LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SOURCE. .CQj^|^e.^.a_Ti.gs_. "..<>^t^Gft- AN Illustrated Weekly Journal OF Horticulture in all its Branciies. Faiindid by (K. Rubmsoti nt I^7[. Edited by Mk. E. T. COOK. VOL. LXIV. CHRISTMAS, 1903 Office: 20, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C, Published by HUDSON & KEARNS, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and by Messrs. GEO. NEWNES, Ltd., 7-12, Southampton Street, Strand. The Garden.] Dlckmeer 26, 1903. Sit l.u TO ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE. LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. THE SIXTY-FOURTH VOLUME OF "THE GARDEN Is dedicated. T HE exalted place in Natural Science occupied )jy Mr. Alfred Ru.ssel Wallace is well known, and it will bo remembered that in the middle years of the last century he was independently considering the natural forces that were the causes of the evolution of Species, on much the same lines as those that were at the same time being studied by Darwin. His conclusions on this subject, the results of his arduous journeys, and his researches in the many branches of Natural History are recorded in his books "Travels on the Amazon" (18.53), "Palm Trees of the Amazon" (1853), "The Malay Archipelago" (1809), "Natural Selection" (1870), "Tropical Nature" (1878), "Darwinism" (1889), and others. Born in 1823 at Usk, in Monmouthshire, and educated at the Hertford Grammar School— in his mothei''s native town, where the family came to live about 1828 — .Mr. Wallace set forth at the age of twenty-five on the first of his tropical journeys. His lifelong delight in the lieauty of flowers has led him to their care and culture as his most sympathetic recreation. Mr. Wallace is an ardent and accomplished gardener, and it is in this capacity mainly that he has given his portrait and accepted the dedicati'in of the present volume of The Gaudex. Vol. LXIV.J [" The Garden" December .'iO, 190S. INDEX Abelia mpestris, 32S Abies coiiculur ar^entea, the new, 95 Acanthus latifuliiis, 15 Acer PseuJo-platanus alho-variegaturo, 24 Achiraenes, 17u ; tulnllura. 30 Aconiluui8, the. 339 Adhatoda cydoniiefolia at Edinburgh, 439 ^Ethionenias, the, 394 Agapanlhus insiunis, (>7 ; minor mooreanus, 1G3 ; notes on the, Tli Agarics, the, 1^6 Agricultur.il College, South-Eastern, 240 Agriculture, new Ouector of, Bombay, 90 Ailanthua ^'landulusa in the ttuwer gaiden, 196 Akebia lobata, 370 ; in fruit at Newstead Abbey, 311 AUamanda viulacea. 230 Alleys, green, and gvoves, 152 Allium marcaritaceum, 316 Aloe, the, 47 Alonsoa Wmsi-'ewiczii, 247 Alpine flowers at Comely Bank, Edinburgh, 240; in August, 2UU ; house in autumn, the, 193; house plunging materials, ICO; rock garden, seedlings for the, 110 Alpines in a wet July, 111 ; notes on some later-tlowtjiiiiji, 182 Amaryllis Belladonna, 328 AmarylHses, U4 America, juttinjrs from, 206 Anaictochilus, 303 Anehusa capensi^, 54 Andromeda arburea, ISl Androsace lanuginosa, 373 Anemone alpina, 222 ; in the Alps, 397 ; poly- anthes, 43 ; sulphurea, 222 Anemones, 243 ; and Ranunculus, IIS ; from seed, 190, 270; raising, from seed, 116 ; St. Bri-iid, 350 Anemonopsis macrophylla, S9 Augelonia grandihora alba, 295, 351 Annual, a rare sweet-scented, 162 ; and bien- nials, 29S Antirrhinums, striped, 292 Appeal fr.»ni Baron Sir Henry Schroder, Bart., 407 Apple and Pear, the summer pruning of, 138 Apple Beauty of Kent, 239, 272 ; blossom, 181 ; Cellini Pippin, 227 ; Crab, a new— The Langley, 231; crop, a good, 178; Lane's Prince Albert in 1003, 372 ; Lord Grosvenor for amateurs, 139; new, Middle Green, 292; new, Norfolk Beauty, 373 ; plague, a common, 172 ; trees, choosing, 318, 341 Apples for small gardens, 314 ; new, and their keeping qualities, 310 ; loo many varieties of, 414 Aquilegia cierulea, 284 ; glanduloaa, 27, 284 ; longissima, 284 Aquilegias, 31 ; notes on the, 284 Araucaria imbricata fruiting, 289, 322, 391 Areca Catechu, 282 Argemone grandlHora, 182, 230 Aronia floribunda for its foliage, 312 Artemisia arborescens, 331 ; lactifolia, 293 Artichokes, Globe, 64, 344 ; .lerusalem, 382 Asparagus, 272 ; beds, 64, 417 ; forcing, 323 Aspidistra lurida, 29 Aster Elsie Pei ry, 213 ; mongolica, 332 ; Perry's White, 213 ; salicifolia Tresserve, 330; sinensis, 104; Tradescauti in pots, 390; Winnie Weaver, 230 Asters in the west, 179 Aubrietias, 3 Auchincruive. Ayr, 247 Auricula, PolyHuthus, and Primrose, the autumn bluom of, 423 Auriculas, l)urder, 398 Autumn ganien, the, 255 ; gardening, 220 i Azaleas, seedline, 205 Azara microphylla, 2 Begonias for winter flowering, 16 ; the h>bricl, 418; tuberous, 361; t., Mesgis. Waie's, 324 ; tuberous-rooted, 301 ; un- cninion beddine, 12*i Beiithamia fragift-ra, 135 Berkbamsted, notes fiom, 322 Bessera eleeans, 215 BienniHl-<, 137 ; and annuals, 20a Binls. Brilibh. alaut,'hter of, 204 Birmiii-ham Botanic G»rileiis, the new Curator of the, 74 Btacklienies and allied fruits, 25 Blackberry season, the, 162 Black Currant bud mite, *.he spread of, 372 ; new, Boskofip Giant. 14" Blicklnig Hall, Norfolk, the gardens at, 267 Blooms, big, 331 Buennintihansenia albitlora, 295 Boleti, the. 180 Books. 4, 121,204, 303, 402, 414 Border, tlower, a well-coloured, 405 Borderd, grass path, 375; inside, 417 ; mixed colour schemes in, 416 ; outside, 417 Bothies, modern, 2f6 Boujiainvillea glabra, 353 Bouvar.lia King of Scarlets, 197 Bouvardias, 30. 242 ; planted out, 439 Bravoa geminitlora, 240 Bread Fruit, the, 71 ; -Nut, the. 254 Briars, hedge, 382 British plants, uses of, 97. 135. 153, 248, 267 firocculi, 323 ; Michaelmas White in autumn, 402 Broukwell Park, 320 Brooms, the larger, 251 Browallia speciosa major, 385 Brown. Mr. T. W., 279 Bryophyllum calycinum, 181 Buckthorn, the Sea, as a tree, 295 Buddleia Colvillei iu Norfolk, 21 ; variabilis, 90, 152, 163. 234 Bulb farms, English and Dutch, 371 ; planter, a, 262 Bulb-growing competition in Dundee, chil- dren "s, 422 Bulbous plants, early-flowering, 337 ; from seed, 232 ; to grow beneath trees, 356 Bulbs, 187 ; and plants, spring-flowering, naturalising, 220,213; dormant. 270; for forcing, 216; in grass, mistakes in plant- ing, ;i96; remaining dormant, 231; some greenhouse, 215 ; spring, again in flower, 278 Butterflies, flowers for, 55, 76, 96, 109, 114, 146, 170, 267 Babiana, 215 Baden-Baden, notes from, 90, 232 Bamboo, the, 74, 254 Bamboos flowering, 37, 38, 74, 76, 127 Banana culture, 122 Banksia suaveolens, 351 Battersea Park, 235, 326 Beale, William, 308 Bean, a new Kunner — Hackwood Success, 173, 189 ; Runner, Smith's Oriental, 247, 289 ; the Broad, 289 Beans, 188: Broad. 139, 382; in pots, 304; Runner, 87, 197. 242 Bedding plants, propagating, 170 Beeches, Weeping, 167 Beetroot, 220 Beets, Turnip-rooted, 139 Beeonia carminata, 197 ; for baskets, a new, 97; Gloire de Lorraine. 324; and vars., 188 ; Gloire de Sceaux, 188 ; Lafayette, 128, 140; Marie Bouchett, 163 ; socotrana, SO ; tuberous, 37 ; t., as an autumn fluwer. 195 I Cabbage, 170, 272 ; for spring, 40 ; Long-foot, 55; Red, 87 j Cabbages, 72; Defiance, 75 ; of recent intro- duciion.some, 15 ; sowing, for early spring cutting, 88 Cactus, the Turk"s-cap or Pope's-head, 337 ; I viviparus, 108, 200 Calatiash, the. 72 Ciladiums, 258 Calanthes. the, 321 Calceolaria amplexicaulis, 147 Calceolarias, 10, 102, 170, 258 ; beddine, 226 ; herbaceous, 204 ; h. from Scotland, 21 California in 1903, 408 Calochoiti, group of, in bloom, 113 Calla elliotiana and varieties, 156 Callistemun saligiiua, 281 Cabicboitus, culture of the, 307 Calysteiiia pubescens flore-pleuo, 233 Cambridge Butanic Garden Syndicate, 22 Camellia as an open-air shrub, the, 440 Camellias, 343 Campanula alpina, 114 ; Hendersonii, 196 ; pere^jina. 62; pyraniidalis, 156, 258; p. from self-sown seed, 06; rhomboidalis in the rock garden, 249 ; Vidaii, 105 Candle Trees, 50 j Candytuft. 156 Candytufts, the carmine, 2 ] Cannas, 301 I Canterbury Bells, 137 ; and Thyme, 119 Cantua dependens, 234 ; from the Isle of Wight. 163 ; Capsicum a berried plant ? Is the. 371 I Carbolic acid as an insecticide, 276 i Cardamine rotundifolia, 23 Cardoons, 156 Carnation and Picotee, the florist, 416 Carnation, a new. ilrs. Lora Armstrong, 231 ; a new, Sunset, 181 ; a purple-flowered, 181 ; as a market flower, the, 24; border, I Countess of Paris, 39; Grenadin,02; Mal- raaisoii, a new, 82. 389; Marcuerite, 62; i Miss Aubrey Campbell, 291 ; Mr?. L. Arm- strong, 194; new apricot-cobuired, 43; seedliii;;, a beautiful yellow— Ceres, 328; Souvenii- de la ilalmaison, 112 ; the old , Clove, 62 1 Carnations, 64, 170, 238; at Far Forest Creeper for arched doorway, itc, 276 Vicar-iffe, 147; border, 31, 151, 185 ; from Cricket St. Thomas, 242 I seed, ISO Crinum, 215 ; Moorei, 316 Carnations in July, seedling, 91 ; Mal- maison, 15. 155, 206, 25'> ; Mnhnuisun, the u elessnessol, 15i, 180. 224 ; ws in frames in spring, 4S Cycas leaves, dried, 278 Cyclamen, Persian, 344; hardiness of, 80; white, 300 Cyclamens, Persian, 156 ; at The Warren House, 373 Cycnoches maculata, 311 Cydonia Sargenti, 26, 39 ; Simoni, 267 Cypella Herberti, 352 ; plumbea, 407 Cyphomandra fragrans, 295 Cypripedium acaule, 41 ; Calceolus, 41 ; insigne, 273,306 ; raacranthum, 41 ; pubes- cens, 41 ; spectabile, 41 ; x I'ltor, 155 Cyrtanthus, 215 ; odoriis, 89, 126 Cytisus albus, 251 ; andreanus, 65. 116 ; nigri- cans, 251 ; praicox, 251 ; scoparius, 251 ; s. pallidus, 251 ; s. var. andreanus failing, 41 D. Dactylis glomerata variegata, 25S Diedalacanthus parvus, 280 Daffodil in 1903, the, 217; .show in South Africa, the first, 279 ; the book of the, 87 Daft'odils from seed, 44, 83 ; new double, 132; seasonable work among the, 80 Dag^'er Plant, the, 254 Dahlia, Cactus, Mrs. D. B. Crane, 215 ; Vesta, 233 ; faucies, 161, 205 ; fashions, 115 ; in America, the, 292 Dahlias, 40, 344 ; a plea for decorative, 224 ; Cactus, judging, 192 ; C, new, Messrs. James Stredwick and Son's, 256 Decorative gardening and horticultural science, 73 Delphinium Belladonna, 61 ; B. from seed, 2 Delphiniums at Margate, 131 Dendrobium houses, 171 Dianthus callizonus, 298 ; cajsius. 236 ; galli- cus. 221 Dichorisandra thyrsiflora, 353 Digging and trenching, 362 Dipladeniao. 238 Disa Clio, 74, 99 Dodder on Heather and Gorse, 163, 197 ; the, 12 Dodecatheons, 94 Doronicum, 243 Dracocephalum peregrinum, 249 Earl's Court Exhibition, gaxdening at, 146 Ebony, the, 254 Eccremocarpus scaber, 103 Echinops macrocephalus, 103, 196 Edelweiss, the, 284 Edinbu'gh Royal Botanic Gardens, improve- ments at, 440 ; show, the, 178 Eiders for their fruit. 25',' Elm, the Winged, 205 Embothrium coccineum, 73 Endive, 04, 226, 382 Epidendrum, a remarkable, 270 Epipactis americana, 38 Episcia fulgida. 263 Eranthemum tuberculatum, 109 Eremnri frnm seed, 181 Eremurus Him-rob, 27 Erica ciuerea, 104 ; Tetralix, 164 ; vulgaris, 164 Erigeron speciosus var. grandiflorus, 427 Erinacea pungens, 309 Eryngium amethjstiuum, 229; pandani- folium, 284 Erythronium Dens-canis. 243 E^cailonia exoniensis, 399 Espaliers, wooden, 160 Ether, foicing plants by means of, 57 Eucalyptus Gunni. 261 Eucryphia cordifolia. 259 Exacum raacranthum, 137, 273 Exhibition Rose analysis, 1896— 1903, 424, 440 Far Forest, flowers at, 127 Farnham Royal, notes from, 90 Fernery, an outdoir, 207 Fern-like plants for the flower garden, 65 Si6%yi INDEX. ['* Thf: Garden," December i*G, 190S. Perns. 258 ; British, 385 ; eccentric. 45 ; from Ireland, 262 Ficus repena fruiting. 3US Fig, Brown Turkey, on open walls, 257 ; the, 72 Figs, 208; early, in pots, 25 Floods in the Lea Valley, 88 Flora uf Derbyshire, 402 Flower, borrler, a well-coloured, 400 Flower borders, bold effects in, yO ; show destroyed, a. 147 ; shows, Kentish, Vll FloweiP, and the season, 291; from an Isle of Wight garden, 307 ; from Newry, 194 ; fruits, and vegetable?, overgrown, 329, 399 ; outdoor, 24G ; planting moistureloviny;, Gl ; sales nf, at shows, 90 ; spring, 323 Fly plague, the, lo8 Forde Abbey, 242 Forest Flora of New Zealand, the, 121 Fraxinus Ornus, 2(S7 ; Mariesii, hardiness of, 127 Freesias, 79, 137, 215 French Horticultural Society of London, bulletin of the, 87 Fritillaria Meleagria, 243 Fritillary, Ihe Snake's-head, 243 Fruit crops, the, S2, 125 ; the season's, 14f'i ; culture in the Channel Islands, 117 ; flavour in, 309 ; and vegetable show and confer- ence, 229; and vegetables, imports of. 147 ; packing and selling, 204 ; grower, a champion, 195 ; growers and railway rates, 108 ; growiug in Perthshire, 422 ; house-grown, 12 ; houses, humidity in, 100; in France, scarcity of. 279; pests, destructive, 279 ; Government entiuiry into, 50; scarcity of, in West iMiddlesex. 40; shttws, notes about, 400 ; tree pruning, 188, 401 ; trees under glass, autumn treat- ment of, 170 Fruits, Howers, and vegetables, overgrown, 399; hardy. 13G, 225, 272, 324, 398 ; in 1903, 37 ; the influence of climate on, 56 Fuchsia, the, as a bedding plant, 147 ; walk, the famous, at Penrhyn, 151 Fuchsias, 170, 268 Fungi, edible, 185 ; exhibition of, 74 Funkias, the, 297 Gaillardias, 362 Galanihus nivalis octobrensis, 332 Galega patuln grandiflora, ^9 Garden, a, at Girton, 2fi5 ; city, the. 276; in flood-time, a, 93 ; of the Royal Horticul- tural Socierv, the new, 128; ornament, 300, 338, 3')9; round about a, 29, 62, 96, 114, 235, 250. 309, 391 ; the new, of the Royal Horiirultural Society, 106; the new, at Wisley, 371 Gardener's calling, the, 340 Gardeneis' dinner, a great, 229, 294 ; dinner committee, the, 214 Gardeneis, youoir, instruction for, 352 Gardening for Wotnen, the Edinburgh School of, 312 ; in South Inalpini, 263 Kniphufia Burchelli, 263 ; modesta, 278 Kniphoflas, 417 Lahurnum caramanicum, 203 Lhcc Balk, the, 254 Lachenalia, 215 Lady Mnrgaiet Hall, Settlement, the, 104 Lady's Slippers, hardy, 41 La'lio-Catlleya Norba superba, 321 La'lia elegans at the Woodlands, 178 ; Helen, 303 Lantana delicatissima, 197; neglect of the, 128 Lapagerias, 239 Latham, Mr., presentation to, 294 Lathyrus latifolius grandiflorus albus, 3 Lavatera Olbia, 108 Law, 159 Lawns, walks, and borders, 136 Leadwork, 300, 338, 359 Lechlade, Gloucester, a note from, 108 Leeks, 207 Leontopodiura alpinum, 284 Leopard's Bane, 243 Lettuce, 136, 226, 382 ; a new, the Staghorn, 295; at the Drill Hall, 231; a valuable autumn, 189 Lettuces, 57 Lewisia Tweedyi, 28, 200 Lilium, 215; albanuni, 286; auratum, 286; a. and varieties, 296 ; a. at Chorley Wood, 294 ; a. bulb decaying, 160 ; a. platy- phyllum (Shirley var.), 16; bakerianum, 333; Beerensi, 333; Bolaiideri, 333;Browni and varieties, 333 ; bulbiferum, 334 ; Bur- banUi. 254 ; cauadense and vars., 354 ; canriidum, 128; and vars, 354; elegans Peter Barr, 38; Harrisii, 361 ; Kelloi^gii,16 ; loHMifloruni Hairi8ii,225 ; poinponium, 149 ; .^zoviiziaiiuni, 247, 316; tigrinum Fortune! diseased, 160 Lilinms, 101; from Colchester, 38 ; potting, 381 Lily failures in 1903, 6 Lily, of the Valley,225,362; Scarborough. 215; the Belladonna, 299; the white, 6; the best form of, 183 Lilies diseased, 99; in 1903, 261 ; in Regent's Paik, 246; notes on, 284, 296, 333, 354, 376 Lime trees and salt water, 212 Liriope spicata, 331 Lithospermum piustratura, 99, 150 Lol)elia syphilitica alba, 233 Lot»tlias, herbaceous, 44":; ; the autumn, 258 Locklnge, notes from, Lady Wantage's gar- den. 190 Loganbeirv, the, 25, 107. 227 Loganberries from anorth wall, 54 Lonicera chinensis, 230; Hildebrandti, 181 Lotus Jacotiicus, 230; pelitirhyncus, 279; tetragonolobu?, 54 Luculia cratissinift, 390 Lupin, the tree, 91 Lupins, tree. 224 Luzula nivfa, tjeauty of, 23 Lychnis chalcedonica, 28 Lycoris equandgera, 270 Lysimachia Ilenryi, 2U9 M. Magnolia Campbelli, 3f3 ; glauca, 234 Mahogany, the, 255 INlnizeas an autumn vegetable. 232 Malniaison layers, 86 Malvastrnm lateritium, 190 ; muuroanum, 231 Mamraee-Sapota, 254 Maples, Japanese, 57 Marigolds in pots, 279, 295 Markets, notes from the, 308, 403, 419 Marrows and manure, 88; the custard, 173, 343 ; vegetable, 136 Meadow Sattrons at Chelsea, 253 ;Meconopsis, seedling, 38 Melbury, 242 Melon fruits, supporting, 65 ; Golden Orange, 287 Mttons, 64, 101 ; and Grapes in the Channel Islands, 317 Mesembryanthemum e'egans roseum, 179 Metrosideros floiitiunda, 234 Mexican liouses, 171 Mignonette, 30, lis. 227, 258, 381; Machet White Pearl, 26!» Miltonia Roezlii, 85 ; vexillaria, 358 ; v. and its varietie?, 33 Mistletoe, 261 Mitraria coccinea, 234 Morels, the, 186 Mulching, 381 Mulgedium Plumieri, 54 Muscari, 243 Mushrooms, 102, 207. 344; giant, 197; acme popular errors about, 84 N. Napsea dioica, 200 Narcissi, the transplanting of, 216 Narcissus, 216 ; poeticusfl.-pl. not flowering, 256 Nasturtiums, dwarf bedding, 23 National Gardeners Guild, 401 Natural history of plants, the, 121 Nectarine, a good September, 214 Nectarines, 46 Neniesia stiumosa Suttoni, 90 Nepenthes ventricosa, 263 Nerine, 215 Nerines from Ireland, 330 New and rare plants, 203, 237 Newry. flowers from, 37 Nicholson, F.L.S., Mr. George, 422 North Wales, weather in, 192 Notable gardens, 84, 201, 242 Notes from a small garden in North Wales,^ 411 Notospartium Carniichaelia% 109 Nuisery garden, Mr. James Douglas', Great Buokham, 138 Nursery gardens, 172 Nut, the, 257 Nymphioa, anew, 114; George Huster, 204; gigantea, note on, 310 Nymph.'cas, the best, 165 ; the blue, 383, 409 O. Oak, my friend the Flicker, 194 ; the Burr^ 205 Oaks, the hammock under the, 131 Obituary, 36, 121, 159, 212, 308 Ochna multiflora not a stove shrub, 2 Odontoel'ssum crispum,ii7; and allied spe- cies, 244 ; c. grail eanum, 67 Odontcglossums, culture of, 244 Olmsted, Frederick Law, 212 Onions, 16, 136 ; autumn-sown, 304 ; harvest- ing, 170; Tiipoli, 119 Ophiopogon Jaburan variegatum, 332 Orchard, a Coxs Orange Pippin. 313; house, 226,344; I laiiLing a small, 315 Orchards, foimation (>f, 225 Orange, tlie, 47 ; the Tangeiine, 311 Orchid guide, 1901-3, Sander's, addenda to, 67 Orchids, 171, 272, 417; and leaf-mould, 137 ; atTheGlebelands, Woodford, 358; British, 305; liow fertilised, 352 ; in Greater Man- chester, 430, 444 ; their culture and management, 87 Orchis laiifolia, 62 Orchises, three hardy, 89 Osmanthus ilicifolius piirpureus, 3 Ostrowskia magniflca, 381 Overgrown flowers, Iruits, and vegetables, 399 Oxalis lobata, 332 Pachistimas. the. 132 Pa_>onies. herbaceous, 15 Palm, the Betel Nut. 282 Palms, the most useful, 171, 240 Pansy, tufted. Queen of ttie year, 147, 164; Walter Gale, 124 Pansies, 31 ; bedding, 66 ; Tufted, a note on, 312; T., as rock plants, 3; T., mulching, 41 ; T., propagating for autumn planting, 130 ; T., white, 198 Park Lane, flowers in. 265 Park Place, Henley-on-Thames, S4 Parks of New York, 423 Parsley, 119. 258 Paths, gaiden, 428, 442 Pavettacatfra, 38 Pea, Carter's Michaelmas, 273 ; Sutton's Matchless Marrowfat. 173; the Gladstone, 163, 206; Veitch's Acme. 21 Peas. (i4, 188, 417 ; early, in frames, pots, and borders, 418; Everlasting, 42; E., some deliglitful. 54; Irish-grown, 231 Peach, a new, Libra, 109; late, Sea Eagle, 287 ; Nectarine, 287 ; Peregrine. 126, 167 ; tree, border, a. 402; trees, Uunieas affect- ing, 154 ; trees, not fruiting, 212 The Garden," Decemher SO, lOOS.] INDEX. Peaches, 30, 46, 101, 20S, 258, 323 ; cold house, at Woodlands Vale, Ryde, 312 ; early, 116 ; pot, 3S1 ; weather and ripening, 58 Pear and Apple, the auninier pruning of, 13S Pear, Conference, 3S4 ; Marechal de la Cour, 341 ; midge, the. 17 : the, 47 ; trees, cordon, 305; I'vedale's St. Geroiain at Gation, 315 Pears, early, 172 Peed and Sons, Messrs., West Norwood, 342 Pelargonium, Ivy-leaved, Mme. Crousse, 77; Paul Crampel. 30, 55 Pelargoniums, 85, 118; Ivydeaved, 266; show, 25S ; zonal, 101. 117, 171; choice, 397 ; for winter. 20S Pentstemon, Newbury Gem, 407 Pentstemons, 188 ; seedling, ISO Pernettyas, 417 Phala-nopsis, 351 Philadelphus Manteau d'Hermine, 61 Philesia buxifolia, 234 Phloxes, 1.''5, l.'iil; lierhaceous, 151 ; at Swan- more Park, '.10; theStar,181 ; white, '206, 385 Phyllostachys Henonis, 408 ; nigra in tlower, 270 Physianthus albens, 146, 100 Phytolacca decaiidra, 3-^8 Picotee, white and yellow ground, the. 379, 393 Pine-apple culture, 363 ; in the tropics, the. 100 Pine-apples, a few notes about, 271 Pink, a perpetual flowering, 104 ; Mrs. Sin- kins, 18(1 ; Samuel Barlow, 22 Pinks, 31; forced. 351; single Mule, 106; two, for hlDoniiiig in pots, 371 Pinus, a general view of the genus, 390 Plant portraits, recent, 32, 120, 191, 259, 330 ; shelter, a, 225 Plants and bulbs, spring-flowering', natu- ralising, 220, 24;J ; herbaceous, four un- common, 233 ; new and rare, 16, 245, 209: rare, at Mount Edgcumbe, 356 ; some neglected, 337; tying, 289; under trees, 160, 4117 Platyceriums at Glasgow Botanic Gardens, 440 Plum Late Orange (Rivers'), 262 ; President, 262 flums, 40 ; German, 197 Plumbajio capensis, 416 ; Larpentffi, 297 Poinsettias, 137, 188, 273 Polianthes tuberosa, 215 Polyanthus, 244 Pulyatithuses, £5 Polygala Chaniajbuxus purpurea, 330 Polygonum attine, 20ii, 332 ; amplexicaule var. oxyphyllura, 313 ; baldschuanicum, 330; capitatum, 332 Polyporei, the, 186 Pomegranate and Bignonia flowers from Hampshire. 307 PomoIoKical Congress in 1904, 279 Pondweed, 212 Ponticum?, too many, 407 Pope, Mr. W., 88 Poppies, new Iceland, 180; Shiiley, 199; Welsh, double, 259 Pttsth, Cliarles Jules Frederick, 160 potato disease, 57 ; inspection, Midlothian, 295; NoUhern Star, 279; N. S., diseased, 406; Sir J. Llewelyn, 190; society, a national, 277, 313 ; trials at Aughton, Lancashire, 278 Potatoes, 156, 258; a gloomy outlook for, 173; a record price for Kent-grown, 162; disease among, 206; disease-resisting, 242. 245, 204, 283, 306, 322 ; early, 46 ; early forced, 398; extraordiuaiy, 247; failures and successes with, 223 ; in 1903, 310 ; wonderful, 262 Pot-pourri, the making of. 148 Presentation, 147 ; to Mr. Robert Sydenham, 406 Primula capitata, 106; kewensis, 10; sinen- sis, 64 Primulas, 137 Primrose, the common, 244 Primroses, 05 Priory, The. Nettleatone, Isle of Wight, 207 Privet, the California, as a hedge plant, 423 Piuning fruit trees, 401 Prunus spinosa purpurea, 336 "Puff Balls," the, 186 Pulmonaria, 243" Pyrethiums, 12 Q. tjueensland garden, notes from a, 373 Rabbits barking trees, 57 Radishes, 288 Ragged Robin, the double, 82 Railway station flower gardens, 75 Ranunculi, 362 Raspberry, Belle de Fontenay, in November, Raspberry-Blackberry, The Mahdi, 124 Raspberries, autumn, 3-26 Ravenscourt Park, Hammersmith, flowers in 179 Reinwardtia tetragyna, 423 Resurrection plants, 371 Rhododendron Mrs. Harry IngersoU, 371 Rhododendron nobleanum, 262; Pink Pearl, Rhododendrons, 288; and the season, 263; Himalayan, 73; in Cornwall, 377; in Hyde Park, 3 ; seedling, 2U5 Rhubarb. 3(14 Rhus cotinoides in autumn, 295 Rich, the rights of the. 177, 195 Kichardia afiicana, lid ; tuthiopica. 308; flowers, 418; hybrid, 2 Rights of the rich, 177. 195 Riviera notes. 37t; Robin ias, the, 116 Rock bed planting, 160 Rock beds, small, on flat ground, 249 Kockeries, 362 Rook garden, a famous. Ill ; making, 98,249; liondeletia striyusa, 22 Rosa, Berberiifolia Hardii. 203; indica Miss Willmott, 2(13. lucida, 330; rugosa, 203; r. Blanc double de Couberi, 128 ; r. x Poly- antha, 88; r. repeua alba, 32; r. var. Agnes Emily Carman, 206 ; sinica, 95 Rose, a forgotten, 22; a new climbing, Perle des Neiges, 248; a new. Earl of Warwick, H.T., 214; a rare garden. Bonnet, 328; Aim^e Vibert, 81 ; Alberic Barbier, 32 ; Albert Foures, 169 ; Amateur Teyssier, 248 ; Amy Robsart, lu ; Bardou Job, 202 ; Brais- wick Fairy, 55 ; buds, 233; failing to open, 160 ; CarolineTestout,357 ; CharlesGraham, H.P.,135; climbing Mme. de Watteville, 180; Clio, H.T.. 44; Cloth of Gold, 5; Countess of Derby, T., 135 r cuttings, 232; Damask, perpetual, 291; Dorothy Perkins. 289; Duchess of Westminster, H.T., 135; Etoile de France, 335; ex- hibiting for beginners, 4 ; exhibition at Regent's Park, .SO; F^licile Perpetue. 169; Florence Pemberton, H.T., 135; Funune"8 Yellow at Lock Inge, 10 ; Franvoise Crousse, 169; Frau Karl Druschki, 32, 38, ;i3."»; Frau Peter Lambert, 180; General Hjrou Berge, 414 : Georee Dicksm, H.T., 134; Georne Prince, H.T.. 135; Gilbert Nabonnand, 407; Grace Darling, 169; growers, ahint to, 307; growth diseased, 160 ; Gross an Teplitz, 180; Gustave Regis. 180 ; H. V. Machin, H.P., 135; I.ish Beauty, 202 ; Irish Glory. 2(12 ; Jersey Beauty, 336 ; Killarney. 335; Lady Battersea, 32; Lady RobertP, 247; Maman Cochet, lU; Marie Pavie, 307; Marie Pavic','' pHViey Favie? 260 : Marjorie, 202 ; Mercedes (Rug )88), 180; Mme. Alfred Cair-^re, 292; Mme. Antoine Mari, 247; Mme. Berkeley, Tea, 307; Mme. Isaac Pereire at Ariibigland. N.B.. 336; Mme. Marie Lavalley, 206; Mis. Pierpoint Morean. T., 135; Mme. Pierre Cochet.169; Mme. Vermorel, 247 ; iloridng Gli>w, 247 ; new Amateur Teyssier, H.T., 231 ; NoeiUNahonnand,10: nursery, agreat mai ket, 7 ; Oskar Cordel, H.P.,135 ; Pauline Bersey, 230; Paul's Single White, 203; Peace, 10 ; Perle von Godesberg, 10 ; Reichsgraf E. von Kesselstatt. 260 ; Rene Andr6, 32; show, proposed autumn, 277; single white Macartney. 203 ; Suuvenir de Pierre Notting, 247 ; The Garland, 11 : Viscountess Falmouth, II. T., 44; White Lady. 336 Roses, 46, 156 ; a bowl of, 108 ; and dead trees, 10 ; and summer pruning, 208 ; annual, 259; at Cheahnnt. 32; at East Burnham Patk. 90; at Ruckmans, Ockley, 81 ; at Wolverhampton, 44 ; autumn- flowering single, 202 ; autumn planting, 280; climbing, on peigolas, 233 ; climbing Tea and Hybrid Tea spuria. 307 ; crimson and scarlet, for autumn, 335 ; exhibition, for beginners. 232 ; garden, the worthy use of, 248; g. , thoughts on, 13 ; grouping, 5 ; in Aldenham House Gardens, 5; in pots, 344 ; in 1903, 295 ; 1903, notes from a York- shire garden, 152 ; jottings about, 110, 247, 306, 3")7, 374 ; La France and Augustine Guinoisseau- the sport, 308; Monthly or China, 398; mulching, and its evils, 357; new, about, 248 ; notes on new decorative or garden, 58 ; notes on new exhibition, £ ; November, 407 ; of bright colouring, three bedding, 168; pillar, 6; Polyantha, 413; pot, 30, 233 ; pruning, 293 ; some new. 295 ; at the Abbey Park show, Leicester, 134; Tea, in pillar form, 335 ; the wichuraiana. 62; w., among the Sweet Briars and, 7; w. hybrids, 306 ; winter protection of, 441 ; with persistent folia^te, 374 Rowe atid Sons, Messrs. W. B., Barbourne Nurseries, 290 Rubus rosiefolius, 312, 332, 422, 430 ; r. fruit- ing. 350 ; laciniatus, 319 ; moluccanus. 3 Rudbeckia pinnata, 284 ; subtomentosa, 278 Ruellia macrantha, 422 Russelia juncea, 332 Saffron, double White Meadow, 351 Salads, winter, 156 Salsafy, 273 Salvia azurea grandiflora, 307 ; glutinosa. 199 ; patens, 361 ; tutilans, 351 ; Sclarea 249 Sambucus canadensis, 183 Sandringham, 302 Saxifraga cortusjufolia, 293; Kortunei, 293, 311, 373, 391 ; granulata flote-pleno, 243 ; lingulata var. lautoscana, ()() Saxifragas, two late-flowering, 294 Saxifrages, mossy, as edging plants, 28 Scabiosa Parnassi, 164 Scabious, annual, l(i6 Scbizocodon soldanelloides, 01 Schizostylis coccinea, 374 Schomburgkias, 382 Scilla, 243 Scotland, notes from, 43, 81, 1.5.''), 195 Scottish railway rates for horticultural produce, 332 Seakale, 16, 272. 344 Sedum spectabile, a fine form of, 259 Seeds which should be kept, 72 Sempervivum?, 160 Senecio adonidifolius (syn. artemisi:i'foIius), 414; Clivorum, 109 ; Galpini,l79; pulcher, 373 ; tanguticus, 237 Senecios, 376 Shakespeare Country, the, 121 Shallots, 30 Shasta Daisy, the, 261 Shelter, a plant, 225 Sherborne Castle, Dorset, 242 Show and conference, fruit and vegetable, 229 ; and sports, a village, 191 ; Holland House flower, 17 ; Leicester flower, 103 ; the National Rose Society's, 1 ; the Temple Rose, 19 Shrewsbury fl(tral fete, 177 Shrub and tree liook, a beautiful, 414 Shrubberies, planting, 288 Shrubs, berried, 378; for buttresses, 160; for seaside, 212 ; in a Wigtr)nshire garden, 409 ; new and unc-immon, 234 ; and trees, 24, 41, 60, 76, 95. 115, 135, 152. 167, 183, 201, 219, 234, 251, 263, 301. 336, 355, 377, 399, 400 ; in Aldenbain House Gardens, 132 ; Japan, some lesser-known, 167, 183, 201, 220 ; new, :J02 ; planting, 330 Sidalcea Candida Rosy Gem, 241 Silene Arenaria, 222 Slug catcbing, 20 Smiih, Mr. William. 171 Smith and Co., Messrs. Ricbaid, Worcester, 204 Snapdragons, &c., 160 Snowdrop, the, 243 Snowdrops in grass, 222 Societies— Aberdeen Chrysanthemum, 404 ; Royal Horticultural, '^91 Ascot UorliciiliurHl, 364 Beckeidiam Honicnltural, 260, 274, 328 Birmingham Cln-jsunthemum, 347 Bolttm, 403 Border District ChrTsanthemum, 420 Brighton Hiuticultur.tl. 174 Bristol Chrysanthemum, 404 ; Gardeners, 124. 102, 327 British Pteridological Society, 123 Cardiff Gardeners", 159. 192. 260, 274 ; and County Horticultural, 87; Chrysanthe- mum, 340 Chard, 192 Chester Paxton. 367 Colchester Horticultural, 365 Commons and Footpaths Piesei vation, 174, 40S Crovdon Horticultural, 50, 69, 174, 192. 228, 274, ZOS, 420 Derbyshire Agricultural and Horticul- tural, 228 Dulwich Horticultural, 326, 365 Dumfriesshire and Galloway Horticultural, 191 Dundee Chrysanthemum, 420 Dutch Horticultural and Botanical, 140 East End Window Gardening, 408 Edinburgh Chrysanthemum, 385 English Arburicultural, 159 Exeter Chrysanthemum, 345 Gardeners, a proposed, for, 349 Horticultural science, for, 39 French Horticultural, of London, 51 ; National Chrysanthemum, 368 Gateacie, 140 Glasgow and West of Scotland Pansy, 75 Great Marlow Horticultural, 140 Hanley Horticultural, 5o Harrow Horticultural, 35 Hereford Fruit and Chrysanthemum, 3(j8 Horto-Agricultural of Piedmont, jubilee of the, 391 Highgate Chrysanthemum, 364 ; Horticul- tural, 71 Hull Chrysanthemum, :J86 Hurst and Son Musical, 372 Huyton and Roby, 102 Itish Gardeners' Association and Benevo- lent, 10.1 Kent County Chrysanthemum, 346 Kidderminster and District Horticultural, 367 Ladvwell and Lewisham Horticultural, 175 Liverpool Horticultural, 305, 360, 420; Root, 274 Societies— Manchester Dahlia, 209 ; Rose, 51 Melton Mowbray and District, 403 National Amateur Gardeners', 51, 174, 228, 260, 274, 420 National Chrysanthemum, 34S, 404 National Dahlia, 176 National Carnation and Picotee, 70, 158 National Rose, 1, 161, 19(;, 421, 434; at < ilasgow, 67 ; date of Holland Park show, 202 National Sweet Pea, 52 Newbury Horticultural, 104, 122 Newport (Mon.) Horticultural, 102 Norfulk and Norwich Chrysanthemum, 387 ; Rose, 34 Portsmouth Rose, 34 Reading Gardeners', 328, 420 ; Rose, 34 Richmond Horticultural, 34 Rock Feiry, 140 Romford and Essex Horticultural, 52 Royal Agricultural, IS Ro>al Botanic, 124 Royal Caledonian Horticultural, 196, 208 Royal Horticultural, 36, 50, 69, 103, 141 175. 210, 275, 328, 387; and a horticul tural college, 391 ; conference on vege tables, 260 ; examinations in 1904, 278 new Hall and Garden, 300 ; of Ireland 191 Saltaire, Shipley, and District Rose, 123 Sandy Horticultural, 175 Sbetheld Chrysanthemum, 366 Sherborne Gardeners', 140, 328 Shrewsbury, 143 Sidcup Chrysanthemum, 365 Southampton Chrysautiiemum, 345 ; Horti- cultural, 408 Southern Counties Carnation, 102 Stroud Horticultural, 228 Sutton Rose, 49 Torquay Chrysanthemum, 327 Trowbridge Horticultural, 159 Ulverston Rose, 52 United Horticultural Benefit and Provi- dent, 52, 124, 275 L'pton, 140 West of England Chrysanthemum, 346 Wills Hiuticultural, 141 Winchester Horticultural, 367 Windsor and Eton Ruse, 35 Wulverhampton, 50 Wood bridge, 52 Wcolton Gatdeners", 364, 420 York Chrysanthemum, 380 Solatium capsicastrum, 188 ; crispnm, 149, 178 ; jasniinoides, 330, 390 Sour-sop, the, 71 South African plants in Encliah gardens, 4(30 South Devon, flowerd in, 179 Southern Paciflc Islands, Flora of the, 439 South wark Park, b25 Sparaxis, 215 Spinach, 16 ; for winter, 102, 119 Spindle Tree, the, 263 Spirrea Aitchisoni, 220; ariiefolia, 38 ; cieipi- tosa, 20 ; Undleyana, 95, 183 Spooner, Messri. S. and Sons, HounsloM*, 384 Sprekelia formusissima, 215 Stebbing, F.R.S., the Rev. T. R. R., 422 Stenoglottis longifolia, 263 Step forward, a, 125 Stock. Sutton's, All the Year Round, 22 Stocks, East Lothian, 226 ; Wallflower- leaved, 128 Stonehenge and the barbed wire fence, 50 Strainer, the, 72 Strawberry, a new, The Roydon, 296 ; Eleanor, in July, 74 ; farm in Wisconsin, a, 79; forcing, preparing fir, 305; Givou's Laie Prolific, 38, 55; Loxfoid Hall, 109; season, the, 48;; the Himalayan, 197; Trafalgar, 16, 157 Strawberries, 46, 61, 86, 118, 156, 208, 238 ; alpine, 271 ; autumn, 319 ; iu pots, 30, 288 ; preserving, 75 Strawberry-Raspberry, the, in autumn, 353, 411 Streptocarpus flowers from Aldenham House, 54 Streptocarpuses in the flower garden, 95 Succulent plants, tieda of, 246 Summer-houses of simple design, 993 Swanley Horticultural College, 38 Swanswick, notes from, 61, 93, 110 Sweet Briars and wichuraiana Roses, among the, 7 Sweet Pea, Dorothy Eckford, 75 ; Lord Rose- bery, 75 ; year, a, 155 Sweet Peas, 324 ; in late October, 3U8 ; 1903. four, 294 Sweet-sop, the, 71 Sweet William, the double crimson. 65, 100 Sydenham, Mr. Robert, 192 ; presentation to, 406 Symfhyandra Hofmanni, 113 Tacsonia insignis, 76 Tamarind, the, 47 Terregles, N.B., a note from, 373 Thompson, Mr. William, V.M.H., 36 Thorn, the tansy-leaved, 409 INDEX. [" The Garde)},'' December "20, 1903. Tibouchina IieLeromalla, luy ; niacrantUa, 391 Tomato crop, the outdoor, 162 ; culture under glasa without rtre-heat, 33 Tomatoes, 18S : against wall^, 30 ; for winter, 64 ; yellow, tor market, "27!) Town gardening, li7 Tree and bush fruits, hardy, culture of, 2i)4 Tree and shrub bo'ik, a beautiful, 414 Tree book, the, 121 Trees, effect of grass on. 305; old, pruning, 39S ; plants under, 100; staking, 362 ; the grouping of, 81) ; transplantinLi large, 355 Trees and shrubs, 24. 41, 60, 76, *.>5, 115, 135, ir)2, 167, 183, 201, 219, 234, 251, 263, 301, 336, 355, 377, 399, 409 ; in Aldenham House Gardens. 132; new, 302; planting, 336; Japan, some lessei -known, 167, 1S3, 201, 220 Tricuspidaria hexapetala, 234 Tropaeolum polyphyllum, 3'.>, 78; Sunlight, 58 ; speciosum, 109, 137 Tropa? jlums, compact, 379 Truffles, the, 186 Tulipa Greigi, 23; Hageri, 23; kaufman- niana, 23; kolpakowskyana, 23; Korol- kowi, 23; ianata, 23; Leichtlini, 24; lini- folia, 24 ; T-ownei, 24 ; macrospila, 40 ; maculala and varieties, 40 ; maleulens, 40 ; mauritiana. 40; JNrjuletti, 4u ; Maxi- raowiczii, 40; micheltana, 40; montana, 40 ; nitida, 40 ; ostr^wskyana, 77 ; peraica, 77; phiiranidea, 77; planifolia, 77; platystigma, 77 ; prnacux, 77 ; priestans, 77 ; primulina, 77 ; pulchella, 77 ; retroHexa, 92 ; saxatilis, 92 ; Sprengeri, 92 ; stellata, 92 ; strangulata and varieties, 92 ; suaveolens, 77,92; sylvestris and varieties, 92; triphylla, 92; undulatifolia, 92; violacea, 92; viriditlora and varieties, 92 ; vitelliiia, 92 ; wilsouiana, 92 Tulipas. the, 23, 40, 77, 92, 150, 160, 21S Tulip, Beauty of America, 150 ; Beethoven, 106 ; Blushing Bride, 150 ; Bouton d'Or. 150; Clara Butt, 166; Coquette, 166; Cottager, 150 ; Diana, 160 ; Early Dawn,166 ; Fairie IJiieen, 150; Klaniheau, 166; G'lla Beautv. 150 ; Glow, 166 ; Gold Flake, 150 ; Harry Veitch, 166 ; Hecla. 166; Hipoolyte, 166; Inslescombe Scarlet, 150; Innova- tion, 150 ; Kmg Haruld, 166 ; La Candnur, 150, 166 ; La Merveille, 150 ; La Noire. 166 : Leghorn Bonnet, 150 ; Loveliness, 166 ; Maid of Honuur, 150 ; Marie, 166 ; Mart Capello, 166; Orange King, 150 ; Painted Lady, 166 ; farisiaii Yellow, 151 ; Phyllis, 166 ; Picotee, 151 ; Ruby, 160 ; Striped Beauty, 151 ; Sweet Nancy, 151 ; The Fawn, 151 ; Yellow Gem, 151 ; Zephyr, 186 Tulips, 101, 210, 225; beddinsr. 21S ; cottage, naturalising, 212; Darwin, 100; early- flowei'ing. 218; forcing, 218; May-flowering or cottage, 150 ; Parrot, 219 Turnip, the autumn and winter supply, 190 Turnips, 220 ; for winter, 80; strap-leaved, 139 TydEeas, 170 Tying, 254 Vallota purpurea, 111, 215 Vanda teres, tluwering of, 138 Vases, garden, 57 Veeetable. a useful spririy, Good King Henry, 119; exhibits, well-arranged, 423 Vegetables, exhibiting. 223 ; fiuits and flowers, overgrown, 399 ; important, 173 ; protecting, 2.'i7 Veitch and Sons, Messrs. J., jubilee of, 74 Verbascuni viigatum, 89 A^erbena, the neglect of the, 21, 82, 117, 270 Veronica hulkeana, 115, 188 Veronicas, shrubby, 93, 332 Village show and sports, a, 191 Vine, a new. 203 ; the Hampton Court, 331 Vines, 15. 80. 136. 156. 238, 304, 344, 417 ; famous, 320 ; Muscat, failing, 66 ; reno- vating old, 17 Vinerie-', early, 304 Violas, 226; as rock plants, 3; in Kegent's Park, 88 Violet, the Dog's-tooth. 243 Violets, 46 ; Sweet, and Pansies and Violets from mountain and plain. 4 ; winter, 304 Vitis Thoinsuni, 203 Wallace. Alfred Russel, 437 ■Wallflowers, Polyanthus, and Myosotis, 323 Waltham Cross, notes from, 342 Wasps and huruets, 196 Waterer, Mr. Anthony, Knap Hill, Woking, 172 Water Lilies, 31 ; blue, 189; hybrid, failing, 06; in 1003, 104 Waterlow Park, Chrysanthemums at, 325 Watsonia, 216 West Indian plants, two useful, 72 Wild garden, the, 06 Willows, ornamental, 205 Wilson, Mr. E. H., 352 Wineberry, the. 25 Wi-dey trials. 408 Woodbri'lire show, ft iiit and H ivvers at tlie, 55 Woodland, the, 205 Worcesterahire notes, 20 Workers anu>ng the fluwers, 171 ILLUSTRATED ARTICLES. A. Aconituni Wilsoni, 339 Agapanthus, Messrs. Bull's, 67 Agaric, the Brilliant Kly, 1S6 Akebia lobata, fruit of, 370 Anchusa capensis, 54 Androsace lanuginosa, 379 Anemone alpina in the Alps. 397 ; narcisai- flora seedling, 113 ; polyanthes, the rare, in the rock garden at Kew, 43 Anemones, seedling 270 Apple Beauty of Kent in Messrs. James Veitch's Langley nursery, 239 ; Lane's Prince Albert, 323; Middle Green, 292; Queen Alexandra, 449 Aquilegia glandiUoga, groups of, 27 Arch looking south, 394 Aspidistra lurida, flowers of, 29 Autumn garden, a corner in the, 255 Battersea Park, a sub-Lropical elade in, 235 Beale, Mr. William, the late, 308 Bean, Broad, a row of Carter's Leviathan, 289 ; the Green Long Pod, 139 ; the new Runner— Hack wood Success, 189 Beech, Weeping, at Messrs. Dicksons. Chester, 167 Begonia Marie Bouchett, 97 Begonias, ilouble, one of Messrs. Ware's, 327 Benthamia fragifera in Cornwall, 135 Blickling Hall, Norfolk. 268; Yews and flowers in the gardens at, 267 Bougainvillea glabra, the famous, in the garden of Mr. H. M. Arderne, Cape Town, 353 Bramble. Cut-leaved, an arcade of, at Slin- fleld Manr)r, 319 Broom, White Spanish, group of the. 251 Buddleia variabilis in the south-west, 153 Cabbage, a new (Wythes' Early Gem). 14; Wythes' EailyGem (showing the heart), 15 Cactus, the Turk s-cap, in the West Indies, 337 Calceolarias and Hvdrang^as, herbaceous, in the garden of Mr. J. Hordern, Hudders- field. 204 Callistenion salienusat Menabilly, 2S1 Calochorti at Valding, Kent, 113 Campanula lactiflora, the beautiful, at Wisley, 142 ; peregrina, 03 ; pyramidalis self-sown in wall, 90 Canterbury Bells and Thyme at Hewell Granae, 119 Cattleya Mossifu in leaf-mould, 137 ; Warneri alba, 47 Cerastium tomentosum, a margin of, 185 Chamrelirinm oarolinianum at Kew, 00 Cherries, White Heart, a branch uf, 287 Chrysanthemum Belle of Weyhridge, 407 ; Dorothy Fortescue, new, 429 ; Kitty Bourne, 396 Chrysanthemums, prize group of, at the Bakewell show, 347 Cistus laurifolins at Kew. 234 Clematis coccinea, 90 ; hybrid, as a pot plant, 361 ; montana against a stone wall, 411 Climbers over garden gate, 428 Cob Nut bushes in Kent, 257 Colchicum autumnale in the Physic Gardens at Chelsea, 253 Columbine, the Altaian, 26 Conse'vatory in Baron Rothschild's garden at Vienna, in the. 211 Cornus alba Spaethii in the Royal Gardens, Kew. 378 ; capitata in Cornwall, 135 Crinuni Mourei, 316 Cypripedinm acaule, 41 ; insigne in an amateur's greenhouse, 273 ; i. Harefteld Hall variety, 431 ; pubescens, 42 ; specta- bile, 40 ; x Ultor, ]55 Cyrtanthus odorus, 126 Cytisus albus, 251 Dahlia, Cactus, Florence M. Stredwick, 427 A'esta, 233 Delphiniums in a Mararate garden, 131 Diantbus callizonus, 29S ; Ciesius, 230 Di^aCiio, 99 E. Edelweiss from seed on a mck garden, 284 Elm tree, lifting an, at Kew with one of Barron's machines. 355 Eremuri from seed, 181 Erinacea pungens. 399 Exacum aftine, 447 Ferns and Foxgloves on "Pulhamite" rock- work, 207 ; tree, in the winter garden at Impney, 201 Fig. Brown Turkey, in the Channel Islands, 117 PMower vase, lead, at Drayton Manor, 300 Flowers boldly arranged, border of, 80 Foxgloves and Ferns on "Pulhamite" rock- work, 207 Fruit tree pruning, 433 Fuchsia, bloom of, 434 ; walk in Lord Pen- rhyn's Castle, 151 Funkia tarditlora at Kew, 297 Galega Hartlandi, 441 Galtonia candicans, a bed of. at Hampton Court Palace, 158 Garden, in the new, of the Royal Horticul- tural Society, Japanese Iris time, 121 Gardeners' dinner committee, the (illustrated SllJJJilfllli'llt ) Gentiana lutea at Kew, 59 Gentianella, the, in a Surrey garden, 45 Geranium granditlorum, 184 Girton College, Roses and summer beds at, 265 Gladiolus, Ellinirton Belle, the new, 134 ; gandavensis, 252 ; 8 lunderioni hybrid, 252 Gloucestershire wild garden, in a, 132 Grape, Appley Towers, 85 ; new, Melton Constable seedling, 401 Grass path, with tlower borders at The Elms, Valding, 375 Greenhouse, a small, near London, 416 H. Hanbury, Sir Thomas, K.C.V.O., of La Murtola, Italy, 107 Heath and Tamarisk, grouping of, 331 Holly, the Silver, at Shipley Hall, 301 Hollyhock, florist's, 146 ; garden, 140 Hornbeam, a gi'o\'e of, 152 Hyacinth bulbs, showing method of propa- gation, 21S Hydrangea paniculafa granditlora in the gardens of Corswall House, Wigtonshire, 409 ; scandens in Cornwall, 219 I. Ilex crenata in the gardens of Shipley Hall, Derby, 413 Impney Hall, the tei race garden at, 200 Iris atata, 445 ; stylosa, 445 Irises, English, a breadth of, at Kew, S3 K. Kirengeshoma palmata at Kew, 246 L. LiL'lia Helen in the garden of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., 303 ; lona Southgate var., 108 La;lio-CattIeya Norba superba, 321 Lakes and lartre ponds, 444 Lane, Mr. F. Q , 322 Lewisia TweeUyi, 28 Lilium auratum with thirty-five dowers, 190; Kelloggii. 10; szovitzianutn, 310 Lily, the Belladonna, at Kew, 299 ; white. the best form of, 183 ; the thinner or starry fi.rm, 182 Loganberries, 25 Lysimachia Henryi in the rock garden at Kew, 209 M. Marrows, Custard, group of new, 343 Mei'cury at Melbourne Hall, Deiby, 338 Melons, a good method of supporting, 05 ; a house of, in a (Juerusey Nuisery, 318 Mesembryanthemum tiipolhini, 371 Mignonette Machtt White Pearl, 209 Miltorda vexilUria, 353; var. Kaiserin Augusta, 33 Mushroom, the common, 187 N. Narcissus Broadwing, 217 ; Incomparabilis Argent, the new, 133 ; Tdlamonius at St. Asaph, 220 Nepeta and other flowers on a wall garden. 334 New garden of the Royal Horticultural Society, plan of (he, 129 Nierembergia riviilaiis at Yaldiug, Kent. 113 Nymphan George Hiisler (night-flowerimr), 204 ; gigantea Hudson!, the new, 114 ; gloriosa in a pool, 31; group in the new ganlen of the Royal Hmtieultural Society, 103 : Mailiacea albida at Sandhurst Lodge, 105 Nymphieas, blue, at Gunnersl)ury, ;i03 O. Oakwood, Wisley. summer time at, 106 Odontoglossura crispum graireanura, 67 Orange, the Tangerine, in California. 311 Orchis latifolia, the beautiful, at Kew, 62 Ostrowskia magniflca, 381 P, Palm, the Betel Nut, 282 Pansies. Tufted, in a rock garden, 3 Pea Carters Daisy forced iu a pot, 419 Peach Peregrine, the new, 167 Pear Conference, 384; Mar^chal de la Cour, 341 ; Williams' Bon Chretien, 173 ; tree, a famous espalier Uvedale's St. Germain, at Gatton Park, 315 ; tree, example of a triple cordon, 305 Pelargonium, Ivydeaved, Mme. Crousse in a Ventnor garden, 77 Penzance Briar, Amy Robsart, against a wall, 10 Pergola, a Lily-lined, 285 ; in a flooded garden in June, 93 Pine-appl':'s m Southern Florida, 101; in the gardens of Mr. S. Heilbut, 271 Plant sheltei' in Messrs. Barr and Sons' nurseries, 224. 225 Polyanthuses by woodland at St. Asaph, 221 Poppy flowers, Shirley, a vase of, 199 Primula kewensia (culoin-cd mipphiiient) Rhododendron arboreura at Castlewellan, 415 ; dell at Kew, a view in the, 388 ; Falconeri at Tiemough, Cornwall, 377 Rock garden at Friar Park, Henley, in the, 111 ; at Manor House, 250 Rocks on a large scale with rocky steps, 98 Rosa sinica at Cannes, 95 Rose Aim6e Vibert at Spital Brook, 81 ; Caroline 'leslout, Hybrid Tea, 23 ; Caroline Testout, in a suburban (London) garden, 357 ; Cloth of Gold in Basutoland, 5 ; F61icit6 Perp6tue, 109 ; Jersey Beauty as a pt)t plant, 330; La France in a market nurseiy. 8; Marjorie, H.T., bed of, at Hewell Grange, Redditch, 202 ; Mme. Alfred Carriere against an old tree, 424 ; Mrs. John Laiug, a houseful of, 7 ; Mrs. Sharman Crawford grown for market, 9 ; Niphetos as a pot plant, 335 ; Tea, Princesb Marie of Orleans, 13 ; The Garland, in a Berkshire garden, 11 ; Viscountess Fal- mouth, 44; Viscountess Folkestone, wiili a carpeting in front of Sedum glaucuiu, 443 Sabines. tlie Rape of the, at Painshill, 359 Saffron, double white Meadow, a colony of, 351 Salvia Sclarea, a group of, 249 Sandhuist Lodge, view in the gardens at, 104 Saxifraga lingulaia var. lantoscana at Kew, 01 Senecio tanguticus, 237 Shrub and tree by waterside, with Water Lily group near, 205 Sidalcea Candida Rosy Gem, 241 Smith, Mr. William, 171 Snowdrops, a woodland of, 222 ; thickly cluster, where, 223 Solanum crispum over a wall in the south- west, 149 Stake properly driven in. a, 302 Stakes, tree supported by tliree, 363 Staking, careless, an example of, 303 Strawbeiry farm in Wisconsin, a, 79; Leader in a Middlesex gaiden, 49 Strawberry-Raspbeny, the, in flower and fruit, 412 Strawbei ries, a simple and effective method of protecting, 48 Summer-house in dwelling-house, 393; with Heather-thatched roof, 395 ; witli pergola 395 Tamarisk and Heath, grouping of, 331 Thames uardeii Hooded in June, a, 94 Thompson, the late Mr. William, V.M.H., 30 Tiger Flower, the, 50 Tretj and shrub by water-side, with Water Lily group near, 205 Veronica hulkeana in the south-west, 115 Vine, Hampton Court, the stem of the, 320 the great, at Cumbeiland Lodge, 320 ; how it is trained in market nurseries. 307 ; the new, 203 Vinery, a Channel Island, 317 A'itis Thonisoni, 203 &iW^-^- GARDEN -^^»=^' ^;pfe^ i.=>i*^! No. 1650.— Vol. LXIV.] [July 4, 1903. shadow over every After all, the Rose forms of entertain- " gate " its resources THE NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY'S SHOW. THE unexpected has happened, and the metropolitan show of this society proved a success. We have no financial considerations in mind, but a few days ago, when the wintry, sunless, and rainy weather upset all calculations, the honorary secretary, Mr. Mawley, thought the outlook dismal, as well he might, but the past few days of brilliant sunshine helped matters to such an extent that absolute failure has been avoided. It would be idle to describe the show as faultless ; but it was an excellent one, taking all things into account, and all we hope is that the society will have earned sufficient to make good the losses of last year, when the weather also proved unkind and the illness of His Majesty the King cast a form of entertainment, shows of this society are ment, and without a good are quickly exhausted. Those who visited the exhibition in the Holland Park Gardens and advocate a two days' Rose show will surely now be convinced that such a display would be a fiasco. It would be unfair to the general public and intensely uninteresting to the keen rosarian to attempt to continue after the first day an exhibition of a flower whose great charm is beauty of colouring and freshness. We left the tents in the early afternoon, and then even the prize flowers of great substance were collapsing through the heat. We hope, therefore, we have heard the last of this wild scheme. The sudden collapse of the flowers may be in part attributed to faulty ventilation of the tents. A pleasant breeze stirred the trees out- side, but gave no relief to the sweltering flowers and public under the heated canvas. If the society is to continue even a one-day show and earn the praises of the visitors there must be an atmosphere to live in. We are not thinking of this society in particular, but of all societies. It is the same everywhere. The flowers throughout were small, and in several classes there was no competition what- ever, but the exhibition was thoroughly well worth visiting simply to discover how beautiful many varieties were, in spite of the deplorable weather vicissitudes of the past few weeks. It was interesting to see that the old favourite Hybrid Perpetual (Mrs. John Laing) won the first prize for the premier bloom in both the amateurs' and nurserymen's divisions, in the first case by Mr. E. B. Lindsell, who won the champion challenge trophy ; and in the latter by Messrs. Prior and Son of Colchester. Another superb flower was Bessie Brown, which was the premier bloom in the nurserymen's classes, and also shown by Messrs. Prior. The competition in the great class for seventy-two flowers, distinct, was hotly con- tested, Mes.srs. Harkness and Co., Hitchin, Herts, beating Messns. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, by one or two I>oints only. The flowers in both instances were superb for finish, colour, and freshness. Mr. Orpen's exhibits were of much interest throughout. His bunches of five distinct varie- ties comprised Lady Curzon, raised, we believe, by Mr. Charles Turner of Slough, it is a Damask Rose, and very soft blu.''h in colour ; the Himalayan Briar, wichuraiana Gardenia, Leuchstern, and Purity. The arches of Roses would have been more attractive if wood had been substituted for galvanised wire, but this is a small matter. The baskets, vases, table decorations, and miscellaneous exhibits much relieved the monotony of green painted boxes. Of new Roses those staged for awards were the pretty Blush Rambler, which we have described before, and a gloriously showy single Hybrid Perpetual pillar Rose, a seedling named The ^Maharajah, both from Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. The flower is over 6 inches across, intense velvety crimson, and reminds one of Bardou Job. Mr. Orpen showed a pretty rose-pink single pillar Rose named Mrs. Orpen, which we shall hear more of. The Hybrid Tea class once again showed its strength under exceptional circumstances. The flowers of many of the best known varieties were in .some instances of superb texture and colour. We congratulate Mr. Mawley and all his co- workers upon the success of the show under most trying conditions, and we hope the funds of the society will be placed upon a satisfactory footing this year. The weather was glorious, and the tents at times uncomfortably crowded. It is only fair to mention that the officials of the Royal Horticultural Society, Mr. Wright and others assisted the honorary secretary in his arduous labours. With regard to the often-discussed question of the improvement of Rose shows, Mr. Mawley and the committee have gradually made many alterations for the better. There were Roses in vases, in baskets, bowls, and on I arches. The National Rose Society deserves the support of all Rose lovers and growers in the kingdom. Thanks are due to the Benchers of the Inner Temple for their kindness in placing their pleasant gardens at the disposal of the society. If the present exhibition proves to be a financial failure, we say again, as we said last year, that two exhibitions in the Temple Gardens within a few weeks of each other, and a Rose show at Holland Park six days before that of the National Rose Society form rather too liberal a diet for even our British flower-loving public. GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVO- LENT INSTITUTION. At least once a year we have occasion to bring the claims of this institution before those who are interested in the gardening charities. This occasion is the annual dinner, which took place at the Hotel Metropole on Wednesday in last week. We briefly alluded to it in our last issue at the moment of going to press, when we mentioned that the sum collected was £1,7.50. The chair was taken by the Earl of Warwick, who was supported liy Lord Redes- dale, Lord Brooke, Sir Walter Smythe, Bart., Baron Schroder, and Messrs. H. J. Veitch, M. H. Sutton, A. Sutton, G. A. Dickson, Arnold Moss, H. S. Rivers, Owen Thomas, W. Crump, J. Douglas, W. J. Nutting, E. T. Cook, G. Monro, Peter Kay, .J. Assbee, E. Rochford, G. Sherwood, C. Czarnikow, R. McVitie, G. H. Maycock, W. Mortimer, Herbert Cutbush, Harry Williams, W. Baker, .J. Baker, W. Iceton, R. Wbitpaine Nutting, A. Mackellar, G. Norman, N. F. Barnes, W. P. Barr, Peter Barr, Alderman Piper, J. Laing, and many others. In projiosing the usual loyal toasts, the chairman mentioned that the Prince of Wales, pre.sident of the institution, would probably take the chair in the near future, and in well- chosen remarks alluded to the .sympathy always shown towards this institution by the Royal Family. Speaking of the claims of the institution upon the charitable, the Earl mentioned that 204 men and 38 widows were in receipt of pensions ; each of the former receive £20 and the latter £16 a year. Mr. H. J. Veitch, the treasurer, in responding to this toast, urged upon those present to do their utmost for the institution, and referred to the work of the committee, which was thoroughly and economically carried out. Between £-1,000 and £.5,000 were needful annually to maintain the work which they had in hand. Mr. Veitch also alluded to the kindness of the Earl of Ilchester in allowing his gardens to be opened on the occasion of the Holland Park show on payment of Is., the THE GARDEN. [July 4, 1903. proceeds to go to this institution and the Royal Gardeners' Orphan Fund. Lord Redesdale in a happy speech gave the toast of " Success to Horticulture," responded to by Alderman R. Piper of Worthing. After a few other toasts, one to the secretary, Mr. Ingram, the proceedings closed. The tables were beautifully decorated, thanks to several nurserymen, and in many ■ways we could see how much the nurserymen and some of the leading gardeners of these isles have the welfare of this charity at heart. We wish it still greater success in the future. It is not an institution in which a large share of the subscriptions are devoted to office or v/orking expenses, but is worked upon thoroughly economical lines. It is the means of bringing comfort to many homes, and we hope that ne.xt year even a larger sum will be collected. The following were some of the principal donations : H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, £20 ; the Earl of Warwick, £25 ; Lord Redesdale, £5 ; Baron Schroder, £100 ; Messrs. Rothschild and Sons, £10.5 ; Mr. A. W. Sutton, V.M.H., £50, and £20 to the Good Samaritan Fund ; Mr. Martin H. Foquet Sutton, £50 ; Messrs. Veitch and Son, Limited (annual), £52 10s. ; Mr. N. N. Sherwood, £50 ; Mr. W. Mackay, Exeter, £25 ; Mr. Leopold Salomons, £21 ; Mr. R. Dean, V.M.H., £31 10s. ; Messrs. Dick- son of Chester, £20 ; Mr. H. J. Yeitch, £10 10s. ; Mrs. H. J. Veitch, £5 5s. ; Proprie- tors of Country Life, £10 10s. ; of The Garden, £5 53. ; Thames Bank Iron Company, £10 10s. ; Mrs. J. Baker, £10 lOs. ; Mr. George Norman, V.M.H., £21; Mr. A. Mac- kellar, £17 17s. ; Mr. D. Fleming, £20 ; Mr. George Profit, £23 10s. ; Mr. R. Milligan Hogg, £20 ; Mr. W. H. Massie of Edinburgh, £12 12s. : Messrs. Barr and Sons, Messrs. W. Paul and Sons, Mr. W. Thompson Stone, Mr. James Hud.son, and Mr. C. Czarnikow, 10 guineas each ; Mr. George Monro and Covent Garden friends, £85; Mr. H. Williams, £8 18s.; Messrs. J. Douglas and J. Jaques, £8 8s. ; Mr. E. T. Cook, £7 7s. ; Mr. Owen Thomas, £6 ; and the following subscribed five guineas each: Messrs. R. J. Cuthbert, W. J. Nutting, W. L. Cory, A. B. Wadds, Robert Sydenham, N. F. Barnes, H. G. Cove, Bunyard and Co , G. H. Maycock, Edward Sherwood, William Sher- wood, Cutbush and Son, H. J. Adams, George J. Braithridge, R. McVitie, and James Lee. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. Jdly 7. — Wolverhampton Floral Fete. This i-i held in the West Park, and will continue for three days. July 7. — Royal Horticultural Society's meeting ; Southampton Horticultural Show ; Harrow Show. July 8. — East Anglian Horticultural Club meeting ; Farningham and Croydon Shows. July 0. — WootlbriJge Show. Royal Hopticultupal Society.— The next fruit and flower show of the above society will be held on Tuesday next in the Urili Hall, Bucking- ham Gate, Westminster, ) — 5 p.m. Lectures on " Hardy Irises " will be given by Miss Arniitage and Mr. Caparue at three o'clock. At a general meeting of the society held on Tuesday, the 9th ult., 132 new Fellows were elected, amongst them being the Earl of Munster, the Countess of Liican, Sir Algernon West, KG. B. , Sir William Eden, Bart., Lady Liddell, Lady Meyrick, and Lady Young, making a total of 900 elected since the beginning of the present year. Hybrid Richardia.— In your issue for June 20, page 419, we note mention being made of a new hybrid Richardia, raised by Mr. Latham, Botanic Gardens, Birmingham, by crossing Richardia albo-maculata with R. elliottiana, the result being sulphur-3'ellow spathe with crimson blotch on the base inside, the leaves also being spotted with white. It will no doubt interest j'ou to hear that some few years ago we crossed R. elliottiana with an old t3'pe now rarely .seen, viz., R. aurata. This resulted in a hybrid that would apparently be a counterpart of the one produced by Mr. Latham, as our hybrid also possesses the rich sulphur-yellow spathe and the crimson blotch at the base of the inside. The leaves also have tho.se transparent blotches that are characteristic of R. elliottiana. We have also a recollection of a similar one of Continental origin receiving an award at the recent Temple show. We would mention that we put our hybrid into commerce some few years ago under the name of Richardia Taylori.— CIjIBRax and Son', A/lriiicham. Pigrny trees and hardy flowers at the Botanic Gardens.— Messrs Barr and Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, are holding an exhibition of hardy flowers and Japanese pigmy trees in the above gardens, Regent's Park. The exhibition will remam open until July 11. Enter- ing the corridor from the large conservatory one first sees the hardy flowers, which extend about halfway down. English, Japanese, Spanish, and Flag Irises, Poppies. Pajonies, Delphiniums, Water Lilies, Gladio'i, Calochorti, Liliums, Pyrethrums, and Sweet Peas are all well represented, and com- bine to make a brilliant display of colour. Among the English Irises are some lovely varieties — for instance, Rebecca, blush, splashed with crimson ; Blue Ccvleste, rich blue ; Clara Butt, French grey ; Blanche Fleur, white, except for a few yellow markings; Bacchus, rich purple; Triumph, China blue ; and Lord Roberts, deep blue. Gladiolus Peach Blossom is a beautiful flower of the richest pink ; Iris aurea has large, rich yellow blooms. Hardy flowers at the 'Vork; show. In the exhibit from Mr. J. Wood, Kirkslall, Leeds, at the York Gala the following plants were worthy of particular mention : Allium ostrowskyanum, Adiantum pedatum, Androsace lanuginosa, A. 1. oculata, Arisa?ma triphylla, Astragalus hj'poglottis albus. Campanula divergens, C. cenisia, Dianthus Atkinsonii, D. negleotus, D. Sternbergii, and Edraianthus serp3'llifoliu8. Delphinium Belladonna from seed. — Is not " M. L. W." in error in writing of "seedlings" of this fine old plant? 1 grew it largely for many years, but never saw a seed, and am under the impression it is sterile. The other difficulty, Lithospermum prostratum, flourished at Chilwell on a thin loam over gravel without any manure or other addition, in the full sun, but on the level. The plants filled a small bed, forming a matted carpet, which was a beautiful sight each spring for manj- years. — Charles E. Pearson, Lotrdhftm. Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G. His Majesty the King's Birthday flonours List contains the name of Daniel Morris, E^q., CM G., D.Sc, M.A., upon whom has been conferred the dignity of a Knight Commandership of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Sir Daniel Morris, who was formerly assistant director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, left there in 1898 upon his appointment as Commissioner, Imperial Depart- ment of Agriculture, Barbadoes, West Indies. He was at one time treasurer of the Royal Horti- cultural Society. Ochna miiltiflora not a stove shrub. Mention has been made several times lalelj' of the pretty' greeidiouse shrub, Ochna multi flora, and as I see it is described as a stove shrub, I do not wonder at its being little known or grown, as it will dwindle and die in such a temperature. Coming from rather high altitudes, it needs a winter temperature of ,50", with plenty of air, and will then thrive and make a healthy plant. Its bright yellow flowers in Eebruarj' are quickly over, but the fleshy calyx soon swells and becomes bright red, while the seeds turn gradually from ereen to black, when it is most attractive. It is best raised from seed from time to time, as it is apt to seed itself to death. I have, however. sometimes kept a good plant for ten years, but the finest specimens are made by preventing it bearing seed till it has attained a fair size. Like the Heaths, it requires a peaty soil and plenty of air at all times, and should be in the coolest house all summer if a healihj' plant is desired. — E[)Wari> H. Woodall. An imperishable horticultural paint. — Mr. Chas. T. Druery as manager of the Lubrose Paint Company, Moorgate Station Cham- bers, E C, calls our attention to a paint recently introduced into this country, which is admirably adapted for the protection of wood and ironwork in conservatories or greenhouses. It is entirely distinct from oil paints, having an imperishable rubber-like body as a basis, so that the paints form an elastic and strongly adherent skin which cannot crack, blister, or flake off, and stands both heat and damp indefinitely. As no priming is required, and two coats equal in covering capacity four of oil paints, they are very economical in application, apart from greater permanence, while their appearance is equal to the best expensive enamel paints. An enormous Continental consumption and an experience of five 3'ears demonstrates their value beyond a doubt. Azara microphylla.— this is a graceful . evergreen shrub, highly ornamental, producing Pdlni-like branches, the leaves disposed in pairs 00 the branches. It produces greenish yellow flowers in clusters in summer, followed b3' numerous small orange-coloured berries. It is hardy enough to stand out in the open without injur3' if a little elevated in a sheltered position. It makes an excellent wall shrub, in which position it is pro- bably seen to the best advantage. The carmine Candytufts.— The dawn of this group of Cand3'tufis was, no doubt, when MM. Vilmorin and Co. of Paris introduced their large flesh-coloured annual variety, which they distributed many years ago, and which proved a most valuable addition to our annual Candytufts, liy means of successive selections what is known as the cardinal was developed, and this has proved such an advance in colour as to justify being described as carmine. I found the deep-coloured form true last year, but it is alwa3's wise for garden as for commercial purposes to select as seed-bearers the deepest coloured and finest formed flowers. The crimson Candytuft now needs to be led on in the same way until a variet3' is produced from it as large as the carmine. We have a very fine giant white in Dobbie's Giant Spiral. This produces long spiral spikes of large white blossoms. In its true form it is of compact growth, as well as highly floriferous, and it is entitled to take a place among the ver3' finest and most useful of our hardy annuals. A flne CauliflO'Wer.— This is a Boston selection, and is known as Johnson's Market Garden Autumn Cauliflower. It illustrates the value of careful selection. A plant was seen to show greater precocity than its fellows; seeds weie carefully saved and sown ; the large majority of the plants were found to show the same precocit3' ; the most perfect of these were selected as seed-producers ; and in this way the precocious character was fixed. This process illustrates the care taken by our seed growers to have stocks with the greatest fidelity to type, combined with the highest quality, — R, D, Hampstead Heath view.— The council for the Hampstead Heath extension scheme have resolved to make an eft'ort to raise £48,000 for the acquisition of eighty acres of land, ofl'ered by the trustees at t'tiOO per acre, on the north-west boundary of the heath. It is sought to save Wylde'sfarm and the neighbouring meadows from the builder, thereby retaining the view from the Spaniards Pvoad and the north-west heath, pro- viding new playing fields for Londoners, and avoiding the congestion which might arise from the increased traffic b3- the " tube " railway. Mr. G. J. Shaw-Lefevre is president and the Earl of Meath vice-president of the council. The pro- visional committee has raised ,t'3,000 in two weeks. Devizes Chrysanthemum show.— The date of the above show is altered from November 1 1 to November .'i. Feltham, Bedfont, and Hanworth show takes place on the 22ud inst. at Feltham. ULY 4, 1903.] THE GARDEN. A yellow CineraPia. — The Cineraria referred to on page 4ll.'i as Cineraria auriculata is a native of British Central Africa, from where it was introduced about half a dozen years ago. The specific name is derived, not, as suggested, from the colour of the blossoms, for the term auriculate signifies having ear-like appendages. Considering that the genus Cineraria is now entirely swept away by botanists, being completely swallowed up by Senecio, it would appear that though the garden varieties do not include any yellow forms they have more relatives of that colour than any other. Like Azaleas, Gloxinias, Cerasus, Amaryllis, and many other classes, it is more than probable that the botanists dictum will never be generally followed in gardens, at least in our days. RubUS mOlUCeanUS.— This member of the Bramble family, so well illustrated in TiiK Garden, page 4UH, is the plant which, under the name of Rubus reflexus, attracted much attention at the recent exhibition at Ghent, being unknown to at least most of the English visitors. In good examples the leaves reminded one much of some of the Begonias. As it is readily struck from cuttings, we shall doubtless soon see this Rubus plentifully distri- buted in gardens. This Bramble fur- nishes one among many instances of an old plant bounding all at once into a popularity it has never before attained, for R. moluccanus was introduced as long ago as 1817, yet it has been one of the most talked of subjects during the last few weeks. — H. P. Ceanothus divaricatus. — This Ceanothus, mentioned in TiiK Garden among the shrubs in flower at Kew, struck me during a recent visit as one of the most notable features there, and one that as a shrub in the open ground (apart from the protection of a wall) is rarely seen in such grand condition. It attains the dimensions of a large bush some 10 feet to \2 feet high, and is of a dense, freely-branching habit of growth. The oblong ovate leaves, an inch or so in length, are dark green, while the flowers, which are borne in dense clusters, are of a very distinct '"' shade of pale slate blue. So numerous are they that when at their best the entire plant appears to be a mass of that tint. This Ceanothus is, like most members of the genus, a native of Cali- fornia, and was first introduced by seeds sent to the Royal Horticultural Society in 1841, a period when through its agency many new plants were intro- duced. Judging by its behaviour at Kew, this must be regarded as one of the hardier forms of Ceanothus, though in many districts the protection of a wall would no doubt be best. — T. Rhododendrons In Hyde Park.