MO ae ; cv Ee MT EE RTT Pg Be ee a a ee eek ig ae Gopyright NO COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: GARDENING Ter AEALIA 200 RECREATION A booklet of information about gardening for busy mcn and womMme»n Published ks AMERICAN FORK & HOE CO. Cleveland, O. Copyright, 1910, by AMERICAN ForkK & Hor CoMPANyY, CLEVELAND, OHIO GONTBENT & Page Introductory - - - - - - 5) Gardening for health and recreation - : - - fi Essentials of successful gardening - - - - - 10 Hints on vegetable gardening - - . - - 14 Hints on flower gardening - - S - - 16 What to plant and when to plant it - - - - 18 A list of good books on gardening - = - - 24 Index - = = = = 2 = : 27 INTRODVCTORY HIS little book is written in order to bring to the attention of busy men and women, the first set of high-grade, well-selected garden-tools ever offered a single complete outfit. The book also contains much valuable and interesting in- formation about gardening. It tells how a very small amount of land may yield the maximum results in health, happiness, and recreation at little expenditure of money, or labor. One obstacle to the enjoyment of these benefits has been the fact that heretofore it has been impossible to buy in one outfit just the right tools of guaranteed quality—tools that last long, and make the least demand on your time and strength. We have long been manufacturing garden-tools of unquestioned superiority in quality and design— in fact, the best garden-tools made in the world. Only recently, however, have we put on sale a com- plete set of guaranteed tools combined to meet all requirements. It is now for sale by leading dealers everywhere, under the name of the True Temper Outfit of Garden Tools:— One True Temper Special Hoe (Self-sharpening) One True Temper Solid Bow Steel Garden-Rake One True Temper Four-tined Spading-Fork One True Temper Hand-forged Steel Weeder One True Temper Steel-blade Turf-Edger One True Temper Solid Steel Garden-Trowel One 45-ft. Garden-Line, and Stakes Price of Outfit, Complete, $4.50 6 INTRODUCTORY On every outfit is a conspicuous label listing the tools, naming the price, and guaranteeing the contents and quality. If you cannot secure the outfit from your dealer, write to us direct, mentioning his name, and we'll make it our business to see you are supplied. American Fork & Hoe Company Executive Offices Cleveland, Ohio GeASRe De ER Ne ltoNe Caw EsOpr HEALTH AND RECREATION HE advantages of gardening as a source of health, recreation and profit are being recognized more and more with every year. It has been taken up by clever and capable people as a livelihood, and shown to be extremely profitable. The up-to-date farmer recognizes its value as a profitable adjunct to more extensive operations. Thousands who have been compelled by ill health to give up active business life have been restored to strength and self-support by contact with the bountiful earth. The wonderful results thus obtainable are now too weli known to be questioned anywhere. But there is another vast field open for gardening, the development of which is still in its infancy. It possesses wonderful and largely unrealized possibilities for busy men and women who dwell in towns and cities, or their suburbs—who live, in the main, sedentary lives, with little time for recreation. Many persons so situated are deterred from taking up gardening by the fear that it will necessitate too much hard work, or a large amount of land or expense. Nothing need be farther from the truth. In fact, no hobby or recreation returns a larger interest in proportion to the original investment. With proper care, vegetables and flowers more than repay any outlay on seed, plants, fertilizer, tools or other accessories. Growing Tnterest tn Gardening Its Possibilities jor Busy Men and Women Does not Re- quire Much Land, Labor or Expense The Possibilt- ties of Small Gardens Gardening for Health Exercise More Beneficial When Agreeable Gardening Brings Visible Rewards & GARDENING FOR HEALTH AND RECREATION A large piece of ground is not needed. In fact, some are discouraged simply because they plant a much larger area than they need to supply their wants. A small garden will yield a surprising wealth of fruit and blossom, and be all the easier to care for. It is not hard work, but regular and systematic work, that brings the results, both in the yield and in the health and happi- ness of the owner. Those who think they need large space for effective display would do well to note the illustrations on pages 7 and 9. They show better than words how luxuriant and decorative may be a small plot in the back yard, or a yard-wide strip along a boundary fence, house-wall, or veranda. A half-hour in the early morning or the long spring and summer twilight may actually result in adding years to a man’s life. There is no question of the fact that many owe complete restoration from a serious, if not critical, physical condition, to the fact that they took up gardening. No medicine can equal the tonic of fresh air and vigorous exercise in the garden of the greatest of all physicians—Mother Nature. There is subtle but real influence