Ht Hi iN Digi etenstatecterssmtcmta == 25 : a HE cc a ae ccc HI IRL Tl a oe ; dy sh Hl 7 ut i 7 ae} : Mi i, ; ? og OP qh f i - + z : " al es “a i _ ¥} | 1 heh i ith id u P.~ ) Gas 7 = cane , hg > ; y . ‘ ‘ S y == - ss ’ S 3 ve . E : ne . E = : : 3 ‘ ¥ - ; = ‘walt nok 188 GARD EN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume II August, 1905, to January, 1906 awh \ (oct 20 8 } ARIC Lis — NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1906 oi \ ee ihe 4 — Copyright, 1905, by Doubleday, Page & Company - + ' END Om Te GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume I]—August, 1905, to January, 1906 Albee, H. R., articles by, 217, 284. All the species of phlox worth cultivating, 167. All the spruces worth cultivating, 24. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 111 Ampelopsis V eitchii, 110, 196. Anderson, W.., article by, 215. Andrews, D. M., photograph by, 168. Angell, H. E., photographs by, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 116, 210, 211, 212. Angell, Ida M., articles by, 136, 194, 216. _ Answers to queries, 148, 294. Ants, 39. Apples, 113, 128, 138. Apricots, 129. Arbor, 108. Arborvite, 15, 23, 28, 29. A.R. L., article by, 148. Atterbury, S., photograph by, 176. August bulbs for Christmas flowers, 41. August-sown lettuce that broke the record, 75. Banks, planting for, 23. Barron, Leonard, articles by, 18, 167. photographs by, 28, 29, 116. Beeches, 109. Bell, L. M., art cle by, 215. Best trees for windbreaks, r1o. Best trellis for tomatoes, the, 180. Big crops on old currant bushes after years of neglect, 284. Big evergreens, moving of, 30. Bloomed three times in fourteen months, 216. Books, gardening, 229. - Border, busy time in the, 57. Borers are active, the, 82. Bowen, A., article by, 218. Box, 20, 21. Braunton, Ernest, articles by, 36, 184, 288, 292. pee leaved evergreens, the, 18. Browne, Harry R., photograph by, 214. Brussels sprouts badly out of season, 214. Bulbs, 41, 45, 80, 117, 122, 135, 142, 186, 187, 225, 230, 234. Bulbs for the window garden, 135. Bulbs started in December, 234. Bulb that blooms in August without any leaves, a, 186. Butler, Mary Leland, article by, 132. Butterbach, N., article by, 151. California cactus garden, a, 288. California garden in November, the, 184. California, planting season in, 98. Calla lilies an entire season, 225. Campaigning with chrysanthemunis, 162. Canning, 69. Catalpa worms, 148. Cedar, 10, 13. Celery, 40. Chadwick, Emily, photograph by, 135. Cherries, 129. Chili sauce, 194. Christmas gifts, 223, 228. Chrysanthemums, 162. Cider, 138. Cleaning up to destroy the winter shelters, 142. Coit, J. Eliot, article by, 72. Coldframe, pansies in the, 76. Coldframes, 58, 76. Cold storage without tce, 131. Complete garden for a family of six, a, 265 Conard, Henry S., article by, 279. Confessions of a garden sinner, the, 262. Conifers, English names for, 42. Conifers, some interesting small, 22. Conservatory built around a cellar door, a, 217. Italics signify that the article 1s tllustrated Continuous bloom from March to October, 213. Corn an umbrella for cauliflower, 214. Cornell Univ. Horticultural Dept., photo- graphs by, 128, 129, 130, 131, 273. Cornflowers that lived outdoors all winter, 75. Corn salad sown in August or September, * 6. ae transplanted when twenty inches high, 286. Craig, W. N., article by, 117. Crocuses, 45. Cucumbers and melons for summer use, 61. Culture of evergreens, the, 10. Cut flowers, 150, 184. Cuttings, 116, 164. Cypresses, 11, 22, 27, 28. Daffodils, 119, 125. Daffodils everyone should know, 125. Daisy that flowers three times a year, 225. Deciduous trees, planting, 106. Diseases and insects on peonies, 74. Division, increase by, 116, 165. Dixwell, John, article by, 213. Dracenas, 36. Ducks, wild, 152. Dugmore, A. Radcliffe, photographs by, 10, II, 126, 127, 173, 210, 211. Dunbar, John, article by, 66. Don’t burn your autumn leaves, 232. Doogue, Luke J., photographs by, 120, 121, 164, 165, 166, 166b. Douglas, T. H., article by, 15. Earlier flowers next spring, how to have, 58. Earliest spring flowers, 168. Effective planting of hardy perennials, 115. Egan, W. C., article by, 114. ; Elusive fringed gentian a garden plant at last !, the, 210. English names of some common conifers, 42. Erichsen, Hugo, article by, 298. Ether forcing without a greenhouse, 64. European grape, 172. Ever-beautiful window plants, 178. Evergreens, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 42, 21g. Evergreens for every place and purpose, 13. Evergreens for formal situations, 28. Evergreens, moving of, 30. Evergreens for windbreaks and screens, 14. Fairbrother, W. F., article by, 268. Fallen leaves, the, 209. Fall planting of hardy bulbs, 117. planting of hardy perennials, 114. planting of trees, shrubs, and vines, 106, III. F.B.S., article by, 150. Felt, E. P., articles by, 39,82, 142, 148,270. Fertilizing shale soil, 150. Fifty dollars in prizes, 184. Fir, how to tell a, to. Fire-started seeds, 294. Five dollars easily earned, 188. Fletcher, S. W., article by, 128, 273, 296. Flowers in August, 38. F. N. B., article by, 150. Forcing, 64. Formal bedding, 122. Formal gardens, unpleasant truths about, 29. Fourteen -year-old-boys garden that earned $70, a, 248. ; French, Allen, article by, 144. Fringed gentian, 210. Fruit, 128, 161. Fruit planting, 107. Fruit, storage of, 128. Fullerton, E. L., article by, 61, 69, 217. Fullerton, H. B., photographs by, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, 71. Funnel-shaped lilies, 175. Galax all the year round, 232. Gardener’s reminder, the, 9, 57, 105, 161, 209, 261. Garden for three, a, 268. Garden in a 6x6 back yard, a, 213. Gardening books far Christmas presents, 229. Garden school, 132. Garden wonders in a 25x35 back yard, 271. Gathering fruit, 130. Gentian, fringed, 210. Gerard, J. N., articles by, 146, 162, 186, 187. Ginkgo, 11. Good use for tin cans, a, 44. Grafting wax, 148. Grape hyacinths, 187. Grapes, 108, 172. Graves, N. R., photograph by, 261. Greenhouse, 57, 142, 167, 209. forcing without a, 64. Green, N. S., article by, 116. Growing plants from leaves, 164. Growing the luscious European grape, 172. Hardy bulbs for fall planting, 117. hydrangeas for summer flowers, 66. perennials for fall planting, 114. waterlilies worth knowing, 279. Harvest, 57. Heaton, H., photograph by, 84. Hedges, 14, 17, 28, 215. Hemlock, 15. Heresy in squash culture, 214. Hewitt, Arthur, photograph by, 113. Hicks, Henry, article by, 106. Hollies, hardy, 19. Home-made greenhouse for $57.80, a, 167. storage of fruits, the, 128. House plants for Christmas presents, 223. How and where to plant peonies, 72. Boston encourages tree planting, 166. much nitrate for shrubs, 150. to attract wild ducks to your neigh- borhood, 152. to get panstes blooming in March, 76. to have celery all Winter instead of vain regrets, 40. to have flowers earlier next spring, 58. to have plenty of flowers in August, 38. to keep cut flowers, 150. to make new varieties, 170. to make your plants survive this winter, 209. to raise plants by the hundred, 116. to save a whole year on strawberries, 32. Hudson, Leslie, article by, 32, 138. Humphreys, Phebe Wescott, article by, 192. photograph by, 66. Hundred thousand bulbs for school chil- dren, a, 80. Hunter, J. M., article by, 111. Hunter, William Kenneth, article by, 248. Hyacinths, 45, 117, 120. Hydrangeas, 66, 84. Hydrangea that climbs, a, 84. Iceless cold storage, 131. Idall, M., article by, 140. I. M. A., articles by, 44, 45,75, 94, 234, 286. Increase by division, 116, 165. Incomparable Fapanese lilies, the, 174. Indoor ferns for winter, 276. Insects overcome, 180. Interesting white and yellow iris, an, 146. In the greenhouse, 209. Torns, M. J., article by, 170. Ins, 115, 121, 146. Fapan cypresses, or retinosporas, the, 26. Jellies, the art of clear, 71. Jensen, Jens., article by, 122. Jewett, H. S., article by, 43. Johnston, John F., article by, 24. Fonquils, 126. Juniper, 28. Killing the bugs, 39. Lange, O. V., photograph by, 176. Larch, 11. Large mild ontons, 212. Late garden made from a refuse heap, a, 218. Lawn, bad planting of a, 117. Lawns, small conifers for, 22. L. B., articles by, 40, 150. Lettuce, 75. Lilies, 115, 174. Lupton, Millie F., article by, 178. Lycoris squamtgera, 186. Mahoney, Edward, photographs by, 132, 133, 134. Mahontas, 19. Make Chili sauce of your surplus tomatoes, 194. Mati apple cider, 138. Making beds for mushrooms at Christmas, 153- Making new varieties, 170, 246. Manure, 142, 150. Maple, 107. Marble, Flora L., article by, 64, 76, 213. Marguerite or Paris daisy, the, 292. Mason, Albert R., article by, 180. Mason, R. A., photograph by, 75. Maxwell, Henry, article by, 26. Maynard, F. D., article by, 109. McAdam, Thomas, article by, 10, 125, 229. McFarland, J. Horace, Co., photographs by, 30, 167, 168, 169. McKee, Stella S., article by, 8o. Melons, 61. Miller, Wilhelm, article by, 174. Morgan, Albert, photograph by, 115. Murray, Thomas, article by, 210. Mushrooms, 153. Muskmelons, 62. Narcissi, 45, 113, 126. New ideas for Christmas, 240. New kind of garden school, a, 132. Nichols, M. A., article by, 216. Nitrate for shrubs, 150. Norway spruce, 24. Old-fashioned flowers, 244. Onions 41, 212. Orchard, S. T., article by, 182. Original designs for bulb beds, 122. Orpet, E. O., article by, 153. Osmanthus, 19. Other garden problems that need solving, 282. Pansies, 76. Partridge, berry, 19. Partridge, H. E., photograph by, 111. Peaches, 129. Peach trees and the San Fosé scale, 238. Pears, 128, 140. Pendleton, W. E., article by, 28. Peonies, 2 Peony month, the, 72. Pergola from left-overs, a, 192. Personal experiences, 244. Peterson, George H., article by, 244. Phlox, 167. propagation of, 116. Pickling, 69. Pierce, C. C., & Co., photograph by, 36. Pine, 10, 22. Plane-tree, 110. Planting, 98, 106, 109, 111, 117, 125, 161, 1665, 219. a country place for winter, 219. a tree, 112. in California, 98. table, early flowers, 58 season for trees, Southern, 161. Plantmakers” tool-kit, 170. Plants, wilted, reviving, 115. Plums, 129. Potted plants, growing at home, 32. Powell, I. L., article by, 172. Prairies, planting on the, 109. Preparation of ground for planting, 107. Presby, Frank H., article by, 246. Preserving, 69. Pricking off, 58. Propagating device, 166. Propagating plants at home, 164. Protection of seedlings, 58. Pruning a hedge, 17. Pruning before planting, 108. Pumpkins, 63. Quality quinces for the back yard, 273. Quick way to set out strawberry or other plants, a, 144. Quinces worth growing, 296. Radishes, 63. Receipts for grafting wax, 148. Record-breaking experiences in gardening, 212. INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Record breaking hedges of annuals, 215. Replant'ng bulbs in August, 45. Retinosporas, 26, 29. Rhododendrons, 18. Rhubarb for table all summer, 217. Rice, wild, 152. Ripening pears 140. Root-pruning, 30. Rubber plants nine feet high, 180. Ruining good fruit, 129. San Fosé scale, 39, 238. Saving the garden's surplus, 69. Scientific moving of big evergreens, the, 30. Scale on house-plants, 178. Scott, James T., articles by, 58, 164, 223. Scott, William, articles by, 212, 282. Screens and windbreaks, 14. Seasonable suggestions, 142. Setting out plants quickly, 144. Shrub planting, 106. Shrubs, dwarfest, 23. for winter effect, 220. Snowdrops, 117, 120. Some choice grape hyacinths, 187. interesting small contfers, 22. Southerner’s reminder, the, 282. Southern planting season for trees, 161. South, fall planting in the, 111. Sow vegetables now for February and March eating, 282. Specimen trees from the woods, 215. Spruce, 23, 24. how to tell a, 10. unique Japanese, 25. Squashes, 63, 214. Stalk-borer, 39. Stevens, Will W., article by, 166a. Strawberries, 32, 144. Storage cellars, 131. Storing vegetables, 131, 161. Success with vegetables planted outdoors in late fall, 94. Succession, when to plant for, 124. Sweet peas sown before October Ist, 151. Sweet Williams, 216, 217. Tallest lilies, 175. Tabor, I. G., article by, 271. Taylor, H. G., article by, 262. Things we want to know, 180. Thousand pansies a day, a, 78. Thirty-five hundred roses on one bush, 216. Tin cans, 44. Tomatoes, 180, 194. Transplanting evergreens, 21, 30. Tree planting, 106, 112. Trees, deciduous, planting, 106. selecting, 106. and shrubs for color in winter, 219. Trellis for tomatoes, 180. Trenching, 114. Troth, Henry, photographs by, 1, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 59, 66, 67, 68, 74, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 167, 168, 172, 173, 178, 179, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228. Tub hydrangeas, managing, 68. Tulips, 45, 118. Twelve-ounce peaches grown under glass, 282. ’ Two good hardy vines, 196. Use for “ windfall” pears, a, 140. Vanauishing catalpa worms, 148. Varieties of feonies, 72. Vegetable marrow, 62. Vegetables outdoors in late fall, 94. Vermont experiment station, photographs by, 94, 174, 175, 176, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227. Vine planting, 106. Voorhees, Edward B., article by, 150. Warren, E. V., article by, 14. Watering, 44, 58. window plants, 179. W atermelons, 63. Wax for grafting, 148. Weeks, Grace L., articles by, 214, 238. When to plant peonies, 244. Whitlock, Gertrude, article by, 214. Why not sow sweet peas before October 1st?, 151. Why some city wistarias fail to flower, 43. Why some dracenas die,36. White trumpets a foot long, 298. Wild rice, 152. Windbreaks and screens, 14, 110. “Windfall” pears, a use for; 140. Window garden, bulbs for, 135. plants, 178, 182. Wine berry, an amateur’s fruit, the, 136. Winter campaign against scale insects, 270. Winter foliage and flower, 222. Wintering tender plants in window boxes, 182. Wistaria, 43. Withers, J. T., article by, 22. W. M., article by, 232. Wood, James, article by, 219. Woolson, G. A., article by, 276. Yew, 11, 22. AUGUST Evergreens for Every Place and Purpose 10c. How to Make the Grounds Beautiful for Winter—Evergreens for Windbreaks and Screens—Transplanting Big Evergreens—The Best Decorative Conifers 1905 $1.00 a Year e DOVBLEDAY PAGE & CO THE WORLDS 133-135.8137 EAST 16TH ST.