— Year by year Mr. Anthony Waterer, of the Knap Hill Nurseries, Woking, makes a great display of these beautiful flowering shrubs in Hyde Park. The best sorts noted on a recent visit were : — White and other shades : Sapho, white, distinctly blotched with maroon ; Helen Waterer, centre white, edged with crimson ; Duchess of Connaught, white, yellow spots, very showy ; album elegans, blush, changing to white, fine shape ; The Queen, the description of the previous variety exactly applies to this sort ; Princess Mary of Cambridge, light blush, deeper edging ; Lady Grey Egerton, silvery blush, splendid truss and foliage. Purple : Purpureum elegans, a very fine flower in this par- ticular shade of colour. Crimson and scarlet : Michael Waterer, crimson, spotted, fine; John Waterer, free-blooming, dark crimson ; H. W. Sargent, crimson, enormous truss ; barclayanum, deep rosy crimson ; J. Marshall Brooks, rich scarlet, with a bronze spot, a striking flower ; Martin Hope Sutton, scarlet, richly marked, dis- tinct and very fine. Pink and rose, &c. : Mrs. Mendel, pink, each petal rayed white, yellow centre ; Concessum, clear pink, light centre, beautiful ; Kate Waterer, rose, yellow centre, verj" showy ; Mrs. R. S. Holford, rich salmon truss, large and beautiful ; Lady Eleanor Cathcart, pale rose, spotted chocolate ; Stella, pale rose, with an intense chocolate blotch ; Mrs. W. Agnew, pale rose, yellow centre ; roseum elegans, an old and general favourite ; Marchioness of Lansdowne, pale rose, with an intense black spot, one of the most distinct varieties: Mrs. .John Penn, salmon-pink; W. E. Gladstone, pink, fine truss ; Mrs. Arthur Hunnewell, pink, primrose centre, very pleasing. Lilac : Everestianum, rosy lilac, spotted and fringed, an excellent free-blooming sort ; Mrs. Harry IngersoU, deep rosy lilac, greenish centre. Mauve : Fastuosum flore-pleno, a flower of this colour bearing immense trusses of double flowers. — Qbo. Aubrletias. — I have seen a Fire King growing at Long Uitton Nursery in previous years, and thought it the most richly coloured of all the Aubrietias. The habit then was excellent with respect to seedlings. Not all varieties produce seed freely. The very best for that purpose was a lasting Pea for decorative purposes. Not only are the flowers much larger than those of the ordinary type, but a spray can be cut with a dozen and more expanded blossoms on a stem. It is possible to grow this Pea in pots under glass for early blooming, and in the open for a later supply, thus securing two successive cuttings. Fine as this Pea is in the open, it is magnificent under glass. Osmanthus ilicifolius purpureus. Some bushes of this evergreen shrub are just now objects of interest and beauty in the Chiswick Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, andi they mingle their coppery red tints with the vernal green of other evergreen shrubs in a most, attractive manner. It is scarcely to be wondered at that it is sometimes mistaken for a Holly. — R. 1). Messrs. Dobbie and Co. write: "We have just purchased (id acres of tine freehold land in the Essex seed-growing district. It lies along- side the main Great Eastern line, and is close to inFTED PANSIES IN A ROCK GARDEN. (Xotc the dwarf tufted ijrowth of the plantft and the profusion of ^flowers.) rich reddish violet-coloured variety I found in a batch of seedlings from Hendersoni, which was put into commerce as A. violacea, and none other ever equalled it in seed production. When seedlings were raised the majority would be of the hue of colour of the parent : some would be lighter, but hardly ever was one better. Still, as to colour and form, as well as in floriferousness, the effect of masSes was very striking. I had to grow it largely for seed production on level and rather retentive soil, and the winter frosts would often nearly kill the shoots, but soon it would break up and then become literal masses of bloom 15 inches to 18 inches across. Dr. Mules very much resembles what A. violacea was fifteen years ago, and for all I know may be now. To do Aubrietias justice they should be planted to run over stone or rock work, as they rejoice in such positions, and in time become cascades of growth and colour. — A. D. Lathyrus latifolius gprandiflorus albUS. — What a fine grower this Everlasting Pea is, and what a superb plant for cutting from ! A white Everlasting Pea such as the above, which was recently distributed by Hobbies and Co. (John Green), Norfolk Nurseries, Dereham, comes as a great boon to those who use the white Ever- Marks Tey Station. We intend removing our seed- growing operations from Orpington to this new place next season." TUFTED PANSIES (VIOLAS) AS ROCK PLANTS. The Tufted Pansies as plants for the rock garden are not so well known as they deserve to be. Among the many plants that are freely used in the rock garden, the Tufted Pansy is one of the best. They make a long-continued display, often flowering from March till October, and even later in some seasons. Modern raisers have fortunately given us a race of plants of better growth in every way than the older sorts for the rock garden ; it is more compact. Tufted accurately describes the habit of the more modern sorts, and as the tufts are studded with charming blossoms, in most instances free from the rays, which are always associated with the older types, a keener appreciation of the rayless flowers naturally follows. The rayless Tufted Pansies are more refined than the rayed forms. The colour, too, is much better represented, many pleasing intermediate shades now being obtainable. THE GAKDKN. [July 4, 1903. It is with plants of this description that so many ■charming etfecls can be created, the work being simplified by the wealth of sorts now within the reach of all. No grower has done so much within recent years to popularise the Tufted Pansies as Mr. William Sydenham, Tamworth, Staffordshire. His Pansy ganlens are always an interesting sight when they are in flower. The illustration shows the free flowering character of the plants when grown in the rock garden. As may be seen ample space is given for the full development of each plant, the pieces of rock being arranged in such a way that a cool root run is atiorded, and plenty of soil also. These are two points which the grower must always recognise if his efforts in planting a rock garden are to end successfully. Mr. Sydenham has raised many new Tufted Pansies, and he is always on the look out in his beds of seedlings for those adapted for special purposes. The Violettas, or miniature - flowered varieties, are specially adapted for the rock garden, and in addition to those raised by the late Dr. Stuart and others, Mr. Sydenham has a small and interesting collection of his own. A variety named Pigmy is a pretty little blue flower with a yellow eye and rayless, possessing a beautiful habit, and flowering profusely for many months. Robin is a rather small flower of a blush colour, each plant being literally covered with a mass of blossoms, in this instance with short flower-stems. Walter B. Child is a very dainty flower with a white rayless centre broadly margined with a lavender colour. The plant has a good habit, and is also very free flowering. Quail is a slight improvement on the last named, and there is room for both sorts. Minnie Warren is a charming blush-lilac miniature of beautiful form, and on long flower-stalks. The plants in this instance are very small, and rather later in flowering than the others, but it is extremely pretty. Forget-me-not and Diadem are two new sorts, somewhat in the way of W. B. Child, but worthy of inclusion in this selection. Violetta, the original of the type, is invaluable ; it is a rayless white, suffused with yellow in the centre and very sweet scented. The foregoing are a few of the miniature flowered sorts suitable for the rock garden, but many of the larger-flowered Pansies are suitable for this purpose. D. B. Crane. BOOKS. Hand List of Coniferae.*— The first edition of the " Hand List of Coniferai" grown in the Kew Arboretum has been exhausted for some time. It is now republished after having been carefully revised and enlarged by the addition of names of numerous species and varieties which have been added to the collection since the first edition was prepared. For the revision Sir W. T. Thiselton-Uyer is indebted to Dr. Masters, F.R. S. The coniferous plants now enumerated include 246 species and 451 varieties, or some 700 "sorts" in all. In the first edition it was stated (page 16) that Gingko biloba is apparently nowhere known in the wild state. Several fine specimens have since been found by Mrs. Bishop in the magnificent forests which surround the sources of the Great Gold River and the smaller Min, in Western China, and also in the forests of Central Yesso, Japan. Measurements of several exceptional specimen trees made by Mr. Bean in the Royal Gardens are given, and no less than ten exceed the dimen- sions recorded in the report of the Royal Horti- cultural Society's Conifer Conference in 1892. Sweet Violets and Pansies and Violets from Mountain and Plain.t This is the latest addition to the Country Life Library, and after a careful perusal of its contents must be acknowledged a distinct acquisition to horticultural literature. The book should meet » " Hand List of Coniferoe " grown in the Koyal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Sold at the gardens. Price 3d. t " Sweet Violets and Pansies and Violets from Mountain and Plain. " Written by several authorities, and edited by E. T. Cook. Published by George Newnes, Southampton Street, Strand, and at the oltice of Country Life. the doubts and difficulties as well as the needs of those who have an interest in these charming flowers, and as the subjects treated have never been so well considered before, this new volume deserves to be widely read. As the title of the book denotes, the genus Viola is dealt with in a most comprehensive manner. The editor in the preface is careful to explain that "it is not the work of an individual, but is the outcome of information willingly given by those mentioned . . . and of the many articles that have appeared in The Garden during the past few years." Kindly reference in the preface to those who have accomplished praiseworthj' work in the past with the show and fancy Pansies is made, several of the early workers being mentioned by name. The great work of Dr. Charles Stuart, of Chirnside, is recalled, and a well-earned tribute paid to his unceasing labours to gain new and beautiful forms of the Tufted Pansy. Much of the present popularity of the latter type of the flower the editor rightly attributes to the encouragement given to its culture by Mr. William Robinson. Other enthusiastic raisers and cultivators are also mentioned. Violets of mountain and plain are very fully dealt with, each of the species being described in detail. A most welcome feature is the chapter devoted to Sweet Violets, this contributing much useful information, of which too little hitherto has been heard. The garden Pansy is the opening chapter, and in it is traced the evolution of the flower. The reader is taken back by Mr. R. Dean to IS 13- 14 when Lord Gambler and his gardener, Thompson, began experiments with Viola tricolor of the fields. The results of their numerous experiments are given in considerable detail, and show how much time was spent in the early days in trying to improve these flowers. Subsequently, about forty years ago, Mr. .John Fleming created a sensation at Cliveden, Maidenhead, by his huge beds of Pansies. He will be remembered as the raiser of the Cliveden set. We can fully endorse the remark that the " show Pansy was regarded as one of the most interesting of ' florists' ' flowers from the forties until the early eighties," but take exception to the expression that they "are seen also at the present day." The show Pansy is never seen out of Scotland, except, perhaps, in those counties immediately south of the Border. The charac- teristics and properties of the show Pansies are clearly defined and a selection of the best sorts given. Methods of culture and the question of insect pests and their eradication receive due attention. The fancy Pansy receives a larger share of attention, as its more showy and interesting character well merits. In speaking of the fancj' Pansies of English production, the contributor says : " They are so refined and so distinct from the fancy type ; they are generally of vigorous growth and remarkably free blooming, so that it is not to be wondered at that they should be rising in popular favour, though the large, gorgeously blotched fancy varieties still dominate the gardens. As they are not restricted as to character by a schedule of arbitrary properties which govern the English show varieties, anything which can lay claim to form, size, stoutness of texture, and brilliancy of marking can be comprehended in the fancy section." Those who prize the Pansies for their value in the garden have every reason, there- fore, to be pleased that the fancy Pansies " are not restricted by a schedule of arbitrary properties." A brief history of this type of the flower with a useful selection of varieties is given, as also are the properties of the fancy Pansy by Mr. Alexander Lister. Notes on raising seedling Pansies, and propa- gation by cuttings and also by division, give useful and practical cultural information. " Pansies at shows in paper collars " has a short chapter to itself. We are quite in sympathy with the opening remarks, which read as follow : " Pansy shows are not the terrifying spectacles of a former age, although there is something to be said for the old school florist, who loved regularity of form and flower marking, but the petals in their paper collars were grotesque. Such exhibitions conveyed one lesson — ' how not to show Pansies.' " Chapter IV. deals exclusively with the tufted Pansy, which the heading explains is commonly called Viola. No less than thirty pages are needed to treat fully so beautiful a plant for our gardens. The proper definition of Tufted Paus}- is clearly laid down, and this should assist materially in securing for this type of the flower a proper English name. Their propagation is carefuUj' explained, several excellent illustrations of good, bad, and indifferent cuttings, &c., being given. Propagation for both spring and autumn planting, methods of making cuttings and cutting-beds, and many other details, each of value in its season, shows how thoroughly practical the advice is. We are glad to see that " coddling " the plants is not advocated, and can heartily support the fact that "Pansies, however, it must ever be remembered, are quite hardy, and therefore need no protection." Raising seedlings, as the writer remarks, is a " fascinating pursuit," and one never knows what a batch of seedlings may produce. This aspect of culture is worthy of more attention, and if the best results are to be obtained and one has no seed of one's own saving it is "of first importance to purchase seed collected from the finest varieties," which only a specialist can supply. "An appreciation of the Tufted Pansy" is pleasant reading, and gives a good idea of what can be done with these plants. Pansies as cut flowers in summer, in rock and wall, in town and suburban gardens, and treatment of Pansies received by post, show the scope of this book. Selections of rayless and rayed varieties, the charming miniature flowered sorts, and a list of some of the best margined and fancy Tufted Pansies add consider- ably to its value. Chapter V. is somewhat unique in that it deals with "Violets from Mountain and Plain," an aspect from which little is said and much less is known of the genus Viola. Most interesting information is forthcoming under this heading, and might well be taken to heart by enthusiastic gardeners who desire to achieve improvement. On page 58 we read : " It must be admitted that the Violets in general are either unknown or unheeded, and the hybridist seems to ignore the great possibilities of creating a new race, by crossing one or more of the species from the mountains of Europe. . . The material is here for some zealous worker to take in hand and give to the gardens of generations to come floral joy and comfort, more so even than from those who have worked diligently in the past." This chapter must be considered a valuable oontribution. The chapter on "Sweet Violets" is a most welcome feature in this interesting book. The subject is well treated, and cannot fail to impress readers with its practical value. " Violets in the Garden," "Soil," "Position of Beds," "Raising Young Plants," " Varieties for the Open," " Double Violets in Frames," "The Start," "Summer Management," " Violets during Winter," and "Selections of Double and Single Violets," are some of the sub-headings. A useful little index is given at the end of the book, and the illustrations are plentiful for a work of this kind. The book is well got up, and the type is good and clear. — C. A. H. ROSE EXHIBITING FOR BEGINNERS. In this article I shall endeavour to give the beginner a few hints on e.xhibiting Koses. One of the first things he should study is the form of a good flower. Should he belong to the National Rose Society he will find that in their catalogue three excellent examples are given of what a good Rose should be. If he visits a Rose show and makes a close survey of the premier boxes he will find that it is not always the biggest Roses that have obtained honours, form and freshness of colour coming first ; size afterwards. On receipt of the schedule of the exhibition he proposes to enter for, he will, as a rule, find classes in it to suit both the big and little man. July 4, I'.ioj. THE GARDEN. The tiling for biin to do is to go in fur the lowest class and gradually work upwards as success comes. We are all apt to think our Roses are prize ones at home, but when put against others we have sometimes to alter our opinion. There is cjuite as much honour in a little man winning in a class for si.\ as the big man in a class for twenty-four. When Cutting the Blooms it is best to do so the evening before between six and eight o'clock. They last longer than when cut on the morning of the exhibition. Do not carry them about on a tray, but have some tins of water in a bo.x and put them in imme- diately, transferring them to a cool room. Put them in the show box temporarily and leave the lid open a little and defer the final fixing up until the exhibition is reached. Cut with as long a stem as possible, and gently tie the centre of the blooms with double Berlin wool, as this prevents too ijuick expansion and enables them to travel better. In arranging, always jiut the largest flowers in the back, the best at the corners, the medium ones in the middle, and the smallest in the bottom rows. If the weather is hot I find a piece or two of ice placed on the moss very beneficial, it helps to preserve the flowers. Take as many spare blooms with you as possible. Arrive at the exhibition early, get the card from the .secre- tary, and place the box in position, leaving the lid about -1 inches open. Then wander round the tent and watch some of the old hands setting up. It is very interesting, and one will learn more from seeing others than from any written directions. On no account keep opening the box and looking at the fiowers. You will probably see a brother exhibitor keep arranging and re- arranging his flowers— let him— leave yours alone until about three-quarters of an hour before the time arrives for clearing the tent, then put the box in order, see there are no dupli- cates, and that the labels are neatly written. With a camel-hair brush gently brush the outer row of petals outward, and loosen the ties a little, but do not remove them until just before the tent is cleared, as some of the thin varieties like Captain Hay ward have a very bad habit of bursting at the last moment. Have the spare blooms quite ready to replace if necessary. You will now have to retire to await the judge's decision. You may have the pleasure of seeing your box marked " First Prize," perhaps that honour may be deferred for another occasion. Never mind ; make up your mind to try and go one better the follow- ing year. It sometimes happens when one has entered for an exhibition that there are very few blooms to draw from owing to the season, and one doubts the wisdom of exhibiting. If it is possil)le to make up the box, by all means exhibit. Your brother exhibitor's flowers will probably be like your own, and the chances will be the same. One, too, often hears the remark, " What is the good of my exhibiting when I have to compete against the professional gardener." To a very great extent that is a mistake ; the gardener has too many other things to think of. He cannot give the attention to his Roses as the man who grows his own, who coddles, feeds, and nurses them himself, who loves them, and gives them the whole of his attention. Enield. C. Page. LLuTil OF GOLD ROSE IN BASCTOLAND. CLOTH OF GOLD ROSE. This is not a Rose for outdoors in all parts of the kingdom, but Rose growers, we think, will be interested in the accompanying illustration, which depicts it growing in Rasutoland. The ] flowers are large and soft yellow in colour. Mr. Crook, writing in The Garden of | May G, 1899, says :— "The bright, shining, smooth foliage and large, soft j'ellow flowers with deeper centre and sweet .,f Introdiiciion. ... 1871 ... 1882 ... 1884 ... 1893 ... 1889 ... 1872 ... 1879 ... 1877 ... 1887 ... 1846 1889 1859 TEA ROSE PRINCESS MARIE OF ORLEANS (REDUCED). at any rate, the matter appears worthy of further discussion. I shall always maintain that the most important point to consider in a garden Rose is Hardiness. Owing probably to the fact that we have had no severe winters of late years, this point is being almost entirely overlooked. We are most careful to study the growth, habit, flori- ferousness, and colour of a variety, but there we stop. Numerous writers, among them many of our highest authorities, have told us over and over again that Tea Roses are hardy; and so many of them are in an ordinary winter, if Marie Van Houtte I Hon. Edith Gifford Marie d'Orleans Maman Cochet G. Nabonnand Anna Olivier ... Francii-ca Kruger Mme. Lambard Mme. Hoste ... Souvenir d'un Ami Souvenir de S. A. Prince Homfere These are all capital free- growing Roses for the garden, of proved hardiness (for Teas), poi:.sessing good constitutions ; in fact, just the varieties I should plant in quantity in cold locali- ties. To bring the list more up to date I should include White Maman Cochet in place of Homfere. Of course, I am fully aware that it has taken a great many years to produce the twelve grand varieties named in the above list, but, on the other hand, we must bear in mind that where one Tea Rose was grown ten years ago, probably twenty-five at least are now used. This demand has greatly stimu- lated raisers in their efforts to produce good garden Teas, and many lovely varieties have been put into commerce. But how many of these new varieties are as hardy as those to which I have referred? Not many, I am afraid, will emerge from the test of a severe winter as successfully _ as these older ones. I have formed this opinion after testing many of them myself in a cold midland valley only laO feet above the level of the sea, where such shrubs as Darwin's Ber- beris and Laurustinus do not by any means prove hardy. And this I find is the general experience of rosarians in this part of the country. . , ,.t .• i t> Now let us refer again to the National Rose Society's catalogue, and look through the list of garden Teas. Here are a few of the vane- 14 THE GAEDEN. [July 4, 1903. ties which we find recommended : Beryl, Ma Capucine, Mme. Rene Gerard, Meta, Souvenir de J. B. Guillot, and Sunset. An exquisite range of colouring is here represented, but how many of these are tender and of poor constitution ! Are these really the varieties most suited to the climate of the majority of gardens, or are we on the wrong tack 1 In the Hybrid Tea section we find a better state of things prevailing, although even with these the irajiortance of hardiness ought to be more insisted upon. Some of the older sorts, such as La France, Grace Darling, Gustave Regis, Caroline Testout, and Viscountess Folkestone, are very hardy, and just the ones we want more of. Perhaps the sooner we have a hard winter the better for the Rose. People will then think more of hardiness than is the case at present, and when they come to replant their Roses after the frost there will be such an enijuiry for the hardier varieties, that raisers will be forced to concentrate their attention more on this point than they appear to have done of late. In "The English Flower Garden" a list is given of the Tea-scented Roses that can be trusted in any season. One of these is Princesse Marie d'Orleans, a noble Rose sent out by MM. P. and C. Nabonnand in 1884. It is quite the hardiest dwarf Tea Rose 1 have ever grown, and one sees with regret that it has now dropped out of the majority of cata- logues. In directing the attention of the many readers of The Garden to this lovely Rose I feel that I am in good company, because its merits have long been recognised by Mr. W. Robinson and Mr. William Paul, the latter describing it as " a fine Tea Rose, hardy and free." The cool summer of last year suited it to perfection, and its shapely flowers were finer than I have ever previously known them. Their colour is bright rose, shaded with pale silvery rose, and at times flushed with a deeper shade. In cool weather the base of the petals is white. The habit of growth is very strong and erect, the pale green wood being set with large bright red thorns. The photograph from which the illustration was prepared represents a bloom cut in this garden during the middle of July after a spell of particularly rough and gloomy weather. If raisers will only take a Rose such as this as a type of what an English Tea Rose ought to be, we should not find as many gaps in our Rose beds. Worcestershire. Aethue R. Goodwin. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. SOME CABBAGES OF RECENT INTRODUCTION. DURING the past few years the Cabbage I has been much improved. These 1 remarks applv also to such Brassicas w as Kales, Cauliflowers, Broccolis, and Brussels Sprouts. It must be remembered that mere size is not considered an advantage by those who require quality. This year the Royal Hortioultural Society are giving more attention to vegetables than usual by holding an exhibition in their gardens at Chiswick, and, from what we can see of the arrangements made, there are no classes for recently-introduced vegetables. There may be various opinions about this, but we think an excellent opportunity has been lost. Whilst on this subject we are sure that all vegetable growers — those who take a great interest in this work — most heartily thank those who have worked hard to bring this exhibition to a successful issue (notably Mr. Alex. Dean), and we trust it may be the forerunner of many others. A NEW CABBAGE (WYTHES' EARLY GEM). The Cabbage may be grouped into three distinct classes — early, midseason, and late, and doubtless teh least important is the midseason, as at that time so many other good vegetables are available. The Cabbage is an important factor to the cottager and those who require large quantities of vege- tables, and the summer Cabbage has other advantages owing to its rapid growth ; it is very sweet and succulent if given good culture. We know that old plants left to chance when large or coarse are offensive ; these our note does not apply to, as Cabbages can be grown so quickly that there is no need to have inferior heads, no matter what the season or variety. Our remarks on this occasion more concern the newer introductions, and our illustration is of a new variety (Wythes' Early (iem). Messrs. Cutbush, of Highgate, are sending it out next season. It is remarkable for its compact growth, its earliness (it was ready in March this year), and, what is most important, its excellent quality. It is valuable on account of its size and hardiness. These small-growing Cabbages have very little stem exposed above the soil, compact or folding leaves, and are often the hardiest of all. The raiser of this new varietj', who takes much interest in vegetable culture, also raised an autumn or winter Cabbage, the St. Martin. This was the result of crossing the Christmas Drumhead with the Rosette Colewort, with the intention of getting a hardier Colewort with less splitting in severe weather. Few Cabbages since they were introduced have found more favour than EUam's Dwarf Early Spring, and rightly so, for it was a great gain in every way to the private grower who thought more of quality than quantity, but now we find even this excellent variety varies, and we fear there are false stocks, as only recently a large grower told us it was impossible to keep any variety true, no matter how good it was, if the seeding was not done with the greatest care. The Cabbages of more recent date have been quite as valuable. Take such kinds as SiMo)i'.i April. — This is one of the most valuable spring vegetables that can be grown. This variety sown for the spring supply — that is, sown in July or August — is most valuable. It has not been grown many years, but its earliness and size for a private garden will have proved its worth. Another equally good Cabbage is Flower of Spriny, larger, and perhaps a trifle later, but invaluable in every way. The same remarks apply to Sutton's Earliest. — This is new and a close rival to Sutton's April. It is valuable for sowing under glass in January to follow the autumn-sown. In the north few gardens are without Mtiii's Xo. 1 for early supplies. It is excellent, and, though later than the varieties referred to above, the locality must be considered. A Cabbage recently introduced takes some time to find its level, but it should be grown by the side of others and given a good trial, a remark which applies to all the Brassicas and other vegetables. We have referred to three distinct seasons, and this should be observed, as bv some a spring Cabbage is supposed to be available for summer. This is not so. The autumn-sown Cabbages are grown mostly for their hardiness, and in summer these conditions are reversed. There are plenty of good summer varieties, such as Veitch's Matchless and Main Crop, Sutton's Favourite and Tender and True, and Carter's Heartwell and Model, all of recent introduction, or nearly so, and remarkable for their quality at a season when the Cabbage is not at its best. In autumn there is a Cabbage of recent intro- duction that is not so well known as its merits deserve ; that is Veitch's Beaconxfield, a variety of dwarf habit, conical shape, and a valuable variety for early autumn supplies. Last season it was excellent at the date named. Many would prefer to sow it in the early part of the year, say February or March, for use at the season named, though it is also recommended for autumn sowing. It was grown at Chiswick as a spring Cabbage in 1898, whereas the more recently introduced St. Martin was given an award in November, 1899, at Chiswick. Winter Cabbages are often overlooked, and this is not surprising, as the bulk of the hardy Brassicas are in season at that date. On the other hand, we would put in a plea for this useful vegetable at that season, as in severe weather they sutt'er less than Brussels Sprouts, Borecoles, or Broccoli. Such varieties as Christmas Drumhead, St. John's Day, and the newer St. Martin's are distinct winter Cabbages, and by growing them with a breadth of Coleworts a good supply is available all the year round. We are aware in small gardens that there is some dilficulty in securing the proper planting material, but it can be overcome by sowing a pinch July i, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 15 of seed at the right seasons. Of course, July and early in August are important as to next year's crops, but there is a great advantage with these recent introductions, as, should adverse weather delay sowing or other causes prevent a good plant being obtained, by sowing under glass in January good results are secured only a little later than from the autumn-sown plants. By getting a small, close growth there is a great gain in time. ',>uality also must be studied, so that on the whole we think there has been a great gain to the amateur and private grower, and the plants are more suitable for gardens of limited size. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. FRUIT GARDEN. Vines. WHEN all the Grapes have been cut from the early Vines examine the inside borders, add a little fresh mulching if they have suffered from the weight of the crop, and keep the roots moderately sup- plied with diluted liquid, but guard against feeding to an excess that will force a vigorous growth and so exhaust the Vines after the wood is ripe. Keep the strongest laterals pinched to balance the flow of sap, and preserve all the old foliage by good syringing every evening, or as often as the state of the weather may render atmospheric moisture necessary. Succession Houses in which the Grapes are ripening may have more air by night and by day, with just sufficient fire- heat to keep the minimum temperature at (iO", and, when the berries have attained their full size, the afternoon closing may be discontinued, par- ticularly where the colouring process is not going on satisfactorily. If the house contains Madres- field Court Grapes see that the borders are moist, but not wet, mulch well with some loose non- conducting material, and allow all the laterals and leaders to grow until after the Grapes are cut. Late Houses. Muscats, Lady Downe's, and other sorts which frequently scald during stoning must be closely watched until they are considered safe. A rapid change in the atmosphere may bring on the usual fermentation of the pulp, in which case it will be well to continue a high night temperature, with diminished atmospheric moisture to prevent the berries getting cold, and to maintain a steady heat of from 70" to SO" through the day by keeping the pipes warm and by increasing or decreasing the ventilation. Cucumbers. Where the bottom heat is obtained from hot- water pipes and fermenting material combined the latter should be renovated with fresh leaves when the plunging thermometer denotes a fall to 8(.P, and the night temperature of the house cannot be maintained without having recourse to sharp firing. This is at all times injurious to a moisture- loving plant like the Cucumber, but never more so than when the sun strikes suddenly upon the roofs before the pipes have become cool. If the pots or beds are well drained it is hardly possible to over- water or to give the foliage too much atmospheric moisture, provided the liquid for the one and the pure water for the other is applied at a few degrees above the mean temperature of the house. As the plants will now be producing fruit at every joint over-cropping must be carefully avoided — at least, if they are to be kept on bearing throughout the summer ; but where they are to be shortly removed for Melons fruit may be taken before they are destroyed. Where manure is plentiful, and frames which have been used for forced vegetables are now at liberty, a few lights under good management will give an abundant supply of excellent fruit until the early autumn-sown plants come into bearing. Instead of pulling down and rebuilding the beds, dig out a trench 2 feet wide the whole length of the frame, a little nearer to the front than to the back, fill in with a few barrowloads of the best fermenting material at hand, and plant on small mounds of loam. A new lining is placed to the front, cover early every night, and adopt the market grower's system of shutting up about 3 p.m. with sun-heat and plenty of moisture. If straight fruit is required glasses may be used. Madreiijield Court Gardens. W. Crump. THE FLOWER GARDEN. The comparative rest that many plants are now enjoying after their spring activity will, towards the end of the month, give place to renewed growth. W'hen plants cease for a time to put forth fresh buds we say they are at rest, when in fact they are busy making preparation for a fresh display. A good shower of rain or a good soaking of water will invariably cause the sap in plants to rise. But there is nothing like a shower of rain ; water as freely as you will the plants will only moderately respond. Delphiniums and plants of this character should be carefully gone over and all the old flower stems taken out, this will encourage them to make fresh growth and give a good display of bloom throughout the autumn. Herbaceous P.ieonies. These will now have done flowering, and in gardens where beds can be devoted to their culture tall-growing annuals should be ready for planting between the crowns ; they will make a fine display towards the end of the summer, and to do away with the untidy appearance we so often see when the foliage of the Piconies is dying off. Acanthus latifolius. We often hear it said of some plants they make a grand display for a time, but when they are most needed neither flowers nor leaves are to be depended upon. Here is a plant that anybody can grow, and which is in all respects excellent. The leaves are bold and noble in outline, and the plant has a tendency, rare in some things with otherwise fine qualities, to retain its leaves till the end of the season without losing freshness. In fact the only thing we have to decide about this subject is, what is the best place for it. It is one of those plants that will not disgrace any position, and will prove equally at home in the centre of a mixed bed or border of a choice shrubbery. It will do well in the flower garden, and has not that seedy look which many things have at the end of the summer. (iive it a good deep soil to grow in, and do not begrudge it attention when first planted, for, unlike many other plants, it will not trouble you again for a long time. GyNERIUM ARfiENTEUM. The Pampas Grass deserves quite as much atten- tion as any plant in cultivation. What is there growing in the garden or in the wild more noble, distinct, and beautiful than the great silvery plumes of this plant waving in the autumnal gales, the burial plumes as it were of our summer too early dead. The soils of very many gardens are in- sufficient to give it the highest degree of strength and vigour, and no plant better repays for a thorough preparation, which ought to be the more freely given when it is considered that the one preparation suffices for many years. This plant should have a somewhat sheltered position in the flower garden, so as to prevent as much as possible that destruction of the foliage which occurs wherever the plant is much exposed to the breeze. In dry seasons this plant should have abundance of water and a good mulching of rotten manure. T. B. Field. Ashwellthorpe Hall Gardens, Norutick. INDOOR GARDEN. Malmaison Carnations. As the early-flowering plants become denuded of their flowers carefully remove old and bad foliage, and cut out the old flower stems close to the wood. Place the plants thinly in a cool airy house where plenty of air can circulate freely amongst them to harden the young growth before layering. Unless the plants undergo this preparation the young wood is generally too brittle, and in the process of laj'ering a good number of the strongest and best layers are spoiled. This preparatory treatment is especially necessary where the plants during their flowering have been arranged closely together for efiect in the show house or conservatory. A week or ten days under the treatment first referred to is generally sufficiently long to bring the young shoots into suitable condition for layering. A cold frame standing on a firm surface of ashes where the water can pass freely away is suitable for this purpose. This may be filled to a depth of 10 inches CABBAGE WYTHES' EARLY GEM (SHOWING THE HEART). 16 THE GAEDEN. [July 4, 1903. or a foot with rough siftings of soil or other material in which the balls of the old plants are to be plunged, proceeding one row at a time cross- ways of the frame. Surface this rough soil to a depth of 3 inches with prepared light fine sandy soil, which should be in a moderately moist condi- tion to enable it to be made quite firm. As the layers are inserted peg them with wire pegs and give them a light sprinkling with water from a fine rosed water-pot. Ventilate the frame with a small piece of lath under the light at the back or upper end, and until the layers are rooted shade them from the sun with tiffany. Unless the weather is very dull sprinkle them lightly twice each day to counteract the loss by evaporation. Begonias for Winter Flowering. Of these the hybrid class introduced by Messrs. Veitch is invaluable. The best treatment for this section is to keep them growing steadily during early summer, and to repot them at this season of the year in loam, leaf-soil, and sand. Place them in a somewhat close pit and give a moderate amount of moisture with shade during bright weather ; if tliese plants are allowed to become dry and quite dormant after the flowering season they do not start again very freely until late in the year. Cinerarias. Make a final sowing if not already done. The j'oung plants from the previous sowing should be pricked oft' 2 inches apirt into shallow pans or boxes and placed in a cool shady place in a frame or pit. Give them a light dusting with Tobacco powder to keep aphis in check. Calceolarias. One sowing of these will be sufficient, and should be made at once in well drained shallow pans and filled with rough material or the sifting of leaf-soil to within 1 inch of the rim. Cover with about three-quarters of an inch of fine soil composed of loam, leaf-soil, and sand pressed firmly over the surface of the pans, and if watered half an hour before the seeds are sown it will be in good con- dition to receive them. As these are very fine they should be only covered by placing a sheet of glass to fit closely over each seed pan. A good position in which to germinate the seeds is a small temporary frame placed at the base of a Eorth wall where it can be kept in a cool equable condition. When the weather is dry or windy cover the frame with tiffany until the seeds ger- minate, when a little subdued light is helpful. Wendover. J. Jaqdes. THE KITCHEN GAEDEN. Onions. The main crop of the spring-sown Onions having been slightly thinned will now be growing rapidly, and but little attention will be required beyond hand weeding in the rows and running the hoe through the alleys on fine days. The plants raised under glass and afterwards planted out will need similar treatment, and as these require to be ■worked among more frequently the hoe must be plied often in order to maintain the surface soil in a pulverised condition. If a mulch has been laid on there will be less need for hoeing, the necessary weeding being per- formed by hand. The advantages of a mulch of a decayed Mushroom bed for this crop cannot be over-estimated. Great care must be taken not to damage the points of the leaves when working among them ; they are e.xtremely brittle. Liquid manure from the farmyard may be given frequently, and when possible this should be applied before the soil has become too dry or it will run away too quickly. An occasional change in the way of an approved vegetable manure may be given with advantage. This should be placed round each bulb with the hand, taking care not to place it against the bulb. A fortnightly slight dusting of soot to all Onions is highly beneficial, for, apart from the manurial properties it contains, it will act as a deterrent to the dreaded Onion maggot. Celery. Complete the planting in trenches as fast as the plants become large enough. To ensure good heads both the main crop and the late plants should now be put out, and kept well sup- plied with water. The early batches of plants will be growing freely, and some assistance may be given by manurial waterings to maintain healthy growth. This crop is greatly benefited by frequent dustings of soot, and if this is followed up closely from the time the plants become well established until earthing up is done it will keep the Celery fly in check. The aflfected leaves should be picked ofl^ and burned. SPIiVACH. It is too early to sow the varieties usually grown for winter, but a good breadth of the summer LILIUM KELLOGGII. varieties may be sown provided a cool, moist position is at command. It is often difficult to obtain Spinach in the late summer, especially in gardens having a light porous soil. The New Zealand Spinach may be grown as a substitute if the ordinary varieties do not thrive. This species does not suffer so severely from drought as the others. Seakale. Keep the Dutch hoe working among the plants that are being grown for lifting to force in winter. Go over the plants and cut out any weakly growths that may have been overlooked. Where two strong growths occur on one plant they may be retained, but if one be weak then remove it. Some stimulant should now be given ; two slight dressings of salt may be applied at intervals of a month, and a fortnight after the first application the plants may be dressed with decomposed sea- weed or farmyard manure. Guano is also very beneficial. Stoneleiijh Abbey Gardens. H. T. jSIartin. NE^V AND RARE PLANTS. Lilies at Holland House. That one Lily received a first-class certificate, and another an award of merit, at the recent exhibition at Holland House shows that the genus was well represented. The first to mention is that upon which a first-class certifi- cate was bestowed, viz., LiLIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM (ShIRLEY VAE.). It is certainly a very fine form of the broad- leaved variety of L. auratuin, the plants shown being about 6 feet high, while the flowers are very large, of a particularly waxlike substance, and the petals are white, save for a golden band down the centre of each. There is an entire aKsence of the spotting so pronounced in most forms of L. auratum. It appears to be a particularly well grown form of a Lily sent to this country from Japan in limited numbers under the name of Lilium auratum platy- phyllum virginale. The form exhibited is said to have been planted as a single bulb many years ago at Shirley, and to have increased since then in a wonderful way. It certainly formed a feature in ^Messrs. Wallace's notable group. LiLiuM Kelloggii. This Lily, shown by Messrs. Barr, was perhaps the most interesting species there, and an award of merit was given it. In general appearance it suggests a hybrid between L. pardalinum and L. rubescens or L. washing- tonianum, probably the first named of the two. Mr. Carl Purdy, who named this Lily, says that the bulb is small, like L. colum- bianum, while the leaves are in regular whorls, much as in L. rubescens. The flower, how- ever, is very intermediate in character, ap- proaching more nearly to L. pardalinum in shape, while the colour is a warm rosy purple on the upper half of the petals, with the centre lighter and freely dotted with rich purple. A good illustration of this Lily and description by Mr. Purdy were given in The Garden for May 11, 1901, the former of which we reproduce. It is a native of the Redwood region in Humboldt County, California, and, like many other species from the same district, will probably jirove difficult to grow. THE FRUIT GARDEN. TRAFALGAR STRAWBERRY. A LTHOUGH the flavour of an edible fruit /\ should be its most important attribute, / % appearance must not be overlooked. / \ In the case of Strawberries, size often / ^ carries with it a certain weight, while variety is sometimes appreciated and sought after. With the latter point in view we have this season given the Trafalgar Strawberry a trial for late forcing, and, not having noticed any remarks concerning its use for this purpose, our experience may not be altogether uninteresting. This, perhaps, may be best given by comparing it with that of Royal Sovereign, a variet}' that has deservedly become generally popular, and which I venture to say has no equal for forcing when all its qualities are taken into account, though in the July i, 1903. j THE GARDEN. 17 case of the Laxton thia judgment may be prema- ture, as a trial in a small way, which is all that we have given it, cannot be considered reliable. I hope this may prove to be true, for valuable as Royal Sovereign, especially for forcing, un- doubtedly is, a still better would be welcomed. Trafalgar when grown and ripened in pots under identical conditions with those aft'orded Royal Sovereign carries more foliage than the latter, and pushes more flower spikes ; in fact, its free bearing character amounts to a fault, which we rectify by freely pinching out the weakest spikes at an early stage of their development. The fruit is quite equal to Royal Sovereign in point of size, and in season of ripening it closely follows it, thus affording a good succession ; but both in •colour and flavour, though they are good, it cannot be said to equal Royal Sovereign. Its flesh is firm, and the fruit travels well. The plant is robust, and apparently capable of resisting attacks of mildew and red spider, which are attributes of much value. For outdoor culture Trafalgar is a prolific bearer, and yields very large fruits upon maiden plants. This is the only way we have grown it. In fact all our dessert fruit, with the exception of some produced by planting out forced plants, is grown in that way. THE PEAR MIDGE. This insect has of late years become very destruc- tive in some districts, and nowhere more so than in the western counties, and those who have battled with it by doing their utmost by hand-picking the affected fruits and burning them have apparently derived little benefit therefrom, for the following season the attacks have proved to be as virulent as «ver. In fact, the eradication of the insect in districts like this one, with very large Pear trees (where it is perfectly impracticable to hand-pick the midge-infested fruits), has become a perfectly hope- less task. It will be interesting, now that the Pear crop has been destroyed to a very great extent by the severe April frosts, to observe next season what effect it will have upon this insect. It is reasonable to suppose that its attacks will, to say the least, be diminished in a marked degree, and similar remarks appl}' to the codlin moth and some other pests. If this proves to be the case the destructive results of the elements, which many of us have serious reasons to bewail, will not be without good efleet. Perhaps after all it is one of Nature's modes of remedying her own evils. Thos. Coomeer. The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth. RENOVATING OLD VINES. Unless root - pruning has been systematicallj' practised the roots of Vines that have been planted some years will escape from the border they were meant to occupy. The Vine is naturally a deep-rooting plant, and unless in some way checked is sure, sooner or later, to thrust its roots down into the subsoil, where they are removed from the influence of warmth and air. Roots that bury themselves to a depth of 6 feet can never be so active as those that remain within a foot or two of the surface. As a fact, they cease then to make fibrous roots to any extent, simply travelling on without ramifying, and sooner or later coming into the wet cold subsoil. In the case of Vines that have been planted some twenty years it frequently happens that no traces of fibrous roots can be found within measurable distance of the surface. Some years ago I had some Hamburghs that had been over twenty j-ears in place. I had to go down '2i feet before I found any trace of roots, and the smallest of them were as large as a man's finger. Vines in this condition cannot bear good crops. It is impossible to get large bunches or well-f5nished berries from them, and in a damp cool summer they are sure to shank badly. There are, of course, exceptions to the rule ; some old Vines, such as that at Hampton Court for instance, continue in a healthy, fruit-bearing condition, and their roots are far away from the surface. This can only happen, however, where the soil is exceptionally favourable and the drainage very free, and where there is a great depth of soil on a sandy or gravelly bottom. The greater portion of vineries are, however, in low-lying situations, where there are not more than 3 feet or 4 feet of soil above the clay perhaps, or that can be relied on not to get water-logged when the Vines are at rest. Concreting the bottom to keep the roots from getting down was much practised some years ago, but I am rather doubtful as to whether the results were always good. The roots, of course, got down on the concrete, and in the course of time it was found that the soil became sour, the consequence being that the points of the roots decayed. As a fact, it does not take much to kill the younger roots of a Vine at rest ; they are very sensitive to excess of moisture from the time active growth ceases. One of the best market growers 1 am acquainted with, and who has gained many prizes at our large exhibitions, makes a practice of annually going over his Colmans, Hamburgh, and Alicantes, and stopping the roots in their downward progress. If this is done at an early stage in the life of the Vine the formation of fibrous roots will be encouraged near the surface, and the Vines later on will not come into the condition which necessitates drastic measures to restore then, to health and vigour. Undoubtedly the best way is to lift the roots and replace them in fresh compost. It is surprising what may be done in this way in the course of a year or two. Some Vines in a private garden had been planted about forty years, and came into such a weak condition that they could scarcely produce any bunches, and were every season attacked by mildew. The roots had gone down so deep that they were difficult to find, scarcely any fibres being discovered. After the first j'ear these Vines improved rapidly, and now bear good crops, mildew being little in evidence. Where Vines are so old and get into this condition, it is, I think, better to root them out and start with j'oung ones, giving as much change of soil as possible ; but on the part of many there is a natural reluctance to do away with Vines that in their time have borne good crops. As I have proved, it is possible to restore old Vines to a fair degree of vigour without lifting the whole of the roots. I have some Hamburghs on the back wall of a lean-to ; they were planted about thirty years ago, and the greater portion of the roots have made their way across the path into a front border used for Tomatoes and Strawberries. It would be impos- sible to lift the roots without disturbing the wall that encloses the border, so [ thought I would try another plan. I took the soil away from the old roots as far as I could get at them, both above and below, notched them here and there, and packed them round with peat. The old soil, to about a foot in depth, was replaced with nice free compost. In the course of the season roots were freely produced, the growth was much stronger, and the wood ripened well. In succeeding years there was much improvement in the yield and quality of the produce. I strongly recommend this method to those who may not be willing to lift the whole of the roots. J. Cornhill. SOCIETIES. HOLLAND HOUSE FLOWER SHOW. Hardy Trees and Shrubs. This aspect of the garden was well represented, several excellent groups being tastefully arranged, and contributing largely to the excellence of the general display. Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate and Barnet, made another of their unique exhibits of clipped trees, their group on this occasion containing some 200 specimens in green-painted tubs. Box and Yew were the chief shrubs used, though some splendid pyramids of Bay and Euonymus were also in evidence. As showing the comprehensive character of the shapes into which the shrubs were clipped it may be mentioned that swans and peacocks, tables, chairs, boats, dogs, jugs, churches, and birds on pyramids in various forms made a display for which this firm is now so famous. From Mr. John Russell, Richmond, Surrey, came a superb group of tree Ivies, embracing no less than forty varieties, and representing some 500 plants of dwarf and standard forms. This group was a very novel one, and was also tastefully setup in crescent form. Conspicuous plants were Hedera arborea flavescens, H. arborea canariensis aurea, H. pal- mata aurea, H. arborea Gold Cloud, H. aborea Glymii, H. digitata aurea, H. arborea Sheen Silver, H. Silver Queen, and H. elegan- tissima. Trailing growths of other Ivies were worked in along the front and made a pleasing finish. Messrs. John Waterer and Sons, Limited, Bagshot, had a handsome group of specimen shrubs in pots and tubs, also a pretty selection of Acers, Rhododendrons, and a grand lot of Kalmias, which made a very interesting display. Of the more note- worthy shrubs the following deserve mention : Thuja Lobbii zebrina, T. occidentalis aurea, Abies concolor (very fine), A. nordmanniana, Thujopsis borealis argentea variegata (a beautiful plant), Retinospora plumosa aurea, R. oblusa densa (very pretty), R. pisifera aurea, R. ericoides, Taxus faatigiata aurea, T. baccala aurea, Cryptomeria japonica elegans, and a pretty piece of Silver Box. Kalmia lati folia seedlings saw this fine flowering shrub represented in various tints of colour, and the plants were freely flowered. Although there were few Rhododendrons, they were very fresh and clean, the best plants being Mrs. John Kelk, Sir Henry Mildmay, B. W. Elliott, Maggie Haywood, and Beauty of Bagshot. Messrs. \V. Fromow and Sons, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, W., arranged a very large semi-circular group of Japanese Maples and hardy shrubs. The arrangement of the group was pleasing, and included in it were many valuable plants. Among the Maples were Acer palniatum dis.sectum atro-purpureum, A. p. roseum mar- ginatum, A. p. dissectum variegatum, A. p. coralinum, and others. Retinospora leptoclada and R. squarrosa were conspicuous. Bamboos and numerous delightful hardy trees and shrubs were much admired. A pretty lot of Kalmia latifolia were exhibited in baskets, and interspersed in the group pleasingly. As usual, Messrs. J. Cheal and Son, Crawley, were well to the fore with a large and compre- hensive group of ornamental trees and shrubs. The arrangement of the group left nothing to be desired. Tlie different plants were quite artisti- cally disposed, and charming contrasts thereby effected. Flowering plants were represented by Kalmia latifolia, Veronica newryensis (very fine), Philadelphus, Hydrangea, Rhododendrons, and other plants. Shrubs were seen in good condition as represented by Thujopsis dolabrata, Cupres- sus lawsoniana var. , Thuja japonica filiformis, and Retinospora plumosa aurea. The foregoing are a mere tithe of the good things seen in this group. By far the best group of ornamental trees and shrubs was displayed by Messrs. Thos. Cripps and Son, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Exceptionally fine specimens of the better Japanese Maples were exhibited by this firm, and each one gave good evidence of the skill and ability of Messrs. Cripps as growers of these beautiful trees. The most striking specimen Maples were Acer palmatum palmatifidum, A. p. dissectum, A. p. d. ornatum, A. p. septemlobum elegans purpureum, A. p. vit;efolium and the glorious A. japonicum aureum, A. p. sanguinea, A. p. purpureum, and numerous other lovely Maples which space prevents us from naming. Vitis Coigneti*, V. heterophylla varie- gata, Cupressus macrocarpa Crippsii, Retinospora obtusa Crippsii, and Cupressus macrocarpa lutea were noteworthy subjects, each of which had a charm of its own. In the centre of the group a magnificent specimen of Retinospora obtusa Crippsii was a prominent feature of this grand exhibit. In association with a display of Delphiniums Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, S. W. , arranged as a background a splendid lot of Sciadopitys verticillata. Each specimen was in a tub, and appeared to be in the pink of condition. We were much impressed with its value. 18 THE GARDEN. [July 4, 1903. Miscellaneous. Messrs. William Wood and Son, Wood Green, N., exhibited parden statuary, both in iron and terra cotta. Messrs. Wood are exhibiting a new summer-house with revolving chamber at the top, whose advantages are obvious. Another summer-house is built on a raised platform, which is most useful on wet ground. Samples of artificial manure, insecti- cides, meteorological instruments, garden hose, lawn mowers, spraying instruments, syringes, tfec, were also shown by Messrs. Wood and Son. One make of Messrs. Wood's, a hanging basket called "The King," has been supplied to His Majesty's yacht. The Standard Manufacturing Company, Limited, Ye Olde Moot Hall, Derby, showed horticultural implements in variety, and particularly noticeable were the tree primers in many different sizes and makes. The Hull Chemical Works, Limited, showed Bitter Oil, a plant insecticide. Messrs. Pulham and Son, 71, Newman Street, Oxford Street, W., exhibited garden vases, balustrades, &c., in " Pulhamite," the now well-known material for these purposes. Mr. John Pinches, 3, Crown Buildings, Crown Street, Camberwell, S.E., had an exhibit of Acme labels in various shapes and styles of lettering. These labels are practically imperishable, and to be highly recommended. Messrs. D. Dowel and Son, Ravenscourt Avenue, Hammer- smith, W., exhibited an extensive display of Ohlendorff's Peruvian guano and manures, garden pottery, and sundries. "Junofloris," a preparation for preserving cut flowers in water, was exhibited by Junifloris Department, 95 and DG, High Holborn. " Beetlecute," an infallible exterminator of beetles, cockroaches, ants, woodli^e, «fcc , was shown by Messrs. Vails and Co., IG, Coleman Street, E.G. Kural Table Decorations were shown by Mr. J. Williams, 4A, Oxford Road, Ealing, and Mr. Robert Sydenham, Tenby Street, Birmingham. Some very attractive tubs for shrubs were sent by Messrs. Champion and Co., 115, City Road, E.C. They are in various forms and sizes, varnished, polished, and fitted with brass rims and handles. Messrs. S. and E. Collier, Limited, exhibited garden vases and pottery. The Pattisson Patent Lawn Boots were shown by Mr. H. Pattisson, 1, Farm Avenue, Streatham, S.W. Mr. J. George, 14, Redgrave Road, Putney, S.W., had an exhibit of horticultural sundries, such as manures, insec- ticides. Mushroom spawn, peat, &c. Munstesd flower glasses from Messrs. James Green and Kephew, 107, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. (the manufacturers), made an interesting exhibit. Messrs. Lee and Co., Knightrider Street, Maidstone, exhibited fruit bottling appliances and outfits. Messrs William Poore and Co., American Stove Stores, 139, Cheapside, E.C, had a display of greenhouse and hall stoves, hot water apparatus, Beacon oil stove, paraffin oil stoves, &c. Messrs. Eggett and Son, Thames Ditton, showed photo- graphs of rockeries, alpineries, dripping wells, caves, &c., constructed by them. Oak park fencing was shown by Mr. W. Bowen, timber merchant, Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent. The Economic Fencing Company, Limited, Billiter House, Billiter Street, E.C, showed the patent Peignon Unclimb- able Chestnut Pale Fencing. Mr. W. O. Parkin, 20, Oakdale Road, SheflQeld, showed a patent pliable flower support, made of wire, and in the shape of a ball or an egg. This may be put in the neck of the vase or bowl. Jadoo Limited, Palace Gate, Exeter, showed Jadoo fibre, Petersburg mats, new creeper wall clip, syringes, Jadoo liquid plant food, and other sundries. Messrs. W. Herbert and Co., Hop Exchange, S. E., had a display of various garden reiiuisites— for instance, leaf- mould, peat manures, Abol insecticide, &c. JNIessrs. Osman and Co., 13'2 and 134, Commercial Street, E., exhibited a large coUection of horticultural sundries. We noticed thermometers, prepared green rattia in various shades, flower vases, garden hose, garden cutlery, Osman's garden fertiliser, guano, weatlierproof pencils for marking garden labels, punnets. Mushroom spawn, wood wool, &c. New Orchids. First-class certificates were given to Odontoglossum liolfece maJesticnm.—A large flower, with broad sepals and petals and fine oblong lip. The ground colour of this variety is white, and is heavily blotched with purple-red. From Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. MUtonia vexiUaria hindeana.—A beautiful fluwer, white, except for a faint tinge of purple on the sepals and in the centre of the flower. From Messrs. Sander and Sons. La'lio-Cattlcya Martineti Flambeau. — The sepals and petals of this flower are deep rosy apricot, while the well- formed lip is rich purple. It is a flower of lovely and striking colouring. The parents are Cattleya Mossiie and Lrclia tenebrosa. From Messrs. Sander and Sons. Cattleya Mossiw Alexandres. —A. large flower, with elegant pure white petals, sepals of the same colour, and a long lip of a beautiful pink-purple. The throat is rich yellow, this colouring extending towards the base of the lip. From Messrs. Sander and Sons. Cattleya ra'hersiana.—C. Mendelii and C hardyana are the parents of this hybrid Cattleya, which is of beautiful form. The white sepals and petals are tinged with purple, while the striking lip is of rich purple colour. From Messrs. Sander and Sons. Cattleya Warncri alba.— -A cultural commendation as well as an award of merit was given to a plant of this lovely Cattleya, which had one spike bearing five flowers. These are pure white except for the yellow throat. From M. A. A. Peelers, Bruxelles. Awards of merit were given to Odontoglossum ardenti-ishnum Fascinator. — A pretty, symmetrical flower, with well-formed sepals and petals. The ground colour of these is white, and both are blotched with red-purple. From Messrs. Sander and Suns. Lcvlio-Cattleya Martineti var. ockracea. —A large, spreading flower, with buff-yellow sepals and soft rosy buff petals. The long lip is rosy purple. Uelia tenebrosa and Cattleya Mossifo are the parents of this hybrid. From Messrs. Sander and Suns. A cultural commendation was given to Mr. Denny, gar- dener to Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford, for Disa X Clio (D. grandiflora x D. Veitcliii). The plants were very vigorous and blooming splendidly. New Plants. The following received a flrst-class certificate : Lilium auratMin platyphylhtm Shirley var. — This fine form was, without doubt, the most handsome hardy - fiowering plant at this great show. The ordinary forms of L. platyphyllum are well known for their great stature and surpassing beauty, and this is ihe finest form we have seen. As adding to its greater value from the garden point of view we were informed that the whole of the stock had been raised at Shirley from a single bulb, a most encouraging fact. The plant is fully C feet high as shown, the giant white golden-banded flowers of great substance and beauty. From Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester. The following received an award of merit : Freimirus Mm. Reuthe.— Tins is the result of a cross between E. turkestanica and E. Bungei, with medium size flowers in a compact spike some 3 feet in length. The colour is a soft lemon-yellow, rather pale in tone. It is very charming. From Mr. G. Reuthe, Keston, Kent. Fapaver nt(dicaule{ioT strain). — Theaward in thisinstance was given to a superior strain of these Iceland Poppies, a strain embracing many shades from cream into yellow and gold, and again to fiery orange-scarlet. Some very curious and interestingforms had flaked flowers, the petals distinctly barred with a shade of colour distinct from the body colour of the flower. From Messrs. Storrie and Storrie, Dundee. Fapaver oricntale Lady Roicoe. — A splendid cupped form of an intense salmon-orange shade with a dark blotch of medium size on each petal. Very showy and pure in colour. From Mr. R. C. Notcutt. Delphinium Monarch.— T\d& variety has a good well- formed spike and dark purplish violet flowers with dark centre. A large and handsome flower. From Mr. R. C Notcutt, Woodbridge, Suffolk. JJelphiniuin Reo. iv. Wilks. — So far as the single blossoms are concerned, these are of great size and tlie spike of moderate proportions. The colour is intense purple. A splendid variety. Exhibited by Messrs. Kelway and Son, Langport. Carnation Skiela.—A beautiful yellow ground fancy kind for the border, the petals freckled and bordered with dark crimson. From Messrs. Cutbush and Sons, Highgate. Carnation Lady Wolverton (Border).— A large and showy variety, salmon or deep rose-salmon in colour. The flowers are large, well formed, and sweetly scented. It is an excel- lent variety. Shown by Messrs. W. Cutbush and Sons, Highgate. Pceonia J)aivn.~ A very beautiful semi-double variety, with rich rosy red outer petals, the golden central tuft adding greatly to the attractiveness of this handsome variety. Exhibited by Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester. Lilium Kellogijii. — A very beautiful species, with small, much rertexed ilowers, the segments of which are of a rosy hue, freely covered with dark spots. The form of the flower with its size gives one an impression of L. rubescens. It is a pretty and dainty Lily. Shown by Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden. Nicotiana Sander (v.—T\\\s fine plant, described as a hybrid between N. rubra and N. afhnis, may quite easily be taken at another season of the year for one of the Calanthes in respect to colour. Naturally in the present plant there is a much greater array of blussoms, but the rich rose-pink is a very beautiful and attractive shade in a plant so easily cultivated. IE the plant comes true from seeds it will prove a most valuable addition to good garden plants. From Messrs. F. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. Begonia The Queen. — A fine single variety, the flowers well formed, of a creamy white, touched with the palest salmon-pink. The centre is rich orange-yellow. Shown by Messrs. Laing and Sons, Forest Hill. Begonia Countess of Warwick (Double)— In every respect a flower of high quality. The colour is rich yellow, lieavily bordered with orange. From Messrs. Blackmore and Lang- don, Twerton, Bath. Begonia W. Sparshott. — A fine double-flowering variety, bright scarlet in colour, and remarkable for its substance uf petal. From Messrs. B. R. Davis and Son, Yeovil. Begonia Gipsy Girl. — A single and crested variety. The colour is white, with delicate pink shading. From Messrs. B. R. Davis and Son, Yeovil. THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND CHELTENHAM SOCIETY. An excellent show was held by this society on the 24th iilt. in the Montpellier Gardens, Cheltenham, which is a most desirable position for the purpose. The groups of plants were numerous and splendidly arranged, and cut flowers were in great perfection. Table decorations were also taste- fully arranged, and altogether the show was a great success, reflecting much credit upon the officials. Plants. For ten greenhouse and stove-flowering plants three entered, of which Mr. Cypher, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham, was a good first, and staged a collection of splendid plants, including Statice prufusa, Allamanda nobilis, Bougainvillea Sanderi, Azalea Ilolfordi, Stephanotis floribunda, Ixora salicifolia, and I. Williamsii ; Mr. Vause of Leamington was second with smaller well-flowered plants. For six i>laiits, three flowering and three ornamental foliage, Mr. May, gardener to H. 0. Lord, Esq., was first; Blr. Maddock, gardener to J. Horlick, Esq., Cowley Manor, second. For twelve flowering plants in G-inch pots, Mr. Mutlow, gardener to Major Percy Shewell, was first with small well- fluwered plants, embracing some choice Orchids, Heaths,, and Kalosanthes ; Mr. Maddock was second with an almost e; table- plants was well filled, the premier award being taken by Mr. Mutlow, who was closely followed by Mr. Maddock and Messrs. Pates and Sharp, The Nurseries, Cheltenham. Only- two exhibitors staged in a class for six pots of Liliums, viz_,, Mr. May and Messrs. Pates and Sharp, who were placed in. the order named. Groups. Miscellaneous plants arranged in 150 square feet. These always make a grand display at Cheltenham, and on thia occasion there were four exhibitors, the chief of which was il r. Cypher, who arranged a remarkably effective group ; iNIr. Vause was placed second. In a corresponding class, confined to amateur exhibitors, Mr. Mutlow arranged the most effective collection of well- grown plants, while Mr. Maddock was placed second amongst four exhibitors. For Orchids arranged in a space of 100 square feet, Mr. Cypher was far ahead of his rival, the Cheltenham group being the best) feature in the show, and included many grand varieties of choice Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, Lfelias, Cypripediums,. Oncidiums, Slasdevallias, Ac, arranged upon a groundwork of Maidenhair Fern. Tuberous Begonias were arranged in splendid conditioD both by Measrs. Heath and Son, The Nurseries, Cheltenham, and Messrs. Pates and Sharp, each group being almost, perfect. Pelargoniums, both show and zonal varieties, made effective features With zonals Mr. Mutlow was the leading exhibitor, Mr. May- second, and Messrs. Pates and Sharp third. The show- varieties were best shown by Mr. May. Gloxinias were alsu well shown in groups, Mr. May being^ placed first. With a group of Carnations Messrs. Heath and Son were a good first. Table Decorations. There were four competitors in this class. Miss Watson taking tlie leading award, followed by Mr. Vause and Miss L. Nicholas, each arranging in a tasteful manner. Messra. Pates and Sharp had the best bouquet. Roses. For twenty-four blooms : Messrs. Townsend and Sons- Worcester, were the only exhibitors in this class, staging for the season an excellent lot of flowers. In the class for flowers arranged with their own foliaee in a space 0 feet by 4 feet, there were two exhibitors, Messrs. Townsend and Son taking the lead with fifty-three varieties, splendidly- staged and blended, Messrs. Pates and Sharp being second. Messrs. Pates and Sharp were a good first with cut flowers and foliage arranged iu a space of 0 feet by 4 feet. For a. collection of cut flowers of herbaceous plants and hardy perennials, Messrs. Pates and Sharp were again first. Fruit. Mr. Savory, gardener to the Rev. G. Coventry, was first with a fine collection of six dishes of fruit. Mr. Savory was also first for a dish of Strawberries with Royal Sovereign ; Mr. Marsh with a dish of Peaches, and Mr. May for Nectarines. Vegetables. For a collection of eight varieties, Mr. F. Taylor, Ryefiel3 ^lowers and buds.) ascertain. The plant forms dense rosette-like masses of tiny, narrow, glaucous green leaves, and becomes quite a thick carpet. It is a native of North America, from New Mexico to Northern Nevada, where it grows on damp limestone rocks at a considerable elevation. The flowers, I learn, are small and white, and appear in early autumn on stems 1 inch or 2 inches high. I am trying this interesting plant at the moist edge of a tub containing the dainty little Nymphaja pygma;a helveola, and have surrounded it with small pieces of limestone rock. CVDONIA SaGENTI. Here is another small subject, and one which has been quite a conspicuous feature in my small rock garden this spring, so much so that I can thoroughly recommend it as a most desirable dwarf shrub for almost any purpose, although from its habit of growth the rock garden would appear to be its proper home. It came to me from Newry under the name of Cydonia pj'gmoea, and, though I cannot at the time of writing trace any authority for this name, I observe that Messrs. Lemoine are distributing a Cydonia, which exactly answers to the description of my plant, under the name of C. Sagenti. Whatever may prove to be its correct name, it is very lovely, and all through April its erect little spreading branches were smothered with bright orange flowers. In spite, too, of the bitter April weather which so injured many of our hardy shrubs, this handsome little one appeared quite unaffected, and has even set fruit. Slug Catching. This subject has been given considerable pro- minence of late. I suppose the wet summer last year has something to do with this, as it proved July 11 1S03.1 THE GARDEN. 27 congeniil to the welfare of these pests. A corre- spondent wrote to the Field some weeks ago as follows : — " The only effective remedy I can find for a plague of slugs is successional broods of ducklings — a fresh brood every month. No other plan is of any avail in my garden, which has large j grassy banks on all sides and meadows beyond t them. The late Miss Ormerod kindly gave me | the result of her experiments, and she found lime most effective — one application at dawn, another after the slugs had expended a lot of slime, and a third to make sure later on. The slime being their protection, when they have exhausted the supply, lime kills them ; but this plan is useless to me, as they keep invading the garden from the grass out- side daily. I find a wash of one to twenty-five of cressilio acid and water on frames and staging prevents them from climbing, and the deterrent lasts a fortnight at least." After this follows an editorial note to the effect that powdered quick- lime will kill every slug or snail on which it falls, and is best as dusted over crops after showers, or in the gloaming, when these marauders are abroad. Most of us, too, will agree with the editor when he goes on to add that ducklings, &c., are very useful, but it is not practicable to employ them in many small gardens. To the majority of hardy plant growers the remedy suggested is worse than the disease. To have such gems as the Androsacea and encrusted Saxifrages overrun with ducklings (however small) would end, I am afraid, in disaster for the plants. Dr. Bonavia draws attention in the Gardener's Chronicle to a statement in "Animal Life " that the favourite diet of the blind-worm (sometimes known as the slow-worm) consists of small grey meadow slugs ; and for that reason it is most beneficial to the gardener and the agriculturist. I was extremely interested by some further remarks of Dr. Bonavia's, and have therefore looked up the matter, as the reptile is fairly abun- dant in this district. According to " Chambers's Encyclopiedia " " it is very timid, and when alarmed contracts itself forcibly, and then becomes remarkably brittle, so as to be easily broken in two by a blow or by an attempt to bend it. The name blind-worm has apparently originated in a mistake caused by the smallness of the eyes, which, however, are very quick and brilliant. Its food consists of slugs I and insects, and it retires in autumn under masses of decayed wood and leaves or into dry soft soil." A friend of mine kept one in captivity for a considerable period, feeding it on earth- worms. At the time I did not know that slugs were included amongst its diet, so that I was not interested in his strange pet, but now I intend pro- curing one as soon as possible. In a well-known journal devoted to the fair sex a friend has pointed out to me the following paragraph under the heading of "AmateurGardening": — "A very simple mode of slug catching has been suggested by a practical amateur, who declares it to be most efficacious. This is to place a few old saucers about in the borders, and pour into them early in the evening three or four tablespoonfuls of ordinary draught beer. The next morning the saucers will simply be crowded with tipsy slugs, which can be easily destroyed by pouring boiling water over them. If fowls are kept this disagreeable operation may be avoided, for the slugs will afford them a perfect feast, and the residue of beer will do them no harm." The italics are mine ! I am not quite sure whether this "very simple mode" is really to be taken seriously. According to an amusing case which figured in a Scotch law court some time ago the effect of intoxicants on fowls is decidedly more degrading than one could possibly imagine. The sum total of my experience with slugs is that hand picking with a lamp at night is the only efficient way of dealing with them as far as hardy plants are con- cerned. Zine rings and other contrivances are unsightly, and there is no pleasure in growing such plants, for instance, as Cotyledon spinosa and Androsace sempervivoides when their beauty is marred by an ugly piece of metal. My advice to anyone about to construct a rock garden or to make an herbaceous border is to put small heaps of bran on and around the ground it is pro- posed to lay out. Then pay several visits each evening to these heaps and collect all the slugs which in this way have been attracted, dropping them into a can of brine. The bran should he renewed occasionally, and after a while it will be found that all the slugs are caught. I know of no better way of ridding a piece of ground of these pests ; it is both simple and inexpensive. The in- discriminate use of soot and lime amongst alpine plants is likely to do as much damage as the slugs themselves. Arthur R. Goodwin. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS EREMURUS HIM-ROB. M AY I be permitted to rectify a small error in your issue of the -iOlh ult., re the hybrid Eremurus described by your correspondent (see page 423) ? The parentage given is not quite correct, as E. himalaicus has been the seed-parent, and not E. robustus. The name should read hira-rob, not ninirob. In naming this plant, which was raised in Messrs. Van Tubergen's nurseries, I followed Sir Michael Foster's example, who advocates the system of naming hybrids by uniting abbreviations of the names of the parents. This system has the great advantage that with hybrid plants it at once reveals their parentage. Haarlem, Holland. John Hogg. AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA. This nursery is the headquarters of Aquilegia glandulosa, and has been .so for a long time. It is one of my specialities— indeed, my only speciality in the flower way— for our nurseries are mainly devoted to forest trees, ornamental trees and shrubs, fruit trees, Roses, etc. This Columbine is the only species grown here, so as to keep the strain pure. This year my stock of plants flowered splen- didly and are setting seed well, while last season I had also a good deal of bloom, but failed to get much seed on account, I suppose, of so much rain just at the critical time of setting. The two illustrations would have been more intere.sting if the photographs had been taken a couple of days or so sooner as the flowers were past their best. The illus- tration of the single specimen represents the best flowering plant of this Columbine that I have ever seen or heard of. Before this specimen bloomed well-flowered plants might be had with from fifty to eighty blooms and buds ; but the one illustrated had the enor- mous number of 1.53 flowers and buds in all stages of development. On the day it was photographed about fifty-six of the flowers were open, the remainder being buds in the various stages. The average diameter of the flowers is 3* inches, but this year I had many 4 inches to 4i inches across, and one measured .5 inches, but it was e.xceptional. With us this plant neither has nor requires any special attention. It does not do much good in light or poor soil, thriving best in rich soil and that not liable to get dry in summer. Our present flowering plants are growing on peaty soil, and we get water 3 feet to 4 feet below the surface. Transplanted tufts will flower in beds where the seeds have been sown, but plants that have flowered for some years dwindle away. I think three year old plants that have been well grown flower most profusely, although they bloom well for years after. Plants can be moved during open weather from the end of August to the end of April. Seed ripens about the first week of .July, and that freshly gathered is best ; and if sown at once— during July— it will germinate mostly the same summer and the remainder the GROUrS OF AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA IN MR. WISEMAN'S NURSERY, FORRES, N.B. 28 THE GAKDEN. [July 11, 1903 following year. If seed is kept over until the j following spring after gathering it loses a deal of germinating power ; so the best method is to get seed whenever ripe and sow it in the open at once. W. Wiseman. The Nurseries, Forres, N.B. LEWISIA TWEEDYI. We are pleased to illustrate this beautiful flower, and should be glad if readers would give their experience of it. It is somewhat tender as a rule, but the lovely colouring of the flowers is a full reward for any trouble necessary to get good results. LYCHNIS CHALCEDONICA. Among the old garden flowers we must place Lychnis nhalcedonica, whose introduction by way of the East, if we are to believe the records of the past, dates from the time of the Crusaders. As the author of "Flora Historica " says, it is more than probable that it was introduced into Europe in their day, " since we find so many of the Conti- nental languages agree in calling it the Cross of Jerusalem — the French, Croix de .Jerusalem ; the Spaniards, Cruces de Jerusalem ; the Italians, Croce di Cavalieri ; the Germans, Hierosolymorum flos." Gerard speaks of it as common in English gardens in 159(i, and he calls it the " Flower of Constantinople " and the "Campion of Constanti- nople." Its more common name in recent years has been simply that of the " Scarlet Lychnis," a term which expresses graphically, when we are aware of the supposed derivation of the name of Lychnis, said to come from one signifying flame or lamp, the flame-like appearance of the blossoms. When seen in certain lights our flower seems to be appropriately so named from the brilliancy of its colour and the effect it makes in the garden. That it has long been a favourite need not cause sur- prise, as even in the summer months, when the garden is full of colour, this flower can well held its own. If we are to accept common tradition and many authorities, the scarlet Lychnis comes from Russia, but the "Index Kewensis " gives Japan as its native place. It would be interesting to trace this old flower in the course of its wander- ings until it found its way to our isles. It seems almost needless to describe it. Growing from H feet to about 4 feet high, according to the nature of the soil and the cultivation it receives, it looks hand- some with its stem - clasping, rather lanceolate leaves and the clusters of scarlet flowers which surmount the erect stem. The typical plant with single flowers is easily raised from seeds or increased by division, and there are varieties with white and rose-coloured flowers in addition to the scarlet. It is, however, to its double-flowered varieties that the scarlet Lychnis mainly owes its popularity. The double scarlet is the most brilliant, and gives precedence to none of its compeers in its season. Scarcer and beautiful, if less striking, is the double white variety, which one seldom sees offered in a cata- logue. It is said to have been a favourite with the Dutch, but it does not seem to have been known to Henry Van Oosten, whose "Dutch Gardener ; or, the Compleat Florist " lies before me as I write, and who speaks of only "one sort of double Lychnis.' It has, however, long been known in this country, and is appreciated by some, though, personally, I should not compare it with the double scarlet for garden use. One may say the same of another double — the double rose — which I have not seen for jears, and which must now be very rare. The double varieties can be increased by division in early spring, though it is not always that increase by this simple method is possible from the absence of side growths. Sometimes, however, slips may be procured from the roots in autumn, but, failing these, propagation is best effected by making cuttings of the flower-stems before the flowers open in early summer. This process requires more care than can often be spared in these times, but it is the most certain way of raising a stock. The stems should be cut into pieces of three or four joints and inserted in light soil on a half shady bed or border, leaving only one eye above the surface. They should be watered so as to settle the soil about the cuttings, and then covered with a hand-light or glass, shaded from strong sun, until they root, which ought to be in from six to seven weeks, when some air may be given and they may be gradually exposed to the sun. These double vaiieties are worthy of this trouble and care. It is unnecessary to detail the raising of the single form from seeds, the treat- ment not differing from that of other hardj' flowers. The scarlet Lychnis likes a warm situation in a rich but well-drained soil, and a group has a much better effect than a single plant. S. Arnott. LEWISIA TWEEDYI. (From a } hotnjiraph hy Miss Willmott.) NOTES FROM A YOEKSHIRE GARDEN. Mossv Saxifrages as Edging Plants. This particular Yorkshire garden consisted at first only of a portion of a field, with a concrete walk leading up to a new house. It was a question how best to obliterate as quickly as possible the stiff concrete edgings of the path and give a pretty setting to the herbaceous border that it was pro- posed to make. After preparing and planting the latter, the edging consisted for the first .^ear of Pansies, and very gay they looked during the summer. But in winter the concrete edging was very bare and ugly, so in the following spring a number of mossy Saxifrages took their place, and have proved a gieat success during the four years I hey have been planted. Beautiful fresh green lufts greet the eye in autumn and winter, followed by masses of little flowers in spring, and all so easily grown and spreading so quickly. Perhaps Saxifraga Rhei with its rose-pink blooms is as charming as anj', and close by is the riuh red little atropurpurea, whilst muscoides antl ca'spitosa spread their white carpet of blooms in contrast to July 11, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 29 their fellows. There is no special order or arrange- nieat of sorts ; first one variety, then another, and sometimes two or three bos?es of the same colour together, the general effect being very pleasing. Waltbr Jesper. AN ARTIST'S NOTE-BOOK. ASPIDISTRA LURIDA. A SPIDISTR.\ Ll'EIDA, with its leathery i\ Palm-like leaves and quaint, dull- / % coloured tlower.s, that barely rise / — \ above the surface of the soil, would I \. appear to be as widely removed as possiblefrom the charmingMadonna ' Lily, whose shafts of the purest white flowers form a delightful feature in many gardens, yet the two are closely allied, both being members of the extensive order Liliacea\ ITnlike most of its relatives, this Aspidistra is chiefly valued for the persistent character of its handsome shining leaves and the manner in which it adapts itself to adverse conditions, for as a window, plant even in the smoky districts of London, the Aspidistra, known popularly as the Parlour Palm, will not only hold its own but flourish. No description of the Aspidistra is necessary, as it is a well-known plant, but its curious flowers perplex many. They appear during spring, firstly in the shape of little knobs on the creeping rhizomes, which push their way just clear of the soil, increase in size, and ulti- mately expand. They are of a thick, wax-like texture, of a lurid jiurjjle when expanded, and have a curious Mushroom-like stigma. Despite their solid appearance they quickly fade. There is a widespread idea that if allowed to develop the flowers weaken the plant considerably, but there is really no foundation for this, as the effects, if any, are so infinitesimal as to be not worth consideration. China is the native country of the Aspidistra, and it was intro- duced from there in 1H-2-2. The variety with variegated leaves — which, when in good con- dition, is remarkably handsome — is almost as well known as the ordinary green-leaved form. In the " Kew Hand List " the specific names of elatior and lurida are given, but as generally met with in gardens the two are identical. A third species is also mentioned, viz.. Aspidistra typica, which was figured in the Botnniral Magazine, tab. 7484, July, 1896. From a foliage point of view it is not equal to the older kind, but is chiefly remarkable from the flowers being borne on particularly long pedicels, and being arranged in threes in.stead of fours as Aspi- distras usually are. H. P smooth surface, and he was exactly the same colour as the mould ; and, as he exactly fitted the cavity in which he squatted, and there was no .sign of the burrow by which he had entered, one might easily have taken him up in a trowelful of earth without noticing him. This peculiar faculty of the toad for burying himself without leaving a trace behind is due to his trick of burrowing backwards, as a crab does, his strong hind legs shovelling the earth for- wards until he is covered. An Indian Parallel. Even as I watched the toad he began to sink very slowly in the leaf-mould, with scarcely any perceptible movement, until he was quite out of sight under a thin layer of earth. After that, of course, it was only a matter for his own judgment how deep he should go for safety. Not a sign upon the surfacel would reveal his movement downwards, though the necessity for breathing would no doubt prevent ROUND ABOUT A GARDEN. " Toad in a Hole." If you poke about the corners of a garden you will soon understand how the stories of toads imprisoned in solid rock arise. You hardly ever find a toad in its chosen retreat without wondering how it managed to get in, and how it proposes to get out again ; and our ancestors enshrined this batrachian habit in the phrase " toad in a hole," as the name of a dish in which apiece of meat is baked inside a batter with no visible means of entrance or exit. I was reminded of this recently, when a box of young Celery plants was lifted from a mound of leaf-mould, on which it had been left for a day or two, and a large toad was revealed in the middle of the flat impression left by the box. His back was perfectly level with the FLOWERS OF ASPIDISTRA LURIDA [ him from going far. In Indii you may see earth frogs performing the same feat with almost uncanny skill, although it is not often that you catch a glimpse of the evasive creatures at large, because they come out and feed only at night, lying buried in the ground through all the hours of daylight. It so happened, however, that in the compound of our bungalow there was a tennis lawn fenced on the side next the flower-beds with wire netting, with a mesh just large enough to allow the passage of the frogs on ordinary occasions. When the rains come, however, everything which can absorb moisture and eat insects becomes suddenly absurdly fat, because there are countless swarms of insects and water everywhere. Then, rising with the dawn, you might observe a very curious spectacle on the margin of the tennis lawn. The Vanishing Trick. A large number of live tennis balls, as it .■^eenied, were kicking with two long legs to force themselves through the wire netting ; but if you looked on the other side of the netting you saw it fringed at the ground-level with the heads and fore legs of frogs, and the "tennis balls" on the other .side were their tight round bodies, too compactly crammed with insects to get through by the way they had come. It was a terrible time for them, because at dawn the crows and dogs and all sorts of predaceous creatures are on the prowl for the night's leavings; but the mali (a native gardener) was the deus ej- machma to help them out of their woe. Going down the line with a basket he unceremoniously hauled them all back and dropped them into the basket, which he then emptied— kerfiop !— on the nearest flower-bed. After an instant of wild struggling and heaving, all the frogs squatted separate and right side up, and then, as they sat there staring at you with great goggle eyes, they all sank into the ground. Their faces were the last things to disappear, and then the smooth brown earth lay over them without a sign to show that anything had disturbed its surface. As you gazed in wonder you could not help thinking how astonishingly little one knows of the things that go on around one every day. An Unwelcome Garden Guest. And an Indian garden is specially rich in zoological surprises. It was in the Punjab that the report one summer of wolves having been seen in the neighbourhood of the houses caused general concern and no small alarm among the natives on account of their children. The likely jungles in the immediate neighbourhood were drawn with mixed packs of dogs, but drawn blank ; yet still the wolves were heard or seen nightly. Beyond the far corner of our large compound was a bathing tank and shrine, where a religious fair was held once a year,_ and close to this the irrigation channel for the garden was carried between banks several feet high. The rich soil in this corner of the garden bore a tangle of flowering shrubs — scarlet Hibiscus and a perfect thicket of . Lantanas, orange, pink, and white, weaving them all together into an impenetrable mass. This was a favourite haunt of many scores of kinds of glorious butterflies by day and hiwk-moths at night ; and there I was standing one evening, butterfly -net in hand, when a rustle made me turn, and within a few feet of me on the water-channel bank I .saw, silhouetted against the sky for an instant a huge wolf._ Like a shadow it slipped noise- lessly from sight, and next morning, when do^s were brought to the spot, the lair was found under the thicket of flowering shrubs but neither of the wolves were at home. They had taken warning from our previous evening's meeting and were never seen again ; yet many times before they must have listened to my footsteps passing close to them and have heard 30 THE GARDEN. [July 11, 1903. the swish of the butterfly-net among the flowers overhead. Evasive Pakteidgses. In England wolves need not be looked for " round about a garden," but unsuspected wild beasts may lurk there, nevertheless. For many months the ducklings of a village had been disappearing before the removal of a plank at the edge of a five-foot stream which_ skirted a cottage garden revealed the opening to an otter's holt. Here he was trapped ; but the good wife was never afterwards able to stand with equanimity upon that plank to wash her dishes, lest another of the " fearsome beasts should be lurking under it again. But for evasiveness in a garden a covey of partridges are hard to beat. Two weeks ago a partridge that was sitting in one of the shrubberies— where there is a nest every year— brought off seventeen chicks from her eighteen eggs, and the whole family of nineteen seldom, if ever, leave the garden. In the early morning a glimpse has been caught of them on the croquet lawn, and the gardener has once come upon them among the Cabbages ; yet, though the garden is not large and some of the household move about it all day long, no other sign or sound of these nineteen birds has been observed. Invisible Rabbits. There is known to be a rabbit in the garden, too, because twice during the last six months it has been disturbed from a patch of Snap- dragons, but careful and repeated search with a terrier fails to reveal its hiding-place. But I have given up being surprised at what rabbits can achieve in the matter of invisibility. Last harvest two little baby rabbits were rescued from the "cutters" and placed in one of our small walled yards. When they were very young and foolish they were often seen to bolt into their little burrow when the door was opened. But by Christmas they had grown so wary that, although the yard is entered twenty times a day, and pigeons, doves, and ducklings are fed there, the rabbits have not been seen since, except one day recently, when we dug them out to make sure that both were alive and to ascertain whether they had children. They are both bucks, however; and there they seem likely to remain, regularly eating the food placed for them, but never once showing themselves, until they die of old age. And the invisible toads, rabbits, and partridges which a garden may contain are only a percentage of the zoological curiosities which everyone who takes over a piece of ground in the country has always upon his hands without knowing anything about them. E. K. R. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. THE FRUIT GARDEN. Strawberries in Pots. YOUNG plants intended for early forcing should be placed in their fruiting pots. Small pots 6 inches in diameter are quite large enough for the first batch, but for the general stock a larger size may be used with advantage. See that the fruiting pots are clean, dry, and well crocked, for much as the Strawberry enjoys a strong, rich soil, with plenty of moisture, it soon becomes unhealthy in a pot from which water cannot pass away freely. Pot the plants singly, with the crowns well above the soil, and place them on a hard surface in a light, airy situation. Avoid crowding the plants together or setting them near large trees, as it is important that the leaf-stalks be kept short and stout, and that good single crowns in preference to double ones be thoroughly ripened before the autumn. Give water which has been exposed to the atmosphere, and keep the beds of concrete or ashes on which the plants are placed well moistened. Remove all weeds and runners. Apply lime water if worms are present, and rearrange occasionally to give more room and prevent the plants rooting in the ground. With many growers it is the practice to avoid the use of small pots altogether by filling the fruiting pots up to within three-quarters of an inch of the rim and then pegging or weighting the runners tightly on the surface. The drawback to this plan is the establishment of a colony of worms during the time the pots are standing on the quarters and the time occupied in watering in dry weather. The plants, however, make excellent growth, which ripens well, and the check which follows shifting from 3-inch to fruiting pots is avoided. Peaches. When all the fruit has been taken from the early house go over the trees and remove shoots which have performed their functions and can now be spared with advantage to the young growths intended for next year's fruiting. Tie in and regulate the latter, allowing plenty of room for free development of foliage. Syringe regularly with pure water where the foliage is clean, and add soft soap or Gishurst Compound on dull evenings to keep it clear of spider. Keep the inside borders regularly supplied with water, and renovate the mulching where the trees show signs of weakness or exhaustion from heavy cropping, but carefully guard against forcing them into a vigorous growth when they should be going to rest. The ventilators may now be left open by night and day, and when the buds are plump the roof lights, if possible, may be taken off, painted, and stored away ready for use early in the autumn. Succession Peach Hocses. Peach trees in succession houses may now be given a higher temperature than would have been safe before the fruit commenced its last swelling. We prefer a temperature ranging from 60" at night to 15" by day, with plenty of air and full exposure by drawing the lights off when the weather is very fine after the end of June. Where good soft water can be obtained the trees may be syringed every morning until the fruit has attained its full size and shows signs of changing for ripening, but on no account should the afternoon syringing be performed when there is danger of the foliage remaining wet after nightfall. Madresfeld Court. William CRUMr. KITCHEN GARDEN. Carrots. Two distinct advantages are gained by sowing a good breadth of these at the present time ; firstly, the young tender roots come in for kitchen use when the main crop are becoming too large to be used economically ; and, secondly, the latter are not drawn upon whilst standing, but can be kept in reserve for winter use. Quite young Carrots of the Short Horn type are always much in request, and especially so in the autumn months. Select a partially shaded site for sowing this batch, and see that the ground is made firm and well watered the day before. Sow the seed thinly in shallow drills, and keep the bed sprinkled during dry weather to hasten germination. Thin out slightly when large enough, and encourage them to make quick growth by giving frequent waterings with clear water, and liquid manure applied alternately. Good varieties are Early Nantes and Carter's Favourite. SUALLOTS AND GaRLIC. Generally speaking these become fit for lifting together, and they are in most localities now suffi- ciently ripe, and should be lifted and allowed to dry for a few days before storing. Should the weather be unsettled the bulbs must be put in an airy, cold frame, where they will soon mature. Tomatoes Against Walls in the open are now growing rapidly, and close attention must be paid to nailing or tying up the leaders and pinching out all side shoots as fast as they appear ; this is always necessary, and particu- larly so this year, for undoubtedly the season will be a short one. The same remarks apply to those planted in open quarters and staked. Feed frequently those plants that are fruiting in pots or boxes, and change the stimulant occasionally. A few days after applying an r.pproved artificial manure the surface soil will be covered with white feeding roots, then is the time to apply a top- dressing of soil about an inch in thickness, I find! the following mixture to answer well, viz., two' parts loam, one of decayed manure, and one part made up of the following: bone-meal, mortar rubble, road grit, or river sand, a sprinkling of soot and Clay's Fertilizer, and some charred garden refuse. Incorporate well together and ram fairly firm. Winter Greens, If not already done the required number of plants of Brussels Sprouts, Ivale, Savoys, and Broccoli should be put out without delay, as the plants will not have suHicient time in which to become strong and hard for passing through the winter. In gardens having light soil it is hardly possible to put Broccoli into too hard a plot of ground. The best Broccoli I have grown here were inserted with an iron bar on a worn-out Strawberry-bed. They were well watered in at the time of planting and twice afterwards, they were then left to take care of themselves without further Attention beyond weeding. Sloneleiyh Abbey Gardens. H. T. Martin. INDOOR GARDEN. Probably the most useful Begonia for the early months of the year is B. Gloire de Sceaux, the young stock of which should by this time be potted up into 3-inch pots. I find that a compost of equal parts of loam and peat, together with coarse sand and charcoal, suits this plant better than one containing leaf-soil. Grow them in a warm pit or stove with plenty of moisture in the atmosphere, and give them slight shade during very bright weather. The small yellow thrip, so frequently alluded to, attacks this plant unless a sharp look- out is kept. Other winter - flowering subjects should be advanced as rapidly as is consistent with well built-up growth. Staking and tying must be attended to as growth progresses ; let the object be to keep the plants as near to their natural habit of growth as possible, and give sutiicieut room to any plants growing rather freely. BOCTVARDIAS planted in pits now growing freely should have the points of the strongest shoots pinched out to bring the plants into a more uniform habit of growth without the necessity of tying. Pot Roses should now be arranged on the ash border. Per- sonally I prefer to have them plunged in ashes, but where this plan is adopted the plants should be lifted once a fortnight to check any roots that may be growing through the holes of the pots, and if any be found trespassing in this way cut them off ; the quantity and also quality of the Roses produced are entirely dependent upon the roots. Any plants requiring a larger pot should be attended to at once, otherwise they will not become suffi- ciently rooted before the winter, resulting in soft, unripened wood producing but few flowers, and those of poor form and substance. One other condition to guard against is the plants becoming water-logged. Where this is found to occur the plants must be lifted or the ash border drained. Rooted cuttings of Gardenias may be potted up, three plants in a 5-inch pot. In this way they will become bushy and compact by spring, and flower freely if grown on in a hot pit and plunged in a good bottom-heat. Campanula pyramidalis when grown in pots and now approach- ing the flowering stage will be much benefited by copious applications of clear liquid manure water. If allowed to become dry at the root at this period this Campanula frequently loses its foliage, and, consequently, much of its attractiveness. The present is a good time to sow a batch of July H, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 31 MiGNOSETTK to follow the outdoor plants, also to select a few dozen pots from them to grow on for training as standard or pyramidal forms for the early summer of next year. Pots 5 inches or 6 inches in diameter are the most suitable. Fill thom with two-thirds loam, one-third leaf-soil, and one-eighth part of old mortar broken moderately fine, and place them in a cold frame until the seed.s germinate. Wendorn: J. Jaques. FLOWER GARDEN. Border Carnations. Time should now be found for mixing soil in readi- ness for layering these ; leaf-soil should be the principal ingredient, with a liberal dose of common sand and enough old JIushroom-bed manure to help retain the moisture. If the layers are to be lifted in October, and the ground on which the present stock is growing is of a light nature, I would strongly advise pressing the ground firmly down with the foot. Given this treatment it will be found that the young plants have a tendency to keep at home in the new soil in which they are layered instead of running deeply, as they are apt to do if the soil is loose. The surface rooting is a decided advantage when they come to be lifted. Pinks. Cuttings of these may be put in now as time will permit ; old frames or hand-lights will be found serviceable, as by their aid the young pipings can be shaded until they are on the move. It is almost impossible to have too many Pinks. Clumps and lines of them may be planted in many positions, and I would strongly advise all lovers of the Pink family to grow Mrs. Sinkins, Anne Boleyn, and Her Majesty in beds on a north border; by so doing they will prolong the flowering season. One rarely has too many Pinks ; they take up very little room, make a fine show, and are always useful to cut from. Pansies. Those who have never witnessed the display that can be produced by planting in beds or in masses the old-fashioned Cliveden Blue, Purple, White, and Yellow can form very little conception of it ; and I am not certain that any other plants could be named that will produce such an amount of bloom at any season as these Pansies, in April and May particularly. If the plants were carefully lifted at the end of May or early in June from the flower garden and laid in rich soil in a shady place, having had all the more exhausted parts cut away and being kept watered to enable thera to recruit their energies, they can now be]] divided into as many pieces as can be had with roots, and planted deeper than they were before in free rich soil. They are fond of well-rotted, hot-bed manure, and it should be used freely if fine, health}' plants are to be bad. Planted thus and kept watered in a shaded situation they form plenty of fine healthy cuttings by the month of August, which root freely under hand-glasses in sandy soil ; but those who have not even a hand-glass can root them behind a north wall, where the sun does not reach them. Aquilecias. These are elegant plants and profuse bloomers, too rarely seen, although easily raised from seed. The long-spurred varieties are of great beauty and utility and good for cutting. Seed should be sown now in bo.xes of light soil placed in a cold frame. Sow very thinly, and when the seedlings are of a fair size transplant them to ♦be place they are intended to grow in. A moderately warm, dry soil suits them best. T. B. Field. Ashicetlthorpe Hall Gardens, Norwich. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. The work among these will now be full of interest, though not at all times of the most pleasant character, for there is yet much to contend with before the flowers are perfected, more especially when one intends entering into friendly competi- tion on any given date. The heavy rainfall experienced in many parts of the country kept newly-potted plants in a very soddened condition for some days, and unless means were taken to ward off some of it many of the weaker plants will have suflered considerably. We have registered here for June nearly 0 inches, but fortunately our plants had been potted rather earlier than usual, and were, therefore, better prepared to receive it than if this had just been performed. The advantage of thorough drainage will have proved its value, especially during such a season as the present, though at all times it is unquestionably most important, so also is the arranging of the pots on boards rather than on ashes. During spells of very wet weather it is a capital plan to raise the pots on two short pieces of lath, thus allowing the water to pass away freely. Feeding. By the time these lines are in print the plants will have used up most of the manure placed in with the soil, and will need further stimulating. Some are content to wait till the bud is formed before resorting to manure, but in my opinion this is certainly a wrong method. At the same time during the bud formation feeding should be very cautiously done, which will mean in about a month or six weeks' time. No plant enjoys a change of food more than the Chrysanthemum, and few things in the way of manure, providing they are judiciously used, will come amiss to them. Good Peruvian Guano when it can be procured is certainly one of the best, but requires to be used with caution. Farmyard liquid manure, when it can be relied on to contain nothing injurious, well diluted is also excellent, but the safest and one of the best methods is to mix up fresh horse and cow manure in equal propotions in a large vessel. Add a bag of soot to it and replenish when exhausted. Good patent manures are best applied during showery weather. The surface soil should be stirred up often but not sutHciently deep to injure the young feeding roots on the top. Many of the varieties are now forming what is known as the -July bud, and these should be removed as quickly as possible. Three shoots will generally break away. These should all be retained for a short time, finally selecting the strongest and best and removing the other two, where three growths have been already made, thus securing three flowers to each plant. The leaf miner has been most troublesome this year. It has inflicted considerable damage upon the under foliage, where the leaves are badly disfigured. These should be removed and the others carefully looked over, removing the maggot with a pointed stick. After this date this will probably cause little further trouble. Watch closely for earwigs, and trap and destroy them. E. Beckett. Aldenham House Gardens, Elsfree. >VATER LILIES. The cultivation of beautiful and highly coloured Water Lilies is no new thing in England, as many suppose. They were mag- nificently grown at Chatsvvorth in Sir Joseph Paxton's time, forty or fifty years ago, and are so still. The great Victoria Regia and Water Lily house there, by its light construction and the means of providing moderate heat in the atmosphere and water, is an ideal home in which to grow these plants, and with due deference to the merits of the hardy hybrids introduced of late years, I have no hesitation in saying that for stateliness of growth, brilliancy of colour, <|Uality of flower, and sweet scent they are not to be compared with those well grown under glass. I mention this only in order to place the fact before your younger readers that these beautiful flowers have been grown in many English gardens for a long time before the hardy hybrids were introduced from France and America. In those days they could only be enjoyed by the few on account of the expense incurred in their culture under glass. Now, thanks to the enterprise of our American and French hybridists, they may be had by all who possess a garden, or even a sunny back yard large enough to hold a tub of water. As the culture of Water Lilies becomes better understood, and the price of the best varieties decreases, their cultivation in every garden and park will be the rule. The most common way of growing these Lilies up to the present seems to be in tanks and tubs. 1 must say that they are not seen to the best advantage when grown under such conditions. They are too much restricted, and are far more attractive when growing in tanks and ornamental waters. Four years ago I had the privilege of planting NYMPH^A GLORIOSA IK A POOL. 32 THE GARDEN. [July II. 1903. a number in the large lake at Frogmore House, Royal Gardens. Some were planted at a depth of 2i feet or more (I mention this as many are under the impression they will not succeed when planted so deep) ; to each plant a small cart-load of turfy loam and manure in equal proportions was given. The plants were tirst planted in shallow wicker baskets in the same material, and sunk securely in the heap of soil. They have succeeded remarkably well, and under those conditions seem to grow as freely or more so than the common white one. They delight in rich soil, and the strong growing varieties should be lifted and divided every three or four years, the divided plant often making from eight to a dozen jilants for replanting. In this way a large surface of water may be covered in a comparatively short time by these beautiful flowers. From the middle to the end of April is the best time for dividing and replanting. Varieties. Among the bright crimsons and reds, for robustness ot growth, size of flower, free flowering, and rich colour I would place Gloriosa (shown in the accompanying_ illustra- tion) in the first position ; Carnea is also a vigorous grower, very free flowering, light pink in colour, and deliciously sweet ; Ellisiana also grows well, flowers freely, and is one of the most handsome, a brilliant red in colour, with bright orange stamens ; Falconerii, intense crimson in colour, leaves and flowers of medium size, which, however, are freely produced ; Laydekerii rosea, as its name implies, is a light-coloured variety of pleasing tints of rose, pink, and flesh colour ; Robin- soniana, dark rose, of moderate growth, and very floriferous ; Marliacea ignea, intense crimson in colour, one of the most efl'ective as regards colouring, flowers of medium size, and growth moderate. Among the yellows Chromatella is one of the very best, the colour pale canary yellow. It is a strong grower, almost a perpetual bloomer, flowers of immense size, often 8 inches in diameter. They are produced on strong stalks well above the water. Helveola is of medium growth, flowers rather small, canary yellow in colour, and richly perfumed ; Flava, a pretty yellow, of moderate growth, and very free. Of the whites Marliacea albida is perhaps the best, flowers of noble size, the colour pure white, and requires plenty of space, as it is a vigorous grower ; Odorata, one of the hand- somest of the whites, is deliciously scented, the tips of the petals tinted with pink ; Pygtnea is a little gem, miniature in growth and size of flower, colour of the purest white, and suit- able for growing in tubs. Unfortunately, so far we have no blue hardy Water Lilies. Let us hope that before long a hardy stellata or zanzibarensis may be forthcoming. Those who wish to enjoy the feast of colour that Water Lilies are capable of giving should visit them in the morning or midday. They are not seen to advantage in the afternoon and evening. Owen Thomas. HeUehorus Hindus. — Native of Majorca. This plant was figured in the Botankal Magazine so far back as 1789, but so inaccurately that it is now considered necessary to give a correct portrait, together with its full synonymy and its native country, which was unknown when the first figure was published. Iris lupina. — Native of Armenia. This is one of the Oncocyclus or Cushion section of the family, and is known to the natives as Wolf's Ear, which accounts for the name given to it by Professor Sir Michael Foster, who first introduced it to cultiva- tion. It is nearly allied to the old and well-known I. susiana, figured on t. 91 of the Botanical Magazine. Huernia concimia (syn. H. macrocarpa). — Native of Somaliland. This small-flowered stapeliaceous plant is of only botanical interest. Calo/liamnus rupestris. — Native of Western Australia. This is one of twenty-two species of a family of curious and more or less handsome flowering shrubs, all of them natives of South- western Australia. The flowers have no petals, but consist ot a number of brilliantly-coloured stamens issuing from a furcate, greenish white caly.x, which retain their beauty for quite three weeks. The specimen figured was flowered in the Cambridge Botanic Gardens and sent to Kew by Mr. Lynch, the curator. The first number of the Paris Revue Horticole for July figures Protea Mellifera. — A native of the Cape and of Australia, where it is known as the Honey Flower or Sugar Bush, from the abundance of sweet nectar afforded by its large and handsome flowers. The July number of the Berue de l' Horticnlture Bulge figures two well known but beautiful green- house shrubs from New Holland, under their old name of (ienetyllis fusioides and tulipifera. They are also known under the name of Hederoma and Darwinia. W. E. Gombleton. RECENT PLANT PORTRAITS. The Botanical Magazine for July contains por- traits of Senecio clivornm. — A native of China and Japan. This is also known under the synonym of Ligularia clivorum. It is certainly one of the handsomest of all the herbaceous species of the genus, producing bunches of large orange flowers on tall stems. It will form a conspicuous ornament of the wild garden, and is specially suited for the brinks of ponds and other moist places. M NURSERY^^ARDENS. ROSES AT CHESHUNT ESSRS. PAUL AND SON'S beau tiful display of Roses at the Holland House show, combined with a cordial invitation from the head of the firm, Mr. George Paul, to " come and see them growing," were the inducements held out to me to pay a visit to the Old Nurseries on the 27th ult. Of course, it was too early to see in bloom the majority of the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, which had lieen severely checked by the cold and inclement weather of the previous fortnight, although here and there .some of the earlier varieties had a few flowers expanded. Many of the so- called garden Roses were, however, magnificent, and alone amply rewarded me for my visit. Pride of place must be given to Rosa eugosa eepens alba, which, it is worthily claimed, is, so far, the finest garden Rose introduced this century. Words fail me in attempting to describe the exceeding beauty of this variety at Cheshunt. The original plant was measured by Mr. G. Paul in my presence, and was found to cover a space of no less than 160 square feet, and when 1 go on to say that it is simply the white rugosa with the habit of Rosa wichuraiana, and that it bore thousands of stellate flowers and had many thousands of buds to follow, some slight conception can be formed of this truly magnificent novelty. My advice to any rosarians who are in the neighbourhood of London is to go and see this fine plant for themselves, when they will find that I have in no way exaggerated. Mr. Paul told me that it originated in a batch of rugosa .seedlings, and, although it is almost impossible to trace any wichuraiana blood in it, I learn that Mr. Baker considers it must have originated through a chance cross with the latter species. The jilant forms a perfect thicket, some of the growths being pendent and some prostrate, while it rivals R. wichuraiana in its scrambling habit. As a standard it is still more remark- able, and is, I think, seen even to greater advantage, because the graceful and floriferous shoots droop down to the ground, where they will .soon layer themselves if allowed to do so. The long rows of standards of this variety were all in bloom at the time of my visit, and were, indeed, a sight to behold. I have never seen more beautiful weeping standards, even among the new wichuraiana varieties. Of course, - these latter were well represented, and where all are good it is really invidious to select. However, my choice falls on i Rene Andre and Alberic Barbiee ^ as being the best varieties with which I have made acquaintance so far. What a wealth of treatment these Roses lend themselves to ! We may use them for tumbling over a sunk fence, draping a bank, festooning a low terrace wall, or falling over the surface of a large rock; indeed, there is scarcely any limit to the uses to which we may put them. In this garden we are using them as a carpet to shrubs, and Mr. Milburn has planted them over some huge blocks of weathered oolite stone in the Bath Botanic Garden. At Cheshunt Rene Andre, planted on a raised mound, was superb with its bright orange-red Ijlossoms, and it is a great gain that these Roses should be so early flowering. Alberic Barbier is just the variety to plant with the last-named, as its creamy yellow flowers and deep yellow buds form a happy contrast. The walls of Roses prove one of the most conspicuous features at Cheshunt, and some of them were just at their best, particularly Una, The Wallflower (most aptly named, in that it blooms from the top to the bottom of its shoots and makes a perfect wall of rosy crimson flower.s). The Lion, Carmine Pillar, and Leuchstern. A group of the Bour- bon Purity, in spite of the fact that it was one of those which was badly cut by the frost, was covered with fresh white blossoms, and a bed of Royal Scarlet, the brilliant crimson single Hybrid Perpetual, displayed how efiec- tive this variety is for bedding. Lady Batteesea has already attained great popularity — indeed the demand for this variety exceeds the supply — and if planted rather thickly makes a splen- did bed. The blooms are produced on such long stalks that the size of the plants is con- siderably diminished when they are cut the full length, and one only wishes that it possessed a somewhat stronger habit of growth. Unfortunately, it does not form a good stan- dard. Undoubtedly the Rose for this latter purpose is Frau Karl Deuschki. Its bold, vigorous shoots soon form a splendid head, and Mr. Paul is justly loud in its praises. Another variety which makes a standard of remarkable beauty is Tea Rambler. I did not care for the forced examples of this Rose exhi- bited at the Temple show, but it is splendid as I saw it in the open. A long row of two year old standards were literally beset with the coppery salmon-pink blossoms, which will please the most fastidious. They are very fragrant, of pretty shape, and have the merit of remaining long in bloom. Although the foliage is Tea-like, the plants appeared to be very hardy, and had scarcely sufl'ered in the least from the past trying winter and spring. Fran(^'ois Crousse is another variety which July 11, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 33 makes an excellent standard. Only a very few I of its flowers were expanded, so that I was not well able to judge as to its merits, but in colouring it is not as good as Noella Nabon- nand. I was exceedingly pleased with the new Dijon Tea, England's Glory, and it is likely to become very popular in the near future, as it is very free and should prove hardy. Needless to say, large beds of seedlings of all kinds are on trial, as well as new varieties from home and continental raisers. Five new varieties with which Mr. Paul is especially pleased are H.P. Ben Cant, H.T. Lady Moyra Beauclerc (lake and silvery pink, very lasting). H.T. M. Lede (bright rose, with yellow base), H.T. Franz Deegen (a yellow Caroline Testout), and H.T. Mme. Edm6e Metz (salmon-pink, mildew-proof, rather like Mrs. Edward Mawley). Space will not allow me to describe a tithe of what I saw, and I have therefore only jotted M. v. Leopoldii. — Very distinct, the flowers deep rose, the lip having a large deep maroon blotch at the base. M. V. leucoglosna. — Sepals and petals pale rose, lip pure white. M. r. nuperba. — This has dark rose-pink sepals and petals, the lower sepal streaked with red- purple near the base, lip large, carmine-rose, with a triangular purplish red blotch, banded with white at the base. M. V. sanderiaiia. — The flowers of this are large, sepals rose, shading to white, the lateral two having crimson dotted lines near the base, the petals and lip rose, the latter having a blood-red blotch at the base. M. i\ memoria O. D. Owen. — A splendid form, flowers large and richly coloured, petals and upper sepal bright rose, lower sepals rose, with a broad bar of crimson-purple on their lower halves, lip rose, with a dark crimson-purple disc. M. V. chdsiensis. — Very distinct. The flowers of medium size, sepals and petals rose, the two lower ones lined with purple at the base, the lip is rose, with'large purple blotch at the base, with radiating the plant then being transferred to a 5-inch pot, and thus developed two bulbs in 1902, one of them pro- ducing two young growths. The other one, and this the present season, 1903, developed three large bulbs, each producing three spikes, bearing in all forty-three blooms. Now that the majority of plants have passed out of bloom they should be placed at the coolest end of the cool intermediate house (some growers place them in the cool house during summer). When this is done they should be put at the warmest and cosiest end, the ventilators not opened so as to cause draughts, and given sutEcient water only to keep them plump and healthy until the young growths are well on the move. It is then necessary to repot, or it may be left until a later period when the young growths have further advanced and new roots issue from the base. The subject of the accompanying illustration was grown in peat moss and leaf-soil in equal parts, the whole being well mixed together. This Miltonia also grows well entirely in leaf-soil (if proper discretion is used in watering the plants), with one crock over the bottom of the pot. Fern roots laid to the depth of about an inch, and over these a thin layer of sphagnum moss. The leaf-soil should be pressed moderately firm, work- ing in a few crocks among it, and finishing off with a layer of fresh sphagnum moss. A temperature of 60* by night and (i.j'^ to 70" by day throughout the year will grow Miltonia vexillaria and its varieties well. F. W. Thorgood. KITCHEN GARDEN. miltonia vexillaria VAR. KAISERIN AUGUSTA IN THE GARDENS OF ROSSLYN, STAMFORD HILL, N. down a few impressions of my visit to this home and birthplace of the queen of flowers. Worcestershire. Arthoe E. Goodwin. ORCHIDS. MILTONIA AND ITS VEXILLARIA VARIETIES. FEW Orchids are more beautiful or more showy than Miltonia vexillaria and its numerous varieties. Many of the latter are very distinct and even showier than the species. The following are some of the most distinct: M. r. alha is, as its name indicates, pure white, with the exception of a faint rose tinge at the base of the sepals and petals. M. v. Queen Alexandra has extraordinary large white flowers, the base of the segments very faintly tinged with rose. M. V. cohhiana. — The sepals and petals are rose - pink, margined with white, lip large and pure white. lines, dotted with purple and margined with white. M. V. gigantea. — The flowers are very large, deep rich rose throughout, disc of the lip rather bright yellow. The typical Miltonia vexillaria is not merely beautiful, but also most useful. It is a fine Orchid for exhibition, and suitable for cutting and arranging in vases or other decorative purposes. I have seen many dining-room tables magnificently decorated principally with this lovely flower. It is one of the freest to bloom, one of the easiest to grow, and never requires a [high temperature, thus making it a most suitable Orchid for amateurs. The accompanying illustration represents a variety known as Kaiserin Augusta, a handsome form, the sepals and petals of which are deep rose, the two lower sepals being lined with purple at their base. The lip is large, deep rose with alarge purple blotch at base, and margined with white. The illustra- tion fully represents the remarkable way the plant increases when grown under suitable conditions. When bought, in a 3-inch pot, in July, 1901, it had two small bulbs with one lead. When I growth commenced a double break was produced, TOMATO CULTURE UNDER GLASS WITHOUT FIRE HEAT. k CRES of glass are devoted to /% Tomato culture, with no arti- / % ficial heat, in the islands of L ]m Guernsey and Jersey, but the y ^ conditions there are more favourable than is the case in Britain. Still, this system is carried out on a large scale in many of the suburbs of London. I have visited one where twenty houses, covering ten acres of land, 'were utilised by Tomatoes. Each house covers half an acre of land, ten of them are heated with hot water, and ten not heated at all. Both the heated and unheated houses produce two crops a year ; the heated ones producing two crops of Tomatoes, and the unheated ones a crop of Tomatoes and one of Cabbages. It will be news to many of my readers, I have no doubt, to hear that Cabbages are grown under glass by the acre in England. The system of culture of the grower in question is as follows : — Early in October the cool houses are planted with Cabbages raised from seed sown the first week in the previous August, the land being manured and dug in the ordinary way. Little or no attention is necessary until cutting commences early in April, continuing until May, when all the crop has been disposed of. When we come to consider and realise the demand for, and the importance of a good supply of tender Cabbage so early in the year, we cannot wonder that the plebeian Cabbage is thus grown. Immediately the Cabbages are disposed of, trenches are dug out 4 feet apart and 18 inches wide, into which some new soil and a moderate dressing of manure are placed, digging all together some time before planting. A double row of plants, at 10 inches apart, is planted in this trench. When the plants have established themselves and are well furnished with fruit, the ridge between the trenches may be levelled into these as a top- dressing for the plants. Heavy crops of fruit are secured in this way at comparatively small cost — ■ watering, collecting, and marketing the fruit being the chief items of labour. In December the 34 THE GARDEN. [July 11, 1903. Tomatoes will be almost over, and it will be time again to plant the Cabbages. The reason for adopting the plan of growing in trenches is that deep digging and a change of soil for the crop are thereby assured ; the ground that forms the trenches one year will form the ridges next, and so on. The stronger the plants when planted out at the end of April and early in May the better will be the result. Seeds are sown the last week in January. Comet is the only variety grown at the establishment in question. The method adopted in the ten houses, which were heated, covering 5 acres, is different. Here all the plants are grown in pots, the first fruits ripening from April until June. The pots are then filled with other strong young plants, and they in their turn will yield heavy and remunerative crops until late in the autumn or early winter, when it is no longer remunerative to grow English Tomatoes by virtue of the heavy importations of fruit supplied from abroad at a cheap rate. The seed for the earliest crop is sown the last week in October, the plants are grown during the winter in oinch or (j-inch pots, and potted into their fruiting pots (12-inch) about the middle of February. The seeds for supplying the second lot of plants, planted at the end of June, should be sown the first week in April. All are grown on the single-stem system, the stems being stopped when 4 feet high. The reason for this is that the best fruit is formed on this part of the stem. When the same crop follows continuously upon a limited area of land it is not surprising that growers are, before long, confronted with land sickness, and as a consequence the plants show diminished vitality, are liable to disease, and con- sequently unremunerative ; then we see the advan- tage of the pot system of culture, where fresh soil can be given to each plant. Two heavy crops during the summer can also be had from pot plants, and this cannot be easily accomplished under the planting-out system. An abundance of water is most essential to successful Tomato culture under glass, and therefore an ample Buppl}' must be secured. One economical method is to build a tank at the lower end of the block of houses into which all the rain which falls on the roofs may drain. A tower will have to be built (on which to fix the tank), high enough to give the necessary pressure for expeditious watering. A pump worked by hand, or by what- ever power decided on (this will depend on the size of the establishment), would have to be fixed for pumping the water to the top of the tower. It need scarcely be said how much better in every way, and how much more conducive to the success of garden crops of all sorts, is rain than spring water. Therefore, means should be provided to save all that falls upon the roofs. When this supply is inadequate, and no other source avail- able, a well must be sunk. A. P. H. SOCIETIES. NORFOLK AND NORWICH KOSE SHOW. THIS annual fixture, held in the grounds of Carrow House and Carrow Abbey, by permission of the Misses Colnian and Professor J. 8tuart on the ^nd inst., was a decided success. The weather was all that could be desired for such an event. Four large tents were rei|Uisitioned fur staging the exhibits, and these were well filled. The Rose classes were in many cases not so good as one could have wished, but, taken collectively, the blooms were much better than those staged the previous year. The Colchester growers— Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, D. Prior and Son, and F. Cant and Co.