in the soil, that gives blood and vigor to its votaries. It is well recognized that out-door exercise is far superior to in-door exercise. Also, that exercise must be thoroughly enjoyed to be truly beneficial. Here gardening is surely second to none; for it leads one into ever- growing perception of beauty, the study of new plants, new methods and new appreciation of the world of growing things. More than this, gardening brings immediate and visible rewards. The gardener sees the product of his toil growing under his hand, from day to day and month to month. GARDENING FOR HEALTH AND RECREATION 9 He has the perfect rose of his own culture to exhibit to his friends. He has the satisfaction of tasting his own melons—and the keen appetite to appreciate them. He sees, as he never saw before, the clothing of the earth in vernal green, the wealth of summer's fruits and flowers, the glory of the scarlet and gold in autumn. One of the most valuable results of such a hobby or recreation is its effect wpon temperament. Though immersed in mercantile or professional life, the lover of flowers and vegetables carries about with him all day a bit of the blue sky and the green leaves, with maybe a snatch of song from a song-sparrow or a cheerful note from the robin. That vision helps wonderfully to smooth out some of the rough places. It gradually does away with care, worry and irritation. From the vacant lots and back yards of cities, to the farms of the open country, every summer witnesses a transformation of ugly surroundings into things of beauty. How much greater are the possibilities of intelligent development of one’s own opportunities at home can be utilized for decoration of truly artistic value. This book is intended to be of practical assistance to all who would know the great rewards of this finest of all rec- reations. Many hints will be found in the following pages that may prove helpful to the . beginner. d where the lawns, shrubbery and garden Effect of Gar- dening upon Temperament Beautifying One's Home Surroundings Importance of Good Tools O ONE should be deterred by the notion that gardening im- plies hard labor, great expense, or expert knowledge to start with; for nothing could be farther from the truth. The fine points in growing flowers, fruits and vegetables come, of course, gradually from reading and experience. In fact, one of the greatest of the many attractive features of gardening is that as one goes into it, he or she finds continually increasing interest in new species, methods, etc. But a clear understanding of a few simple principles is always helpful at the start. These may be summed up briefly as follows: Good, reliable tools; Proper preparation of the soil; Cold-frames, hot-beds, and seed-beds; Good seeds or plants; Thorough cultivation; 6. Fertilizing. It is a prime essential for the gardener to have good, reliable tools, and to know how they should be used. It is foolish for him to waste time and strength by doing with his hands, or with a rake, that which can be better done with a good hoe or weeder— just as it would be to cut his grass with a pair of shears instead of a lawn- oo to Ou mower. It is equally foolish to buy cheap, unreliable tools that are harder to use, wear out quickly, and always cost the most in the long run. For example, there are many different operations necessary in the ~ cultivation of a single tomato-plant. Both time and expense are saved by using for each a reliable and properly adapted tool. ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL GARDENING TI The seed-bed or cold-frame can be most easily pulverized witha spading- fork. The rake levels the surface with the least effort. A good weeder or a sharp hoe makes cultivation and weeding more like fun than work. Transplanting will be quickly and safely accomplished with a good trowel. And the garden-line makes it easy to lay off straight, trim rows. Now the tools enumerated above are all included in the True Temper Garden Outfit. Its possession means that for a comparatively small initial outlay, you have at the very start just the tools you need to meet con- tingencies as they arise. To purchase the tools one by one would take seven times as long; you would be less apt to get just the right combination; you would be uncertain of securing the best quality; you might lack a most convenient tool just when you need it most, But the True Temper Garden Outfit saves you the time and trouble of investigation. It assures you of the fitness and quality of your tools. Every one of these, in the first place, has the True Temper label—showing p that it is the very best of its kind that we make. In fact, it is impossible to make better tools than those in the Garden Outfit. Secondly—each tool is specially adapted to a certain purpose, which no other tool can equally well discharge. Thirdly—not one is superfluous; every kind of garden needs each one of the seven tools. Fourthly—our absolute guarantee of contents and quality is printed upon the label of every outfit. We make, of course, a great variety of other tools, and do not mean to say that others could not be used to advantage