-.NEW YORK - WORK -+ COVANTRY LIFE > IN AMERICA: iz ne en a R Ray “5 = ee : 1 C 47 TEE t . ? Announcement wAIESSRS. LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY, HITCHINGS & COM PANN and THE PIERSON-SEF TONGA PANY announce that they have consolidated and will hereafter be known as the BURNHAM-HITCHINGS-PIERSON COMP: ANY: with a view of economy greenhouse material and departments. €@ The the patents and patterns uent Companies will be of each result of Improvements uct, As A @ This consolidation of greenhouse-building interests is made in the manufacture of increased efficiency in all new corporation owning held by the three constit- enabled to embody the make into the new prod- greatly increased produc- tion of the material entering into the construction, the cost of the finished product will be proportionately dee of the most modern design and construction at a decreased cost. combined strength of facturers in the country, handle any kind of green- economically. @ Their type greenhouse con- large and small commer- of Thus, the purchaser will get a greenhouse With the three of the leading manu- they are: equipped “to house work promptly and work will embrace every struction of every size, cial greenhouses, fine con- servatories for private estates and_ public parks, and small greenhouses for CAT oO amateur quarters ereenhouse materials of deners ranging in price from $300 up. or coldframes, hotbed sash, heating and ventilating apparatus and f all kinds. They will also be head- For catalogue and estimates address BURNHAM- HITCHINGS- PIERSON 1133 BROADWAY, CORNER 26TH ST., N COMPANY EW YORK THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 3 Large Evergreens a Specialty of the MORRISVILLE NURSERY Having been established since 7849 and always specialized on evergreens, the Morrisville Nursery has probably the finest stock of large specimen trees in the country. During all these years every variety that 3s worth growing, including the rare ones, has been tested and gathered together. Special attention has been given their culture. They have been frequently transplanted and root | pruned, and having been allowed plenty of room they have grown to full symmetry and beauty. These can be moved vith the minimum of risk by my special method shown in the illustration. By this process the ball of earth around the roots is undisturbed, and the tree is transplanted without taking from the tub. ‘The tub is collapsible and is removed after the tree is in the ground. The tree here represented is a Nordmann’s Fir, 20 feet high. It has been transplanted and root pruned eight times in the lJast.twenty years and was placed in this tub in the Spring of 1904. It is in excellent condition. Price, $250 f.o.b. Morrisville. I have a number of these ready for immediate shipment, and many other varieties in Firs, Spruces, and Pines, large size. Hedges Are Also a Specialty HEMLOCK, SPRUCE, ARBORVITA, AND RETINOSPORA I offer an especially fine stock of Hemlocks in all sizes. ‘The accompanying cut shows a matured example. Fine Evergreen Stock in Every Variety Write for superbly illustrated catalogue descriptive of my evergreen and other stock SAMUEL C. MOON, Morrisville Nursery, Morrisville, Pa. ESTABLISHED IN 1849 BY MAHLON MOON (p Pie ane glauca Kosterii) transplanted last Spring, growing at Mount Hissarlile Nee New Rochelle, N. Y. J. H. Troy, Proprietor. New York Office, ZAue VaAthuSty cores Catalogue. BLUE SPRUCE 4 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE For the Conservatory and Greenhouse Seeds, Plants, and Cuttings for Winter Forcing Flowers for the Christmas Holidays If you own a greenhouse or a sunny window you can force the following varieties of BULBS for CHRISTMAS, by placing your order when you see THIS ADVERTISEMENT—do not delay—cultural directions furnished with every order ROMAN HYACINTHS PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS FREESIAS Selected “‘ Quality ”’ Bulbs. Selected “ Quality” Bulbs. Selected “‘ Quality ” Bulbs. Per 12, 75c.; per 100, $4.50; per 1,000, $40.00 GRANDIFLORA Per 12, 35c.; per 100, $2.00; per 1,000, $15.00 Per 12, 40c.; per 100, $2.00; per 1,000, $15.00 f First pizey 3ulbs. aA GRANDIFLORA MULTIFLORA First size ‘‘ Bulbs.” . Per 12, 6&c.; per 100, $4.00; per 1,000, $35.00 Per 12, 5Cc.; per 100, $2 50; per 1,000, $20.00 Per 12, 20c.; per 100, $1.00; per 1,000, $7.00 Lilium Harrisii and French grown Trumpet Major Narcissus with reasonable care can also be forced for Christmas. Write for prices. My ‘‘BULB CATALOGUE, ”” beautifully illustrated—containing a full descriptive list of QUALITY BULBS for forcing or planting out. Free on application—same will be ready about August Ist, 1905. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, 32 WEST FOURTEENTH STREET Seed and Bulb Merchant NEW YORK Gh Carnation Plants || A Beautiful Book GOAN sacle FOR GARDEN LOVERS Ready for delivery after August st All the standard varieties, and i new productions. The Jt most satisfactory stock for the private green- house. List and prices CG () [ () R on application. Mention * The Garden By MRS. C. W. EARLE Magazine.” Author of ‘‘ Pot-Pourri from a THE Surrey Garden,’’ AND OTHERS LEO NIESSEN COMPANY aor ; een aes if $25 0 o-coumade Hae 50 Full-page Colored Illustrations by SQUA BS: e eC = charge 75 entatasaza ant Jt grown in Garden or MARGARET WAT ERFIELD ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of OrcuHIDs in the United States. AGE Re Oe EOP RI Bair. Orchid Growers and Importers. SUMMIT, N. J. Poultry Department Any information about the selection and care of poultry or other information on the subject will gladly be given. Address Poultry Information Department, THE GArpDEN MAGAZINE. 133 East 16th Street, New York City. 1217 Arch St., Phila., Pa. Farm. Roots and oO ig one b. The : S good m roe ot ceding WEE a Adc eis € a eee seeds forsale. Send 4c. for postage and get booklet D.F., telling all dto, 10%x8% in., cloth, $6.00 net, y) " rans ony BE ely. Squahs are raised in ONE: | aboutit. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, JOPLIN, MO. Express paid on receipt of price. MON TH; a woman can do all the work. No mixing feed, no night labor, no young to attend | are money- ‘“GARDEN COLOR”? gives the various flowers parent birds do this). Send for our FREF, | S makers. Ready li hich, t sin and Ward HOC IK, et owito Make: Money withiScuanenie| eNO NERY according to season which, by proper massing Ne ar ind learn this rich industry FOR WeRLeroldembreedersiprodice grouping, will produce harmonious results. It is Ply mouth Roc k Sa aie Co. | | from 8 to 10 pairs every year. Each as much for the inexperienced gardener with a 839 Howard Street _Melroxe, Massachusetts pair can be sold for 50 to 8o cents. small plot as for the owner of a large estate. The Our Homers produce the finest Riba a thisrcounlcye UNE vere: 50 beautiful full-page illustrations in color are an quire little attention. Send for in- important feature of this sumptuous book. formation and prices. fey HOMER SQUAB COMPANY | 1E. P. DUTTON & COMPAR 31 West 23d Street, New York UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE A Fence — Not a Netting a SQUA BS & are the largest Importers and Ss . . Breeders in America of Pure Bel- Ssagreseeriay Send for our inter- gian Homers. Wewillsell youbetter | Squab Breeding Homers than an yther firm in the business and for ae ct 1 ‘ - > ee min Hip GSW booklet, A less money. We have only one ‘grade and that the best; one N 1 Short Story for price, and that the lowest. We also have Pheasants, Swans, | _ J , . . . . ; Peacocks, Wild and Fancy Water Fowls, Angora Cats, € ollie Dogs, = ) st y Ene a ag = : rare < ; . raniie : ultry Raisers Wh te Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes, White Cochin Ban- We are about to publish ‘' the best Ne HEE Tl Po ? r . : mM Poultry Paper in America" at a ee — tam White Indian en s and ¢ ayuga Duck i EF hed noe Or a a (Ss pe piles Gri It will command I OAS ) I Poultry at $3 per 13 leasant eggs in season. send 10c. lor national interest. To secure a good name for it. we will pay $200 in gold UNION F ENCE COMPANY say copy of Ph easant and Squab Journal and circulars on for the name accepte ae $50, $35 $15 ic spe SHEL for the three DRY ae . P , > . Vv W1¢<, : 3 = All ince an equal chance. Contest closes Noveinber 1st, 1905. rite for Engineering Bld’g, New York City Squab and Pheasant Breeding. free prospectus, particulars governing contest and bank references. Millsat: New Haven, Ct; DeKalb, Ill.; Oakland, Cal. Cape Cod Squab, Poultry & Game Farm HAWKINS PUBLISHING CO., Box 219, WATERVILLE, N. Y. Box T, Wellfleet, Massachusetts Agents Wanted Everywhere. Liberal Compensation, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Our New Catalogue Free TREES, BULBS, PLANTS SHRUBS AND ROSES Descriptions are plain; neither effusive nor delusive. Cultural instructions are helpful. Varieties offered are the best; weeds elimi- nated. Prices as low as con- sistent with highest quality. Illustrationsare from photographs. Our Landscape De- partment is at your Service. Estimates cheerfully furnished. S. G. HARRIS, Tarrytown; N. Y. Make Your Grounds Beautiful Everereens, Conifers, and Boxwood in Baskets These can be planted at any time ; we have a splendid collection. Bay Trees and Pyramidal Ivies We have a grand collection of Bay Trees in Standard and Pyra- midal form. Boxwood Pyramidal, Standard, clipped forms. Bush and Blue Spruce Five thousand specimens, includ- ing several hundred Weeping Specimens. Japanese Maples All colors and sizes. (In _ pots.) English and Irish Ivy In large specimens. Tree Roses In pots, H. P. and Tea varieties. WEEPING BLUE SPRUCE Ask for catalogue, spectal prices and sizes WE ARE PLEASED AT ALL TIMES TO RECEIVE VISITORS BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen and Florists ee Lovers SY of Flowers who are now enjoying the beauty of nature do not fully realize the wealth of brightness and charm that may be theirs from Christmas until 7 another summer comes by starting a few bulbs this fall. sweetness and radiant glory. To cottage or palace they bring exquisite q Bulbs require little labor, expense or experience. For house culture a few pots, a little soil for some kinds—a dish or two and a little water for others—a little wait and then a house full of fragrance. Planted out of doors against some wall or along a border, their gorgeous colors dispel the bleakness and barrenness of early spring. To obtain these results one needs good bulbs. Ours will give entire satisfaction. Our catalogue gives descriptions and cultural directions for Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies and In making your selection you Why not send for many other varieties. will find it interesting and helpful. it to-day? It is free. JAMES VICK’S SONS ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Evergreens Grown in New England ~~] ~~ are safe to plant, and August and September are the months for planting. All root pruned, plenty of feeding roots and well shaped. The smallest per cent. of loss is shownin August planting. Blve Spruces, Con- color Firs, Hemlocks, White Austrian and Scotch Pines, all sizes and quantities. Every hardy form of rare evergreens, in large lots and lowest prices. Hardy Perennials The largest field-grown stock in America. Newest Paeonies ; Phlex and every variety popu- lar Perennial. Send for Lists of Perennials, Pot grown Strawberries, and especially of Dutch Bulbs. We offer a more reliable quality of Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus for Fall Also Lilies in every variety. Landscape design is our specialty. We make plans for this work with great saving to clients, and correspondence is solicited. Suggestions, sketches and detailed advice sent by letter, enabling those at a distance to plant and arrange their gardens and grounds with original effect, as every local condition is studied by us and provided for. The Shady Hill Nursery Co. 44 Broad St., Comer Milk, BosTon, Mass. planting than is usual. RUTHERFORD, N. J. | 6 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SPECIAL OREN To Agents and Friends |B eae the summer and _ fall months this magazine will offer special induce- ments to those who will secure a few, or many, new subscriptions. At this time of the year we offer a more profitable occupation to subscription- getters, to young people and gardeners who care to speak well of us to their friends, than any other high- class magazine. We can now do what they can- FOR AUG USE PLANTING not afford to do at any time of the year. SIBERIAN ARBORVITA Please fill out the enclosed blank at once. One of the finest Evergreens for Hedges and single specimens. American Arborvite. The Siberian looks just like it, except that it is a lively, fresh green in winter, while the American is a dull brown. Circulation Department, THE GarDEN MAGAZINE, COLORADO BLU!: SPRUCE 133 East 16th St., New York GelectediBlucuinrees Please send me particulars concerning your Special Summer and Fall Subscription Offer, with liberal cash rewards, together with ready helps for AMERICAN ARBORVIT A interesting all people who garden or seek to improve their home grounds. Handsome trees, 2 to 10 feet. AND OTHER HARDY EVERGREENS Descriptive Catalogue on Request. Signed Address Reference ELLWANGER & BARRY, uorticuriurists, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Bind Volume I. of The Garden Magazine PEBRUARY. LO? JULY. ENGEO SIVA A veritable encyclopedia of gardening may be begun at a nominal expenditure by binding the first six numbers of The Garden Magazine. This will be the best way to preserve these copies. We have made an attractive permanent cloth binding, gold stamped, which we will supply to your local binder to stitch on. Price, 50 cents. Or, if the six copies of the magazine are returned to us by express, prepaid, we will return the volume neatly bound. Our charge for the binder and the work is 75 cents. Back numbers will be supplied by us for 10 cents each, excepting the first (February) number, which unfortunately is entirely out of print. However, we have already bound a number of complete volumes, the price of which is $1.35 each. Any copies of the incomplete file of Volume I which are returned to us prepaid (with no duplicate numbers), will be credited on this bill at 10 cents each. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Permanent Binding DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133-137 East 16th St., New York. In returning copies mark your name EricloSed! find | $icccss-casancee (note credit for copies returned), for which 6 P y plainly on the package. | please fill my order as follows : We venture to say that there has never been a volume so full of practical information about gardening as this. We urge you to secure a copy, for we know the longer you garden the more you will appreciate having this information always at hand. Cross One Permanent Cloth Binding out One Volume I., bound, complete, lines not ‘ ; needed | One Volume I., bound with copies returned to you to-day lea credit e 10 cents eacl yr copies r Pleas - fo ach for copi YOULS UY ie rncrnasecs-seoasucedscn sassmaen tes for oe uae au Sale Merde eee returned to-day, and apply on $1.35 order. Address THE GARDEN MAGAZINE How to Make a Vegetable Garden By EDITH L. FULLERTON For a suburban or a country home, large or small, this book will be found a real necessity; its illustrations, of which there are more than 200, make it most beautiful. Vet, $2.00. (Postage 20 cents.) Roses, and How to Grow Them Volume Lin ‘The Garden Library” This book devotes itself to rose growing from the home point of view, and a more beautiful volume it were hard to find. Profusely illustrated. Vet, $7.00. (Lostage ro cents.) Our Native Orchids By WILLIAM HAMILTON GIBSON and HELENA LEEMING JELLIFFE A charming volume illustrating prac- tically all the 60 species of our native orchids. Nearly too illustrations from drawings by Mr. Gibson. Net, $7.35. The Dog Book By JAMES WATSON (Postage r4 cents.) The first adequate treatment of the dogin America. Part I (Historical and General) and Part II (Setters: Early Setters and English) have already met with much favor. Part I1]—just pub- lished —takes up Irish and Gordon Setters and Spaniels. Elaborately 1l- lustrated. To be in 10 parts. Each, $1.10, subscription. Complete, Cloth, $12.00, subscription. Complete, Half-leather, $16.00, subscription. THE GARDEN A) COWTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE IN AMERICA ¢ DP. WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE « CO NEW YORK How to Makea Flower Garden Uniform with “ How to Make a Vegetable Garden” A charming and practical book by experts on every branch of the subject. More than 200 beautiful photographic illustrations. Wet, $1.60. (Postage 16 cents.) The First Book of Farming By CHARLES L. GOODRICH, Farmer An extremely valuable work telling how to conduct a farm with the lease expense and largest return. Sixty- three full-page pictures. Let, $7.00. (Lostage ro cents.) How to Keep Bees By ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK Few people appreciate the pleasures to be derived from keeping bees, and it is to the uninitiated that Mrs. Comstock makes her special appeal. Outfit, first steps, and methods are clearly described, and the author treats her subject with rare charm. Many photographic illus- trations. Net, $1.00. The Poultry Book When begun in co-operation with Eng- lish publishers three years ago, it was found necessary to make an entirely new work to suit American readers. This was done from beginning to end by the ablest American experts (under the general editorship cf Prof. W.G. Johnson and George O. Brown), and now, after these years of work, it forms the only authoritative book on the subject. Complete in three volumes; 672 illus- trations from photographs and from drawings by Harrison Weir. $73.00, subscription. (Postage IO cents. ) 8 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Plant Peontes EONIES can be and are planted at any time during the spring and fall, but September is the very best time for transplanting them, and if planted then they will bloom the follow- ing June; if large undivided clumps are planted a splendid display of bloom can be had. Peonies are one of our great specialties, and our list of varieties is the most comprehensive in America. We have now over fifty thousand plants to offer. SPECIMEN PLANTS Of many varieties we can furnish large undivided clumps at three to five times the price quoted below or in our catalogue. Immediate effects can be obtained by planting these large clumps in September. The finer varieties of Peonies surpass the finest roses in coloring, form and size. They are absolutely hardy and of the easiest culture. They should be planted in deep, rich soil, three to four feet apart. Below we offer a small selection of extra fine and good varieties, but our catalogue contains descriptions of over three hundred sorts. Our price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Hardy Plants, Trees, Shrubs and Bulbs published, may be had for the asking. Write for catalogue or make order on order blank below. | ORDER BLANK fo ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, Pittsburssias PRICES (6 at the dozen rate, (J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT, Pres.) 50 at the 100 rate) Quantity = Per Quantity Per Quantity Per W ated PEONIES Each doz. Wanted PEONIES Each doz. W antec, PEONIES Each doz. ...