— secured all the prizes in the order named in the chief open classes. The Rev A Foster-Melliar of Sproughton, the Rev. A. L. Fellowes of Shotesham, and the Rev. John Fellowes of Runwell main- tained the reputation of the clergy as lovers of Rose culture and successful exhibitors. The Rev. Foster-Melliar came out well as a prize winner, and likewise secured the National Rose Society's medal for the best bloom other than a Tea with a fine bloom of the new Lady Moyra Beauclerc. Mr Reginald Steward of Saxlingham was the fortunate medal winner for the best Tea with a good bloom of Mrs. Edward Mawley. Miss Penrice of Wilton House again secured the silver challenge cup for the best twenty-four distinct varieties grown in Norfolk. Good stands which secured prizes in other classes were set up by Mrs. H. S. Pattesou (Cringle- ford), Colonel Rous (Worstead), Major Dauby, and Messrs I, C. Blofeld and B. E. Fletcher. Miscellaneous cut flowers made the boldest display of all, and the herbaceous flowers were in grand condition. The premier stand in this section was a collection of forty-eight bunches, staged by Air. George Davison, gardener at West- wick House. The massive bunches were grandly arranged, and the freshness of the blooms was much commented upon by the spectators. The same exhibitor was also ftrst for twelve bunches of flowering shrubs. Mr. P. Wright, gardener to W. J. Birkbeck, Esq., Stratton, Strawless, was also a winner in the herbaceous section, and a dozen bunches of the clear-eyed Sweet Williams, from the same grower, were admired by the old-time florists. The scholars at Crooks Place Board School, Norwich, who have a portion of the public park, which, under the able guidance of that enthu- siastic gardener and botanist, Mr. Edward Peake, grow many charming blooms, had made an effective display. Another rather unique exhibit, labelled "Not for com- petition," was a miniature rock garden of British native plants of low growth made by Mr. H. Dobbie, Pinebanks, Thorpe. Mr. Dobbie is a keen follower of native botany and plants, and his Orchis, Grasses, and Mosses, all locally gr(twn, were most interesting. Pot plants filled another tent, and some grand Ferns and Coleus, staged by Mr. W. Rush, gardener to F. P. Hinde, Esq., Thorpe, were worthy of comment. Fuchsias, Begonias, Pelargoniums, Coleus, and Caladiums came from the gardens of Colonel Rous, Dr. Osburne, E. G. Buxton, Esq., T. Chaplin, Esq., T. Glover, Esq., H. Skelton, Esq., and W. J. Birkbeck, Esq. In the fruit section, Mr. W. Allan, Gunton Park, was first for a collection of fruit, first in all four classes for Grapes, first for Melons, and first for Peaches. Mr. P. Wright, gardener to W. J. Birkbeck, Esq., was first for Strawberries and Nectarines. Mr. T. Glover, gardener to Mr. Craddock, was also a winner for Grapes. Mr. Fitch, Dunston Hall Gardens, was also a meritorious exhibitor in this section as well as flowers. Vegetables were not quite up to the standard, though fairly good Peas, Cauliflowers, Cucumbers, and Lettuces were staged, some of the most notable prize witiners here being Colonel Rous, G. F. Buxton, Esq., Mrs. Lubbock, Major Petre, F. P. Hinde, Esq., F. Martin, Esq., and Mr. F. Carrington. Messrs. Daniels Brothers, Limited, Norwich, put up a charming bank of flowering and foliage plants, containing new and choice specimens of Heliotropes, Hydrangeas, Crassulas, Palms, Ferns, &c. Hobbies, Limited, Dereham, made one of their pretty ilisplays. In the centre of their stand they had formed an arch of Dorothy Perkins Rambler Rose, surrounded at the base by the newest H.T.'s There were also Sweet Peas, Pelargoniums, and other amateurs' flowers iti profusion. The receipts for admission reached £155 33., over £50 in advance of last year. PORTSMOUTH. On the Clarence Pier, Southsea, the Portsmouth Rose show was held on the Ist inst. under favourable circumstances, and was successful in every respect. If Roses were not numerous Ihey weie good in quality. The principal class was that for forty-eight distinct single blooms. Three competed for the substantial prizes offered. Messrs. D. Prior and Sons, Colchester, won the coveted award somewhat easily. Bessie Brown, La France, Margaret Dickson, Gustave Piganeau, Mme. G. Luizet, Maman Cochet, and Marquise Litta were the best. Mr. G. Mount, Canter- bury, was second with smaller yet richly-coloured blooms. Messrs. Rogers and Son, Southampton, were third. For twenty-four trebles, distinct, Messrs. Prior again won with an even set of blooms. Especially good were A. K, Williams, Caroline Testout, Mrs. John Laing, Marquise Litta, Helen Keller, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Ulrich Brunner, Antoiue Rivoire, and Souv. d'un Ami. Mr. Mount was second. For twelve Teas, distinct, Messrs. Prior were unapproach- able, so even and good in quality were their blooms, particularly Devoniensis, Edith Gifford, Souv. d'Elise Vardon, Medea, The Bride, and White Maman Cochet. Mr. Mount was second, and Messrs. Rogers were third. For twelve H.P.'s, dark, Messrs. Prior again won, staging A. K. Williams and Prince Arthur in capital form. For twelve H.P.'s, light, Messrs. Prior also won with extremely fine blooms of Mrs. J. Laing and Marchioness of Downshire. For twelve Teas or Noisettes, Messrs. Prior could not be beaten, so superior were their blooms of Mrs- E. Mawley, Ernest Metz, The Bride, and White Maman Cochet. Mr. Prisnall, gardener to Mrs. Cecil, Ryde, was second in the last-named class with creditable flowers. Garden Roses were grandly staged by Mr. G. Ellwood, gardener to W. H. Myers, Esq., M.P., Swanmore Park, Bishop's Waltham, in the class for eighteen bunches distinct. The names were Papa Gontier, Mme EugOne Resal, Leuch- stern, Mme. Plantier, Gustave Regis, Common China. Gloire de Mousseuses, Cheshunt Scarlet, Fellenberg, Felicit* Per- petue, Moschata alba, Gloire des Polyauthas, Walltlower, Queen Alexandra, Psyche, Euphrusyne, and General Butriel. Mr. Druce, gardener to J. R. Winthorpe, Esq., Ryde, was a good second, staging Macrantha extremely fine. Hardy cut flowers were grand. Six competed for twelve bunches, distinct. Mr. Leek, Burstead, Isle of Wight, was first, Mr. Ellwood second, and Mr. Prince third. Bouquets were beautifully displayed by Mr. E. Wills, florist, South- ampton, who won for both ball and bridal bouquets. READING ROSE SOCIETY. We hope that this newly formed society has begun a pros- perous career. Its flrst show, in spite of the weather of the preceding few weeks, was a very interesting and pretty one, and the sunshine brought together a large company. We congratulate the hon. secretary and treasurer, Mr. W. L. Walker, upon the success of his endeavours. The judges were : Open classes, Mr.Dickson,Newtownards, County Down, and Mr. Prince, Longworth, Berks ; amateur class, the Rev. F. Page-Roberts, Stratfleldsaye Rectory, and Mr. Colin I Romaine, The Priory, Old Windsor ; decorative classes, Mrs. Murray, Perival, Ryde, Isle of Wight, and Miss Woodward. In the local classes the exhibits were good throughout, some of them being very fine. Mr. R. C. Mount of Lakefont secured flrst place in the local amateurs class, with a beauti- ful lot of blooms, including Claire Jacquier, Turner's Crimson Rambler, the old Aim6e Vibert, Felicity Perpetue, and Reine Marie Henriette. Mr. Dunlop of Maisonette, Earley, was a splendid second, the former exhibit being a little more artistically arranged. In the open class for nurserymen, Messrs. Alexander Dickson and Son gained the blue ribbon with some lovely blooms, among which were Mildred Grant, Bessie Brown, Caroline Testout, Mrs. W. J. Grant, and Souvenir de President Carnot. The Rev. F. Page-Roberts of Stratfleldsaye Rectory was awarded first honours for the best Rose in the local classes with Comtesse de Nadaillao. Mr. T. Rigg of Caversham was a very successful exhibitor. With four entries he carried oft four firsts and two medals. In Class 3 (open to all), for twelve single trusses, any one variety, the judges had no hesitation in placing him first. Bessie Brown, one of his flowers in this class, also gained the National Rose Society's medal for the best bloom in the show. In Classes 0, 7, and 8 Mr. Rigg also distinguished himself, carrying off highest honours with equally beautiful blooms. Mr. W. Conway Jones was first in the amateur class (open) for twenty-four distinct single trusses, and so won the cup given by Mrs. G. W. Palmer. His was a very creditable display, comprising the leading varieties. The button-holes were a fair feature, but a little more artistic taste might be displayed in this direction. The baskets and vases of flowers were attractive ; this is a branch which should be encouraged. Flowers so arranged look far better than those displayed on boards. Among the honorary exhibits must be mentioned that of Mr. Edward Hudson, The Deanery Garden, Sonning, of garden Roses, arranged in "Munstead" bowls and glasses. The variety Killarney was very beautiful. Messrs. Cutbush and Sons' display of Carnations, Marguerites, Verbenas, Palms, Ac, was also a special feature in one of the tents. Mr. Robert Sydenham of Birmingham also had a splendid exhibit of Carnations most tastefully arranged. During the afternoon Mrs. Benyon (the president) dis- tributed the cups, and on the proposition of the Rev. Alan Cheales, seconded by Mr. Strange, was accorded a hearty vote of thanks. RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. This society held its twenty-ninth exhibition in the Old Deer Paik on the 1st inst., and, favoured with glorious weather, it is not surprising that the show, from the horti- cultural point of view at least, was an unqualified success. The management of the exhibition was in the capable hands of Mr. C. R. King, the honorary secretary, and a capital and practical working committee, which left nothing to be desired. Forty-eight Roses, distinct, three blooms of each, for which the Gunnersbury Park Challenge Cup, with £6 in money, was the ftrst prize. This was secured by Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester, with a fine lot of blooms, the best being Ulrich Brunner, Ellen Willmott, Margaret Dickson, Killarney, Medea, Gustave Piganeau, Bessie Brown, and others. The second prize was secured by Messrs. D. Prior, also of Colchester. Messrs. F'rank Cant and Co., Braiswick Hose Gardens, Colchester, took the third place. In the class for twenty-four varieties, three blooms of each, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. took the leading place, having notable blooms of Souv. de Pierre Notting, Souv. de President Carnot, Mrs. Grant, and Cleopatra. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. also secured the leading place for twelve varieties, three blooms of each, some of the best flowers including Tennyson, Mildred Grant, and Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. For twelve blooms of one variety only, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. came first with Frau Karl Druschki in capital form, the second prize being awarded to Messrs. D. Prior and Sons, Colchester, who had fine blooms of Mme. Gabriel Luizet. For twelve Tea Roses of one variety Messrs. D. Prior and Sons and Frank Cant and Co., both of Colchester, took first and second places respectively, each firm staging Souvenir de S. A. Prince in capital form. In the amateur class for twenty-four Roses, distinct, Mr. W. C. Romaine, Old Windsor, was placed first, having Margaret Dickson, Gustave Piganeau, and Bessie Brown very good. The same exhibitor also secured first piize in the class for twelve blooms distinct. A splendid group of cut blooms of Malmaison Carnations came from Mr. J. P. Morgan, Dover House, Koehamptou (gardener, Mr. McLeod). The varieties were Old Blush, Princess of Wales, and the rich crimson kind, Mrs. H. J. Jones. The yellow Cecilia was also staged, the entire group attracting much attention throughout the day. Of exhibits of the amateur class we were strongly impressed with that of the Rev. A. W. Owen, Old Palace, Richmond, who showed Lilium auratum in pots as flue as we have ever seen it. Hardy flowers in the amateur classes were flnely shown by the Earl of Dysart, Petersham, and by Mrs. H. L. Warde, Petersham House, and took first and second prizes respec- tively. The class was for twenty-four bunches of hardy herbaceous things, bulbous plants being admissible. The usual seasonable flowers were well shown, and in sensible bunches. Hardy flowers were extensively staged by Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited, Feltham, wlio had masses of Campanula Moerhein>i (pure white). Delphiniums, Oriental and other Poppies, Water Lilies, Ixias, &c. In another group the same firm staged an admirable lot of Roses in small pots. In the classes for vegetables, usually a strong one at Richmond, little competition was offered to Lord Aldenham, Jur.Y 11, 1903. J THE GARDEN. 35 Elstree (cardener, ifr. E. Beckett), who took the first prize for ft collection of vegetables both in the open class and in that for the best display of vecetables, nine distinct kindi, offced by Messrs. Carter and Co., Hich Holborn. The croup of Orchids from Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, contained excellent examples of Cattleyas, Masdevallia, Odontoglosaum crispura, and others, with Beeonias of the Rex section as a very suitable margin. For a collection of frnit, not less than nine dishes, the first prize is Lady Max Waechter's Challenge Cup and £3 10s. in money, was taken by Earl Dysart, Ham House. For Black Grapes, .Sir F. Swinfen Eady, Weybridge (Mr. J. Locke, gardener), was first, the same exhibitor taking the lead in White Grapes. The same exhibitor also took the leading place for Peaches and Nectarines. Mr. C. Fordhara, Twickenham, had a very fine group arranged in the grass for effect. Mr. .T. Russell. Richmond, had a large exhibit of Crotons, Alocacias, Aralias, Dracicnas, Palms, Lxoras, and such-like things iu profusion, occupying a large space. In the open the same firm showed a most complete arrangement of the Tree Ivy, green and variegated, silver and gold in great variety. Mr. Iceton, Putney, showed Palms, Lily of the Valley en masse, with Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora. A capital group. A group of Palms was a most commendable item from Mr. .T. Bruckhans, Twickenham, giant Kentias and Arecas prevailing, interspersed with Acers and other plants. Messrs. W. Fromow and .'^ons. Chiswick, had a very telling group of Japanese Acers, with Bamboos, .\ralia pentaphyila, and a fine lot of Kalmia latifolia laden with delicate pink flowers in profusion. Some magnificent specimen Fuchsias were shown by Mr. J. Sallows, Twickenham, the fine plants averaging some 5 feet in height, and perfect in foliage and blossom. Mr. W. Thompson, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, had a group of Crotons, Palms, .\cers. Pandanns Veitchi, Spirjea palmata, with Plumbago capensis. attd other things. Mr. Leopold de R )thschild, Gunncrsbury, sent fine ex- amples of blue Water Lilies, such as Nymph.'cft gisantea and and N. W. Stone, the handsome flowers being much admired. WINDSOR AND ETON ROSE. Through the gracious permission of His Majesty the King, this society held its twelfth annual show on the slopes at Windsor (.'astle on the 4th inst. It would be dilticult to imagine a more suitable place in which to hold a fiower show than this beautiful part of the grounds at Windsor. The classes were not so well filled as formerly, owing, no doubt, to the indifferent season, which caused the society to alter the date a week later. There was keen competition in the open class for the Queen's Cup, forty-eight distinct single trusses. Messrs. Harkuess and Co. were a splendid first, with grand blooms of La France, Le Havre, Alfred K. Williams, Jean Diicher, Slildred Grant, Star of Waltham, Helen Kellar, and Mrs. J. Laing. The latter bloom was given the silver medal for the best one in the show, Messrs. D. Prior and Son were a good second with splendid Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Mrs, J. Laing, Marie van Houtte, and Ulster ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. Eighteen Teas distinct : Messrs. D. Prior were first with an even stand. Souvenir de Pierre Notting, The Bride, lunocente Pirola, Cleopatra, and Mrs. E. Mawley were the best blooms. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. were second with good Rubens, The Bride, and Mme. Ravary ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. For twelve distinct (three trusses of each) : Messrs. .\Iex. Dickson and Sons were first with a grand lot of well-built flowers. Mildred Grant, Mrs. J. Laing, and Robert Scot, were splendid. Messrs. Uarkness and Co. second, with good Bessie Brown, Caroline Testout, aud Mrs. J. Laing. Messrs. D. Prior and Son were third. For twelve single trusses of any H.P. or H.T., Messrs. Frank Caut and Co. were first with a lovely stand of Mildred Grant ; second, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons with Bessie Brown ; third, Mr. Thomas Rigg with the same variety. For twelve single trusses of any Tea or Noisette, Messrs. D. Prior and Son were first with a splendid lot of Manian Cochet. There was only one entry iu the class for eighteen bunches of garden Roses, and this was won by Charles Turner of Slough, with a very attractive exhibit in which were Mme. P. Ducher, Mme. A. Chatenay, Marquis of Salisbury, Mme. Charles, W. H. Richardson, and L'Ideal. Amatecrs. For thirty-six distinct single trusses ; First, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, with a nice even lot, including Caroline Testout, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Tennyson, Killarney, Ducliess of Albany, and Laurence Allen ; second, Mrs. Hayward ; and Mr. W. C. Romaine third. Six single trusses, one kind : First, Rev, J. H. Pemberton, with Bessie Brown ; second, Mrs. Hayward, with Her Majesty; third, Mr. G. A. Hammond. Twelve Teas or Noisettes : First, ilr. X. Munt, with well built flowers of good colour, including Maman Cochet. Cleopatra, Princess Beatrice, and .\nna t>livier ; second, ilrs. Hayward : third, Mr. G. A. Hammond. Six distinttt, three of each : First, Rev. J. H. Pemberton ; sec )nd, Mr. F. W^elle^ley; third, Mrs. Hayward. Twelve bunches of garden Roses : First, Rev. J. H. Pemberton ; second, Mrs. Irving. Twenty-four distinct single trusses : First, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs, with good Bessie Brown, Maman Cochet, Alice Lindsell, and Ulster; secund, Mr. F. B. Gabriel; third, Mr. W. C. Romaine. Twelve distinct single trusses : First, Mr. F. Wellesley, with a grand stand of White Maman Cochet, Caroline Testout, and Maman Cochet ; second, Mr. G. A. Hammond ; third, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs. Local Classes. In the class for eighteen distinct single trusses (the Windsor Cut is given to the winner of this class), Mr. W. C. Romaine was first, and he having won it three successive times it now becomes his property. He had a splendid stand, including Mrs. J. Laing (good), Maman Cochet, Duke of Albany, and A. K. Williams ; second, Mr. J. B. Fortescue ; third, Mr. A, F. Govett. For twelve distinct single trusses : First, Mr. A. Munt • second, Mrs. H. Thomas ; third, Mrs. Bultcal. For six trusses of any H.T. or H.P., Mr. A. L. Wigan was first with Kaiserin Augusta Victoria ; second, Mr. J. B .Shackle, with same variety ; third, Mr. A. Munt, with Bessie Brown. For six trusses, any Tea or Noisette, Mr. A. Munt was first with White Maman Cochet (splendid); second, Mr. J. B. fortescue, with Mme. Cusin ; third, Rev. J. B. Shackle, with Anna Olivier. For six hunches of garden Roses, distinct ; First, Rev. J. B. Shackle, with a charming lot, including Crimson Rambler, W. Allen Richardson, and Macrantha; second, Mrs. Irving ; third, Mr. A. (Jreen. For the best display of cut Roses, Mrs. Irving was first with a very charming display, and won the Duchess of Suther- land's Cup outright for this ; second, Mr. F. Baxter ; third Mr. W. H. Austin. For best basket of Roses, Miss Violet Gee was first with a pretty arrangement ; second, Mrs. Baxter ; third, Mrs. Green. For best dinner-table decoration, Mrs. Davies was first with a charming arrangement of Iceland Poppies and Gypsophila. For a group of plants, Mr. A. F. Govett, took the leading award in this class with a nicely arranged group of Crotons, Francoa, Schizanthus, Caladinins, Ac. Fri'IT was very poorly represented, but vegetables were very plentiful and of good quality. Messrs. Wallace and Co. had a grand display of hardy flowers. Messrs. Jones and Son, Shrewsbury, hud charming Sweet Peas arranged with Gypsophila and Grasses. Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, had a very extensive display of hardy flower", Roses, and Fuchsias. Messrs. Litt aud Son, Windsor, had a pretty arrangement of fioral designs. HARROW HORTICULTURAL .SOCIETY. Few people are aware that the Harrow Horticultural .Society was established so long ago as IS.W, yet such is the case, and it is still d.dng good woik in the neighliourhood for the encouragement of gardening. The annual exhibition was held on Tuesday last (July 7), in the grounds of Dudley Lodge, by kind permission of J. MacAndrew, Esq., and although the gale of the day bef.ire had damaged some of the flowers there was a very good display, of Roses especially. Messrs. D. Prior's first prize exhibit of thirty-six blooms, was as good as we have seen this season. In addition to the numerous Rose classes, which were well filled, miscellaneous hardy flowers, fruits and vegetables, added to the attrac- tiveness and interest of the show. One tent was entirely devoted to Ladies' exhibits, the chief of which were those competing in the class for dinner-table decoration. There were no less than ten displays of this description, and, being unusually well arranged, they were really one of the best features of the show. At the lunch given to the com- mittee, judges, and other oflicials, Mr. Lewis Pawle said how much they were indebted to Mr. E. Mawley and Mr. George Paul for their valuable help on many occasions. Several of the visitors spoke of the great pleasure it gave them to visit the Harrow Show, where, thanks to the eflforts of Dr. A. H. Williams, Mr. F. Spencer (honorary secretaries), and Mr Lewis R. Pawle (honorary treasurer), everything worked so well, and they met with so hearty and hospitable a reception. -Mr. Mawley referred to the practice of mossing the boxes instead of using green painted lids, and he was glad to see that it was disappearing. He also made the suggestion (which we think the committee would do well to carry out) that this society should be called "The Harrow Rose and Horticultural Society." OPEN CLASSES. Thirty-six Roses, distinct : First, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, with an excellent lot. Bessie Brown in this stand won the National Rose Society's silver.pilt medal for the best bloom in the show, given by Dr. Williams. Other lovely blooms in this exhibit were Mildred Grant, White Maman Cochet, Prince Arthur, Souv. de Pierre Notting Mrs. J. Laing, and Robert Scott. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Braiswick Rose Gardens, Colchester, were second. Frau Karl Druschki, Tennyson, (ieneral Jacqueminot, Mrs J Liing, and Mme. de Watteville were the best blooms. The third prize fell to Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, The Old Rose Gardens, Colchester. Comte de Raimband, Mrs. Edward Mawley, and Souvenir d'Elise were the best. The Harrow Horticultural Society's Jubilee Challenge Cup, presented by the Ladies of Harrow (to be won three years in succession) goes with the first prize. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons woii it in 1902. Twelve Roses, distinct. Tea or Noisette : First, Messrs. D Prior and Son, Colchester, with a very pretty stand that included Jean Ducher, Mrs. E. Mawley, The Bride, Maman Cochet, Golden Gate, and Ethel Browulow, all good. ' Second Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colchester, with Mrs. Edward Mawley, Lady Roberts, Ethel Browulow, and Comtesse de Nadaillac in really good condition. Osmond G. Orpen, Esq West Bergholt, Colchester, was third, Mme. Hoste,' Cleo- patra, and Bridesmaid being finely shown. There were several more entries in this class. Twelve bunches of garden Roses, distinct : Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, were the only exhibitors, and won the first prize. Camoens, Marquise de Salisbury, Mme. Ravary Gustave Regis, aud Liberty were very pretty bunches. Amateitrs. Twenty-four Roses, distinct: First, E. B. Lindsell, Esq., Bearton, Hitchin, who thereby won the cup given by Lewis S. Pawle, Esq. Comtesse de Nadaillac, Bessie Brown La France, Mme. Cusin, Mrs. J. Laing, Mrs. Grant, and S M Rodocanachi were the be^t of ^ beautiful lot. O. G. Orpen Esq., West Bergholt, Colchester, was second with an exhibit of less uniform (|Uality. The best blooms were Mme Eugene Verdier, Bridesmaid, White Maman Cochet, and Jlildred Grant; third, E. Mawley, Esq., Berkharapstead whose finest flowers were Mrs. Grant, Marquise Litta, and La France. Twelve Roses, distinct, not open to exhibitors in the preceding class: First, Arthur Munt, Esq., Hedgerley, Slough, with good blooms, the pick of which were Mrs' Grant, Maman Cochet, and La France. W. G. Adcock, Esq. The Briars, North Finchley, was second, Gustave Piganeau and Captain Hayward being flnely shown ; third, G. A. Hammond, Esq., Burgess Hill, Sussex. His Killarney was a lovely bloom. Twelve Roses, distinct. Tea or Noisette : First, Rev. F. R. Burnside, Stanbridge Rectory, Essex. White Maman Cochet, Mrs. Edward Mawley, Muriel Grahame, and L'lnno- cence Pirola were the best blooms in a fairly good exhibit. Osmond G. Orpen, Esq., was second with Mme. Hoste, Catheiine Mermet, and Medea as the best; third, Arthur .Munt, Esq., Hedgerley, Slough. Mme. Cusin was the best bloom. Members of the Society.— Gardeners' Dn-isioN. Twelve Roses, distinct ; First prize and National Rose Society's silver medal were won by Lewis S. Pawle, Esq. Antoine Rivoire, Bessie Brown, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, and Maman Cochet were the best blooms. Dr. H. A. Williams, Rotorua, Harrow, was second. Mrs. Shar- man Crawford, S. M. Rodocanachi, Margenth Appert (a well-formed, large, rose-coloured bloom), aud Maman Cochet were his finest flowers; third, J. R. Cater, Esq., Kaiserin A. Victoria and Medea both being good. Six Roses (distinct), not open to exhibitors in preceding class: First, Frank Spencer, Esq., with some beautiful blooms. One of Mildred Grant on this stand won the National Rose Society's silver medal for the best Rose in members' classes. While Maman Cochet, Clara Watson, Tennyson, and Lady Clanmorris also were well shown. .Second, Arnold Mitchell, Esq. ; third, L. R. W, Forrest, Esq. Six Roses, Tea or Noisette: First, Frank Spencer, Esq., who again showed well, Jean Ducher, White Maman Cochet, and Mrs. Edward Mawley being excellent ; second, Dr. H. A. Williams, whose blooms were rather smaller. Catherine .Mermet, Bridestuaid, and L'Inuocente Pirola were, however, ail well shown : third, J. R. Cater, Esq. Four Roses of any one variety : First, Frank Spencer, Esq., with very good White .Maman Cochet; second, Arnold Mitchell, Esq., with Caroline Testout; third, Lewis S. Pawle, Esq., with .Mrs. Sharman Crawfonl. Three vases of Roses, three blooms of each : First, Frank Spencer, Esii. ; second, A. S. Ilargreaves, Esq. ; third, Dr A U. Williams. Four bunches of garden Roses : First, A. S. Hargreaves, Esq., whose best vaseful was W. A. Richardson (beautiful colouring) ; second. Dr. A. H. Williams ; third, S. Gardner, Esq., who showed rugosa and other single Roses. Amateur Memrers. Six Roses, not more than two of one sort : First, A. Bryans, Esq., H. Schultheis and Killarney being the best ; second, Mrs. Burton. Prince Camille de Rohan was a lovely bloom, also Cleopatra ; third, Mrs. G. A. Holme. Vase of Roses ; First, A. J. Obermayer, Esq. ; second, Captain Johnson. Cottagers (Members Only). Six Roses, distinct : First, Mrs. Whitfield, with several good fiowers ; second, Mr. W. Mower ; third, Mr. J. Allen. Group of plants : First, Mrs. Charles (gardener, Mr. T. Norman). F'our Begonias : First, A. S. Hargreaves, Esq., with very creditable plants. Cut Flowers. Collection of cut flowers (prizes given by Lady Northwick): First, S. Gardner, Esq., who showed Iceland Poppies, Gail- lardias, Eschscholtzias, Sweet Peas, aud other bright fiowers ; second, A. S. Hargreaves, Esq., whose group included some English Irises, Lychnis chalcedonica, Canterbury Bells, &c ; third, Mrs. Charles. Twelve bunches of cut flowers : First, Rev. E. C. E. Owen ; second, E. Graham, Esq.; third, Lewis S. Pawle, Esq., all very bright. Six bunches of cut flowers : First, E. W. Howson, Esq. ; second, G. B. Innes Hopkins, Esq. ; third, Arnold Mitchell' Esq. ' Twelve bunches of Sweet Peas, distinct : First, Lewis S. Pawle, Esq., the best varieties being Miss Willmott, coccinea, and Duke of Westiuinster ; second, J. A. Stuart, Esq., with a very pretty lot also ; third, Mrs. (Charles. Six bunches of Sweet Peas : First, A. K. Carlyon, Esq. • second, G. B. Innes Hopkins, Esq. ; third, E. W. Howson' Esq. The first prize for six spikes of Delphiniums was won by Arnolu Mitchell, Esq. ; Lewis S. Pawle, Esq., was second; and E. Graham, Estj,, third. Mr. Henry Eckford, Wem, Shropshire, showed an admirable display of Sweet Peas in many lovely varieties. Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, sent hardy flowers ; Mr. J. Lion, Stanniore, Middlesex, showed Caladiums, Delphiniums, and' New White Royal Pelargonium Mrs. J. Lion. Messrs. James Taylor and Sons, St. Hilda's Nursery, Harrow, exhibited miscellaneous Plants; Messrs. W.' Cutbush and Sons, Barnet Nurseries, and Hfgh;ate, N., showed an attractive display of Sweet Peas, Roses, and Carnations, both Malmaison and tree varieties. There were numerous exhibits of fruits and vegetables. Lames' Dr\'isioN. Dinner table decoration.— The first prize was won by Miss Evelyn MacAndrew with a very pretty arrangement of pink Gladioli, pink Centaurea and Gypsophila. Miss O'Neill was second with a simple— yet unusually effective- table of light purple Sweet Peas in the centre, and dark ones at each corner. The third prize was won by Mrs. Arnold Mitchell, who used Cornflowers, Teasel, Gypsophila, bub there was 36 THE GARDEN [July 11, 1903 a preponderance of greenery. There were numerous other entries. ^ , « Mrs. Peringer was first for an arrangement of flowers in a vase, showing Roses. Miss Evelyn MacAndrew won the first prize for a collec- tion of cut flowers, arranged in a .basket, with English Irises and Scabious, all of various shades of purple. In the class for an arrangement for centre of dinner-table, Roses only, (open to amateurs within 25 miles of Harrow), Miss Beatrice L^ngton was first, with a lovely display of Apricot and yellow-tinted flowers. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. There was a very small meeting of the society on the 7th Inst., but the groups shown were interesting, and in some cases very beautiful. Floral Committee. Present : H. B. May, Esq. (chairman), Messrs. Charles T. Druery, Geo. Nicholson, John Green, J. F. McLeod, James Hu Ison, J. Jennings, Wm. Howe, G. Reuthe, Chas. Dixon, H. J. Cutbush, Geo. Gordon, H. J. Jones, R. W. Wallace, fUiarles E. Pearson, Charles E. Shea, W. P. Thomson, E. H. Jenkins, and Amos Perry. Hurdy flowers were well shown on this occasion, some important groups being staged by the leading growers of these plants. Mr. M. Prichard, Christchurch, Hants, set up a good lot of perennials, among which we were pleased to note the somewhat scarce double white sweet-scented Campion. Lychnis vespertina plena, good masses of Alstrcemerias, Galegas, Delphinium Belladonna, Potentillas (very fine), Lychnis haageana, many Gaillardias, Lilium Brownii, Water Lilies, &c. Messrs. T. S. Ware and Co., Felthara, made a speciality of Delphiniums on this occasion, and of these showy July flowers there was certainly a goodly array, quite Informally arranged. Some fine Eremuri were also shown, among which we noted Sybil, orange-yelluw, said to be a cross between E. Bungei and E. Warei, and E. Wyclifle, a strong yellow, broad in petal, and said to result from the crossing of E. Warei and E. Olgai. Crotons from Mr. H. B. May, Edmonton, were in some 12(i distinct varieties, and in their groundwork of Maidenhair Fern made a fine display of colour. The plants were mostly small examples in 5-inch or Cinch pots and (juite represen- tative of all sections of this fine decorative group. Messrs. J. Peed and Sons, Norwood, showed a group of Carnations, Malmaisons, and border varieties in pots, intermingled with each other. Carnations were also finely shown by Messrs. W. Cutbush and Son, Highgate. Of those shown we noted Monk, a very fine scarlet; Maggie Hodgson, crimson; Valleta, blush; Tliora, also blush ; Don Juan, crimson, fine petal ; Queen of the Isles, yellow ground ; and others. Messrs. William Bull and Sons, Chelsea, showed a beautiful lot of Anaictochilus and allied things, as Dossinia, Ha-maiia, Goodyera, &c. Of these Dossinia marmorata was very fine. The group was surrounded by small plants of Eugenia myrio- phylla, a dainty shrub-like plant very dwarf in stature. Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester, showed, as usual, hardy cut flowers in great quantity. Some of the things were exceedingly showy, notably Ereraurus Buugei, a rich yellow-flowered plant. Iris hevigata in variety was also in strong force, and so too Iris spuria alba, Ac. The Calochorti from this firm are always very beautiful, and from this standpoint there is no variation. Liliums were good and numerous, particularly so being L. Brownii. L. tigrinum in variety, L. szovitzianum, all very beautiful. Iris Monnieri, rich yellow, is also a fine border plant now in season. The Roses from Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, were a capital lot, especially good being the pure white Frau Karl Druschki. Mrs. Edward Mawley, Mildred Grant, Papa Lambert, deep pink of exceptional size and form; Duchess of Portland, fine creamy while; Mrs. B. R. Cant, deep rose-pink ; and Souv. de Catherine Guillot, deep apricot, were among the best. Blush Rambler was also finely shown, and, indeed, is one of the best of its class. Sweet Peas from Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, were very good, and included the leading sorts now grown. Hardy fiowers from Mr. E. Potten, Cranbrook, Kent, included Inula glandulosa, Potentillas, Delphiniums, Iris Monnieri, Gaillardias, Campanulas, Ac. Iris ochroleuca was also very fine. Small Cactaceou3 plants and allied things were again shown by Mr. R. Anker, Baker Street. There were many species grouped together. Verbena Warley was well shown by Miss Willmott, Warley Place, Essex. It is a fine scarlet variety, of a vigorous constitution, the colour exceedii'gly showy. Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, showed hardy plants in fine condition, and with a rare lot of Water Lilies in trays made a most effective exhibit. Of these latter we noted N. Laydekeri rosea, N. ellisiana, N. Marliacea chromatella, N. M. carnea, N. Gladstonei, N. Wm. Dougal (a grand white), N. Marliacea albida (very fine), »&c. Campanula rhoniboidalis, a rich blue, was finely staged. It is a capital dwarf border plant. Heuchera sanguinea Walker's variety is certainly the finest of all this race, rich in colour and large in bell. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed Malmai- son Carnations in grand style ; the plants perfect in health and vigour. A few of the best are John Coles, scarlet, fine ; Robert Burns, red-scarlet ; Mrs. Trelawny, Mrs, Grimston, rosy flaked bloom ; Sir Charles Freemantle ; Lady Rose, deep rose-pink, one of the gems; Maggie Hodgson, crimson; Nautilus, fiesh ; Albion, rose ; and King Oscar being among the best. Some pots of Lilium Marham in variety were shown by Miss Willmott, Warley, Essex. Shrubs from Messrs. Veitch included Escallonia phillipiana, white flowers, Cytisus nigricans, golden ; Stuartia Pseudo Camellia, cupped, white flowers ; Cytisus schipkaensis. creamy flowers ; a group of Rhododendrons of the Java jasminiflorus group was also shown Carnations of the border type were shown by Mr. James Douglas. The Rev. \V. Wilks, Shir- ley, showed his much improved strain of Shirley Poppies, a group embracing the greatest beauty and many shades of colour. A group of Campanula peregrina, together with a large collection of Sweet Peas in pots, from Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, attracted much attention. These latter were grouped in triangular fashion, three pots of each, and about 3 feet high. Messrs. Barr and Sons showed a small group of cut flowers, the chief of t hese being the early Gladioli, of which a la'"ge variety was set up. Iris la'vigata in variety and with Water Lilies were also from the same firm. Nymphiea moorian a, from Australia, was shown by Mr. Leopold! de Roth- schild, Guunersbury House (gardener, Mr. Hudson). It is yellow-flowered, and, we presume, not hardy. Awards. The following received an award cf merit : Campanula peregrina. — This is a showy biennial species of some worth as a flowering plant for the con- servatory. The flowers are bell-shaped, pale blue to violet-blue in colour, the ovary being encircled, as also the base of the corolla, with deepest violet • blue. The flowers are arranged in a dense spicate raceme 2i feet high. The plant ii much branched from the base, thus enhancing its decorative value. The spe- cies is a very old one, and long known to gardens. Shown by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Limited. Chelsea. Carnation Diadem. — A well formed flower, with light yellow ground and rose markings and stripes. The flower is beautifully formed. Carnation Merlin. — A yellow ground bloom of large size, with bordering of heavy i found varieties of garden flowers carried to higher SG™^7i^h■?afe^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^™ aiessrs. Wm. Cutbush and g^^d more special development ; but people knew yephrolepis cordifolia cristata cotuj est a.— This dwarf in- i teresting Fern is fully described, or at least broadly so, in its name. The fronds are some 6 inches long, as sliown, the parts apparently congested or closely arranged together. Shown by Mr. H. B. May, Edmonton. List of Medals. Silver-gilt Flora. — Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, and Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton. Silver Mora.— Messrs. R. Wallace and Co., Colchester. Silver Banksiun.— 'Mr. M. Prichard, Hants ; Messrs. T. S. Ware and Co., Feltham ; Messrs. B. R Cant and Sons, Col- chester ; Miss Willmott, V.M.H., Warley; Mr. J. Peed, West Norwood ; and Mr. A. Perry, Winchmore Hill. *»^* The reports of the Sutton Roxe Show, Croydon Flower Show, and the Royal Horticultural Society's Orchid and Fruit Committees are unavoidably held over. THE LATE MR. WILLIAM THOMPSON, V.M.H. OBITUARY. MR. WILLIAM THOMPSON, V.M.H. With much regret we have to record the death, on Friday, the .3rd inst., of Mr. William Thompson of Ip3\vich, in his Slst year. It is not too much to say that the whole horticultural world — not that of Kngland only — knew and honoured Mr. Thonip- His wide knowledge and unfailing kindness son. were always at the service of enquirers, while those who knew him as a friend knew how good a friend tinie his health began to fail him a little, and he that, allowing for errors that must creep into a list of such wide comprehensiveness, Thompson's was entirely to be depended on. We desire to record to his honour that in no other tradesman's list do we remember to have seen appended to the name of a plant : " This seed 1 cannot recommend." The seed in question was of some half-hardy annual commonly called for, but Mr. Thompson had reason to doubt the quality of the batch that had that year come into his hands. The same thing ma}' have been often observed in the interesting supplementary list of seeds of new or special plants. When seed was offered of plants unknown to him he passed on the description he had received, but was careful to say that he had not himself tested it. The following from the East Anglian Daily Timet is of interest : " Mr. Thompson, who leaves a son {Mr. Sidney Thompson) and three daughters to mourn his loss, had resided in Ipswich all his lite. He married Miss Fisher of Yoxford, who predeceased him in 18S4. As a j'oung man, the deceased gentleman was always deeply interested in science. He began by studying chemistry and photography, and was one of the earliest pioneers of the old Daguerreotype method of photography. After a he was. His position in horticulture was one by itself. His wide botanical studies were reflected in his seed catalogue, always the most interesting of any to the intelligent amateur. In the lists of others of the most eminent seed firms might be turned his attention to botany, his pursuit of that science being at the outset purely a hobbj'. Little by little be began the exchange and sale of rare seeds, and he published his first catalogue in 1855. July 11, 1903.] THE GARDEN. V. His speciality was always herbaceous and alpine plants. Through many correspondents in all parts of the plobe he was gradually enabled to introduce to the English gardening world a large number of plants hitherto not brought into cultivation. "The deceased was a man of wide interests, great reading, marvellous memory, and an extremelj' good linguist. He was of lovable disposition, and dis- played an old-world courtesy, combined with entire simplicity of character." Mr. Thompson was a Victoria Medallist of Honour. The Midland Carnation and PiCOtee Society will hold its usual annual exhibition on 'Ihursdaj' and Friday, August ti and 7, which is later tlian usual, owing to the season. The Royal Hopticultupal Society's g'apdens as an open space fop Chis- Wick. -There is considerable heart-burning in Chiswick over the society's gardens. Some consider their purchase a wise move, others that it is just the spot for a new technical school, but it does not seem at all clear that the council of the society have even parted with them. Whatever their future is to be there is a decided opinion that they should be preserved as an open space, National Dahlia Society. A meeting of the committee will be held, by kind permission of the Horticultural Club, in the club-room at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, S.W., on Tuesday, the 21st inst., at '2 p.m. Business : 1. Election of judges for London and Manchester shows ; 2. Advertising the London exhibition. — P. W. TUI.LOI H. The 1903 Sweet Pea Show.— Evicted from the site of their former yearly displays, the National Sweet Pea Society will hold their third grand exhibition at London's popular resort. Earl's Court, on the loth and lUth inst. On both days the spacious Prince's Hall at the Warwick Koad entrance, picturescjuelj' arrayed with countless varieties of the Sweet Pea from all parts of the kingdom, will be open entirely free to visitors to the International Fire Exhibition. In addition to the numerous prizes offered in the recognised classes, the National Sweet Pea Society's silver medal will be given for the finest novelty of the year. Bamboos "flOWePing.— I saw your notice of the Bamboo A. Sinioni being in flower. I wonder if it is as troublesome as wy two large plants of A. S. variegata. These for three years have refused to do anything but flower and seed for about eight months in the year. This year they began soon after Christmas, and there is not a culm that is not crowded with old and young seed-pods. I send you a bit of both to see. You will notice that the later flowering has resulted in plenty of seed set. I did not send any larger quantity as it is not beautiful. The plants now look like ragged bundles of old straw ; there must be pints of seed, yet onlj' a leaf here and there. I send one of the largest branchlets, but it shows the variegation. I have never known tender and half-hardy shrubs, also Bamboos, in such rampant growth as this year, and the dry heat that we are now suffering from will, at any rate, ripen the wood, and so do good, but we are parched up. — A. Bayldon, Oaklauds, Dawli\h, Devon. I have here a quantity of Bamboos, which this year are covered with inflorescence. Only one is in flower, which I think may be Simoni, but I am not very clear as to the difl'erent forms. It would be interesting to know whether the flowering of this Bamboo is general throughout the country this year, also to observe whether the seed will ripen in this climate. — R. M. Greaves, Wern, Port- mailor. Rhubapb The Sutton. — For a great number of years I have taken much interest in Rhubarb, chiefly' to get an early variety with sticks of good colour that does not run to seed quickly. Jly note on this occasion refers to The Sutton, and so far it is much superior to any variety I have grown. I force large quantities of Rhubarb, and I have given most sorts a trial with excellent results, both in the open ground and in the forcing pit. This variety much resembles the Victoria, but is earlier and scarcely produces a seed. The colour is a bright rich red, and this is retained even in a cooked state, and the roots even when forced in a dark Mushroom house eive well coloured sticks of good size. The Sutton Rhubarb received an award of merit from the Royal Horticultural Society a year or two ago, and in my opinion thoroughly deserved a higher award, as after two seasons' trial it is better than older sorts, both for flavour and earliness, two important points. It also forces very readily. This variety is quite dis- tinct from the more recently introduced winter Rhubarb, an American variety that requires no forcing, but merely protection. — O. W. TO ANSWERS CORRESPONDENTS. RULES FOR CORRESPONDENTS. Questions and Answers.— r^e Editor intends to make The GakI'Kn hclp/ulto all readers xcko desire assistance, no matter what the branch of gardenina may be, and with that object vAU make a special feature of the " Ansicers to Corre- pendents" column. All communications should be clearly aiid concisely iv^ritten on one side of the paper only, and addresb-ed to the EDITOR of The Garden, 50, Tavistock Street, Covejit Garden, London. Letters on business should be sent to the Publisher. The name and address of the sender are required in addition to any designation he may desire to be used in the paper. When more than one query is sent, each should be on a separate piece of paper. Names of plants.— X -/*'. A.—\, Dictamnus Fraxinella; 2, Anchusa sempervirens probably, no flower remained ; 3, Ajiiga pyramidalis ; 4, Scilla lilio-hyacinthiiia ; 5, Phyteuma orbiculaie ; 0, Phyteuma orbiculare variety; 7, Erigeron philadelphicus. J/erftraj/.- Tragopogon pratense. llfise.—\, Pliyteunia orbiculare ; '2, Senecio Duronicum ; 3, Ceiitranthiia ruber, — —Lady //.— Phloniis fruticoaa. Unhealthy Fuchsias (A. E. L.)— Judging by the shoots sent your Fuchsia has received some decided check, caused probably by the cold harsh weather that we have experienced this season. Now that the warmer weather has set in the plant will probably soon outgrow its ailment, and flower as well as ever, though, perhaps, a little later than usual. Currant shoots bUg-hted(J. K. B.).— The Currant shoots which you sent were very much dried up by the time they reached me, but as far as I can see the distortion of the shoots is due to the action of aphides. The best way of destroying the aphides is by spraying with parafliti emulsion, Abol, or some other insecticide containing parafliu and sioft soap. This, however, will not improve the flavour of the fruit, which should be well syringed with water a few houri afterwards. When ail the leaves have fallen collect and burn them, and when pruning the bushes collect and burn all that has been cut of. Towards ihe end of the winter and before the buds show any signs of opening spray the bushes with the following caustic wash ; Dissolve llh. of caustic soda in half a pail of water, then add Jib. of pearlash. Stir until all is dissolved, add water to make 10 gallons, and then add lOuz. of soft soap which has been already melted in a Htlle hut water. This mixture is very caustic, and must not be allowed to remain on the hands or clothes. Next season if the bushes be again infested spray with paraftin emulsion as soon as any injury is noticed.— G. S. S. Peap tree diseased (I. H. Ward).— The branch of your Pear tree that you sent is infested with one of the scale insects (Lecanium genevense). If only a few shoots are infested I should cut them off at once and burn them, but if the insects are more or less spread over the tree I should spray the tree well with paraftin emulsion, avoiding the fruit as much as possible. If the tree be a small one you might simply paint the affected shoots over with the emulsion, having flrst rubbed olf with a stiff brush as many of the scales as possible. It is as well when doing this to wet the brush with the emulsion or with soft soap and water. The insect lays its eggs beneath its scale, so that when these are brushed off there is a chance of the eggs falling on to other parts unless they are caught in some liquid. When the leaves are otf go carefully over the tree and dress all the infested parts with paraflin emulsion.— G. S. S. Ventilation of vineries. &e, (Eden Phillpotts) From >our statement that the Azaleas placed under the Vines were known to be infested with thrip, it is impossible to come to any other conclusion than that the Azaleas are responsible for communicating the thrip to the Vines. This is a common occurrence, and arises from negligence on the part of the cultivator in not seeing that the plants are perfectly clean when placed in the vinery for protection during winter. These conditions assured there is no reason why such plants should not be wintered in a vinery. If, on the other hand, insect-infested plants are placed in the vinery all hope of successful Grape culture may be abandoned. Vines seriously attacked by thrip or red spider are so weakened and handicapped as to make it impossible for them to produce heavy crops of good quality fruit. The front ventilation of vineries is a question upon which conflicting opinions are held by experts. To answer your (juestion satisfactorily one ought to know whether it has reference to early, mid-season or late Grapes. If it refers to early Grape?, ripening say at the end of May, the weigltt of opinion among experts is against the admission of front air until the Grapes begin to colour. At that season the tem- perature may be properly controlled by the use of the top ventilators alone. The weather is then usually cold and changeable, and a draught of cold air coming in direct contact with the foliage may do much damage in a very short time by causing mildew or rust to attack the Vines. For later Grapes, during May and subsequent months, front air may be admitted, at first cautiously and sparingly, and only during bright and waim weather. As the summer advances more air xnr\y be given, but it is always necessary to exercise caution in the admission of front air. The cultivator's object in view should be to secure a warm, buoyant atmosphere without draughts which chill the air to the detriment of the Vines. Fly (name of sender lost).— The brilliantly coloured little lly is one of the "Ruby flies" belonging to the genus Chrysis. In a garden it is of no importance one way or another, except from an {esthetic point of view, for they are most beautiful Httle insects. They belong to the same order of insects as the bees and wasps, and lay their eggs in the grubs of other insects belonging to the same order.— G. S. S. Pseonies and Sweet Peas (E. H. J. Caister).— We cannot give the remotest reason for the failure of the former from the very small scrap sent. You give no par- ticulars of cultivation, and you do not say if the disease so- called is of annual occurrence or only of the current year. In the latter instance Pteonies all over the country have suffered terribly from the frost ; indeed, this crippled the plants so much that it was feared the buds were ruined. Such frosts as those experienced this year while the plants were in full bud have never before been known, the growths drooping for days. It is probable your plants have suffered from the same cause, and we could have given a more deflnite reply had you submitted quite fresh material. With regard to the Sweet Peas we say at once it is most unwise to plant in the same position year after year. Nothing is calculated to bring absolute failure more quickly than this. These and similar crops should be given a fresh position or fresh soil each year, the ground well prepared in autumn and liberally treated with nitro- genous manures. Farmyard or stable manure is excellent, and in fresh, deeply worked soil is capable of yielding the best results. •»• The Yearly Subscription to TVE GARDEN is: Inland, 15s.; Foreipn, 17s. 6d. JN ON-POISONOUS. iriSECTICIDE Is adiui-ced by Ueera to be Tub Best Plant Wash for Garden & QreenbouBe. ABOL it abiolutely ABOLISHES APHIS Qreen and Black Fly American Blif^ht. Caterpillars, auil all kinds of ^1^ Y IT *"*^ ^°" ^'" ^S"*^^ ^'^^ other Users, who have said ; " It acts like a charm." 'I was surprised." "Cannot find aliving fly." '"Aneweraaiimirftbly." "Wish I had U5eiit : Mr, [AMI'S OEUKGH, 14. KedLTru,.- K.i.i.i. I'uinev- aiaiiiiel Isl.iiids A;^L-ut. Mtssrv I'AKSONb .*;■ Co.. 1 .t.i.. Giift ris.y. CARDEN CANES AND PEA STICKS ^^i'^^. Best Quility, 4f[., 2/6; 5ft., 7/6; eft., S/6; ;ft., g6 per 100. Write for Full Price List. DAVIES BAMBOO CO., 164, Lever Street. Bath Street. City Road. z.ondon, £ G. Iron Works, BRIBRLBY HILL, STAFFS. Manufacturers of all kiods of Garden Requisites, Continuous Fencing, etc. QARDBN HUKDLB. WIRE NBTTINQ. lent subsd- paint at one- tntroduoed Smith 40 to Price 1/6 per Works, or 1/8 way Stations, galloD casks. 111.8, Qu e:e3>¥ vicrroRiA. Sfx*., e.g* ^^ GARDEN z^^r-"^ No. 1652.— Vol. LXIV.] [July 18, 1903. 1903. HARDY FRUITS IN A Disastrous Year. THIS season will long be remembered in the annals of liardy fruit culture in tbe British Isles. From reports received early in the year we were prepared to hear of poor and ]iartial crops throughout the country ; liut later reports gave a gloomy account of the outlook with regard to the returns that might be expected from our British orchards and gardens, especially of the most important crops of Apples, Plums, Clierries, and Pears. Year in and year out we are blessed with an abundant promise of bountiful crops by the rich and luxuriant display of blossom fruit trees always ])resent in spring. This spring was no exception, as a better promise of abundant crops was never more apparent. Amongst other counties, we had the pleasure of visiting Worcestershire, where the trees in orchards and gardens were in bloom, and a more beautiful sight or a more promising prospect for a good fruit season we never remember. The art of fruit growing in Britain has been brought to such perfection at the present day that the gardeners cannot be blamed in this respect, as the failure is due to the frosts This year 8° to 10° prevailed for nearly a fortnight together whilst the trees were in full bloom. Under such unavoidable and deplorable conditions as these what becomes of the poor gardener's art and all his labour on behalf of his trees during the year 1 He has simply to confess himseif hopelessly beaten. Is this to go on for ever 'I Must we always go on bemoaning our fate over this matter of the destruction of our fruit crops by the May frosts ? Surely the genius .and enter- prise of British horticulturists will before long find out a way of solving the diiticulty. Attention was drawn in a recent article in The Garden, with illustrations (see issue of the 4th inst.), to a .system of covering large areas of land with temporary glass roofs and canvas sides for growing Roses and other flowers for market. These rough and cheap structures for the growth and protection of flowers have proved a complete success, not only in affording ]irotection and improving the growth of the flowers, but financially also. The market grower cannot aflbrd to indulge in fads and fancies. Hard cash is the standard by which everything he does is measuretl. Here, then, it seems to us that a successful way has been pointed out by our market- growing friends how to save not only our bush fruit trees and Strawberries, but also our valuable early vegetable crops and salads as well. These protectors are constructed of rough timber, and any handy labourer can jiut them together. They can be built of any size and height desired, and for the purpose of pro- tecting fruit trees in bloom glass could be dispensed with and tiffany or herring nets would make an ettective substitute. These erections once built will last for years, and when cov-ered with portable lights of glass, as in the case illustrated, and heated with movable boilers and hot - water pipes as practised in the case referred to, they become not only protectors from frosts, but efiective and profitable orchard houses, covering at a cheap rate any area of land desired. Adversity and failure are often as potent in teaching useful lessons in life as successes. Let us hope that the destruction of our hardy fruit crops of 1903 by frost will so impress upon gardeners and others interested the importance of protec- tion that some such provision as we have indicated (or something better) will become general in gardens. with me this year into a state of broom-sticks. This has been noticed in The Garden as occurring in several localities, and its liability to do this lessens its value. Two other specimens of A. Simoni, younger than the one alluded to above, have no seeds worth mentioning on them, so that age of plant" and not season seems to be the factor of importance." KDITOR'S TABLE. We invite our readers to send us anything of special beauty and interest for our table, as by this means many rare and interesting plants become more widely known. We hope, too, that a short cultural note will accompany the flower so as to make a notice of it more instructive to those who may wish to grow it. We welcome anything from the garden, whether fruit, tree, shrub. Orchid, or hardy flower, and they should be addressed to The Editor, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London. ToisERous Beuonia. Mr. Greenwood Pirn sends from Easton Lodge, Monkstown, County Dublin, flowers of a superb crimson tuberous Begonia ; the blooms are very large, not coarse, and 6nely fringed. Mr. Pirn writes : — " I think this is a very handsome and not common Begonia — a fringed one — which I had from Dreer of Philadelphia a year or two ago. It is a very strong grower and free blooming, and produces flowers also considerably larger than those enclosed. 1 look upon it as a decided acnuiaition." Odontoglossum crispdm flowers. A correspondent, whose letter we have unfortu- nately mislaid, sends several spikes of spotted forms of Odontoglossum crispum. None of the varieties were of great value, that is, for their "spots," but all were very beautiful, and the spikes showed how well the plants have been grown. The varieties were very distinct, one almost pure white, except a spot upon the lip, and in one, a rosy purple shaded flower, we could trace the influence of probably 0. gloriosum. We thank our correspondent heartily for so fine a gathering of flowers. 0. crispum is one of the most easily grown of all Orchids, and should be one of the first selected by the beginner. We hope the sender of these flowers will write a short article upon the culture of this Odontoglossum as a help to those who would like to begin Orchid growing in a cool house. Bamboos Flowering. We have received the following very inter- esting letter upon the flowering of Bamboosfrom Captain E. C. Daubuz, Ivyde, Isle of Wight : "To my great regret my specimen of Arundi- naria nobilis is developing flower and seed. The specimen is 2.5 feet high and 8 feet through at the ground, and was planted some thirty years ago from seed taken from its iiredecessor on the same site, which flowered and died. This species flowered and died elsewhere the same year. I have enclosed a piece of the cane on which flower is not showing, the difference in size of foliage being remarkable. At the same time the shoots for this year, thirty or more, are 18 inches high and very I „ ^ vigorous. Arundinaria Simoni has also seeded I double yellow variety, Flowers from Newry. Mr. T. Smith sends from Newry, Ireland, a charming assortment of good things. We note the more interesting. Camjxinn/a ptn-Kkifolia Nen-ry Giant. — A very handsome half-double form of one of the best of all Campanulas. The flowers are very large, pure while, and thickly set upon the stem. A group of this in the garden would make a brave show of white, and be less likely to suffer in rough weather than if composed of the single variety. Veronica hyhrida Xewri/eiiw. —A very free and pretty form with dense spikes of white and blue flowers. It has a fine leaf and is exceptionally free in all ways. Anfhericum plmnosum. — A pretty grassy An- thericum with white flowers. Iria Deiavayi. — Very dark purple-blue with white base to the segments. A handsome and graceful flower. Campanula per-iicifoiia Daisy Hill. — This is a companion to the Newry Giant mentioned above. The flowers are very large, with two rows of thick blue petals. It is without the grace of so beautiful a flower as the single white alba grandi- flora, but is a good border plant. IJtlianthemiim vuhjare Lemon Queen. — A quite A plant for sunny banks. 38 THE GARDEN. [July 18, 1903. Iris ochroleuca. — A noble Iris, and the flowers sent are a pleasant reminder of their beauty of colouring. Ozothamniis rosmarini/oliuii.— One of the prettiest and most fragrant of shrubs. It is one of the few- shrubs that flower in summer, and at this time the dense white clusters are welcome. Aiichiisa i-apcvsis. — A distinct biennial from South Africa, with flowers of deepest blue, much like those of the better known A. italica. Bosa moxchafa. — The Musk Rose, sweet and free, but without the charm of the larger variety nivea. Delphinium (ji-andifl,oriim. — Mr. Smith sends the intense purple type, finely grown, and a clear blue variety named pallida, the colour of 1). Belladonna. Bosa niijosa x polyanlha. — A distinct cross between the two species, and with the parentage about equally shown. It should be a good half climbing Rose, but Mr. Smith tells us nothing about its habit. Old gardtn Roses. — We were pleased to find in the collection bunches of the deliciously sweet old garden Rose Spong and the De Meaux in three forms, one pure white, and all very fragrant. As}>hodeline isthuocarjia. — A soft s-'almon-brown striped flower, opening about 11 a.m., not showy, but interesting. Among other things were the soft white flowers of Cytisus schiphrmis, a pretty garden shrub, rare, but should not remain so ; its flowers appear in profusion. EpIPACTIS AMERICANA. Mr. Field, Ashwellthorpe, Norwich, sends spikes of the very interesting Epipactis americana. This plant is as hardy as the common Rhubarb, if only planted in congenial soil and position ; it does well in a free sandy soil mulched with leaf-mould or cocoa-fibre, and in a partially shaded spot. It will be found to succeed with pretty full exposure, or in fact as a border plant. It makes a good companion to our hardy Cypripediums. A tall Orchid with quaintly coloured flowers, brown, touched with purplish rose. Strawberry Givon's Late Prolific. Mr. George Bunyard, The Royal Nurseries, Maidstone, sends a box of this valuable late Strawberry. The fruits are very large, of a rich red colour, and really good flavour. Mr. Bunyard writes: " This is proving one, if not the best, of our late large Strawberries. The plants are sturdy, of vigorous growth, and the fruits are produced over a long period." LiLiHMS from Colchester. Messrs. R. Wallace and Co., Kilnfield Gardens, Colchester, send a choice collection of Liliunis, Calochorli, and other seasonable flowers. The Lilies are a lovely lot, and include flowers of the choicest species and varieties, many of them of very beautiful colouring. They are as follow : Lilium elegans Orange Queen, rich apricot-buff; L. e. atro-sanguineum, blood red ; L. Martagon dalmaticum, deep ruljy-red (one of the best forms); L. M. Calani, with large black-red floweis ; Lilium venustum macranthum, beautiful rich apricot colour ; L. excelsum ; L. concolor var. Coridion, a pretty, small, bright yellow flower; L. colchicum, deep primrose ground with bands of deeper yellow and purple dots ; L. superbum, a spreading star- like flower heavily spotted with purple-lilaok upon an oracge-red ground ; L. Humboldtii magnificum, one of the most gorgeous of Lilies, the ground colour of the recurving petals is orange, the lower half blotched with vinous red, the upper part spotted with purple-brown ; L. Brownii, pale purple-brown outside and white within ; L. longi- floruni albo-marginata, with white margined pale green leaves; L. Marhan (Martagon xHansoni). The Irises include I. aurea, rich yellow ; I. Monnieri, large, lovely deep lemon-yellow ; 1. intermedia (aurea x gigantea), and aurea x Monnieri. There are also Calochortus venustus pictus, C. v. citrinus, C. v. oculatus, and the large yellow C. clavatus with a beautiful fringe on the petals. Eremurus Bungei, a most attractive plant Kremurus X 01ga3, a soft,, rather dull yellow ; Brodiica californica, lilac-purple ; B. peduncu- laris, B. ixioides, B. Purdyi, rich purple, and Ornithogalum pyramidale also were represented. Seedling Meconopsis. "I send you a few more blooms of the seedling Meconopsis plants which have been very brilliant this season. I al.so add for your table blooms of Clematis Pallasii purpurascens, Carpenteria califor- nica, Escallonia langleyensis, Veronica elegans var. carnea, and Typha minima. — John McWalters, Tilt' Mall, Armagh." The double seedling Poppies are very bright, orange-red and yellow, while the large pure white Anemone-like blooms of the Carpenteria are very beautiful ; Veronica elegans carnea has erect racemes of pretty purple-pink flowers, and the Clematis bears numerous small white blooms. Lilium elegans Peter Barr. Messrs. Barr and Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, write : " We send you herewith a sample bloom of quite a new variety of Lilium elegans called Peter Barr. It is now flowering freely at our nurseries, and grows 1 foot high. It is quite as hardy and robust as any of the other varieties of Lilium elegans." The flower of this new Lily is large and hand- some. The colour is perhaps best described as rich apricot-buft', the colour being most intense in the centre of the petals. These are slightly spotted with reddish brown. A flowering plant would undoubtedly be a striking object. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FOllTHCOMING EVENTS. July 21. — Meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society's Committees and National Carnation and Picotee Society's Show, both at Drill Hall, West- minster, lecture by Mr. G. Hunt on "Horticul- ture in, and the Flora of. New Zealand ; Tibshelf Rose Show. July '22 — Newcastle (three days), Cardiff (two days), and Glasgow and West of Scotlaiid Pansy Shows. .luly 2,3. — St. Ives and Selby Flower Shows. July 29. — Chesterfield Horticultural Show. August 3. — Basingstoke, Newbury, SheflSeld, (iranthani, Lichfield, and Headiiigton Horticultural Shows. Royal Hoptieultural Society.— The next meeting of the above society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, West- minster, on Tuesday next, the 21st inst. , from 1 to O p.m. In connexion with this meeting the National Carnation and Picotee Society will hold its annual show. Instead of the subject previously announced, the lecture will be on "Horticulture in, and the Flora of, New Zealand," by Mr. G. Hunt. Rose Frau Karl Druschki. — The twelve blooms of this beautiful Rose tiom Messrs. 1>. R. Cant and Sons, The Old Rose Gardens, Col- chester, were a conspicuous feature in the show of the Richmond Horticultural Society on .July l,and deservedly won the first prize. In our report this prize is stated to have been gained by another exhibitor, which is a mistake. Lecture on Hardy Irises.— A most interesting lecture was given upon Irises at the last meeting of the Roj'al IloitiLullural Society by Miss Arniitage, and Mr\ Caparue was also to have lectured uporr the same subject, but his notes will appear iu the society's journal. We hope to reprint the lectures when they are published. Glasgow Rose SllOW.— Just as we were going to press we receivcil a wire from our corre- spondent at the Glasgow lluse Show, giving the prize winners in the leading classes. Messrs. Harkness and Co., Hitchin, wer-e first in the class for thirty-six blooms (distinct), and Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, the Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, were second. Messrs. Alexander Dickson and | Sons, Newtownards, were first for forty-eight blooms ; and Messrs. Harkness and Co. were again first for thirty-six blooms (trebles). A first prize for thirty-six blooms (distinct) was won by Messrs. Townsend and Sons, Worcester. Mr. George Prince, Longworth, Berks, was the chief prize winner in the classes for Teas and Noisettes. Competition was strong in the leading classes, and a splendid show resulted. We shall give a full report next week. Bamboos flowering.— The following note, which appears in Indian Plantimj and G'ardeninij, will doubtless be read with interest : " With reference to the flowering of the Bamboos and their alleged death in consequence of the pro- duction of seed, we append an extract from an official report drawn up by Major-General C. B. Lucie-Smith, when Deputy Commissioner of tie Chanda district, in the Central Provinces of India, a tract of country some 10,00U S(iuare miles in extent, over more than half of which in IStit) the forest rolled league upon league, one mighty wave of trees and Bamboos. General Lucie-Smith was for some years in the West Indies and South America, but he never heard that the Bamboos growing in those countries died after flowering. ' The uses of the Bamboo,' he wrote, ' are almost infinite, and it could probably be the least spared by the people of all the products of the forest. It is of two kinds — the common and the Kutung Bamboo. The first grows in all light soils, and in each clump there will be one or two canes which shoot up above the others, with only a small hollow at the core, being the male Bamboo, so prized for the shafts of hog-spears. The Kutung is much larger than the common species, attaining a height of (iu feet, with a corresponding thickness of stem, and grows chiefly on the banks of streams. In the Khalsa country it is found principally iu the dense Mohurlee forest, but the Zeniindarees have it in great abundance. During the rains the young cane shoots from the ground, and being then tender, though of considerable thickness, are boiled and eaten by the Gouds. It seeds at irregular* intervals, and the produce is carefully collected for food. With the effort the Kutung dies, and people of all classes believe that seeding only lakes place during years of scarcity. My own ex- perience is, that in each year since 1864, various clumps of Kutung have seeded in succession.'" Spiraea ariaefolia.