in many if not in all gardens. But those included in this outfit are sufficient. In other words, they The True Temper Ouifit of Garden Tools Good Drainage Necessary Si eed ms Beds 12 : ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL GARDENING represent the maximum amount of efficiency at the minimum of trouble and expense. With these in your possession, you are fully equipped. Whatever you have need for on any particular day, you will find here ready for use. You can be sure that they will not bend, break or fail you just when you need them most. In short, the first essential is now disposed of—you have the tools, and can consider the preparation of your soil. If your ground is low or damp, it should be drained. Ina small garden this can be accomplished by planting in beds raised above the level of the paths, by having the rows run in the same direction as the general slope, and by ditching on the lower side. This can all be done as the garden is spaded and cultivated, and need not be troublesome or expensive. On the other hand, if your garden is too dry, it should be dug deeply, kept level, and the rows run at right angles to the general slope. Also, provision should be made for watering with hose in very dry weather. Seed-beds are easily made, and very useful. They may be in the open ground, or, for early varieties, inclosed by a frame of lumber, and covered with boards or glass. The soil should be rich and mellow. For forcing, the necessary heat can be obtained by an under-dressing of manure, firmed down several inches below surface. Some such provision for raising young plants is very important. Seed is not expensive, but poor, spindling plants are. It is better to sow freely, thin out, and finally transplant the biggest and stockiest plants, whether flowers or vegetables. The reward in increased bloom or fruit will greatly outweigh any addi- tional trouble. Furthermore—the shock of removalis minimized when the plant has to be carried but a few yards and the roots exposed for only a few moments. ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL GARDENING I Yo Buy your seed only from reputable and experienced seedsmen. It pays. A few cents saved by the purchase of poor seed, means dollars buried in fertilizer and cultivation, and the loss of half your pride and pleasure in the garden. Thorough cultivation is perhaps the most important of all. It is this that brings health, vigor and fruit—both to the plant and to gardener. The frequent stirring of the surface soil kills the principal enemies of the plant —the weeds—and preserves the moisture in the soil, without which vege- tables and flowers perish, or become dwarfed and stunted. Both rake and hoe should be used constantly, so that the surface soil is kept loose and as finely pulverized as possible. A full discussion of the subject of fertilizing would be impossible in a book of this character. The amounts and kinds of fertilizer to be used depend on the character and condition of the soil, and must vary in different cases. It is eternally true, however, that what is taken from the soil should be returned to it again; and money spent on manure or commercial fertilizer, wisely used, will more than pay for itself in increased size, appearance and quality of the product. Good See dd Thorough Cultivation Necessary Fertilizing Depends on Character of Soil Why Home-grown Vegetables Are Best The Vegetable Garden may be Attractive in Appearance “YO one who has tasted peas, lettuce, sweet-corn, beets, melons or cucumbers of his own raising can ever be quite satisfied with others. The world shrugs its shoulders and says it is merely because the gardener is carried away by his own enthusiasm, or that his exercise has given him a better appetite. But the world is wrong. Home-grown vegetables are better than the ones you buy, and for several reasons. In the first place, they are always fresh. They come to the table fresh from the dew or the warm, up-turned earth. Then, too, they are usually of superior varieties. The professional gardener selects the hardiest, or most prolific, or earliest varieties—not necessarily the best. He wants those that are least liable to disease; that give the biggest yield to the acre, or the biggest individual specimens, or will first reach the market—not those of finest flavor. This chief object of the market-gardener—the cash return—often leads to another inferiority in his product. He picks either too soon—in order to reach an early market, or too late—in order to get size. In the home-garden you do neither. You can have beets, cucumbers, radishes, or peas when they are small, sweet and tender. Your melons and tomatoes can be picked when full-ripe. Everything will be perfectly fresh. None but the experienced know what a difference this makes. We are only too apt to speak of flowers alone as ‘‘beautiful’’ and of vegetables as “homely,” “useful,” etc., forgetting that all thriving and luxuriant plants are beautiful. A trim garden of vegetables, well laid out in even rows, with fresh, healthy plants, may be ornamental in the highest degree. HINTS ON VEGETABLE GARDENING 15 It would be