-Arthemise. Large flowers; lovely soft rose ...-Grandiflora nivea. Very large, pure white ..+-Tenuifolia flore pleno. Deeply cut fringe- j and salmon; very beautiful ................ $1 00 $.... flower, shaded with sulphur, lovely rose and like foliage; flowers bright scarlet crimson; | op Py. A of Miellez. Large flowers in clusters; salmon, with some stains of carmine; a variety TAYO: ANC MNEs o/c clcie vic cc's ces + cacuelsrelaeereane So 50 $5 00 clear lilac and purple, center chamois and of perfect loveliness. .......,..ssscscessees Cy Ee) s OOC -.--Triomphe de l’Exposition de Lille. Large, WWacasees PESO COREE COLOR. OF tonccr 40 4.0 ....Lady Bramwell. Silvery rose, very fragrant. 50 5 00 imbricated flowers, soft carnation-pink, with | ...-Blush W bite. "A good variety, with blush ...-M. Dupont. Large, cup-shaped flower, per- white reflex, carmine center; very fresh col- flowers, turning white after opening........ 20 200 fect shape, sulphur white, carmine edge, extra 75 800 OFINgG «- +--+ eee Speen ee ee ete ener ee etter ees I 00 10 90 ..-Caroline Allain. Beautiful blush, center - sul- ..Mixed Varieties. This mixture is made up ----Triumphans. Fine large crimson..........++ 39 3000 phur, tipped white ..... cece ec ecesececs 30 3.00 from varieties of which we have not sufficient -++»Whitleyi. White; large and sweet.......... 35 3 5° ..-Comte d’Osmont. White “fi sulphur center 30 3000 to catalogue. It does not contain the best aA onne d’Or (Golden ¢ rown). Large, im- varieties, but the quality is extremely good Se she te flower, yellow retex with for the low price quoted. .... Per 100, $15 00 20 200 KELWAY VARIETIES i tripes of carmine and golden stamcns; extra ...-Mme. de Verneville. Very pretty anemone Each Fini Gu vates ateaviann maces PET COO eee «2. 1 00 10 00 flowers, very full; collar of large petals, those ...-Agnes Mary Kelway. Light rose guard petals, “Delachii- Large, cup-shaped flower, deep of the center very close; carnation- white and yellow petaloids, with ae tuft; extra fine. First- : amaranth, late-flowering ; fine..... .......- $ 350 sulphur, sometimes carmine; extra. I 00 10 00 class Certificaté; ‘ROB. S..2 Scie ces ne ae $1 co Dr. Bretonneau (Verdier). Large globular --Old Double Crimson. This fine old Peony ....Baroness Swileslhe HOeeTy flesh-pink. First- omAlowaralavemirose petal ; and clear white: is very effective when planted in masses; one class Certific. ate; R. Bui Ssseveleces sale vale ene 2 00 Baantiniee: ion of the earliest to bloom..... Per 1co, $20 00 35 3 50 aime Wy BE) Purple-crims on. First-class Certificate, tare Sees ae Se -Phrynee. White, center light yellow, blotched R. S. eee eee ee were eeeee eens seeeeeeee TF OO -Edulis sof € Large whit e flower, PEA: | EXtrasdotuwcumans Cae eee mentee 75 800 va aD RCHELaTERESE An excellent variety, large and of Stains of Carmine in the center, very ee 3 Cah winlicentler . good form, attractively colored, creamy white and ATIELY 0+ eeeeee EAE A ICI 3 5 ACS NL Blush-pink, center sa nat do bright pink. First-class Certificate, R. B. S.; Edulis superba. Very large flower of perfect a SLE ASC ls Eo eae Award of Merit) ROH. iS6 .j5. ccs soci cweree reine emnenE hape; beautiful brilliant tinted violet, mixed ----Prince Imperial. -_Duke of Cambridge. A very handsome bright with whitish licules: silver reflex....0.se0ee 60 ) purple-scarlet. Very beautiful........ .... 50 5 00 exitaRBTe HO WeEt ater’ Saty CHR GUR POAT f v £ ; a 3 Ss ; a superb variety; the very Dest o -Faust. Pretty anemon wer; color tender ....R. H. Boggs. Crimson outer petals, with (OFC) ry ee U OEP OCT NOU CEEOL OC OE LUSUO os 20 ac, center petals very narrow, flesh shaded flesh-white center; distinct and fine... = 50 5 90 ...»Paderewski. Bright pink; very sweet-smelling, with clear salmon; very handsome variety. . 40 400 ...-Solfaterre. Collar of large, pure white petals! First-class Certificate, R. Bi'Sicc acts seein 2 00 -. Festiva maxima. pure white those of the cente r narrow and sulphur-yellow. ....Summer Day. Creamy white. Ste ‘66 Merit, fi r, with som nter, One of the best... 0.6.2... ceeeeeeeceeeeeees 1 OO eee RiGB i: Sivevicavpcuiviube co uWes reas iid Ou eNe 3.c0 ta tu ry free- ...-Souvenir du Docteur Bretonneau. Large ...-Venus. Flesh-pink, with shades of salmon; most fl best white flowers in clusters, lively cerise-red, lightly delicate; a beautiful colored plate of this variety Pe t ti SuiWaclevisitas’s 75 800 shaded clear amaranth, golden stamens, bril- has appeared in (he Garden. ....0sceceeceesence 3 00 -Formosa. Pretty ’ wer; ea ! ‘ liant coloring of grand effect............... 75 800 white, stigmates lively red; very beautifu ...Tenuifolia. Same as following variety, but variety PPT Crrierirvecernrecr CLC CC eC LOCUL 35 3°50 with beautiful single flowers ar eee tae % 3S x» i) 2 3 ~ 4 < =) &) O io) wQ oe Qa =) e) Zz < we oO > K ~ < i) oQ fi ~ So YD i) oe ~ bE = Oo. ) <= bK peta EOS eis > ee Ls. Evergreens for Every Place and Purpose LISTS OF THE BEST KINDS RECOMMENDED FOR. DIFFERENT PURPOSES LEADING AMATEURS, BOTANISTS, NURSERYMEN, PARK SUPERINTENDENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN CONIFERS ALI) PARTS OK) THE ‘COUNLRY BY [Compiled from replies to circular letters sent to Messrs. W. R. Adams, P. J. Berckmans, John Dunbar, J. W. Duncan, T. D. Hatfield. J. T. Huss, J Jensen, J. F. Johnston, H. J. Koehler, W.S. Manning, E. Mische, S. C. Moon, W. H. Moon, Oglesby Paul, J. W. Pettigrew, E. N. Reasoner, the United States Department of Agriculture (Division of Forestry), and others.] While the Standard Latin names used throughout these lists present a formidable appearance, they are the only ones which it is safe to use in ordering what you want. RAPID GROWING Larce Trees: Pinus Strobus. Abies Nordmanniana. Picea excelsa. Pinus rest- nosa and sylvestris. For the South: Cedrus Deodara, Libocedrus decurrens. SMALL TREES: Thuwya occidentalis, orien- talis and var. pyramidalis. Pinus rigida, densiflora. Picea pungens. Abies balsamea. SLOW GROWING Trees: Picea pungens and orientalis. Cedrus Atlantica. Taxus baccata. SHRUBS: Juniperus Virginiana, Cephalo- taxus Fortunei, Juniperus communis, Taxus Canadensis, the Chamecyparis family (Ket- nos poras). SHORT LIVED TREES: Picea excelsa. Abies balsamea. ORNAMENTAL: Juniperus communis, var. Hibernica. Cupressus macrocarpa. Cha- mecyparis pisifera, var. squarrosa. Pinus Austriaca. Pinus sylvestris. THE HARDIEST Pinus ponderosa, Pseudo- TALL: Picea pungens. Strobus, sylvestris. Abtes concolor. tsuga Douglasii. Picea Engelmannt. Dwarr: Pinus montana, var. Mughus. Chame@cy paris (Retinos pora) in variety. Picea nigra, var. Doumettit. FOR GIVING SHADE Goop: Picea Canadensis and _ excelsa. Pinus sylvestris, Strobus and resinosa. Bap: Thuya orientalis and occidentalis. Juniperus Virginiana. All Chamecyparis. FOR SEASIDE GARDENS Tati: Pinus sylvestris, Austriaca, Strobus, Bungeana and rigida. Dware: Pinus montana, var. Mughus. Juniperus communis and Sabina. COAL-SMOKE RESISTERS [Evergreen plants do not endure soft coal smoke. In cities such as Chicago and Pittsburg the conifers grow only in favored spots.] Pinus Austriaca, montana, var. Mughus, and sylvestris. Picea pungens. Taxus Cana- densis. FOR HOUSE DECORATION In Tuss: Chamecyparis (Retinospora) pisifera, plumosa, aurea, and squarrosa. Pinus Strobus, var. brevifola, Juniperus communis and Chinensis. Araucaria excelsa (tender). Thuya occidentalis and orientalis in varieties. In Winpow Boxes: Thuya_ orientalis aurea. Chameacyparis plumosa aurea. Juni- perus in variety. The common names vary so much that nurserymen do not use them. FOR HEDGES SHEAR SEVERELY: Taxus cuspidata and baccata. Picea excelsa, Canadensis, and nigra. SHEAR Licutry: Thuya occidentalis. Chamecy paris plumosa. BEST GLOBULAR Thuya occidentalis globosa and vars. Reidi, compacta, Hudsonica, and Hoveyi. Thuya orientalis compacta, Rosedale hybrid. Pinus montana, var. Mughus. DWARF, FOR EDGING GOLDEN: Chamacyparis pisifera var. plum- osa aurea (when young). Tuya orientalis, var. compacta aurea. Juniperus communis, var. Douglas Golden. GREEN: Juniperus recurva, var. squamata, prostrata and Sabina. Chamecyparis pist- fera, var. plumosa, var. obtusa nana. Thuya orientalis, var. compacta. WOODLAND PLANTING ON LARGE SCALE [Conifers in general should be planted as close as 5x5 feet each way]: Pinus Strobus and resinosa. Tsuga Canadensis. Juniperus Canadensis (in dry situations). Picea excelsa. In the South: Pinus Thun- bergi. Cryptomeria Japonica. ACCORDING TO SOIL Dry: Juniperus Virginiana. Chamecy- paris (Retinospora) obtusa. Pinus Strobus and var. brevifolia, montana, var. Mughus, divaricata, rigida, sylvestris, ponderosa, Banksiana (under extreme conditions). J21- perus Sabina, communis Alpina. Picea pungens. Swamp AND MarsH: Chamecyparis thuy- oides. Taxodium distichum. Juniperus Virgimiana, var. Barbadensis. Larix lari- cina. Thuya occidentalis. Picea nigra. The spruces grow in moist soils, though not exactly in swamps. Heavy: ~Tsuga Canadensis. Picea ex- celsa, pungens, alba. Abies Nordmanniana, balsamea. Pinus Strobus. Licut: Juniperus Virginiana. Pinus Strobus, rigida, ponderosa, Cembra, resinosa. Chamecy paris spheroidea. SHALLOW: Tsuga Canadensis. Juniperus Virginiana. Pinus Austriaca, sylvestris, di- varicata, rigida, Banksiana. Thuya_ occi- dentalis. Picea excelsa, rubra. FOR EDGING IN FORMAL GARDENS [The really good conifers are either not sufficiently dwarf, or they will not withstand severe clipping.] GREEN FOLIAGE: Thuya occidentalis, var. Little Gem, Tom Thumb and ericoides. Jiuni- perus Japonica. Taxus tardiva. Chamecy- paris pisifera, and vars. plumosa, squarrosa. 13 For the English equivalents of these Latin names see page 42. GOLDEN FOLtIaGE: Chamecyparis pisi- fera, var. plumosa aurea. Juniperus Cana- densis, var. aurea. BEST DWARFS TWO TO SIX FEET HIGH GREEN: Juniperus communis, Japonica and Sabina. Thuya occidentalis and vars. Little Gem and compacta. VARIEGATED: Juniperus Japonica, var. alba spica, communis, var. Douglas’s Golden. Taxus baccata aurea, and other varieties. BEST PROSTRATE For ROCKERY OR GARDENS: Juniperus Sabina, var. tamariscefolia, communis, var. alpina, communis prostrata, recurva, var. squarrosa, and Chinensis prostrata. Taxus Canadensis. SHRUBS AND SMALL TREES For GARDEN SPECIMENS: Picea orientalis, pungens, var. glauca, Englemannt, and Omo- rika. Juniperus Virginiana, var. glauca. Sciadopitys verticillata. FOR MASSING AT ENTRANCES Pinus montana, var. Mughus. Tsuga Canadensis macrophylla. Juniperus com- munis and var. aurea, and others of pros- trate habit. Thuya occidentalis in varieties— Chamecyparis and Taxus of sorts, green and golden. Picea excelsa, and pungens, var. glauca. Pinus Strobus. UPLAND AS OPPOSED TO MEADOW Trees: Pinus Strobus and rigida, very good; Austriaca, and sylvestris, fair. Picea nigra and alba. Juniperus Virginiana (best). Larix decidua. Abies concolor. SHruss: Taxus baccata, cus pidata (partial shade), Canadensis. Chamecvparts pisifera. Pinus montana, var. Mughus. Thuya occt- dentalis. Juniperus communis and Sabina. WIND-SWEPT TRACTS Trees: Juniperus Virginiana. Pinus rigida, Austriaca, Strobus. Picea excelsa. SHRUBS: Chamecyparis pisifera, var. obtusa nana. Picea alba. Pinus montana, var. Mughus WEEPING OR PENDULOUS Tsuga Canadensis, var. pendula Sargentt. Taxodium distichum, var. pendula, Juniperus communis, var. oblonga, var. pendula, Picea excelsa, var. inverta, Chamecyparis pisifera, var. obtusa pendula. COLUMNAR HABIT Thuya occidentalis, var. pyramidalis. Juni- perus Virginiana (when young). Thuya gigantea, var. Lobbi. Taxus communis, var. Hibernica. Chamecyparis Lawsoniana, var. erecta viridis. Cupressus sempervirens fas- tigiata (for the South). Evergreens for Windbreaks and Screens—By E. V. Warren om. HOW TO MAKE A HOUSE COMFORTABLE IN WINTER, SAVE COAL, SCREEN ANY UNSIGHTLY OBJECTS, AND PROLONG THE FRESH VEGETABLE SEASON IN AUTUMN VV eee aside from their beauty, ever- greens are the most useful of all trees to the home planter, because they give the best protection from the winds in winter. 