paper in perfect state
of preservation $25.00

Horsford's Plants of Java.

Folio. Pages 16>^ x 11 inches, containing 367 full-page
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Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose, niustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price 81.60. Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, Sl.OO; by mail,
post paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beax, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal."— ionrfon Oardener's Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it "—London Journal of Horticulture.

" No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany."— Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 7Ae Botanical Qazette.

"It would be diiBcult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analysis of flowers."— iV. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind."— CoMn<r J/ Oentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

Profusely Illustrated with a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together \with

Blocks illustrative oftypesofthe various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly-Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchids, Potting Terrestrial Orchids. Mode of Inducing
Back Growths, Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing of Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Frame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, 86.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

BTJLBS

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties; with full and practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

by WM. PAUL.
92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, 81 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestoul Street, Phila.

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14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

pm{|^|_ AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) will be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &C.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 4 50

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 3 00

Amateur's Greenbouse, Hibberd 3oO

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 300

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75

Bentham's British Horn. 2 vols 10 50

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles an d Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 50

Breck's New Book of Ficwers 175

British Sea Weeds, Gray 325

British Fungfi, Cooke, colored plates 2 50

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 50

Carnation Culture, Illustrated 1 50

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill"d 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 1 50

Chrysanthemum, The, Fish 25

Cook's British Fungi 1 50

Cooks Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 1 75

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses. Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates 1 50

FernParadise,iirdplain,S3;col.plate9,L75; photos 5 00

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 1 50

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 1.50

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.) Nos., $2 ; bound vols. 2 75

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200 I

Halliday's Camellia Culture 200 i

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 150

Hemfich's Window Flower Garden 75

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150 1

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1 50 i

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 1 00

Orchids, by Lewis Castle 50

Orchids for Amateurs, Britten & Gower, ill'd 2 50

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 2 50

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, S30; cloth 15 00 i

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00 |

PauPs Book of Roses 50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 700

Paul's Roses in Pots 100

Parsons, Saml. B., on the Rose 1 50

Band's Bulbs 250

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Rand's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture 3.50

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 oo

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00

Robinsons English Flower Garden 6 00

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 .50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 3 75

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl. 1 00

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 250

Two-Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers 1 25

Tick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 26

Villa Gardening 1 75

White's Gardening for the South 200

Wild Flowers, 2 vols.. Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 200

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50
Williams.B.S., Stove & Greenh'se Plants, 2 vols. Ill'd 5 00

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50

Window Gardening, Williams 150

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Your Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman., 1 60

Apple Culturist, Todil 1 50

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated 75

Barry's Fruit Garden 2.50

Bassett's Cranberry Culture 30

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide 75

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 175

Du Breuil's Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 2 00

Elliotts Fruit Growers' Hand Book.pap'r, 60c. ; cl. 1 00

Fitz's Southern Apple and Peach Culturist, 1 50

Flagg"s European Vineyards 1 60

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson 3 75

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 150

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture 1 50

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed SO

Fulton on Peach Culture 150

Harazathys Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green ,50

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 1 00

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 00

My Vineyard at Lakevie w 1 25

Nursery and Orchard, Peek 1 25

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 75

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 50

Quinn's Pear Culture for Profit 100

Reemelln's Wme-makei'S' Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 25

Strongs Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2oO

White's Cranberry Culture 125

2000a- Yiar in Fruits and Flowers, Barnaid 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Architecture 150

Architects'* Builders' P k t Comp'n, cl., 1.60 ; tuck 2 00

Atwoods Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 1 25

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Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 100

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Coopers Rui-al Hours 2 00

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Downing's Cottage Residences 3 00

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Harney's Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 150

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 50

Palliser'8 Model Homes 150

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Plummer's Carpenters and Builders' Guide 150

Waring's Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

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Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Wooletfs Old Homes made New 150

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS, PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Foresters Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 1.50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Foresti-y 150

Gordon's Pinetum 600

Hoopes on Evergreens 300

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, lU'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 1 OO

Veitch's Maniial of the Coniferae, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 150

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.

Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00

Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.0o ; col. plates. 6 50 .

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 600

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 250

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC. &C.

Seal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Darwins Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00

Descriptive & Analyfl Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, lU'd 5 00

Dragendorffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardener's Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany. 100

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

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If about even proportion of Red, White and Blue colors,

kept separate, or Grade C " " 4.00; " " 35.00

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FOR BEDDING OUT, EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE.

D, in choice mixture per fuU 100 of either, $1.00

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LARGE STOCK OF FRENCH FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS

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Known to the Trade in this country for the past twenty years, is now ready to hook orders for the lollowine, all of first

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" " " 2d choice, 3 to 5 " 1" 2 00

QUINCES of Angers, very strong extra, well-rooted,

8tol2uiiU'rs..l " 6 00

" " 1st choice (select), 6 to 8 " ..l " 4 00

" 2d " 4 to 6 " ..1 " 2 50

ABIES EXCELSA EPICEA (Norway Spruce) 1 " l 50

" " " " transplanted. 2 " 2 00
" " " " very strong,

3 to 4 " 4 00

^1000
APPLES Common, extra, 8 to 12 mill'rs 1 yr, S5 00

" " 1st choice, 6 to 8 mill'rs 1" 3 00

" Doucin, extra 1" 5 00

" Paradise," 1" 5 00

PEARS, very strong extra, extra (sizes are in French

millimeters) 8 to 11 mill'rs in diameter. .1 " 6 00

" strong extra, 7 to 8 " '■ " ..1" 4 00

" 1st choice (select), 6 to 7 " " " ..1" 3 50

" 2d " " 4 to 6 " " " ..1 " 2 00

" transpl'd, well-rooted, extra, 8 to 12 mill'rs. 2 " 5 lO

" " " 1st ch. (select) 6 to 8 " .2" 8 00

" " " 2d " 5 to 0 mill'rs 2" 2 00

PLUMS Myrobolan, seedlings, extra, 5 to 8 miU'rs..! " 4 00

" '• " 1st ch. (select) 3 to 5 " ..1" 2 50

" " cuttings, well-rooted extra 1" 5 00

All other articles of General Nursery Stock can be supplied at very low rates. Write for particulars stating
quantity, size, varieties, &c., to

£. WILTERDINK, 116 Pearl Street, N. Y.,

MR. P. W. VAN DER VEUR, Salesman. Sole Agent for the U. S. and Canada.

L. SPATH

Established in (758 | ^^ r^ MA I P^ 340 acres in culture

NURSERY, RIXDORF, BERLIN (GERMANY).

NOVELTY OF THE SEASON— ROSE, KROWNPRINZESSIN VICTORIA.

A yellowish sport of the celebrated SOUV. DE LA MAL^NIAISOX. This rose excels by a splendid flower of
very delicate coloring, by its superb form, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained the First-class Cer-
tificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society for the kingdom of Prussia. Price : 20 shillings each ; 180
Shillings per 10; 1600 shillings per 100. Catalogues, with colored picture of the rose, gratis and post free. n3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

P.&E.TRANSON,

AT ORLEANS, FRANCE,

Beg fco inform the Trade that they have a large quantity of FRUIT TREE STOCKS

for the coming season, and that they are now ready to

book orders at the following prices :

APPIiE, 1 year. Extra

••?

1000.. 158.

PEARS

, 1 year, Extra .

•V

1000.. 248.

u 1 11 No. 1

'• ..108.
" .. 38.
• t 108.

;;

1 " No. 1 .

1 " No. 2..

2 years. Extra
2 '• No. 1

" .178. 6d.

" .. 38. 3d.

MAZZABD CHBRBT, 1 year, Extra..
1 " No. 1..

" .248.

" .. 68.

.»

" .168.

1 " No. 2..

" .. 38.

PLUM,

MYROBOLAN,

lyear

No

1 .

" ..lOs.

MAHAI.EB CHEBRT, 1 year. No. 1..

" .. 48.

"

"

1 "

No

2.

" .. 6b. 6d.

" " 1 " No. 2..

" .. 28.

6d.

QUINCE, ANGERS, from Cuttings.

No

1,

" ..168.

"

" "

"

No.

2,

•• .. 88.

Orders to be sent to KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNB, New York. The New
Catalogue for 1887-8 will be ready in October, and may be had on application to

KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNE,

., 5 & 7 South William St., New York.
THE PRICES OF BARE TREES m SHRUBS.

/JjIaE are trying to extend a knowledge of many
\1MJ beautiful things, now comparatively unknown.
Particularly have we endeavored to introduce the
WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA, JAPAN SNOW^BALL, FUCHSIA WEIGELA
or W^EIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.
Thousands have been sold the past few years — but this
is a great country, and thousands more will need them.
Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low.

We think the prices of all our rare plants are low.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The drawing was, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It was sold afterwards for five
dollars, and is now growing at Newport, Rhode Island.

Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

U

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Bate-BurnIng Water Heater
Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBECKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corragated Fire-box Boiler.

FiTeslzes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-YALYES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

Sash-raising apparatus,

Lifting-Rods for Sasiies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Best Named Single Hyacinths, 25 to 50 varieties $7.OOperi00

Hyacinths, Single in Separate Colors (Single) 4.00 "

Best Named Tulips (Single and Double) I.OOperlOOO

Tulip, Due Van Tholl, Scarlet I.OOperlOO

Narcissus, Paper White 1.50 "

'* Early Roman 1.50 "

All finest named Tulips. Prices on application.

spEiciAr. TEKvas TO the: tr.a.de:.
H. WATERER, Importer of Bnlbs and Plants, 56 N. 38tli St., Phila.

FREM FEOIT TREE STOCKS. CHEAP AID FINE

Per 10,000

PRUNUS Myrobolan, Extra Choice, 5 to 8 m 830 00

No. 1, •' 4to6m 24 00

" " No. 2— 3 to 4 III 12 00

CERASUS avium, (Mazzard), Extra Choice, 2, 3 to 5 ft. . 80 00
No. 1. Choice, 2, 2J^ to 3 ft . 50 00

" " " Extra Choice, 13^ ft 82 00

No. 1-1 ft 20 00

" No.2-lft 1000

" St. Luin.Mahaleb, Extra Choice, 5 tn.& all over 22 00

" " " No. 1, Choice, 4 to 6 m 19 00

" No. 2— 2 to 4 m 10 00

JUGLANS NIGRA. (Walnut Tree). 1 year, good 95 00

CASTANEA VESCA, (Chestnut Tree.) 1 year 14 00

2 years 30 00

'• " " " 3 years 40 00

" " " " 4yeafs 50 00

CORYLUS Common (Hazel), 1 year 17 00

2years 23 00

" " 3 years 40 00

" 15 best sorts from layers, per 1000 8 70 00

CURRANTS. lOof the best sorts, " 120 CO

GOOSEBERRIES, from seeds 120 00

RASPBERRIES, 60 of the best sorts, per 1000 $22 CO

STRAWBERRIES, 20 of the best sorts for market 60 00

Paradise

Per 10,000

QUINCE, Extra Choice, 7 m. and all over $50 00

No. 1, " 5to7m 38 00

" No. 2, " 4to6m 20 OO

PEAR,lyr., Extra Choice, 6 m. and all over 55 00

1 yr., Choice, 5 m. and all over 50 00

" No. 1, " 5to7m 32 00

" No. 2— 3 to 5 m., to be transplanted 12 00

" 2 yrs., Extra Choice, 8 m. and all over 55 00

" No. 1, Choice, 6 to 8 m 26 00

APPLES from Seeds 1 yr.. Extra Choice, 6 m. & all over 60 00

" " " lyr.,No. 1, " 4 to 6 m 35 OH

" " " 2yrs.,trans.,ExtraStout, 8715.... 75 00

" " " " " No. 1-6 to 8 m 35 00

" Doucin from Layers, Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

" " " " No. 1, Choice, 5 to 7 m 36 00

" " " " No. 2, " 3 to 6 m 20 00

" " " Trans., Extra, 6 m. & over. 60 00

" No. 1, Choice, 6 to 7 m . 45 00

' Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

' No. 1, " 5 to 7 m 36.00

' No. 2, " 3 to 6 m 20 00

PRUNUS, St. Jullen, Extra Choice, 5 m. and over 50 00

" " No. 1, " 4to6m 35 00

" " No.2— 3to4m 16 00

PEAR SEEDS (pure Caresi variety'. Myrobolan and Mahaleb stones and seeds disposable by large quantity, low
rates ; prices on application. FOREST TREES, Ornamental Trees and Shiubs, young stocks from cuttings and seedlings
disposable by the l,00f',0(i0. EVERGREENS, Abies excelsa, Pinus larix, &c., 1. 2, 3 to 6 years old, disposable by 100,000 of
each kind ami choice. ROSES, own roots ; standards, half-standards, low budded, disposable by large quantities. BRIAR
SEEDLINGS, very fine, Manetti stocks, disposable by 100,000.

Note.— Special cheap prices and arrangements are made for orders. Send franco. New York, Baltimore, Boston,
New Orleans, Quebec.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France.

ALL MONEY ORDERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers, Messrs. JOHN MUNROE & CO.. 32 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

^^^^IHB Wirl^ aUII, I^Biintroducera of the new ■■ Hi ^1 Vil^BB ^^^^

Headquarters and lowest rates for ^ A ^P^^MI Black Grape, now tirst offered for sale.
EMPIRE STATE & NIAGARA ELA I i/N T.S. HUBBAHO CO.,Fre(lonia,N.7>

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
P. O. Box 2956. Xew York Citv.

REPRESENTS m THE UNITED STATES :
CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen. Seedsmen and Florists, ..... Carlisle, England.

O. O. VAN TUBERGEN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, floUand.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

L.ENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

PIERRE 8EBIRE. Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOINE. Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, ...... Nancy, France.

FRANCIS RElBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - Ollioules, France.

C. PLATZ & SON. Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST BIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Catalognes will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, aa soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOB HEATING

Greenhouses f Graperies f Conservatories, Bropagating Mouses, For»

cing JPits, I*ublic and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

vylS BOSTON. ]«A.S&

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inpmeil !ol Water toilers

FOR HEATING

Greeilonses, Graneries, Coiservatories, MuM inses, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. ml

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

■ Send for conditions of insertion under this heading.'Cft

H. S. ANDERSON.Wholesale Fruits.Plants,
Ornamental, Union Springs, N.Y.

ELLWANGER& BARRY, Fruit Trees, Small { THOMAS MEEHAN,

Kruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N. Y. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. 17 CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off Scheol Street, near Parker llou^c,)

1al2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

^BUDDED ROSES^

FOR WINTER FORCING '^"n'^Tl'iTi:

Special offer : Following varieties equal quantities of each,
810 per 100; H. P. Anna de Dirsbacli, La France, Gen.
Jacqueminot, Paul Neron, Comtesse of Oxford, Jules
Margottin, Queen of Q,ueens, Anna Alexieff, Mme. Gabr.
Luizet, Mme. Knott, Marie Bauman, Gloire Lyoiinaise, Her
Majesty, Merveille de Lyon, Alfred Colomb. Also the fol-
lowing Tea Roses at S12 per 100 : Perle des Jardins, Mme.
Lambard, Marie van Houtte, Mme. Falcot, Mme. Charles.
Mdlle. Franzisea Kreiger, Duchesse Mathilde, Cornelia
Cook. Catalogue on application. Dormant Buds of the new
H. P. Earl of Dufferin— dark, nearly black; Miss Ethel
Brownlow, red ; the new Tea Rose, Lady Helene Stewart-
similar to Mermet— very free flowering ; all at 81 each.
Cyclamen Persicum. fine plants in buds, which will flower
in Nov., 81 each. American beauty, Bennett, Niphetos,
Papa Gontier, in 6-in pots, 50 cents each. Tony Schultheis.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

s6 Box 78, College Point, Long Island, N. Y.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGKATER FOR IXOBI8TS,

SEEDSMrNANDNIJRSER'XMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 25c. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

TREES, GRAPE VINES AND
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.