hard indeed to imagine anything more delicately graceful than the long leaves of the corn and its feathery tassels waving in the breeze. If planted with some regard to appearances, your garden will attract favorable comment from all visitors. Splendid results may be attained without great expense, labor or expert knowledge. Cultivation and moisture are the great essentials, and if you keep down the weeds, you are pretty sure to keep up your own interest and enthusiasm. An elaborate treatise on growing vegetables would be out of place here— more especially as any of the books listed on page 24 will give all needed information. fk But we may emphasize a few little things that are overlooked almost as often by the practical farmer as by the beginner. Give each plant plenty of room for its roots. The yield will not increase with the number of plants to a row—within reasonable limits, the result will be exactly the other way. Thinning out plants or fruit means often great increase in the size and perfection of those left. Don’t be afraid to do it. Never let weeds, bugs, or plant-diseases get ahead of you. If taken at the start it is generally easy to combat them. Do not overdo watering. Cultivation is a better way to keep the soil moist, except in very dry weather. But when you do water, do it thoroughly. Turn on the hose and let it run all night. When transplanting, select only the sturdiest and stockiest plants. It pays. Nothing is gained by trying to save the weak or spindling. A healthy plant will bear in half the time. How to grow Good Vegetables Things to Guard Agatnst Plan jor Your Garden Early Decorative Feature Important Hardy Flowers jor Every Season eo oe ON FLOWER GARDENING PW “HERE will be many leisure moments when the family can sit around the table and plan the flower garden for next summer. This, in itself, is an occupation of fascinating interest; and it will add greatly to your satisfaction with the results next summer. A list of books will be found on page 24 of this booklet giving many sources of helpful illustration and suggestion. In your planning, remember that your object is not merely to have an abundance of the flowers that you like best, but quite as much to have them so appropriately planted as to make the whole garden decorative. The color-scheme should be harmonious, and its effect in relation to house, fences, outbuildings, etc., considered. Try to arrange for a constant succession of bloom, so that you will have no break from the crocuses and snowdrops of early spring to the chrysan- themums of fall. The old familiar hardy favorites are the best. Almost every day through the long season, something new comes into bloom. Your garden is ever beautiful, never wearisome. Snowdrops blossom in early March, to be followed rapidly by scillas, crocuses, gorgeous tulips, and the endless varieties of narcisst. Before May, columbines, oriental poppies and irises give color to the garden; while the purple and white hlacs vie with flaming Japan quinces, delicately tinted magnolias, and other flowering shrubs. June brings us the hardy rose to queen it over every other flower; but rhododendrons, kalmias, peonies and a wealth of other blossoms are hardly second in importance. The long summer sees a constant succession from Japanese irises and lilies, gaily attired phlox, yuccas with clustered bells, flaming tiger-lilies and tall hollyhocks, to great nodding sunflowers, hydrangeas, campanulas and a HINTS ON FLOWER GARDENING 17 bewildering multitude of color and sweetness to call the honey-bees and butterflies, without whose drowsy murmur or fluttering wings the summer charm is incomplete. Fall finds us with much still left to delight and charm, hardily weathering the early frosts and blooming till the killing cold of winter, such as the Japanese anemones, and our old friends, the hardy chrysanthemums.* Few realize how rapidly one’s stock of plants and bulbs increases without any great annual outlay. The hollyhock bed in spring will be full of tiny seedlings that can be transplanted; golden-glow will thrive and spread like a weed; geraniums, begonias, colei, furnish innumerable cuttings for propa- gation; and when you take up your dahlias, or cannas, you will be amazed at the yearly increase. It is better to begin with the hardier varieties, and thus have success from the start. Once interested, there is little doubt that you will rapidly extend your knowledge, and in a few years know how to deal with the rarest affd most delicate plants, if you wish to have them. Finally, there are many excellent magazines and a host of good books, any one of which will give you, for a small outlay, all the practical advice you need. You can add to your garden literature as you add to your experience. (See list of books on gardening printed on page 24.) *An excellent list of one hundred plants for an all-year garden, by Leonard Barron, was published in the issue of The Garden Magazine for October, 1909. How Rapialy Flowers Repro- duce themselves Begin with the Hardiest Good Advice Always at Hand HIS booklet is not intended as a scientific treatise on gardening. There are many