14. A screen which hides the unsightly object until the very moment you need to use it Windbreaks often make all the difference between a house that is fit for merely summer occupation and one that is in all respects fit for a permanent home. Photographs by HENRY TROTH EVERYBODY NEEDS A WINDBREAK People seem to think that windbreaks are only for the professional fruit-growers’ orchards, whereas almost every home needs something of the kind. It is money in the pocket to plant evergreens; the saving in coal alone will often exceed in five years all that the trees have cost. Moreover, it is not necessary to wait ten years or even five years for evergreens to grow tall enough to shield the house, because new metheds of trans- planting big trees have made it possible to move evergreens 25 feet high at any time of the year. ‘Theoretically, there is no limit to the size of evergreens that can be moved. Practically, it is only a question of expense and of whether the tree mover is competent. The important fact is that thousands of people need evergreens who do not know it. Drive along any city or village street and notice how many offensive outbuildings there are. All these eyesores could be shut out from public, as well as from private view by evergreens. It is all well enough to gush about the beauty of evergreens, but their practical mission in this world is to save money, keep our families in better health, and hide from view atrocious outbuildings. If you own a piece of country property that is destined to become suburban, the cheapest way to increase its value is to plant ever- greens. Only the shrewdest real estate men know this. The reason why Garden City, Long Island, does not build up on the north side is simply that no one had foresight enough twenty years ago to plant evergreens on the wind-swept prairie. \ kz DP ITE EEE LEE eae ees pees 15. A bit of desolate prairie on Long Island which the merchant prince A. T. Stewart designed for a model city. It might have been had he planted evergreen windbreaks on this treeless plain HOW TO AVOID GLOOM AND MONOTONY Nor is it necessary to have gloomy or monotonous evergreens, aS many people seem to think. Often a little grove of trees near the dining-room window may serve a practical purpose, just as well as a long, distant avenue making a straight line, but not harmonizing with the landscape. Hold your hand near your face and you can shut out the sun. Line your driveway with Norway spruces and you may dampen the spirits of every guest who comes to visit you, and if the trees do not afford shelter from the prevailing winter wind you will neither save a ton of coal nor protect yourself from the nuisances that are sure to come into your neighborhood sooner or later. What we want is light and cheerful evergreens about our houses, not dark, heavy and dismal ones. In nearly every case, plant deciduous trees among the evergreens. Mixed plantings usually look better than either kind alone, because twice a year when deciduous trees are ‘‘doing things,” evergreens give them the best pos- sible background for their unfolding leaves or autumn colors. Evergreens alone gener- ally look too sombre. If, then, we are investing in evergreens primarily for comfort and privacy, and in- cidentally for their beauty, the most im- portant and practical problem is how to find the best kinds for this special purpose. Does a tree preserve its lower limbs or does it let the wind whistle underneath? Can it endure the alternate freezing and thawing of winter as well as 30 or 4o degrees below zero? How high does it grow, and how 16. A pleasant contrast on the same Long Island prairie. A Cephalonian fir (Abies Cephalonica), not considered hardy above southern New York, is thriving because it is protected by a hedge of California privet which here holds its leaves a good part of the winter. It is typical of the many choice trees and shrubs of warmer climes that are hardy if protected from the winter wind by evergreen windbreaks 14 long must I wait before I get protection ? Is it a long-lived or short-lived tree? What do I want for moist soil or dry soil, sand or clay? Must I trim this tree to keep it dense enough—if so, when and how? What is it worth to me in dollars and cents to have evergreens for comfort and privacy? Any trustworthy nurseryman in your neighborhood can answer all these questions for you, except what it is worth to you to have protection; and that is the most important question of all. You alone can answer that. Never plant an evergreen tree by itself; sooner or later its limbs will get broken. Plant evergreens in groups for two reasons: if they stand shoulder to shoulder like sheep, they can resist winds. If they grow in groups their needles and the leaves of decidu- ous trees will carpet the ground and the mois- ture problem solves itself. Plant evergreens ten feet apart, and then be sure to thin them before they begin to compete with one an- other. Our forefathers neglected this, and that is one reason why their shelter belts look so ragged. If you start with trees three feet high, take out half of them at the end of six years and use them elsewhere or sell them for more than the whole windbreak has cost you up to that time. Let them stay, and they will reduce the value of the whole plantation. SPECIES FOR EASTERN WINDBREAKS, BY HENRY HICKS, NEW YORK Tf one cares only for the beauty of conifers, the list of possible kinds of plants is bewildering in its number, but if comfort, privacy and permanence are essential, select from those species that are native to the northeastern United States. Moreover, that THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 17. The second best cheap, hardy evergreen hedge—American arborvitae (Thuya occidentalis). Its flat sprays are rather coarse and get monotonous and in winter the arborvitae is dul] brown and dead looking choice is still further simplified by the fact that the red and pitch pines and the red spruces are not handled by nurserymen to any extent and the juniper or ground cedar is not in the windbreak class, because it only grows five feet high. In practice it comes down to about this: The best windbreak of all is probably the white spruce, which preserves its lower limbs after bearing the brunt of winter gales for thirty years and more. The white pine is second choice and can be kept compact by trimming. For a high hedge, hemlock ranks first in beauty, being dark and rich in color, light and graceful in aspect. The arborvite is the most available hedge plant at the nurseries, because it is easy to transplant. The best tall hedge in many sections is the red cedar; it stands dry and variable climate and is available in large sizes. For formal gardens where a_ small symmetrical tree is wanted, or a tall spire like the cypress of Italian gardens, the red cedar fills all requirements. It is commonly regarded as impatient of being moved, but there is no trouble if the roots are taken with a good ball of soil. There is a natural tendency to shake out the roots, especially as the tree is narrow and makes no long roots. But if this is done, transplanting is neces- sarily a failure. WINDBREAKS FOR THE PRAIRIE STATES BY T. H. DOUGLAS, ILLINOIS In many parts of the country, which are particularly exposed, as some regions of the Middle West for example, some kind of pro- 18. The most beautiful and satisfactory evergreen hedge, if we except the broad-leaved plants such as holly, which represent an entirely different type of beauty. The feathery spray of hemlock cannot be excelled and the plant has a lively green in winter. It must be trimmed yearly THE GARDEN 19. The right and wrong way to trim a hedge. The vertical or broad-topped one at the left will eventu- ally break down with its burden of snow. The sloping or narrow topped hedge at the right sheds the snow. The hedge at the left is weak at the base because the sun doesn’t reach it; therefore the wind blows under tection is required from the cold northwest winds and blizzards which so often blow at a terrific rate across the unbroken prairies. Nothing has yet been found to be the equal of a forest of deciduous trees or a belt of ever- greens, and one row of the latter is as good as ten or twelve rows of deciduous trees. Though the Scotch pine and Norway spruce are used more extensively than any other evergreen, they are not necessarily the best trees that could be used for the pur- pose. But they are the two fastest growing, also the cheapest, and hence the most popu- lar. The Scotch pine fails much earlier than the Norway spruce. There are many Norway spruce windbreaks from twenty-five to forty years old that still retain their lower branches and seem good for as many more years. The Austrian pine is now being used in some sections, as it is a much longer-lived tree than the Scotch pine, although not as rapid a grower while young. The white and Douglas spruces are by far the best trees for 20. The winter beauty of a hemlock hedge 21. windbreaks in the Middle West; the former from central Iowa north, the latter from cen- tral Iowa south; the white spruce is very slow growing but very durable, holding its lower branches much longer than the Norway spruce. Trees over fifty-five years old in parts of Illinois show no signs of losing their lower branches. The Douglas spruce is as yet too expensive for general planting, but a much better tree in every way than the Norway spruce or Scotch pine. It is a rapid grower, having more the character of the hemlock than the spruce. The hemlock, which is such an admirable tree in the East, does not do well on the rich black soil of the prairies. The green form of the Colo- rado blue spruce is used extensively. It is a medium grower, stands crowding well, and owing to its stiff branches and sharp-pointed and strong needles, is both boy and dog proof. The blue form is far too expensive to be used for ordinary hedge planting. It is essentially a garden plant. pee “a be THE MERITS OF ARBORVITAE The American arborvite finds equal favor in the East and in the West for a shelter belt not to exceed 20 feet in height, especially on land that lies too low for spruces and pines. The American arborvite has as its chief values quick growth, symmetrical shape and ease of propagation from seed or from cuttings. It is particularly well adapted to swampy lands. Its disadvantage is that after about thirty years it begins to get bare at the base. When grown in a nursery having a dry soil, the root system becomes modified and instead of a ball of numerous fibres, it develops a few long and coarse roots. Such trees are liable to die when transplanted. A good windbreak will protect, in an ordinary wind, from eight to twelve times its height, as is easily seen after a snow storm, the snow lying level for this distance, often eight to thirty inches deep, while beyond the protecting influence of a hedge the ground is bare in spots, with high drifts in other places. MAKING A HEDGE A good hedge must be grown as a crop. As it is to stand for an indefinite term of years, the ground should be prepared even more thoroughly than for ordinary planting. A live hedge’s chief attraction—and it never fails to attract greatly—lies in evident, rich, vigorous growth. ‘This means plenty of soil. Therefore cultivate the ground for a width of six feet before the plants are set out. It is better to plant in the single row than in the double row because it is easier to keep down the weeds. If evergreens are planted in double rows for windbreak purposes, a space of twenty feet or even more must be left between the rows, because, planted closer than twenty feet, they will crowd each other as they grow. Result: inner side of each row will die out. PROPER DISTANCE FOR PLANTING The large-growing trees, such as hemlock, all the ordinary pines, spruces, etc., may be set five feet apart. For ornamental hedges in gardens where Retinosporas and similar small- growing plants are used, about two feet will be ample space to leave. Avoid close planting A nearer view, showing the hemlock sprays THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 22. The dull, unimaginative way, as old as the hills—an avenue of blacK evergreens making an unnatural line in the landscape and too violent a contrast with the snow. unless for immediate effect and with the purpose to remove alternate plants as soon as they touch. If planted too closely, some gaps will occur through the death of the overcrowded specimens. The native hemlock makes as pretty a hedge as can be desired, its young feathery growth having a beauty allits own. In plant- ing, start with young stock and set them about two feet apart (or less) and cut out the leaders to insure branching. After the first year, trim the side shoots too, allowing a little growth each season until the desired height is attained. KEEPING WITHIN BOUNDS There is no mystery about pruning a hedge; while it is still growing and is being shaped, prune or shear just before growth Norway spruce, one of the most dismal trees when planted alone or in lines. begins, that is, in March or April. Afterward pruning may be done in June. Never shear an evergreen hedge in autumn or winter, or you will be writing to THE GARDEN MaGa- ZINE to know why your hedge is dying. The shape of the hedge is all important. There are two admissible ways, variations of the same general type: Wide at the base and coming to a narrow top so that the section is triangular; or with the sides either straight or slightly bulged—with the pref- erence for the latter. Nothing can look worse than a hedge with a hollow base. A flat-topped hedge holds the snow on it in winter time and is likely to be broken down; a hedge should shed the snow; besides, it cuts off sunlight from the bottom. After it has become well formed prune or shear it once a year—in June. Lighter colored evergreens are more cheery As a purely formal hedge, nothing exceeds the box, but its slow growth is sometimes a drawback, and unfortunately it is not certain to grow in all places. The most popular hedge plant to-day (almost an evergreen) is the California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium). Its leaves endure until the turn of the year at least, and it is the quickest-growing plant and most easily managed that we have. On the other hand, it is not really hardy above ground in hard winters like that of tg04-05. In New England, experience shows that the Scotch and Austrian pines are inferior to the white pine as windbreaks when they are well developed, although the latter breaks at twenty to forty years of age. The best resister of ice in that section appears to be Pinus Cembra, and the Norway spruce also comes through well. 23. The simple, natural tasteful, and permanent way of planting evergreens. pines planted closely to establish forest conditions on a gentleman's estate. When these trees establish forest conditions they will shoot up quickly. of wealth can do. When grouped or massed, trees of any Kind protect one another. His hillside will be a grand sight before he dies. Meanwhile they are a joy to look at Small Austrian This is one of the best things men The Broad-Leaved Evergreens—By Leonard Barron A GROUP UPON WHICH FORTUNES ARE SQUANDERED IN IGNORANT VIOLATION New York OF NATURE’S LAWS— THE GORGEOUS FLOWERED RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS AND LAUREL— BOX THE MOST FAMOUS HEDGE PLANT FOR FORMAL GARDENS — HOW 7] [Ee is one plant which even a hardened oil magnate knows and appreciates— viz., a rhododendron. Small wonder that every millionaire wants to own a hillside and 24. The arching sprays of this Southern ever- green (Leucothoe Catesbaei) are now used for Christ- mas decorations. The shrub is fairly hardy in New England, Excellent ground cover for rhododendrons cover it with rhododendrons, for they are the most gorgeous flowering hardy shrubs the world has ever known. They have no frag- rance or sentiment, as a rose has; the indi- vidual flowers are only an inch and a half across, and the clusters may contain less than a dozen blossoms, but when you get a solid bank, five feet high and fifteen across, of rhododendron flowers set off by their thick, waxy, lustrous, dark-green, immortal-looking foliage, it needs only one look to understand why people plant them in such quantities—by the carload! But alas! they perish by the carload, too. And one of the cruellest things a man can do is to drag up rhododendrons, azaleas or laurel from the woods, transplant them with no more care than a deciduous shrub re- ceives, put them in full sunlight and watch them sicken and die. All these broad- leaved evergreens are slow growers, shade lovers, haters of stagnant moisture, extremely sensitive to drought, and sure to suffer if they are exposed to full sunshine during sudden warm spells in winter. Every green leaf is always transpiring in the presence of sunlight, and the broad- leaved evergreens present an enormous evap- orating surface in» winter when deciduous trees and shrubs have none at all. Conse- quently, if the sun strikes these broad-leaved evergreens during a thaw in winter, the leaves have to transpire as usual, but the roots, being frozen, cannot supply moisture to the leaves as fast as they need it to replace what they are giving. That is the chief reason why rhododendrons perish miserably by the thousand, and the remedy is found in the following rules: _ 1. Plant broad-leaved evergreens in a par- tially shaded position, where they will be protected from winter winds and sunshine. Photographs by HENRY TROTH 2. Prepare the soil with greater thorough- ness than you have ever given to soil before. 