PEACH, First-class and Extra 6 to 8 ft.

NORWAY MAPLE 5 to 15 ft.

SUGAR " 8tol6ft.

SILVER » 8 to 12 ft.

LINDEN « 8tol2ft.

NORWAY SPRUCE 2 to 6 and 8 ft.

BALSA M FIR 2 to 6 ft.

AMERICAN ARBOR VIT^ 12 in. to 6 ft.

SIBERIAN " 12 in. to 4 ft.

REID'S GOLDEN •« IK to 3 ft.

HEMLOCK SPRUCE 2 to 4 ft.

IRISH JUNIPER 8 in. to 4 ft.

Come and examine the Stock. Prices on application. The
Nursery within two minutes' walk of the Depot on Pa. R. R.
Two hours from Philadelphia.

W. p. BRINTON, Proprietor,

s3 Christiana, Lancaster County, Pa.

DESIGNS

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This Is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flower Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
rangrlngr the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently boimd and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
gotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
It is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— iVew England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

HELLEBOBUS NIGER

OUDICTMAC Dncr Blossoms beautifully in mid
UnrflO I III Mo nUOt ,iie of winter in the snow".
Strong clumps, full flower-buds S15, weaker ones $10 per 1000 1
same with 1, 2 to 3 blossoms, 16 per 1000. Cyclamen Euro
pseum, large tubers $10, medium tubers S7, small blossoming
tubers S4.50 per 1000. European Freeland Ferns in 16 beau-
tiful sorts, 1000 assorted and labeled, $30; 100 at $5. Toly-
stichum Louchitis and Aspideum aculateum, two of the
finest sorts of Fern, for culture and bouquets, highly recom-
mended, 1000 at S3-=i, 100 at $5. Export direct to all States.

E. CHRISTOF STEINPOCK, Alpine Florist,
o2 Traisend per St. Tdlten. Lower Austria.

Greenhouses

■^ ^ -rr^ I ^nr 6.000 SQUARE FEET
1L. J TO LEI OF GLASS, 2 HITCH-
^■^^ INGS' BOILERS, PIPES, &c., &c. « or 6
ACRES GROUND, WITH LEASE 6 YEARS, AT »400

PER ANNUM. Apply immediately.

JAMES DAY,

i3l8 Broadvvay, N. Y. City.

CARNATION^il^^
CULTURE

^^ mhlO

AMBORN, Box 593, Alliance, Ohio.

tains the sum of information
on this plant. Contents Free.
Price, 81.50, post-paid.
LORA L.. 1.1

fC%^ X7Q FRUITTREES,
momO I U VINES. PLANTS. ETC.

'™K ^ Apple, Pear, Peach,Cherry, Plum,
"I" ^\ Quince, Strawberry, Raspberry,
E^y 1 Blackberry, C-urrants, <'raPes,
. _-H=^- I < . t^^*,w.ia^ Xny s«nH for CatalOi

liooseberries, *o. Send for Catalogue
J. S. COIililNS, Jloorestownj N. J.

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN ^ DEALERS

The Finest Stock of Apples, Standard and Dwarf AT* ROTTOM PRICES'

Pear, Plum and Peach Trees ever offered to the Trade _£lJ UW i JKJllL — L L\l\J±u .

Also a full Une of General Nursery Stock. Write for particulars stating quantity, size,
varieties, etc., wamted.
ji6 SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTUER.

THOMAS S. WARE,

Hale Farm Nurseries,

Tottenham, London, England.

Perpetual Carnations.

A very fine collection of really first-class
varieties.

Double Colored Pyrethrums.

■Which include almost every shade of color
from pure white to deep crimson.

Double PaBonies.

These are grown on a very extensive scale.
The collection being a most complete one
and including all the finest varieties in cul-
tivation.

Double and Single Begonias.

The European collections of these are the
finest extant, many of the new varieties
being of an exceptional size and the bright-
est colors.

Choice Flower Seeds.

In the best strains procurable, including
Pansy, Primula, Primrose, Cyclamen, &c.

Hardy and Tender Bulbs.

Every species and variety in cultivation, at
all decorative, is grown.

Chrysanthemums.

A large quantity of exceptionally strong
stools for exportation.

Detailed illustrated price lists will be mailed
free upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

D2 Hale Farm Nurseries,

Menham, London, England,

N

URSERIES,

Washington, D. C,

The undersigned offers a fine stock of the following at
low rates :

FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS.

AN EXTENSIVE STOCK, VIZ. :

PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES. APRICOTS. APPLES. Suitable to
the South. JAPANESE CHESTNUTS, PERSIMMONS, &c.

Grapevines, Strawberries, Raspberries, &c.

New sorts Evergreens, New Ornamental Trees, New Shruba,

tfcc, Small Sizes, suitable for Nurserymen, as well

as large stock in great variety.

DXTXCH BXTK.BS.

Large importations direct from the leading growers in Hol-
land. First quality Bulbs: Hyacinths, Lilies, Tulips, &c.

nOflTTn? East Indian, I DA* »fl A large stock of Small
UAwAIUM Mexican, &c. | iALHiM Plants.suitable for florists

Beautiful Hothouse & Greenhouse Plants,

CROIONS, DRACMNA8. DIEFFENBACHIAS,
WINTER B LOOMING PLANTS, Ac.

KliriAl PflQirC W. F. Bennett. American Beauty,
II t Vf nUOtO Her Majesty, Puritan, &c.

New Wistarias, New Clematis, Geraniums, Primulas, &c.

Everything at low rates. Catalogues mailed to applicants.

S3 JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C.

Seeds, Seedlings and Stocks

7\ HE new arrangements and increased area of our Nur-
I 1^ series enable us to add largely to the quantity of
\^ Stocks grown, and thus offer them cheaper than ever
before. Since free trade in Nursery products has been in-
augurated, many stock raisers have been driven out of tlie
business. We have concluded to

REDUCE THE PRICE OF STOCKS

so that they shall be no higher than European, for all the
much higher wages we have to pay the American workman
—trusting to a largely increased sale to afford a margin of
profit. We have a fine stand of Apple, Mahaleb, Mazzard,
and of all the leading Ornamental Trees, for which our low
prices may be had on application.

THOMAS MEEHAN & SON,

Cernnantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, Pa.

Imported Plants, Bulbs, Seeds

SP£: cj.a.TmTte.s -.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER WHITE NARCIS-
SUS, LILIUM CANDinUM and HARRISII, DUTCH
BULBS, HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NARCISSUS, AZALEA
INDICA and CAMELLIAS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
DWARF and TREE ROSES, CLEMATIS, RHODO-
DENDRONS, etc.. etc. Orders for Fall delivery of Bulbs
and Plants now received. Catalogues on application.

C. H. JOOSTEN, Importer,

aptf 3 Coenties Slip, New York.

London Gardeners^ Chronicle.

Will be furnished, post-paid, direct to subscribers intheU.S.fo
reduced rate of IB4.30 per year. Apply to

CH<S.H.MAROT, Agent, 814 Chestnut St.. PhiU.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

f^^OBlENjALFRUITS

"^ l/r^WnOl A specialiv. A larce stock of Fruit Trees,

eluding Kelsey's Japan, Botan

111 Ogani'iuu'^. auu Russian Aprl-

- Plunn Stocks. LeConte

ne and two years old, extra fine;
i on I.eConte stocks ; YellOW

Transparent Apples, Peen To and

Honey I'cacbes. Catalogue witUlacts, free.
"dress'w.F.HEIKES.Mgr.llnnt.tlIle
YVboletale liarseries, HuntSVltle, Ala.

THE BEST

INVESTMENT

for the Family, the School, or the Profes-
sional or Public Library, is a

copy of the latest issue of Webster's Unabridged.

Besides many other valuable features, it contains

A Dictionary

of 118,000 Words, 3000 Engravings,

A Gazetteer of the World

locating and describing 2.'i,noo Places,

A Biographical Dictionary

of nearly 10,000 Noted Persons,

All in One Book.

3000 more Words and nearly 2000 more Illustra-
tions than any other American Dictionary.
Sold by all Booksellers. Pamphlet free.
G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., Pub'rs, Springfield, Masa.

MASON & HAMLIN
ORGANS.

The cabinet organ was in-
troduced in its present form
by Mason & Hamlin in 1861.
Other makers followed in
the manufacture of these
instrnments, bnt the Mason & Hamlin Organs have
always maintained their supremacy as the best in
the world.

Mason & Hamlin offer, as demonstration of the
nnequaled excellence of their organs, the fact that
at all of the great World's Exhibitions, since that of
Paris, 1867, in competition with best makers of all
countries, they have invariably taiien the highest
honors. Illustrated catalogues free.

Mason & Hamlin's Piano

Stringer was introduced by

them in 1882, and has been

pronounced by experts the

^HHi^BiHi^a^^BBi^ " greatest improvement in

pianos in half a century."

A circular, containing testimonials from three

hundred purchasers, musicians, and tuners, sent,

together with descriptivecatalogue, to any applicant.

Pianos and Organs sold for cash or easy payments;

also rented.

MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN & PIANO CO.

154Tremont St., Boston. 46 E. 14th St. (Union Sq.),N.Y.
O 149 Wabash Ave., Chicago.

PIANOS.

ON 30 PAYS' TRIAL.

THIS NEW

lEUSTIC TRUSS

' Has a Pad different from all
others, ia cup shape, with Self-
adjusting Ballln center,adapts
itself to all pesitions of the
body while the ball In the cup

f tresses back the intes-
ines just as a person

does with the finger, with'ughtp

nla is held securely day and night, and

certain. It ia easy ."durable and cheap. Sent by mail. Cir-

• - BeeiBSToa xbdsSco., chlogo, lu.

F. F. F.

FEGHTER'S

FAMOUS
FAIRIGON

The above cuts are made from photographs of the dis-
coverer of this wonderful remedy, the first cut showing
him while perfectly bald, and the second after he had
restored hlshalrby means uf the FAMOUS FAIUICON.
ThlB preparation is a perfectly harmless herb rem-
edy, the result of a Bclentlflc study of the causes
governing the growth of hair, and contains all the
elements of which hair Is composed. Many have used
It who were entirely or partially bald, and In not a sin-
gle Instance has It failed to produce hair In from fifteen
to thirty days. We particularly Invite those who have
unsuccess fully tried some or all of the various so-called
hair tonics, restorers, &c., to make a test of the Falrlcon,
and we will guarantee that it brings about a new growth
unless the roots of the hair be entirely dried up, which
latter occurs very rarely and exists In perhaps not more
than five cases out of a hundred. Cases of fifteen years'
baldness have been cured and of any number of years,
even If double that, can be cured by the use of the
Falrlcon. No sugar of lead, nitrate of silver or other
poisonous substances are used. We back up these
remarks by offering

$1,000 REWARD,

payable to nnyone who will prove that oar
statements are not correct.

FAIRICOX No. 1, price 50 cents per bottle. Is for

heads entirely or partially bald, to stimulate a new

growth of hair.

F.\IRirO.\ IVo. 2, price 75 cents per bottle. Is used

after tlie new hair has made Its appearance, and If

applied as directed, the entire restoration of the hair

is a certainty.

FAIRI(;0\ Xo. 3, price 75 cents per bottle, Isamod-

Ificatlon of Falrlcon No, 2, and invaluable as a UAIR

DKESSER, especially for ladies. If applied to the

head occasionally. It will renew the growth of hair

that is falling out, keep It smooth and glossy, remove

all dandruff and keep the scalp perfectly clean. 11

IS A CERTAIN- REAIEDY FOR ALL DISEASES

OP THE SCALP and will preserve the hair of anyon*

using it, for the balance of life. While it Is used,

neither total nor partial baldness need be feared.

FEGHTER'S FAMOUS FAIRICON Is for sale by all

druggists or can be sent by the manufacturers on receipt

of price. On application we mall a circular giving the

history of the discovery of this remedy, testimonials

from those who have used it and a treatise on the

hair, explaining huw to preserve and care for It.

fl. A. FEOHTER & CO., NEW HAVEN, CONN.

o3

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

OF NORTH AMERICA
VOL. I.

BY PROF. W. J. BEAL.

Comprising chapters on their Physiology, Composition,
Selection, Improving, Cultivation, Management of Grass
Lands; also, chapters on Clovers, Injurious Insects and
Fungi. 457 pages, 8vo, illustrated, cloth. Mailed, post-
paid, for 82.50. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila.

THE NURSERY ^ORCHARD

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON

FRUIT CULTURE,

BY S. W. PEEK.

208 pages, 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. Mailed, post-paid for
81.25, on receipt ofprice. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

RARE t CURIOUS
<XOLD WORKS>o

Jo. Bapt. Ferrarii sinensis E. Societate Jesu
de Florum Cultura.

(Rome 1633) 522 pages. Quarto, 41 full page plates and
index rerum. Bound in Vellum. Paper in perfect state
of preservation S25.00

Blume's Florae Javse et Insularum adjenti-
cum.

3 vols, folio, 18J^xl2 in., full page colored plates. .$100

Horsford's Plants of Java.

Folio. Pages 16>^ x 11 inches, containing 367 full-page
impressions of Dried Plants of Java. Full index.. $25

LIndley's Digitalum.

Folio. 19xl3>iin. 28 colored plates $20.00

Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

AND BULB CULTURE.

BY D. T. FISH.

Being descriptions, both Historical and Botanical, of the
principal bulbs and bulbous plants, and their chief varie-
ties ; with full aud practical instructions for their success-
ful cultivation, both in and out of doors. Illustrated, 468
pages, 12mo, cloth. Price, 82.00, by mail, post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

PARSONS ON THE ROSE.

NEW AND REVISED EDITION.

BY SAMUEL B. PARSONS.

A treatise on the Propagation, Culture and History of the
Rose. Illustrated. 215 pages 12mo., cloth. Price 81.w). Sent
by mail post-paid on roceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. xVlAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY REV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, 81.00; by mail,
postpaid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE NEW BOTANY

A Lecture on the Best Method of Teaching the Science.
By W. J. Beal, M.SC, PH.D. 8vo, paper. Second edition,
revised by the author. 25c. Mailed, post-paid on receipt of
price.

" Every student of Botany may profit by taking counsel
of Dr. Beal." — London Gardener^ s Magazine.

"This book well merits the attention of all engaged in
teaching Botany, and also of those who are about to study
it ''''—London Journal of Horticulture.

"No better service could be rendered to botanists and
gardeners than to have this lecture in the hands of every
teacher. Prof. Beal is one of the best of our modern
teachers of Botany." — Gardeners' Monthly.

Looking at results there are few better teachers of Botany
than Prof. Beal.— 3/ie Botanical Gazette.

" It would be difficult to overestimate the difference be-
tween the delight which a class of bright young girls or boys
would take in such observations as these, and the dreariness
of the hours their elders were forced to spend over the
analj'sis of flowers." — N. Y. Evening Post.

"The mode Prof. Beal so ably points out not only imparts
useful knowledge, but serves a valuable purpose in train-
ing the mind."— CoMn6*2/ Gentleman.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, Publisher,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

The Orchid-Growers' Manual

6TH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.

BY WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

Profusely Illustrated v^^ith a large number of page and

double-page Engravings on Wood, together ^vith

Blocks illustrative of types of the various genera.