- Introduced in I827 fronr North-West America, this flowering shrub has become very popular iu this country, and in the t-hrubbery there are few more beautiful subjtcts at the present lime. Though the colour of the flowers is sometimes described as a dirty white, the term creamy white would seem more applicable, and these are produced in large panicles so freely as almost to hide the foliage. This Spir;ea forms a spreading bush S feet to 10 feet in height, and requires little attention, but the current season's growth must be pruned away. Considering the ease with which it can be cultivated, and that it is happy in almost any soil or situation, it is assuredly a shrub worth including in all gardens, large or small. — A. E. Thatcher. Swanley Horticultural College.— To-day (Saturday) the Lady Frances Balfour will present the prizes to students at the above college who have been successful during tlie past term. The Hon. Sir John Cockburn, K.C.M.G., will take the chair at four o'clock. Trains leave Victoria at 12.50 and 2.42 for Swanley Junction. Visitors are especially requested to arrive by the early train, so as to have time to inspect the college. South Bank, Colonial Branch (West Bank), and grounds. The college is li miles from the Swanley .Junction Station on theSouth-Eastern and Chatham Railwaj-. Carriages will meet the trains. Return trains leave Swanley at 4.43 and (i, arriving at Victoria at o.3(i and 0.37 respectively. Pavetta eaffpa.— Introduced from South Africa about eighty ytars ago, this flowering shrub (which succeeds best in a warm greenhouse) is rarely seen, though it is decidedly ornamental. It forms a neat-gr'owing, freely-br-anclied bush, clothed with smooth obovate leaves, while the terminal clusters of flowers, which ar-e borne in compact rounded heads, are while, with lung \ July 18, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 89 prominent stamens. It flowers at this season, and is not at all difficult to cultivate if potted in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, the peat pre- dominating. Being a native of Caffraria, it needs a little more heat than plants from the southern portion of Cape Colony. It, will flower well when little more than a foot, high, hut is said to reach three times that height. Under the name of Pavetta borbonica, a ver}' ornamental, tine-foliaged stove plant has been long grown in gardens, but it is very ([uestionable if it is a Pavetta. It has, however, I believe, not yet flowered in this country, and until it does so this name must suffice. In general aspect it somewhat resembles an Aralia, the long narroiv leaves being dark green studded with white spots, while the midrib is of a bright salmon hue. This Pavetta requires a stove for its succes^^ful culture. — T. Achimenes tubiflora. —This is widely removed from the generally cultivated varieties of Achimenes, as, in the first place, it forms a firm tuber-like root instead of the small scaly ones of the other sorts ; it also pushes up a stem 18 inches to 2 feet high, the upper portion of which boars several large white flowers. Individually these are long-tubed, with the expanded mouth about 1| inches across, and of the purest white. Eight or ten flowering spikes form a most attractive group, especially when associated with some low- growing subjects that are overtopped by the flower-bearing portion of the Achimenes. It is a native of Buenos Ayres, and has been long known iu gardens, but is cultivated only to a small extent. The name of Gesnera tubiflora is sometimes given to it. IXOPa GOCCinea lutea.— In the days when specimen Ixoras used to figure largely at the different summer exhibitions this form (now flowering in the stove portion of the T range at Kew) would have been eagerly sought after, owing to the distinct colour of the blossoms. It is a variety of the olii and well-known Ixora coccinea, but dift'ers from the type in the flowers being of a very pleasing shade of soft yellow, without even a suspicion of the salmon tint which occurs in so many Ixoras. One scarcely longs for the large formal ,-pecimens of bygone days, but at the same time neat little bushes of Ixoras in pots (3 inches to 8 inches in diameter form, when studded with their clusters of bright-coloured blossoms, an attractive feature in the stove. — H. P. Flowers that attract butterflies. An en(juiry is made on page 4'M for the names of plants which are noted for attracting butterflies (not white ones) in late summer. I do not know of anything as certain as Sedum spectabile, when in bloom, to have a number on or about it on a fine day. Red Admirals, also Peacocks and Tortoise- shells— but Red Admirals in particular — seem to be specially fond of the heads of flowers, on which they rest with their wings opened flat, seemingly in complete enjoj'ment of surishine and nectar. The plant is easily grown, and effective both in and out of bloom, compact of habit, and unless drawn up into weak growth in a shady place, never un- tidy, so that apart from its speciality as a butterfly collector it deserves to be seen more often than it is. — C. ScKASE Dukins. Hollyhocks and the disease.— Last year I wrote a short letter on Hollyhocks and the Hollyhock disease, setting forth m}' own theory that the latter was, to a certain extent, caused by over manuring. My subsequent experience may be of interest to your readers. The plants here having been pronounced by a good authority (Mr. Woodall) to be infected with the disease, I told the gardener to burn them all. This he did, but forgot some on a side border which were not apparently infected. We then proceeded to sow some fresh seed from .Sutton. This, in due course, germinated. When the leaves of the seedlings developed they, too, appeared covered with the disease. Could it have been left in the air ? These again I told the gardener to burn. He asked to be allowed to keep them till this spring, and in the meantime burned all the old ones from the side border. He then syringed the seedlings with the usually prescribed remedies and pulled off all the diseased leaves, with the result that by Easter they were more diseased than ever. I then ceased to take any further interest in the matter, and the gardener planted out the diseased plants in a corner of the shrubbery which we had recently reclaimed from nettles, and which, turning out to have been an old ash tennis court, consisted entirely of ashes and sand. .Judge of my astonishment a few days ago at finding the plants growing vigorously and appearing perfectly free from age -.} ) TuLiPA MAOROSPEILA (Baker).— All old and valued garden plant with flowers of sweet fragrance. It grows 18 inches high, and is mainly of gesneriana shape and habit, the petals light reddish scarlet, darker exter- nally, forming a deep cup - shaped flower when expanded. The inner basal colouring is black, five sided, and edged with old gold as a dividing colour. Though an old plant it is one of the best late- flowering Tulips, remarkably hardy and vigorous, and growing well in even the poorest soil. One can leave it for years undisturbed, and though it will not increase after the fourth or fifth year on the same site, it will not deteriorate. I have never seen this plant sutter from any disease. Its flowers last long in good con- dition, and their bright colour, pleasing .shajie, and sweet fragrance should recommend them to the planter. Several colour forms are grown, but they are not distinct " break.s," merely shade varia- tions, which may or may not be consistent under varying conditions of soil and cli mate. CYPRIl'EDinM SPKfTAlULE (THE MOC\SSIN Fl.OWER OF NORTH AMERICA). (Itediiced.) quite weatherproof. At the Temple show of 1902 someone who thought its name had been misspelt altered the label t(j T. mooriana, and the species will be found recorded among plants that there received an award of merit under the name of T. luooriann. T. Alaxiviowkz'ii (Regel) is a species from Bokhara, coloured a purplish red with scarlet shading, basal blotch dark. It is very close in size and habit to T. linifolia and T. wilsoniana, and may be similarly grown. T. inaleolens is a European species of no garden value. T. inicheliana, a new species from Eastern Europe, has stout steins above a foot hij,h, leaves lined and flecked as in T. Greigi, but some- times simply glaucous, flowers thin, jietals very broad at the base, coloured reddish scarlet with a large ill-defined brown or black ba.sal blotch, which runs halfvN'ay up the petal. The flowers lack refinement, but with a little trouble seedlings could be reared from the few nice- flowered forms that are found in imported plants collected wild and thus establish a better garden type. The leafage and stout stems are tho.se of T. Greigi, but the flowers are little better in character than large T. i/iontana, the "undesirable" among Tulips. T. micheliana flowers in April, cultivation as for 2'. Greigi. T. montana (Lind.) is a variable plant found on muuntain ranges of (South - Eastern Europe ; its chief home is Persia. It is a dwarf plant, with i)ale scarlet lanceolate petals almost entirely yellow externally, the outer ones being considerably longer than the inner ones. The basal colouring is a mixture of yellow and black, invariably ill- defined, and generally reaching half- way up the petal. Its garden value is slight, and it is described here because amateur collectors holiday making in its country often bring it home with them as a souvenir. April; grows anywhere. T. iritida. — A small flowering Bokhara species, newly introduced, resembles T. Korolkowi very closely. It has very slender leaves, dwar*' July 18, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 41 scarlet - vermilion Howers with black basal colouring. It was introduced in l!)0-2, and one year's cultivation is insufficient to deter- mine its value as a garden plant, esjiecially as but ■) per cent, of its bulbs as collected have flowered. G. B. Mallett. (I'o he continued.) TREES AND SHRUBS. CYTISUS SCOPARIUS VAR. ANDKEANUS FAILING. 1HAVE read the recent notes about the failure of this plant in two very different kinds of soil with regret, and everj'one will agree that it is a great pity such a handsome flowering shrub as this should not thrive. The fault, however, lies mainly in the method of propagation, which is performed either by means of cuttings, grafts, or seeds for this plant as for the various other hardy forms of Cytisus and Genista. When raised from cuttings C. s. var. andreanus and C. purgans have the habit of suddenly going off sooner or later, usually within the first four years of their existence. All the other hardy Cytisuses, as far as I know, make good plants without any signs of weakness when raised from cuttings, notably C. priccox (C. albus X C. purgans), which, from its hybrid origin, one would think would be the first to fail. The exact cause of the failure of plants raised from cuttings of the two mentioned above I am unable to say, but if they are examined the roots will be fovmd springing from around the foot of the cutting, the callus not extending under the base, leaving the central pithy part entirely unprotected. Probably this is the cause of failure, as 1 have found plants with the stem entirely rotted, while the roots are sound. The moisture seems to strike upwards through the plant, rotting the stem, and causing it to go off sooner or later. By grafting C. s. var. andreanus on stocks of C. scoparius plants are obtained which usually do well, though they are sometimes attacked bv a fungus, which is, I believe, principally caused by taking the scions from an unhealthy plant rather than being characteristic of it when grafted, as, on the whole, it does fairly well when worked. Propagation by seeds is a rather trying task with this plant, as being a sport — though a natural one — it; does not come true from seed, though if the matter were taken up in a proper manner I do not see why one could not raise it true from seed. As matters are now seedlings are very variable, a large percentage being of the true C. scoparius, while of the remainder probably not 5 per cent, will be true andreanus, but vary between the two, having, as a rule, dirty brown markings and very loose flowers. Bag-ihot, Surni/. J. Clark. THE FLOWER GARDEN. MULCHING TUFTED PANSIES. OFTEN regarded as unsuitable to hot L and dry gardens are Tufted Pansies, I but this is not so. I have in my ' mind at the moment a garden in which the Tufted Pansies are grown quite freel}', and this same garden is in a position where the plants are exposed to the sun from early morn until evening. The garden is also on a hillside, and any rain that may fal' is of comparatively small benefit, owing to the character of the soil as well as the apparently unsatisfactorj' position of the beds and borders devoted to the plants. The grower, fortunately, is an enthusiast, and has overcome the difficulties of situation, &c. He is a great believer in deep cultivation, and not only does he deeply till the soil, but manures it very freely also. His plants in consequence have a free root run, and the soil is also kept moist. He pins his faith, however, very largely to a thorough system of mulching the beds and borders. The mulching material is applied quite early in the summer, as a matter of fact before the really hot weather arrives. A small quan- tity of loam is added to a large amount of horse manure, and the latter is prepared as for a Mush- room bed, and before doing so is carefully broken up and repeatedly turned over. In this way excellent mulching material is made, and this is worked well into the collar of each plant. The surface of the beds and borders is also dressed with the same preparation. By these means the roots are kept cool and moist and the plants thrive luxuriantly. The mulch is not in the least unsightly, and after a few days assumes the normal appearance of the garden soil. Long before the flowering season is over the beds are covered with growth. D. B. C. HARDY LADY'S SLIPPERS. Few hardy plants are more a-t atmosphere by sj'ringing and free veiili- lation. Slugworms are objectionable pests, and when they attack Cherry trees soon make short woik of the foliage if not promjitly checked. Two or three flustings of lime repeated at intervals of n few daj's will generally rid the trees of the trouble. The exudation of gum, so commo;i amongst Cherries, may be traced to a variety of causes, including bruises, bail union of stock and =cion, unripened wood, imperfect drainage, over-pruning, and the absence of some essential element in the soil, generally lime. It will be seen then that to a certain extent it is in the hands of the cultivator to avoid gumming by care in the handling of trees and the preparation of the soil. As a remedv surface-dressings of lime in some form aic good, and maintaining a free growth by adequate feeding. G. H. HOU.INCIWORTII. hardy Geraniums is tried it should be done in spring just after the plants have begun growing. Another species. Gem Ilium anjeii/cum, a deservedly popular plant, is one of the most delightful of the whole genus, and has been very good with me this year. It attracts the attention of even the most unobservant visitors, not because its blossoms are of brilliant colouring, but from the fact that the whole plant is so neat in appearance. The tufts of silky, silvery leaves, surmounted by the rose-coloured flowers, are most attractive, and it is one of ihe choicest gems for the rock garden with which I am acquainted. Arthur R. Goodwin. NOTES FROM SCOTLAND. There has been not a little grumbling about the want of Cauliflowers, accentuated, as it has been, by late Broccoli having turned in earlier than usual, so that during the month of .Tune theie was a regrettable gap in the supply. Much of the loss and dissatisfaction might have been discounted if, instead of Early London being solely cultivated in - o:* *< NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS. ANEMONE PuLYANTHES. SOMEWHAT in the way of the European A. narcisslHora, but of more robust habit, the Himalayan many- flowered Anemone is a common plant in Ka.'^hrair and Sikkim at elevations of 10,000 feet and 12,000 feet. It is usually found growing in moist shady j)laces. A similar position should be selected for it in the lock garden, where it occupies a foremost place among the choicest plants. Though introduced over half a century ago it is still an nncommon plant in gardens. The large white flowers are some- times 2 inches in diameter, and borne in compound umbels of often twenty flowers on stout petioles exceeding 1 foot in height. An additional attraction is the silky appearance of the whole plant, which is covered -with silky hairs. The illustration shows a plant growing on the north side of a stone in the rock garden at Kew. W. Irving. THE RARE ANEMOXE POLYANTHUS IX THE ROOK GARDEN AT KEW. THREE HARDY GERANIUMS. Geranium sessiliflorcm at Bitton. — Nearlj' fifty species of hardy Geraniums are to be found mentioned in the " Kew Hand List,'' and even these are but a tilhe of the hardy members of this genus of it is given in Hooker's "Handbook of the New Zealand Flora," page .31). It seems to prove hardy at Bitton, and appears to flourish in just such a position as suits the little Erodium chamiedryoides. I do not think that it is in commerce, but seed ought to be obtainable from one or other of the New Zealand seedsmen. Geranium snhcauk'^cen.'i. — I noticed this bright little plant in flower on the rock garden at Kew at the end of last month, and mention it here because its merits must be unknown to many amateurs, or else it would surely be more cultivated. Many of these hardy Geraniums are difficult to propagate as they have a tendency to form but one root-stock ; it is almost impossible to divide successfully. Neither do cuttings meet with success because the shoots sent up are usually only flowering stems, which refu.se to root. Fortunately, many of the species seed pretty freely, and this is the case with the plant under notice : but to ensure success I find that the seed should be sown as soon as possible after it is gathered. G. subcaulescens has roundish, downy leaves divided into five segments : the flowers are rosy violet with veins of a darker colour. It is well worth a sunny position in the rock garden in sandy loam. If division of these many gardens, one of the early-forcing varieties had been substituted, and the seeds sown under glass in January instead of the autumn. It is seldom that late Broccoli and one of these early Cauliflowers fail to overlap, but this 3'ear we had the interval of a week between the end of the first-named and the commencement of the other. Large and beautiful heads of Methven's strain are being cut. The plants are much more robust than some of the earlj'-forcing sorts, and only slightly later. In your report of the York Gala a slight mistake was made in describing the New Apricot-coloured Carnation Francis Samuelston as a tree. By the courtesy of the raiser I had three small plants in spring, which show none of the characteristics of the tree section. In addition to its glorious colour the plant is quite upright in habit, very floriferous, and, as twenty- two shoots are ready to laj'er, also free of increase. In grass and growth it is, indeed, similar to Mephisto. I have another variety from the same raiser, apparently from the same seed-pod, as it is in all respects similar, save in colour, which is brick red. It is named Muriel Samuelston. I anticipate that both sorts will become popular 44 THE GARDEN. [July IS, 1903. garden varieties, though, judging from the many failures in constitution that have occurred in the past with new varieties, time is necessary to determine that. Fruit and Flowers at Nbwbyth. It is seldom that really good Strawberries can be gathered off plants of Royal Sovereign in the garden here, the soil being light. My own expe- rience points to the conclusion that it is at to grow only as a forcing variety. Yet at Newbyth, Sir David Baird's place, it produces enormous crops ot magnificent fruits. Mr. Thomson told me, when lately I called to see some of the good things in the garden there, that he had gathered as early as June 18 from plants set out last September, ihese were producing finer fruits, bat two year ok! plants were carrying the larger crop. Newbyth has long been noted for its superior hardy truits. Peaches in the open being particu- larly well done. This 3 ear they are, unfortunately, a comparative failure. Enormous quantities of hardy flowers are cultivated in the borders alongside the walks in the kitchen garden, rendering that generally prosaic enclosure gay and always pleasant to ramble through. A distinct and pretty strain of Sweet William is largely culti- vated, and is attractive and sweet. P>" "• ^• said of quite a number of our popular Hybrid fine examples of Emilie Gonin, Muriel Grahame, Perpetuals ; but I should not discard them on that and Horace Vernet. F'ive splendid flowers in account. The colour is blush white with the Messrs. R. Harkness and Co.'s exhibit, which delicate pink shading of the Celestial Rose, the \ secured the first prize for forty-eight distinct latter a near relation to Maiden's Blush. I am confident that we do not obtain half the beauty that is possible with these Hybrid Perpetuals. Let them be treated as 3-feet to i-feet pillars, and see how beautiful and showy they will become. The growths may be pruned irregularly, some being left 1 foot long, others li feet, others 2 feet, and so on, and a pillar of blossom is the result. Philomel. varieties, are specially worthy of mention. They were Lady Clanmorris, Liberty, Captain Hayward, and Marquise Litta. For eight distinct varieties, three blooms of each, Mr. George Mount was easily first with a magnificent box, which was quite a centre of attraction. The varieties were Mildred (Jrant, Bessie Brown, Frau K\rl Drufchki, Mrs. \V. J. Grant, Ulrich Brunner (very well shown), Caroline Testout, Mrs. J. Laing, and Marchioness of Londonderry. The class for Twelve New Roses brought a capital exhibit from Messrs. B. R. ROSE GARDEN, ROSE VISCOUNTESS FALMOUTH (H.T.). ONE of the first of the late Mr. Bennett's results in cross- fertilising the Rose was the above. Though a fairly good variety it never made many friends in this country, prob- ably because, with others, it was introduced with rather a flourish of trumpets. The first few Mr. Bennett sent out were decidedly disappointing, although how far they were used in producing the splendid results of his later efforts no one probably will ever know. I do not suppose there is now an English catalogue that conta^ins the name ot Viscountess Fal- mouth, but it is found in many foreign ones. The flowers are of a rich rosy red colour, and are very large when well grown. The form is globular, the blooms being fairly full and very sweet- scented. It is a useful variety for winter blooming, as is Duke of Connaught, another variety . . of the same year (1880). Mr. Bennett said he In the premier class for seventy -two varieties. ROSES AT WOLVERHAMPTON. \ Although the eff'ects of the season were plainly 1 visible on many of the blooms, several very fine j Cant and Sons. In this exhibit one flower— I refer boxes were staged at this show on the 7th inst. 1 to Prince de Biilgarie— probably attracted more attention than any other variety. The outer petals are of a rich orange colour, the centre suffused with intense salmon - pink. Its fragrance also is delicious. Mme. Jean Diipuy may be summed up as a pink Francisea Kruger, and one can only hope that it will grow as well as does this latter. Frau Peter Lambert did not appear to me to be nearly so s-hapely as Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, although stated to be a pink form of this variet}'. Edmorid Deshayes was also shown, but did not strike me as being distinct enough to be wanted. In the class for nine dis- tinct varieties of Teas and Noi- settes, to be staged in vases, seven blooms of each, Mr. G. Piince had a beautiful exhibit, which easily gained the first prize. The varie- ties, which were tastefully staged on black velvet, were Innocente Pirola, Souv. d'un Ami, Souv. de S. A. Prince, Marie van Houtte, Medea (extiemely beautiful), Hon. E. Gifford, Mme. de Walteville, Maman Cochet, and White Mamau Cochet. An extremely interesting class is that for twelve dark Roses, and here Mr. Mount again won with a superb box of Liberty, beating several exhibitors who had relied upon A. K. Williams. In the class for twelve light Rases, Mr. G. Prince carried all before him with Mildred Grant, while Messrs. Townseiid were st'cmd with Bessie Brown, both verj' fine exhibits. A. R. G. ROSE viscountess FALMOUTH. Hall DAFFODILS FROM SEED. I HAVE just read the Rev. S. E. Bourne's very excellent little Ijook on Daffodil culture, "The Book of the Daffodil," which is practically a reprint of a paper read by him at the Drill April, 1000, with some additions. 01 tne same yearvioou;. i>±i. ueuucuu oaiu uc ^^ "■■= [^.c,.i.^. ^.»»» .«. „.,.„...j .... , _„.- — ,:■"',. n t^ h feet. This height permits an average man to gather the fruit without inconvenience and with far greater despatch than when nets have to be removed and re- placed. Unless the Strawberry quarter is fairly large it hardly jiays to put up a protection of this de- scription. When very early fruits are desired, for instance, from plants upon a narrow south Ijorder, a low wooden framework, over which canvas blinds are rolled, hastens the ripening of the fruits very con- siderably, and the same framework may be covered with netting later in the season when the Strawberries are ripening. When they have to be sent long distances Strawberries should be gathered early in the morning when they are cool, and as all those will know who send Strawberries by rail or road the fruit must not be touched with the hand if they are to reach their destination in the best possible condition. All hand- ling should be done by means of the stalk, and this is not difficult if the fruit is first gathered with a good stalk. Packed singly in a Straw- berry leaf and placed closely to- gether in square shallow boxes, i-everal of which are finally tied together, holding one layer only, and divided into four compartments, they will travel well. Line the interior of the box with Vine leaves (preferably young ones, gathered from a Vine out of doors) so as to ensure a soft base. It is a good plan to have a few Vines out of doors, simply for the production of leaves; for packing Strawberries, Peaches, Nectarines, etc., they are invaluable. Some varieties travel much better than others, and it is as well to bear this in mind when growing Strawberries to be sent a longdistance. The fruits of some are so soft that it is next to impossible to ensure their delivery in good condition after a journey by train. Sir .Josejih Paxton is a good variety to send long distances, as also are Royal Sovereign and President. Countess is another variety safe to pack, and one that is not nearly so widely grown as it should be. It is a large, brightly-coloured, handsome fruit, wedge-.shaped usually, and has a distinct and aronjatic Havour peculiar to none other. The plants grow well and bear fruit freely if given good cultivation. Countess Strawberry is one of the oldest varieties, but we seldom hear it .spoken of and very rarely is it exhibited. Royal Sovereign seems to have eclipsed several really good sorts that formerly were widely grown, and this is a pity, because there are .several Strawberries of much better flavour than Royal Sovereign. The days of quality rather than quantity seem to have passed away. Formerly cultivators were content with a fair crop, but liked to have their Strawberries of the best quality. Nowadays it is quantity that must be had, quality is a secondary consideration, and so a variety like Royal Sovereign holds the field. La Grosse Sucree is an excellent Strawberry in most gardens, but is rather too soft to travel reiUy well. Sir Charles Napier may be re- commended to those who like a sharp flavoured fruit ; it is firm, and travels well. It is not advisable to gather Strawberries when they are wet, for then they bruise so much more easily, and it is most difficult to pack them safely. From time to time there has been much discussion as to what is the proper number of SOCIETIES. SUTTON KOSE SHOW. On the whole there was a very good exhibition on the 4th inst. in the grounds of Manor Park School. The committee and Mr. Nightingale deserve congratulations on the success of their etfurts, and Ihe day proved ideal for an event of this kind. The sale of Bowers in aid of the funds of the Cottage Hospital, and a pastoral play, are two features of the occa- sion to which allusion should he made. Division .\.— Open to all .\m.\tkcks. The first class on the schedule (the Coronation Cup class) required a dozen flowers in distinct sorts, and Mr. A. Tate's set from his extensive collection at Downside, Leatherhead, was first, though Mr. E. B. Lindsell made a really good bid for the leading honours, which he must have missed by only a few points. The third place out of five entries fell to Mr. E. M. Eversfleld with small flowers. For two dozen blooms, Mr. Lindsell staged the best, though these were below the average in ciuality of the foregoing twelve ; Mr. A. Slaughter was second with a very poor lot; and the third prize went to Colonel T. H. Pitt. Kor eighteen varieties Mr. Tate beat .Mr. E. .M. Eversfleld, and .Mr. G. U. Baxter followed third. Messrs. Tate and Lindsell were placed in this order tor the eight distinct trebles, the two sets making a favourable show, and magnittcent samples were seen of Bessie Brown. Five competitors staged each a dozen Teas and Noisettes in Class.!, Rev. F. R. Burnside leading against Mr. Tate, second; Mr. Eversfleld, third. STRAWBERRY "LEADER IN A MIUDLESE.X GARDEN. years to keep a plantation of Strawberries. Some used to advocate two years, some three, while some advised destroying the plants after the first year's crop was gathered. It is, I think, generally admitted now that Strawberry plants produce the best fruits when one and two years old, but that in the third year a greater quantity of fruits is obtained, but they are much smaller ; they are just as sweet however. The third year's crop is valuable for preserving, and those who make use of Straw- berries for this purpose should certainly keep their plants three years. The other illustration given of a plantation of the variety Leader, shows how well this old Strawberry fruits, and that its value is still recognised by some at least of our cultivator.s. The photograph from which this illustration was made was taken in a Middlesex garden, near London, so that it has an additional interest in showing what are practically town- grown Strawberry plants. A. P. H. Division B.— Growers op Less than 1,00J Plants. In the sixth class nine distinct blotmis were required, and Mr. J. T. Thompson arranged a highly creditable selection, the second place falling to Mr. G. II. BiXter ; Mr. E. Wilkins was third. For the four distinct, in trebles. Mr. Thompson was first, ilr. Baxter being a good second, ami Mr. Wilkins again came third. This was one of the best classes for quality of blooms in the exhibition. In Division C, for a collection of garden Roses, there were no entries. Division D.— Nckservmen's Open Class. A brilliant array of flve separate entries was furnished under Class ID for thirty-six varieties, the first prize falling to .Messrs. D. Prior and -Son with generally very good flowers ; Messrs. R. Harkness and Co. of Hitchia were second ; and the third award fell lo Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons won premier place for the twenty-four distinct, having capital Roses. Second out of flve came Messrs. Prior and Son. ^lessrs. R. Harkness and Co. were third. Messrs. F. Cant and Co. led for the twelve Teas and Noisettes, and Messrs. Prior were again second. Slessrs. Paul and Son, of Cheshunt, followed third. Division E.— Local Cl.isses. Tlie competition in this section was moderate, but some good and well set up flowers were on view. The leading awards were taken by E. J. Holland, Esq., for twelve blooms 60 THE GARDEN. [Ji'LY 18, 1903, Hn nine varifties. Second, A. E. Farnden, Esq. Mrs. West Ihaii the liest nine distinct, and was second to E. J. Holland, lEsci., for six Teas. K. H. Gifford, Esq., had the best half- d. zen of one variety with Mrs. Laing, and E. E. Grimson, Esq., came next with the same variety. K. Gilford, Esq., Again won for the six distinct sorts in class 17. ROYAL HOETICULTUEAL .SOCIETY. Orchid Committee. Present : H. J. Little, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J O'Brien, D. B. Crawshay, H. T. Pitt, VV. B ixall, M. Gleeson, W. H. Young, E. Bill, U. A. Tracy, W. H. White, and H. A WIriey. , ^ ^ At the tail end of the season one does not expect to see many Orchids, neither were they strongly represented on this occasion. The only group shown was from Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. This was chierty notice- able for the hybrid Liclio-Oattleyas, which diltered con- siderably in form as well as colour, the most attractive plants being Lselio-Cattleya Martinet!, L.-C. Martineti splendidura, L.C. alro-ruhens, L.-C. canhamiana, C. Mossiie reineckiana, and Oncidium m .cranthum. From Mr. W. H. Young, Orchid grower to Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, came a nice little display of cut Sobralias, which included Wigania-, S. Veitchii aurea, S. niacranlha, S. saiieuinea, and S. xanlholeuca, with a nice form of Cypripedium Godefioyic leucochilum. A small group of Aiiiclochili came from Messrs. W. Bull and Sons, Chelsea, which were well grown and staged with appropriate foliage. Fruit and Vegetable Committee. Present: George Bunyard, Esq. (chairman), Messrs. J. Cheal, W. Bates, S. Mortimer, Alex. Dean, T. Ooomber, C. G. A. Nix, James Smith, V. L. Lane, G. Wythes, J. H. Veitch, A. H. Pearson, 11. Balderson, and H. Esling. The duties of this committee continue to be of a light character. On this occasion Mr. Thomas Cooniber, gardener to Lurd Llangattock, The Uendre, Monmouth, staged eighteen Queen Pines in superb condition They were of good size and splendidly finished. The same exhibitor also staged a good dish of Peaches, named Rdynia:kers, the fruits being large and well coloured. Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, sent a line fruiting specimen of White Marseilles Fig and two pot Vines, Syrian and Lady Hastings. Messrs. G. Bunyard and Co , Maidstone, made an inter- esting exhibit of Strawberries in chip baskets. The fruits were good typical specimens, beautilully packed. The varieties were President, Royal Sovereign, Trollope's Vic- toria (soft), Sir Joseph Paxton, Louis Oautier, Waterloo, Leader, Monarch, Goliath, Trafalgar, Wallruff (a nice-looking •variety), and Dr. Hogg. From Messrs. Veitch and Son, Exeter, came a good dish ■ ol Peas, called Western Express. Specimens of the growth •were also staged. The Horticultural College, Swanley, staged a few seedling "Melons and a nice dish of Lady Sudeley Apples. Mr. George Fowler, 7S, Bank Street, Maidstone, exhibited tbottling appliances, also a few examples of bottled fruits. New Fruit. $lehm President LntUjel.—A medium-sized fruit, nicely lietled, flesh scarlet, and t:t fair flavour. This was shown by Mr. J. Snell. Award of merit. Mr. Bannerman was first for any other black, and also for two bundles of Muscat of Alexandria, as well as for any other white. GOVERNMENT ENQUIRY INTO FRUIT PESTS. A PEPUTATION from the National Fruit Growers' Federation and the Hercfiirdshire Association, waited on Lord Onslow recently, for the purpose of calling his lordship's attention to the very serious losses sustained by the industry through the ravaeea of blight and insect pests, and urging him to grant a Government Enquiry into the whole subject, with a view to concerted action for their eradication. The deputa- tion was introduced by Sir James Rankin, Bart., M.P., and Colonel C. W. Long, M.P. (President of the National Iruit lirowers' Federation). Messrs. Radclitt'e Cooke, C. D. Wise, W. Home, A. Grant, H. F. Getting, and J. Riley were all present, and spoke on the subject. Sir James Rankin referred to the Bill introduced by him in the present session, which provided that all nurserymen's stock should be in- spected, and that compulsory dressing should he resorted to in their case. This Bill has been withdrawn, and there appears to be a general feeling among growers that any compulsory measure, if adopted, should be extended to orchards as well as nursery stock. The members of the deputation were, however, agreed that more information was required before legis- lation is resorted to, and they therefore pressed on the President of the Board the necessity for an otticial en(|uiry into the nature of the various orchard pests, and the extent to which they would be preventible, as well as to how compulsory dressing would be regarded by growers. His lordship said, in reply, that he quite recognised the import- ance of the subject, and was very glad to have lieard the views of the deputarion, with which he generally agreed, and promised that a Departmental Enquiry should be held, commencing work after the coming recess. HANLEY HORTICULTURAL FETE. The seventh annual show was held in Hanley Park on July 1 and 2, and was very successful, one of the best shows ever held there. Mr. Keiit, the secretaiy, deserves congratula- tions. Plants. Messrs. Cyplier, Cheltenham, were first for the large group; Mr. Viuse, Leuiiiiigton, second ; and Mr. J. Read, Bre'by Hall Ga dens, third. Mr. J. liohson, Altrincliani, had the best group of Orchids, and Messrs. Cypher were second. Messrs. Cyiiher cleared the bnard tor six specimen plants in tliiwer, six flowering and six foliage plants, eigllt Orchids, and six Palms. Roses. Messrs. Harkness and Co. won first prize in the great class for seventy-two blocuus ; Mr. George Mount. Canterbury, was second ; and Messrs. G. and W. Burch, Peterborough, third. For forty-eight blooms, distinct : The King's Acre Nursery Company ,'llereford, were first ; Messrs. Burch were second ; and Mr. G. .Mount, third. Messrs Harkness were first for thirty-six blooms (trebles); second, Messrs. Burch ; third, Mr. G. Mount. Twelve blooms, distinct : First, Messrs. Jarman and Co., Chard ; second, Me.^srs. Townsend and Sou ; third, Mr. W. H. Frettingham. Twelve blooms (one variety): First, The King's Acre Nursery Company, Hereford ; second, Messrs. Townsend and Sims; third, .Mr. G. Mount. Messrs Townsend were first for garden Roses ; The King's Acre Company, second. Messrs. Haikne=s were first for a collection of hardy flowers with a brilliant display ; second, Messrs. Gibson and Co., Bedale : third, Mr. J. H. White, Worcester. Fruit. Mr. Jordan, Impney Hall Garo'ens, Droitwich, was first tor the decorated dessert table (1144 points) ; second, Mr. Goodacre (110 points) ; thi'd, Mr. J. Read (89 points). Twelve dishes of fruit : First, Mr. Jordan ; second, Mr. McPherson ; third, Mr. Goodacre. Mr. T. Bannerman was first for six dishes of fruit ; Mr. J. Read, second ; and Mr. Nicholls, third. Mr. Nicholls was victorious for his bunches of Grapes of both black and white; Mr. J. Read was second : Mr, Good- acre third. Mr. A. 11. Hall won for two bunches of black jlamburgli ; Mr. Goodacre, second ; and .Mr. Nicholls, third. ROSE EXHIBITION AT REGENT'S PARK. In the collection of growing and cut Roses which Messrs. William Paul and Son, of Waltham Cross, had on view at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, from June 30 to July 4, we noticed the following excellent introductions of the firm, which are sure to be found in all good collections. First to attract our notice was the beautiful ChameU'in, a flower remarkable for its colouring. As seen here it gave us the impression of being an Anna Olivier with a very heavy brownish led blotch at the ba-e of each petal, and when shown in masses the effect was most telling, as doubtless it will be when planted in beds. Dainty is another of the very attractive decorative Roses Messrs. 'vVilliam Paul and Son have introduced. Here we have quite a distinct shade of yellow, the prevailing hue being that of the yolk of an egg, but the edging of carmine gives the flower a very dainty appearance. EHzabetli Kitto, too, is a very lovely variety. Any Rose bearing a resemblance to Mine. Abel Chatenay is sure to gain notice. In this case we have the charming colour of the latter, and, to some extent, the Cactus Dahlia-like formation, but the plant is of the even growth of M me. Jules Grolez. It will certainly prove one of our most useful bedding Roses. . , , Mornhig Glow is well named. The glow of the bloom is quite dazzling. A quantity grouped together in the garden would be most conspicuous. Tenniison was shown in superb form. The splendid flnish to the massive, very double flowers makes it an ideal exhibi- tor's Rose, but it is not only as an exhibitor's Rose that it will be grown. Where a dwarf bedding sort with large flowers is wanted it will be most useful. Coriynn we much admired. The warm flush of a most delicate oink shade was delightfully bnuigbt out upon the very expansive flowers, some of them being fully G inches across, and as flat as a Camellia. This, too, should be a useful bedding Rose. Biiailicea is a variety already forging ahead, and we shall not be surprised if it is seen in every prize stand next year. The rich pink colour and grand deep petals are attractive features. We are informed that this, one of .Messrs. William Paul and Son's best introductions, is also a rtne decorative garden Rose. Many other new Roses, in- cluding Corallina, the beautiful Sulphurea, the Alexandra, Salmonea, together with older varieties of the Arm's intro- ducticMi, such as Enchantress, Queen Mab, Sylph, Sappho, White Lady, Clio, Spenser, Crown Prince, Pride of Waltham, Ac, were well represented, each variety in a basket containing some 311 or 40 blooms, and it appeared to us that this was one of the most natural ways in which Roses cou'd be displayed, in order to give the public a good idea of their true decorative value. Other good new Roses were also on view, such as the superb Mildnd Grant, Frau Kirl Druschki, Soleil dOr, Robert Scott, Dr. F. Guyon, Souvenir de Pierre Notting, and in fact nearly every new Ruse of merit was exhibited here during the four days of the special show. Messrs. William Paul and Son are to t)e congratulated in bringing together and maintaining such a large collection as was here displayed, the beauty of all being much enhanced by the charming surroundings of these lovely gardens. CROYDON HORTICULTURAL SHOW. The thirty-sixth annual summer show of this society was held on July 8, and an excellent display resulted. The Roses were the best feature. Open Rose Classes. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Old Rose Gardens, Colchester, were first in the principal Rose class (forty-eight blooms, distinct), thereby winning the National Rose .Society's silver- gilt medal. They showed blooms of most uniform i|uality, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, were second , and Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colchester, were third. Most of the blooms in this class were large and good. Twenty-four Roses, distinct (trebles) ; Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons were again first ; Frau Karl Druschki was finely shown; Messrs. D. Prior and Sou, being a good second;. Messrs. Paul and Son, Cheshunt, were third. Mr. Thomas Butcher, The Nurseries, South Norwood, was first in another class for twenty-four blooms, dii-tinct ; Mr. Will 'I'ayler, Hampton, second, and Mr. E. J. Jeffeiies, West Croydon, third. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. were first for eighteen Teas (distinct), Mrs. Edward Mawley being a lovely bloom ; Messrs. Prior were second, and Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons third. Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester, were first for twelve bloimis of one variety, showing lovely B;asie B:own, a splendid lot ; Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. were second with Frau KhyI Uruschki in very good form ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and .Sons, with Her Majesty. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. were first for twelve Teas, one variety, with very good and well colouied flowers of Mrs. Mawley ; second, Messrs. D. Prior with Maman Cochet ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons with Medea. Mr. Will Tayler was first for twelve bunches of garden Rosea. There were no more exhibits in this class. Amateurs. Thirty-six blooms, distinct (challenge cup competition) ; First, Alfred Tate, Esq., Leatherhead, with a stand that con- tained some very fine blooms. This exhibit contained the best Rose in the show (Mrs. John Laing, silver-medal); second, Mrs. Hayward, Wixtdhatch Lodge, Reigate ; thiru, E. M. Crosrteld, Esq., Denne Park, Horsham. Twenty-fi)ur Roses, distinct : Kiist, Mrs. Hayward, Maman Cochet being the best ; second, E. M. Eversfield, Esq. ; third, A. Slaughter, E^q., Steyning. Eighteen Teas : First, B. M. Eversfield, Esq. ; second, Mrs. Haywood ; third, A. Slaughter, Esq. These blooms were of moderate quality only. Six blooms (trebles) : First, Mrs. Hayward ; the trio of Marchioness of Londonderry and Maman Cochet were best ; second, A. G. Hammond, Esq., Cambiian House, Burgess Hill ; third, E. M. Eversfield, E-iq. Twelve Roses, one variety : First, Mrs. Hiyward, with very good Her Majesty ; second, Keppel H Gittord, Esq., Suttou ; third, E. M. Evertfield, E.q. Twelve Roses, distinct : First, Edward Mawley, E^q., Berkhampstead, White Maman Cochet beinga lovely bloom ; second, F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Wukiiig ; third, E. M. Eversfield, Esq. Twelve Teas, distinct: First, F. Wellesley, Esq., with very good blooms ; second, E. il. Eversfield, E-iq. ; third, A. Slaughter, Esq. Local Rose Classes. Twelve Roses, distinct : First (challenge howl tor the year and the National Rose .Society's silvei-gilt medal), F. W. Amsden, Esq., 22, Chichester Road ; second, C. B. Crisp, Esq., Chichester Road. Six H. P. Roses, distinct : First, C. T. Moon, Est). , Campden Road ; second, F. W. Amsden, E q. Six Teas, distinct : First, Miss Thrale, Shirley Hurst, Shiiley. 'This stand contained the best bloom (.Mrs. Edward Mawley) in tlie local classes, which was given a silver medal. Miscella.neous. The first prize for table decoiattons was won by Miss Edith M. Robinson, Hillside, Purley, with elegantly arranged Pink Carnations and Gypsophila. Tweiity-f<)Ur bunches Sweet Peas : First, Mr. W. Lintott, The Gardens, Marden Park ; seccuid, C. B. Ciisp, E-q., Chichester Road ; third, Miss Beckford, Oxford Hou.'e, Hants. Twelve bunches Sweet Peas : First, F. W. Amsden, Esq. Messrs. J. Laing and Son, Forest Hill, were first for group of plants, showing very well, and winning the silver- gilt medal. For a small group of plants F A. Radford, Esq., Southern- huist. South Hill Park R lad was first with a pietty tlispiay, the tuberous Begonias were excellent. The first piize for a group 10 feet by 7 feet was won by F. Link, E-q., J. P., Homedale Park Hill. It contained some splendid Gloxinias. Non-co>:i'Etitive Exhibit.s. Mr. Butcher, The Nurseries, South Norwood, showed a group of Palms and Howeiing plants ; Messrs. Cannell and Sons exhibited their brilliant Cannas ; .Messrs. J. Feed and Sons sent Sweet Peas; Messrs. J. Cheal and Sons, Crawley, hardy flowers, and Messrs. John Laing, showed hardy Howeis extensively. There were Begonias from Mr. Box, Roses from Messrs. Paul and Siui, Cheshunt, and from Messrs. Jackman, Woking, hardy flowers and Water Lilies from Mr. Amos Perry, and hardy flowers from Messrs. T. S. Ware, Limited. strawberries and Tomatoes were the chief features in the fruit and vegetable classes, while the tent devoted to the cottagers' exbiiuts was of much interest and contained excellent produce. WOLVERHAMPTON FLORAL FETE. One of tho=e circumstances over which one has no control occurred at the Wolveihampton Floral Fete on the evening of .Monday, the tith inst., when the wind rose and forced the authorities to lower all the tents. Happily, in the accident to the big marquee, wherein nearly all the main poles were broken, no one was injured ; but it was imp(>ssibie for any- thing in regard to staging to be done overnight. On the opening day of the exbibilion the tents were rapidly put up, and by nine oclock all were standing, though no staging was then erected. However, exhibitors and committee woiked with such unanimity that the judging of the Roses was commenced at 11.45 a.m., i.uily an hour and a-iiuarter after the proper time. It was in the non-competitive, the specimen plant, and group sectituis that the greatest delay occurred, and when our representative left late in the after- noon the groups for which Wolverhampton has become so July 18, 1903.] THE GARDEN. 51 famous were nut arranged, and we are forced U) omit any furlher reference to them in this report. While condoling with the managers upon the trouble wliich has come upon them, we must eongratuhite them upon the manner in wliich it was met and largely overcome. 'J'here was no Huiry or excitement, tlie work heing puslietl forward witti steady persistency. As has lieen said, the Rose section was ready for the Judges at 11.45 a.m., and the display was one of tlie Ihiest tliat has been seen this year. There were many hun- dreds of blooms staged by amateur and professional growers, and throughout there was an evenness of quality. In the amateurs' division the chief honours fell tn the Rev. J. II. Temberton, and in the nurserymen's sectiun to Messrs. R. Ilarbness and Co. Amateurs. The chief class in this division was for thirty-si.v single trusses, distinct, and the place of honour was secured by ihe Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Haveiing-atte - Bower, R'tinford, whose beautiful exhibit comprised Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawftird, Ulrich liiunner, Marchioness of Londonderry, Horace Vernet. Mrs. J. Laing, Countess of Caledon, Caroline Testout, Fraiii^uis Michelon, and Papa Lambert. Mr. R. Foley Hobbs, Worcester, was placed second, and had charming blooms of Tom Wood, Mrs. John Laing. White Maman Cochet, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Caroline Testout, Bessie Brown, and Frau Kaii Druschki amongst others. Mr. W, Boyes, Derby, was third. For si.\ blooms (trebles) the Rev. J. H. Pemberton won with Bessie Brown, Cliarles Lefebvre, Mrs. J. Lainu', A. K. Williams. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, and Caroline Testout. Mr. M. Whittle, Leicester, who was second, had Mrs. E. Mawley in grand condition. Mr. ¥. Deunison, Kenilwurth, was third. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was again first for twenty-fuur distinct. Messrs. R. Foley Ilobbs and M. Whittle were second and third. For twelve, distinct, the prize-winners were Messrs. M. Whittle, F. Oennison, ami the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, in the order in which their names are given. For twelve Teas, distinct. Miss Whittle was easily first with Bridesmaid, Medea, White Maman Cachet, The (Jueen, Mrs. E. Mawley, Piincess of Wales, Mme. Cusin, t.'omtesse de Nadaillac, and Caroline Kusler. Mr. R. Foley IJobl)S was second, and Mrs. F. A. George, Worcester, third. NURSEKYMEN. The great class of the show was that for sevenly-twn, distinct, and theie were nt) less than six competitors, of whom the Metropolitan cliampinns, Messrs. R. Harkness and Co., were placed first with a magnificent stand of fresh bright blooms. Some of the varieties best represented were Ulrich Brunner, White Lady, Charles Lamh, Papa Lambert, Marie Baumann, Mrs. J. Laing, Gustave Piganeau, Heiiirich Schultheis, Marchioness of Dutferin, E. V. Teas, Muriel Grahanie, Horace Vernet, Mrs. Harkness, Alfred Colonib, Captain Christy, Marie Verdier, Dr. iSewell, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Comtesse de Ludre, Marechal Niel, J. S. Mill, Innocente Pirola, and Mme. E. Verdier. Messrs. IJ. It Cant and Suns, Colchester, were second, some of their best blooms being A. K. Williams, Mildred Grant, Mme. Cusin, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Catherine Mermet, Ben Cant, and Souvenir d'Elise Vardon ; Messrs. D. Prior and Sons third. In the class for forty-eight, distinct, Messrs. R. Haikness and Co. were again ahead. Mildred Grant, Ulrich Brunner, Papa Lambert, star of Waltham, Her Majesty, E. V. Teas, Bessie Brown, Suzanne ilarie Rodocanachi, Mme. Delville, and Frau Karl Druschki were very fine. Mr. G. Mount was second, and Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons third. Mr. G. Mount secured the lead for eight trebles with grand examples of Mrs. W. J. Grant, Mildred Grant, Ulrich Btunner, P'rau Karl Druschki, Marchioness of Londonderry, Mrs. J. Laing. Bessie Brown, and Caroline Testout. Mr. G. Mount also won for twelve bunches of Roses, some "f the best being Captain Hayward, Liberty, Mrs. W. ,(. (^xiant, General Jacqueminot, and Ulrich Brunner. Mr. G. Piiiice was second, and the King's Acie Nurseries, Hereford, third. In the class for twelve new Roses, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons were fl st with a handsome set ; Messrs. A. Dickson and Sous, Newtownards, and Messrs. Perkins and Sons, Coventry, were second and third. For twelve dark Roses, one variety, Mr. G. Mount was first with Liberty in wonderful colour ; Messrs. D. Prior and Son second with A. K. Williams, and the King's Acre Nurseries third witli the same variety. For a light Rose Mr. G. Prince was first with superb specimens of Mildreinne Marie Rodocanachi, ilarquise Litta, and others. .Messrs. J. Townseud and Son were second, and Mr. G. Prince third, the last-named showing very strongly in both classes for Teas and Noisettes. Sweet Peas, herbaceous flowers, Pansies, and Violas were all grandly staged, while specimen plants and Begonias made a splendid sho.v in themselves. Fruits and vegetables were most creditable, some of our best growers showing in both classes. The non-competitive section was maaniflcent, and comprised practically everything that could be shown. Messrs. Webb and Sons write that they were awarded a large gold medal for their e.xhibit of Gloxinias, &c. MANCHESTER ROSE SHOW. This annual fixture fully sustained its high reputation on July 11 as one of the finest gatherings of the season. The blooms wei e considered to be quite equal to anything staged during the year. The competition also proved keen, in some classes ten entries being staged. The day proved an ideal one, warm, but sunless, the Roses were therefore attractive until closing time. Open Classes. Sixty distinctsingletrusses brought six competitors, Messrs. R. Harkuess and Co. staging the premier lot. They had fair- sized fresh blooms, the best being Corate de Raimbaud, Her Majesty, La France de 80. Gustave Piganeau, Frau Karl Druschki, Earl of Dufferin, Gladys Harkness, Mildred Granr, A. K. Williams, Bessie I'.rown, Cunite de Ludre, Maman Cochet, Mrs. John Laing, (iolden G.ite, and other? ; second, Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Suns, Limited, Newtownards, with some fine blooms of Mildred Giant, Charles Lefebvre, Duke of Wellington, A. K. Williams, and others; third, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co , Culchester. For thirty-six distinct trusses ; .Messrs. Harkness were again first, with a very fine stand ; second, Messrs. Prior and Sons, Colchester; third, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons. There were several more competitors. Twenty-four Teas or Noisettes : Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colchester, won with a fine lot, the best being Maman Cochet, Mme. de Watteville, Muriel Grahame, Etoile de Lyon, and others; seond, Mr. George Prince, Longworth, with fine bloomsof Mrs. E Mawley, White Maman Cochet, Maman Cochet, Hon. Edith Gilford, and Mme. Cusin. Messrs. Prior and Sons won the remaining award. Twelve Teas or Noisettes: Mr. G Prince led with a fine even box of varieties, already named. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. and Messrs. Piior and Sons were placed in the order named. Twelve trusses of any white or yellow Ri)se : Mr. G. Prince secured the chief honour with very fine White Mam in Cochet. Messrs. Harkness were second wiih Frau Karl Druschki ; third, Messrs. Prior with White M.iinan Cochet. Twelve single trusses any light colour : Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons won with grand blooms of Mildred Grant ; Messrs. J. Townsend and Sons, Worcester, were second with Bessie Brown ; Messrs, Frank Cant and Co. third with Mildred Giant. Twelve single trusses of any crimson : The King's Acre Nursery Co., Hereford, secured the leading award with massive blooms of .\. K. Williams; Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, was aecond with well-formed blooms of Hugh Dickson ; the remaining award went to Messrs. Prior and Son fur A. K. Williams. Amateurs. Twenty-fuur trusses, distinct : E. B. Lindsell, Esij., took the lead with a fine lot. Especially good were Ulrich Brunner, Bessie Brown, Horace Vernet. A. K. Williams, Victor Hugo, Maman Cuchet, Charles Lefebvre, and Duchess of Portland ; second, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton ; Conway Jones, Es(|., was third. Twelve distinct varieties: First, E. B. Lindsell. Es(| , with large blooms; R. Foley Hobbs, Esq., and the Rev. J. H. Pemberton second and third. Eighteen Teas or Noisettes, distinct : Conway Jones, Escj. led with fair sized pretty blooms, R. Foley Hobbs, E-xj., and Richard Park, Esii., were placed as named. Twelve Teas or Noisettes brought five competitors, the prize takers being Messrs. R. Park, Conway Jones, and E. B. Lindsell. Twelve single tru=sea of any white or yellow: First, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, with Bessie Brown in good form. F. R. Curtis, Esq., was second ; H. V. filachin, Esc]., third. Twelve blooms of any light coloured variety : R. Pirk, Esq., was first with Bessie Brown ; E. B. Lindsell, Esq., second, with large blooms of Her Majesty, and K. Foley Hobbs, Esq., third, with Bessie Brown. Twelve blooms of any crimson : First, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton with Charles Lefebvre. H. V. Machin, Esq., with Gustave Piganeau and F. R. Curtis, Esq, with t'lrich Brunner were second and third. For district grown Roses, twelve varieties, C. Burgess, Esq. was first, and R. Hall, Eiq. second ; the first and second prize winners for six being the same exhibitors. MlSCELLANEurS. For a display of Roses, Mr. J. Mattock was placed first. His exhibit compiised some lovely single vaiietits ; Messrs. J. Townsend were second with a somewhat formal display ; Mr. G. Prince third, having grand bloomsof Liberty, Mme. J. Grolez, and others. Fur the best arranged basket of Roses, AFessrs. Perkins and Sons, Coventry, won ; Mrs. J. Nixon and Miss Ada Stanley took the remaining prizes. The society's silver medal was awarded to Messrs. Alex. Dickson and Sons, Newtownards, for Mildred Grant as the best H.P. or H.T., and Mr. G. Prince had a similar award for White Maman Cochet as the best Tea or Noisette. For the best collection of Sweet Peas, Mr. Johu Derbyshire secured the silver medal for a mentoiious lot of about lUU varieties. In the class for twelve varieties the same exhibitor was first, a new variety called Dainty having a white ground with a rosy pink edse, was included. For noc less than twenty-five vaiieties, Mr. F. Smith secured the chief honour. Of non-competitive exhil)its, Messrs. Jones and Son?, Shrewsbury, were awarded the silver-gilt medal for a fine collection of Sweet Peas. Certificates of merit were awarded to Mr. W. L. Pattison for Violas; Messrs. Caldwell and Sons for Roses and herbaceous cut fioweis ; ilr. J. W.Williamson f'jr a very fine specimen of Lilium auratum ; and to Mr. J. Pilling fur Violas. At the luncheon several members of the District Council were present, and in replying to the toast of the visitors, an announcement was made that it was desired l)y the council that the gardens should remain for all time in their present form. Mr. P. Weathers, as usual, made most satisfactory arrangements both for the exhibitors and the numerous company of visitors who patroi issd the exhibition. way he talked of the plants and their habitat sat once showed his love and deep interest for them. He said that to talk of a herbaceous garden was to talk of a garden of Hower-, a garden where, from the Aconite to the Hellebore, something fresh was to be found daily. He told also what success was to be obtained by learning the natural habitats of plants atid makhig the position in the garden as like them as possible, ilake groups of this class of flowers buld and imposing. Be careful to use only the best portions of the plants for replanting. Air. Davison alsomadeallusion to the beauty of the fiuweiing shrubs. He also told of the wayside flowers and the possibilities of wuiking these up to guod. The follijwing were some uf the specimens Mr. D.ivis feet. Mr. A. C. Phiibrick, gardener to Mrs. Mashiler, Marshall s Park, Romford, had the best exhibit. The arrangement was pretty and pleasing and the plants were well disposed. Mr. H. C. Chalfe, gardener to H. B. Michell, Esq., Eastbury House, was a good second, although some of the more important points of the group were not well Hnished. The live guinea challenge cup presented by the late president was won outright on this season by Mr. W. Richardson, gardener to F. Green, Esq., Hainault Lodge, for a similar group to the last mentioned, but in this instance G feet by 5 feet. This group was well arranged with bright flowering and good quality foliage plants. Second prize was awarded to Mr. A. Higgins, Cottage Homes, Hornchurch. A decorated fireplace was an interesting class, by far the best display, winning first prize for Mr. Richardson, who had Hydrangeas, Acalypha Sanderii, Begonias, and a pleasing assortment of foliage plants charmingly disposed ; Mr. Higgins was second, and Mr. Phiibrick a good third. Cdt Flowers. Five entries for twenty-four cut Roses, distinct, made a brave display, a good lot securing first prize for Mr. G. H. Baxter, Hutton Park, Brentwood ; Miss Pemberton, Havering, was second with a good lot of blooms ; Mr. P. Perry, White Horse, South Weald, was third. Mr. G H. Baxter was the only exhibitor of twelve Tea Roses, distinct, and was awarded first prize. The three exhibits in the class for twelve bunches of Sweet Peas made a charming display, Mr. Baxter again leading ; Mr. Higgins was placed second with blooms less meritorious. Twelve bunches of cut flowers found Mr. Richardson again leading with a fair lot of flowers of a varied character ; and Mr. Chafte was second. Fruit. For the season fruit was well shown. For a collection of four distinct varieties, Mr. R. Farrance, Chadwell Heath, staged a very handsome lot, Gross Mignonne Peach, black Hamburgh Grape*. Steel's Victoria Raspberries (very good), and Latest of All Strawberries placed this exhibitor in the leading position ; Mr. W. Green, Harold Wood, was placed second. Mr. Farrance led in the class for three bunches black Grapes, and Mr. Chalfe was placed second. With a dish of crimson Galande Peach, Mr. Farrance and Mr. Green with a good and ripe Melon, secured first prize in their respective classes. In the class for three dishes of Strawberries, distinct, Mr. W. Green staged a phenomenal trio. They were indeed fine, Royal Sovereign, Dr. Hogg, and Latest of All being seen at their best. For a single dish of Strawberries Mr. Farrance led with a grand basket of Latest of All, Mr. Green being second with Dr. Hogg, and Mr. Richardson was thiid. Mr. Farrance won first prize for a dish of Gooseberries, showing Leveller ; Mr. A. C. Phiibrick being second ; and Mr. Chaffe third. The last-named led with a nice and well-flnished dish of Tomatoes ; Mr. Farrance second, and Mr. Higgins third. VegetaV)les were fairly well staged, pariicularly so in the amateurs" and cottagers' tent. The display as a whole was very encouraging to the executive, and with such a long experience it is hoped this society will have a useful future. Table decorations were beautifully arranged by Mrs. W. Green, Harold Wood, who alsp was placed first in the classes for a bouquet and button-holes. Mr. Leonard Brown, Brentwood, had a small though very charming exhibit of Sweet Peas in fine con iition, and an intereiting collection of English Irises set up with considerable tas e. ULVERSTON ROSE SHOW. On Thursday, the 9th inst., delightful weather favoured this popular event, which has now ijpcome one of the most im- portant shows in the North of England, and that chietly owing to the labours of the committee and Messrs. G. Mackerelh and G. W. Poole, the honorary secretaries. The gate money amounted to over £130. From the many shows held last week one might naturally expect a decrease in the open classes, but this was more than compensated for by the wondrous display from Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons. Newtownards, County Down and Ledbury, who swept all before them, many new seedlings figuring prominently. Oi'EN Classes. The great class in the show was for seventy-two distinct, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons staging flowers of grand sub- stance and coliiur, some of the best blooms of which were Alice Lindsell, Bessie Brown, Mrs. Conway Jones (a charming pink), Fran Karl Druschki, and Mrs. D. McKee (a bright yelluw H.T.). They also had the first prize for sixteen trebles, a most superior lot. Also in the class for thirty-six, distinct, was the same good quality shown. Marchioness of Downshire, Caroline Testout, Duchess of Westminster (a superb pink), and several seedlings telling with good effect. Mr. H. V. Machin, Woiksop, staged a smaller but effective stand, Bessie Brown, Victor Hugo, and Captain Hay ward stood out con- spicuously. For six blooms each of dark, light, and Teas, Messrs. Dickson were again first. Frau Karl Druschki, Lady Derby, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Niphetos, and Rubens were splendid. Mr. H. V. Machin was a moderate second. The class for twelve Teas or Noisettes was again a victory for Messrs. Dickson. The same firm won the National Rose Society's bronze medal fcr the best H.P., the best Rose, the best H.T., and the best Tea or Noisette, with Horace Vernet, Mildred Grant (2), and Bessie Brown, in each case being followed by Mr. Machin, who showed very well. Messrs. Dickson's stand f-tr twelve new Roses was greatly admired, and contained the following varieties: Gladys Uarkness, Countess of Annesley (the best new seedling), Alice Grahame, Frau Karl Druschki, Mrs. D. McKee, Duchess of Portland, Lady Derby, Robert Scott, Mildred Grant, and a sterling seedling. They had the finest twelve blooms of one dark and one light variety in Tom Wood and Mrs. E. Mawley ; Mr. Machin again following. Amateurs, Classes were numerous, but space will only allow of the following being dealt with, viz., the gold challenge cup class, value lo guineas and medal. Here Mr. F. W. Tattersali of aiorecanibe won for the second time with some good blooms. Mr. R. L. Garnett, Lancaster, was a close second, and the Rev. R. T. Langtree, Grange, third. The latter exhibitor had a beautiful lot in eighteen distinct. The prizes in the remaining classes were evenly distributed amoug Messrs. Machin, Midgley, Tattersali, a!id Garnett. The medal for the best dark Rose went to Mr. Machin for Gustave Piganeau ; for the best Tea to Mr. H. E.Johnson for Innocente Pirola, and for the best H.T. to Mr. Garnett for Mildred Grant. Growers of Less than 300 Plants. The Ulverston Council trophy and silver medal was won by Mr. F. J. Harrison, Ulverston, Messrs. Postlethwaite and H. E. Johnson taking many others. The Myles Woodbnrne challenge trophy, for the best bloom, was awarded to the latter gentleman with a fine Innocente Pirola. Sweet Peas. These were magnificent. The J. Towers Settle challenge trophy, value 20 guineas, also the first prize in the class for twelve, were handsomely won by Mr. M. Firth, Leicester. A 10 guinea cup for local growers, given by the same gentleman, was taken by Dr. Jackson. The Irish-grown flowers from Messrs. Alex. Dickson were noticeable for their grand colour. Messrs. Garnett and Midgley also showed well. Certificates of merit were given to Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrewsbury; Mr. R. Bolton, Carnforth, for Sweet Peas; Mr. Mawson, Windermere, for herbaceous plants; and Mr. Mackereth, for shower bouquets. WOODBRIDGE FLOWER SHOW. So strong a hold has Woodbridge Show secured in East Anglia generally that it has been for long, and is so still, a a name to conjure with. A casual visitor seeing this show for the first time has not far to go on entering the town before he sees signs of and feels the influence which has secured for this show the success it boasts of, as being the chief, the oldest, and the most popular show and gala in Eist Anglia. Tlie enthusiasm engendered by the show is apparent everywhere. It is in the atmosphere ; everybody is smitten with it. We never saw a country town so bedecked with flags and banners and bunting before. Every house, like its occupant, was made to wear a smiling face, for that day at least. All associated with the show, now established fifty-two years, are deserving of the highest praise, from the president (Lord Rendlesham),Major and Mrs. Howey, in whose beautifully wooded park it was held, the committee, and last but not least, the hon. secretary, Mr. John Andrews, who for so many years has been tireless in his efforts to niirdster to the success of the show, and to whom the exhil itors and judges are especially indebted for bimndless hospitality at his private residt'nc3. The show was held in six tents on the Itth inst. Apart from the Rose tent the chief attractions of the show were centred in the large tent, and the exhibits in it were chiefly Uonorary and supplied by the trade, %'he following firnja were well represented by splendid exhibits of plants and flowers. Messrs. Wallace of Colchester, amongst other good things, liad a splendid collection of Iris Ka-mpferii. Messrs. Daniel Brothers of Norwich had an extensive collection of hardy herbaceous flowers artistically arranged under the supervision of one of their managers, Mr. Clayton. Conspicuous amongst them was a grand new variety of Candytuft Grand Emperor, and Carnation ^'ictoria Uarbord, as well as a large collection of the best Sweet Peas. Messrs. Fred Smith and Co., seed growers of Woodbridge, had an imposing bank of hardy flowers in season, Mr. R. C. Notcutt, of Ipswich and Woodbridge, had a unique and beautiful exhibit of Roses arranged in glasses with abundant foliage and on long shoots, affording an effective object-lesson in the natural and best way of arranging the Rose. Messrs. King and Co., of Coggeshall, exhibited Sweet Peas in great variety and excellence. Messrs. Cutbusii and Sons, of Highgate and Barnet, were represented by an interesting exhibit of flowering plants and cut flowers. From the president, Lord Rendlesham, came a beautiful collection of Carnations. Among ihe cut flowers at this season of the year the Rose always takes precedence, and here it had a large tent devoted to itself, and for quality of flowers and extent of exhibits it was one of the best of the year so far. Fruit was well represented, the Grapes throughout showing good quality, as did other fruits also. We have not seeu British Queen strawberry so well exhibited for many years. It was the true variety, the flavour being quite distinct and very delicious. Plants in pots were the weakest feature of the exhilntion, very few possessing any merits being shown. Vegetables, on the contrary, both in the open and the cottagers" classes, were well shown and in good numbers. We congratulate the society on the success of the show, and especially on the record attendance and cash taken at the gate. Thirty-six distinct varieties, single trusses : First, Messrs. II. Harkness and Co., Hitchin ; second, Messrs. Prior and Son, Colchester ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester. Twenty-four blooms : First, Messrs. Prior and Son ; second, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons ; third, Messrs. R. Harkness and Co. Twelve blooms, Teas or Noisettes : First, Messrs. F. Cant and Co., Colchester; second, Messrs. Prior and Son ; third, Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. Twenty-four distinct garden or decorative Roses, space 10 feet by 3 feet: First, Messrs. F. Cant and Co. ; second, Slessrs. B. R. Cant and Sons. Amateurs. Twenty-four single trusses, twelve Teas or Noisettes allowed : First, Mr. 0. G. Orpen, West Bergholt ; second, Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Sproughton ; third, Mr. F. Curtis, West Bergholt. Twelve single trusses: First, Air. O. G. Orpen; second. Rev. A. Foster-Melliar; third, Mr. Reginald Steward, Pack- ingham Hall, Norwich. Six single trusses (Teas or Noisettes): First, Rev. A. Foster-Melliar ; second, Mr. 0. G. t)rpen ; third, Mr. R. Steward. Six any Teas or Noisettes, single trusses : First, Mr. 0. G. Orpen ; secijnd, Mr. F Curtis; thiid, Mr. R. Steward. Six Briar Roses (distinct varieties) : No entry. There were many classes provided for miscellaneous cut flowers arranged for effect, and these undoubtedly formed one of the best features of the show. UNITED HORTICULTURAL BENEFIT AND PROVIDENT SOCIETY. The usual monthly committee meeting of this society was held at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, on Monday evening last. Mr. Thomas Winter presided. Four new members were elected, making sixty-one this year, the total membership now being 1,026. Five members we-e reported on the sick fund. The sick list has been unusually heavy during the last half year. NATIONAL SWEET PEA SOCIETY. The third exhibition of this society was held in the Prince's Hall, Earl's Court, on Wednesday and Thursday last. The (juality of the blooms, on the whole, was excellent, but it is a pity that the surroundings were not more attractive. The yellow-painted sides of the building would have been much improved by a partial draping, and the exhibits, as a whole, were very flat. These are, however, minor points, to which the committee are fully alive. The exhibition was a very pretty one, and Mr. Horace J. Wright (the hon. secretary) has worked hard for its success. Open Classes. Special classification class. Collection of nineteen varieties. This class is intended to illustrate the colour distinctions in the society's classification. First prize, Mr. C. W. Breadmore, 120, High Street, Winchester, with a really distinct collection. Duke of Westminster (purple), Hon. Mrs. E. Kenyon (very pale yellow), t'occinea (red), Jeannie Gordon (cream and rose), and Lady Grisel Hamilton (lavender) were the most striking; second, Mark Firth, Esq., Wistow Halt, Leicester (gardener, Mr. F. J. Claik), America (splashed red and white), Lottie Eckford (pale blue- violet), Dorothy Tennant (rich purple), Mars (crimson). Captain of the Blues (rich blue-purple) were excellent; in fact, the colours were remarkably good. A. G. Uayman, Esq. (gardener, Mr, Ackland), Ilapsford House, F'rouie, was third, with good flowers also. Thirty-six bunches : First, Mr. Mark Firth, Wistow Hall, Leicester (gardener, Mr. J. Clark), with bright distinct flowers. Mr. Leonard Brown, Daffodil Nursery, Brentwood, was second ; and Mr. Breadmore, Winchester, third. The first prize lot was arranged liy far the best. Twelve bunches: First, Messrs. Jones and Sons, Shrews- bury, with excellent flowers; second, Mr. Breadmore, Win- chester, with crowded vases ; third, Messrs. E, W. King aqd Co., Coggeshall, ^y^ GARDEN No. 1653.