3. Give perfect drainage and remove four feet of soil, if it has lime in it. 4. Mulch with a foot of litter summer and winter, for the evergreens are usually surface feeders and always sensitive to drought. CRUCIAL POINTS IN CULTIVATION The ideal cultural conditions for all ever- greens are these: A light, rich loam—one having for nearly a third of its bulk well- ripened leaf mold, or very thoroughly rotted manure. There should be two feet of this mixture—not less; more will be better. One of the most successful rhododendron beds I have seen was dug out to a depth of four feet and suitable soil replaced. If more people gave attention to this preliminary detail there would be better gardens and less _heart- burning over money “‘just thrown away.” Partial shade from loose growing deciduous trees or shrubs, when not planted in a position naturally sheltered, is essential. TO GROW HOLLY WITH BERRIES ON IT IN THE NORTH None of these evergreens thrive at points far inland. In the Middle States they do not grow at all, nor will they endure large quan- tities of soft-coal smoke. The best-known broad-leaved evergreen tree is the bay, or laurel of the poets (Laurus nobilis), which is annually imported by the thousand from European nurseries for use in formal gardens, on terraces and about vestibules. Trained in artificial forms, these trees are rather of the architectural features than of the garden proper and need to be protected in a cellar during winter, together with the large-leaved aloes. HARD FACTS ABOUT RHODODENDRONS Gathering Rhododendron maximum from the woods for planting in gardens is now a recognized industry. The plant is dug up and shipped by the carload. It is hardy all through the Eastern and New England States. It has narrow, oblong leaves, whitish beneath, and the flowers are rose colored, lightly spotted with green inside, and appear 25. Rhododendrons have the showiest flowers of all broad-leaved evergreens. stateliest plants. They also make the In winter the leaves curl and uncurl, according to the degree of cold. Note the fat winter buds. Rhododendrons need partial shade. Avoid lime, clay and stagnant water (R. Catawbiense) 18 in June and July. There is also a variety with white flowers. It is a taller-growing plant than the RK. Catawbiense, also native, which is hardy as far north as New England. This species grows six feet high and has lilac flowers in June; more oval leaves rounded at the base and glaucous beneath. The hy- brids of the nursery trade are crosses from these mixed with the Indian R. ponticum, a tender species which is used as a stock on which the hybrids are grafted. That is one reason why they sometimes fail. The hybrids have more showy flowers than the native species, but are hard to grow, unless the varieties are carefully selected and properly planted. If you can give them four parts of rich loam, porous and moist, but not wet, can plant them so that the drying winds of winter are cut off, and are willing to spend money in the cause of horticulture, why, buy all the European hybrids that are offered, and learn by experience. Then tell others and save their pocketbooks. If you want sure results, north of the lower Alleghany range, plant hybrids having R. Catawbiense as one parent. These are recog- ‘nized by the more oval leaf, rounded at each end, and by the yellow bark of the branches. The foreign Rk. Ponticum is used as a stock in the European nurseries for the almost equally tender hybrids. Some day perhaps we shall get them on hardy stock. Here are four hardy hybrids of distinct colors which may safely be planted: Gloriosa, blush white; Caractacus, crimson; Album elegans, white (tall growing); Everestianum, rosy lilac (compact habit, excellent for a single specimen on lawn). Do not mix the colors. The beautiful low-growing Leucothoé Ca- Bas re ead Sh Bee ; a 26. Mahonias have the yellow flowers of a bar- berry and holly-like foliage. In the sunlight and wherever hardy, leaves assume the richest tones of red and bronze in winter (Berberis Faponica) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE tesbei, the arching sprays of which are now familiar decorative material at Christmas, is fairly hardy in New England, though a native of the South. Its foliage becomes almost claret red in winter. EVERGREEN SHRUBS WITH SHOWY FLOWERS Andromeda floribunda Crategus Pyracantha Rhododendron Catawbi- ense, ‘R. maximum and hybrids of these two Azalea amena Kalmia latifolia Daphne Cneorum Lily-of-the-valley tree Evergreen thorn Hardy rhododendron Bright-flowered azalea Mountain laurel Garland flower The evergreen thorn, showy in its mantle of white flowers in June, and one of the best berried shrubs for winter, can be grown on 4 trellis and the long sprays cut as substitutes for holly. The fruits are rich orange red and so profuse that you can cut whole yards of golden berries at Christmas—if the birds are kept off! It is not reliably hardy north of New York. I would plant the dwarf Azalea amena for hedges inside the garden and about the house. It is a pity that its variety, Kaempferi, the more hardy one for New England gardens, is not yet offered by nurserymen. EVERGREEN SHRUBS FOR FOLIAGE Box Buxus sempervirens Mahonia Mahonia aquifolium False holly Osmanthas aquifolium American holly Japan spindle tree Ilex opaca Euonymus Japonicus Every gardener knows the box hedges of the old-fashioned garden, and _ everyone wants to possess them. They can be had by the most careful transplanting, but cannot even then be relied upon to live in the new . Pee \ 27. The only hardy evergreen plant that carpets the ground and bears bright-red berries lasting all winter and until June. Partridge berry (Mitchella repens). Don't rob the woods; buy from nurserymen 19 place. The box is not hardy in all parts of the Eastern States. If you live near the sea you may try a box hedge of small plants— they may be big in the year 2000. Other- wise, if you have the money, buy old plants and have them moved with care. For most people the Japan holly (Ilex crenata) will be as satisfactory. The mahonias have bold, holly-like leaves and yellow flowers, which are followed by purple glaucous berries. They get burned in some places, but are good if kept down low as hedges. ‘Tall plants are ‘‘scraggy.”” They do best if sheltered or given artificial pro- tection in winter. The osmanthus looks like holly, and has at times been sold as holly, but it has opposite leaves, and no reader of THE GARDEN MAGA- ZINE should be caught by the trick. It makes a good specimen plant, growing compactly, but is not hardy. Train Exonymus Japonicus on a pillar and you will be pleased if you live near the sea, but select a shaded, protected spot. HOLLIES THAT ARE HARDY There is but one broad-leaved hardy ever- green that makes a tall tree in the Northeastern states—our native American holly (Ilex opaca). Few people know the secret of its culture. The leaves must be stripped off at planting time. Enough trees must be planted so that there will be some staminate and some pistil- late in order to set berries. ‘There is no way of telling the two apart before they flower. Holly will never grow as high in the North as in the South, but there is a specimen at Mr. James Wood’s home, Mount Kisco, N.Y., which bears berries that last until May. } tots. Aes Ae <7 ie ESAS 1 SARC 28. Holly (Jlex opaca) about twenty feet high at Trenton, N. J. Grows ten feet high in New England if protected from bursts of sunshine in winter. Strip off all leaves at planting time. That's the secret ‘AOV1d AONId AHL LV SHAUL XO AO UlVd GIGNAIdS AHL “62 Two other hollies worth growing are: Ilex crenata, doubtfully hardy north of New York, which can be used for hedges like box, which it much resembles in general effect, but it grows up in less time; and inkberry (J. glabra), which is the one evergreen shrub for the North that will stand exposure to sun. THE SOUTHERN WEALTH Go to the South for luxury in evergreen growth! It would take our whole number of THE GARDEN MacazineE to tell of them. Fewer conifers flourish than in the colder North. Magnolias, rhododendrons, Indian azaleas, Japanese barberries, all the box varieties, grow there. Camellias grow to trees, and vie with the magnolias in their showy display. There are gardenias, almost sicken- ing in their fragrance, Eleagnus Japonicus in many varieties, privets, myrtles, olive, and tea. Relieved of the trying winter conditions that make it practically impossible to grow the favorite evergreens of England in the North, the laurel and holly both flourish in Southern sections. TRAILING AND UNDERGROWTH EVERGREENS Hedera Helix Euonymus radicans English ivy Trailing euonymus Periwinkle or running myrtle Partridge berry Mountain spurge Vinca minor Mitchella repens Pachysandra terminalis Lonicera Japonica, var. Hall’s honeysuckle Fee THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 30. Box ready to move. The big point in mov: ing any tree or shrub is to preserve the fine or feeding roots. It is only by special treatment, begun before the moving is to be done, that so many roots as these may be secured As a ground cover under trees nothing is better than the trailing myrtle, which has waxy, dark-green foliage and blue five-lobed flowers about an inch across. English ivy is not to be relied upon north of Philadelphia. It never should be planted on an east or south exposure. Under the shelter of tall trees English ivy will sometimes grow tolerably well as far north as Massachusetts, but gen- erally it ekes out a precarious existence all through New England. The best evergreen vine for the porch is Hall’s honeysuckle. It is excellent for rough carpeting in exposed knolls and for drapery on the face of a wall or rocky cut. It will crowd out nearly everything else that grows, and in the more trimly kept portions of the garden may become somewhat of a nuisance if allowed full freedom of growth. The mountain spurge (Pachysandra) is a welcome cover plant. Thriving equally in the shade or exposed to sun and in any ordinary soil, its thick, bright-green leaves, always fresh looking, make it a valuable plant for the amateur. It makes a carpet about six inches above the ground. Like the trailing myrtle, it solves the cover problem under trees and shrubs where nothing—hardy weeds even—will grow. If you want a shiny green carpet varied with red berries that will last all winter, plant the partridge berry. It can be collected from the woods and also bought from nurserymen. 31. Box the ideal broad-leaved evergreen for English formal gardens, but precariously hardy in the northeastern United States, where the erratic winter Killing of grand old specimens has caused much heartbreak and the loss of many thousands of dollars. A specimen like this is worth fifty dollars or more Some Interesting Small Conifers—By J. T. Withers TREES FOR SMALL GARDENS, CITY LOTS AND FOR MASSING IN BEDS—EVERGREENS THAT CAN BE PLANTED ON NARROW ROADSIDE CUTS AND ON ROCKY FACES—QUAINT, SMALL SHRUBS FOR THE LAWN 1 a very small garden even one specimen of such a tall-growing tree as the hemlock or the Norway spruce might be overwhelm- ingly disproportionate. In suburban gardens of somewhat larger size, where the house is placed at an appreciable distance back from 32. Trailing yew, which sometimes forms a mat fifteen feet broad and less than two feet high. It has bright-red berries and will grow in damp shady places (Taxus Canadensis). Sometimes called ground hemlock the street, and the approach is by a drive- way winding through or around a lawn, there is room for a different treatment. Plant a few individual trees of the larger dimensions, either open or in masses, according to the general scheme of the place, gradually kta: Photographs by Henry TROTH diminishing in size as they are distant from the house and nearer the street. Fortunately, among the conifers there are plenty of small-growing trees that seem to be just made for confined situations, and which reproduce on a small scale the effects of the larger evergreens. I have seen the country effect brought right into the heart of even New York City by the planting of a few low-growing ever- green shrubs (the Mugho pine) where there was no room for the taller and more spreading trees. The small city, or the suburban garden which is practically an actual apart- ment of the house, needs furnishing for comfort and beauty with as much care as is usually given to the inside rooms. Abrupt- ness should be avoided in both, and so far as the garden is concerned, evergreens offer us the only means of accomplishing this end. MAKING THE GARDEN LOOK BIG Plant the dark green junipers, yews and Japan cypress in the more distant beds, to give as much apparent dimension as possible. Plant yellow-foliaged varieties in places where foreshortening is not objectionable, or use them only as accents or sentinels to mark the main lines of composition. On small lawns, where there is no oppor- tunity for an apparent increase of dimensions, small evergreens planted in beds give in- finitely more pleasure and far less trouble than annually replanting such gaudy things as scarlet geraniums and _ golden-leaved coleus. A few of these may be well enough, but not whole beds. Moreover, with a back- ground of evergreen foliage a few of these highly colored objects really show to better advantage. WHAT TO PLANT Don’t buy the tender fancy evergreens that the English garden books tell about unless you are sure of proper protection. While the Irish yew and Lawson’s cypress are unequaled for columnar effect, they are not hardy in exposed places in New England. The best small evergreens for all purposes, either as specimens or in masses, are the Retinosporas. For a single specimen plant, the Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) is not easily equaled, and it stands the New England winter. For banks, and at entrances where a permanent evergreen effect is wanted, and yet where there is a little space, the dwarf mountain pine (Pinus montana, var. Mughus) 33. A natural arbor for the children. The Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), noted for its picturesque habit when old and its numerous horticultural varieties 22 tue RES as sot =, 34. The Japanese dwarf cypress, an odd little conifer which looks as if it were contorted by heavy winds. No two alike. Used in rocK gardens on sea cliffs and wherever a small weird dark-green plant is desired. Nursery name, Retinospora obtusa nana will always be satisfactory, and it is certainly one of the very best of all conifers for a smoky city. It has a naturally dingy green color which seems most at home in dull or even dirty surroundings. Another plant for banks, and one that can be used in combination with that just named, is the wild yew or ground hemlock (Taxus Canadensis), common in the woods as an undergrowth shrub, where its lively green, and red berries, show up to great advantage. Its perfect hardiness makes it unusually valuable in the colder regions. It can be transplanted with the greatest ease when young and comes easily from seed, but is best propagated by cuttings of hard wood taken in winter—January or February. These, put in a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees, will root in about two months. What beauties the Japanese cypresses, the Retinosporas of the nursery, are, too, for our small garden! The obtusa type is especially important for its quaintness. It takes years to grow to a moderate size and can be used for formal effects, although it has a certain freedom of habit. There are plenty of others of the family which are well known to all who delve in gardens. SA : Se Se THE GARDEN MAGAZINE As a perfect little tree the dwarf white pine or Jersey pine (Pinus Strobus, var. brevifolia) commends itself especially for a soil that has a tendency toward clay, although it does well in sandy loam. It grows rapidly up to about six feet, which is its natural height. Larger in its spread, and especially adapted to a moderately large garden, is the Japanese Pinus densiflora—a tree all too lightly ap- preciated. Its rugged habit and its very informality when mature give it a special charm that is all its own. A little way south (Philadelphia is its northern limit of hardiness, unless in a very well-sheltered situation), the charming Thay- opsis dolobrata can be grown. It is the most beautiful of all the arborvite type, but has its limitations on account of its more delicate constitution. 