This popular work has been entirely re-modelled and re-
vised up to the present time, and has been enlarged to 659
pages. It contains descriptions of upwards of 1470 species
and varieties of Orchidaceous plants, together with 478
synonyms ; also authorities for the names, the families to
which the various genera belong, the flowering period,
native country, and references to figures. In addition to
this, chapters on the following subjects are given :

Habits of Tropical Orchids, Season for Collecting Orchids,
Hints on Collecting Orchids, Risks of Collecting Orchids,
Orchid Treatment during Growth, Orchid Treatment during
Rest, Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions,
Treatment of Newly-Imported Plants, Treatment of Plants
in Bloom, On Making Orchid Baskets, Potting Epiphytal
Orchid.s, Potting Terrestrial Orchids, Mode of Inducing
Back Growths, Watering Orchids, Propagation of Orchids,
Raising Orchids from Seeds, Orchids for Room Decoration,
Construction of Orchid Houses, Glazing ot Orchid Houses,
Heating of Orchid Houses, Ventilation of Orchid Houses,
Shading of Orchid Houses, Growing Specimen Orchids for
Exhibition, Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition, Packing
Orchids for Exhibitions, Insects and other Enemies, Diseases
of Orchids, Greenhouse and Frame Orchids. Making in all
the most complete work on Orchids ever published.

Price, 86.50 ; by mail post-paid.

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut St., Phila.

Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants

By Benj. S. Williams. P. R. H. S.

With descriptions of upwards of eleven hundred species and
varieties. Instructions for their cultivation and mode of manage-
uieut. Illustrated with uolored frontispiece and numerous
splendid illustrations. 686 pages, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth. Pric«
85.00. Sent by mail post- paid on receipt of price.

Address CHAS. H. MAROT.

814 Chestnut St.. PhllC

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
Pot-Rose,

by WM. PAUL.

02 pages, cloth, illnstrated. Price, 91 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

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Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said vaver to insure attention
Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER.

— ' — Gardeners' Monthly with American Agriculturist for flS2.85

" Florist 3.60

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Botanical Gazette for 3.60

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Special Combinations

Address

OHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this Ust,) will be sent by
mail, post-pi^cl, on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &C.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 4 50

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 300

Amateur's Greenhouse, Hibberd 3 00

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 300

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75

Bentham's British Flora. 2 vols 10 50

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole, Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 50

Breck's New Book of Flowers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 326

British Funpi, Cooke, colored plates 2 50

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 60

Carnation Culture, illustrated 1 50

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill'd 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 150

Chrysanthemum, The, Fish 25

Cook's British Fungi 1 50

Cook's Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Countrj' Walks, by a Naturalist, Hlustrated 1 76

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates 1 60

Fern Paradise,illd plain, S3 ; col . plates, 1.76 ; photos 5 00

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 150

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 150

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.) Nos., $2; bound vols. 2 75

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

Halliday's Camellia Culture 200 i

Hardy Flowers, Robinson 150

Heinrich's Window Flower Garden 76

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 1 50 '

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 1 50 j

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home 100 i

Orchids for Amateurs, Britten & Gower, ill'd 2 50 j

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 2 50 j

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, |30; cloth 15 00 j

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00

Paul's Book of Roses 50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 7 00

Paul's Roses in Pots 100

Parsons, Saml. B., on the Rose 1 50 i

Band's Bulbs 250

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Band's Garden Flowers 2 50

Band's Orchid Culture 3 50 i

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00 '

Band's Rhododendrons 1 50 '

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00 i

Robinson's English Flower Garden 6 00

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 3 76

Talks about Flowers, Mrs. Wellcome, paper, 60c.; cl. 1 00

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50

Two-Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers 1 25

Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 26

Villa Gardening 1 75

White's Gardening for the South 2 00

Wild Flowers, 2 vols.. Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 200

Wild Gai«den, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed. . . 6 50
Williams,B.S.,Stove & Greenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 6 00

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50 |

Window Gardening, Williams 150 I

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 125

Tour Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE,

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman.. 1 60

Apple Culturist, Todd 1 50

Bailey's Apple Culture, Illustrated 75

Barry's Fruit Garden 2 50

Bassett' s Cranberry Culture 30

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide 75

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 175

Du Breuil's Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 200

Elliott's Fruit Growers' Hand Book, pap'r, 60c. ; cl. 1 00

Fitz's Southern Apple and Peach Culturist, 1 50

Flagg's European Vineyards 1 60

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson 3 75

Fruit Growers' Friend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 1 50

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture 150

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed 50

Fulton on Peach Culture 160

Harazathy'8 Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 60'

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape Vine 1 00

My Vineyard at Lakeview 126

Nursery and Orchard, Peek 125

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 76

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 60

Quinn's Pear Culture for Prolit 100

Reemellns Wine-makers" Manual 1 26

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 26

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

White's Cranberry Culture 125

2000-aYear in Fruits and Flowers, Barnard 1 25-

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F, Rural Architecture 160

Architects'* Builders' P'k t Comp'n, cl., 1.60 ; tuck 2 00

Atwood'9 Country and Suburban Houses 150

A veling' Carpentry and J oinery 1 26

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 1 60

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 1 00

Carpenters and Joiner's Hand Book (Holly) 76

Cooper's Ruial Hours 200

Cottage Houses. Reed ' 125

Downing's Cottage Residences 300

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Fences, Gates and Bridges, Martin 1 OO

Harneys Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody ( Reed) 1 50

Jacques' Manual of the House 1 50

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Waring's Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 250

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 1 00

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward's Graperies and Hort. Buildings 1 00

Woodward's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Suburban and Country Houses 100

Woolett's Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 150

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

FuUers Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 1 50

Gordon's Pinetum 600

Hoopeson Evergreens 300

Hough s Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd .. 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 1 OO

Veitch's Manual of the Conifeiae, Illustrated 3 00

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 150

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Bom in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits. Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Half-Hours with Insects 250

Packard's Our Common Insects... 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 200

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Coulter' s Manual Rocky Mountain Botany 2 30

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisnel2 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 500

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, Ill'd 5 OO

Dragendorffs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardener's Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 100

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 3

SELLING OFF BULBS

AS LONG AS PRESENT STOCK LASTS WE OFFER AGAINST CASH:

HYACINTHS HYACINTHS HYACINTHS

IN MIXTURE OP MANY SHADES, FOR BEDDING OUT.

In Grade A per full 100, $1.75 ; per full 1000, $15.00

In Grade B " " 2.50; " " 22.50

If about even proportion of Red, White and Blue colors,

kept separate, or Grade C " " 4.00; " " 35.00

TULIPS TULIPS TULIPS

FOR BEDDING OUT, EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE.

D, in choice mixture per full 100 of either, $1.00

E, in superfine mixture per full 100 of either, $1.75 ; per 1000, $15.00

CROCUS CROCUS CROCUS

In mixed colors per full 100, 40 cts.; per full 1000, $3.00

Any color separate, per full 100, same price.

NARCISSUS NARCISSUS NARCISSUS

For Bedding Out, Single and Double Mixed per 100, $1.50

OTHER ITEMS AT LIST PRICES. REMIT BY P.O. MONEY ORDER.
NOW IS THE TIME TO PREPARE YOUR BULB FLOWER BEDS.

AUGUST ROLKER & SONS

44 Dey Street, New York City. P. 0. Box 899.
THE PRICES OF RARE TREES ^ SHRUBS.

/|»|\e are trying to extend a knowledge of many
VlAi/ beautiful things, now comparatively unknow^n.
Particularly have we endeavored to introduce the
,y ^ WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-

LATA, JAPAN SNOWBALL, FUCHSIA WEIGELA
or WEIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
^, ^ JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.

Thousands have been sold the past few years — but this
^v. _ is a great country, and thousands more will need them.

% ~~ Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low.

We think the prices of all our rare plants are lovir.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The draw^ing w^as, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It was sold afterwards for five
dollars, and is now growing at Newport, Rhode Island.
Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

&

o ...v» V..... ..... 6ERMANT0WN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA. ' *

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

L. SPATH

Established in 1758 | ^^ h^^ fA I 1^ 340 acres in culture

NURSERY, RIXDORF, BERLIN (GERMANY).

NOVELTY OF THE SEASON— ROSE, KROWNPRINZESSIN VICTORIA.

A yellowish sport of the celebrated SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. This rose excels by a splendid flower of
very delicate coloring, by its superb form, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained the First-class Cer-
tificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society for the kingdom of Prussia. Price : 20 shillings each ; 180
shillings per 10; 1600 shillings per 100. Catalogues, with colored picture of the rose, gratis and post free. n3

^^^VHB^VBH ■OLflll BBBHintroducers of thenew ■■ ^^ 1H ■■■ ^H^

Headquarters and lowest rates for ^" A T'^% IMI Black Grape, now first offered for sale.

aT EMPIRE STATE A NIAGARA CiM I U W T.S. HUEBABD CO.,Fredonia,N.Y,

P. & E. TR ANSON,

NURSERIES,

^ ORLEANS, FRANCE, ^

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1887 and 1888

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne,

5 & 7 S. William St., New York.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Prices of all the Frnit Tree Stocks, which are unusually cheap this season ;
va extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and Hardy Ornamental Plants, Climbers, the Hardiest and best Conifers
AiMl Roses on their own Roots. Also, Small Conifers, Decidaous and Evergreen Ornamental Trees, 1 and 3
;«ars' Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

4®-N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. td4

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN m, DEALERS

The Finest Stock of Apples, Standard and Dwarf A T^ T^nTTOM PPTPT^'Q!
Fear, Plum and Peach Trees ever offered to the Trade A 1 DU I 1 UlVi JT 1x10110 i

Also a full line of General Nursery Stock. "Write for particulars stating quantity, size,
varieties, etc., wanted.
m SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

WM I O U 1 1! II M CAD Do C D O for 'th'eTr produc tg"at "th't^? aoorsTno large
■n ■ m WM ■ B^ EM Wm r Uk W^ rai r* W% ^% or expensive freights^blizzards, tornadoes

most satisfac

tory farming.

For the

e no trouble in finding a ready market
■ " "acts at tl ■ ■

reights.b

s, but he

■ ■WiValV ■ ■•■ ■■■■ ^Dl H^^ or eartliquakes, but heal^j^nch soil and

Best FarmslS=SSS.300,00(mg?M

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Greenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HITCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

NEAR BLBECKER STREET,

NEW YORK.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.
Fivesizes. Patented, 1867. New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETT AND AT

IMPROVED

i RASH-RAISING APPARATUS,

Lifting-Rods for Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 logue, with References and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FRENCH FRUIT TREE STOCKS. CHEAP AND FIl

Per 10,000

QUINCE, Extra Choice, 7 m. and all over «50 00

No.l, " 5to7m 38 00

" No. 2, " 4to6m 20(10

PEAR, 1 yr., Extra Choice, 6 m. and all over 55 00

'• I yr., Choice, 5 m. and all over 50 00

" No.l, " 5to7m 32 00

" No. 2— 3 to 5 m., to be transplanted 12 00

" 2 yrs., Extra Choice, 8 m. and all over 55 00

" No. 1, Choice, 6 to 8 m 25 00

APPLES from Seeds 1 yr.. Extra Choice, 6 m. & all over 60 00

" " " lyr.,No. 1, " 4 to 6 m 35 01

" " " 2 yrs., trans., Extra Stout, 8715.... 75 00

No. 1-6 to 8 m 35 00

" Doucin from Layers, Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

" " " " No. 1, Choice, 5 to 7 m 36 00

" " " " No. 2, " 3 to 6 m 20 00

" " " Trans., Extra, 6 m. & over. 60 00
" " " " " No. I, Choice, 5 to 7m. 45 00

" Paradise " " Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

No. 1, " 5to7m 36 00

" " " " No.2, " 3to6m 20 00

PRUNUS, St. Julien, Extra Choice, 5 m. and over 50 00

'• " No.l, " 4 to 6 m 85 00

" No. 2—3 to 4 m 16 00

Per 10,000

PRUNUS Myrobolan, Extra Choice, 5 to 8 m S30 00

No.l, " 4 to 6 m 24 00

" " No. 2— 3 to 4 m 12 00

CERASUS avium, (IWazzardj, Extra Choice, 2, 3 to 5 ft. . 80 00
No. 1, Choice, 2, 2}^ to 3 ft . 50 00

Extra Choice, 13^ ft 32 00

No. 1— 1ft 20 00

" " " No.2-lft 1000

" St. Luin, Mahaleb, Extra Choice, 5 m.<fe all over 22 00

" " " No. I, Choice, 4 to 6 m 19 00

" No. 2-2 to 4 m 10 00

JUGLANS NIGRA, (Walnut Tree), 1 year, good 95 00

CASTANEA VESCA, (Chestnut Tree.) 1 year 14 00

2 years 30 00

'• " " " 3years 40 00

" " " " 4yea4-s 50 00

CORYLUS Common (Hazel), 1 year 17 00

2years 23 00

" 3 years 40 00

" 15 best sorts from layers, per 1000 8 70 00

CURRANTS. Iti of the best sorts, " 120 00

GOOSEBERRIES, from seeds 120 00

RASPBERRIES, 60 of the best sorts, per 1000 S22 00

STRAWBERRIES, 20 of the best sorts for market 60 00

PEAR SEEDS (pure Caresi variety^ Myrobolan and Mahaleb stones and seeds disposable by large quantity, low
rates; prices on application. FOREST TREES, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, young stocks from cuttings and seedlings
disposable by the 1,000,000. EVERGREENS, Abies excelsa, Pinus larix, &c., 1, 2, 3 to 6 years old, disposable by 100.000 of
each kind and choice. ROSES, own roots ; standards, half-standards, low budded, disposable by large quantities. BRIAR
SEEDLINGS, very fine, Manetti stocks, disposable by 100,000.

Note.— Special cheap prices and arrangements are made for orders. Send franco. New York, Baltimore, Boston,
New Orleans, Quebec.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France.

ALu MONEY ORDERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers, Messrs. JOHN MUNROE & CO., 32 Nassau St., N.Y.City.

Warranted Seed.

I have founded

^e-*

public are anxious to get their seed directly from the
Rrower. Raising a large proportion of my seed enables
jne to warrant its freshness and purity, as see my Vege-
table and Flower Seed Catalogue for 1888, FREE
for every son and daughter of Adam. It is
liberally illustrated with engravings niude directly
Irom photographs of vegetables grown on my seed
Besides an Immense variety of standard seed, you
will lind in it some valuable new vegetables not found in
tiv other catalogue. As the original introducer of the
Eclipse Beet, Burbank and Early Ohio Potatoes, Hubbard
S()uash, Deephead Cabbage, Cory Corn, and a score of other
"Uible vegetables, I invite the pntronage of the publ'c

„ , „ GEEGOBY, Marblehead, Mags.

JAMES J. H.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,
NO. 296 P£:.AlRI. STREEIT,
P. O. Box 2956. New York Citv.

« w. ^^JM. «.^t#v. REPRkaENfS IN THE UNITED STATES:

CLARK BROS. & CO., Nurserymen, Seedsa en and Florists, Carlisle, England.

O. (i. VAN TUBERG EN, Jr., Seedsman and Florist, Haarlem, Holland.

LEVAVASSEUR & FILS, Nurserymen and Florists, Ussy, France,

liENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, ........ Ussy, France.

PIERRE SEBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussy, France.

V. LEMOLNE. Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, .---.- Nancy, France.

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles, - - - OUioules, France.

C. PLATZ <fe SON, Seedsmen. Erfurt, Prussia.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, Lily of the Valley Pips, Hamburg, Germany.