— Vol. LXIV.] [July 25, 1903. THE INFLUENCE OF GARDENING ON HEALTH. WE hear much in these days of cures for every mortal ill — the open air cure, the light cure, the Grape cure, and countless others. It is strange that no healer of body and mind should have before now suggested the gardening cure. True, gardening is made part of the daily routine in lunatic asylums, workhouses, and reformatories, •where the occupation is supposed to produce a salutary effect on the unfortunate inmates ; but as far as we know, for sane and orderly folk, gardening has never been raised to the ■dignity of a scientific cure. Yet how many cures which are disguised under finer names may be gathered into the one focus of gardening 1 Open air. Heaven's own light of sunshine, the fruits of the earth, exercise of limb and muscle — all these are close at hand and at the service, without money and without price, of many a one who passes them by without so much as a thought. Alas ! that there should be toilers without number in all our large towns to whom such blessings are virtually denied. But, after all, as the old adage says, preven- tion is better than cure, and there is no question that the man who in leisure moments digs or hoes his bit of garden ground — who wages war against the ever-present weed or blight— who buds his own Roses or in one way or another enjoys the product of his own skill, be he gentle or simple, will be far more likely to keep disease at bay and to be healthier and happier than his neighbour who cares for none ■of these things. The reason is not far to seek. Gardening not ■only strengthens the physical powers. It is ■an engrossing occupation which, without over- taxing it, diverts and soothes the mind, while in its never-ending phases there is no mono- tony. If we tire of one aspect of it, we have but to turn to another to find rest and variety in an entirely different branch of its many ramifications. Each day — nay, one might almost say, each hour — brings its own change, and however much the gardener may plod, he need never be mind-weary. Infinite diversity is always within reach, and every day and every recurring sea.son brings its own refresh- ment and rich reward. What else, may we ask, yields such large returns — such manifold interest on work or outlay 1. To possess a garden is one thing, to be a gardener is another and quite distinct matter. We venture to think, however, that more than one deep truth lies hid in the old story of the Garden of Eden. Is it not possible that we may find there, if we wull. not Adam alone, nor even Humanity in him prefigured, but the individual man and woman placed by Eternal decree in the Garden of the World to dress it and to keep it. We may catch the echo of the Everlasting fiat that in all future time and through all the generations to come, each in his or her own order should work in one degree or another for the well-being, not of themselves alone, but of the race. Surely we may take it as a foreshadowing of the health- ful labour joining hand in hand with gladness and plenty, which was fore-ordained to be the common lot. Certain it is that there is scarcely a child of either sex who has not the intuitive desire and love of " making a garden." Yet how seldom are children helped and encouraged as they should be by suitable training to find the pleasure these natural promptings lead them to expect. Rather than leaving them entirely to their own devices in these matters, how much better that limbs and brain alike should be developed while real — not make- believe — work goes on merrily in the children's quarters. Thus the gardening instinct would be fostered in early youth, and a good founda- tion laid for the rational use of it when they shall be children no longer, and need whole- some and restful relaxation from the storm and stress of after days. It is well to remember that the love and knowledge of gardening cannot be picked up like pepples any day at will as we wander idly along the shore of life. The natural intuition once shrivelled up and withered may never again be galvanised into existence. Ideal gardening of necessity is in the pure air of the open country, but we may see many an evidence of the craving for it in the window box of the bustling town— the dusty Ferns and hanging pot of Creeping .Jenny in the London area — or the roof garden amongst the chimney pots of the City warehouse. And who shall say what healthful influence may not hover about the poor Geranium trying to grow in the cracked teapot of some sad-eyed, toiling seamstress of the East End slum ', We cannot all be practical gardeners, yet it would be well for this, our mighty empire of Great Britain and Britain beyond the seas, if a vastly greater proportion of us were proud to claim the title. It is not too much to say that in every home, whether in town or country, there should be at least one inmate, if not more, to take a lively interest in the garden, and, where that is im- possible, at any rate in the garden produce department. Even where no part can be taken in open air work, every household is happier where there is one who will undertake daily to rearrange the flowers and to control the proper use of fruit and vegetables in their sea.son. For whether gardening be looked at from the point of view of a fine art or of a practical science of dailj' life, it must be reckoned with, and either furthered to the great and lasting benefit of every member of the household or neglected to their serious detriment. Within the last half century a radical and happy change for the better has come over our English School of Cookery. We have wisely taken a leaf out of our neighbour's book, und have learnt to diversify the solid meat dinners and suppers of our forefathers with many additions of vegetables and fruits, formerly unattainable, at any rate by the million. There are those, nowadays, who advocate a strictly vegetable diet, but without going to any such extremes we may safely say that an abundant daily supply of fresh fruit and vege- tables is one most important factor of our national health, not to say of our national moral well-being. It is a very significant fact that after the la.st Bank Holiday, the increased orderliness of the holiday makers, and the reduced number of the usual police-court cases were commented on in the daily papers as one result of the greater facilities afl:'orded to the populations of our large cities of buying cheap and wholesome fruit. Certainly it is good to be able to buy garden supplies, but happier he who has the chance of raising his fruit and vegetables by his own skill or by the skill of others under his own eye. Are we not all ready to acknowledge with acclaim the supe- riority of theproduceof our own plot of Mother Earth ? Even the citizen cooped up by bricks and mortar and restricted thoroughfares is by no means exempt from the universal law of gardening which we maintain to be the heritage of human kind. If he has neither time nor opportunity to work with his own hands, it is still incumbent on him to do all that in him lies to promote the intelligent and worthy labours of others, and there are multi- tudinous ways in which this may be done. It goes without saying that the owner of many a fine estate finds his happiest and most salutary occupation in looking into and 54 THE GAEDEN. 'July 25, 1903- planning with his workpeople the details of his flower gardens and pleasure grounds, his orchards, his vineries, his wood and coppices. "I've tried most things," said such an one, " but never until I took up gardening have 1 had such keen delight in any pursuit, and the best of it is it leaves no bitterness behind." If anyone doubts the truth of the statement, and especially if without any particular organic trouble he is feeling somewhat ailing and weary in mind and body from the over- taxing of his nerves in the hurry and rush of life, let him begin at any point to which his fancy leads him and give a fair trial to an hour or two daily of garden work. It need not be hard labour, but if the gardening cure is to do any good there must be real work and real interest, whether of hands or head, within the precincts of the garden itself. A hundred ways are open. A neglected bit of ground to be converted into a thing of beauty — a kitchen garden to be better ordered and made more productive — fruit trees to be pruned or grafted and renovated, or fruit to be thinned or gathered and stored — a greenhouse with ca] la- bility of flower beauty yet not as satisfactory as it might be— a strain of some favourite plant to be improved by selection and hybridi- sation— a shrubbery altered from a series of dull green bushes to a delightful belt of flowering and fruiting trees. In fact, there is literally no end to the gardening avocations Ijresented by every acre of ground. Persevere only and we venture confidently to predict that the priceless jewel of health will be found lying hidden somewhere beneath the surface of the peaceful enclosure. EDITOR'S TABLE. We invite our readers to send us anything of special beauty and interest for our table, as by this means many rare and interesting plants become more widely known. We hope, too, that a short cultural note will accompany the flower so as to make a notice of it more instructive to those who may wish to grow it. We welcome anything from the garden, whether fruit, tree, shrub. Orchid, or hardy flower, and they should be addressed to The Editor, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London. Streptocarpus Flowers from Aldexham House. Mr. Beckett sends from the Aldenham House gardens a delightful gathering of Streptocarpus flowers, conspicuous for their pure and varied colourings. The rose shades were particularly clear and distinct, and we hope Mr. Beckett will aim at keeping the colours quite pure, and not trouble about the size of the flowers. Our corre- spondent writes : " Most of the flowers I send you are our own seedlings. My ambition has been to produce new colours and long fiower-stems. I believe the Streptocarpus when its culture is better known will have a great future, as well- grown plants continue to bloom practically all the summer." The strain at Aldenham House is an excellent one for cutting. The stems are long, without any tendency to becoming overdrawn. LociANBERRIES FROM A NoRTH WaLL. Mr. Wythes also sends a few splendidly-grown Loganberries from a north wall. This is an excellent fruit, pleasantly acid in flavour, and very refresh- ing. Several notes and an illustration appeared in The Garden of July 11 last. Lotus Tetraoonoloeds. Mr. M. P. Forster, Fairfield, Warkworth, Northumberland, sends flowers of the interesting Lotus Tetragonolobus with the following note : " This is a very handsome rock plant here in deep soil and sun. Eremurus himalaicus and E. robustus have been very fine; E. Bungei is just opening." Seedling Carnations. Mr. Wythes sends from the Syon House gardens a superb gathering of seedling Carnations raised from seed supplied by Mr. Douglas, of Edenside, Great Bookham. The flowers were exceptionally varied in colour, large, and for the most part not split, and very sweetly scented. One, a white variety, was quite worth perpetuating. When Carnations so beautiful as this can be grown from seed, it is almost needless to trouble about named sorts. Anchdsa capensis. Among the nianv interesting plants recently sent from Newry by Mr. Smith was this beautiful blue- ANCHUSA CAPENSIS. flowered biennial, a much reduced illustration of which we give. Its large blue flowers are very welcome in some rather shady corner, and give just the colour so many desire. coloured flowers a conspicuous and handsome object in the odd corners of the garden. It is quite hardy, and the leaves do not completely die down during even severe weather. I am surprised that one so seldom meets with it." We hope Mr. Shillitoe's note will draw attention to so little- known a plant. Flowers from a School Garden. Mr. Edward Peake, Rydal House, Earlhaitt Road, Norwich, sends Sweet Peas and Antirrhinums from a school to which we have on more than one occasion directed the attention of our readers. Mr. Peake is accomplishing a sound horticultural work among the boys under his charge, and we know this from the many good things that come from the school. The flowers sent showed that the most intelligent culture had been brought to bear upon the plants. Some Delightful Everlasting Peas. Mr. R. Dean sends some charming varieties o£ Everlasting Peas with these words : " Enclosed are a few Everlasting Peas from plants growing as bushes against Apple trees in my seed grounds at Hounslow, and therefore having no special cultiva- tion. The wliite, if grown under glass, or if it had special culture, would be as fine as anything seen this season. The storms have somewhat damaged the blooms. I have two or three forms of Delicata;. the one sent is the only one yet in bloom." The flowers were remarkable for their abundance, neatness, and variety of colouring. Mr. Dean sent the handsome L. grandiflorus with its big purple flowers ; Delicata, a lovely warm rose-purple shade, very bright ; l^lueen of the West, a beautiful white, verj' free ; and Latifolius superbu^, intense purple- crimson. Muloedium Plumieei. Mr. Shillitoe, F.L.S., sends from Sydenham Hill, S.E. , flowering-stems of this beautiful Mul- gedium, with its tall stems and clearly coloured flowers. The following note accompanied this welcome flower for our table: "I forward you some flowering stalks of Mulgedium Pluniieri. They are very fine this year, some being more than S feet high. I brought the seed many years ago from the Pyrenees. The clumps are now of large size, and numerous seedlings come up every year. The leaves are v^y long, deeply dentated, and varied in outline, it forms with the French grey- KEW^ NOTES. Interesting Plants in Flower. Temperate Honfit. Cassia L.5;vKiATA, Desfontainea spinosa, Lager- strcemia indica, lonicera etrusca, Passiflora capsu- laris, Pavetta caffra, Petrophila pulchella, Solanuni glaucum, and Tibouchina heteronialla. Orchid Ho^ifes. .-Erides suavissimum, Angra?cum eichlerianum, Bifrenaria atropurpurea, Bulbophyllum Dearii, Calanthe japonica, Caltleya granulosa, Dendrobium Calceolaria, I), endrocharis, D. formosum var. giganteum, Epidendrum scriptuni, Eulophia mono- phylla, Oncidium crispum, 0. longipes, O. trulli- terum, Polystachyaihadoptera, Renanthera Storiei, Rhyuchostylis retusa, and Sarcanthus pallidus. T Eaiujc. Adenocalymna nitidum, Amasonia calycina, Anigozanthos flavida, Aphelandra chamissoniana, Aristolochia gigas var. Sturtevantii, Costus speciosus, Crossandra undul:efolia, Emilia aniplexi- caule, Eranthemum tuberculatum, Gesnera cardi- nalis, Isolomas in variel}', Notonia trachj'carpa, Phj'sostelma Wallichii, Pinguicula caudata, Ronde- letia strigosa, Tillandsia Lindeni, and Ve^nonia^ ecorpioides. Greenhouse. Begonia Corbeille de Feu, Campanula Vidalli, Celosia cristata var. pyramidalis, ClerodendroQ fallax. Datura fastuosa, Eupatoriuni ianthinum, Francoa appendiculata, Lantana Camara vars. , Lobelia tenuior, Rivina humilis in fruit, Schizan- thus retusus, Statice sinuata, and Trachelium curuleum var. album. Boek Gardev. Aconitum Lycoclonum, Arnica longifolia, Boy- kinia aconitifolia, Campanula alliaria;folia, C. Soheuchzeri, Dianthus viscidus, Epipactis palustris, Erigeron glaucum, Erythirea Massoni, Gentiana straminea, G. tibetica, Gypsophila libanotica, Meconopsis Wallichii, Qinothera raissouriensis, Platycodon grandiflorum var. Mariesii, Potentilla nepalensis. Prunella grandiflora, Sidalcea Listeri, S. malvaiflora, S. spicata, and Zygadenus elegans. July 25, 19U3.J THE GARDEN. £>.> Arhorehim. Clematis crispa, C. Hendersonii, C. integrifolia, C. intermedia, C. Vseudo-flammula, C. viticella vars., Genista ivtuensis, G. aspalathoides, G. nigri- cans, Indigofera decora, Notosparlium carmi- ch*li;v. Spiraea japonica and vars. , S. Menziesii and vara., S. Douglasii, and many other things. Hirhacfou-f Borders and Ground. Aconituni stoerkianum, Astilbe ehinensis var. japonica, Cimicifuga americana. C. racemosa. Delphinium (numerous species), Kucharidium con- cinnum,Gilia coronopi folia, Lavateracachemiriana, L. thuringiaca, L. trimestris, Malcomia liltorea, Malope trifida, Nepeta (various species), Nym- phaas in variety, Pentstemon barbatus, P. Hart- wegii, P. heterophyllus, P. perfoliatus, P. Richard- sonii, P. spectabilis, P. Wrightii, Salvia sclarea, S. virgata, S. viscosa, Sidalcea (numerous species), Silene echinata, Spir;ea digitata, Thalictruni (numerous species), Verbascum (numerous species). Verbena Aubletia, Veronica (numerous species), and very many other things. Bordtr-i round Pahn House. Agapanthus umbellatus var. Leichtlinii, A. u. var. mooreanus, Albuca Nelsoni, Hravoa gemini- flora, Crinum Powellii, Opuntia camauchica, O. fragilis, 0. mesacantha, 0. polyacantha, and Roscica purpurea. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. July '29. — Chesterfield Horticultural Show. August 3. — Basingstoke, Newbury, Sheffield, Grantham, Lichfield, and Headington Horticultural Shows. August 4. — Royal Horticultural Society's Com- mittees meet ; Abbey Park Flower Show, Leicester (two days). August 5. — Dudley Horticultural Show. August 6. — Midland Carnation and PicoteeShow at Birmingham (two davs). The Dean of Roehestep has expressed his intention of being present at the gardeners' dinner to be held on Michaelmas Day ne.xt. We are quite sure Dr. Hole will have a great reception. The illness of Mr. 'W. Marshall. At a meeting of the fruit committee, held at Chiswick on the 14th insl. , Mr. George Bunyard in the chair, a vote of sympathy was passed by those present with Mr. Marshall in his long illness, and a sincere hope expressed that he would soon be restored to his usual good health. E.r officio (as a member of the council) Mr. Marshall has occasion- ally presided at the meetings of the fruit committee at Chiswick. Thornton Heath Rose Show.— At this excellent show on Wednesday, the 1.5ih inst., it was interesting to notice that Mr. H. E. Moly- neux, who has quite a small garden at Bilham, secured many prizes. He gained two firsts and one second prize, and the latter box for Teas contained a superb flower of Maman Cochet, which gained the silver medal for the best bloom in the exhi- bition. Mr. Molyneux is one of our most valued contributors. He knows not only how to grow Roses, but hoir to .^Ito'i- tin m. The show, we are pleased to know, was a great financial success. Market g-ardeners and their rent. In view of the losses sustained by reason of the late frosts, which have practically ruined their fruit crops, Mr. Leopold de Rothschild has remitted to the market gardener tenants upon the Gunners- burj' estate 1.") per cent, of the rent due for the past six months. The new Curator of the Birming-- ham Botanic Gardens.— We are pleased to hear that Mr. T. Humphreys, assistant- superintendent of the Royal Horticultural Sneiet\ 's Gardens at Chiswick, has been appointed Curator of the Birmingham Botanic Gardens, in place of Mr. Latham, who is retiring after many years of devoted service. It is interesting to know that Mr. Humphreys first began his career with Messrs. J. Dickson and Sons, of the Newton Nurseries, Chester, in 1882, and stayed with that firm for five years. From there he went to Kew, and was at one time sub-foreman in the Arboretum, then to the Royal Horticultural Society's (iardens at Chiswick. The committee of the Birmingham Botanic Gardens have made a wise selection. Though of a retiring disposition, Mr. Humphreys has a quiet determination that makes for good work, and his courtesy and kindliness have won him a host of friends. For many years he has acted as secretary to the floral commi'ttee, and at the last meeting Mr. May, the chairman, acting in the absence of Mr. Marshall, referred in terms of high praise to Mr. Humphreys' quiet and successful endeavours, both at Chiswick and upon the committees, to carry out his official duties. A small subcommittee has been appointed lo give practical proof of the com- mittee's recognition of their secretary's work, and in his fresh sphere of labour the new Curator has our hearty <(ond\vill. Fruit and Flowers at the AVood- bridge Show. — This, as far as I know, is the only show where a special class is devoted to ornamental stands of flowers and fruit, arranged for efTect. I think the idea is an excellent one. It is not every gardener who can compete in the large class for decorated tables of fruit, and few shows, comparatively speaking, can aflord the prizes necessary. In these decorated stands we have the idea carried out, and in the classes for then it is possible for a great number of small growers to compete. It was certainly one of the prettiest and most interesting classes in the show, 'and the stands exhibited were beautifully and artistically arranged, and, judging by the crowds of people surrounding them, were as much admired as any feature of the show. — T. K National Chrysanthemum Society's outing.— On Monday, the 13th inst., the members of the National Chrysanthemum Society had their annual outing, the placj visited this year being Park Place, Henley-on-Thames, the residence of Mrs. Noble. The pany took train to Reading, and from there went by river to Henley. The water trip was much enjoyed, as also was the visit to the beautiful and well-kept gardens of Park Place. The Royal Horticultural Society's Committees' cricket match. — The members of these staid judicial bodies again, as last year, have agreed to plav' cricket, the place this time being Holland Park, Kensington, the day Saturday, August 8, and the time 11 a.m., with luncheon at I p.m. The delightful day at Gunnersbury Park, so heartily enjoyed last year, will not be readily forgotten." Mr. W. Howe will captain the floral committee side, and Mr. G. Woodward the fruit members. All members of these two committees are invited to play, and the members of other committees, with their friends, are invited to attend and see it. The occasion should be one of pleasant sociability. Generally the committees meet onl}' to work. On this one occasion they may be excused if they are a little playful. A new Strawberry (Givon's Late Prolific). — .-it a meeting of the fruit committee of the Royal Horticultural Sjciety at Chi'iwick, on July 14, a very fine basket of a late Strawberry was exhibited by Messrs. Bunyard, Maidstone, and if the variety had not previously received an award, it would certainly have had one now, as ;t proved to be a delicious fruit and was much admired. Givon's Late Prolific is a dark red firm fruit of roundish oval shape, but I noticed that its shape varies, a few being of wedge form. The flavour is excellent — neither too sweet nor too acid. I think a briskish flavour with late Straw- berries makes the fruit more palatable, but there is one ohjectior: to this useful addition to the late kinds, and that is it is not late enough. There is yet room for a really good late varietv, as Straw- berries of this cla-^s are very scarce. We find that the latest varieties grown on a north border are not as late as described ; but on the other hand th" raiser has given us an excellent fruit, which I intend to give ample scope in the position named. It will be most valuable to follow the mid-season varieties, and its firmness will make it valuable for sending away. It will certainly be a great gain to- Strawberry growers. — (t. Wythes. Long-foot Cabbag'e.— According to the Ayricn/liiral Xtws of the West Indies, a very hardy acclimatised variety of the common Cabbage- is found occasionally in the West Indies, chiefly in negro provision grounds. It has bright green- leaves without the glaucous bloom usually found on some Cabbages. It is said to thrive anywhere, and is evidently well suited to dry, acrid conditions, where no other kind of Cabbage will grow. The negro name of " Long-foot " at once suggested that it was not unlikely to be closely relaoed to the Cabbage grown in the Channel Islands and in the Canary Islands for the purpise of making walking sticksfrom its stems. 'This is evidently the case. The growth of the stem is promoted by constantly stripping ofl'the lower leaves. Some specimens have been known to attain a height of 10 feet. The Long-foot Cabbage may, however, have other uses, and that is to supply green food for man and beast in times of scarcity. We, therefore, com- mend this hardy and apparently neglected vegetable to the attention of those living in remote and acrid localities. It is easily propagated by cuttings.— J. R. Jackson, Clarrmoid, I.tiinpslonc, South Deron. Rose Braiswick Fairy.— This is a new rambling Rose that is not yet in commerce, but is of the class that is wanted. In colour it is almost white, with the faintest shade of cream ; the buds are small, elongated, and of perfect shape for buttonholes. It will also be in great demand for trade purposes. The plants I have seen at Braiswick, Colchester, are immense growers, with very rich brown foliage, which gives a striking effect to the flowers when in bloom. A very pleasing feature is its strong scent, reminiscent of Almonds when crushed. It will be suitable for pyramids, pergolas, arches, or would make an excellent hedge. A very good bunch was exhibited bv the raisers, Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., at the Holland House show this year.— H. E. MoLYNEUX. Flowers for Butterflies.— It surprises me to see several flowers mentioned for this purpose, and the one which I have always found eminently the best omitted. I refer to Sedum spectabile, which in August and September generally monopo- lises the attention of the butterflies in my garden in Cheshire. I have counted as many as twelve butterflies at a time on one head ; they consisted of Red Admiral. Peacock, Comma, and Small Tortoise- shell. — C. WoLLEY DoD. When I was a boy specially noticeable were the large and beautiful butterflies that used to frequent the breadths of large single Sunflowers grown in a Northern nursery for seed production. Perhaps these gorgeous insects have varied their tastes since those days, but certainly since single Dahlias came into culture so largely butterflies seem to have favoured them beyond all other flowers. I have seen some beautiful ones on single Hollyhocks, and most oddly of all on largedouble African Marigolds. There seems to be no doubt that large flowers of striking colours do attract these winged insects very much, but all the same they seek for the intoxicating, or rather satiating, secretion which these flowers possess in abundance. To secure vis-Is from these charming creatures, but not to destroy them as vandals, it is well to have in a garden flovvers that specially attract them.— D. Pelarg'onium Paul Crampel.— This Pelargonium, referred to by Mr. Burrell on page 39, afl'ords another illustration of the fact that a long time often elapses after a plant has beeri dis- tributed before its merits are recognised, while, on the other hand, some bound at once into popu- larity. The variety Paul Crampel was distributed by M. Lemoiiie in 1892, so that it is, as far as soft-wooded subjects are concerned, quite an old plant, yet has only lately become generally grown. The same thing happened in the case of the double- flowered zonal variety F. V. Raspail, which, distri- buted by M. Lemoiiie in the spring of 1878, was for some years almost lost to cultivation, till it was takeiiin hand by some of our niaiket growers, and for a long time held its own as the most popular double-flowered variety in cultivation, to yield only at last to its sport F. V. Raspail Improved. — T. ■ 56 THE GARDEN. [July 25, 1903. The influence of climate on fruits. We are all familiar with ihe general fact that certain fruits are grown iu certain regions, that we have tropical, sub- tropical, and temperate fruits, and even that the Peach belt and the Apple belt do not coincide. Probably most of us know, some, perhaps, by rather disappointing experience, that certain varieties of fruits are not so hardy as others. But have we ever considered at all carefully how a difference in climate may influence the form, grammes per cubic mitre, and with forty to forty- four hours' etherification, elllorescence started at the end of sixteen days. Blossoming was full by November 21 or 22 to December. (2) Using l."iU grammes per cubic metre, and with thirty to thirty - six hours' etherification, elllores- cence started at the end of sixteen daj's. (3) W'ilh 1(10 grammes per cubic metre and twenty- four to thirtj'-six hours' treatment, efflorescence began at the end of fifteen daj's. These figures may require some explanation. It should be noted that all these experiments were made in the open air, and were subject to atmospheric variations. Thus it was i|uite possible that one or two etheri- fications made during mild weather might have succeeded better than others. Operations with 100 grannnes of ether per cubic mitre were made onlj' twice, as a too clement winter renders the ether useless ; but Nos. 1 and 2 have been repeated a number of times. It is pretlj' certain that with a colder climate the doses used must be stronger ; at any rate the apparatus should be kept in a closed room where it could be heated in some wa}'. Destruction of the woodlouse.— The number of lauded preparations fur the destruction of the woodlouse is pretty considerable ; each orchardist possesses his own favourite remedy, more efficacious, doubtless, than all the others ; nevertheless, the woodlouse continues to work havoc. A writer in L<: .Journal d' Ayrirnltun: Prutiqite mentions a process which has given ver}' satisfactory results. In an orchard where he had a free hand to do anything to destroy this pest, M Mangin had tried a large number of recipes ; all of them yielded negative results. At last he hit upon a mixture, by means of «'hich he has destroyed whole masses of woodlice. This mixture con- sists simply of a varnish composed of light gum- lake mixed with .3 to 10 per cent, of lysol. The "body" of this varnish, being constituted of alcohol, moistens and penetrates the parts which shelter certain species of woodlice. All the parts invaded by the pest are painted over with a brush or powdered, but this must be done only in very dry weather. The alcohol evaporates and the gum- lake " fixes " the woodlice, preventing them from escaping by flight from the toxic action of the lysol. At the end of two or three paintings the lice will be entirely destroyed, not only upon the branches, but also upon the green parts of the tree. The preparation of this product is very simple. A quantity of light-coloured varnish is procured, such as is in common use among cabinet-makers and polishers, and this is mixed with once or twice its volume of denatured alcohol and with 5 to 10 per cent, of lysol. A remedy so easily prepared, and which has been used with successful results in I'Vaiicc, should be worth a trial here. — V. .J. Hardy. Humea elegans.—When grown success- fully this is most effective, but it seems a little dithcult to manage. I have always been able to grow the plants well enough, but have failed to flower them sometimes, and I do not feel sure if it has been because of late sowing, or if it is usual (or a percentage to fail. On one occasion I raised eleven seedlings, all of which grew into fine plants, and were potted on into S-inch pots. < )f these two plants failed entirely to flower, though they grew well. The others threw up grand panicles of inflorescence, attaining fully 8 feet high. Last year from a large batch of plants only a very few flowered. A few of the smallest plants were kept over, and this season I was asked to put the tops in as cuttings. I certainly thought it a most unlikely subject to root. However, every cutting rooted, and they have since flowered, but have not made such large plants as they usually do when grown on from seed. — A. Hemsley. Rabbits barking- trees. — A Fellow enquires how best to protect young trees from rabbits. The best way, no doubt, is lo wire them round with small meshed wire at a distance of G inches or 8 inches from the stem, taking care to let the wire go down at least G inches below the surface to prevent the rabbits burrowing under, and having it high enough lo keep them from leaping over. Save, however, with a few specimen trees, this is generally considered too expensive, and as a rule tar is used instead. But tar is not always satisfactory, as it sometimes itself kills the trees, particularly if applied after the rabbits have commenced to bark them. In any case Stockholm and not gas tar should be used, and a belter plan than putting it on the young trees is to drive in a few stakes round the stem and smear them with the tar, as rabbits have a great dislike to their fur sticking to anything. We have found the following preparations very useful for the purpose : ( 1 ) Davidson's Composition, made by a Leith firm ; (2), a teaspoonful of tincture of assafit-lida in half a bucketful of liquid soil applied with a brush, perhaps twice during the wniter ; (.'i) a mixture of lime, water, and cow manure, pretty stroug,.is excellent ; so is any strong-smelling grease. — From the Uoi/iil Horticulliiral Society's Journal. Potato disease.— Karly Potatoes purchased ill the market have already shown a good deal of disease, although chiefly on the bud ends, which are, as a rule, the parts of the tubers least covered. That fact serves to show how important it is that in moulding up the plants the soil be made fairly thick, as in such case it acts as a protective medium. No doubt with disease sports already prevalent in the atmosphere the recent heavy rains did wash them into contact with the tubers and thus produce exactly similar action to what is seen when leaves or stems are affected. But full or complete moulding cannot be done when Potato rows are planted close together. To enable earthing to be well done, the rows should be fully .30 inches to 30 inches apart and a second moulding given after tubers have been formed. Close planting is not at all economical, not only are more seed tubers required, but it checks leaf development, and for the production of an abundance of sound, healthy, starchy tubers the leafage cannot well have too much light and air. It is always the lower and least exposed leaves that first fall a prey to the Potato fungus, and from these spoies are bred in great abundance. No doubt the present heat will check spore action materially during the day ; but because there is generally so much of moisture in the soil, considerable moist or humidity is generated during warm nights, and this air moisture accelerates spore growth with great rapidity. If the heat continues presently the humidity at night will be greatly lessened, and if on breadths the fungus has not appeared then it may not be seen for some time. Unfortunately in our climate heat waves are so often followed by thunderstorms, and these favour fungus develop- ment materially. It will be wise in any case to have at disposal plenty of copper and lime solution for spraying the plants earl3', and once or twice later at intervals of a couple of weeks to save them so far as possible should the disease be prevalent. —A. 1). Verbenas. — These old favourites certainly deserve more attention. Your note in The (Jarden, page 21, reminds me of the time when they were u.sed extensively for bedding. The most popular varieties were Defiance, scarlet, a very free spreading sort, the shoots rooting into the ground at every joint, the flowers, though small, were very 58 'HE GARDEN. [July 25, 1903. bright in colour and produced in great profusion ; Snowflake, the white variety, was not quite so vigorous and required pegging down ; Purple King, bright purple self, also was a little difficult to manage, being much subject to the black spot you refer to, but on account of its distinct colour was more in demand than either of the others. The time for growing collections of named varieties is undoubtedly past, but in my early experience keeping up a collection of these was rather an important nlat^.er, and very difficult it was to keep some sorts through the winter. Of the varieties you refer to Ellen VVillmott is one of the finest we have. Ingoing through Covent (Jarden Market a few weeks ago I was much struck with the bright effect produced by masses of this plant grown in pots ; they were to be seen on several stands. This beautiful Verbena is evidently destined to become one of our most popular market plants. 1 also noted a very bright scarlet variety named King of Scarlets ; this may be the same thing as Wailey, at any rate it is a fine Verbena, but as we have so many good scarlet pot plants it may not become such a general favourite as the pink. Verbenas are easily raised from seed ; by careful selection vigorous and free flowering varieties of distinct shades may be propagated from cuttings for a season or two, and a vigorous stock kept up by adding fresh seedlings. Tpopaeolum Sunlight.— This beautiful yellow climbing variety, which came from America a few years ago, varies considerably when raised from seeds, but by careful selection a large per- centage will come (^uite true. Some more resemble the dwarf varieties in habit, and 6ower very freely. The deep golden-yellow flowers have a pleasant perfume, a nuich more decided scent than I have found in any other variety. The Trop;eo- lums are not generally recommended for cut bloom, but I find they are very useful. I recently cut some of the semi-dwarf shoots and flowers together, and after being in water a week the shoots had grown, and several blooms which were quite small buds when cut had developed. — A. Hemsley. Weather and ripening- Peaches.— It may be of interest to you and your readers to know the effect of the weather for the last five years on the ripening of Peaches out of doors on a south-west wall. Alexander and Waterloo were planted in 1891. I see no difference in the fruit, both are cMngstones, medium size, and highly coloured. 1899, .July 9, Waterloo was ripe ; 1900, July 12, Waterloo and Alexander, fruit small, ripe and falling ; 1901, July 10; Waterloo, ripe ; 1902, July 15, gathered a dish of Alexander later than usual ; 1903, .July IS, gathered from both trees. One year, but I cannot find the note of it, Alexander was gathered on July G. A gooil early Nectarine with me is Advance, heavy cropper, fruit medium size, plenty of fruit now, but the snails are attacking it. — J. A. Porch, Edijarley House, Cilastonhury. THE ROSE GARDEN. NOTES ON NEW DECORATIVE OR GARDEN ROSES. I HAVE been collecting niy note.s for the last twelve months, and the difficulty is to condense them. With exhibition Roses there is a definite standard, and the raiser knows that if a Rose does not come up to that standard it is useless calling it an exhibition variety, but one cannot heiji being susjiicious that a standard is quite lost .sight of when we couie to deal with decorative Roses. Any Rose not up to exhibi- tion form is immediately labelled decorative. This ajiplies most strongly to our continental raisers. Out of curiosity, I ran through the catalogues of new Roses ofl'ered for sale, year by year, during the last seven years by one of our largest firms out of a total of roughly -IVA) Roses all raised on the continent. Thirty-five only are now grown in sufficient quantity to be worth cataloging in that same firm's general list for 1902. The standard for decorative Roses should be as stringent as is the exhibition Rose standard. I presume there is a demand for these new Roses at 3j. Gd. each or they would not be catalogued ; but one wonders where it comes from. One ought to remember, perhaps, that the continental Rose is handicapped by our climate, and does not therefore stand quite the same chance that the British-raised Rose does. These facts have made me rather shy of dea'ing with new Roses from the continent, and if these notes consist mostly of comments on home-raised Roses, the reasons are not far to seek ; it follows that if a continental Rose is well-spoken of it is worth trying. Ards Pillar. — I referred to this Rose in the notes on exhibition Roses in the number of .July 4, but undoubtedly its place will be among the decorative Rose.s. It is an excellent pillar Rose, rich velvety crimson, cupped form. Its raisers — Messr.s. Dickson of Newtownards — have done much for the exhibition Rose, but some of our finest garden Roses have come from their nursery, and this variety is likely to add to their reputation. Aimee Cochnf, a very promising hybrid Tea from Messrs. Soupert and Notting, colour flesh, with a ro.sy peach centre, flowers large and full and with a good point. It is a good grower and one of the best of this well-known firm's recent introductions. Alberic Barbier. — This was well shown by Messrs. Turner at Holland House and the Temple, and is one of the wichuriana hybrid.s. It is a very strong grower, with dark foliage, contrasting well with its creamy white (deepening to yellow in centre), flowers semi- double. Auguste Barbier is also excellent, possibly to be preferred to the last. It is free blooming and its semi-double flowers are produced in panicles ; the colour is rosy lilac. Jersey Beauty is becoming better known; it is still one of the best and will grow 20 feet in a season, palest yellow flowers and stamens. Francom Foucard I saw growing well at Gunnersbury House recently. It struck me as an excellent variety, especially when I was told it was also an autumn bloomer ; pale yellow in colour. Paul Transom has a strong tea perfume, and is (juite distinct, with the well known charactensiic dark green foliage, flowers in panicles of good siz ', and its rose-coloured flowers are larger than usual and double. Rene Andre is one of the prettiest, but the growth not (|uite so vigorous as some of the others, its flowers are semi-double, saifron yellow, the buds being sometimes a deep orange-red. The last mentioned six Roses are all wichu- riana hybrids, and make a charming .set. Their price will be (piite reasonable in the autumn, and everyone should grow them ; they make good standard.s, but are at their best on steep banks, where they can ramble at will. Arethuna. — A new China Rose that promises well, deep yellow in colour, tinted with apricot. A free flowering hybrid China. From Messrs. William Paul of Cheshunt. Bhtsh liatnbler. — A new seedling Polyantha climber that I think very highly of. I am not at all sure that it is not the best seedling that has so far been put on the market. It is an excellent grower, very sweetly .scented (a quality which few of the Ramblers have). Its truss is very large, and the flowers have room to develop, so that it does not get that too crowded appearance that is a common fault. Its flowers are nearly single, of Apple blossom colouring, and altogether it can be highly recommended. It was raised by Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons of Colchester, and plants from the open ground will be ready in November. Chameleon. — Another of Messrs. William Paul's "Riviera' Roses, rosy flesh colour, with a fine deep-coloured outer petal, sometimes almost crimson on the buds. It has been well .shown by the raisers, and will make a useful bedder. Another of the same class from the same growers is Corallina — Introduced in 1900, but I men- tion it here as it is an excellent bedder, very pretty in the bud, deep rosy crimson in colour, and good in the autumn. Climbing Carol ine Textout.— \l .all the plants of this Hose are as good as the specimen I have seen we have got something worth having here. Unfortunately, there is a tendency to revert back to the type amongst the climbing sports. This Rose needs no description ; it was sent out last year by M. Chauvry. Conrad Strassheiin. — Sent out as a Hybrid Tea, but it has more of the appearance of a Tea, and is best described as a brighter Souvenir d'un Ami. The colour is rose, reverse of petals carmine, nice long bud. Distinctly promising. Conrad F. Mei/er.— One of the earliest of all Roses and at the same time one of the most vigorous growers. It would make a line hedge. Messrs. George Paul and Son of Cheshunt had a fine bunch of it in their first prize stand of R. rugosa at the Holland House show. I believe we are indebted to Mr. James Hudson, of Gunnersbury House, for intro- ducing this Rose to this country. It has all the good points of the best of the rugosas with the colour of Mme. Gabriel Luizet. Comtesse Sophy Torby. — K fine large flower. When 1 saw it last autumn it had bright coppery orange flowers with deep pink centres, but I was told that in the summer it was almost peach-red with deeper coloured centres. It is tea-scented and a good grower. Dainty. — Another "Riviera" Rose from William PauFis. It is pale ])rimrose in colour, vi-ith a deeper yellow centre, sometimes edged carmine, flowers medium size, neat and compact, produced in clusters that are light ; in a word, this Rose is well named. Dorothy Perkins. — Now too well known to need description. Ellen Wiilmott. — A Rose I have not seen growing, but a bloom of it in Messrs. George Paul and Son's stand at Sutton show this year struck me as being something that was wanted. A Hybrid Tea, nearly white, of good shape and substance. 1 cannot find it in any catalogue, so presume it is new. Shall be glad to hear more of this Rose. Field Marshal. — A climbing China Rose (semperflorens) crimson in colour, of the shade of the oldCramoisie Superieure, but the shajie and size is an improvement on that old friend. A good Rose that has received an award of merit frorn the Royal Horticultural Society. Fran Peter Lainbert.—This Rose promises very well. It has been well exhibited in the show box, but I think its right ])lace is with this section. It is very free flowering, deep rose, shaded salmon, a jiink Kaiserin A. Victoria. Goldelse, another sport from K. A. Victoria, good colour golden yellow, but the flowers are not so full as those of its parents. Good grower and hardy. Irisli Brightness, Irisli Pride, and Irish Star. — These three Roses are all singles, the first a Hybrid Tea and the other two pure July 25, 1903.] THE GAEDEN. 59 Teas ; they are all three beautiful as shown by the raisers, Messrs. Dickson and Sons, who speak very highly of them. 1 liked Irish Pride, but the others I have not seen. Lndi/ /liittersea.— Too good to be omitted, although now well known ; it is very charming in the bud. Messrs. George Paul and Hon still continue to give us beautiful Kose5. Lriily Ro/jerts.— This gem amongst English- raised Roses has become as popular as was generally anticiiiated when it was first e.\hiljited by the raisers, Mes.srs. Frank Cant and Co., of Colchester, two years ago. I saw a very pretty bed of it growin;.,' in the shade (that is, pro- tected from the midday sun) and the colour was superb, especially of the younger flowers. No grower of new Koses should leave this Rose untried. Le.onie Lamesch. — Not new e.xactly, but sufficiently good to be mentioned, unique colouring, brightest copper red. This charm- ing little polyantha should be more grown. J/»if. Antoine Mnri.—Thh Rose has been very highly spoken of. It is Tea-scented, rose splashed white, handsome buds which open well, growth vigorous ; it has been awarded medals on the Continent. From the grower whose name it bears, as also is Mme. Vermore/, which is very fine, colour rose with coppery yellow centre shaded red, large buds on long stems, also a Tea. Afme. Vharlex Monnier.—k semi-climbing Hybrid Tea from Fernet Ducher that promised very well when I saw it in the Braiswick Nursery of Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. The flowers are ro.sy flesh, yellow centre, of large size, full and globular. Mitrie Louise Foiret.— A cross between Caroline Testout and Marqui.se Litta that I like very much. It is like both parents— that is, the colour rose shaded deeper in the centre, and it has been well exhibited this year. Introduced in li)l)0 by Messrs. Soupert and Notting, must not be confounded with Jfdirnierite Poiret, introduced by the same firm only last year. This is also a good Rose, bright china pink, with yellow reflex, flowers large, full, and shape good. Very pretty in the bud. Mark Twain.— An American Rose of some promise. Its raiser states that it is better than Mrs. W. J. Grant or P.elle Seibright, as it is called " across the pond"; but the blooms and plants I have seen so far do not bear out that statement. Still, it is an excellent flower, and perhajis a better grower. Marquise Jeanne de la C'hataiijncrai/e.— It is perhaps as well that this Rose does not promise to be of much account. What a handicap — thirty-one letters only 1 Colour silvery white, yellow centre. Mercedes.— A pale pink rugosa, almost the old maiden's blush colour — that is, distinct and very pretty. I do not know who introduced it, Viut it is a great improvement on many of the rugosas which are grown. Mornini/ Glotv.— Another of William Paul's Roses; it is a grand colour— bright crim.son suffused orange, with good petals ; can be recommended. Prinee de Bu/i/arie.— This I also referred to in my notes on show Roses, but it .should not be omitted from this section ; it is one of Fernet Ducher's best, and that is saying a great deal. Peace. — A pale yellow sport from G. Nabon- nand, and doubtless, like its parent, at its best in autumn. Not too good a grower. Queen of Sweden.— 1 like this Rose very much ; it was raised by George Paul, of Ches- hunt, and well shown at the Temple May show. It IS quite distinct, and will be found useful ; its colour is very variable, sometimes [ or one of its near relatives. There is a fine bed salmon fawn-white like Antoine Rivoire, and of this Rose at Kew. Buds are yellow, changing then a flower will come almost orange, and to creamy white on opening, of large size, quite occasionally pink. Messrs. Paul recommend (\yhen well grown) .3 inches or 4 inches in it for ]jot culture. I diameter ; nearly single ; makes a fine hedge ; Jiur/osa re/iens a//j'(. —Another Rose from ' altogether to be recommended. this old-established firm of Rose growers that w^as awarded the gold medal at Holland House. It is a grower of great vigour and makes an ideal weeping standard— the parent plant at Cheshunt covers 100 .square feet of "round. It is undoubtedly a cross with tvichuriana that, I believe, came by chance in the nursery. It combines the best features of both its parents. Sahiionea and Sulphurea.— Two Roses that can be thoroughly recommf>nded as beddera. E.xcellent as all these Riviera Roses are in the autumn, their names are descriptive of the respective colours, the first-named being particularly attractive. Henatenr /Idle is a Hybrid Tea, .salmon- pink with yellow centre, outer petals splashed carmine, t think it will be worth growing ; the flowers are large and globular. Sourenir de Jean Kelteii.—Anothn Hybrid Tea, good in every way. Colour rosy carmine, shaded crimson. The buds are long, opening W.althaiib Ramljler. — A new Rambler after the style of Leuchstern, paler in colour, but more vigorous in growth ; very pleasing, and well shown by Messrs. William Paul at the May Temple .show ; fine large panicles of flowers. Herbert E. MoLYiNEUx. Brantwood, Balhani, S. W. NOTES ON HARDY PLANTS HARDY PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW. Gentiana lutea. _NE of the most striking plants in the herbaceous ground at Kew is Gentiana lutea. It is growing in one of the borders there in ordi- nary good garden soil, and during late .lune and early July was at a into large perfect flowers, a good grower, and its best. The leaves are large, broadly ovate, altogether one of the liest of the new H.T.'s. forming a rather dense tuft some li inches to Souvenir de Pierre A'ott i ng.— V TO m .Messrs. Soup?rt and Notting. We all hope it will ]>rove a yellow Maman Cochet. Some very fine flowers have been exhibited. It is one of the best new Teas, and will be largely grown by ex- hibitors. The Wallrimver.— An excellent Rose for a hedge, a lighter coloured C r i m s o n Rambler, flowering in a similar fashion ; it is one of Messrs. Paul's Cheshunt Roses. Tea Earn hi er . — Its flowers are pro- duced freely and in clusters, and are sweet-scented. For a summer flowering Rose it lasts a long time in flower. The colour is deep coppery pink, changing to soft salmon-pink, and during the process some curious eft'ects are seen. A corre- spondent writing to me says : — " I like the new Tea Rambler, the flower is pretty, but looks sometimes as if a Strawberry had sat on it and leaked a bit." This also comes from Ches- hunt. Una. — Another Cheshunt Rose, a cross between the Dog Rose and Gloire de Dijon, .Aj*^ -itifL-M S-.v- GENTIANA LUTEA LV THE HERB.ICEOFS GBOU-VD IN THE RUVAL GARDENS, KEW. 60 THE GARDEN. [July 25, 1903. 18 inches high. The flowering stems, which are from 3 feet to 4 feet high, have numerou.s large leaf-bracts oppositely arranged. In the a.Yils of these the yellow flowers are very freely produced in bunches. When at its best this Gentian is a striking and ettective plant. The growths usually flower when two years old. ChAM-ELIEIUM C.4E0LINIANUM. This is a North American plant that appears to be (juite at home on the north side of the Kew rock garden, growing in light soil and a somewhat moist situation. As the illustration of it will show, it is extremely effective when in flower. It is of tufted habit of growth and spreads fairly rapidly, so that to obtain a good plant is only a question of one or two season's culture. The leaves are broadly lanceolate, and the tufts which they form not more than 3 inches or 4 inches high. The flower-spikes, beai'ing towards the top a great quantity of small white flowers, are from 18 inches to 24 inches high, and a good plant will produce several. Late June and early .July are also the times of year at which this plant is at its best. Those who can give it the conditions mentioned above should not fail to add it to their collections. Saxifeaga lingulata vae. lantoscana. In some works of reference S. lantoscana is given the rank of a species, but in the "Kew Hand List " it is now classed as a variety of S. lingulata. It is a handsome plant, bearing slightly drooping racemes, and the floweis so arranged on lioth sides of the rachis or stalk as almo.st to present a flat surface. It is nut at all difficult of culture if given a position freely e.xposed to the sun and a welhdrained soil. There is a variety superba of more robust habit, and bearing arching racemes of white, crimson spotted flowers. June is the month during which S. 1. lantoscana and the variety superba are at their best. The former may be increased by division. TREES AND SHRUBS. T OHAM^LIRIUM CAROLIUIAISUM AT KEW. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA AND SOME OF ITS VAKIETIES. HE Lawson Cypress, though intro- duced to this country only about fifty years ago, is now one of our most common conifers, while in point of numbers its named varieties equal those of any other hardy tree or shrub. It is one of the most variable of plants : this can be seen in a bed of seedlings where all typcs from the thin, upright form to the spreading, semi-pendulous habit of the typical plant can be found. In its native habitat of Northern California and Oregon C. lawsoni- ana forms a tall, elongated, pyramid- shaped tree, reaching 100 feet or more in height, with short, horizontal branches which are s e m i - pendulous at the ends. In this country it will pro- bably in course of time reach to practi- cally the same height, as its growth is vigorous, and it seems quite at home in nearly every part of the country. In several places it has already become half naturalised, as seed- lings have been found in consider- able numbers near large trees, and seem to thrive and do well. Its bright, glaucous green foli- age and graceful habit render it con- sjiicuous wherever planted, and this is enhanced every spring by the bright crimson male catkins xvhich appear in con- siderable numbers near the ends of the branches. A closer inspection at the same time will show the tiny cones near the catkins, they ripen and shed their seeds, nearly all of which are good in the first year. It is a difli- cult matter to make a selection from the numerous varieties, but those most worthy of growing are represented by the following :— Var. n//jo-spira.— This is of close-growing habit with the ends of the .shoots tipped with SI very white. It is a handsome plant, especi- ally in the spring, but is rather slow of growth, and a bad plant to move when it has attained any size. Far. Alunii.-Thia is a vigorous, upright conifer, with flattened branches of a bright glaucous tint. It is a form that gets better the bigger it grows, being rather of a thin habit m a young state. Var. anjentea.—This has nearly the habit of the type, being perhaps more compact and less pendulous at the extremities of the branches. There is, however, considerable variation in the forms met with under this name. The plant is vigorous in growth, and has a whitish glaucous tint, which IS very attractive at all seasons. Vars. glauca. Silver Queen, and Triomphe de Boskoop are of much the same habit, but differ somewhat in their degree of glaucescence. The latter is considered by some to be one of the " bluest" conifers we have. Var. erecta vzVwZjs.— This is a well known but considerably over-rated form, with upright flattened branches of a bright grass green colour. The arrangements of the branches, however, springing as they do from near the base of the plant, is very much against its use as a large specimen, as snow, or even heavy rains, will break the plant open by bending the branches ; from this they rarely properly recover. In a small state it is a useful plant for decorative purposes. V<:n: 7'Vaserr.— This resembles var. Alumi in habit, but is not so glaucous. Var. r/raci/ is.— This is a form of globose habit with slender branchlets pendulous at the ends. It is of a pleasing green colour, which is good throughout the year, and makes a capital small specimen, but takes many years to attain any size. There are also vars. gracilis argentea, gracillima, and gracilis pendula, but the true gracilis is the best for general planting. Var. interte.rfa —This is a tall growing, spreading form, with rather coarse foliage and semi-pendulous habit. It is a strong, robust plant, which quickly attains a considerable size. Var. lutea. — This is of a uniform bright yellow colour, which is conspicuous throughout the year. It is of strong constitution— an impor- tant point with coloured conifers- and soon attains specimen size. In a small state it is a difficult plant to move with safety, but is better when it has attained a height of i feet or 3 feet. Var. jiafii/a..~Th\s is of a pyramidal, com- pact habit, and dark green, shining foliage. The branches are flattened, and spread out fanwi.se towards the extremities. It is of strong growth. Var. Smithii. — This is a glaucous green form of upright, pillar-like habit, being the same diameter at the top as it is at the bottom. The foliage is fine and much divided, and the whole plant is very distinct and graceful. Var. stricta.~Th\s is a slender, upright plant, with dark green foliage, and somewhat resembles var. erecta viridis in outline, but the short branches spring from a central trunk, and rarely, if ever, suffer from snow or high winds. Var. versicolor.