excellent works on the subject, and the reader will find a list, on pages 24 to 26, from which he can readily choose one that is both within his means and suited to his needs. But it may not be amiss to give a little practical information in concise, popular form, about the proper time and way to plant some of the vegetables and flowers that will find a place in nearly every garden. I—VEGETABLES Asparagus—Once an asparagus-bed is established, it will give excellent results from even a very small space. Asparagus can be raised from seed, but in most cases it will be more convenient to buy the roots. Set roots six inches deep, 24x36 inches apart. They need rich soil. Do not cut heavily the first season. Cut off and burn stalks in fall. Lima Beans—Sow in May, one quart seed to every 100 feet, or 100 hills. Either bush or pole-limas will prove satisfactory. Do not plant beans too early. Beans will rot and fail to sprout, if planted in cold, wet soil. Wait till it becomes thoroughly warm and dry. If you use poles, be sure to set them before sowing the beans. No second planting is necessary. Limas will bear from July or August to frost. String Beans—Sow at intervals of two or three weeks from May to August. Thin to one foot apart, two feet between rows. Most beginners err by leaving plants too close, and planting too much ground. Beans are very prolific and will not need nearly as much space as peas. Like limas, they should not be planted till the ground is warm. Beets—Sow April to August, one ounce to 50 feet of drill, one and one-half inches deep. Thin or transplant to 9x18 inches. Sow every two or three weeks for early varieties. Beets are best if used when small and tender. The best results are probably obtained by sowing in drills in small quantities. This will take up very little space in the garden, and furnish an abundant supply of vigorous seedlings for transplanting. WHAT TO.PLANT AND WHEN TO PLANT, IT 19 Cabbage—Seed can be sown indoors in February or March; outdoors, May and June. Cover seed a half-inch. One ounce seed will give 2000 plants. It is perhaps more convenient for most people to buy the young plants, and set them out 2x3 feet apart. Cabbage will do well, with a little precaution against the cabbage-worm. Cauliflower—Same directions as for cabbage. Cauliflower, however, needs more care and better soil, as well as more water. Chard, Swiss—Becoming more popular, as it iseasily grown and furnishes abundant leaves to cook and serve like beet-greens or spinach. Will thrive until frost. Sown in drills one and one-half inch, one ounce to 50 feet. Thin to six or nine inches. Corn—Reserve plenty of space in the garden for sweet-corn. Sow in hills3x3 feet as soon as ground is thoroughly warm in May. Thin to three or four stalks to a hill. Do not plant too many hills at once, but sow a few every two or three weeks until July. Plant first a good early variety, then Golden Bantam, then a main crop variety. Cress—Water-cress will growin damp soil as well as in water. Sow April to July, one ounce to 50 feet, one-quarter inch deep. Thin to three or four inches apart. After cutting it will grow again. Cucumber—Make hills good and rich with compost or well-rotted manure, 3x3 feet apart. One ounce seed for 50 hills. Thin to two or three vines to hill or even less. White Spine is the best general-purpose variety. Cucumbers may have to be sprayed to prevent disease—and prevention is much better than cure. The fruit should not be allowed to grow too large. Pick before the shell and seeds begin to harden. Egg-Plant—Can be sown indoors in February or March. One ounce seed to 1000 plants, a half-inch deep; but young plants can easily be procured and set out when ground is thoroughly warm and dry. Set them 3x3 feet. It pays to pinch back the bloom, allowing only a few fruits to the plant. These will develop faster and grow larger. Lettuce—Sow indoors or in hot-bed in February and March. It will stand fairly early transplanting, and should have a good start before hot weather comes. With good cultivation, lettuce can be made in open ground, though it will not make as large or firm heads as under glass. There are several good varieties, however, that can be sowed in open ground and cut as soon as leaves are five or six inches long. Lettuce needs shallow cultivation and water. 20 . WHA Tr TO PLANT AND HOW! TO BEAT TT Melons.