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists,
whose Cataloffues will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution. fl2

ROSES IN POTS;

•bserradons on their Cultivation including the Autobiography of
i^-Bose,

by WM. PAUL.

92 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, SI 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt of price.

CHAS H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBIDSON.

With numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, Tocentt
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Fbila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER,

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, GraperieSf Conservatories, Bropagating Houses, For^

cing Pits, Public and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Rooms, and Heating Water for Baths.

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sidas of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

86 BEVERLY

ayia

STREET

BOSTON^

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Inproved lot Water Sdlers

FOR HS.A.T'irTG-

MiMm, Graperies, Cosmatories, Fropiatli Houses, &g.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. an

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BUSirrSSS DIRSCTOFtY.

^g' Send for conditions of insertion under this heading.*®ft

H.S.ANDERSON.WholesaleFruits.Plants, I ELLWANGER & BARRY, Fruit Trees.Small I THOMAS MEEHAN,

Ornamental, Union Springs, N.Y. | Fruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N. Y. | Nurseryman & Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

CEO. MULLEN,

Wholesale Florist,

No. IT CHAPMAN PLACE,

(Off School Street, near Parker House,)

1al2 BOSTON, MASS.

Orders by mail, telegraph, telephone or express promptly filled.

^BUDDED ROSES^

FOB WINTER FORCING ?['^?'"!Sn'l'A't:

Special offer : Following varieties equal quantities of each,
810 per 100; H. P. Anna de Diesbacli, La France, Gen.
Jacqueminot, Paul Neron, Comtesse of Oxford, Jules
Margottin, Queen of Queens, Anna Alexieff, Mme. Gabr.
Luizet, Mme. Knorr. Marie Bauman, Gloire Lyonnaise, Her
Majesty, Merveille de Lyon. Alfred Colomb. Also the fol-
lowing Tea Roses at S12 per 100 : Perle des Jardins, Mme.
Lambard, Marie van Houtte, Mme. Falcot, Mme. Charles,
Mdlle. Franzisca Krueger, Duchesse ]SIathilde, Cornelia
Cook. Catalogue on application. Bedded Plants in Dor-
mant condition of New H. P. E^rl of Dufferin— dark, nearly
black; New Tea, Miss Ethel Brownlow, similar to Mermet ;
New H. P., Lady Helene Stewart — bright carmine, very
free flowering ; all at $1 each. Cyclamen Persicum, fine
plants in buds, which will flower in Nov., 81 each. Ameri-
can Beauty, Bennett, Niphetos, Papa Gontler, in 6-in. pots,
60 cents each. Tony Schultheis.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

s6 Box 78, College Point, L.ong Island, N. Y.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGRAVER FOR FLORISTS,

SEEDSMI- NAKDNURSERIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale
cheap. Send 2Bc. for large illustrated
book and deduct from 1st order. No
one can compete with me in prices
for New work. ftf

Seeds, Seedlings and Stocks

/] HE new arrangements and increased area of our Nur-
I In series enable us to add largely to the quantity of
Vy Stocks grown, and thus offer them cheaper than ever
before. Since free trade in Nursery products has been in-
augurated, many stock raisers have iieen driven out of the
business. We have concluded to

REDUCE THE PRICE OF STOCKS

so that they shall be no higher than European, for all the
much higher wages we have to pay the American workman
—trusting to a largely increased sale to afford a margin of
profit. We have a fine stand of Apple, Mahaleb, Mazzard,
and of all the leading Ornamental Trees, for which our low
prices may be had on application.

THOMAS MEEHAN & SON,

Cermantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, Pa.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plantations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
Vines, Seeds and Seedlings for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
LowestPrices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS,

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

mlii2 Winona, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

DESIGN'S

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This Is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flo'wer Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs ■who wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
f often up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
t is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them." —JVetv England Homestead.
Address the publishers

GEO. A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, Mass.

FOB SAUL

The Best Retail and Wholesale Florist
and Seedsman's Business in the North-
west (population 150,000). Reasons for
selling, with full particulars, furnished
on application. Address,

BA.TA..

Care of Gardeners' Monthly.

Imported Plants, Bulbs, Seeds

SP£ CI AI-TIES =

ROMAN HYACINTHS, PAPER WHITE NARCIS-
SUS, LILIUM CANDIDUM and HARRISII, DUTCH
BULBS. HYACINTHS. TULIPS, NARCISSUS, AZALEA
INDICA and CAMELLIAS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
DWARF and TREE ROSES, CLEMATIS, RHODO-
DENDRONS, etc., etc. Orders for Fall delivery of Bulbs
and Plants now received. Catalogues on application.

C. H. JOOSTEN, Importer,

aptf 3 Coenties Slip, New York.

CARNATION ^IS^^. ' co'i."

tains the sum of information /NTTT '|^1 1 D X*
on this plant. Contents Free. \j\J AaJL%J XwJtjl

Price. SI. 50, post-paid. mhlO

LORA L. LAMBORN, Box 592, Alliance, Ohio.

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY KEV. T. W. MOORE, D.D.

16mo, cloth, 184 pages, fine paper. Price, $1.00; by maU,
post paid. Address, „ ^, .,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTUER.

THOMAS S. WARE,

Hale Farm Nurseries,

Totteoham, London, [nglaod,

Perpetual Carnations.

A very fine collection of really first-class

varieties.

Double Colored Pyrethrums.

Which include almost every shade of color
from pure white to deep crimson.

Double Pdeonies.

These are grown on a very extensive scale.
The collection being a most complete one
and including all the finest varieties in cul-
tivation.

Double and Single Begonias.

The European collections of these are the
finest extant, many of the new varieties
being of an exceptional size and the bright-
est colors.

Choice Flower Seeds.

In the best strains procurable, including
Pansy, Primula, Primrose, Cyclamen, &c.

Hardy and Tender Bulbs.

Every species and variety in cultivation, at
all decorative, is grown.

Chrysanthemums.

A large quantity of exceptionally strong
stools for exportation.

Detailed illustrated price lists wiU be mailed
free upon application.

THOMAS S. WARE,

n2 Hale Farm Nurseries,

Tottenham, London, [ngland.

r. F. F

FEGHTER'S

FAMOUS
FAIRIGON

The above cuts are made from photographs of the dis-
coverer of this -wonderful remedy, the first cut showing
him while perfectly bald, and the second after he had
restored hlshalrby means of the FAMOUS PAIRICON.
This preparation Is a perfectly harmless herb rem-
edy, the result of a scientific study of the causes
governing the growth of hair, and contains all the
elements of which hair is composed. Many have used
It who were entirely or partially bald, and in not a sin-
gle Instance has it failed to produce hair in from fifteen
to thirty days. We particularly Invite those who have
unsuccess fully tried some or all of the various so-called
hair tonics, restorers, &c., to make a test of the Falricon,
and we v:U\ guarantee that it brings about a new growth
unless the roots of the hair be entirely dried up, whicti
latter occurs very rarely and e.xists in perhaps not more
than five cases out of a hundred. Cases of fifteen years'
baldness have been cured and of any number of years,
even If double that, can be cured by the use of the
Falricon. Ko sugar of lead, nitrate of silver or other
poisonous substances are used. We back up these
remarks by offering

S1,000 REWARD,

pa.ya.ble to nnyonc who wiU pro\'e that our
statements arc not correct.

FAIRirO\' ^'o. 1, price 50 cents per bottle, Is for
hi-ads entirely or partially bald, to stimulate a new
growth of hair.
FAIRI('0\ No. 2, price 75 cents per bottle. Is used
after the new hair has made its appearance, and if
applied as directed, the entire restoration of the hair
Is a certainty.
F.VIRI<;0\ \o. 3, price 75 cents per bottle, is a mod-
ification of Falricon No, 2, and Invaluable as a HAIR
DRESSER, especially for ladies. If applied to the
head occasionally, It will renew the growth of hair
that is falling out, keep it smooth and glossy, remove
all dandruff and keep the scalp perfectly clean. IT
IS A CERTAIN RE'aIEDY FuR ALL DISEASES
OF TBB SCALP and will preserve the hair of anyone
using it, for the balance of life. While it is used,
neither total nor partial baldness need be feared.
FEGHTER'S FAMOL'S FAIRICOK Is for sale by all
druggists or can be sent by tlie manufacturers on receipt
of price. On application we mail a circular giving the
history of the discovery of this remedy, testimonials
from those who have used it and a treatise on the
hair, explaining how to preserve and care for It.

H. A. fEOHTER & CO,, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

GOOD

AGENTS WANTED

Ladies ^^ Gentlemen

to canvass for Subscriptions to 2,500 dif-
ferent Newspapers and IVIagazines. Good
pay. Send for 100-page Catalogue. Ad-
dress, JOHN R. REED, Box 83, Canton, O.

MASON & HAMLIN
ORGANS

The cabinet organ was in-
troduceil in its present form
by Mason & Hamlin in 1861.
I Other makers followed in
^•mmtmmmmmm^m^^^^m^ the manufacture of these
instruments, but the Mason & Hamlin Organs have
always maintained their supremacy as the best in
the world.

Mason & Hamlin offer, as demonstration of the
unequaled excellence of their organs, the fact that
at all of the great World's Exhibitions, since that of
Paris, 18(57, iu competition with best makers of all
countries, they have invariably taken the highest
honors. Illustrated catalogues free.

Mason & Hamlin's Piano

Stringer was introduced by

them in 1882, and has been

pronounced by experts the

imm^^^mtammi^^m^mm ''greatest Improvement in

pianos in half a century."

A circular, containing testimonials from three

hundred purchasers, musicians, and tuners, sent,

together witli descripl i ve catalogue, to any appl icant.

Pianos and Organs sold for cash or easy payments;

also rented.

MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN & PIANOCO.

154Tremont St., Boston. 46 E. 14th St. (Union Sq.),N.Y.
2^ . 149 Wabash Ave., Chicago.

IN THE SELECTION OF

A CHOICE CIFT

For Pastor, Piuent, Tca.hor, Child, or
Friend.bothelegaiK-eaniln-.'liilucss will he found
combined in a cojiy of Webster's Unabridged.

PIANOS.

ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL.

— ~ TH«S NEW

ELASTIC TRUSS

Has a Pad ditterent from all
others, is cup shace. with Self-
adjusting Ball in center,adapt3
itself to all pasitions of the
body while the ball in the cup
presses back the intes-
_ tines just as a person
does with the finger, with light pressure the Her-
nia is held securely day and night, and a radical cure
certain. It is easy, durable and chean. Sent by mail. Cir-
culaxsfree. EGGIiESTOH TBCSS CO., Chicago, 111.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lblano.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price Si. 50; mailed, post-paid on re-
ceipt of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MABOT. 814 Chestnut St.. Fhila

AND GOT BUILDINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket,
257 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, £1.50. Mailed,
postpaid on receipt of price. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut St.

Besides many other valuable features, it contains

A Dictionary

of 118,000 Words, GOOO En!<ravings,

A Gazetteer of the World

loeatin.a: ,iiid ilescribint; ■2n,iinO Places,

A Biographical Dictionary

of nearly 10,000 Kotc ■! Persons,

All in One Book.

3000 more Words and nearly 2000 more Illustra-
tions than any other American Dictionary.
Sold by all Booksellers. Pamphlet free.
G. & C. MERRIAM & CO. , Pub'rs, Springfield, Masa

SENT FREE

A S.\5irLE NO. OF THE

Phrenological
Journal,

A magazine of Hi:ma>
V^"^'" 35 000 Sold " '"^^f f^'ATVRE for every body
now TO STUDY THEM ^~-^ ^ ^''^''' ^^- ^ "~
.V iuuiMiici 1 iiiiractei- k, -ail- and a list of BOOKSon
i'e;- f..r the p(-<ii.l.>. an iiitenselv phrenolo^'y, Physiogno
'"EverXdvsh^mld 'read i^"y.neaUh, Heredity,
•yn) iiatrcs, yio'fine illus. 4()cts. Send address on postal,
dl FOWLER & WELLS CO., 775 Bron<l\v-nv, N Y

VILLA GARDENING

A HAND-BOOK FOR AMATEURS AND
PRACTICAL GARDENERS.

BY EDWARD HOBDAY,
Author of "Cottage Gardening."
5.55 pages, 12mo, cloth. Mailed for 81.75, postage free,
ArUlre^s OH AS. H. MAROT. 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

CAPE COD CRANBERRIES

BY JAMES WEBB.
Paper, 32 pages, 12mo. Illustrated. Price, 40 cts. ; by maU,
pjst-paid. Address, „ ,^, .,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., PhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FOR AMATEURS.— GREATLY IMPROVED.

1872-THE AMERICAN GARDEN-1888

A MONTHLY COMPENDIUM OP PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE.

Written by practical gardeners, fruit-growers, florists, landscape gardeners and specialists, in all sections of the country.

For City House, Villa and Country Place.

For Village Garden and Town Garden.

For Lawn, Ornamental Grounds and Landscape Gardening.

For Window Garden, Greenhouse and Conservatory.

For Home Garden and Market Garden.

For Orchard, Vineyard and Plantation.

For Gardener, Fruit Grower, Florist, Seed Grower, Nurseryman, Market Gardener, Country
Gentleman, Farmer, Professional Man and Mechanic; Men Women, everybody interested iu
gardening on a large or small scale.

For aU sections, climates and soils.

The AMERICAN GARDEN is a large iUustrated monthly magazine of horticulture : quarto,
36 to 52 pages ; adapted to the wants of beginners or experienced gardeners ; from the cultivator of
a window garden or of a few rods, to the proprietor of the commercial establishment or large farm.

PRICE, ONLY $1.00 PER YEAR; SINGLE COPIES, 10 CENTS.

-IN CLUB WITH THE-

Qrairde:n6:rs' A/Yonthly

-PUBLISHEI> BY-

E. K. LIBBY, 751 Broadway, New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

GI.UB PAPXSRS ^ NKT PRICXSS

49- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS. -«5«

Toa can add the GARDENERS' MONTHLY in Clab at 81.75; provided arrears are paid in fall.