35. A dwarf Norway spruce, out of which rises a tall dark mass which is clearly a reversion to the typical form. This is not a case of sucKering (growth from the stock of a grafted plant) Both the Norway spruce and the native hemlock have given endless numbers of dwarfs. Wherever there are natural growths of the hemlock one is almost sure to find an ey borin Shag Nk dE bo eo PD g pk ) \ | \ ‘ : Si 36. The commonest dwarf pine, a variety of the Swiss mountain pine (Pinus Montana, var. Mughus). An excellent cover for road banks, terraces and hillsides. A compact button usually twice as wide as high abundance of these ‘‘sports,”’ many of which are grown in nurseries and offered for sale under various fancy names. The hardiest and dwarfest shrubs are: Thuya occidentalis, vars. globosa, compacta and Hoveyi, all varieties of the arborvite, and there are many others grown in nurseries varying a little in habit of growth. Better go to the nursery and pick out the ones you fancy most. None of those named grow more than six feet in height, and can be kept smaller by shearing in early summer. For variegated (golden) foliage not more than six feet high: Juniperus communis, var. Douglas Golden; Taxus baccata, vars. aurea and Washingtoniana, and the golden arbor- vite, George Peabody (Thuya occidentalis, var. lutea). On rocks, on steep banks and in shrubbery foreground, plant the junipers—any number available—which can be seen in a nursery. Here are some to inquire about: Juniperus Sabina, J. prostrata, J. communis prostrata, J. Chinensis prostrata. All these are perfectly hardy, grow easily from seed, and the amateur can easily increase his stock by sowing in the garden border in fall (the seeds, however, take two years to ripen on the plant), giving a slight protection over winter by a mulch of leaves or evergreen branches. Although a lit- tle more labor, the quickest way to get a stock of these is from cuttings taken in winter and put in sand in 50-60 degrees. 39. The silver fir and Norway spruce have many dwarf varieties with erect, pendulous or abbreviated branches. This is Picea excelsa, var pygmaea. At Dosoris, Long Island. Estate of Mr. Dana 38. This tree (Thuyopsis dolobrata) is probably tne most beautiful conifer of the arborvitae type. Reason- ably hardy in Massachusetts, but suffers from summer drought. Needs shelter, shade, cool air, moist soil 37. A dwarf variety of the white pine (Pinus Strobus, var. brevifolia), Known to nurserymen as P. Strobus, var. nana or pygmaea. Remarkable for its dwarf, compact, round head and short leaves All the Spruces Worth Cultivating—By John F. Johnston Glen Cove, Long Island SPRUCES ANYBODY CAN GROW AND SPRUCES FOR CONNOISSEURS ONLY—VIVID PEN PICTURES OF THE IMPOR- TANT KINDS, SHOWING THE PECULIAR BEAUTY OF EACH AND WHAT INDUCEMENT THERE IS TO GROW IT Photographs by HENRY TROTH and H. E. ANGELL [Epiror1aL Note—This is the second article in the series of ‘‘ Little Monographs’? written by specialists for the expert gardener, whether amateur or professional, and designed to bring our knowledge of each subject up to date. These articles present a new type of horticultural literature, in which the point of view is primarily human and horticultural, not dry-as-dust botanical. to be interesting and practical also. index) with the accuracy of the ‘‘ The old-style ‘‘alphabetical monograph’’ merely describes species; it does not distinguish them. This new department will do both, and hopes ‘The new plan combines the convenience of the alphabetical index (wherever the group is large enough to justify an key,’’ which alone can give one a grasp of the whole genus in the shortest possible time. Mr. Johnston is gardener to Mr. Paul Dana, whose estate ‘‘ Dosoris,’’ founded by the late Charles A. Dana, editor of the New York Suz, contains the best private collection of conifers in the vicinity of New York City. ] PRUCES and firs form a large natural group, the members of which are noted for the symmetry of their pyramidal growth. Most people cannot tell a spruce from a fir, [Sees Rt S18 Leh BESS Aono. i | 40. A weeping spruce. Most people make the mistaKe of putting such striking objects in conspicu- ous positions, instead of secluding them. Picea excelsa, var. inberta and even the scientific names Picea and Abies are often exactly transposed by nursery- men. Asa rule, the branches of a spruce are less stiffly horizontal than those of a fir; the branchlets more drooping, and the needles seem to lie in two ranks instead of being spirally arranged. For these reasons spruces usually have more of loose, pendulous grace, while the beauty of firs is generally of the stiff, precise, military character. Run your hand along the bare branch of a spruce; it feels rough, while that of fir is smooth. ‘The reason for this is that when the old leaves of a spruce drop off, a small footstalk remains attached to the branch, whereas in a fir there remains a slight depression or small circular disk. Of course the surest way to tell them apart is by the cones, which, however, may not be borne until a tree is ten years old or more. A spruce cone stands up at first, but later hangs down, and after scattering its seed, the whole thing falls to the ground without shedding any of its scales; whereas a fir cone always remains erect, and its scales are shed one by one, leaving the core or axis of the cone standing for a time. THE MOST POPULAR SPRUCE—THE NORWAY Undoubtedly, the most popular hardy spruce is the Norway spruce (Picea excelsa). It is probably more planted than any other conifer. This is because of its cheapness, rapid growth and ease of propagation. It is the commonest evergreen for windbreaks; but the white spruce, though costlier and harder to get from nurserymen, is probably a better tree for this purpose, since it seems more likely to preserve its lowest branches. (A windbreak loses much of its effectiveness if the cold wind has a chance to sweep along the ground.) Like every. popular idol, the Norway spruce has its limitations, which are not usually stated by its enthusiastic friends. It is one of the blackest conifers. Long 41. Alcock’s spruce, even more brilliantly blue than the Colorado blue spruce when the under sides of the leaves are illuminated by the setting sun. Two species are sold as P. Alcockiana. The quicKer- growing one with quadrangular leaves is the true one; that with much flattened leaves is P. Ajanensis avenues of it, therefore, are sometimes gloomy and make too harsh a contrast with the snow. They need to be supplemented by light-colored conifers, which are the cheery ones. A Norway spruce generally gets ragged in the top after thirty years. Ninety-nine times out of a hundred people plant trees so closely that they will never develop symmetrically. It is rare indeed to find as perfect a specimen as that in Fig. 42, which is about fifty feet high and half a century old. It is on the estate of Mr. James Wood, of Mount Kisco, N. Y. A BETTER TREE THAN THE NORWAY You can always tell a white spruce (Picea alba) by bruising the foliage, for its strong 24 aroma is characteristic. It is a lighter colored and therefore more cheerful tree than the Norway and longer lived, but slower growing. Since it is native, one can some- times get small trees for the digging. On the Dana estate the white spruce seems to make a taller, longer-lived and more perfect windbreak than the evergreens, which are commonly planted for that purpose. ‘The white spruce has an important blue variety (var. glauca), which is as perfect in its way as the Colorado blue. THE MOST POPULAR HIGHLY COLORED CONIFER Of all the highly colored conifers in culti- vation the Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens, var. glauca) is doubtless the most popular. It is the one conifer that everybody can recognize at sight. It is divinely ap- pointed for a lawn specimen, and while it should have plenty of room to develop, it ought not to be planted in the middle of a lawn, but on the side or near the house— anywhere so long as it is in relation to some- thing, because a conspicuous thing like this is only for accent or spice. This blue color 42. The Norway spruce, cheapest, quickest and most popular of all conifers. Used for windbreaks, screens, avenues and specimens. One of the most sombre evergreens. Usually gets ragged in the top after thirty years, and sometimes loses its effective- ness as a windbreak below. Overplanted in this country 43. Compare this specimen of the Oriental spruce (Picea Orientalis) with the tree shown in figure 45, The habit of this tree is more compact because of summer pruning. Most of the tall-growing conifers can be treated thus is not unique, as beginners think. It is merely an intensification of the glaucous hue or silvery lining that dozens of other conifers possess in some degree. Moreover, even in the Colorado blue spruce, there is such a big range of color that it will pay anyone who wants to put ten dollars or more into a perfect specimen to visit the nursery and pick out what he wants. In fact, it is possible to overdo the matter of blueness. It is a question whether a Colorado blue spruce planted against a black conifer, like the Norway, does not make too strong a contrast. On the other hand, the typical or green form (Picea pungens) is worth growing for its own sake. Both forms have stout, stiffly horizontal branches which are almost never broken out by windstorms, but it must be confessed that the oldest specimens in cultivation are beginning to get ragged. However, this will never affect the popu- larity of the Colorado blue spruce, for in the Regs eh de 44. Mass planting of alba and P. pungens, var. glauca). spruces on a gentleman's estate. White spruce bacK; Colorado blue in front (Picea White spruce is one of the best for windbreaks THE GARDEN MAGAZINE course of twenty or thirty years of daily enjoyment a man gets his money’s worth many times over. THE MATE TO THE COLORADO BLUE A tree that is often sold under the name of the Colorado blue spruce is Engelmann’s spruce (Picea Engelmannt), another splendid tree from the Rockies. Being commoner than Picea pungens, its seeds are more easily secured in quantity. I doubt if there is any large item in favor of either species. Every country gentleman wants both species, and each can be had in green, white and blue- leaved varieties. You cannot distinguish the two species unless you see them together, when it becomes clear that a young Engel- mann’s spruce makes a narrower pyramid and the branches are more slender and crowded into denser whorls. If you grasp the foliage quickly it will not sting you as pungens does, and when you crush the needles they have a strong odor. A SPRUCE WITH BRILLIANT RED FLOWERS It is impossible to praise too highly the oriental spruce (Picea orientalis). I believe it is the most refined of all spruces. The combination of ascending branches and pendulous branchlets gives it an indescrib- able air of elegance, which in the case of large specimens is simply captivating. And when the tree is old enough to bear cones it has a unique beauty, for the staminate flowers are a brilliant carmine and stand up like so many red candles on a Christmas tree. The oriental spruce is a rather slow grower, and the new growth sometimes gets dis- colored by spring frosts, but it is otherwise quite hardy. SPRUCES FOR THE CONNOISSEUR The preceding species are the best for general planting. The following lack the combination of cheapness, quick growth and adaptability to a wide range of conditions which a popular favorite must have. A UNIQUE JAPANESE SPECIES There is a Japanese spruce named Picea polita which can be told at once from all 25 other spruces from the fact that its leaves are spreading, instead of pointing forward. These leaves are very rigid and sharply pointed, dark green and shining, and are borne on all sides of the branches, like a fir. It also resembles a fir in having stout, stiff branches. ‘This tree is notable for the pro- nounced yellowish brown color of its bark, and in spring and early summer it is ex- ceptionally beautiful by reason of the large and conspicuous buds which are protected by exceptionally lustrous scales. THE WORTHLESS BLACK AND PROMISING RED Just a word about our native red and black spruces. The former gets its name from the color of the bark; the latter from 45. The oriental spruce (Picea orientalis), slower growing than the Norway and therefore not so popular, but more refined. It has carmine flowers likKeChristmas- tree candles. Sometimes scorched by spring frosts the total effect of its foliage as compared with that of the white spruce. The black spruce (Picea nigra) is not worth cultivating, being much disfigured by its cones, which are borne at an early age and hang on for years. It is also too slow growing. The red spruce (Picea rubra), which was long considered a variety of the black, is a much better tree, although it is said to be short lived in the West. Of all the many native trees that have been neglected by our nurserymen in favor of European species, which are quicker, cheaper and easier for them to handle, the red spruce is one of the most promising. It is included by Professor Sargent in his famous list, published some 26 years ago, of the twelve conifers that have shown themselves able to grow to a large size and preserve in cultivation here their mature beauty for a long period. The weak point about the red spruce is that it demands a cool and moist situation, and is not as drought resistant as the Norway, white and Colorado blue, which will stand a 46. Engelmann’s spruce (Picea Engelmannt), some- times sold for the Colorado blue, but if you grasp a bunch of leaves the needles will not prick you as those of the Colorado blue will do greater range of soil conditions than the other spruces. All spruces prefer a cool climate and moist but well-drained soil. All the spruces described above have four- sided leaves. The following have more or less flattened leaves, with white lines on what is technically the upper surface, but which by a twist of the leaf stalk appears to be the lower. THE ALASKAN, SIBERIAN AND ALCOCK _One would think that a spruce from Sitka would be hardy, but Picea Sitchensis does not thrive well in the East. Whether or not the cultivated stock came originally from California, and is therefore tender, I cannot say. The tree does not like our hot summers, which is a pity, because of the beauty of the contrasting colors in its foliage. However, a tree that is very much like the Sitka spruce and quite hardy is the Siberian (Picea Ajanensis). This is sometimes sold under the name of Picea Alcockiana, but it has flatter leaves than the true Alcock’s spruce. Probably the best spruce Japan has to offer is the true Alcock’s spruce, which is sometimes sold under the names of Picea Alcockiana nova and P. acicularis. It is of more rapid growth than the Siberian spruce and has more slender branches. THE ROC’S EGG—BREWER’S SPRUCE Unhappily the most remarkable of all spruces has never yet been successfully cultivated. Brewer’s spruce (Picea Brewer- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE tana) has branchlets that hang straight down from the branches to a distance of six or eight feet! Imagine their beauty when waving in a slight breeze or streaming before a gale! But alas! out of 300,000 seedlings raised by Mr. Thomas H. Douglas, only one plant was alive when he wrote his interesting story for the ‘‘ Cyclopedia of American Horti- culture,’ and that tree was scarcely six inches high, having cost the owner at the rate of $100 an inch! THE BEST AVAILABLE WEEPING SPRUCE But if we cannot have Brewer’s spruce, some of us can have the Himalayan (P. Smithiana; P. Morinda of the nurseries). I believe this is the most beautiful of all spruces that are naturally pendulous—i. e., those whose branchlets—not branches—depend. Every conifer of importance is likely to have a variety pendula, but these are mostly horticultural forms, not natural ones, and it is the main branches that depend, giving so unusual an effect that they sometimes look like freaks. But the Himalayan spruce is naturally pendulous, and it is a pity that it is not hardy in New England. The young growth starts too early, especially in warm, moist situations, and is caught by spring frosts. We have a splendid specimen in a sheltered position at Dosoris. There is a spruce from southeastern Europe, called Picea Omorika, the peculiar beauty of which is more easily felt than analyzed. It forms a dense and narrow pyramid and is a very hardy tree of slow growth. ‘The leaves lie close to the branches. 