—Musk-melon, one ounce to 60 hills; water-melon, one ounce to 50 hills; hills should be 4 or 5 feet apart. Follow directions for cucumbers. Onions—To make large onions, sow indoors in February and set out in April or May, 6 inches to a foot apart in the row. Onion-sets can be planted very early in open ground and can be pulled and eaten from May on, when small and tender. Peas—Everyone likes to have plenty of early peas. Sow every two weeks April to June, 3 inches deep. For a constant supply you need to give up more space in your garden than to any other crop except corn. But the early plantings will be through bearing in time to use the same ground for beans, beets or other vegetables. Pepper—It is best to buy the young plants and set out 1 1% feet by 2 or 3 when ground is warm. They require little care, and a few plants will yield abundantly till frost. Radish—Scarlet Turnip, French Breakfast and Long Scarlet are popular varieties. Radishes mature very rapidly. Need warm, fairly rich soil. Should be eaten when small and tender. Soil must not be too wet. Sow every week or ten days. Spinach—Sow one ounce to 100 feet of drill, one inch deep; thin to six inches; rows 18 inches apart. Sown in spring it will give good supply for summer. By sowing thick- leaved winter varieties in October, and mulching with leaves or straw, you can have spinach very early in the following spring. Squashes—Sow in May and June, one ounce to 50 hills, one inch deep. Give them plenty of room, three to four feet for bush and six to eight feet for late. Squashes can be cooked in an astonishing variety of ways, and every garden should have a few hills each of the crook-neck and white scallop summer squashes and the late Hub- bard and Marrow varieties. They are rank growers and very prolific. Two or three hills of each kind will supply a family. Tomatoes—The tomato 1s also a prolific vegetable, and a dozen plants will yield more than the ordinary family can use. Plants can easily be raised from seed, sown indoors or in hot-bed in February; but most people will find it more convenient to buy them, if the desired varieties can be obtained. Tomato-culture has advanced tremendously in recent years. It is now well known that the vines should be kept back to a single stem by pinching off the runners as soon as they start from the bud. They should also be trained to stakes. The yield of a given area may be doubled by these methods, and the fruit improved in size and quality. WEARITO PLANT AND HOW TO:PLANE IT 2I II—F LOWERS Ageratum—One of the best blue flowering annuals. Dwarf varieties suitable for edging; taller growing kinds excellent for beds and borders. Does well in any garden- soil. Start seeds in flats in house or cold-frame, and transplant to garden after danger of frost is over. Aster (China)—Start seeds in cold-frames in early spring or sow out of doors when danger of frost is over, thinning out to one foot apart. Asters require deep, rich soilthat has had a liberal top-dressing of wood-ashes spaded into it. For specimen flowers, pinch back side-buds, allowing full strength of plant to develop terminal bud. By selection and cross-breeding, modern floriculturists have produced marvelously beauti- ful varieties in the China Aster family. Calendula—One of the easiest grown annuals. Will thrive in any location; and the deep-orange blossoms, if picked as fast as they fade, will produce a beautiful bed or border until frost. Sow seeds where they are to grow, after danger of frost is over, thinning out to six or eight inches apart after plants are up. Canterbury Bell—Plant seeds in August in cold-frame, allowing seedlings to winter over in frames. Transplant to garden in early spring where they will blossom in early summer. There are many beautiful varieties of the Canterbury Bell family. Candytujt—Sow in open ground in fall or in early spring. Dwarf varieties make effective edgings. The hardy variety of Candytuft (Iberis) is one of the most beautiful of the spring-blooming flowers. Columbine—Start seed in cold-frame in August, and allow plants to winter over in frame. Transplant to garden in early spring. Varieties—Caerula, Helenae and Cana- densis are especially desirable. Seeds may also be sown directly in open ground in early spring. Coreopsis—A perennial that may be grown as an annual. Sow seeds in frames in August, allowing seedlings to winter over in frames. Set out early in spring in any good garden soil, where they will give a constant succession of starry golden blossoms until frost. Faded flowers should be kept picked. Seeds planted in open ground in spring will produce blossoming plants in late summer. Cosmos— Plant seeds about April 10th in cold-frames, and transplant to garden when danger from frost is over. Will do well in almost any soil in full sunlight. Beauti- ful starry, pink, white and crimson blossoms in September and October. Seeds may also be started in open ground after danger of frost is over. ty LN) WHAT LO PLANT AN DITOW: PO TTPIEAN Taide Dahlia—Generally propagated by root-division, but just as easily grown from seed. Dahlias come in many beautiful varieties and colors and should be grown in deep, rich soil. By allowing only one shoot from below the ground to develop, much sturdier plants are secured. Foxglove—Well-known perennials and biennials. Sow seeds in spring, and transplant as soon as plants are large enough to handle. Transplant again to permanent position in border in October. Any good soil. Four O’Clock—Sow seeds outdoors, where plants are to grow, after danger from frost is over. Thin out to one foot. Quicker germination of seed is promoted by soaking in hot water several hours before sowing. Sunny situation. Gaillardia—One of the best of perennials and a prolific bloomer. Sow seeds in frame in August, and winter over plants in frame, transplanting in early spring. Or may be sown outdoors in early spring, and will