AU the Year Round 3 90

American Angler 2 25

" Agriculturist 1 10

" Apiculturist (Bee Culturist).. 90

" Architect, Imperial Edition.. 8 50

" Regular " ..1-10

" Bazar 1 25

" Dairyman, new $1.25,renewals 1 50

" Farmer 90

" Garden 85

" Journal ot Science & Art 5 25

" Machinist 2 30

" Magazine 2 65

" Naturalist, new 3.45; renewals 3 60
" Poultry Journal & Record — 85

" Rural Home 65

" Teacher 90

Andover Review 3 35

Art Amateur 3 25

Art Interchange 3 00

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 60

Atlantic Monthly 3 35

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland '. 45

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint... 2 90

BookBuyer 90

Boston Med. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 1 90

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World 125

Build'r&Woodwork'r,new80; ren. 90

Canadian Horticulturist 1 00

" Live Stock Journal 85

Cassell's Family Magazine 1 35

Caterer, The, 1 00

Carpentry andBuilding 80

Century, The 3 65

Chautauquan, The 1 45

Chautauqua Young Folks Journal 1 00

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new 82.25. ren'w 3 00

Christian Union 2 75

Church Review 4 00

Cincinnati Graphic News 3 25

Colman's Rural World 1 20

Constitution, Atlanta, weekly 1 15

Contemporary Review, reprint 4 25

Cosmopolitan, The 2 50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 60

Critic 2 60

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest's Magazine 1 70

Descriptive American 4 50

Detroit Free Press, Weekly 1 00

Deutsches Garten-Magazin 2 90

Druggists' Circular, new, subs 1 40

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, original 3 35

" " reprint 2 90

Education, Bi-monthly 3 50

Ehrich's Fashion Quarterly 50

Electrical Review 2 50

Empire State Agriculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 "50

'♦ Monthly Reviews, each... 4 25
" " " the three 11 75

" Quarterly " each 2 90

" " " the four . 10 25

Engineering & Mining Journal. ... 3 25

Farm and Home 50

FarmJournal,Phila.subs.42c;other8 30

Farmer's Home Journal 1 25

Farm, Field and Stockman 1 a5

Floral Instructor 45

Folio (Musical) 1 25

Forest and Stream 3 25

Fortnightly Review, reprint 4 25

Forum, The 4 50

Frank Leslie's Budget, monthly. . . 1 95
" " Chatterbox. annu'ly... 80

" " Illustrated Weekly.... 3 40

" " Illustrite Zeitung 3 40

" " Popular Monthly 2 65

" " Pleasant H'rs, mont'ly 1 55

" " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'w81.65new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Lady Book 1 60

Golden Days 2 50

Good Housekeeping 2 15

Good Cheer 40

Good Words, English Ed 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 7 00

" " " 6 mos 3 75

" " " 3 mos 2 25

" (Weekly) 175

Green's Fruit Grower 35

Hair s Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Young People 1 65

Herald of Health 90

Home Decoration 1 50

Household 90

Humboldt Library of Science 1 2.5

Illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

Illustrated London News 8 75

Indiana Farmer 1 00

Interior, new subs., 81 90. renewals 2 35

InterOcean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 35

" " daily, including Sunday 9 50

Iron Age, monthly l 15

Iron Trade Review 2 25

Journal des Roses 3 00

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly)... 5 40

Journalof Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Franklin Institute 4 2-5

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Philology, Eng.,3^yr'ly 2 30
Journalof Speculative Philosophy 2 50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

L'Art 10 00

Library Journal 4 50

Lippincott's Magazine 2 50

Literai-y World,new81.75;renew.. 1 90

Littell's. Living Age 8 00

Little Folks 1 30

London Anthenaeum 5 00

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 4 30

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardening, Illustrated 1 80

London Gardening World 2 15

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 35

" " " reprint.. 2 90

L'Orchidophile 3 75

Macmillatf s Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History... 4 25

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 15

Maryland Farmer 90

Methodist, The 1 75

Nation, The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New England Homestead 2 25

New York Evening Post, daily.... 8 30
" " " " semi-w'kly, 2 80

" " Fashion Bazar,monthlv... 2 40

Herald, weekly ".... 1 00

Medical Journal, w'kly ... 4 75

New York Independent, ft yr. only 82 75

" " Times, weekly 1 00

" " Times, semi-weekly 2 35

" " Tribune, weekly l 10

" " Tribune, semi-weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weekly 1 00

" " World, weekly & Premium 1 00

Nineteenth Century, reprint 4 25

Notes and Queries, London 5 50

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Parmer 1 00

Open Court 3 00

Orchid Album 15 00

Our Country Home 50

Our Dumb Animals 50

Our Little Men and Women 90

OurLittleOnesA The Nursery 1 36

Outing 2 50

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 90

Peterson's Magazine 1 65

Philad'a Press, daily 86.75 ; weekly. 95

" WeeklyTimes 165

" Daily " 2 80

" Sunday " 1 65

" MedicalTimes 175

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. 81.90; no pr.. 1 75

Popular Educator 80

Popular Gardening & Fruit Record'r 85

Popular Science Monthly 4 25

Popular " News,new, 90; renew. 1 00

Portfolio, The 7 00

Poultry Bulletin 90

Poultry Nation 65

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 15

Practical Farmer 1 25

Practitioner, Medical 3 15

Prairie Farmer 1 30

Presbyterian 2 65

Puck 4 25

Queries 90

Quiver l 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Revue Horticole 4 10

Revue de 1' Horticulture Beige 2 90

Rural Californian,new81.20;ren'w 1 40
Rural New Yorker, & Seed Prem.. 1 85

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Saturday Evening Post 1 75

School Journal 2 50

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 65

" " Supplement 4 20

" " .feSupt. together... 6 00

Scribners' Magazine 2 65

Shorthand Guide 40

Shorthand Writer 1 75

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

Sunday Magazine, English 2 25

Swiss Cross 1 45

Teachers' Institute 1 25

The Present 90

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

Treasure Trove 1 00

U. S. Official Postal Guide 1 35

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine . 95

Watchman new 82 25; renew 2 50

West American Scientist 75

Western Agriculturist 80

Western Machinist 60

Western Rural 1 56

Westminster Review (reprint) .... 2 90

Wide Awake 2 20

Youth's Companion 1 75

Sun, weekly 100

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of said paper to insure attention.
Remit by P.O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER.

— Gardeners' Monthly with American Agriculturist for »2.85

~ ■ " " " Florist 2.50

Garden 2.60

" " Botanical Gazette for 3.50

" " Horticultural Art Journal for 3.50

" " The Cosmopolitan for 3.76

Special Combinations

Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) Trill be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address. CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. &c.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 450

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 3 00

Amatenr's Greenhouse, Hibberd 3 00

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 300

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75

Bentham's British Flor;i. 2 vols 10 50

Book about Roses, S. R. Hole, Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 50

Breck's New Book of Flowers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 325

British Kungi, Cooke, colored plates 2 50 |

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 50 1

Carnation Culture, illustrated 1 50 I

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., Ill'd 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 150

Chrysanthemum. The, Fish 25

Cooks British Fungi ] 50

Cook's Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Illustrated 1 75 |

Ellwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 1 00

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15 I

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates 150 |

Fern Paradise,iirdplain.*3; col. plates, 1.75; photos 5 00 |

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith). 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 1 ."iO I

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 1 .50

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.j Nos., $2; bound vols. 2 75 l

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

Halliday's Camellia Culture ,. 2on i

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 1 50 '

Heinrich's Window Flower Garden 75

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 150]

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home ] OO |

Orchids for Amateurs, Britten & Gower, ill'd 2 50 ^

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 2.50

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, |30; cloth 15 00

Ornamental Gardening for Americans, Long 2 00

Paul's Book of Roses .50

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 7 00 '

Paul's Roses in Pots 1 oO i

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose 1,50

Rand's Bulbs 250

Rand's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Rand's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture 3 50 i

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 GO

Rand's Rhododendrons 1 50

Rand's Window Gardener 1 00

Robinson's English Flower Garden 6 00 '

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, "Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 375

TalksaboutFlowers, Mrs.Wellcome,paper,60c.;cl, 100

Thomson's Wayside Weeds 2 50

Two Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers 1 25 I

"Vick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 26 1

"Villa Gardening 1 75

White's Gardening for the South 200

Wild Flowers, 2 vols., Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 2 00 i

Wild Garden, Robinson 4 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, fith Ed. . . 6 50 1

"Williams,B.S.,Stove&Greenh'sePlants,2vo]s.ill'd 500 '

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50 :

"Window Gardening, Williams 150

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Tour Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman.

Apple Culturist, Todd.

Bailey's A pple Culture, Illustrated

Barry's Fruit Garden

Bassett's Cranberry Culture

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide

Downing's Friiits and Fruit Trees of America

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture

Du Breuils Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden)

Elliott s F'ruit Growers Hand Book, pap r, 6i)c. ; cl.

Fitz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist,

Flagg s European Vineyards

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson

Fruit Growers" Friend, Haines

Fuller's Grape Culturist

Fuller s Small F'ruit Culture

Fuller's Strawberry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed
Fulton on Peach Culture

160

150

75

2.50

2 0(1
100 '
1.50
150

3 75
30

150

150

50,

I6OI

Harazathy's Grape Culture and Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 50

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape "Vine 100

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 26

Nursery and Orchard, Peek 125

Orange Culture, Moore 1 00

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 76

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter. paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 50

Quinn's Pear Culture for ProUt 100

Reemelln's Wine-makers" Manual 125

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 26

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

Whites Cranberrv Culture 125

2000-a Year in Fruits and Flowers, Barn.ii d 1 25

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Architecture 160

Architects'* Builders P k t Comp'n, cl., 1.50 ; tuck 2 00

A twood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 1 26

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 150

Building Construction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 1 00

Carpenter s and Joiner s Hand Book (Holly) 76

Coojier's RuTal Hours 200

Cottage Hoiases, Reed 125

Downing s Cottage Residences 300

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Fences, Gates and Bridg. s. M:irtin 100

Harney s Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home I'.uilders, King 1 50

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 160

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter s and Builders' Guide 150

Waring s Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheelers Homes for the People 2 50

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

Woodward's Country Homes 100

Woodward s Grai^eries and Hort. Buildings 1 OO

Woodward 's National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Sul)urban and Country Houses 100

Wooletfs Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans. Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 125

Downing's Landscape Gardening 6 50

Elliott's Landscape Gardening, cloth 1,50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fullers Forest Tree Culturist 100

Fuller's Practical Forestry 150

Gordon's Pinetum 6 00

Hoopeson Evergreens 3 00

Hough's Fjlements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 250

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd .. 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 100

Veitch's Manual of the Conifeise, Illustrated 3 00

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 1.50

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insectiv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy Insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 1 00

Insects Injurious to Fruits,. Saunders 3 00

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 600

Packard's Halt-Hours with Insects 2 50

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat"s Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Seal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hay ward 175

Chapman's P'lora of Southern United States 4 00

Coulter's Manual Roiky Mountain Botany 2 30

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyt'l Bot., LeMaout & Decaisne 12 ,50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 5 00

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, 111 d 5 00

DragendorlTs Plant Analysis 2 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Beliave 65

Gray's How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons oh Botany lOO

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

CHOICEST FLOWER SEEDS

FOR FLORISTS' USE.

WHOLESALE LIST FOR 1888~N0W READY,

MAILED FREE TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.

Headquarters for the Best Lily of the Valley Forcing
Pips, fine stock on hand for prompt shipment. Apply for
terms, stating quantity desired.

Address :

August Rolker:^Sons

p. 0. Box 899, or 44 Dey Street, NEW YORK.
THE PRICES OF RARE TREES ^ SHRUBS.

M

jE are trying to extend a knowledge of many
beautiful things, now comparatively unknown
Particularly have w^e endeavored to introduce the
WEEPING DOGWOOD, HYDRANGEA PANICU-
LATA, JAPAN SNOWBALL. FUCHSIA WEIGELA
or WEIGELA FLORIBUNDA, BLOOD -LEAVED
JAPAN MAPLE, and lots of other good things.
Thousands have been sold the past few years — but this
is a great country, and thousands more w^ill need them.
Rare and beautiful as they are, their prices are low^.

We think the prices of all our rare plants are low.
We give with this a cut of the rare JAPAN UM-
BRELLA PINE. There is, perhaps, nothing more
rare, more hardy or more beautiful among Evergreens.
The draw^ing w^as, of course, made from our best sale-
able specimen plant. It was sold afterwards for five
dollars, and is now growing at Newport, Rhode Island.

Our Illustrated Catalogue of Rare Plants sent free
for six cents.

&

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

L. SPATH

Established in 1758 | ^^ r^ /\ I ft ^^^ acres in culture

NURSERY, RIXDORF, BERLIN (GERMANY).

NOVELTY OF THE SEASON— ROSE, KROWNPRINZESSIN VICTORIA.

A yellowish sport of the celebrated SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. This rose excels by a splendid flower of
very delicate coloring, by its superb foiin, and is exceedingly free in blooming. It obtained the First-class Cer-
tificate of Merit from the Horticultural Society tor the kingdom of Prussia. Price : 20 shillings each ; 180
shillings per 10; 1600 shillings per 100. Catalogues, with colored picture of the rose, gratis and post free. u3

HfllBK MU BV^BB ^i^i^i'i' FRUITS. Wm H MHob ^^^

V||MflAr^EI^^'Ho3^s W IHiE^A

^^P^H ■■ Vi^l^ ^KAHl i^^Wintroducers of the new ^B ^H ^H sH HHI ^^^^

Headquarters and lowest rates for ^ A TF^^ |^ Black Grape, now erst offered for sale.

s7 EMPIRE STATE & NIAGARA KM I 1/ H T. S. HU££A£D CO.,Predonia,K.7,

P. & E. TRANSON,

NURSERIES,

^ ORLEANS, FRANCE, ^

Beg to inform their American friends and customers generally that their

New List for 1887 and 1888

Is now ready and may be had on application to

Messrs. Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne,

5 & 7 S. William St., New York.

This Catalogue contains Wholesale Price.s of all the Fruit Tree stocks, which are unusually cheap this season ;
an extensive list of Fruit Trees, New and Hardy Ornamental Plants. Climbers, the Hardiest and best Conifers
and Roses on their own Koots. Also, Small Conifers, Deciduous and Evergreen Ornamental Trees, 1 and 2
years' Seedlings, most useful for Nurserymen.

j8®"N. B.— The greatest attention given to packing. td4

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN ^^EALERS

The Finest Stock of Apple, Dwarf Pear, Plum A 'T' PnTTHlV/r DDTPT7QI

and Peach Trees ever offered to the TRADE A 1 D\J 1 1 UlVl T AILJLO !

EXTRA SIZE AND FIRST-CLASS STANDARD PEAR.

Also a full line of General Nursery Stock. Write for particulars stating quantity, size,
varieties, etc., wanted.
3'9 SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB, Syracuse, N. Y.

Have no trouble in finding a ready market
for their products at their doors, no largo

MICHIGAN FARMERS

uiust Batisfac-»a _ _ ■ ^^_. ^ ^ at l.jwcst prices, long time, AAA AAA

'-^'!^'i^ Best FarinSo:^ii^^^^i^n?i^:iich.300,0u0

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Qreenhouse Meating

AND

Ventilating Apparatus.

HiTCHINGS & CO.,

[Established, 1844.]

No. 233 Mercer Street,

NEAR BLEBCKBR STREET,

NEW YORK.

^*->w-,i^^-

Base-Burning Water Heater

Three sizes. Patented, 1873.

Corrugated Fire-box Boiler.

Fiveslzes. Patented, 1867, New Patterns, 1873.

FOUR PATTERNS OF BOILERS

-EIGHTEEN SIZES.-

ALSO,

HEATING PIPES,

EXPANSION TANKS,

STOP-VALVES AND

PIPE FITTINGS

IN GREAT VARIETY AND AT

IMPROVED

Si! f^ASH-RAISING APPARATUS.

Lifting-Rods for Saslies,

Etc., Etc.