47. The most popular blue conifer, the Colorado blue spruce. Although hardy, specimens in New England forty years old are beginning to lose their beauty. (Picea pungens, var. glauca.) If you have a cone-bearing branch of any important cultivated spruce, you should be able to determine its correct name by con- sulting the key which follows. Choose first between A and AA; then between B and BB and so on until the last description that tallies exactly with what you hold in your hand points directly to its proper name. HOW TO DISTINGUISH THE SPRUCES This ‘‘key’’ shows at a glance how each of the important species differs from every other. A. Those with g-sided leaves. B. Scales of cones closely packed before ripen- ing. C. Cones 23 to 6 inches long. D. Leaves spreading...... polita DD. Leaves pointing forward. E. Length of lus. ? to 74 Uercrcians aaa oe Smithiana EE. Length of lus. 4 to 1 in. excelsa EEE. Length of lvs. less than PMU SoRR OS Bab 6 oO orientalis CC. Cones } to 2 inches long. D. Young branches reddish DROWN ce rubra DD. Young branches brown- HE DOWD 600000000 alba BB. Scales of cones loose before ripening. C. Branches slender, in dense GHA. 000.00 Bee toI OT G0 Engelmanni CC. Branches stout, in rather re- TOD CHWV As 6 6036 80606 pungens AA. Those with more or less flattened leaves. B. Scales of cones closely packed before ripening. luvs. slightly flattened. C. Young branches pubescent. QOmorika CC. Young branches rarely pu- bese mnt cs sea sane eee Alcockiana BB. Scales of cones loose before ripening: luvs. much flat- tened. C. Bark bright or dark red- UT OCU a eer ee ee Sitchensis Ajanensis The Japan Cypresses, or Retinosporas By Henry Maxwell Photographs by HENRY TROTH VERYTHING about the Japanese dwarf cypresses, except the plants themselves, is Just as mean and technical and perplexing as it can possibly be. To begin with, the name Japan cypress is a manufactured Eng- lish name which the nurserymen do not know; there is no good common name for the whole group; the nursery name, Retinos’pora, is too hard (most people accent it on the syllable next the last instead of the third, and it was originally spelled with two i’s instead of two o’s); and to cap the climax, the botanists have abandoned the whole genus, declaring that these forms belong to the genus Chamecy- paris (which means dwarf cypress), or to the arborvite genus, viz., Thuya. But annoyance soon turns to delight when one sees the plants themselves (which have the softest and most feathery outlines of any small conifers), and to wonder, when one reads Mr. Rehder’s brilliant account in the “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” of the discovery that each of these familiar types has been identified with an adult form that has an utterly different aspect from the juve- nile forms we know. ‘The patient botanical soul may trace, through Mr. Rehder’s article on Retinispora, these marvelous transforma- tions in the shape and color of the ieaves, the interrelations of these forms and their correct names, but for ordinary purposes the only way is to cut the Gordian knot by considering mm ts Ss aes PW SIRS 48. A golden obtuse-leaved Japan cypress, Retinos- pora obtusa, var. aurea. (Chamaecyparis obtusa, var. aurea) the Retinosporas as one horticultural group, and to use the nursery names. The important types, then, are: 1. The obtuse-leaved Japan cypress, Ket- inos pora obtusa nana. 2. The thread-like Japan cypress, R. jil- ifera. 3. The spreading-tipped Japan cypress, R. squarrosa. | int 2m eR Poa Se eS Wastes ase, 51. A tall specimen of the spreading-tipped Japan cypress, R. squarrosa (C. pisifera, var. squarrosa) 49. The thread-like Japan cypress, R. filifera. GARDEN MAGAZINE AD a0}; i 3 *E (Core rect name, Chamaecyparis visifera, vat. filifera) 4. The feathery Japan cypress, R. plimosa. Each of these has a green, a bluish and a “golden” form, the latter being generally about as true to its name as is boarding-house “amb.” Unfortunately all the Retinosporas are short lived. Most of them have a different color in winter. They often assume bronze or ruddy hues in cold weather. ry # ay 2 52. The feathery Japan cypress, R. plumosa. (Cor: rect name Chamaecyparis pisifera, var. plumosa) 50. The dwarf obtuse-leaved Japan cypress R. obtusa A popular small dark-green conifer nana. All the above forms are juvenile forms of two species which attain a height of 100 feet in Japan, and which are grown by our nurserymen. They make strong-growing, rugged trees. The Hinoki cypress (Chamecy- paris obtusa) is an important timber tree in Japan. The plumosa, filifera and squarrosa forms belong to the Sawara or pea-fruited Japan cypress (Chamecy paris pisijera). 53. A tall sheared specimen of the same variety that is shown in the preceding picture 4 Evergreens for Formal Situations—By W. E. Pendleton New York THE BEST SPECIES FOR FORMAL GARDENS, WINDOW BOXES, MASSING AT ENTRANCES AND BEDDING— THE BEST YELLOW, BLUE AND OTHER COLORS IN EACH TYPE, SUCH AS YEW, CEDAR, JUNIPER, ETC. Photographs by Henry Trotu, H. E. ANGELL and L. Barron | BN an impossible city like New York, where every foot of ground is likely to be cov- ered by stone, and a hole has to be cut in the pavement for every tree or vine, the universal 54. A formal garden of evergreens which looks attractive every day of the year, from the dining-room of a YonKers home. Designed by Pentecost & Vitale instinct toward something natural has ex- pressed itself in countless hundreds of window boxes. In the summer, there is the con- ventional line of florist’s stuff—geraniums, variegated periwinkle and other greenhouse plants; but in the winter every great house, club and hotel has its tubs, vases or window boxes of evergreens. It must be confessed that these stately plants often fit perfectly and add greatly to the distinction of a city home, but the slaughter among these inno- cents is heart-breaking. Every November they are at their best; the following May their return to the florist is like a retreat to Harbin. Next autumn new checks are drawn and the purveyor of evergreens once more takes a hopeful view of life. The city servant’s method of watering plants—fitful moments of zeal alternating with long intervals of neglect—is enough to account for more than half of this loss. More- over, they are mostly in plants imported from Holland at a price with which Americans cannot compete; and they are chiefly varieties of Lawson’s cypress (Chamecyparis Law- soniana), and other notoriously tender species 55. An evergreen alley on an American estate, showing hedge, arch and specimens of arborvitae which can be grown with incredible ease, speed and cheapness. The mortality is sufficiently high to war- rant a study of the decorative conifers that are really hardy, so that one may order these things intelligently, especially as these same plants are now much used for massing at entrances, for lawn specimens, for beds and for formal gardens. There are two theories about the use of these highly colored evergreens. One is that you may use them in all the places above mentioned and scatter them all over your yard, too; and the other is that such horti- cultural varieties, having originated in the garden, should be confined to the garden along with other highly artificial products that do not fit in with the landscape. The nurseryman usually takes the former view (he has them to sell), and the paradise of those r ee ee eee 56. The best example of topiary work in America —a style of gardening not adapted to a country where estates are not entailed. The Hunnewell garden at Wellesley, Mass. who think that yellow, blue and bronze conifers may be used in carpet bedding is Newport, where more money has been spent on gardening with less taste than on any place of equal size in the world. If you try to select these plants for your window box or garden from the nursery catalogue, you will probably get involved in a maze of Latin names and give it up in despair. The best way is to go to a nursery and see the things. But for those who can- not do this, we will point out some of the stan- dard material of known hardiness, giving the English language the preference—a reprehensible innovation in horticultural literature, apparently—with the standard and nursery names in parentheses. THE ARBORVITAE TYPE The best yellow one is George Peabody’s golden arborvitee (Thuwya occidentatis, var. lutea). Most yellow evergreens look as if they didn’t mean it. (They are usually a sickly, pale yellow, except in the catalogues). This one is, or ought to be, a good, hearty golden yellow. 28 The globe arborvite (ZT. occidentalis, var. globosa, or compacta globosa) is probably the best small button. About two feet high. For globes five feet in circumference, Booth’s is probably better (7. occidentalis, var. Bootht). The best columnar variety is the Siberian (LT. occidentalis, var. Wareana, or Sibirica), which stays pure green all winter instead of acquiring a dull brown hue, like the common arborvite. THE YEW TYPE None of the European yews (Taxus baccata) are sufficiently hardy. The best substitute for the Irish yew is either the Korean Cephalotaxus pedunculata (Podocarpus Koreana), or the Japanese Taxus cus pidata. THE JUNIPER TYPE The best substitute for the Irish juniper is the Swedish (J. communis, var. Suecica), columnar, but not quite as compact as the Trish juniper, which is not hardy enough. The best bluish juniper, J. Virginiana, var. glauca. The best for Japanese effects, J. giniana, var. tripartita. Vir- THE SPRUCE TYPE The common ones are all varieties of the Norway spruce (Picea excelsa). The best globular one, var. compacta. The best columnar form, var. pyramidalis. The best small cone, var. Remontii of the nurseries. old-fashioned box- bordered gardens for which Camden, S. C., is noted 57. One of the many small 58. Dwarf-growing varieties of arborvitae and reti- nospora with some of the yews for height are hardy in window boxes. Lawson’s cypress, commonly used is not hardy, and must be replanted each season THE UMBRELLA-PINE TYPE The Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticillata). THE JAPAN CYPRESS TYPE (See page 27). UNPLEASANT TRUTHS ABOUT FORMAL GARDENS Any lady who is socially ambitious and has only a modest purse to draw on, would better think eleven times before deciding to have a formal garden. It costs more in the first place than an informal garden, and is costlier to maintain. She can never compete with the wealthy, who can do things on a bigger scale. Even they cannot maintain a formal garden generation after generation in a coun- try where estates are not entailed. Formal gardens in America are usually either crude and new or old and dilapidated. If the ever- greens and hedges fail to get their annual trimming they soon get beyond restora- tion. Every bit of untidiness in a formal garden is conspicuous. Every break in a hedge is an eyesore and can be filled only by plants of the same size from a reserve store grown especially for the pur- pose. The dominant evergreens of Eng- lish and Italian formal gardens—box, yew and laurel—are not sufficiently hardy from Philadelphia north. Only in positions that are protected from winter winds and sudden bursts of sunshine, or in other exceptional circumstances, is box hardy in New England, and you can never tell what mild and inno- cent-appearing winter will kill a branch here and there in your oldest and most precious specimen. The North can never compete with the South or California in evergreen formal gardens. It will always be an uphill THE GARDEN MAGAZINE struggle, full of losses and disappointments. Formal gardens become monotonous. A great deal better thing to do is to grow conifers of known hardiness in simple, natural groups, so that the failure of one specimen does not spoil the whole effect. But there are certain natures and certain situations that demand a note of formalism, and the least expensive way to gratify it is to lay out the garden in geometrical fashion; edge the paths with some coniferous ever- green which can be kept at a height of two feet by annual pruning, and grow flowers in the beds thus formed. If perennials rather than annuals are grown, there will be less trouble and expense and the garden will be far more interesting in April, May and June. THE GREAT SUPERIORITY OF RED CEDAR Anyone who has noticed the numberless half-starved red cedars in the country stand- ing up on so many stilts, would hardly imagine that this evergreen is by far the most promising of all material for formal gardens in the northeastern United States. Yet so it is. The red cedar can be trained into nearly 29 a every shape that is demanded in the formal garden. These dominant forms are as follows: 1. The standard or bay-tree form.—Of course, no conifer can take the place cf a broad-leaved evergreen, but the bay must be kept in a house all winter. 2. The dome.—F or this purpose the globose arborvite is superior to box, privet and Catalpa Bunget, since box is not hardy enough and the others are deciduous. 3. The pyramid.—In this form, the red cedar has to compete with arborvite, Nord- mann’s and the silver fir, and the Douglas, white and Norway spruce. 4. The spire or column.—In this shape, the red cedar will reproduce the effect of the cypress in Italian gardens. 5. The arch.—In default of a hardy ever- green vine, red cedars can be trained in pairs over iron pipes to form perfect garden arches six feet across and ten feet high. Finally, the rugged picturesqueness of the famous Swiss stone pine can be reproduced by moving battled-scarred old cedars thirty or thirty-five feet high, their bare trunks crowned with an irregular tuft of foliage. 