blossom same year. Immense yellow flowers with red center. Moderately rich soil. Hollyhock—Sow seed in frames in August, and allow seedlings to winter over there. Transplant in early spring to very deep rich soil. Hollyhocks are subject to blight that can be controlled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture or other fungicides. Larkspur—Tall, stately perennials of richest blue. Hybrid varieties run largely to light-blue, while the variety known as ‘‘Formosum”’ has deep indigo-blue flowers. There is also an annual variety. Plant seeds in frames in August, and allow plants to winter over there. Transplant to deep, rich soil in early spring. Mignonette—A favorite sweet-scented flower that must be sown where the plants are to grow, as they do not bear transplanting well. Any fairly rich garden-soil. Nasturtium—Sow out of doors where plants are to remain, in May. Thin out to six inches apart. Any soil. Pansy—Plant seeds in early summer in rich soil, transplanting seedlings to cold-frame in September or October. Frames will be a mass of bloom in April and May. Seeds sown in open ground in April will produce blooming plants for late summer and fall. Petunia—Sow ‘in flats in house during February or March, taking care not to allow seeds to be any more than just covered by the soil. Transplant to open when danger of frost is past. Seeds can also be sown out of doors where they are to grow, but must be protected by newspapers or boards from the sun’s rays until germinated. Petunias thrive in any good garden-soil. WHAT TO PLANT AND HOW TO PLANT IT 3 to ~] Poppy (Annual)—Seed can be sown broad-cast in fall or in early spring. Must be sown in beds where they are to grow, as they will not readily bear transplanting. Poppy plants do not suffer from early frosts. Poppy (Perennial)—These are among the most gorgeous flowers of May and early June. Seeds should be sown in frames in spring, and transplanted as soon as plants are large enough. They should be again transplanted to their permanent locations in September or October. Rich garden-loam. Sweet Peas—Trenches should be prepared one foot in depth (at least) and the soil thoroughly mixed with manure and wood-ashes. Fill up trench to four inches from surface of ground, and sow seeds at this level in early spring, just covering them over with soil. As seeds germinate and begin to grow, gradually fill in trench until level with surface of ground. Spencer varieties especially desirable. Spider Plant—Sow seeds where plants are to grow, in any good garden-soil. Flowers are pink and white with curious shapes that are responsible for the plant’s name. Very effective when grown in clumps—three feet high. Zinnia—The easiest flower to grow, succeeding anywhere and everywhere. Plan seeds in beds where plants are to remain, and thin out to eight or ten inchesapart when plants are about three weeks old. JX JET SLA Ale CGO Op BOOKWYS ON GARDENING HE list of books given below is not by any means all-inclusive. It is not intended to form a complete library on the subject, but to give the reader a choice of good, reliable information from books that proved their usefulness. Those who do not wish to be put to great expense can find here several inexpensive books that will meet all average requirements. At the same time we have included some of the most elaborate and comprehensive, for the benefit of anyone who may wish to follow up the subject in greater detail. The ‘headings introducing each group indicate the general character of the books listed. GAKDEN AND FP LORIC OLLURE Name of Book Another Hardy Garden Book Book of English Gardens, A Flower Garden, The Flower Gardening Four Seasons in a Garden Garden Beautiful, The Garden Month by Month, The Author Helena R. Ely M. R. Cloag Ida D. Bennett T. Bridgeman Eben E. Rexford W. Robinson Mabel C. Sedgwick and R. Cameron P rice $1 BOM mele) 00 .OO Published By The Macmillan Company, New York City The Macmillan Company, New York City Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York City John C. Winston & Co., 1006 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Thea Be Lippincott Gor Philadelphia, Pa. Chas. Scribner’s Sons, New York City The Frederick Stokes Co., 333 4th Avenue, New York City GOOD BOOKS ON GARDENING Name of Book Home Floriculture Home Garden, The Horticulturist’s Rule Book Kitchen Gardening Simple Flower Garden for Country Homes, A Wall and Water Gardens Water Gardening Wild Garden, The Woman’s Hardy Garden, Wood and Garden Author Eben E. Rexford pale Eben E. Rexford ese aie Batley: T. Bridgeman Chas. Barnard Gertrude Jekyll 4 Peter Bissett Dh W. Robinson 4. Helena R. Ely Gertrude Jekyll Bh Pr 1Ce@ 00 40 00 50 80 ~I Ot The * ji. LIN) Gy Published By The Orange Judd Co., 439 Lafayette Street, New York City B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa. The Macmillan Co., New York City John C. Winston & Co. 1006 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. John C. Winston & Co. 1006 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Charles Scribner’s Sons New York City An Deva. Maren Printine & Publishing Co., Ltd., 2 Duane Street, New York