— As its name implies, this is of a mingled green and gold colour. It has a vigorous, siireading habit, but the spotty effect it produces is not likely ever to render it very popular. Var. U'estermanni— This is a form with Julv 25, 1903.] THE GARDENS Gl bright golden yellow shoots and wood, the colour of tlie foi-iner being in'iinly towards the ends. It is of a spreading, semi-pendulous habit, and soon makes a fair-sized plant. There are many more varieties, some of which may lie considered equal to those I have mentioned, but enough have been named to be a guide to those who want a selection of garden plants and not a collection of varieties. One form, 0- 1. var. densa or nana, is worthy of notice, as it is a dwarf, close-growing plant, suitable for the rockery, taking many years to attain a height of about .3 feet. J. C. PHILADELPHUS MANTEAU D'HERMINE. This pretty little shrub is now in flower, and is one of the best of the set which we owe to M. Lenioine in crossing P. coronarius with P. micro- phyllus, the first of which was the now well-known P. Lemninei. The one under consideration has (louble dowera of the purest while, each flower perfect in shape, and very freely produoeil on the slender, twiggy stems. It makes a small shrub 2 feet to .3 feet in height, and is much bene- fited by the cutting away of the older wood when flowering is past. The flowers are very sweetly scented, and are u«eful for indoor decoration, the scent not being so strong as to be objectionable, as is tho case with the majority of the Mock Oranges. Ikuishol, Surrey. J. Ci-aric. dry garden. I have no doubt whatever that Mr. Pearson is quite right in his correction of my mis- statement as regards Delpiiiniom Belladonna. I said in my haste that some of the plants I put in last autumn were .seedlings, but if the plant is sterile of course they could not have been ; the explanation is that I bought young plants, nice healthy young plants too, and did not stay to con- sider whether or not they were what they looked like. I suppose, as it cannot be propagated thus, that accounts for its weakness of constitution. It is such an e-vquisite thing, and one never seems to get the exact shade in the ordinary Delphiniums, although I have a very good range of blues, from the darkest to the palest, in seedlings of these now flowering for the first time, the strong soil suiting them well. As for the Lithospermum, I believe the crux of the matter, so far as mine are concerned, lies in those three pregnant words of Mr. Pearson's, '* On the level." The only two potsful of this lovely gem that have ever lived with me have been two planted thus casually, and after the careful arrangement La Czarine, a good cropper, bright red, some very large berries of elongated shape, with markedly polished smooth shoulders, irregular in size, sweet, excellent flavour. White Pine, difficult to pick, as it is impossible to Judge accurately of its ripeness, a white or faint blush in colour, pink seeds, small round berries, all one size, prolific bearer, most delicious flavour. Anana'^ Perpettid, a failure, no crop, shy, small, and of no merit in taste. Micliiijaii, a large, coarse, knobby berry, dull in colour, no flavour, and a poor crop. Leon XIIL — Very like St. Joseph, but not so good, less prolific, small bright red berries, sweet and soft. Of course the merits of this latter with the other perpetuals cannot be properly assayed until the end of the summer, but even if a soft, woolly, tasteless Strawberry does bear for months together. It is not much good, as everyone is soon tired of it. SCHIZOCODON SOLDANEI.LOIDES, on first acquaintance, is rather a hopeless-looking plant. It is like a few little half-dry bits of dark NOTES FROM SAVANS- ^VICK. Planting Moisture-loving Flowers. It is hard to imagine a more uncanny little plant, as far as appearances go, than Pinguicula lusitanica. It is more like a few pale yellow fish scales doubled up together than anything else, that is, during that stage of its being to which mine have at present attained. I have been planting a tiny bog round a sort of big flower-pot saucer with this and the minute Pinguicula vulgaris, which also has a pallid and ana-mic air about its wee rosettes, and little clumps of Gentiana verna. I have been trying to reproduce in miniature the exquisite wet peat meadows near Munich, so vividly described by a correspondent of The Oakoen some time ago, and to this end intend immediately to add P. farinosa. The plan of sinking a porous, shallow, terracotta pan, and planting in peaty loam and sand round it, keeping it full of water all the summer and spring, seems to answer so well for Primula rosea grandiflora, a planting of which is doing grandly thus treated, that I hope the three little things mentioned above may also succeed. I find it far better to do all my planting of small choice alpines, &c., in summer. While they are in full growth, and especially just after flowering, they seem to take to a fresh place at once, and the only trouble is in keeping them carefully watered, which, of course, is a necessity. But if I plant much in autumn the unestablished roots rot in our then cold, damp, and heavy soil, that seems to affect them even though they may be in special compost ; mists, vapour, and exhalations, I sup- pose, rise from it all round them. If, again, I plant in spring, the parching and bitter winds we always get now give them such a check as is not easy to outgrow. But all the alpines I have turned out of pots — of course I am speaking of those grown in pots for this purpose— from about May '25 onwards, in this and former years, have invariably gone on well where they were properly attended with water. It would be different, of course, in a very SAXIFRAGA LINGDLATA VAR. LANTOSCANA AT KEW. of the rest which ended so dismally had been made Last August we planted some experimental rows of Stkawberrtes, the testing whereof has been a matter of interest. The runners came from France, were very strong and good, and went ahead well from the first. Perhaps it is needless to say that Royal Sovereign, previously in possession, came out an ea.sy first, hut one or two of the others we think worth preserving. The summary, according to our experience, is as follows: All ripened together, within a few days, and picking began on .June 26. Soil, a good loam over clay, well trenched. Go/iaili. — This is the Strawberry originally raised in Bath by Mr. Kitlej'. Large berries, irregular in shape, good bright red, no special flavour, and a trifle sour. A poor crop. Brandywine (an American berry). — Small, prolific bearer, good colour, no flavour, rather sharp. This should be an excellent jam Strawberry. The well-known .S7. Jofieph, allowed, as it should not be, to ripen its first setting, had very prettily shaped and coloured berries, small, very sweet, and deliciously flavoured, all one size. A large crop. red Barberry leaf, the same leathery crackling texture. I am making a little colony of Shortia j galacifolia and uniflora, Galax aphylla, and the I first-named, and certainly a reputation for being hard to grow, is justified b}' such an appearance on introduction. The sweetly pretty bright blue- lilac flowers of Haberlea rhodopensis, more like Streptocarpus than the Gloxinia, to which they are generally compared, are most attractive, but the plant is evidently terribly sensitive to the slightest drought. Even one hot day without watering, although it is well tucked into a shady rock recess with a big stone keeping the sun off it, caused it to curl its corrugated leaves inwards instead of letting them lie in the normal flat rosette, and look quite withered, a condition to give the grower with a shock of terror lest it should be gone for ever. If once the middle of its hairy rosette, like those of the Ramondias, gets full of soil it is most difficult to clear it out, and when I make another planting of things of this kind I shall be more careful, as they seem to dislike having foreign substance lodged between and about the younger leaves, and yet to be unable to get rid of it. THE GARDEN. [Ji LY 25, 191 3, CoNANDKON RAMONDTOIDES which lives with them and shares the same alTeclion for a shady, moist rouk lace, is much more manage- able, as havingileaves that, though they are much the same shape and also arranged rosette wise, are smooth and not hairy, and convex instead of con- cave. I find it is good to have alpines, &c., which like the same sort of treatment together, as these all can be watered at one time and labour is saved; also, as someone lately remarked, they do better where the soil bulk is of one nature than where they only have an oasis of, say, sandy peat and loam, in a surround of something else. I saw that M. Correvon remarked of one or two of the Primulas that they like the company of their own species and will not grow in an isolated posi- tion ; this suggestion opened my eyes to the fact, which I think undoubted, that there are many other delicate plants of the same way of thinking. Even among my few alpines this is most plainly observable. The Olossocomias, for example, which are quite easy to grow here, and do well on the rockery and on the level border beside a path, grow appreciably faster when two or three are planted together than when one is alone. What a lovely thing (i. ovata (Codonopsis ovata) is ! The bell, so large for the size of the plant, is very pretty when j'ou look at it from above and only see its plain delicacy of grey-mauve colouring. But when it is reversed, and you look inside, what a reve- lation of rich colour and exquisite markings ! The first flower comes out at the top of the stem, then another lower down ; rarely more than one at a time on a stalk. It is a very tender-looking little plant, but nevertheless, after dying quite down each winter, comes up with quiet persistence and several sizes larger with every returning spring. I have not seen the green-flowered form in blossom .though I now have it in the garden, but I am told, and can ea.sily believe, that it is not nearly so attractive as the other. I have one clump of G. ovata in sandy loam on the level in full sun, and two on the partly shaded side of a rockery about IfS inches from the ground in a level pocket of sandy peat and loam ; all three are equally healthy, so it cannot be such a difficult plant to grow as is sometimes supposed. I daresay it would hate smoke or any townish contaminations of the air, as its delicate, faintly tomentose leaves would soon suffer. How very much more useful from a decorative point of view are the Old Clove and the Maroueuite AND GrENADIN CauNATIONS, in their varieties, than the choice border Carnation from layers. Here I have masses of good-sized flowers in different shades of rose and scarlet, intensely floriferous, and most charmingly bright and gay, the result of a sowing of C. Grenadin seed last year. Very few of the plants turned out singles, and the flowers are of good size ; of course all are fringed. They have been in flower since the middle of June, while the first Clove Carnation came out the second day of July, and both will continue for months. Not one border Carnation is showing colour y^t (July .')), though they are going to be plentiful in blossom, and they The White Early Gladioli The Bride are very lovely just now. Some of them are among dwarf bush Roses, where their lemon-tinged white- ness is exquisitely framed by young copper-tinted shoots and the Tea blossoms in their delicate shades. The wicuuraiana Roses, though quite young and still small, are extremely promising for another year. May (jtueen, a bright crimson double, very like Cramoisie Supci'ieure in flower and colour, is, to my mind, infinit>-ly superior to any other I po.ssess. The undecided yellowish pink of Rene Andre is, of course, the kind of thing that is fashionable and continually being aimed at just now, but colours like this are wonderfully set ORCHIS LATIFOLIA. Ok our native Orchids this is the most vigorous and, on the whole, the most striking, and, more- over, one that usually does well under garden culture. The plant shown in the accom- panying illustration is growing in that portion of the Kew rock garden devoted to bog plants. The leaves are large and handsome, being heavily blotched with purple-brown, while vigorous plants will produce ilower-stems from 2 feet to 3 feet high, the flowers being pro- duced in the a.xils of small leafy bracts, which are numerous upon the stem. Orchis latifolia delights in a cool and fairly shady position and moist soil. Nowhere have we seen it finer when growing wild than in one of the most inaccessible parts of Burnham Beeches, in a spot shut in by trees where the sun could rarely penetrate, on the bank of a small stream. The .soil in such a spot consists almost wholly of decayed leaves (of the Beech largely), so that an excellent idea of its require- ments may easily be had. They have been succe.ssfully jjrovided at Kew, and are almost identical with those under which (). lati- folia grows wild, except that the Kew plant enjoys more sun- light. H. T. AN ARTIST'S NOTE-BOOK. O THE BEAOTIFUL ORCHIS LATil'OI.IA IN THE I!I)G HARDEN AT KEW off by having a good glowing crimson Rose some- where at hand to show them up ; such, at least, is my heresy. Pink Roamer, so often recommended, is a nice bright pink, not, however, without a faint suspicion of magenta at first, but it goes off to a most horrible dull exaggeration of tlie latter unpleasant hue, in which state it is far from pleasing. The good deep rose-pink of Anne of Geirstein, the Hybrid Briar, glows like jewels behind an IS-inch high mass of some Geranium, whose name I have lost and forgotten, whose large flowers are CAMPANULA PEREGRINA . NE of the most inte- resting plants before the floral committee of the J! o y a 1 Horticul- t u r a 1 Society recently was this biennial Cam- panula, which was shown by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons of Chelsea, and given an award of merit. It will make a welcome flower for the con- servatory. The flowers are bell- shaped, iiale blue to violet-blue in colour, the ovary being encircled, as also the base of the corolla, with deepest violet- blue. They are arranged in a dense spicate raceme 2; feet high. The plant is much branched from the base, thus enhancing its decorative value. The species, however, is a very old one. The.se free -growing Canqianulas are of the greatest value in the conservatory, and C. peregrina is so in particular. It is exceptionally free. ROUND ABOUT A GARDEN. will be all over long before the crimson Cloves, of the most brilliant and perfect shade of violet- which last year were still blooming at the end of : blue. The combination sounds rather painful, but November, and were only spoiled by the excessive j in reality is glorious, wet. I Swanswkh Volhxje, Bath. M. L. W. The Music of .July. July is described as the silent month ; and, indeed, the chorus of thrush and blackbird has fallen all to pieces. You can now walk among the shrubberies in early morning without that buoyant fooling that you are taking part in tho full choral service of Nature. Throughout the sunlit day, too, the skylark orchestra is now so thin and litful that you actually notice July a.",, 1903.1 THE GARDEN. 63 when a skylark is sinsing. Last month tlie whole sky vibrated with song, and you walked under it unconeerned. But the two greatest gaps in late summer's programme of music are causeci by the departure of the cuckoo for foreign parts and the silence of the nightingale. Nottliat the nightingale is actually silent. From his point of view he jirobably has more to say, and .says it oftener in .July than in May. He says it to wider audiences, too, because .so soon as the young nightingales are fairly fledged they are escorted round the country from spinnery to shrubbery, and from shrubbery to coppice by their noisy parents. In this wandering we see no doubt the first stirring of the instinct which culminates in oversea migration ; but the music to which the nightingales march with their families is very different from the liipiid melodies which they poured out round their nesting sites in spring. " Krurk-krurrk," says a dee]) harsh voice in the shrubbery. " Krurk - krurrk," a little further off'. " Krurkkrurrk, " a little nearer. Watching, you catdi sight of three or four bright russet-coloured small birds, obediently trooping after that croaking voice. It is a family of nightingales being personally con- ducted by their jiarents round the neighbour- hood. Voices of SuMMEi;. But, though the nightingale has exchanged his cornet-tiute for a sort of foghorn, and both the ballad-singing blackbird and tiie thrush improvisnteiir are seldom audible, e.\ce]it when they chatter out of a bush before you or raise a persistent outcry because some wandering cat or weasel is near their brood, there is music enough in the garden. The confident carol of the robin and tlie twisting trill of the hedge-sparrow suggest, perhaps, uncomfortable thoughts of coming winter in the new promi- nence which their simple songs assume ; but the music of the wren carries on the traditions of spring, and in the notes of yellow-hammer and cirl bunting we hear the same iteration of the continued presence of summer as shrills in the grasshopper's music. The very heat haze which shimmers over the meadows seems to vibrate to the yellow-hammer's tune, which he repeats four times to the minute from the top of the garden hedge. Nor have all of our summer visitors in niid-.July followed the e.xample of nightingale or cuckoo. The white throat still fillips himself up into the air out of an evergreen and sings a quavering song as he de.-cends. The sedge warbler still jangles musically from the shrubbery's reces.st.s, and the swallows, house martins, and swifts are noisier now than ever with their broods launched in the mazy whirl of life, all twittering and screaming with the joy of it. Birds and Weeds. At every turn the nursery noise of birds reminds you that the breeding season has trebled the feathered life that finds a tempo- rary home inside your garden fence. You never suspected a bullfinch's nest in that Crimson Rambler on the trellis, but the soft notes of bullfinch conversation surround you now on every side. The gardener has some remarks to make, too, about the family of hawfinches which visit the Green Peas in the very early morning liefore he gets to work, and the resonant "chew-chew-chew" of young greenfinches seems to fill every corner of the kitchen garden. More musical, with their alternate high and low call-notes, are the families of linnets, and very handsome are the fathers in their ruddy waistcoats and pale- barred wing.s. But to have many linnets in your garden, even in districts where linnets CAMPANDLA PERKGRINA. Just over half natural size.) are so numerous as to surprise the London visitor— who sees " cage-birds " in every hedge — you must have lots of weeds in seed, and it is not everyone who sighs to see a great Sow- thistle that had smuggled itself among the Sweet Peas uprooted, because he thinks how many linnets might have visited that weed. Where redpolls breed, too, you may be sure of hearing their deep, distinctive twitter wherever the Sow-thistle is tound, and if in some " knuckle end " of your garden you can allow the seed-pods of the Godetia to ripjn, the red- polls, if there are any in the neighbourhood, will find them out and let you wat:h them from the distance of a few feet as they labour to open the stout pods. Cornflower and Goldfinch. Best, perhaps, of all the uninvited family parties which jncnic in your garden in .luly, are the goldfinches. If you have a very formal garden you cannot grow blue Cornttowers, because these are common, straggling wild flowers which horticulture has not managed to " improve." From a penny packet of seed the cottager can grow them of every shade — from blackish purple, through the wh'ile gamut of blues and pinks, to pure white, with a faint blu-sh in the centre ; but, beautiful as all may be, the original heaven's blue of the wild Cornflower remains the loveliest ; but apart from this charm of colour the jilant has no " garden '' virtues. Its foliage is paltry, and its straggling habit makes it an eyesore everywhere excejJt in the wildest of wild gardens. In diy seasons, moreover, it has an ott'ensive way of crinkling up, so that, although its blooms are beautiful as ever, the plant itself looks so manifestly diseased that you ought to root it up without a moment's hesitation. Yet, if you have ever watched a family of goldfinches, fluttering with gold- splashed wings among the azure Cornflowers, while their .scarlet-crowned parents taught them how to cling to the yielding stalks and e.xtract the seeds while hanging head downwards, you will be very loth to part with a single Corn- flower. And the worst of it is that the more untidy and "seedy" the Corn- flowers become, the more attractive they are to the goldfinche.s. 'J'his, however — like the Godetia .seeds and the redpolls or the Sow-thistles and the linnet s — i s only another instance of the difficulty of keep- ing a tidy garden if you are fond of birds, unless the garden is large enough for you to make a " bird corner " in it. The Partridge Question. .Tust now the bird l)roblem of my own garden is partridges. It recurs every year, and in much the same shape. This year there were eighteen eggs in a cunning nest under a young Austrian Pine in the .shrubbery and seventeen chicks were hatched. Of these, one has died, Ijecause I counted only si.xteen crossing the path from the Cabbages to the Raspberries a day or two ago. The gardener objects on principle to "nigh a score of birds" clucking and pecking among his vegetables, though he grudgingly defers to my assertion that young partridges only eat insects, and are, therefore, welcome guests in a garden. If they would not subsequently always choose seed-beds for 64 THE GARDEN. [July 25, 1903. their dust-baths and pickup the seeds scattered during the operation, this argument might hold good to the end ; but it always ends in a tacit compromise that the gardener may " shoo " the partridges out of the vegetables and even throw clods at them, so long as he is careful not to hit them, provided that they are unmolested when they walk about the lawns or the shrubberies. They soon learn that if they are hunted out of one part of the garden they may remain in another, and when the annual partridge drives take place in winter we have our reward. The country.side around may be re-echoing with the volley-firing of crack shots, piling up their score of so many hundred brace killed before lunch, but our garden will be full of the crowing and clucking of partridges, who knew where they would be safe when the noise began. They are scarcely as big as sparrows yet and cannot tly over a Cabbage, but in December they will be glad to come whirring over the Pine trees into sanctuary. E. K. E. pressed moderately firm and watered before sowing. Cover the seeds very slightly and place a sheet of glass over the pan, which may then be placed on a shelf in a shady position in a somewhat elose house or pit. In either position attend care- fully to the condition of moisture of the soil or the seeds will not germinate freely. Celsia Arctcrus. As soon as the young seedling plants are big enough to handle prick them off to three round the side of a 3-inch pot, and in this way grow them on till they get into 6-inch or Winch pots, in which they will make a fine display during the early months of the year. Wendomr. J- Jacques. GARDENING OF THE WEEK. INDOOR GARDEN. A MARYLLISES now ripening up their /\ growlh in cool, airy pits or houses / \ should not be prematurely deprived / \ of water at the root so long as the y \ foliage continues green, but keep the soil in the pots slightly moist, and during hot, bright weather a shading of light tiffany will protect the foliage from the fierce ra3s of the sun and allow it to complete its proper functions. Nerines, which are more advanced in the ripening process than the former, should be exposed to the full sun in cool, well ventilated pits, and as the foliage becomes exhausted and dies off moisture must be entirely withheld and the pots stored away in a dry shed or room. Cinerarias. Young seedling plants established in 3-inch pots should be potted on before the pots become full of roots, otherwise they will receive a check, and those previously pricked out in boxes should now be potted singly in 3-inch or 4.inch size, according to the strength of the plants. These should all be placed in a cold frame in a shad)' position, or reverse the position of the frame and give it a northern aspect. Keep the atmosphere moist and shade the plants whenever the sun is powerful. Primula sinensis. Young plants require a slightly warmer and drier atmosphere than the Cineraria, and should be potted in a compost of one-third each of loam, leaf-soil, and peat made sufficiently porous by the addition of sand and broken charcoal. The earlier plants should now be ready for 5-inch pots, and after the potting should be placed in a frame near the glass and given a shading of tiffany on all bright days. Watering should be attended to care- fully, and must not at any lime be given in excess. The ventilation also requires close attention to keep the plants sturdy and compact, for if kept too close they quickly become drawn, and are apt to fall about in the pot. Tree Carnations. Old plants of these in 0-inch or 7-inch pots from which the summer crop of flowers has been cut may now be potted into pots one size larger and grown on for next season. Where a cold house can be given them it is to be preferred to placing these plants out of doors. During the summer they require a light shade, and the house must be occasionally damped. HUMEA ELEGANS. As soon as ripened seeds of this season's growth can be obtained make a sowing for next year's display. Use small, shallow pans well drained and filled with equal parts of light loam and decayed leaf-soil, with a free addition of sand, FRUIT GARDEN. Melons. Plants in pits and frames swelling off' fruit will now take an abundance of water at the roots. During unfavourable, cold, wet seasons it is not advisable to water overhead in these structures, where the plants are more subject to canker than when grown in houses, and spider does not make so much headway ; but advantage may be taken of a fine afternoon for flooding the bed with water at a temperature of 8.5'^ to 90" without wetting the foliage, and closing about half-past three, when the atmospheric moisture will produce conditions highly favourable to the rapid development of the fruit. Pay particular attention to the preser- vation of the old leaves, as they cannot be interfered with without producing a check, and give them full exposure to sun and light by cutting away all lateral growths and keeping the glass clean. Elevate the fruits on inverted pots, on a level with, but not above, the foliage, as some varieties are liable to become discoloured when they change for ripening if night airing is neglected. Attend well to the linings by turning and renovating with fresh manure before the heat in the beds shows signs of declining, cover with good dry mats, and give a chink of night air to prevent an accumula- tion of rank steam and condensation of moisture on the fruit. Get out young plants before they become pot- bound, and make a good sowing of some quick- truitingsort for coming in October. Cucombers. If a heated compartment, perhaps now filled with Melons, will be at liberty in about three weeks, the present time will be favourable for sowing a lew seeds of Telegraph or some other favourite variety for autumn fruiting. Be careful to cleanse the house thoroughly. Also prepare the necessary material for giving bottom-heat. Have it well worked before it is taken in, and defer plunging the fruiting pots or making the ridges until all danger of burning the soil has passed away. Make frequent additions of light, rich turf to the roots of plants which have been in bearing for some time, feed copiously with clean litiuid, and water occa- sionally with warm clarified lime water to keep the hills free from worms. COCCMBERS IN FRAMES. These are now in fall bearing, and will require unremitting attention if they are to be kept in good order for any length of time. Dress them over three times a week and earth up with rich turf and old lime rubble as the roots find their way to the surface. Attend to the linings, as want of bottom- heat is often the forerunner of canker and mildew on plants in frames that have been started well and afterwards neglected. When the oldest plants show signs of exhaustion cut out all the fruit and old leaves, peg the plants down on the hills, pack the joints with pieces of fresh turf, and keep the frame close, moist, and shaded until new growth sets in. Madre'ifi'dd Court. William Crump. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. Endive. Make frequent sowings, plant out when large enough in rich soil, and keep well watered both with clear water and liquid manure. This is one of those salad plants that should be accorded liberal treatment so that large, well blanched heads may be had in the quickest possible time ; no bolting will then take place. There are various methods adopted in blanching, viz., by tying when the leaves are drj-, bj' placing inverted flower pots over them, and by laying a clean, dry roofing-tile upon each plant when about three parts grown. I prefer the latter mode for the curled variety, whdst the tying up process answers well for the Uatavian. Globe Artichokes. These are very late in producing heads this season, owing to the severe and continued check the plants received in May and June. Cut the stems down as the heads are cut, and apply a heavy mulch and frequent copious waterings. By so doing fleshy heads may be cut for a long period and the plants will be strengthened for another year. Having regard to the tenderness of this esculent there can be no doubt that it is a good practice to annually lift some strong side shoots in autumn and pot them up. Keep them in a cold house or pit, and plant out at the end of April ; especially is this ■ method recommended where the soil is stiff and cold and other conditions of the district are un- congenial. Peas. The mid-season and late crops are looking healthy and robust in this district, and if not already done the surface should be mulched for the double purpose of conserving moisture and affording nutri- ment. Any check they receive at this time through becoming dry at the roots or impoverished will tend to bring on an attack of mildew and the ultimate diminution of the crop. It frequently happens that the haulm falls outwards from the supporting sticks, hence it is necessary to pass a string of cocoanut fibre down the entire length of the row, passing it round Bean-poles inserted firmly in the ground at intervals of about 10 feet to keep it tight. This operation should be repeated as growth proceeds. Tomatoes for Winter. Sow seed or insert strong cuttings of varieties that are known to answer for winter fruiting. Winter Beauty is one of the best. Raise them in cool quarters and grow sturdily throughout. To ensure this avoid the use of fire-heat until cold weather sets in, and do not feed the plants. Pot on firmly as required, using a compost mainly of loam, adding sutiicient nodules of charcoal and road grit to make the whole porous. Ten-inch pots will be large enough for fruiting the plants in. Asparagus Beds. Keep these free from weeds and treat liberally at this time in order that the plants may recu- perate for another year. By ceasing to cut some- what earlier than usual, and b)' feeding occasionally with salt, soot, and artificial manure, the growths now are exceptionally robust. H. T. Martin. Stonehiijh Ahhey Gardens. FLOWER GARDEN. Carnations. The Carnation and Picotee are best propagated by layers, and this important work should now have attention. The operation in itself is very simple, and very easily learnt by those who are so disposed. The operator should provide himself with a good kneeling pad, a sharp knife, and a pair of sharp scissors. Remove the leaves which ensheath each layer up to the third or fourth joint, counting from the top. This removal is generally effected with a slight horizontal rift, but where the layer is very succulent a pair of sharp scissors should be used. The plant being thus prepared, remove any dead leaves and a little of the old soil, and place the compost, previously' prepared, round the plant. Take the layer firmly between the left forefinger and thumb and thrust the point of the knife through the third or fourth joint, as the laj'er may be more or less matured ; band the layer until the joint just cut freely opens, press gently into the soil, and peg firmly. I have found from experience July 25, Jiy03.1 THE GARDEN. 65 that pegs made from the tops of Pea sticks answer best for this purpose. Galvanised wire is largely used, but this is liable to rust, and, if overlooked when removing the layers, may occasion the disruption and destruction of them. When layering is finished water lightly with the fine-rosed pot. Should sparrows and other birds be troublesome when removing the soil from the newly-layered plants, sprinkle a little soot over the soil occasionally ; this will help to keep them at bay. Fern-hkk Plants for the Flower Gardes. However much we may appreciate Ferns in the plant houses, we have .\et but rarely employed ihem in the flower garden, and there are many obstacles which are likely to prevent their use there. We have only to look among herbaceous plants to find many things with all the grace of a Fern and yet will withstand the sun as well as a Toadflax. Thalictrum minus, although growing freely in ordinary soil in the full sun and being perfectly hardy and permanent, is almost as attractive as Adiantum cuneatum. T, folium is a very interesting plant ; the foliage is very pretty and mosl suitable for cutting. T. aquilegifolium is a fine border plant, with yellowish flowers and handsome foliage. Primroses and Polyanthuses. Those who wish to save seed of any special varieties of these must now keep a watchful eye on them, the former especially, as in sunny aspects it is very probable that the pods from the earliesi flowers that have, as is the rule, curled down beneath the leafage have burst and perhaps shed their seed. A few days of warm dry weather serve to ripen seed of this description very rapidlj-. 8eed should be sown immediately after it is gathered or it will grow with vigour if kept till the following spring. If sown now a bed of finely-pulverised soil in the open air w'ill answer to per- fection. T. B. Field. AfhwelUhorpe Hall Gardens, Noririch. adianti- One noted grower years ago used to be credited with the practice of netting his Melons according to his taste and fancy by scratching the surface when young with a needle. As thefruitdeveloped, so of course did the markings, presenting a pretty picture or not when ripe, according to the talent of the artist. I mention this to show the importance of providing supports which give a well-balanced support to the fruit. Many growers are satisfied with tj'ing the fruits under the trellis with a strong piece of matting passed crossways under the fruit. In the hands of capable growers this method answers very well ; but there is always a danger of the matting shifting and the fruit falling, or of the decay of the matting, and so let the fruit drop. Another way preferred by many is to have pieces of board .5 inches square, and suspend the same under the fruit, fastening them by strings from each corner of the board to the trellis, and boring a hole in the middle to pass away moisture which may collect and settle on the former. This method gives steady and effective support to the fruit ; but the objection to it is that the base of the fruit receives CORRESPONDENCE. (T/ie Editor U not respoimble for the opinions expressed by correspondents.) CYTISUS ANDREANUS. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] SIR, — I sympathise very much with Mr. Burrell" in his disappointment in con- nexion with the planting of this very pretty and, I still think, very easily cullivated Broom, as described on page 437 of the last volume. I have found it quite at home in soils and under circumstances in which Prunus Pissardi is found to do well. Were the plants which so failed such as are sometimes supplied by the trade grafted on the roots or stems of young seedling Laburnums? If so, the cause of failure would seem very obvious. Such plants rarely, if ever, give satisfaction ; they generally, indeed, flower freely for a season or two, but soon become stunted and sickly, and die off after a few years. I would therefore advise Mr. Burrell to SUPPORTING MELON FRUITS. When the Melon is growing under natural conditions it is a prostrate plant, and the fruit immediately it is formed finds a secure resting place on the ground, so that the stem of the plant at no time suffers from supporting its own weight. It is very difl'erent in the case of this fruit when giown under glass or trellis suspended from the roof. The question then becomes an important one as to which is the most effective method of helping the plant to bear the great weight of the crop it often carries. Amateurs and beginners are oi'len puzzled in this matter, as from time to time many and varied contrivances are recommended. (Jne or two facts should be borne in mind relative to this aspect of successful Melon growing, as they unquestionably have a certain bearing and influence on the succeis of the crop. The first is that the support should be given liefore the fruit becomes heavy enough to bend and distress the shoot on which it is grown, that is, as soon as it is the size of a pigeon's egg. If left unsupported too long the tissues of the shoots become disturbed and damaged, unfitting them afterwards to develop and bring the fruit to perfection. The second important point to notice is to see that the resting parts of the support are well distributed under the base of the fruit, for if undue pressure is exercised at any one point at this and subsequent stages of the fruit's growth, the furface of the Melon may be disfigured by the line of contact being impressed permanently on it. So tender is the skin of the Melon at this stage of its growth that the least scratch will leave au iudelible maik. A GMOD method of SUPPORTI.VO MELONS, its whole weight during growth, and often, in consequence of the moist atmosphere caused by syringing and evaporation, the boards are more or less damp always, causing many of the fruits to split and give way at the base before ripening. The method now most generally adooted aid which we recommend is the one illustrated — namely, supporting by small nets specially made for the purpose. These are easily fixed, and tlie support is evenly distributed, with no undue pressure on any particular point, and there is no danger of the fruit falling. The only precaution to take under this method is to prevent the possi- bility of marking the surface of the fruit, and this ran be done by occasionally' hoisting the net, so that the strong markings are not always on the same part of the surface. Owen Tho.mas. A larg'e Cucumber.— Mr. E. L. L. Thornycroft writes from Thornycroft Hall, Sid- dington, Crewe : " My gardener brought me in recently a Cucumber, of which he was very proud. It weighed 31b. lloz. , was 20 inches long, and 8J inches round ; it was Dickson's Ex- celsior." procure a fresh stock, taking care that the plants are on their own roots — whether produced from cuttings or layers, or even seedlings— as, happily, from '20 to 3U per cent, of these are found to come true, and may ea.'sily be tested before they are planted out in their permanent quarters. H. F. THE DOUBLE CKIMSON SWEET WILLIAM (DIANTHUS BAKBATUS MAGNIFICUS). [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — " R. P." in speaking of this plant says '■ "There is no doubt as to its being difficult to keep," a statement requiring a little modification so far as my own experience goes. I have always found that in light, very sand}', much drained soils, it is certainly difficult to keep, while in the more holding and clayey soils the plant is one of the most easy to deal with of my acquaintance. This is not the result of a single experience, but in gardens and localities as far removed as Bucking- hamshire, Birmingham, Gloucestershire, Cheshire, &o., where heavy soils have obtained, the plant 66 THE GARDEN. [July 25, 1903. grew and increased most freely. On light soils as at Tooting and in this (Hannpton) district it requires special care and attention, and even then is without much of the vigour of those grown in the more heavy soils. It may be in these colder and more tenacious soils there is a something veiy near akin to the "cool damp soils of Scotland," and it is in this the plant delights. In a (Uouces- tershire garden I once made an edging of it, and was amazed at its success and the way the plant grew from the base. In this district, to which repeatedly plants have been transferred from the above, the plant refused to develop. Obviously on the more holding soils the plant is a success, and on the reputedly light and warm soils can scarcely be comforted at all. I strongly advise those who garden on heavy soils to try it and report results. Hampton Hill. E. .Ienkins. BEDDING PANSIES. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] S,R,_I observe Mr. .John Fleming, when gardener at Cliveden, is credited with the popularising of the Tufted Pansy, or bedding Viola. In a certain sense that is true, because he largely employed in the huge beds at Cliveden the old Cliveden Blue, Purple, and White. Bat these were not of the strain of the Tufted Pansies of to-day. They were bedding Pansies of a very diverse race. It was not till some time later that the wordy war between the late John Wills and Mr. Eiclward Bennett broke out over the great progenitor of the Tufted Pansy, Viola cornuta, or that farther discussion as to the origin of its progeny, Viola Perfection, began. Then came many others, one of the most popular and widely grown being Blue Bell, raised as a chance seedling in Mr. R. Dean's garden at Ealing thirty years ago, and yet seen in many gardens, while myriads of others since raised and acclaimed have dis- appeared. John Fleming had, I think, passed away long before the Tufted Pansy of to-day had become what it is. If some varieties have been worthless very many have proved to be valuable additions to our flower gardens. A. D. rampantly, and if permitted will carry a heavy crop without injury for three or four years. There are very few cultivators who will not gratify their vanity by occasionally growing sensationally heavy crops, unconsciously ignoring the fact that Nature abused will have her revenge, inevitably causing disappointment and failure in after years. This is especially so in the case of the M uscat of Alexandria, as its constitution is not naturally so strong and vigorous as the majority of Vines. The foliage especially is thin, making it an easy victim to insects and various diseases. In our case the Vines had been planted five or six years in a raised inside border, and had succeeded remarkably well for the first few years, finishing off heavy crops of excellent Orapes. However, towards the end of June and early in July in the fifth year the Vines became affected in the same way as our corre- spondent's, and we feared a total collapse ; however, by considerably reducing the crop, by the encourage- ment of lateral growth, by light shading with herring nets, and repeated soakings of clear lime water, we succeeded in ripening the Grapes perfectly. In the winter we thoroughly examined the border and found abundance of roots and came to the conclusion that by heavy cropping and copious waterings the comparatively limited soil of the border had been so impoverished, or the fertilising elements were insoluble owing to the absence of lime in the soil, that the Vines were starving. In late autumn we had as much of the soil removed as possible without disturbing the roots too much, adding to the new turf some .^inch bones, a sprinkling of bone-dust, old mortar and lime rubble, not forgetting a liberal addition of quicklime. This treatment effected a complete cure, and we have not had a recurrence of the trouble since. Our case may not have been on parallel lines with our correspondent's, but we offer him our experience for what it is worth. This is a complaint of frequent occurrence with Muscat Vines, and we invite correspondence from our readers interested in the subject. — Ed.] Our correspondent, after clearing away the Duck- weed, and subsequently keeping the surface of the water clear, will in future doubtless succeed with the culture. There are many waj's of clearing the water of this weed — the most common waj' is by scooping it ofl' with a fine sieve fastened to a pole. A man entering the water would soon clear the area mentioned, and by repeating the operation occasionally the water would be kept clear. In America, we believe, the surface of ornamental waters is kept free from weeds by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The mixture is used in a diluted and weak state, and is found to kill the weeds in a few da3's. We have had no experience with this remedy ourselves, but it might be tried upon a yard or two of the water first, and, if successful, its application could be soon extended. — Ed.1 MUSCAT VINES FAILING. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir,— I am sending some Vine leaves for your inspection. Can you please say the cause of the yellow sjiots or markings on the leaves which eventually turn brown? The Vines until about three weeks ago looked in perfect health. They are grown in a raised bo.der which is wholly inside, and are about six years old. I have dug down into the border and find it in perfect condition asto moisture, and in doing so came across some fine healthy roots. I shall be pleased if you can suggest any remedy. I may mention that in among the Muscats, near the middle of the house, is a I^ady Downes' Vine, which was planted by mistake. Instead of taking it out I put on a dormant bud of the Muscat last spring, which made a splendid cane by the end of the season. It is now carrying several good bunches, and, strange to say, this Vine is, with the exception of two or three leaves, free from the trouble in question. The Vines are growing in a span vinery running north and south, and it is the east side th.at is the worst affected, those on the west side are older canes, but are affected in places. York.. G. T. [Our correspondent hps placed before us very clearly a case of diseased Muscat Vine leaves, which one seldom hears of but often sees — namely, yellow spots on the leaves and margins, eventually causing the tissues affected to turn brown and wither away. This affection is certainly not caused by red spider, neither can we trace any indication of a fungoid attack. We think that some light might be thrown on the subject by submitting specimens of the affected leaves to the scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. We had an experience very similar to our cor- respondent's a few years ago, and we traced the trouble to be due to over-cropping the Vines while young. The Muscat in its early stages of life grows HYBRID WATER LILIES FAILING. [To THE Editor of " The Garden."] Sir, — Some four years ago I planted several Nymphasas in an oval pond some 71' feet to S(l feet long by about 45 feet wide. The water is from ■2 feet to 4 feet deep in winter, and 1 foot to 3 feet in summer, and chiefly supplied by rain. A few plants came up and flowered. The second year I planted some more. Still fewer came up and flowered. The third year I planted more, and none came up. Last May I again planted, and none appeared. I may mention all the Lilies were planted about May in each year in wicker baskets, in good loam, and all the Lilies were of the newer sorts. I may also mention the pond has been during the last three years, and still is, rather thickly covered with Duckweed. Esfif'.i\ R. T. S. [We sympathise with our correspondent, and consider after his successive attempts at growing these beautiful Lilies, that if he has not succeeded in commanding success he has certainly deserved to succeed. He seems to have observed and carried out all the details essential to success as regards soil and planting, &c. Vet, in our opinion, it is not difficult to point to the cause of failure, and this is expressed in the last sentence of our cor- respondent's statement — namely, "that the pond was rather thickly covered with Duckweed, and has been so for three years." From our experience of water covered by this weed in summer, we have no hesitation in saying that it is hopeless to expect to succeed with these Lilies while the water is in this condition. Nymph;eas love warmth, and in proportion to the warmth of the water in summer will be the measure of their success. As long as this weed is permitted to form a coating on the surface of the water, it is quite impossible for the sun's rays to penetrate. If the temperature of this covered water were taken — say 6 inches to 12 inches under the surface — and compared with water from weed, and open to the sun's influence, a did'erence in temperature would be found of not less than from li" to S" in favour of the latter. EXTENSION OF HAMPSTEAD HEATH. [To THE Editor of "The Garden."] Sir, — Your notice about the extension of Hamp- stead Heath showed your sympathy with the movement, and therefore you will, perhaps, allow me to add the names of the officers of the council and my address, to which offers of donations can be sent. The Right Hon. G. .1. Shaw Lefevre is the President, the Earl of Meath is the Vice- President, Sir Robert Hunter and Mr. E. Bond, M.P. , are joint treasurers, the Bankers of the Fund are the London and South-Western, Limited, •2S, High Street, Hampstead, and Lloyd's Bank, Limited, Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead, and 1 am honorary secretary. Our first council meeting was held on June 26, but already nearly £7,.')o2 has been promised, besides £3,000 conditionally ottered ; but that sum is a long way below the total of £48,000 that is needed. It behoves, therefore, all who care to preserve the beauty and freshness of Hampstead Heath to send their gifts or promise iritliouf delay .• and if any will bestir themselves to interest others, I shall be glad to send a paper giving full details, with a map, a picture of the Heath and the fields, subscription forms, and any other information that is required. It is delightful to those of us who know the lives of town workers, the stress and pain of heat, and crowds and noise, to think that the Tube will soon bring swiftly and cheaply hundreds and thousands of them out to the clean air and verdant loveliness which the Heath affords. But unless the eighty acres of the neighbouring fields are secured, the large numbers will destroy the beauty they go to seek, and the streets of small houses that it is proposed to build will spoil the far-famed view, and defile the bright high air with smoke. It is not as one who sometimes rests in a cottage in Hampstead, but as one who often works in Whitechapel, and knows the conditions of the thousands of people who live in places where flowers will not grow, that I tell of this need to the public-spirited of your readers who care to give to impersonal causes. He.vkietta 0. Barnett, Hon. Sec. of the Hampstead Heath Extension Council. BOOKS. The ^Vild Garden.*— We welcome a new edition of this excellent book, which may be accepted as the standard authority on the delightful subject of gardening in the wild. In the preface to the new edition the author writes: "The best thing I have learnt from my own wild gardening is that we may grow without care many lovely early bulbs in the turf of meadows, i.e., fields mown for hay, without in the least interfering with the use of the fields. The blue Anemones, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus, Snowflakes, Grape Hyacinths, Dog's-tooth Violets, Stars of Bethlehem, Fritillaries, St. Bruno's Lily, Snow-glories, wild Hyacinths, Scilla, and wild 'Tulips, best fitted for this early gardening in the meadow turf, wither before the hay is ready for • "The Wild Garden," by William Robiiiann (Miuray). Price 103. Gd. New ediLiuu. July 1903.] THE GARDEN. 67 welcome this addeuda to Sanders' excel- lent work. The new tables of hybrids consist of those crosses raised and recorded since the guide appeared, and every care has been taken to verify the records. We agree with the authors when they state that "we believe first expanded blooms droop, and, the centre being filled by the later ones, the entire inflo- rescence is more spherical than in the type. The colour is a shade of pale lavender, but if the plant were grown outdoors the tint probably would be somewhat deeper. This these and the preceding tables will be Agapanthus was introduced from South Africa. found to be an essential guide in every - Orchid collection, particularly as glance at them will help to avoid the too prevalent duplication and synonymy existing in the present nomenclature of hybrids." It is interesting to notice that Oypripediums and Cattleyas fill the greatest number of pages. SOCIETIES. THE NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY AT GLASGOW. The visit of the National Rose Society to Glasgow on the loth inst. is the second occasion theRosarians of the south have crossed the Border, they having visited Edinburgh many years ago when, in con- nexion with the summer exhibition of the Royal Caledonian Societ}', a National Rose Show was held in the spacious Waverley Maiket. The St. Andrew's Hall, in which the present exhibition was ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPDM OR.MRKANUH. (Xatural size.) the scythe, and we do not find a trace of the that ODONTOGLOSSUM CRIS- PUM GRAIREANUM. TllEUE have been shown lately many finely spotted forms of Odontoglos- sum crispuni, and although a few held, though the finest building of the kind in the were quite distinct in form of flower. North is, mainly on account of deficiency of ■ • • ■• ■ ■ • light, ill adapted to flower showing, at least one- f the blooms on Wednesday week being set colour, size, shape, and disposition of the markings, many very cljsely resembled each other. The flower we now illustrate is (luite a welcome leaves of many of them at hay time. Many of the change from the plethora of those whose only plants of the mountains of central Europe and also of those of what we call the south and east, such as ihosB of Greece and Asia Minor, bloom with me earlier than our own field or woodland flowers. Our feebler sun awakes them in the snowless fields, and so we enjoy many spring flowers while our grass is brown. And if they come so early in the cool and high 'forest range' in Sussex, they will be no less early in the warm soils, as in Surrey or in the many valley soils, sheltered aa they often are by groves and banks is, not only for it^ beauty but because it lets us make an end of the repealed digging up of the dower for the sake of a few annual and other spring flowers — themselves to be removed just in the loveliest summer days." This is the keynote to (he book, which describes the way the finer native plants from other lands should be introduced in the wild and rougher places in the woodland, in the home grounds, and the many lovely things that may be grouped and naturalised in ditch, lane, copse, hedgerow, brookside, water, and bog. William Bull and Sons of Chelsea was this striking Agapan- thus. Though It tells of the beauty of grassy woodland walk and assigned specific rank paths, and gives helpful lists of those things which jt j^ more than pro- bable that it will be classed by botanists as a variety of the old and popular fifth in a kind of twilight, and as ihe weather was typical of Glasgow — "aye raining" — not one tiny blink of sunshine appeared to lighten the gloom. However, the Roses themselves were in such glorious form that ihey compensated for any draw- tjacks in connexion wiLli their surroundings. Those competent to judge declared this to be the Rose show of the year, and quite equal to any previously held under the auspices of the National Rose Society. It is unfortunate that the backwardness of Scottish Roses prevented such champions as Messrs. Croll, of Dundee, and Messrs. Cocker, Aberdeen, from showing, the only firm present with flowers being Mr. Robertson, Hellensburgh. The officials of the West of Scotland Rosarians Society, in conjunction with which association the National Rose Society held this provincial show, were, it is only courteous to say, most attentive in giving every facility for reporting. The arrange- ments on the whole were most commendable. JDBILEE THOI'IIY. ' Two handsome cups, with a not extravagantly large bonus Recently flowering in the nur.sery of Messrs. 1 in cash, one for nmseiymen and the other tur amalems. claim to notoriety lay in the heavy blotches and s])ots with which they were marked. Instead of these characters, the petals and sepals are sutJ'used all over with a delight- ful blending of red, brown, orange, and purple, the first-named colour prevailing towards the centre of the flower. Sepals, petals, and lip have white margin.-?, and splashes of white show here and there through the ground colouring. Norman C. Cookson, Esq. of evergreens. As nearly every country house is (gardener, Mr. H. J. Chapman), Oakwood, set in meadows, it is easy to see what again this VVylam-on-Tyne, exhibited this new Odonto glossum at the Temple sho«f on May :2G, 27, 28, and it then received a first-class certificate. AGAPANTHUS INSIGNIS. the planter should take as his guide. Another grateful feature of the book is that it is illustrated with wood illustrations, made chiefly from drawings hy Alfred Parsons. This edition of the "Wild Garden" is the outcome of the author's ripe: , tl ' ' 1 1 experience. • Twenty years have gone by since the Agapanthus uniDel- first edition appeared, ami throughout that time ; \*'''^'^- hioweyer, he has experimented in the home grounds and trom the ordinary woodland, with the result that the present volume , form it differs in is as complete and useful as a long experience can \ several well-marked make it. The chapter "Some Results," by Mr. 'particulars. The William Brockbauk, is full of suggestions, and flower scape of the appeared originiUy in The Gakuen. That devoted specimen shown was to " Hardy Exotic Flowering Plants for the Wiid u^ugh taller than is Garden" is one of the most helpful in the book, Mgnallv seen while and is a guide to the soils required by the various ■ ■■ ' things described. Here is a note about Mulgedium Plumieri, which was sent a few days ago for our table: "A plant of distinct port, with purplish blue blossoms. Till recently it was generally the foliage is also distinct, the basal portion of the leaf laemg marked in the seen in botanic gardens only, but it has many ! centre wi^ih a creamy " ' ups in tint. The most merits as a wild garden plant and for grou_ quiet green corners of pleasure grounds or shrub- beries. It does best in rather rich ground, and in such will pay all who plant it, being a hardy and long-lived perennial. The foliage is sometimes over a yard long, and the flower-stems over 6 feet high in good soil." Addenda to Sanders' Orchid ,, .. Guide, 1901-3.-It is necessary in these days any other .lorm, when hybrids are being raised with surprising added tO which they freedom for supplements to be issued with a : are borne on longer standard guide at certain intervals. We therefore | pedicels, SO that the t striking feature of all is, however, the head of blossoms, for the individual flowers are far more numerous than i n S.ESSKS. BOLLS NE .V AOAP.INTUUS. 68 THE GARDEN. [Jur.Y 25, 1903. were productive of the finest blooms in the show. For the former the prize was for thirty-six Ijlooras, disliiict varieties, there being nine entries. Messrs. Harlcnessand Co., Hitchili, was easily first witli a superb set of blooms, large, fresh, and in perfect colour. The varieties comprised Mildred Grant, Gustave Piganeau, Bessie Brown (extra fine), Ulrich Brunner, Papa Lambert (very fine), the same remark to Gladys Hark- ness, Her Majesty, and Marie Rady ; Marie Baumann, Mme. Victor Verdier, Lady Mary Beanclaire (a lovely bloom), Mme. Charles Crapelet, A. K. Williams, Maman Cochet (extra), Comtesse de Ludre, Kaiserin A. Victoria, Jlme. Ousin, Souvenir d Elise, Prince Arthur (a fine bloom). White Maman Cochet, Fisher Holmes, Ellen Drew (lovely in colour), Mrs. Cocker, Louis Van Iloutte, Mrs. .Tohn Laing, IHike of Edinburgh, Killarney (lovely), Duke of Wellington, Marchioness of l-iownshire, Jean Soupert, Mrs. Edward Mawley, Victor Hugo (in wonderful colour), Niphetus, and Ulster. There was some dirtlculty in determining to whom the second prize should be awarded, the fight between Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, The 7ellington. Crown Prince, Kaiserin A. Victoria, Beauty of Waltham, Robert Duncan, White Maman Cochet, La France de 'SO, Victor Hugo, Clio, Killarney, Magna Charta, Maman Cochet, Reynolds Hole, and Ulrich Brunner ; Messrs. J. Jeffries and Son, Cirencester, were a capital second, and Mr. David Robertson, Helens- burgh, third. For sixteen trebles, Messrs. Townsend and Son were again first; Mr. George Prince, Longworth, second, with among other lovely examples of Cimitesse de Nadaillac, Muriel Grahame, Ernest Metz, E. V. Hermanos, Bessie Brown, The Bride, Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford, Mrs. E. Mawley, Brides- maid, and Mildred Grant ; Messrs. John .lefiries and Son, Cirencester, were third. For eighteen blooms, distinct varieties, 'i'eas and Noisettes, Mr. George Prince, Longworth, was awaided first, staging grand and wonderfully coloured blooms. The varieties were White Maman Cochet, Ernest Metz, Comtesse de Nadaillac, La Boule d'Or, lunocente Pirola, Maman Cochet, Mrs. E. Mawley, Medea (very fine). Bridesmaid, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Souvenir d'un Ami, Golden Gate, Cornelia Koch, Muriel Grahame, Mar^chal Niel, Miss Edith Brownlow, The Bride, and E. V. Hermandos. Messrs. Frank Cant and Co., Colchester, were second— Mrs. E. Mawley, Francisca Kiuger, and Etoile de Lyon being noteworthy blooms ; third, Messrs. D. Prior and Son, Colchester. For twelve blooms. Teas and Noisettes, there were nine entries. Messrs. Townsend and Sons, Lower Broadheath, Worcester, being first ; second, Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast ; third, Mr. John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford. Ore.N. Twelve blooms of new Roses, distinct varieties : First, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited ; second, Messrs. F\ Cant and Co. ; third, B. R. Cant and Sons. Twelve white or yellow Roses (twelve entries); First, Messrs. A. Dickson and .Sons, Limited, with grand Duchess of Portland ; second, Jlr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, with lovely blooms of Bessie Brown ; third, Mr. George Prince. Twelve blocuns, light pink or rose coloured varieties ; First, Mr. George Prince, with grand blooms of Mildred Grant; second, Messrs. F\ Cant and Co., with same variety ; third, Mr. Hugh Dickson, with UUter. Twelve blooms, light or dark crimson varieties : First, Meosrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, with A. K. Williams; second, Messrs. Townsend and Son, with Roseiiste Jacobs ; third, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited. Twelve varieties, fives in vases. These, like the foregoing, were badly placed, but some grand flowers were shown. Mr. George Prince was first, with unnamed varieties ; Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited, second ; and Messrs. Townsend a close third. The next class was for new seedling Roses, or distinct sports, three trusses, either not yet in commerce, or not distributed earlier than November, 11102. Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, gold medal for Hugh Dickson, H P. ; card of com- mendation tor J. B. Claik, H.T. Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited, Newtownards, gold medal for Mrs. David McKie ; card of commendation for Dean Hole and Duchess of Westminster. Messrs. B. R. Cant and Sons, Colchester, gold medal for climbing Polyantha Blush Rambler. For twelve Teas and Noisettes, distinct varieties (trebles), a grand class, Mr. George Prince was first ; second, Messrs. F. I'ant and Co. ; third, Messrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Limited. For eighteen distinct, garden, or decorative varieties, not less than thiee trusses of each (space S feet by 3 feet), there was only a slight competition. The first prize was awarded to Mr. John Mattock, New Headington, Oxford ; Messrs. F. Cant and Co., second ; and Messrs. Paul and Son, Clieshunt, third. Amateurs. The trophy prizes have already been noted. For thirty-six blooms, distinct varieties, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-Bower, was first, showing Tenny- son, White Maman Cochet, Her Majesty, Mrs. R. F. Sharman Crawford, Mrs. Mawley, Caroline Testout, Papa Lambert, and Frau Karl Druschki ; second, Mr. E. B. Liudsell, with very fresh blooms ; third, Mr. Conway Jones, Gloucester. For eight distinct varieties, three of each, Mr. E. B. Liudsell stood first wilh a grand lot ; second, Mr. H. Machin ; third, Mr. Conway Jones. For nine blooms. Teas and Noisettes excluded, Mr. K- Park, Bedale, was first ; Mr. W. Boyes, 30, Durtield Road, Derby, second ; and the Rev. J. H. Pemberton third. Gkowers oe Less than -i.otiu Roses. The three immediately succeeding classes were confined to growers of less than 2,tlOU Roses. For eighteen distinct varieties : First, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs ; second, Mr. Edward Mawley ; third, Mr. Wliiiile. For six trebles : First, Mr. R. Foley Hobbs ; second, Mr. Midilon Whittle ; third, Mr. E. Mawley. For six blooms. Teas and Noisettes ex luded : First, Mr. R. Foley Jones ; second, Mr. Mawley. OPEN TO Growers of Less than 1,000 Plants. Twelve distinct varieties : First, Mr. R. L. Garnett, Myre- side. Lanes ; second, Mr. G. Moules, Hitchin ; third, Mr. A. Gr,iy,jun., Helensburgh. Open to Growers op Less than 500 Varieties. Six blooms, distinct varieties : I'irst, Mr. H. Adamson, Bedale; second, Mr. W. Upton, Leicester; third, Nina Dickson, Newby Bridge. Oi'EN TO Ai.i, Amateurs. Six blooms ol new Roses, distinct varieties : First, Mr. Conway Jones, with Alice Liudsell, Robert Scott, Gladys Halkness, Mildred Grant, Lady Moyra Beauclerc, and Duchess of Portland ; second, Mr. Mahlon Whittle ; third, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton. Twelve blooms, Teas and Noisettes : First, the Rev. F. R. Burnside, Great Stanbridge Rectory, Essex, with While Jlaman Cochet (also awarded silver medal for best bloom), Comtesse de Nadaillac, La Boule d'Or, Maman Cochet, Edith I'.rownlow, The Bride, Mme. Cusin, Muriel Grahame, Golden Gate, Catherine Mermet, Medea, and Ernest Metz; second, Mr. Conway Jones. I'or nine blooms, the names for first and second are the same, Mr. Liudsell securing third. Ol'EK TO GROWERS OK LESS THAN 600 PLANTS. For nine blooms. Teas and Noisettes: First, Mr. F. Foley Hobbs ; second, Mr. M. Whittle. OI'EN TO Growers of Less than 200 Plants. Six distinct varieties, Teas and Noisettes : F'irst, Mr. W. Upton; second. Rev. R. 1. Langtree, Grange-over-Sands ; third, Mr. H. Adamson. E.\TiiA Class Open to all Amateurs, Six trebles. Teas and Noisettes ; First, Rev. F. R. Burnside, with fine examples. Twelve distinct varieties, garden or decor.ativc Koses (space occupied limited to 0 feet by 3 feet); Equal first. Rev. J. IL Pemberton and Mr. Elward ^[awley. Classes Confinep to Local Growers. Eighteen blooms, distinct varieties: F'irst, Mr. Bennet, Helensburgh ; second, Mr. Russell, Newton Mearns ; third, Mr. .MacFarquhar, Helensburgh. Twelve blooms, distinct varieties : First and silver medal, Mr. Black, Kiiiglussie, I'iie ; second, Mr. Whyte, Helens- burgh ; third, Mr. Smith, Cordrop. Six blooms, distinct varieties ; F'irst, Mr. Russell ; second, Mr. W. K. Gair. In addition to the silver medal Roses already mentioned Messrs. D. Prior and Sons secured one for White Maman Cochet; Mr. E. B. Lind?ell another for a glorious tiloom of Victor Hugo. The King's Acre Nursery Company, Hereford, and Mr. Conway Jones medals for Alildred Grant. Messrs. B. R. Cant, Colchester, staged masses of a new Polyantha, almost single, called Blush Rambler, and among miscellaneous exhibits may be mentioned a group of Carna- tions from Mr. Matthew <_'ampbell. High Blantyre, and an extensive assortment of beautiful Pansies, N'iolas, Sweet Peas, and Pelargoniums, from Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. F 0 R M B Y . THIS successful exhibition was again held, by the kind permission of Mr. F. A. Ruckliff in a field adjoining Briars Hey on the 15tli inst, and it is pleasin.g to report in this trying season an undoubted improvement in all departments in the exhibits staged by gardeners, amateurs, and cottagers. Roses, as usual, were the leading feature, and were not only good in quality but in greater quantity than hitherto. Mr. B. Kennedj , as usual, occupied a foremost position by securing three firsts, having beautiful blooms of La F'rance, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Sharman Crawford, Captain Hayward, Killarney, Bridesmaid, Maman Cochet, Medea, Mme. iUisin, and others. Mr. Luther Watts secured two firsts, and other exhiliitors that led in the several classes were Miss M. A. Rimmer, Messrs. G. Lunt, T. Carlyle, T. Pugli, D. Lever, and J. H. Page. Mr. Carlyle gained the National Rose Society's silver medal for a medium-sized but charming bloom of Maman Cochet. Coming closely on the Rose is the favourite Sweet Pea, which is enhanced in interest by the silver bowl presented by Mr. H. Middlehurst. This brought about a dozen com- petitors, Mr. Dodd, jun., last year's winner, again occupying the premier position wilh well cultivated Howers artistically arranged. Very good were Salopian, Duke of Westminster, Miss Willraott, Emily Eckford, Gorgeous, Lady Grisel Hamilton, &c. Bec.onias were well staged by Jlr. Luther Watts, who won for three single varieties and three doubles. Gloxinias were also a pleasing feature supported generally with better grown stove and greenhouse plants, F'uchsias, Geraniums, and Ferns being especially good. Seven ladies made an excellent show In table decorations, bouquets, sprays, &c., showing taste and original designs. Mr. W. Mackerall secured the leading award for a collec- tion of good vegetables, the cottagers being of high merit in this department. Amtjngst the numerous exhibits not for competition which gained an award of merit were Slessrs. A. Dickson and Sons, Newtownards, for fine Bessie Brown and Mildred Grant Roses, about four dozen of each variety, and collec- tion of well-grown Sweet Peas and herbaceous cut flowers; Mr. R. Wright, Ormskirk, Pansies and Violas ; Mr. H. Middlehurst, Liverpool, choice collection of Sweet Peas ; Messrs. T. Davis and Co., Wavertree, Liliums, Petunias, Lily of the Valley, Gladioli, and good vegetables; Messrs. Cald- well, Roses, Sweet Peas, and herbaceous cut flowers. Mr. T. Pugli, secretary, and Mr. E. H. Bushell, treasurer, ably carried out their respective duties. HORTICULTURAL CLUB. E.XCURSION TO WINDSOR. ■ THE annual excursion of members of this club and their friends took place on Thursday, the lOth inst., and despite the somewhat unfavourable state of the weather was greatly enjoyed. The party, about eighty in number, met at Paddiiigton terminus at 10 a.m., and proceeded in two saloon carriages to Windsor, where, thanks to the invaluable aid and management of Mr. Harry Veitch, who kindly undertook the arrangements, and the great courtesy of .