Improved Saddle Boiler. Send 4 cents postage for Illustrated Oata-

Five sizes. New Patterns 1877 loguo, with ReferencBS and Prices.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

FRENCH FlIT TREE STOCKS. CHEAP AND FINE

Per 10,000

9UINCE, Extra Choice, 7 m. and all over 850 00

" No. 1, " 5to7ra 38 00

" No. 2, " 4to6m 20 00

PEAR, 1 jr., Extra Choice, 6 m. and all over 55 00

" 1 yr., Choice, 5 m. and all over 50 00

" No. 1, " 5to7m .32 00

" No. 2— .S to 5 m., to be transplanted 12 00

" 2 yrs., Extra Choice, 8 m. and all over 55 00

" No. ], Choice, 6 to 8 m 25 00

APPLES from Seeds 1 yr., Extra Choice, 6 m. & all over 60 00

" " lyr.. No. 1, " 4 to 6 m 35 0)

" " " 2 yrs., trans., Extra Stout, 8715 75 00

" " " " No. 1—6 to 8 m 35 00

•' Doucin from Layers, Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

" " " " No. 1, Choice, 5 to 7 m 36 00

" " " No. 2, " 3 to 6 m 20 00

" " " " Trans., Extra, 6 m. & over. 60 00

" " " " " No. 1, Choice, 5 to 7 m. 45 00

" Paradise " " Extra Choice, 6 m. and over 50 00

" " " " No. I, " 5 to 7 m 36 00

" " " " No.2, " 3to6m 20 00

PRUNUS, St. Julien, Extra Choice, 5 m. and over 50 00

'■ " No. 1, " 4 to 6 m 35 00

" " No. 2—3 to 4 m 16 00

Per 10,000

PRUNUS Myrobolan, Extra Choice, 5 to 8 m 830 00

No. 1, " 4to6m 24 00

" " No.2— 3to4m 12 00

CERASUS avium, (Mazzard), Extra Choice, 2, 3 to 5 ft. . 80 00
No. 1 . Choice, 2. 23^ to 3 ft . 50 00

" " " Extra Choice, IK tt 32 00

" No. 1-1 ft 20 00

" " " No.2-lft 1000

" St. Luin.Mahaleb, Extra Choice, 5 m. & all over 22 00

No. 1, Choice, 4 to 6 m 19 00

" No. 2— 2 to 4 m 10 00

JUGLANS NIGRA, (Walnut Tree). I year, good 95 00

CASTANEA VESCA, (Chestnut Tree,) 1 year 14 00

2years 30 00

'• " " " 3years 40 00

*' '* 't ti A vea.rs 50 00

CORYLUS Common (Hazel), 1 year '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 17 00

2years 23 00

" " 3 years 40 00

" 15 best sorts from layers, per 1000 8 "0 00

CURRANTS. 1(1 of the best sorts, " 120 00

GOOSEBERRIES, from seeds 120 00

RASPBERRIES, 60 of the best sorts, per 1000 S22 fO

STRAWBERRIES, 20 of the best sorts for market 60 00

PEAR SEEDS (pure Caresi variety^. Myrobolan and Mahaleb .stones and seeds disposable by large quantity, low
rates; prices on application. FOREST TREES, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, young stocks from cuttings and seedlings
disposable by the 1,000,000. EVERGREENS, Abies excelsa, Pinus larix, Ac, 1, 2, 3 to 6 years old, disposable by 100.000 of
£^vi.. .r.«^"'^ choice. ROSES, own roots ; standards, half-standards, low budded, disposable by large quantities. BRIAR
SEEDLINGS, very fine, Manetti stocks, disposable by 100,000. ^' j s i

Note.— Special cheap prices and arrangements are made for orders. Send franco. New York, Baltimore, Boston,
New Orleans, Quebec. '

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Pans, France.

ALL MONEY ORDERS and DEPOSITS must be done with my Bankers, Messrs. JOHN MUNROE & CO.. 32 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

Warranted Seed.

I have founded
my business on
the belief that
the public are anxious to get their eeed directly from the
grower. Raising a large proportion of my seed enables
me to warrant its Ireshness and purity, as see my Vege-
table and Flower Seed Catalogue for 1888, FKEE
for every son and daughter of Adam. It is
liberally lllubtrated with engravings made directly
from photographs of vegetables grown on my seea
farms. Besides an immense variety of standard seed, you
will find in it some valuable new vegetables not found in
ny other catalogue. As the original introducer of the
Eclipse Beet, Burbank and Early Ohio Potatoes, Hubbard
Squash, Deephead Cabbage, Cory Corn, and a score of other
valuable vegetables, I invite the pitronage of the public.

JAMES J. H. GREGORT, Jllarblehead, Mags.

C. RAOUX'S NURSERYMEN'S AGENCY.

Established in 1857,

STREET,

New York City.

NO. 236 PEAFtLi
P. O. Box 2956.

REPRhaE>irs IN THE UNITED STATES

CLARK BROS & CO. Nurserymen, Seedsii en and Florists, Carlisle, England.

U. G. VAN TUBE,R(jJEN, Jr., Seedsman and Klorist, ----... Haarlem flolland

ff^i^f-^^J^TVI^o^V ^^'^' Nurserymen and Florists Ussy, France

liENAULT HUET, Nurseryman and Florist, Ussv France

PTTCRRF. SKHrRTT. Xiir«orvii,Qr> Q,»i p'i^..;c+ ..... Ussv France

PIERRE 8EBIRE, Nurseryman and Florist,

V. LEMOINE, Floiist; new varieties of Plants a specialty, -

FRANCIS REBUFA, Roman Hyacinths and other Bulbs and Immortelles,

C. PLATZ <fe SON, Seedsmen.

ERNEST RIEMSCHNEIDER, Florist, I.ily of the Valley Pips,

wbose Catalogrue

And many other European Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists

1 will be sent to all applicants, free of expense, as soon as they are received for distribution.

Nancy, France.
Ollioules, France.
Erfurt, Prussia.
Hamburg, Germany.

ROSES IN POTS;

observations on their Cultivation including the Autobioeraphv of
Pot-Bose,

byWM. PAUL.

98 pages, cloth, illustrated. Price, «1 00

Sent Prepaid by mail on receipt ol price.

CHAS H. MAROT. 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

ITS EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT,

BY WM. ROBINSON.

\Vith numerous illustrations, 172 pages, cioth. Price, 75 cents
Mailed, post paid, on receipt of price.

CHAS. H. MAROT, S14 Chestnut St.. FhUa.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

Medal and Diploma awarded by the U. S. Centennial Com-
mission, 1876, also Gold Medal and Diploma Awarded at the
Exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion, held in Boston, 1878.

Patent Improved

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

RETURN FLUE

BOILER.

Patent

PORTABLE CELLULAR
FIRE BOX

BASE BURNER

BOILER.

FOR HEATING

Greenhouses, Graperies^ Conservatories^ JPropagating Souses, For^

cing Pits, JPublic and Private Buildings, Schools, Drying

Booms, and Heating Water for Baths,

ALSO KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND

Expansion Tanks, Evaporating Pans, Stop Valves, Cast Iron Pipe, Elbows, Tees, Branches, Pipe
Chairs and everything necessary, of the best material, for Greenhouse Heating.

Smith's Improved Ventilating Apparatus, for opening and closing Ventilating Sash, on roof or
sides of Greenhouses and Graperies.

Judges' Report on awards, with descriptive illustrated circular containing testimonials and
reference. Also price list furnished on application to

m7l2 BOSTON, IMCJSlSS.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

hpmel lol Water toilers

FOR lElE ATXNG

GrfifiilflBses, Graprles, CoisBrvatflrles, Propaiatii Hoises, &c.

SECTIONAL VIEW.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

THOMAS W. WEATHERED,

Nos. 46 & 48 MARION STREET,

NEW YORK.

TWO BLOCKS EAST OF BROADWAY, BET. SPRING AND PRINCE STREETS. dU

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

BXTSIXrSSS DIRECTORY.

• Send for conditions of insertion under this heading."

H. S. ANDERSON.Whoksale Fruits, Plants,
Ornamenial, Union Springs, N. Y.

HUGO BEYER, Garden Flower Seeds,

New London, Iowa.

ELLWANGER& BARRY, Fruit Trces.Small

Fruits, Roses, &c., Rochester, N. Y.

THOMAS MEEHAN,

Nur>iei-yman& Tree Seeds, Germant'n, Phil.

REASONER BROS., Tropical & Sub-Trop.
Trees and Plants, Manatee, Kla.

HIRAM SIBLEY & CO., Novelties List .888,
Rochester, N.Y.

SIDNEY TUTTLE & CO., General Nursery
Stock, Bloomington, Ills

WILEY & CO., General Nurserymen and
Importers, Cayuga, N. Y.

^BUDDED ROSES^

FOR WINTER FORCING ri;'"!nrf'i?i"-f;

Special offer: Following varieties equal quantities of each,
$10 per ItX); H. P. Anna de Diesbach, La France, Gen.
Jacqueminot, Paul Neron. Coiutesse of Oxford, Jules
Margotrin, Queen of Queens, Anna Aiexieff, Mine. Gabr.
Luizet, Mine. Knorr, Marie Haunian, (iloire Lyonnaise, Her
Majesty, Merveille de I^yon, Alfred Colonib. Also the lol-
lowing'l'ea Roses at S12"per IdO: Perle des Jardins, Mme.
Lambard, Marie van Houtte, Mine. Falcot, Mme. CUiarles,
Mdlle. Franzisca Krueger, Duchesse Mathllde, Corneliai
Cook. Catalo'^ue on apidication. Bedded Plants in Dor-
mant condition of New H. P. Earl of Dufferin— dark, nearly
black ; New Tea, Mis* Ethel Biownlow, similar to Mermet ;
New H. P., l^ady Hel^ne Stewart — bright carmine, very
free flowering ; all at SI each. Cyclamen Persicuni, fine
plants in buds, which will flower iii Nov., 81 each. Ameri-
can beauty, Bennett, Niphetos, Papa Gentler, in 6-in. pots,
60 cents each. Tony Schultheis.

SCHULTHEIS BROS.,

S6 Box 78, College Point, Long Island, N. Y.

PHILADELPHIA.

ENGBAVER FOR FLORISTS,

'•imSMl KAKDMBSEBIMEN

10,000 Electros for above. For sale

( heap. Send 25c. for large illustrated

book and deduct from 1st order. No

one can ('oinpete with me in prices

New work. ftf

Seeds, Seedlings and Stocks

7\ HE new arrangements and increased area of our Nur-
I In seiies enal>le us to add largely to the quantity of
Vl^ Stocks grown, and tlms offer them cheaper than ever
before. Since free trade in Nursery products has been in-
augurated, many stock raisers have leeu driven out of the
business. We liave concluded to

REDUCE THE PRICE OF STOCKS

so that they shall be no higher than European, for all the
much higher wages we have to pay the American workman
—trusting to a largely increased sale to afford a margin of
profit. We have a fine stand of Apple, Mahaleb, Mazzard,
and of all the leading Ornamental Trees, for which our low
prices may be had on application.

THOMAS MEEHAN & SON,

Cermantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, Pa.

s

IBLEY'S TESTED SEED

I'iTALOGDB Free ' Containing
all the latest novelties and stand
ard varieties of Garden, Field and
Flower Seeds Gardeners ev
where should consult it before
parchaswg. Sti>cks pure and fresh, prices reasonable.

s

ja4

CrrnQ a pkt. tomato seeds (12 choice kinds); pkt.
OttUO CABBAGE seeds (9 choice kinds), early and
late of each, and 1 year's subscription to the Farm and
Oarden Revie>i<, a journal full of Fruit, Flowers, Vegeta-
bles, Fancy Stonk. etc., 30 cents. (Silver or postal note.)
ja3 F. B. MILLS, Seedsman, Thorn Hill, Onon. Co., N. Y.

FOR FLOWER BEDS.

SECOND EDITION.

This is a collection of over
one hundred drawings for
Ornamental Flo'wer Beds
with names of Plants for ar-
ranging the same. The draw-
ings are nicely engraved,
printed on good paper, con-
veniently bound and are a
great help to gardeners and
amateurs who -wish to have
their grounds arranged to
the best advantage. Price,
$3. Sent by mail post-paid.
"Something entirely new and very desirable for horti-
culturists, gardeners, and all who have grounds, has been
gotten up by George A. Solly & Son, of Springfield, Mass.
It is a book of carpet and other flower-bed designs. There
are many beautiful plans, and they are so clearly drawn
that any 'hired man' can layout his employer's grounds
according to them."— A'ietf England Homestead.
Address the publishers

A. SOLLY & SON, Springfield, iVIass.

GEO.

TREE SEEDLINGS

For Timber Plautations, Young Evergreens, Stocks, Grape
V^ines, Seeds and Seedling.s for Nurserymen. Immense Stock.
Lowest Prices. Great Variety. Catalogue Free.

J. JENKINS.

Grape and Seedling Nursery,

'nhi2 Winona. Columbiana Co., Ohio.

NEW WHITE CARNATIONS

WM. SWAYNE and L. L LAMBORN

The best two White Carnations ever offered. Early, free
and continuous bloomers. Stock of these excellent sorts
will be for sale this Sprino: for the first time ; ready March 1.
Price, !S25 per 100 ; «3.50 per doz. Description on appli-
cation. Wholesale list of rooted cuttings of other leading
sorts, ready Jan. 1.
ja2 WWI. SWAYNe, Kennett Square, Pa.

ON 30 PAYS' TRIAL.

THIS NEW ^^

ELASTIC TRUSS

Has a Pad different from all
others, is cup shape, with Self-
adjusting Ball in center,adapt3
itself to all positions of the
body while the ball in the cup
presses back the intes-

_ fines just as a person

dof»Q with the fineer. with light pressure the Her-
S??s®h^d\eeurfly SLTaAd night, and a radlca cure
certain. It is easy, durable and cheap. Sent by mail. Cir-
n6 c^aisfree. EGeLESXOS TBCS3 CO., ClucsgOf U**

ORANGE CULTURE

IN FLORIDA, LOUSIANA AND CALIFORNIA.

BY KEY. T. W. MOORK, D-D.

16mo, cloth, 181 pages, fine paper. Price, Sl.OO; by mail,
Dost paid. Address, „

UaAS. H. MAROT, 811 Chestnut St., Phila.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERT13ER.

ja4

URPEES

FARMAKNUALF0R1888

Will be sent FREE to all who write for it. It is i
Handsome Book of 128 pp., with hundreds of illus-
trations, Colored Plates, and teUs aJl about the
»• I . »» ». . ..,«"*^'^^ GARDEN, FaAm and FI.OWER
BULRS. PLANT$>. «,°<1 Jaluable New Books on Garden
VPr Ft'aki P« in^'pT?.'V)f?,-T»^i descnbes Rare NoFclties in
■ K=^fc • H 1 ■'*^? and FEOWERS, of real value, which cannot
p be obtomed elsewhere Send address on a postal for the most com-

plete Catalogue published, to W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE WEST-AMERICAN SCIENTIST

" Comes regularly and is decidedly the best of its class." Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor. Price, Sl.OO per annum.

50 cents worth of any of the following curiosities given as a premium with every yearly subscription sent me ; or
any of the curiosities will De sent prepaid on receipt of price.

Cactus Wood, (Curious) 5 to 36 cts.

Cal Sea Urchins 5 to 10 "

Iiiver Beans 6 to 10 "

Alligator Teeth 5 "

Sharks' Eggs 25 "

Pampas Grass Plumes 35 "

Abalone Shells, ( Haliotis Crachorodii) 5 to 50 "

Humming Bird's Nests 36 "

Sand, thrown up by the Charleston earthquake,

several colors in a vial 15 eta.

Japanese Paper Napkin 5 "

«• Tempo, (large oval coin) 15 "

Chinese Coins, (very old) 5 "

Ronae, 4th Bronze Coins, found in digging

Suez Canal, 1500 years old 13 "

India, (Coins found iu old dumps) 10 "

Price list of Bird Skins, Eggs, Minerals, Shells, Insects, Plants, Relics, Coins, Stamps, Curiosities, etc., 3 cts. each.

,as E. M. HAIGHT, Collecting Naturalist, Riverside, Calif.

W. W. RAWSON & CO.

34 South Market Street, Boston, Mass.

Imporiers and Gruwers ol Gaiflen, Fieil and Flower seeds.