City Charles Scribner’s Sons New York City Grosset & Dunlap 52 Duane Street, New York City Charles Scribner's Sons New York City VEGETABLE GARDENING How to Make a Vegetable Garden Vegetable Garden, The Principles of Vegetable Gardening Edith L. Fullerton $2.00 Ida D. Bennett i 650) L. H. Bailey 1.25 Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York City Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York City The Macmillan, Co. New York City 26 GOOD BOOKS ON GARDENING Name of Book Author Price Published By Vegetable Culture for We ae lay: $1.00 Charles Scribner’s Sons, Amateurs New York City SUMPTUOUS GARDENING BOOKS American Country Homes J. C. Baker $5.00 John C. Winston & Co., and Their Gardens 1006 Arch Street New York City American Gardens Guy Lowell 7.50 Bates & Guild, Boston, Mass. Italian Gardens Geo. S. Elgood 12.00 Longmans, Green & Co., 91 Fifth Avenue, New York City Some English Gardens Jekylland Elgood 12.00 Longmans, Green & Co., 91 Fifth Avenue, New York City Garden Color Margaret Waterfield and others 6.60 1D, 12) IWitawerm &e Co,, al We Zardeoureet New York City CYCLOPEDIC WORKS Cyclopedia of American L. H. Bailey $20.80 The Macmillan Co., Agriculture New York City English Flower Garden, W. Robinson 6.60 Charles Scribner’s Sons, The New York City Convenient Tables for Planting Both Flowers and Vegetables A comprehensive list of flowers and vegetables with tables showing time to plant, amount of seed required, season of bloom or fruit, description of variety and other useful information, was printed in the issue of Suburban Life for March, 1909. It will be found exceedingly useful for reference. This magazine is published by the Suburban Press of Harrisburg, Pa., New York and Boston, from whom copies may be obtained. BRE SRSUEUIE <5 anol « Mr aane eh Se 21 PREM AS tas tatty re oN i c= Sie A 18 ENGSHUGIP 5. ox eet cept eee ge OER Ore PM REIS eee yh Net ede g Sie 18 IE 2G. ES Seyi eae oO eee 1s Beautifying home-surroundings. 19 Books on Gardening.......... 24, 25, 26 LAINE in a rr 19 EHO As cee Sk bang oe aes. ail amin Gibter sent cdo ccs © 6 8 ss i Ganperpury Bell: . 5.252.552 es Dal CAVE UTIL O01 23 a oe aca a ee 19 PUG Clameye tists are COL nels tas 19 PROMEEC: Fas Sods les here eee 21 > ECS ae en ee 7a LDA 25 nck Noe ae 19 aINO Sta a: Soir a kee sas 22 CESS see 19 PR PEMETUNGT od stle ees we anierw ess oe 19 SETAE CLO es sore Fat: Sin Hoo wees ewe 3 013: TGR Ae ie pee eon ae eee ce 22 Decorative value of gardening. . 16 Directions for planting ......... 18-23 Mrainage Of SOil fo she cna 2, Effect of gardening on tempera- ANTE M Uayoreks Sefer atts, es ec OIE 9 PE, aah te rh cthe 54 oe Re tome S 19 Essentialsof successful gardening 10-13 Exercise as related to gardening Sela SRA ZATIER: ps foc 4 waste eo Miedgene «1 15 Flower-gardening, hints on.... 16, 17 Flowers, advantage of hardy... 16, 17 Flowers appropriate to seasons. 16, 17 Bott O Clackey chiara. oral) maha tenes 22 Pox s1oves Fa. sea mcbs 22 Ganllardia eee oss Rei a 22 Gardening: Beautifies home-surroundings 9 IBOOKSTO Teeter ern te 24, 25, 26 Does not imply great expense i WO Does not need much land.... 7, 8, 10 Essentials of success in...... 10-13 For health and recreation... . 7-9 Possibilities for busy men and WOMLETIE Leer raat roe if Visible'rewards of. .......~. 9 Hardy varieties, their advan- LASES Raat ci coro aioe 16, 17 PAGE Hints on flower-gardening..... 16 Hints on vegetable-gardening. . 14 Holly Woche, Pts 2 Se ope atn ee = Home-grown vegetables, why ESUM ryote ain ae mane eae wade 14 How to grow vegetables....... 15 How to have a constant succes- Siow, Ot loom oo cnccantoces ~ AGS ily Titre dtietomienrn scat asc. thts 5 Park: spuitet yarn decsseie aie: Seas ee 22 IEEE CU CCleaner ye ry Reta nae 19 Wimacbeans. hese. coos oper 18 List of books on gardening... .24, 25, 26 IMiclOmS yar iret on cas tere Zee 20 Mignonetie: a.2:tme9s6 cee 22 INaStantiuinne eee ete er eect 22 AWS ies at: oh cis Bees ee Ce 22 IDEAS Siriaas Fg Cre eo ate 20 28 INDEX Page Page 1DUSi0y 821 pt ere a mene RE Caen cate Pana 20) ' Gables tor plamting an ssn... ¢ 26 ReGuniac nc. oceverrtuaie eater De “Mawkaronvaer EINES. was coabcbooor 125 1S Piamtine-tablesis 2.50. .us es « Zou Momatoes: 4: ines pick. ay ae 20 [256 6) Oh deg CREME Seca vRNce Ay aA on Sheela Zar Loolsimpombancel Ole... ac. oe 10 Price of True Temper Outfit. .. 5 True Temper Outfit of garden iDance ee 90) tOOlSS ohare eee ee oy il Seed should be reliable........ 13 Vegetable-gardening, hints on. 14 JElonyye sangeielay yoyo) Wevaiel., 2 65 55 oe 18-23 Vegetable-gardening may be x > GRUNER aad 56 Belobo alc 14 Seed=sbedsnrsget a -so socks a 12 S : zs : Aaa weer : , Wegetables, how to raise....... 15 Small gardens, possibilities of. . 8 ne > 72 What to plant and when to plant Soileatneaiene mie Olsen ennai = 12S cB ele cen Tia ae 18 Spider-plant Sk aa on Spee ae Why home-grown vegetables are Spinach. .........--+e++seeee 20 DEStis Ayer eh assests. cae ee 14 Squashes......--+-+--++----- 2 I Aichi ab: rah ge ee aPC ACRE AGN Ls 23 SWE ba DCAG i minke ea iea eae eicpeaal 23 hth * Jal . 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