\Ir. Nutt, the architect, ill-.. Mackellar, the head gardener, and Mr. Tait, the farm steward, the castle, the grounds, and the splendid collection of cattle weie all inspected in turn under the l)est of auspices. The club, thanks to special permission acc(uded by His Majesty, enjoyed the unusual privilege of visiting the private gardens, as well as those more generally open to inspection, and it need hardly be said were delighted, not only by their beautiful design and arrange- ment, but also by the perfection of the order in which they were kept. So great indeed was the pleasure that the fortunately transient showers and generally dull and threatening weather formed practically no bar to enjoyment. On arriving at Windsor some of the party decided to drive through and around the splendid park; the major numlier, however, deterred by the threatened downpour, elected to visit the interior of the castle, and although the slate apartments were not available for inspection, they went through St. Get)rge"s Chapel, the Memorial Chapel, and other adjuncts of the castle, which was greatly enhanced by the presence of Mr. Null, who very kindly acted as cicerone to the party, pointing out with the finger of an expert the special points of architectural and historical inteiest. To those who drove round the park the beauty of the scene was heightened rather than otherwise by the freshness imparted by the showers, the atmospheric effects on the long vistasof the avenues being charming. .\t one o'clock the July 25, 1903. THE GARDEN. 69 party lunched at Messrs. Laytoti's, and subse'iuently wer^ conducted over the gaidena by Mr. Mackellar, itassinp Ihruugh the private imes aforesaid, and ihence to the dairy, the kennels, and farm, finally reaclung Frogmore. A capital tea had been arran^jed by special peruiiasion in one of the Royal conservatories, after which a couple of hours were spent in visiting the kitchen and other gardens, and eventually, under Mr. Tait's kind supervision, the pick of the prize cattle were paraded for the viaiUns' benefit, the party then being driven back to Windsor to dinner at Messrs. Layton's. Mr. Harry Veitch presided, and after the toast of "The King "had been duly and gratefully honoured, the health of Messrs. Nutt, Mackellar, and Tait, the two latter gentlemen being present, was proposed and drunk with enthusiastic recognition of their kind contribution to the enjoyment of the day, the function closing after a few words from Mr. Hunt, a visitor from the Antipodes, with a similarly well- ileaerved recognition ut Mr. Harry Veitch's highly successful efforts to make it a red-letter day in the annals of the club. The party then broke up, returning to London as they came, and unanimously declaring that had the weather been better they could not possibly have enjoyed themselves more. CROYDON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Tomato Growing. That most popular fruit the Tomato was the subject of a paper given before the members of this society at their rooms, George Street, on the 14th inst., and ihe mode of culture recommended by Mr. V. O.ictoby, Coombe Lodge Gardens, Jound hearty appreciation from all present. Commencing with the early introduction of Tomatoes to this country, Mr. O.vtoliy remarked it was only of recent years that this esculent has gained such prominence, and its acquisition to our tables all the year round as a luscious fruit makes the demand ever increasing. For cultivation in the open ground, lie advised sowing the seed early in March in well-drained pots or pans, and placed in any warm house. When the seedlings appear remove to near the glass, shading slightly until the seed leaves are fully developed, then give full exposure to prevent spindly growth. After the second pair of leaves are formed, pot oft" singly into 3A-inch pots, using any good loamy soil, and slightly shade for a day or two. Keep them well up to the glass and do not overcrowd ; water carefully, never allowing the soil to get dry. They should then have made strong growth, and will require shifting into 6J-inch pots, using loam, a little decayed manure, some burnt refuse, and a little soot ; also to each barrow load of soil mix about a .'.-inch pot of artificial manure. The soil should be moist, and heavy watering for a few days should be withheld ; giadually harden off when well «stablished, and about tlie end of May or beginning of June they will be ready for planting out, that is, providing the weather is favourable. The position outside for their recep- tion should be very sunny, and the plants should be 2 feet to S feet apart. Put a stake to each plant and remove all side shoots as they appear. Pinch the top of the plant out above the third bunch of flowers. Manure water given twice a week when the fruits are swelling will help them consider- ably. Remove the fruits as they begin to ripen, for they will finish just i»s well laid on a warm shelf covered with a piece of paper. For culture in the greenhouse, where they can be grown all the year round, he recommended sowing the aeed iu September for April supply of fruit. After raising the seedlings pot on gradually into increasing sized pots ■until the Id-inch pot is reached early in the new year. The : soil required for these is good loam and half-decayed horse manure, place the pots on the front stage, and train the cordons or stems at a distance of 9 inches to Vl inches under the glass. The removal of the side shoots, as recom- mended for outside cultivation, should be adopted, and the ■top of the plant pinched out when the required height is reached. When in bloom the stems should be slightly tapped periodically to help fertilisation, and care should be taken not to over-water them. Keep the temperature at 60*, and ventilate at all favourable opportunities. Disease is very prevalent during winter growth, and is prevented by constant attention to ventilation and temperature of the greenhouse, keeping the atmosphere buoyant at all times. .Successional sowings should be made in January, March, and May for later supplies. The lecturer gave a few inteiesting comments on the diseases of the Tomato, and many excellent [points were learned as to their prevention and cure. Following a hearty discussion of the paper, a unanimous vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Oxtoby for his extremely practical and well delivered lecture. Mr. A. Maslen will Sive the next paper, ''Summer Pruning," on August IS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Scientific Committee, July 7. Present : Dr. M. C. Cooke (in the chair), Messrs. Holmes, •Gordon. Maasee, Saunders, Professor Boulger, Revs. W. Wilks And G. Henslow (hon. sec). Apple trees ami itmects. — Mr. Saunders reports as follows upon specimens received from Mr. Campbell, of Ardross, Leeds : " The Apple trees are attacked by the caterpillars of two different moths, but the habits of both kinds are very similar. The green caterpillars are those of the winter moth ^Cheiniatobia lirumata). the brown and yellow ones of the great winter moth (Hybernia defoliaria); both belong to the iaraily Geometrida-, and are two of the most destructive pests to Apple trees. The females of both kinds are wing- less, or have only the rudiments of wings, so that they are incapable of flight. As the chrysalides are formed in the ground when the moths emerge, it is evident that they must climb up the trees if they wish to lay their eggs, as is their custom, near the buds. To prevent this is one of the most important things, if it is desired to protect the trees from attacks by the caterpillars. The simplest way of effecting this is to fasten greasy bands round the stems, which the caterpillars are unable to cross. As this might injure tlie tree if the grease came in contact with it, a strip of grease- proof paper, 7 inches or S inches wide, and long enough to overlap an inch or more, should be tied round the trees, say 3 feet from the ground, and fastened top and bottom with bast matting or soft string that will not cut the paper. Over this should be tied a strip of calico about the same width, also tied top and bottom ; this must be well smeared with cart-grease, soft soap, and train-oil mixed, so that a soft, sticky compound is formed in which the moths will be caught. These bands ahouIto.^'l his is also a sturdy, vigorous growing sort, of nearly erect growth. tl\e large handsome single flowers some 4Mnche8 across, with deeply notched petals, being of a deep crimson hue, and blotched at the base with a darker shade. From Jlessrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden, W,C. P. fjlaucum.—A very showy and neat growing Poppy, about 15 inches high, and well adapted for a variety of uses within the limits of the garden. The habit of the plant is branching, the handsome crimson flowers blotched at the base with deep crimson. From Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay, Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, and Messrs. Barr and Sons, Covent Garden. The following were highly commended (' * *) :— Poppy White Colossal. ^An erect growing plant, 2 feet high or more, with double white narrow petalled flowers. The latter are fully r> inches across. From Messrs. BarrandSons, Covent Garden. P. Mursellijl.-vl- American Flag.— So called probably by reason of the large double white flowers having stripes of purple ; the margins of the petals are touched with a similar shade. From Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. P. Blush Cardinal Victoria.— A pale pink double-flowered variety, erect in growth, and about lis inches high ; the growth is sturdy and vigorous. From ilessrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. P. arenarium. — A slender plant 15 inches high. Flowers scarlet with a heavy blotch of black at the base of each petal. From Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Rothesay. Fruit and Vegetable Committee. Chiswick Meeting, July 14. A second meeting of the fruit and vegetable committee was held at Chiswick on July 14. Present ; Mr. G. Bunyard (chairman), Messrs. Owen Thomas, J. Jacques, G. Wythes, W. Bates, H. Markham, S. Mortimer, H. Esling, G. Keif, and A. Dean. Prior to com- mencing business it was unanimously agreed that Mr. S. T. Wright be requested to send on behalf of the committee a sincere expression of sympathy with Mr. W. Marshall in his illness. Mr. Bunyard introduced a remarkably flue sample of the new Givon's Late Strawberry, which received a flrst-class certificate a year or two since. It was reported as being remarkably flne and a splendid cropper at Maidstone. The fruits were of flrst-class quality. The whole of tlie Peas grown for trial other than the few early ones dealt with at the first meeting, were then examined, and ultimately flrst- class certificates were awarded to Peerless (Sutton and Sons), a very fine well-flavoured 3 feet Marrow, and a capital cropper, and to Improved Monarch (J. Sharp and Co.), a very fine variety 7 feet in height, pods large, and very abundantly produced. Awards of merit were granted to Coleman's Favourite, 3 feet, very fine pods ; Webbs Kaiser, similarheight. pods long, green, and abundant ; Kivenhall Wonder (Cooper, Taber and Co.), 20 inches iu height and a remarkable ' cropper; Aristocrat (Sharpe and Co.), 4 feet, heavy cropper and «^f fine quality ; Sherwood Forest (Hurst and Son), a very fine 7 feet Pea and a great cropper ; Progression (James Veitch and Sons), a capital 6 feet Pea of great excellence ; and to Feltham Gem (James Veitch and Sons), 2 feet in height, and late, pods green, crop heavy, an excellent dwarf variety. Some Cabbages, spring- planted, were seen, but the stocks were both coarse and uneven. The Vegetable Marrow plants having been mulched with manure aie now promising well. Potatoes so far look very well, and the dwarf Kidney Beans will soon be ready for examination. Drill Hall Meeting. Orchip Committee. Present ; Harry J. Veitch, Esq. (chairman), Messrs. James O'Brien, de B. Crawshay. Walter Cobb, Jas. Douglas, H. T. Pitt, T. W. Bond, W. H. Young, \V. Boxall, J. Wilson Potter, H. Little, H. Ballantine, H. M. Pollett, M. Gleeson, and E. Hill. M. S. Cooke, Esq., Tankerville, Kingston Hill, Surrey (gardener, Mr. W. Buckell), showed Odontoglossum crispum, Cooke's variety. Messrs. Thomas Rocliford and Sons, Limited, Broxbourne, Herts, showed Cattleya gaskelliana and Cattleya Mendelli var. King Edward VII., the latter with pure white sepals and petals and pale yellow throat. Messrs. Hugh Low and (.'o.. Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed Cattleya Mossiic var. Wagneri, C. Harrison! alba, Liclia niajalis, Renanthera Storiei, with rich crimson and brown flowers, and Eulophiella peetersiana. In Messrs. Sander and .Sons' group of Orchids were Lrelio- Cartleya Martineti. L.-C. Bletchleyensis, Cattleya Mossiai cielestis (very attractive), Eria convallarioides, Cypripedium barbato-rothschildianum, and Cirrhoea warreana (botanical certificate). Silver Flora medal. New Orchips. A flrst-class certificate was given to Ltelio-Cattleya Bletchleyensis Illtimiiiata.-Csittleya. gigas andLailia tenebroaa are the parents of this hybrid. It is a great improvement upon the typical hybrid (L. C. Bletch- leyensis); it is much larger, and the flowers are more richly coloured. Sepals and petals are rosy purple tinged with buff, while the lip is rich purple. From Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. An award of merit was given to Cypripediiun x Uttor.—C. lawrencianum and C. sanderi- anum are the parents of this new Cypripedium. The long drooDing petals are dull green, spotted with brown, the dorsal sepal is a brighter green lined with purple-brown, and the lip is brown. Shown by Reginald Y'oung, Esq. Fruit and Vegetable Committee. Present: Messrs. George Bunyard (chairman), J. Cheal, Henry Esling, George Woodward, S. Mortimer, Alex. Dean, T. W. Bates, George Keif, Lewis Castle, J. Jaques, C. G. A. Nix, J. Willaid, A. H. Pearson, H. Balderson, and Owen Thomas. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea, showed a new Strawberry called President Loubet, the result of a cross between Waterloo and Sir Charles Napier. In appear- ance the fruit closely resembles Wjiterloo, but it has a flavour much like that of Sir Charles Napier. In this respect it is an improvement, for Waterloo, although valuable on account of its size, fine appearance, and lateness, leaves much to be desired as regards flavour. The committee made no award to this new Strawberry, ilessrs. Veitch also showed a basketful of Loganberry, to which a first-class certificate was given. Mr. H. Becker, Imperial Nurseries, Jersey, sent Gooseberry Grouville Giani, said to be a great bearer. The fruits are large, almost round, and greenish yellow. They much resemble the variety Leader. Mr. W. Tayler, Hampton, Middlesex, showed Peach Libra (Blackmore). It is a fairly large fruit, and highly coloured. This Peach was raised from Alexander, the pollen parent being unknown. The fruits shown were gathered from a tree planted in a cold house December, 1901, and are below the size of those gathered from the same tree in July, 1902. The fruit committee wished to see this Peach again when fully ripe. The Loganberry was shown by Mr. Thomas Denny, The Gardens, Blandford, but the fruits were badly packed and reduced to a pulp. Tomato Becker's Excel All was shown by Mr. Becker, Jersey. It is a round, fairly large fruit, of very bright colour. A new Cucumber called the Lemon Cucumber was shown by Hobbies Limited, Dereham. It is entirely distinct from the ordinary Cucumber, the fruits vary in length from 3 inches to 6 inches, are oblong in shape and ribbed. Tbeir colour is cream or pale yellow, with purple dots. This Cucumber is of American origin, and its culture necessitates very little artificial heat. Melon Lilburn Favourite, a green fleshed, very juicy variety, of medium size, was shown by Mr. R. Mathers, Abbey View, Kelso. Mr. George Hobday, Romford, showed large well filled pods of Pea Essex Wonder. The Strawberry Grape was well shown by Dr. E. Bonavia, Westwood, Richmond Road, Worthing. Messrs. John R. King and Sons, Coggeshall, Essex, exhibited a collection of culinary Peas, many good varieties were included. Silver Banksian medal. Apple Early Victoria was shown by Messrs. Cross and Son, Wisbech. A first-class certificate was awarded to 'I he Loganberry .—'Vh'xs now well-known Raspberry-Black- berry was exhibited by Messrs. James ^'eitch and Sons, Limited, Chelsea. Floral Committee. Present : Messrs. H. B. May (chairman), and Messrs. C. T. Diuery, J. Green, J. F. McLeod, W. Howe, C. R. Fielder, Charles Dixon, W. Bain, C. J. Salter, H. J. Cutbush, R. W. Wallace, Charles E. Pearson, H. J. Jones, Charles E. Shea, W. P. Thomson, E. H. Jenkins, George Paul, W. J. James, 70 THE GARDEN. [July :5. 19U5 Amos Perry, Charles Jeffries, J. Fraser, E. T. Cook, and R. Dean. Mr. H. B. May, I'pper Edmonton, showed a collection of some thirty-six species and varieties of Gyninugraninias, mostly medium-sized plants. The group was quite a feature and beautifully arranged. Indeed, the taste displayed in this direction cave an additional charm to a most interesting gathering of Guld and Silver Ferns. We were most pleased with grandiceps superba, a golden- tasselled form ; cbrysophylla grandiceps, a heavily-tasselled form; and cbiysopliylla ramosa, a dwarf erect variety, and all of golden hue. In the silvery section Cordreyi, flavescens cristata, elegantissima, peruviana cristata, and peruviana argyrophylla were the most effective. Messrs. R. Wallace and Co., Culchester, set up a group of hardy tlowers hi which Japanese Iris predominated. In these we noted many fine forms, both in colour and size, the dark blue being especially good. Some Liliums were also shown, and these included L. Biowni. L. szovitzianuni, L. longiflornm giiianteum, L. Maitagon dalmaticum, L. excel- sum, and L. Huniboldii magnificum. C'linum Powelli, and Pentstemon Newbury Gem, a rich crimson-scarlet, were also shown. Carnations of the border section were shown by Messrs. R. H.Bath, Limited, Wisbech. The pot plants included Geo. Alexander (yellow), Amber Queen Albatross (blush), Carmen Sylva (yellow ground with rose flakes), Tr"jan (white), Hayes (scarlet), White (Jueen, Mrs. A. Campbell, Kubelik (yellow ground with rose), Lucifer (a fine scarlet), tfcc. Messrs. J. Hill and Son, Lower Edmonton, showed a small group of Nephrolepis FosLeri, a distinct plant. It is a hand- some and decorative plant and should prove of a serviceable character. Carnations were staged by Messrs. J. Peed and Son, West Norwood, the group including bolder soits as well as Malraaisonsin variety. Cecilia was well shown, and all the plants were in pots. Messrs. William Cutbush and Son, Highgate, staged an admirable group of Malmaiaun and other (i"ai nations sur- rounded by light Bimboos. Among the Malniaisons Lady Rose is peiliaps the roost charming, a lovely shade of soft rose ; President Loubet, crimson scarlet; Mrs. Trelawny, red-scarlet ; Calypso, Princess of Wales, Nautilus, &c. iierlin, yellow ground ; Chief Baron, Bet, Grace, and Cecilia ■were among the best. Hardy tioweis from Messrs. Barr and Sons. Covent Garden, included Phloxes, (Enothera Youngi, Lychnis chalcedonica, Platycodon giandiflora, Eryngium amethystinum, Lilium Huniboldti magnificum (very tine), some fine Gaillardias, Lilium Martagon dalmaticum, a choice set of hardy Water Lilies, Lilium Biowni, Androsace coronopifolia, Phlox Mrs. Jenkins, Lupinus arboreus, &c. Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill, had a lovely lot of Water Lilies that included N. ellisiana, N. andreana, N. marliacea carnea, N. robinsoniana, N. gloriosa (a grandly coloured form), N. gladstoniana (a superb white, with golden centre), N. odorata maxima, and many others. The peremuals included Campanula lactitlora in several varieties, Platycodon granditlorn, Heuchera sanguinea (Walker's variety, very rich in colour), and Spitrea gigantea and its variety elegans. Messrs. H. Cannell and Sons, Swanley, Kent, showed double Begonias in capital form, Lady Naylor Leyland, salmon; Mrs. Thompson, sulphur ; Khaki; Jliss Balfe, soft pink ; Earl of Devon, scavlel ; and Lady H. Erskine, white and pink. A bedding strain called Eureka was represented by crimson, scarlet, and pink Howered sorts. It is evidently a most useful strain. Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed large masses of Phloxes, Hemerocallis Thunbergi, Galegas, white perennial Pea, Rudljeckia californica, Monurda didyma, Lilium candi- dum, withCampanxUas, Pentstemons, Eryngiums, and other things. In an >ther gioup the fiim set up a larue array of Java Rhododendrons, pot-grown plants, fehowiug the free- dom of flowering and beautiful variety these things contain. In yet another group border Carnations were arranged. In Sweet Peas Messrs. Veitch had many good things. Carnations were finely shown by Mr. A. F. Dutton. Bexley Heath. The varieties were Royalty, rose-pink ; G. H. Crane, scarlet; Mrs. T. Lawson, cerise; and JIme. Melba, pink. Certainly a remarkable lot. Roses from Messrs. Wni. Paul and Son, Waltham Cross, were very charming. The blooms were shown in groups in baskets. Hybrid Briar, Soleil d'Or, Beauts Inconstante, Billiard et Barre (golden buff). Edmond Deshajes (white), Floribunda, White Maman Coubet, Earl of Warwick, a new Tea Rose, very finely perfumed, soft pink, and likely to prove a good bedding Rose, and Frau Karl Druschki, pure white, were well-shown. Sweet Peas in variety came from Lady Plowdena, Walling- ford. Messrs. William Bull and Sons, Chelsea, showed a series of Fuchsias, both single and dt-uble. Nautilus in the latter class has a rosy white corolla ; Valiant, red, single ; Prince of Orange, single, being also noteworthy. Messrs. Phillips and Taylor, Biacknell, Berks, showed Carnations, Water Lilies, and hardy plants in variety. Of the Water Lilies there was a good assoitment, but the flowers generally were not sufficiently advanced A good collection of border Carnations was included, and these again were of a representative character. Lawrence Cunie, Esq., Mente> Manor, Farnborough, Hants, set up a fine lot of some two dozen Water Lilies in pans in the cut state. In some instances as many as one dozen flowers were exhibited, and these of the finest description. <.)f the more noticeable were N. Marliacea albida, N. M. Rosea, N. odorata, N. alba candidissima, K. ellisiana, N. Marliacea chrumatella, N. tuberosa, N. pygmica helvola, N. Laydekeri lilacea, &c. This handsome lot was well backed by Bamboos and interspersed with Ferns made a lovely display. Messrs. Dobhie and Co., Rothesay, had an assortment of Sweet Williams which they call Auricula-eyed strain. The strain certainly is a very fine one, and quite representative of this useful flower. The trusses, too, were handsome, and The the flowers individually of large size and good form, strain was commended by the committee. Cut Roses were well shown by Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Belle Siebriecht, Her Majesty, Mme. Ravary, Marquis of Salisbury, Alfred Colomb, S. Reynolds Hole, Bessie Brown, and Caioline Testuut being among the liest. The blooms were finely shown in vases. Mr. James Douglas, Great Bookham, showed Carnations well, Triton (crimson), Seymour Coikran (yellow), Badowra (yellow ground, light rose edge). Coppeihead (orange-. carlet, a fine shade). Rizzio (yellow). Otbello (dark crimson edge), Hesperia (yellow ground, fancy), Lord Napier (yellow, with the finest possilile edge of rose colour), Agnes Sorrell (fine crimson, large), and Bookham Clove, being the best in a very large lot. New Plants. The following received a first-class certificate : Nijinphma gigantea HxLdsoni.—k giant form of the blue- flowered section. The variety is bolder generally than in typical N. gigantea, the several rows of petals broader and rounder, and the entire flower more decidedly reflexing. The colour is deep mauve-blue, with golden centre. The flower shown was just 9 inches across the spread of the lower segments. A very handsome Water Lily. Shown by Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbuiy House, Acton (gardener, Mr. Hud-ion). The following received an award of merit : Lilium e'egans Peter Barr.— This is one of the orange- yellow forms', of which Alice Wilson and Orange tjueen are among the best in this shade of colour. The plant is usually about 12 inches high, and in this way makes admirable examples for grouping among shiubs or for pot woik. The flowers are of good size, moie starry, and less intense in the orange-yellow shade than the others named. Exhibited by Messrs. Barr and Sons, King Street, Covent Garden. Begonia Marie Boucheit.—A very remarkable variety for basket work where tlie trailing growth and the great freedom of fiowering would lie seen to advantage. Mauv of the trailing shoots were fully 4 feet lung, the plant, as shown, 3 feet across or more. The flowers are crimson-scarlet, with a curious doubling in the centre that gives the whole plant a characteiistic quaintness. Shown by W. Greenwell, Esq., Maiden Park, Wuldingbam (gardener, Mr. W. Lintott). Kephrolepis Fos(eri.—A very useful decorative Fern, good either in specimen form or as quite ordinary size plants in fi-inch pota. The habii is semi-erect, and the plant is of a pale green colour. From Messrs. Hill and Son, Edmonton. Asparag^ts plumosus cristata.— As shown, this is iiuite a dwarf form, little more than 1 foot high above the pot. The dark green, rather dense habit at first, reveals but little of its character; but with the maturing of the *' fronds," so- called, the pale green tips develop a plumose crested character of some density, which is very similar to the same feature in many Ferns. Shown by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Buiford, Dorking (gardener, Mr. Bain). Pteris 7netaUica.-—A species with dark olive green leaves, as shown, the habit generally eiect, the divisions of the fronds oblong-lanceolate. The hard texture of the fronds should render the plant a most serviceable one. Shown by Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton. List of Medals. Silver-gilt Flora to Messrs. J. Veitch and Son?, Chelsea. Silver-gilt Banksian to Messrs. Cutbush, Highgate Silver Flora to Messrs. Currie, Farnborough; Mr. H. B. May, Upper Edmonton ; Mr. Dutton, Bexley Heath. Silver Banksian to Messrs. Wallace and Co., Colchester ; Mr. Amos Perry, Winchmore Hill ; Mr. Jas. Douglas, Great Bookham; itessrs. W. Paul and Sons, "Waltham Cross; Messis. Paul and Sons, Cheshunt. The strain of Auricula-eyed Sweet Williams, from Messrs. DubLiie and Co., Ruthesay, was conmienued. steady young men are wanted to bring the bush land into cultivation. A hearty welcome always awaits British settlers. With reference to the flora of New Zealand, Mr, Hunt said that the native fiowers aie remaikable for their quiet colouiing. Brilliantly coloured flowers are the exception. He instanced as being some of the most remark- able, Myitles, Eugenia, Ranunculus, Magnolias, Violas^ Pittospuium, Hibiscus, Linums, Pelargomums, Buckthorns, t'lianthus (one of the most striking of New Zealand flowers), Sedums, Sundews, Veronicas, &c. Mr. Hunt said he would be glad to give information to anyone respecting the flowers- of New Zealand and also seeds of them. He suggested that when the society came to make its new garden it should devote portions to the best plants of various colonies, and so tend to foster the study of the colonial flora, ilr. A. H. Pearson, who occupied the chair^ proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the lecturer. Lecture. Mr. G. Hunt gave a lecture eni itied " Horticulture in, and the Flora of, New Zealand." The lecturer said ihat horti- culture had made lajjid stiides in New Zealand. The Rose bad many admirers, all the new English and Continental varieties are grown. The Chrysanthemum also is grown to perfection. Its cultuie, however, now is of secondary im- portance to the Rose. Both these plants bear the sea voyage well ; this cannot be said of most soft-wooded plants, which are raised from seed chiefly. Zonal Pelargoniums are largely grown also, even the must recent vaiieties. Jlaiiy of the plants most commonly grown in England are quite at home in New Zealand, except in the south, where it is too cold for some of them. The neighbourhood of Wellington is not so favourable to gardening as Chrlstcburch, which has a more genial climate and good soil. Mr. Hunt said that trees and plants familar at home assume (luite a different aspect in New Zealand ; plants become bushes, and shrubs become trees. The public garden at Chiistchurch is one of the best and is well maintained. Petite culture has been taken up by settlers. Good Grapes are produced upon land reclaimed from the bush. The Government, as an experiment, planted 3 acres of such land with vines, and the yield of wine the ttrst year was Sl'd gallons, which, at 5s. per gallon, would fetch f2uu, or two-thirds of the original expense, which amounts to .tlUO per acre. It is to be hoped that tlie Government will help settlers to establish viticulture as a permanent industry in New Zealand. Phormium tenax (the New Zealand Klax) is so abundant that the mills are supplied with flbre from plants growing wild. Mr. Hunt mentioned that Apples were grown, but some years must elapse befoie they can be exported in surticient quantity to compete with Tasmanian fruits. Various pests are very destructive, and the lecturer seemed to think that until the Government introduced compulsory measures for the cleansing of orchards little progress would be made. The climate is well suited to Apple culture. Strawberries and Raspberries are largely grown, and usually command good prices. The lecturer said there was a good fleld in New Zealand for people with small capital ; every facility is oflered to those going out for the purpose of fruit farming, &.c. Strong, NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. A FINE exhibition was held in the Drill Hall on the 21st msi. It was one of the finest displays of the Carnation the society has held for yeais. Ttieie was heaid, as i» usual, some cundemnalion of the method of showing flowers with white paper collars on boards, a method which has- survived jeais of denunciation, and will many more. The hall was largely occupied with the competitive exhibits, and groujas of Ca-rnations were contributed by several members- of the trade. Division I.— The leading class was for twenty-four CariiHiiun blouuis, bizaries and flakes, and there were but tliree exhibitors, the first prize falling to Mr. Thomas Lord, fiorisl, Todmoiden, whose leading blooms were P.F. George Lewis, C.B J. S. Hedderly, S.B. Robert Uoulgrave, R.F. MerLon, C.B. George, C.B. Master Fred, S.B. Robert Lord> P.P.B. William ftkirving, S.F. Sportsman, P.F. George ^Melville, C.B. Guardsman, C.B. J. D. Hexiall, S.B. Admiral Cuizon, R.F. Mrs. T. Loid, and R.F. H. Shoesmith ; Mr. Mai Lin R. .-rinuh, Hayes (gardener, Air. C. Blick), was second^ whose leading blooms were S.B. Dorothy and Halin (two seedlings), C.B. Nebior and Adonis (also new), P.P.B. Elpbenstone, and J. S. Hedderley, R F. Genevieve and Flava (btedlings), S.F. Gladiator (uew), K.l-'. Sweet Nell, ilarkhara, Daiby, and Dorothy (all new); third, Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough. The next class was for twenty-four selfs, in which some veiy fine blooms weie staged ; Mr. M. R. Smith was placed first, having superb flowers ; of maiuon and crimson shade* there weie ftir Bevys, Gulnare, Kara, Agnes Sorel, and Don John ; scarlet and rose, Anne Boieyn, Helen and Fioradoia ; apiicot, Swashbuckler ; yellow, Cecilia, the Naiad, and Daffodil ; white, Hildegarde, Mrs. Eric Hambro", and Blanche. Mr. F. A. Wellesley, Woking, who has come to the fore in stiong force this season, was placed second ; he had fine blooms of Agnes Surel and Almoner, yellow; Falcon, yellow ; Cecilia, Mrs. W. Mostyn, purple ; Benbow, apricot ; Mrs. J. Douglas, rose, Ac. ; third, 31essrs. W. Arttndale and Son, Hoiists, Sheffield. W ith twenty-four fancy Carnations Mr. F. A. Wellesley, was first, with what appeared to be pel feet blooms so finely were they developed ; they consisted, of Hidalgo, Cliarles Maitel, Monarch, Argosy, Perseus,. Amphion, Voltaire, Primrose League, Guiniveve, t^ueen Bess, Paladin, uipsy Oueen, Oinionde, Ossian, and Mrs. T. W. Wellesley, abeautitul new variety, yellow ground, flaked on the petal edges with maroon and crimson ; Charles ilartel^ &c. Mr. M. R. Smith came second, he had very fine blooms of Lily Duchess, Bedemer, Hesperus, Bellicent, Athelstan, A.W.Jones, Ont^en of the Isles, Cavalier, Corporal Trinu The Seer, Tbor, Hidalgo, Rameses, Arc. Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon, nurserymen, Tiverton, Bath, were third with some very fine blooms, and Mr. C. Turner was fourth. ^\■bite ground Picotees wtre not so numerously shown», but there were five exhibits, Mr. F. A. Wellesley taking the first prize with some finished blooms, pure in the ground and bright on the edges. Of heavy euged reds there were Brunette, W. E. Dickson, Ganymede, and John Smith ; light red, Tbos. William ; heavy purple edges, Amy Robsart,, Muriel Miriam, and Fanny Tett ; light purple edges, Somer- hill ; heavy rose edge, W. H. Johnson, Clio, and Mrs. Payne ; light rose edge, Forirose, Nellie, and Favourite. Mr. M. R. smith came second with some very good blooms, in which heavy rose edged flowers largely preponderated ; there were of heavy red euged Manners, Brownie, and Ganymede ; lighti led edged Grace Darling ; heavy purple edged. Amy Robsart, Beau Nash, and Miiiam ; light purple eOged, Duchess of York ; heavy rose edged Tiptop, Airs. Berwick, Acushla^ Little Phil, Miss Sophy Grahame, Duchess of York, and Lady Louisa, and light rose edged Fortrose, and Favourite ; thirds Messrs. W. Tuplin and Sons, florists, Newton Abbot. In each of the foregoing flve classes it was necessary there should be not less than twelve varieties. With six blooms of one variety, self Mr. AI. R. Smith was first with Daffodil, a very flue pure yellow ; Mr. F. A. Wellesley was second with Old Germania, yellow, in flue character ; third, Mr. C. Turner, with Sir Bevys, maroon. With six blooms of a yellow or hurt, fancy, one variety, Mr. F. A. Wellesley came flrsL with Mrs. F. A. Wellesley, a beautitul pale yellow ground flower, edged with lines of rose-scarlet and maroon ; this variety also received a certificate of meiit. Mr. M. R. Smith was second with King Solomon, having vivid flakes of red and maioon on a light yellow ground; very showy. Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon came third with Richness^ pure yellow, heavily edged with bright red ; also awarded a eertiflcate of meiit. With six blooms of a fancy Carnation^ other than yellow giound, Messrs. Blackmore and Langdon were first with their cbaiming variety Millie, uniform and highly finished blooms of which were staged. It is pure while, with a few lines of rose at the point of the middle of each petal. Mr. F. A. Wellesley came second with the same» and Mr. M. R. Smith third with Mr. Sebright, rosy pink with Hakes of heliotrope, a finely formed and distinct flower. With six blooms of a yellow ground Picotee, also one variety, Mr. Smith again came first with Mrs. Walter Heriot, a beautiful and refintd flower having a wire edge of rose. Mr. \\'elle3ley came second with Lady St. Oswald^ July -J-"), 19j3. THE GARDEN. 71 and Messrs. Artiiuiale and Sons, Sheffield, third with Childe Harold. With twelve distinct varieties, selfs, fancies, and yellow grounds, three hiaums of euch variety in a bottle, ilr. M. K, Smith was placed hrst with very line blooms, alihoush not dressed ; they were unnamed, and represented selfs and fancies; Messrs. Blackm<»re and Lauftdon were second, and Messrs. Ariindale and Son third. Then came single llooms in their several classes. Crimson bizarres : First, Messrs. Thomson and t'o. with Robert IIoul- grave ; second, Mr. J. Butt wilh the same ; and third, Mr. R. Pash with Admiral C'urzon. Crimson bizarre : Eirst, ilr. AV'ellesley with J. S. Hedderley ; Mr. Butt was both second and third with the same variety. Pink and purple bizarres : First, Mr. D. Walker with William Skirving ; and Mr. Wellesley third with the same ; Mr. E. J. Wootten second with .Sarah Payne. Purple Hakes: First, ilr. W. Spencer, and second Mr. E. J. \\'ootten with George Melville; Mr. J. Fairlie came third and fourth with Gordon Lewis. Scarlet Hakes : First, ilr. Wootton with . -Sportsman ; Messrs. Thomson and Co. second with J. J. Keen, a bright new variety of decided promise ; third, ilr. Pash with Sportsman. Ruse Hakes, a retlnf d vaiiely named ileitou won tlie ti^^t four prizes ; Messrs. W, Pemberton and Son, florists, Walsall, were (iist and second ; aiul ilr. J. G. Keen, Southauipton, third and fourtli. Selfs, white, or blush: ilr. K. C. t.'arl- wright, Kiny's Norton, was tlrst with Ensign, and Mr. A. J. Cook second with Ensien. White: ilr. Cartwriyht came third with Much the ililler. Rose or pink seifd : First, Xady Hcrmione, Irom Mr. W. 11. Porter; a promising seed- ling from ilr. E. J. Wootten was second ; and Homba, from ilr. A. J. Cook, third. Scarlet or crimson selfs : First, ilr. \y. Spencer with a scarlet sport from S.F. John Wormald ; ilr. Cartwri^rht came second with a seedling; and ilr. D. Walker was tliird with Sirdar. Bright crimson maroon or purple selfs : Fiiat, ilr. E. Charrington wilh Helen, crimson-purple shaded wilh niaroou ; and he was second also wilh the same ; a variety named Mis. Mostyii, purple, was third. Yellow selfs: First, Mr. E. J. WooLlen with Almoner, pale yellow; Mr. E. Charrington came second, and ilr. W. Spencer was third with Gld Germania, very gond. Burt selfs: First, Mr. Wellesley ; and second and third Mr. K. C. Cartwright, each wilh Benbow, ihe best of this class of colour. Fancy yellow grounds : First, Mr. B. Nash wilh ilonarch ; second, ilr. Wellesley wiih Mis. F. A. Wellesley ; and lliird, ilr. Cartwright with Argi>sy. Fancy, other than yellow grounds: First, ilr. Smith with Nestor (white gronnd, with heavy pencillinRS of scarlet) ; ilr. Cartwright was second ; and Mr. E. J. Wootten thiid with Arlemis (Haked with scarlet on a slate ground). Picotees were also shown in single blooms. Heavy red edges: First, ilr. B. Nash with iirs. Anstiss ; ilr. ",J. J. Keen was second ; and ilessrs. W. Peiubei ton and Son third Willi John Smith. Light red edges : First, ilr. Keen ; second, Mr. Spencer with Thomas William ; ilr. J. Butt came thiid with Grace Darling. Heavy purple edges : First, Messrs. Thomson and Son with Fanny Teit ; second, ilessts. W. Pemberton and Son wiih Amy Kobsart ; ilr. J. Buit coming third with Fanny Tett. Light-edged purple: First, ilr. Wellesley with Somerhill ; second, Mr. E. J. Wootten with Pride of Leyttui ; ilr. J. Butt was third with Lavinia. Heavy-edged ro^e or scarlet : Fir^t, ilr. E. J. Wootten with t'ortro^e ; secmd, Mosis. W. Pt^mberton and Son wi.h Lac'y Louisa ; and third, ilr. W. Spencer with Mrs. Payne. Rose or scarlet, light edges : ilr. ^Vootten was placed tlrst, snlilr. Spencer second with Favourite, Mr. Wellesley coming third witn Fortiose. Yellow ground, heavy edges: First, Mr. Keen with Gronow, ilr. Smith coming second with l>alkeith ; the same vaiieCy wa^ also third, but no name of an exhibitor was appended. Yellow ground, light edges: Mr. fimiih was Hrst wiih ilrs. Walter Howard ; neither the name of the Hower or the exhibitor appeared on the second prize bloom ; ilr. B. Nash was third with Heliodorus. Premier llowers : The selection of these entails a great amount of labour on the part of the judges, as every bloom in the show is a competitor. The premier bizarre was C.B. J. S. Heddeily, a very fine bloom from ilr. Wellesley, and he had the premier flake in P.F. Gordon Lewis. Self: Ensign (white), from ilr. Cartwright. J^ancy : ilrs. F. Wellesley, from Mr. Wellesley. Heavy-edged white ground Picotee ; John Smith, from ilr. J. J. Keen. Light-edged J'icotee : Lavinia, from ilr. A. J. Rouberry. Heavy-edged yellow ground: Dalkeith, from Mr. Smith. Light-edged; Childe Harold, from ilr E. H. Buckland. The silver cup uttered in this division for the greatest number of points scored was awarded to Mr. F. A. iVellesley. Division IL— Here the leading class was for l^ white ground Carnations, ilessrs. W. Pemberton and Son were first with very good blooms, chief among them R.F. ilertop, SF. Flamingo, P.P.B. J. i). Hextall, P.F. Geo. ilelville, R.1-. Mrs. Rowan, P.F. Charles Henwood, S.B. Rtbert Houlgrave, and S.F. Sportsman ; second, ilr. W. Spencer, jun. ; third, Messrs. Thomson and Co With 12 selfs, Mr. W. Spencer took the first with highly finished blooms of Almoner, Barras, HildegarJe, Jocelyn (heliotrope). Sultan, iluch the Mil'er, Ortiheus, Oriori (bhisii). Benbow. Germania, Helen, and Britannia, ilessrs. Thomson and Co. came second, also with very fine blooms, chief among them Enchant] ess, ilrs. F. Sims. Dick Donovan, The Stidar.Amphion. &c. ; third, ilessrs. Phillips and Taylor, Bracknell. Wiih 1-2 fancies ilr. Spenctr was agai.i to the fore with splendi-1 blooms of PalaUin. "N'oltaire, Galileo, Argosy, Artemis, (Jueen Bess, ilonarch, Ormonde, ilrs. Trt^mayne, Ol>eroii, and Amphion ; second. Messrs. Thomson and Sun, also with excellent blooms ; third, Messrs. Phillips and Taylor. With 12 white ground Picotees Mr. B. Nash was first, ilessrs. Pemberton and Son second, and ilr. Spencer third. Ihey conipiised the varieties given in Division I. With twelve yellow ground, ilr. B. Nash came first, having excellent hluonis of Heather B^ll, Lady St. Oswald, Lady Bristol, Uesperia, Evelyu, Mohican, and ilis. Douglas; second, ilessrs. Thompson and Co. ; third, ilr. W. Spencer. With six blooms of a self, one variety, ilr. W. Spencer was first, and Mr. B. Nash second with Mrs. Eric Hambro, white ; Messrs. Phillips and Taylor coming third with an unnamed yellow. The best six blooms of a yellow or buff fancy were Voltaire, very fine, from ilr. W. Spencer ; ilr. B. Nash came second with ilrs. Tremayne ; and ilessrs. Thompson and Co. third with Voltaire. With six blooms of any other but the above, ilr. E. Charrington was first with Iv(j Sebright in beautiful character; ilrs. Brookes Smith, white Haked with rosy crimson from Mrs. Brookes Smith, second ; Mr. W. Spencer coming third with Muleteer slaty crimson, fiaked with scarlet. With six varieties selfs, fancies, or yellow grounds, three blooms of each in bottles, ilr. S. ilorris, Wretham Hall, Thetford, was first with very good blooms, nicely arranged ; Mr. W. Spencer was second ; and ilessrs. Thompson and Co. third. The winner of the cup in this class was ilr. W. Spencer, Southampton. Dnisiox III. was for growers of small collections, and in tliese good flowers were staged, ilr. James Fairlie had the best six blooms of Carnations, while ilr. R. C. Cartwright came first with six selfs. having Lady Hermione, iluch the iliUer, Sir Bevys, ilrs. C. Sharpin. Orpheus, and Germania in flue character ; ilr. D. W^alker, Kilmarnock, was second in Ijoth the foregoing classes, ilr. Cartwright came first with six fancies, and Mr. E. W. iVilson had the best six bhioms of white ground Picotees ; Mr. E. H. Buckland the best six blooms of yellow ground Picotees, among them a finely finished bloora of Childe Harold. There were several classes for three blooms, in which ilr. E. Charrington took several first prizes, showint; excellent blooms. There were also several classes for sixes of undressed blooms in several sections, and also for single blooms ; and a class for seedlings also, two blooms of each being shown, the leading blooms in which are mentioned below as certifi- cated flowers. The cupolfered in this class was won by ilr. R. C. Cartwright. Carnations in pots : Though four classes were set apart for these there was but one exhibit, that from ilr. 0. Turner fllling a space of 50 feet, to which a first prize was awarided for in the class for two bouiiuets. Mr. M. R. Smith was placed first with one of white ; the other of mixed Carnations, tastefully arranged with appropriate foliage. Mr. D. Olirer was second with two poor bouquets, one of white, the other of pink Carnalions. The best vase of Carnations was from Mr. Smith, mixed colours being prettily arranged with Asparagus and other foliage, ilr. Healing, Reigaie, was second, with much the same details, sir. W. Spencer staged the best three ladles' sprays, and ilr. Smith the best buttonholes. Certificates of merit were awarded to the following seed- lings : To ilrs. F. A. Wellesley, a beautiful flower, fine in petal and blight in colour, pale sulphur ground with marginal mai kings of rose-scarlet and maroon. From Mr. F. A. Wellesley, W'oking. Ivo Sebright, bright ro=y pink, with flakes of pale helio- trope, a beautifully formed flower, distinct, and quite novel. From ilr. il. V, (.'harrington. Speranza, a very Hue pale yellow ground Picotee, edged with deep rose. From ilr. il. R. Smith. Richness, a handsome yellow giound fancy, heavily edged with bright red, a rich and striking vaiiely, from ilessrs. Blackmoreand Langdtui, Twerton Nursery, Bath. A striking scarlet Hake Carnation named J. J. Keen, the Hakes of bright scailet on a white ground, failed to gain an award, but it is highly promising. It was shown by Messrs. Thomson and Co., Biimingham. HIGHGATE HORTICl'LTFRAL SOCIETY. Thk forty-fourth annual exhibition of this well-known society was distinctly in advance of most of those of recent years. It was held on Thursday, 10th inst., in the grounds of Southampton Lodge, the residence of Colonel .1. \N'ilkinsou. Wet weather, unfortunately, marred the proceedings. In the larger tent no less than nine groups were displayed in ihe different competitions. For a group of flowering and foliage plants, a beautiful arrangemement of plants of good (luality deservedly placed ilr. J. Callinghara, gardener to ilr. H. Harmswoith. North End Place, Hampstead Heath, first. The plants were well arranged. A bolder arrangement secured second prize for Mr. T. L. Turk, gardener to ilr. T. Boney, Southwood House, Highgate. In this instance also the plants were of good quality. A group of exotic Ferns, Caladiums, and Coleus, arranged for effect, in a space 5U feet square, made a very rich and striking feature. There were two exhibits, a highly meritorious group winning first prize for Mr. E. H. Chitty, cardener U* ilr. S. Hardy, Cholmeley Lodge, Highgate. ilr. Tuik was a good second. The group of flowering plants was a pretty feature, that which gained premier honours for ilr. Turk being an exceptionally striking one. Fuchsias, Begonias, Cannas, Spiraeas, Petuiuas. and the Chimney Campanulas, with other plant?, making a splendid display ; ilr. Chitty was placed seconil. A special class for a group, open to single-handed gardeners only, found ilr. J. Adams, gardener to Mr. E. H. Sinithett, Hill-ide, Fitzroy Park, Highgate, leading with a distinctly attractive group. The second prize went to ilr. Chitty, who had a good collection. For six Coleus, distinct, a capital series secured leading honours for Mr. G. Drage, gardener to ilr. E. P. Sells, Sarnesfield, Highgate. Not so good a set placed ilr. Chitty in the second position. ilr. Drage again led in the class for six Gloxinias, distinct. This was an exceptionally handsome lot of plants. The colours also were superb. Close up was Mr. G. W'. Earp, gardener to ilr. J. S. Sellon, The Grange, Highgate. The colours and the individual flowers in this instance were superbly fine. A less regular series was placed third, this came from Mr. W. Smith, SI, Canonbury Road, Highbury. For six tuberou -r mted Begotdas, distinct, grand plant*! of the better type of these Howers secured first prize for ilr. Drage. The plants were large and freely-flowered, and gave evidence of good culture. Goi>d plants, though of poorer quality, placed Mr. Chitty second. Excellent plants of six exotic Ferns, in a class open to single-handed gardeners, were freely shown. There were four entries, and a good set well merited first prize for Mr. Chitty, Adiantums and Pterises being well shown. Mr. J. Adams was an uncomfortably close second, and ilr. Smith a good third. These plants were much better than usual. Nine stove or greenhouse plants, suitable for house deco- ration, in pots not exceeding 7 inches in diameter, at least thiee to be in fiower, gained Mr. Callingham the first prize, aud the second award went to ilr. Earp. In the open class for twenty-four bunches of hardy cut flowers, distinct, ilr. G. W. Earp was placed first with a splendid series of bunches. A good second was Mr. D. B. Crane, 4, Woodview Terrace, Highgate, who also had large bunches more pleasingly disposed. ilr. Crane was an easy first in the class for twelve launches of Sweet Peas, showing this popular annual in grand form. Mr. Earp was second, and Mr. Callingham third. For dinner table decorations there were but three entries, ilr. Turk being placed first, ilr. D. B. Crane second, and Mr. Chitty third. In a collection, hardy fruits were exceptionally well shown by Mr. Earp. A collection of nine dishes secured second prize for Mr. D. B. Crane. Messrs. Wm. Culbush and Son, Highgate and Barnet, put up a pretty group, in which freely Howered jilants of Verbena iliss Willmott, the new ila=^\ No. 1654.— Vol. LXIV.] [August J, 1903. DECORATIVE GARDENING AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE. OU R excellent contemporary, the Gardeners' Chronicle, in the issue of the ^fith ult., page r)8, tells a somewhat woeful tale of our horticultural shortcomings, and the tame opinion is lield by many of the thinkin;; men in this country. America is certainly "taking the lead in the development of scientific horticulture,'' but it is somewhat surprising to read our contemporary's opinion that perhaps that country may be considered to be also taking the lead in "decorative gar- dening." From what comes daily to our knowledge it is apparent that there is an extremely lively and intelligent interest taken in pleasure gardening in the United States. Important new gardens arc being made and money is being lavishly spent, but for the most part the results show rather the tentative or experimental spirit than the sure hand. A great etl'ort seems to be made to secure decorative objects from Italy or of Italian design. In some of these gardens these have a strangely exotic appearance, as if they refused to be acclimatised. The happiest of these new gardens in which architectural features are introduced are those in which, following the traditions of the good eighteenth century houses, a restrained use of the Doric column and its accessories is made in piazza, pergola, and sundial-shaft. We make plenty of mistakes of the same kind in England ; indeed, the effort to be Italian, even in the best-designed examples, has about it something cold and uncongenial when it has passed through the Anglo-Saxon mind and is ]ilanted out in our climate. We, and those of our blood in the New World, can abundantly appreciate and reverence those great masters of garden decoration, whose gardens, even in their decay, we visit with humble admiration, but we should remember that in the Middle Ages decoration was a traditional craft in closest touch with all that was best in the fine arts. It was then in the Italian blood, and it came out in easy, almost unconscious practice, in a way that we can never again hope to attain. We sympathise entirely with those who feel the strongest attraction to these various objects of ornamental art that were such fitting adjuncts to the old gardens of Italy. But it is difficult to marry them to our northern gardens. These have other possi- bilities of delight and beauty that may be achieved without strain, and it is these simpler ways that we urge all garden-lovers to seek for and to practice. Very true is it that " we must not delude ourselves into the idea that practical garden- ing and gardening amenities are everything, and that we continue to stand very high, and to take the first place in them." We hope devoutly that when the Horticultural Hall is an accomplished fact, the Royal Horti- cultural Society will devote itself to a garden for practical and scientific horticul- ture, as we believe is its intention. Our contemporary unkindly remarks that the trials at Chiswick are laughed at by the great commercial houses. This was not so in the time of Barron, and there is no reason why it should be so now under Mr. Wright, when the society has a garden in the country where experiments and trials can be conducted under greater advantages than exist in a suburb of London. The trials have been independent, and in a measure set forth the work of the hybridist in improving existing races. We hope the day is long distant when the Royal Horticultural Society will give up its practical work, which has such a direct and important bearing upon one phase of the great horticultural industry. But we are in full agreement with our contemporary that the Royal Horticultural Society should in due time possess a scientific department of its own, now represented by the scientific committee, which seems to sit to answer a few common- place questions addressed to them by the Fellows. Professor Beach's propo.sal that there "be organised a society for horticultural science to fully establish horticulture on a scientific basis " should not pass unnoticed in this country. We are proud of our practical work, and we should be equally so of the scien- tific aspect ; but that is certainly not a matter upon which we can claim the " pride of place." shrub, Orchid, or hardy flower, and they should be addressed to The Editor, 20, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London. EDITOR'S TABLE. We invite our readers to send us anything of special beauty and interest for our table, as by tins means many rare and interesting plants become more widely known. We hope, too, that a short cultural note will accompany the ftower so as to make a notice of it more instructive to those who may wish to grow it. We welcome anything from the garden, whether fruit, tree. Emboturicm coccineum. Mr. Reulhe, the Nurseries, Keston, Kent, sends flowers of this brilliant plant with the following note : " This is undoubtedly the most beautiful of hardy or half-hardy trees or shrubs, but is at present still very rare. A perhaps mistaken idea is that it is dillicult to grow and is not hardy. In a certain sehse both assertions are true, though these difficulties can easily be overcome. In the first instance the great majority of the plants sold are raised in greenhouses, or even temperate houses, and are sold as small plants, which have no chance of ripening the wood sufficiently to resist the winters. It should be, however, planted in spring or summer. Put in strong plants which have not been grown in a greenhouse, and plant in good, well-diained, but not too dry soil con- taining humus, and well protect from cutting winds and sun. They are quite hardy in Cornwall and Devon, where the plants are grown to per- fection. Even here failures occur, unless attention is paid to the position and the plants are from the small seedling state treated as hardy. There are plants in gardens in the North of London, at Hanipstead Heath, and elsewhere, and, though planted in what I call a most unsuitable soil, they have stood several winters out of doors, and .seem to be as hardy as Euonymus japonicus. In Corn- wall, owing to the extraordinary mild winter of this year, the}' were in flower as early as March, and the wintry weather in April and May, though cheeking them, did less damage to the flowers than to Horse Chestnuts or fruit trees, and they are still here and there in flower at the time of writing (the end of .July). Planted in suitable soil and position the plants grow rapidly, soon forming a tree '20 feet to 40 feet high. .Straggling shoots are cut back or trimmed, and it bears thi.s treatment as well as a Willow or Poplar. Embothrium coccineum has two forms, one with long lanceolate pointed leaves, bright or deep green, and trusses of bright orange-scarlet flowers ; the other and better form is more compact, with more acute leaves and deep coloured dazzling scarlet flowers, slightly later. As they are difficult to move it is advisable to procure well-established, pot-grown plants, but grown out of doors." Himalayan Rhododendrons. iVIr. Reuthe also sends flowers of R. cinnabari- num with the following note: "Although in e.xposed parts of the northern and eastern counties of Great Britain it would not be wise to plant the earlj'-flowering species out of doors without good shelter, the later-flowering Rhododendrons are quite safe when properly treated, and are as hardy as the hybrids. Care must, however, be taken to shelter them entirely from violent winds, especially north and east, and from the early and midday sun, and, like other Rhododendrons, they refuse to grow in limestone soil, but must have a certain amount of humus and be fairly moist without being boggy. Many species seem to grow well under tall deciduous trees intermixed with Pines in a half-shady position, and the falling leaves of these trees are a protection to the surface roots. The best time for transplanting is during 74 THE GARDEN. [August 1, 1903 the months from September till March, but untler favourable climatic conditions and position they can be transplanted the whole year round. The following are a few of the best of these handsome shrubs : — Arboreum. — This makes a handsome, well- furnished bush, the foliage varying from bright green to pilose, either green, silvery, or golden yellow beneath, and with trusses of large, rosy, pink-red, whitish, or purple-coloured flowers. 7}aW)a/H??t.— Bright green foliage, the stalks furnished with hairs, and large trusses of deep red or crimson flowers. Ancklandi.^Very easily distinguished by its long, acute, light or pale green foliage and stalks, and large trusses of handsome white or white- tinged rosy flowers. Manykm.—A similar species, with white flowers tinged with a rose colour, and the interior of the upper petals spotted red. Thoimoni. — This has thick ovate leaves, glaucous when young, and medium-sized crimson flowers. ShiUoni. — A cross between R. barbatura and R. Thomson!, and one of the most showy of all Rhododendrons. It approaches more R. Thomsoni than R. barbatum in foliage, but the flowers are dazzling crimson. Campylocarpmn. — Small, light green foliage and medium-sized pale yellow flowers. Ciiinabm-iiium has almost the same foliage of a dull green, ferruginous beneath, and trusses of long, almost tubular flowers, orange tinged with bronze and tipped with pale yellow. It is one of the last to bloom, flowering from May till August. Koylei. — This has ovate, bright, glaucous green foliage, especially when the foliage is young. From June till September the foliage is as attrac- tive as the flowers, which are of medium size, deep crimson-purple. G/aiicum has small, glaucous foliage and pretty but small trusses of lil.no flowers. Fakoneri. — A noble plant with immense leathery foliage, dull green and yellow, woolly beneath. The leaves sometimes attain a length of 2 feet to 3 feet, and are 3 inches to 5 inches broad, with large trusses of lemon flowers. Exmiium has the appearance of being only a form of R. Falconeri. The young leaves are woolly and cinnamon-coloured, and the large flowers pale yellow, tinged and spotted with purple. Most of the above types flower freely and are easily fertilised by insects, producing some in- terescing forms. DiSA Clio. Those who visited the Royal Horticultural Society's Holland House show in June will probably remember having seen a remarkably fine hybrid Disa, shown by Sir William Smith Marriott, the Down House, Blandford, Dorset. Sir William has kindly sent us flowers of this new Orchid, which was raised in the gardens at the Down House. The blooms sent are large, the two lower segments are a rich rose colour, while the upper one is lighter. Each of the racemes pent bore three flowers. The parents of this hybrid Disa are D. grandiflora and D. Veilchii. We shall give a small illustration of it next week. {Si'veral notes are It ft over until next weelc.~\ FLOW^ERING OF THE BAMBOO. As the flowering and .seeding of Baiuboo.s in this country has recently attracted some atten- tion, a note upon the subject may be of some interest at the present moment. In a Gloucestershire garden, where all the Bamboo.s known to be hardy are cultivated, several species have flowered during the last few years. Arundinaria Simoni flowers and seeds every year, and i.s none the worse ; A. Laydekeri^ which is perhaps only a variety of A. Simoni, does the same. From both these Bamboos ripened seed has been obtained, from which young plants have been raised. Bamljusa (Arundinaria ?) auricoma flowered sparsely three years ago ; seed was not observed. The plants did not suffer. Last year and the year before Phyllostachys nigra and P. nigro-punctata flowered profusely. No seed wag found, although careful .search was made. All the culms which flowered died down to the ground. In one plant of P. nigra all the culms flowered and died, but this year new culms have appeared from the rhizome.s, and the plant, though enfeebled by the vain endeavour to reproduce its species, has a healthy appearance, and looks like growing into its former stature in course of time. Messrs. Riviere, in their monograph " Les Bambous," cite similar behaviour on the part of Arundinaria japonica (M6take) and P. flexuosa, and now from Ceylon there comes the news that the huge Dendrocalamus giganteus flowered two years ago and the culms apparently died. But it was no real death, for the same culms put forth leaves, feebly it is true, the following year, and are now in full beauty again. It is evident, therefore, that botanists and travellers have been in too great a hurry in declaring that the Bamboo necessarily dies after flowering. Their observations were incomplete. It is quite possible that some of the cn!spito.se Bamboos may find their death in seeding. Some are really annuals, and of course die when they have fruited. lUit all the evidence derived from close obiervation during these last years goes to prove that our correspondents, who write in so melancholy a strain, need not put on mourning every time that they see a sign of flowering in their cherished plants. NOTES OF THE WEEK. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. August 3. — Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox's Cottage Garden and Amateur Horticultural Com- petition at Broughton Castle. August 4. — Royal Horticultural Society's Com- mittees meet. August II. —Clay Cross Flower Show. August 12.— Bishop's Stortford and Salisbury Horticultural Shows ; East Anglian Horticultural Club Meeting. August 19.— Shrewsbury Floral Fete (two days) ; Eastbourne Flower Show. Royal Horticultural Society.— The next fruit and flower show of this society will be held on Tuesday, the 4th inst., in the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, 1—5 p.m. Special prizes will be given for Cactaceous plants. A lecture on "Landscape Gardening" will be given by Mr. H. E. Milner, V.M.H., at three o'clock. At a general meeting of the society held on Tuesday, the 21st ull., thirty-six new Fellows were elected, among them being Lady Arthur Hill, Lady Margaret Cecil, Sir Philip Magnus, and the Hon. Gerald Ponsonby, making a total of 1,04.5 elected since Januarv 1- Jubilee of Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons. — In order to celebrate the jubilee of the establishment of a business in London (Mr. James Veitch, jun., having come to CheLsea in l.S,")3), Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Limited, have presented to the Royal Horticultural Society five silver-gilt cups of the value of fifty guineas each. This liberal offer has been accepted by the council and the following conditions drawn up : The cup will be known as " the Veitchian Cup," and one will be awarded once a year to the best individual exhibit in the opinion of special judges at the Temple shows of 1904, 1905, 1900, 1907, and 190S, or any other leading show held under the direction of the society the council may determine. The successful exhibit may be either a single plant, or a group, a novelty, or an example of culture. The cup will become the property of the winner each year, and he will be required to make a declaration that the exhibit is his own property, and has been cultivated by him for fourteen days previous to the show. The judges are to be seven — three amateurs, two gardeners, and two nurserymen or seedsmen — to be selected by the council. No exhibitor can win more than one cup. Exhibition of edible fungi. — On Tuesday, September 15, the Royal Horticultural Society will hold an educational exhibition of edible fungi in the Drill Hall of the London Scottish Volunteers, Buckingham Gate, Victoria Street, Westminster, and a lecture upon them will be given by Dr. M. C. Cooke, M.A., V.M.H., &c., at 3 p.m. All interested in extending or acquiring the knowledge of the edible species are invited to send collections. Collections should, if sent, be delivered at the Drill Hall, on Monday afternoon, September 14, or, if brought, should arrive at or before 9 a.m. on the Tuesday, so that they may be properly grouped and arranged by the fungus | specialists. Collections should consist of any fungi ' supposed to be edible. Each specimen should be wrapped separately in thin or tissue paper, and packed so as not to get loose or shaken in transit. When the names are known by the senders they should be neatly written on a card and enclosed, but if not known they will be named by the experts. The society will pay the carriage of all collections, and will award medals according to merit. The best collection will be considered to be that which includes the largest number of edible species shown in the best condition. When the senders are doubtful as to whether any of the specimens are edible or not the matter will be determined by the experts. Unnamed collections will also be examined, named, and sorted into edible and poisonous by the experts as far as their time will permit. All specimens will be destroyed at the close of the meeting unless removed by the senders. Intimation of an intention to exhibit should, if possible, be sent a few days before to the secretary. Royal Horticultural Society's Office, 117, Victoria Street, London, S.W. The new curator of the Birming- ham Botanic Gardens. — I was very pleased to read your kindly note in last week's Garden about the new curator of the Birmingham Botanic Gardens. It is always a delight to find men of Mr. Humphreys' quiet disposition and sterling worth recognised in an age of bustle and much wasted energy. The Royal Horticultural Society loses by his departure, and Birmingham gains, and I hope the new curator will place the gardens upon a firm botanical and scientific basis. His knowledge of exhibitions will stand him in good stead, but Mr. Humphreys' work in the arboretum at Kew as the propagator of trees and shrubs must not be forgotten. As you say, the Birmingham committee have made a " wise selection," and I hope, in face of the difficulties I am told that have to be encountered, he will have the support and sympathy of those who control the finances of the garden. — A. [We are glad to print this letter from one of the new curator's old friends. We have ourselves profited much by Mr. Humphrej's' knowledge of trees and shrubs. As we said last week, he has our heartiest goodwill in his new ottice. Mr. Humphreys is thirty-five years of age. He begins his new duties on October 1. — Ed.] Strawberry Eleanor in July.— This is still the best late variety we grow, but at the same time it is by no means of first-rate flavour. It is also known as Oxonian, and must have been grown many years under the latter name, as I found it was very well known in the West of England under that name at least twenty-five years ago. After trying most varieties for a late August I, 1903. THE GARDEN. 75 supply we still have to rely upon this. The plant bears very fine fruits and is a heavy cropper ; it continues to give successiotial crops, and, thougli a little acid in flavour, it is not inferior. No one can compare it with a British Queen, but how few grow the last-named to perfection, and in tliis respect the same remarks apply to Lixton's L^te8t of All and some of the Pine varieties; they are not late enough in some cases, and in others the soil is not suitable. Eleanor ia a very hardy variety, a free grower, and may be relied upon in poor soils. I once saw it grown in cold frames and never saw such a splendid crop in June ; but my note only concerns its value for last supplies in the open ground. The plant needs ample space owing to its free growth, and it certainly greatly extends the Strawberry season. — S. H. Defiance Cabbages.— It is to be regretted that seedsmen will duplicate names for varieties of such useful and comparatively permanent things as some vegetables are. A correspondent last week referred approvingly to Daniel's Defiance Cabbage. I have not grown it, but have heard of it as a rather large variety. I have grown frequently and have often seen CannelTs Defiance, which has been with me one of the most perfect of all Cabbages, not large, but quick hearting, medium sized, and very handsome. For two years I grew this Cabbage on trial plots for manures at Surbiton, and in each one of the seven plots it was first-rate, and by the allotment holders greatly admired. This year I have for the same purpose London Market and First and Best, both out of a London market garden. These are larger, much more leafy and irregular, and much inferior to Cannell's Defiance. We do not want large Cabbages in gardens. They are too leafy and need so much cooking to soften them for table. It is to be wished that names of all vegetables should be dissimilar that mistakes as to varieties may be avoltlrd. — A. 1). Presepvingf Strawberpies.— I am glad to see that these still hol