B. K. BLISS & SONS, formerly of New York.

Our larfje and prolusily lUusiratud C;itiUof,'iie lor 1888 has
been made still more attractive by the addition of a richly illa-
minaled coyer, beaatifnl colored plates, and iiiitiierous lite-like
Illustrations of rare and beanlifiil flowers and choice vegetables,
including many noTelties of rare merit, will be mailed free to
customersof last year, and to all others, upon receipt of Ten
CentSi which will be refunded with first order. B. K. Bliss,
surviving partner of B. K. Bliss & Sons, is now with us, and
NEW BOOKS ON CARDENINC. respectiully soUcits the patronage of former customers.

CELERY AND ITS CULTIVATION, by W. W. RavB-son, 25 Cents.

SUCCESS IN MARKET GARDENING and Vegetable Growers' Manual, by W. "W. Raj:vson, Prnctical Market
Irardener.J'he^rnostinstnictive work of the kind everpublished, full of iniportiintintormation to njarket gardeners, and to all

of vegetables in 1

ices, fnllvilhist-rnted

$ I m.

V^ 35,000 Sold.

now TO STUDY THIIBI

A inaiuial of riiarai-tcr Kead-
ins for the people, an intenselv
Interesting and attractive book
Every body should read it.
200 pages, aio fine lllus. 40 cts.
FOWLER & WELI.S CO..

SENT FREE

A SAMPLE NO. OF THE

Phrenological
Journal,

A magazine of Hujian
Nature for every body.
§2.00 a year, 20c. a no.,
and a list of BOOKS on
Phrenology, Physiogno-
my .Health, Heredity, &e
Send address on postal.
775 Broadway, N. *.

FARM HOMES,

IN-DOORS AND OUT-DOORS.

By E. H. Lbland.
Illustrated, 204 pages, cloth, price $1.50; mailed, post-paidon -e-
Ceipi of price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnut St.. Phila

AND OUT BUILuINGS.

Aiming to furnish plans and designs to suit every taste andpocket,
«S7 illustrations, 235 pages, 12 mo. cloth, price, £1,50. Mailed.
post paid on receipt of price. Address

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St.

HOUGH'S ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY

Designed to afford Information concerning the Planting
and Care of ?\jrest Trees for Ornament or Profit ; and giving
Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands, witS
the view of securing the Greatest Benefit for the Longest
Time. Particularly adapted to the Wants and Conditions
of the United States.

By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, PH.D..

Chief of Forestry Division, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Large 12mo, pp. 381. Numerous Illustrations, 82.00. Will

be sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. Address.

CHAS. H. MAKOT, 814 Chestnnt St., Phila.

VILLA GARDENING

A HAND-BOOK FOR AMATEURS AND
PRACTICAL GARDENERS.

BY EDWARD HOBDAY,
Author of "Cottage Gardening."
555 pages, 12mo, cloth. Mailed for S1.75, postage free.
Address, CHAS. H. MAR. >T, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

WORKING MAN'S WAY TO WEALTH.

By Edmund Wrigley.

A practical treatise on Building- Associations , tvnai cAeyare,and
hoTvia use them. io8 pages, i6mo, cloth. Price, 7s Cen's. Sent
by mail post-paid on receipt 0)" price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

m

— DOWNING'S

Or, THe Cultnre, Propagation, and Manageient, in tHe
Garden and OrcHard, of Frnil Trees Generally.

New Edition. With Descriptions of all the Finest Varie-
ties of Kruit, Native and Foreign, cultivated in this Coun-
try; containing, also, A History of Insects Injurious to
Fruit, and the best methods of destroying them.

Mr. Charles Downing has been engaged on this revision
from time to time, and has produced unquestionably the
most complete He/erence Book far the Cultivators of Fruit
ex-er issued.

Of Apples onljr he has over 450 pages of varieties. New
and better drawings and engravings have also been made of
all the Fruit.

The complete work, including three Appendices, is
brought down to 1881, and forms one thick

8vo VOLUME OF OVER 1,350 PAGES.
Price, handsomely bound in full cloth, - - - $5.00.

Recommendation from Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,
President of the American Pomologieal Society :

Gentlemen:—! have received a copy from Mr. Charles
Downing of the second revised edition of the "Fruits and
Fruit Trees of America." U is the most comprehen-
sive of any similar work, in fact A COMPLETh; ENCY-
CLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY, brought down
to the present time. The origmal edition by his brother, the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, popular as it ever has been,
is made doubly interesting and useful by this revision, com-
prising the results of a long life of critical observations.
As a work of reference it has no equal, and deserves a place
in the Library of every Pomologistin America.— Marshall
P . Wilder.

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, PhUa.

APPLETON'S

American Cyclopiia.

New Revised Edition 16 vois. Large Octavo Volumes, e?ch
volume containing over 8oo paees, fully illustrated with several
thousand wood engravings, and with numerous colored Litho-
graphic Maps, the whole casting the publishes a sum exceeding
$500,000, exclusion of Paper, Printing and Binding,
Prices and Styles of Binding:

Extra cloth, the i6 vols., for $ 8o oo

Library leather, " " 9600

Half Turkey Morocco, 16 vols., for ii? 00

Half Russia, extra gilt, " " 12800

Full Russia, " •' 16000

Full Morocco, antique gilt edges 160 00

A UNIVERSAL LIBRARY IN ITSELF.

Sent free of transportation and securely packed to any part of the
United States, on receipt of prire. Addreis,

CHAS. H. MAROT 814 Chestnut St.

FRUIT AND BREAD.

A Natural and Scientific Diet.

BY GUSTAV SCHLICKEYSKN.

Translatedfrom the German by M . L. Holbrook,M. D. Intended
10 show what is the natural food of man ; to lead him to become a
living child of nature; to simplify and beautify his manner of living;
to emancipate woman from the drudgery of the kitchen; to lead to
increased use of fruit; to diminish the use of flesh, and where
possible, to do away with its use altogether; to improve the health
and add to the enjoyments and value of life. Cloth, 250 pages ; 12
rao. illustrated. Price, |i. Sent by mail post-paid on receipt ol
price. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phil*.

imMMWlilDPS.

Chiefly such as are Caused by Fungi, by Washington G.
Smith, F.L.S., M.A.I. Member of the Scientific Commit-
tee of the Royal Horticultural Society. 143 Illustrations
drawn and engraved by the author. 16 mo, 353 pages, cloth,
price 81.50, by mail post-paid. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

-BARRY'S

Fruit Garden.

NEW EDITION,

RBVISKD AND BROUGHT DOWN TO DATB BT

P. BARRY.

Illustrated, pp. 516, fine cloth. Price, $2.50, mailed, post-
age free. Address,

CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnat Street, Philadelphia.

One of the Fullest, Freshest, and Most Valuable Hand-
books of the Age. Indispensable to Every
Practical Man. Just Ready.

The Techno-Chemical Receipt Book

Containing several thousand Receipts covering the Latest,
Most Important, and Most Useful Discoveries in Chemical
Technology, and their Practical Application in the Arts and
the Industries. Edited chiefly from the German of Drs.
Winckler, Eisner, Heintze, Mierzinski, Jacobsen, Roller,
and Heinzerling, with additions by William T. Brannt,
Graduate of the Royal Agricultural College of Eldena,
Prussia, and William H. Wahl, Ph.D. (Held.) Secretary of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; author of " Galvano-
plastic Manipulations." Illustrated by 78 engravings. One
volume, over 500 pages, 12mo, elegantly bound in scarlet
cloth, gilt, closely printed, containing an immense amount
and a great variety of matter. Price, fS.OO, free of postage
to any addrens in the world. „ ^, .,

CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Phila.

TOPICS

GARDEN

AND

FARM

BY PETER HENDERSON.

Embraces within its scope the following subjects : Popu-
lar Bulbs and their culture.— Window Gardening, and Care
of Plants in Rooms.— Propagation of Plants.— Rose Grow-
ing in Winter.— Greenhouse Structures, and Modes of Heat-
ing.—Formation and Renovation of Lawns.— Onion (irow-
ing.— How to Raise Cabbage and Cauliflower.— On the Grow-
ing and Preserving of Celery.— The New Celery, " White
Plume."— Strawberry Culture.— Root Crops for Farm Stock.
—Culture of Alfalfa or Lucerne — Manures and their Modes
of Application.— Market Gardening around New York,—
The Use of the Feet in Sowing and Planting.— Popular
Errors and Scientific Dogmas in Horticulture.— Humbugs
in Horticulture.- Draining. Cloth, 12 mo, 244 pages, price
81.50 ; by mail, postpaid. Address,

' ^ CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut St., Phila.

CLASS BOOK OF BOTANY.

By Alphonso Wood, A. M.
Being ouriines of the Structure, Physiology and Classification of
^lants ; with a Flora of the United States and Canada. 832 pages,
\'o. half arabesque cloth sides. Price, ^3.50. Sent by mail post-
.lid on receipt of price.

Address. CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadeln^'

SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.

By Benjamin S. Williams, F.R.H.S.
Comprising descriptions of 950 choice species and varieties, Brit-
ish and Exotic, with directions for their management in the Tropical,
Temperate and Hardy Fernery, with numerous beautifiil full-page
illustrations. 353 pages, i2mo, cloth. Price, J2.5O. Sent by mail
post-paid on receipt of price.

Address, CHAS. H. MAROT,

814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

THE

AMERICAN GARDEN

Prospectus for 1888.

Marked as have been the improvements in the magazine during 1887,
the coming year will show far greater advances. Some of the more
notable features follow :

Fruit Culture will have the work of practical growers
and experimenters in all sections. Dr. T. H. HOSKINS
of Vermont will continue his valuable papers on the
Russian fruits. T. V. MUNSON, of Texas, promises
" Chips from Munson's Workshop." Varieties in their
adaptations to soils and climates, New Varieties, Dis-
eases, Methods of Culture, Markets and Marketing,
etc., etc., will be written by Prof. J. L. BUDD, CHAS.
A. GREEN, E. WILLIAMS, L. H. BAILEY, Col.
F. D. CURTIS, A. A. CROZIER, D. B. WEIR, and
many others.

Vegetables — The year will be made specially note-
worthy by an exhaustive series of papers, by E. S.
GOFF of the New York State Experiment Station,
describing all of our cultivated varieties, from experi-
ence at the Station, and weeding out the duplicate and
synonymous names without fear or favor. Vegetable
gardening in general will have more extensive and
practical treatment than heretofore.

Charles Barnard, Supt. Chautauqua Town and Country
Club, will minutely describe his own work in the cul-
ture of a village lot. Of special value to professional
men, mechanics and beginners.

Home Garden Interests will de^l with plant and
floral decoration of house and table, floral fashions,
proper use of garden products in cookery, preserving,
etc., etc. By SHIRLEY DARE and other noted
writers.

School Gardening and Railroad Gardening are
claimed for horticulture and will have our continued
careful attention.

Our Book Revievsrs are intended as more or less com-
plete guides to would-be purchasers of horticultural
books, and are written by specialists.

Our Market Reviews are credited with being useful
to commercial growers ana will be continued with the
same care as in the past.

The Illustrations of The American Garden will con-
tinue to improve in character and number. We have
many interesting subjects in hand, partly the result of
our prize competition.

Propagation of Plants will receive special attention
by some of the most skilled cultivators and will include
all classes of fruits, trees, flowering and ornamental
plants, etc.

New Plants, or those not commonly grown, will be
described by W. A. MANDA of the Harvard Botanic
Gardens, WM. FALCONER, and other noted gar-
deners.

In Landscape Gardening we will show how to make
use of the simple plants and forms which Nature places
at our doors, before buying costly plants of doubtful
value, and to preserve the natural surface of the earth
before expensive grading. This department is in
charge of an experienced landscape gardener, one of
the editors of the magazine, who will draw freely from
contemporary work.

Greenhouse Construction, including the Conservatory,
will be discussed in a series of practical articles freely
illustrated and giving the experience of practical men.

John Thorpe, founder of the Society of American
Florists, promises to contribute exhaustive papers on
the Pelargonium (Geranium) and the Carnation,
and other matter of value.

Notes from St. Fdrdal De Ponsonby, are by " F.
LANCE," the fearless and caustic critic of all horti-
cultural frauds and absurdities.

Floriculture, for iioth professionals and amateurs, will
have the work of practical workers in all branches of
the art.

An Orchid Department, already begun, will be a
feature of the year, from prominent and popular writers,
including E. S. RAND of Brazi', \N . A. MANDA
and others.

Roses will have a special department for the beginner
as well as the more experienced.

Window Gardening, whicli so often tries the hearts
and nerves of persistent flower lovers, will have as
much light thrown upon its mysteries as successful
amateurs can shed from their experience.

Special Numbers already in preparation are on the
Iris and the Japan Maples with beautiful illustra-
tions, and others of equal or greater interest will follow.

Subscription price, only $1.00 per year ; single copies, 10 cents.

THE AMERICAN GARDEN

Is an illustrated monthly magazine, quarto, 32 to 48 pages and cover.

In Club with the Gardeners' Monthly at $2.60.
Published by E. H. LIBBY, 751 Broadway, New York.

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

13

CI.UB PAPXSRS «i NXST PRICES

4»- SUBJECT TO ANY CHANGES OF RATE THAT MAY BE ANNOUNCED BY THE RESPECTIVE PUBLISHERS. "Wi

You can add the GARDENERS' MONTHLY in Club at ISI.75; provided arrears are paid in fall.

All the Year Round

American Angler

" Agriculturist

" Apiculturit (Bee Culturist)..

" Architect, Iiupei ial Edition. .

" " Regular "

" Bazar .

2 25
1 10
90
8 50
1 40
1 25
Dairyman, new $1.25,renewals 1 50

Farmer 90

«' Garden 85

" Journal ot Science & Art 5 25

" Machinist 2 30

" Magazine 2 65

" Naturalist, new 3.45; renewals 3 60

" Poultry Journal & Record 85

" Rural Home 65

" Teacher 90

Andover Review 3 35

Art Amateur 3 50

Art Interchange 3 00

Arthur's Home Magazine 1 60

Atlantic Monthly 3 35

Babyhood 1 25

Babyland 45

Blackwood's Magazine, Reprint... 2 90

Book Buyer 90

Boston Med. Journal, advance only 4 25

" Weekly Globe 90

Botanical Gazette 1 90

Brain, The (quarterly) 3 15

Brainard's Musical World.

1 25
ren. 90
.... 1 on

Build'r&Woodwork'r,new8C

Canadian Horticulturist

'• Live stock Journal 85

Cassell's Family Magazine 1 35

Caterer, The, 1 00

Carpentry and Building 80

Century, The 3 65

Chautauquan, The 1 45

Chautauqua Young Folks Journal 1 00

Children's Friend 1 10

Christian Register, new $2.25. ran' w 3 00

Christian ITnion 2 75

Church Review 4 00

Cincinnati Graphic News 3 25

Colman's Rural World 1 20

Constitution, Atlanta, weekly 1 15

Contemporary Review, repriiit 4 25

Cosmopolitan, The 2 50

Country Gentleman, advance 2 10

Criterion, The 1 60

Critic 2 60

Decorator and Furnisher 3 25

Demorest's Magazine 1 7(1

Descriptive American 4 50

Detroit Kree Press, Weekly I 00

Deutsehes Garten-Magazin 2 90

Druggists' Circular, new, subs 1 40

Eclectic Magazine 4 25

Edinburg Review, original 3 35

" " reprint 2 90

Education, Bi-monthly 3 50

Ebrich's Fashion Q,uarterly 50

Electrical Review 2 50

Empire State .\griculturalist 40

English Illustrated Magazine 1 50

" Monthly Reviews, each. . . 4 25
" " " the three 11 75

" Quarterly " each 2 90

" " " the four . 10 25

Engineering & Mining Journal 3 25

Farm and Home 50

Farm Journal, Phila.subs.42c;others 30

Farmer's Home.lournal 1 25

Farm, Field and Stockman 1 3.5

Floral Instructor 45

Foho (Musical) 1 2.5

Forest and Stream 3 25

Fortnightly Review, reprint 4 25

Forum, The 4 50

Krank Leslie's Budget, monthly... 1 95
" " Chatterbox. annu'ly... 80

" " Illustrated Weekly.... 3 40

" " Illustrite Zeitung 3 40

" " Popular Monthly 2 65

" " Pleasant H'rs, mont'ly 1 55

" " Sunday Magazine 2 25

Friends' Intelligencer 2 35

Germ'nt'nTeleg'ph,ren'w8I.65new 1 40

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00

Godey's Lady Book 1 60

Golden Days 2 50

Good Housekeeping 2 15

Good Uheer 40

Good Words, English Ed 2 25

Graphic (Daily), per year 7 00

" '• " 6 mos 3 75

" " " 3 mos 2 25

(Weekly) 1 75

Green's Fruit Grower 35

Hall's Journal of Health 90

Harper's Bazar 3 40

" Magazine 3 20

" Weekly 3 40

" Young People 1 65

Herald of Health 90

Home Decoration 1 50

Household 90

Humboldt Library of Science 1 25

Illustrated Christian Weekly 2 25

Illustrated London News 8 75

Indiana Farmer 1 00

Interior, new subs., 81 90. renewals 2 35

Inter Ocean, weekly 95

" " semi-weekly 2 35

" " daily, including Sunday 9 50

Iron Age, monthly I 15

Iron Trade Review 2 25

Journal des Roses 3 00

Journal of Anatomy (quarterly)... 5 40

Journal of Education, weekly 2 35

Journal of Franklin Institute 4 2-5

Journal of Mycology 1 00

Journal of Philology, Eng.,3^yr'ly 2 30
Journalof Speculative Philosophy 2 50

Kansas Farmer 1 15

L'Art 10 00

Library Journal 4 50

Lippincott's Magazine 2 50

Literary World, new $1.75; renew.. 1 90

Littell's Living Age 8 00

Little Folks I 30

London Anthenaeum 5 00

London Garden 5 50

London Gardener's Chronicle 4 30

London Gardener's Magazine 3 75

London Gardening. Illustrated.... 1 80

London Gardening World 2 15

London Journal of Horticulture.. 4 25

London Quart'ly Review, original. 3 3.5

" " " reprint.. 2 90

L'Orchidophile 3 75

Macmillan's Magazine 2 75

Magazine of American History. . . 4 25

Magazine of Art 3 00

Manufacturer and Builder 1 15

Maryland Farmer 90

Methodist. The I 75

Nation. The 2 80

Nature (weekly) 5 40

New Engl'd Farmer, advance only 2 15

New England Homestead 2 25

New York Evening Post, daily 8 .30

" " " " semi-w'kly. 2 80

" " Fashion Bazar.monthlv... 2 40

" " Herald, weekly '.... 1 00

" " Medical Journal, w'kly ... 4 75

New York Independent,^ yr. only 82 76

" " Times, weekly 1 00

" " Times, semi-weekly 2 ;i5

" " Tribune, weekly 1 10

" " Tribune, semi- weekly 2 10

" •' Witness, weeklv 1 00

" " World, weekly & Premium 1 00

Nineteenth Century, reprint 4 25

Notes and Ciueries. London 5 50

North American Review 4 25

Ohio Farmer 1 00

Open Court 3 00

Orchid Album 16 00

Our Country Home 50

Our Dumb Animals 50

Our Little Men and Women 90

OurLittleOnesA The Nursery 1 36

Outing 2 50

Pacific Rural Press, in advance... 2 50

Pansy 90

Peterson's Magazine 1 65

Philad'a Press, daily $5.75; weekly. 95

WeeklyTimes 165

Daily " 2 80

" Sunday " 1 65

" Medical Times 1 75

Phrenolog'l Jr'nl, pr. 81.90; no pr. . I 75

Popular Educator 80

Popular Gardening* Fruit Record'r 85

Popular Science Monthly 4 25

Popular " News, new, 90;renew. 1 00

Portfolio, The 7 00

Poultry Bulletin 90

Poultry Nation 65

Poultry World 90

Poultry Yard 1 15

Practical Farmer 1 25

Practitioner, Medical 3 15

Prairie Farmer 1 30

Presbyterian 2 65

Puck 4 25

Queries 90

Quiver 1 35

Reporter, (Law) 9 50

Revue Horticole 4 10

Revue de 1' Horticulture Beige .... 2 90
Rural Californian,new$1.2();ren'w 1 40

Rural New Yorker 1 75

Saint Nicholas 2 70

Saturday Evening Post 1 75

Sch.wl Journal 2 50

Science Record 90

Scientific American 2 65

*' " Supplement 4 20

" " &Supt. together... 6 00

Scribners' Magazine 2 65

Shorthand Guide 40

Shorthand Writer. 1 75

Southern Cultivator 1 20

Student 90

Sunday Magazine, English 2 25

Swiss Cross 1 45

Teachers' Institute 1 25

The Present 90

Toledo Blade, Weekly 1 00

Torrey Botanical Bulletin 95

Trade Review 2 50

Treasure Trove 1 00

U. S. Official Postal Guide 1 40

Vick's Illust'd Monthly Magazine 95

Watchman new $2 25; renew 2 50

West American Scientist 75

Western Agriculturist 80

Western Machinist 50

Western Rural 1 55

Westminster Review (reprint) 2 90

Wide Awake 2 20

Youth's Companion 1 75

Sun, weekly 1 00

Report non-receipt of club papers or changes of residence, only to the Publisher of sai<1 vaver to insnrp ^ittentio"
Remit by P. O. Order, Draft or Registered Letter. Currency is at risk of remitter. TERMS CASH WITH THE ORDER.

z:z^^^^^^^^=^=^:^:^^z:z^z:^^^^^^::^i^:^:^z^^^z. GARDENERS' MONTHLY with American Agriculturist for *5'?5

^= " " " " Florist 2.50

Garden 2 60

" " " Botanical Gazette for 3.50

" " " Horticultural Art Journal for 3.50

" " " The Cosmopolitan for 3.75

H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Special Combinations

Address

CHAS.

14

THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER.

RURAL AND PRACTICAL BOOKS, (and any others in the market not on this list,) wUl be sent by
mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Address, CHAS. H. MAROT, 814 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

FLOWERS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. Ac.

Alpine Flowers, Robinson 450

Amateur's Flower Garden, Hibberd 3 00

Amatenr's Greenhouse, Hibberd 3ii0

Amateur's Rose Book, Hibberd 300

American Rose Culturist, paper 30

Autumnal Leaves, colored plates, Heath 5 75

Bentham's British Mora. 2 vols 10 50

Book abotit Roses, S. R. Hole. Amer. 90c.; Eng., ill'd 3 75

Brambles and Bay Leaves, Hibberd 2 50

Breck's New Book of Flowers 1 75

British Sea Weeds, Gray 325

British l-'ungi, Cooke, colored plates 2 50

Cactaceous Plants, Louis Castle 60

Cai-nation Culture, illustrated 1 50

Cassell's Popular Gardening, 2 vols., lU'd 4 00

Chrysanthemum, The, Burbidge 1 50

Chrysanthemum, The, Fish 25

Cook s British Fungi ] 50

Cook s Microscopic Fungi, colored plates 2 50

Country Walks, by a Naturalist, Hlustrated 1 76

EUwanger on the Rose 1 25

Every Woman her own Flower Gardener 100

Essay on Roses, Mrs. Wellcome 15

Fern Garden, Hibberd, colored plates l 50

Fern Paradise,iird plain. t3; col. plates, L76; photos 5 00

Ferns, British and Foreign (Smith) 3 75

Ferns in their Homes and Ours 150

Ferns of N. America. 2 vols., quarto 30 00

Field Flowers, Hibberd 150

Fish, D. T., on Bulbs 2 00

Gardeners' Monthly (any yr.j Nos., $2 ; bound vols. 2 76

Halliday's Azalea Culture 200

Halliday's Camellia Culture 200

Hardv Flowers, Robinson 1 50

Hemrich's Window Flower Garden 76

Henderson's Gardening for Pleasure 150

Henderson's Practical Floriculture 150

Johnson's Winter Greeneries at Home l OO

Orchids for Amateurs, Britten & Gower, ill'd 2 50

Orchids of New England. Baldwin 250

Orchids; the Royal Family, Miner, tky, S30; cloth 15 00

Ornamental Gardening lor Americans, Long 2 00 '

Paul's Hook of Roses 50 j

Paul's Rose Garden, colored plate edition 700 i

Paul's Roses in Pots 100

Parsons. Saml. B., on the Rose 150

Band's Bulbs 250 1

Band's Flowers for Parlor and Garden 2 50

Band's Garden Flowers 2.50

Rand's Orchid Culture 3.50 •

Rand's Popular Flowers & How to Cultivate Them 2 00 |

Band's Rhododendrons 1 50 I

Rand's Window Gardener 1 oo

Robinson's English Mower Garden 600

School Garden, Schwab 50

Select Extra Tropical Plants, Von Mueller 3 00

Sh. Hibberd's New, Rare & Beautiful L'v'd Plants 12 50

Sub-Tropical Garden, Robinson , 375

TalksaboutFlowers, Mrs.Wellcome,paper,60c.;cl. 100

Thomson s Wayside Weeds 250

Two Thousand-a-Year in Fruits and Flowers 125 i

Tick's Flower and Vegetable Garden, paper 50c. cl. 1 25

Villa Gardening, Hobday 2 40

White's Gardening for the South 2 00

Wild Flowers, 2 vols.. Colored plates 5 00

Wild Flowers Worth Notice 200 1

Wild Garden, Robinson ;f 50

Williams, B. S., Orchid Growers' Manual, 6th Ed.. . 6 50 I
■Williams,B.S.,Stove&Greenh'se Plants, 2 vols. ill'd 5 00

Williams, B. S., Select Ferns and Lycopods 2 50

Window Gardening, Williams 1 50 ,

Wood's Modern Window Gardening 1 25

Your Plants, paper 40

FRUITS-THEIR PRODUCTS AND FRUIT CULTURE.

Amer. Grape Growing & Wine Making, Hussman,. 1 60

Apple Culturist, Todd 1 60

Bailey's Apple Culture, illustrated 75

Barry s Fruit Garden 250

Bassett's Cranberry Culture 30

Chorlton's Grape Growers' Guide 75

Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America 5 00

Du Breuil's Fruit Culture 1 75

Du Breuil s Vineyard Culture (Dr. Warden) 200

Elliott's Fruit Growers Hand Book,pap'r, 60c. ; cl. 1 00

Fitz s Southern Apple and Peach Culturist, l 50

Flagg s European vineyards 150

Fruit Culture Under Glass, Thomson 375

Fruit Growers' triend, Haines 30

Fuller's Grape Culturist 150

Fuller's Small Fruit Culture 1 50

Fuller's Strawbeiry Culturist; paper 20, cl., new ed 50

Fulton on Peach Culture 160

Harazathy'8 Grape Culture and "Wine Making 5 00

How to Propagate and Grow Fruit, Green 60

How to Raise Fruit, Gregg 100

Mohr on the Grape Vine 100

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 26

Nursery and Orchard, Peek 1 25

Orange Culture, Moore 100

Pardee on Strawberry Culture 76

Peach Culture & Diseases, Rutter, paper, 60c. ; cl.. 1 00

Peach Culture & Diseases, Willcox, paper 60

Quinn's Pear Culture for Profit 100

Reemellns Wine-makers' Manual 126

Rivers' Miniature Fruit Garden 100

Small Fruit Instructor, Purdy 26

Strong's Fruit Culture 100

Thomas', J. J., Fruit Culturist, new edition 2 00

White's Cranberry Culture 125

2000-a Yearin Fiuitsand Flowers, Barnard 125

Architecture, Rural Homes, Horticultural Buildings, &c.

Allen's, L. F., Rural Architecture 160

Architects' «& Builders P k tComp'n, cl., 1.60; tuck 2 00

Atwood's Country and Suburban Houses 150

Aveling' Carpentry and Joinery 1 25

Barn Plans and Out-buildings 160

Building Const)uction, Davidson 100

Burns' Architectural Drawing Book 1 00

Carpenter s and Joiner s Hand Book (Holly) ;. 76

Cooper's Rural Hours 200

Cottage Houses. Reed ' 125

Downings Cottage Residences 300

Fawke's Horticultural Buildings 175

Fences, Gates and Biidgi s. Martin 100

Harney s Barns, Out-buildings and Fences 4 00

Homes for Home Builders, King 150

House Plans for Everybody (Reed) 150

Jacques' Manual of the House 160

Palliser's Model Homes 150

Practical Lessons in Architectural Draw'g,Tuthill 2 50

Plummer's Carpenter's and Builders' Guide 150

Waring s Improvements and Village Farms 75

Wheeler's Homes for the People 250

Wheeler's Rural Homes 100

Woodward's Cottages and Farm Houses 100

W^ood ward's Country Homes 100

Woodward's Graperies and Hort. Buildings 1 00

"Woodward • s National Architect, col. plates, 2 vols. 10 00

Woodward's Sul)urbun and Country Houses 100

Wooletl's Old Homes made New 1 50

TREES, FORESTRY, PLANS. PLANTS, LANDSCAPING, &c.

Book of Plans, Solly 3 00

Canadian Forester's Illustrated Guide 1 25

Downings Landscape Gardening 650

Elliott s Landscape Gardening, cloth 1 ."50

Elliott's Lawn and Shade Trees 100

Fuller's Forest Tree Culturist 1 00

Fullers Practical Forestry 150

Gordons Pinetum 600

Hoopeson Evergreens 300

Hough's Elements of Forestry 2 00

Kemp's Landscape Gardening 2 50

Parks and Gardens of Paris. Robinson 7 50

Scott's Beautiful Homes 3 00

Tree Planter and Plant Propagator, Wood, Ill'd . . 1 00

Tree Pruner, Wood 1 00

Veitch's Manual of the Coniferae, Illustrated 300

Warder's Hedges and Evergreens 150

INSECTIVEROUS PLANTS. INSECTS, &c.
Darwin's Insecriv. Plants, Eng. Ed., $7; Amer. Ed. 2 00
Harris' Insects Injurious, cloth, $4.00; col. plates. 6 50

How to Destroy insects 30

Insect Lives, or Born in Prison 100

Insects Injurious to Fruits, Saunders 300

Packard's Guide to the Study of Insects 6 00

Packard's Halt-Hours with Insects 250

Packard's Our Common Insects 150

Riley's Potato Pests, paper, 50c. ; cloth 75

Treat's Injurious Insects 2 00

BOTANICAL, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

Beal's "The New Botany" 25

Botanical Pocket Book, Hayward 175

Chapman's Flora of Southern United States 4 00

Coulter's Manual Roiky Mountain Botany 2 30

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. 5 00
Descriptive & Analyfl Bot., LeMaout & Decaisnel2 50

Dictionary English Names of Plants, Miller 500

Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson, Hid 5 00

Dragendorffs Plant Analysis 8 75

Fruit and Bread, Schlickeysen 100

Gardeners Dictionary, Johnson's 300

Gray's How Plants Behave 65

Gray s How Plants Grow 125

Gray's Lessons on Botany 100

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