59. Tender evergreens like Lawson's cypress can be ~ SELON Se cel SS Bay aS Fe Bel oF RPL NS used for interior decoration. They endure about a year under such conditions as shown here—in the vestibule of an office building in New York City The Scientific Moving of Big Evergreens ONE OF THE WONDERS OF SCIENTIFIC HORTICULTURE—HOW EVERGREENS FIFTY FEET HIGH CAN BE MOVED IN MIDSUMMER AND WILL BE SURE TO LIVE—HINTS ON Written by an experienced tree mover. HE old rule used to be: ‘‘ Move deciduous trees while they are dormant; move evergreens in May or September”; and it is still a good rule for amateurs who have to do things in the ordinary way. But by scientific methods large evergreens can be moved any month in the year, though it is generally best not to leave the earth frozen on ever- greens, whether large or small, in the winter Qn — 60. The ideal way to transplant an evergreen— the unbroken ball wrapped in burlap to prevent the air from drying out the feeding roots. Anyone can do this months, because, a burst of sunshine or a keen winter wind will dry out the foliage faster than the frozen roots can send the sap to the leaves. The yellow cast of foliage in early spring shows when evergreens are suffering from this cause. On the other hand, if ever- greens are set in warm soil, the roots can begin work at once, and if they have a month in which to prepare for summer drought or winter cold, they stand a good chance. I have seen people transplant red cedars five or six feet high from the woods in Novem- ber without preserving a ball of roots, and then wonder why their evergreens died the following May. It is not the big roots that count; it is the little fibrous ones that feed a tree; and it is far more important to pre- serve a big proportion of them than with deciduous trees for two reasons: First, the roots of an evergreen have an enormous leaf surface to support, while a tree that casts its leaves in winter is care-free. Second, if the roots of an evergreen are exposed for a few hours to the air, the resinous sap, which is so abundant in conifers, hardens and does not readily circulate again. The scientific mover of large trees takes certain precautions which the general public almost never bother with when transplanting evergreens: root pruning, preserving a ball, and bagging. ‘Root pruning,” in this sense, refers to a peculiar thing that is done several months before the tree is even taken out of the ground. An accurate circle—say six feet in diameter—is drawn about the tree, and a circular trench is dug with long nursery spades to a depth of perhaps four feet. Of course, all the roots in this trench are carefully preserved. The next step is to shovel carefully under the tree in a horizontal direction and break off all the roots that go down below that point. The trench is then filled and the tree is left for several months to adjust itself to the new condition which is something like that of a potted plant out of doors. This operation can be performed at any time of year. It does not have to be done in the spring or fall rush. The necessity of root pruning can only be determined by the examination of experts, based on the soil, moisture, and root habit of the species. The most important thing is the preservation of the fine feeding roots outside of the ball and the cutting smooth of the ends of the larger roots. These ends should not be split or roughly cut. By pre- serving the feeding roots outside the ball several times the amount of support can be given the tree as when nothing but the ball of earth is saved. This is a work requiring skill, patience, and training. It requires special tools and costly machinery to hold and carry the tree and do the least damage to these outer roots. But the results are wonder- ful. Think of moving an evergreen over half a century old, forty feet high, and reéstablishing it with a root system sixteen feet in diameter! Think of having shelter from the winter winds right off instead of waiting twenty years. Many a New Yorker knows a particular TRANSPLANTING SMALL TREES FROM THE WOODS Photographs by HENRY TROTH and J. Horace McFarLanp Co. tree on the old New England farm where he was born for which he would gladly give a hundred dollars if he could permanently renew his associations with it. It might cost him less than the price of a piano to buy and move two or three such trees to his country home, where he can enjoy this priceless treas- ure for the rest of his life. Nowadays a man of means can drive about the country until he finds the most beautiful old tree he ever saw, and if he can buy it from the owner the chances are ten to one that it can be safely moved to his own home, provided it is pre- pared for the shock by root pruning several months in advance of transplanting time. But, aside from these extreme cases, com- pare a tree ten to twenty feet high, that can be moved for say twenty-five dollars, with the ordinary three- or four-foot tree that you buy from the nursery for about three dollars. There are three enormous advantages in favor of the big tree. First, these big trees will act at once as windbreaks, providing an outdoor winter playground for the children; protecting all sorts of choice plants that would not grow without it; prolonging the season of fresh vegetables from four to eight weeks; and sometimes saving enough on the coal bill alone to repay their entire cost in five years! Second, they screen unsightly objects— barns, outbuildings, service yard, objection- able neighbors, factories and the like—there- by abolishing eyesores and giving privacy. Third, they add immeasurably to the beauty of a place. They furnish the only possible way of taking off the raw, new look of a place and of giving the mellowness of old age which is perhaps the most potent element in the charm that English gardens have for us. And these three great advantages you have immediately. the place would look without them! 30 61. All these large trees were successfully moved to their present positions several years ago. Imagine how (A picturesque old cedar in the foreground) Modern Methods of Planning and Planting REMARKABLE OPPORTUNITIES AYING out new grounds? Don’t pro- ceed with the work without a definite plan as to what form the garden will ultimately take. You may not be able (or not willing) to put the whole scheme into execution at once. But by doing part of it now, some more next year, and adding the finishing touches as opportunity occurs, the final result will be a perfect one. Where are you to get the stock? It is easy to take a planting list, and, by studying the prices in some catalogue, to come to a decision on a purely money basis. It is an easy way, but hardly the best. By paying a visit to a reliable nursery where a specialty is made of supplying all the plants and essen- tial material necessary to a well-arranged home garden a real idea can be had of what these plants look like. In a nursery such as that of Siebrecht & Son, at New Rochelle, N. Y., all the very Lawn view at Rose Hill Nurseries, showing summer house and dwarf stone pine necessary information can be gathered. For years the collection of ornamental plants which now characterize the Rose Hill Nurseries have been gradually gathered together, not by a mere collection of every- thing that is introduced, but by a critical selection of only such things as experience has shown to be hardy. All this collection of conifers is propagated at the nursery—the plants, therefore, are ‘‘to the manner born.” But it may not be possible for a prospective customer to spend the time that a journey to New Rochelle involves, although the Rose Hill Nurseries are only forty-five minutes from the centre of New York City, the journey being by the N. Y.. N. H. & H. R. R. from the Grand Central Station, and by trolley from New Rochelle station to the nursery. If you cannot go to the nursery, the nursery (or rather one of the members of its large staff of expert plantsmen and experienced planters) will visit your place, and in direct personal consultation give you the benefit of all the practical advice that long acquaint- ance with similar situations will justify. But by all means visit the nursery if you OFFERED BY can. The proprietors have devoted con- siderable thought and skill to the new idea in nursery management—the artistic display of ornamental evergreens. By this we mean that the individual plants are set out as lawn specimens to exhibit their wse as well as their character. By harmony and contrast, just as they may be arranged in your own garden, you can forecast the effects you will produce. These Nurseries, moreover, are well fur- nished with all other material for the lawn and garden. Here you can also see the largest collection of palms, orchids, stove and greenhouse plants, roses, hardy herba- ceous plants, magnificent bay trees, box trees, near the city. Another interesting detail will be to see the Rustic Factory, where summer houses, wellhouses, settees, chairs and gateways are made. If you are laying out grounds or filling conservatories, it is a great pleasure to be able to visit a place where everything may be had, where it can all be seen and selected by yourself. There is no other place where a complete order can be placed for everything the estate may need in the way of grading, road making, as well as furnishing stock and planting it direct from the nurseries. One of the greatest benefits in receiving outdoor stock, such as ornamental trees, shrubs, evergreens, rhododendrons, fruit trees and vines from the Rose Hill Nurseries, is that they are so many times transplanted. Thus they move with large balls of earth and good, fibrous roots, which insure success in the new locations. Another specialty of the firm is moving large trees from twenty-five to fifty feet high, producing an _ effect which would ordinarily take from ten to twenty years. Having been established since 1867 is ample proof that the Rose Hill Nurseries ‘have been successful in growing and _ han- dling the best stock. The firm has its city ONE NURSERY FOR OBTAINING IMMEDIATE EFFECT store, where you may call, leave your orders for flowers or decorations, or make an appointment to visit the Nurseries. ‘There is not another shop in the city of New York where vou can be shown everything for beau- The true Colorado blue spruce (grafted) on the lawn at Rose Hill Nurseries tifying either your city home or country place. It is felt to be a pleasure at all times for this firm to give information about plants, estate management, and indeed for anything associ- ated with the outdoor features of the home. They also publish a beautiful handbook, en- titled: ‘‘Beautifying of Country Homes,” which can be had on application either at the city office, 425 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or their Nurseries, New Rochelle, N. Y. Magazine x Grouping or border planting of evergreens—conifers and trained box trees growing in the Rose Hill Nurseries THE GARDEN MaGazINE Advertiser GARDEN MAGAZINE THE NEW CENTURY LAWN SPRINKLER A perfect solution of the sprinkler problem—a sprinkler that covers a circle of from three feet to fifty feet in diameter with an absolutely equal distribution | of water; a sprinkler that revolves freely with any pressure; that will wot clog, and | that relieves the back pressure on the hose. prepaid anywhere in the United States east of the Rocky Moun- tains for only oD, 00 Sent express _ 20 HAWTHORNE THE PIERSON-SEFTON CO. Horticultural Architects and Builders West Side Avenue, JERSEY CITY, N. J. We manufacture and erect every type of greenhouse for private and commercial purposes. ‘*PIERSON”’ BOILERS For Steam and Water and everything for greenhouse heating. Hot Bed Sash and Frames Sketches and Estimates Free = “MANUFACTURERS “OF Descriptive circular free The Yost Electric Mfg. Co. STREET TOLEDO, OHIO, U.S.A. Telephone, 4150 Cortlandt : FENCING, THE NEW CENTURY] LAWN SPRINKLER Made with head Sand arms of polished brass ; body black enameled; wheels mounted on a wide base; red enameled. Can be drawn about without danger of upsetting. Uni- versally conceded to be the simplest, most durable and efficient lawn sprinkler made. , Your money right back if it is not entirely satisfactory. Sent ex- | press prepaid any- © where in the United sia States east of the Rocky Mountains for only = 200 SEWAGE AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL The sanitary, odorless and inexpen- sive destruction of sewage and gar- bage is effected by the use of an International Incinerator A “ Fire Closet” that is simple and effective. Adapted to country homes, seaside camps, mountain cottages. ENDORSED BY ALBERT L. GIHON, Medical Director U.S. Navy (retired). CoL. MCWATER, Surgeon-General British War Dept. Dr. ABRAM T, KERR, B.S., M.D., Cornell University. N.Y. STATE NATIONAL GUARD. DR. ERNEST WENDE, Ex-Health Commissioner, Buffalo, N. Y. JOHN S. WILSON, Surgeon 1st Regiment, N.G., N.Y. Let us tell you how to abolish earth closets, cesspools and garbage cans INTERNATIONAL INCINERATOR CO. 648 Prudential Bldg. - - Buffalo, N. Y. WIRE FENCING, ORNA- MENTAL IRON WORK. LAWN FURNITURE, TREE GUARDS, ETC. TENNIS COURT ENCLO- SURES A SPECIALTY. Wrought Iron Fence and Entrance Gates How to Save a Whole Year on Strawberries Photograph by Henry ‘TROTH [z you set out ordinary strawberry plants this September you will not get good strawberries until 1907, but if you set out potted plants in August you will have plenty of berries to eat next spring. ‘The reason for this is that the potted plants have a perfect root system, while the ordinary ones suffer from the shock of transplanting. If you set out an ordinary strawberry plant in the blazing hot sun of August it will come to nothing, but these potted plants will never know they were moved, or rather they will laugh at the chance to send their roots anywhere. Of course these potted plants cost more, but they are a perfect godsend, because every year thousands of people who move to the country forget to plant strawberries in 4 If you set out ordinary strawberry plants this fall you will get no berries worth while next spring, but potted runners like these yield a full crop next June the spring or have no time to do so. Now- adays all the leading seedsmen and nursery- men have midsummer catalogues offering potted strawberry plants for home planting. GROWING POTTED PLANTS AT HOME “Why not pot some runners in my own garden?” You can, if you start soon enough—say the last week of June—but you cannot expect home-grown runners potted in August to compete with those that have been carefully tended in the nursery since June. These potted plants are produced by rooting the runners in the pots filled with fine garden soil and sunk to the brim around the old hills or between the rows of the old beds. In the home garden, where distances are short, it is quite possible to lift the plain runner plants for summer planting by working carefully with a trowel and taking up an abundance of soil with each plant, but rooting in pots is surer, even if it is a little bit more troublesome. A week before the plants are to be put into the new bed, some time about the middle of August, they are separated from the old Oo wo THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SMALL EVERGREENS AT LOW RATES For architectural gardens we offer hedges equal in size and quality to those illustrated on pages 15 and 16, prepared for moving. We offer small evergreens by the 100,000 at low rates. They are suitable for mass planting—shelter belts—timber forests—and covering ground too poor for cultivation. The best and cheapest way to develop real estate and give maximum comfort for all the year country residence. Hicks Patent Treemovers make possible moving big trees for immediate shelter—shade—screen. Visit the Nurseries in July to select evergreens for August and Sep- tember planting, or write the effect you desire. We offer, ready for moving, Norway, sugar, and red maples, pin oaks, up to fifty feet high; pines, spruces, hemlocks, arborvites and cedars. ‘Trees that thrive on Long Island and blend with the landscape. Twelve Treemovers for various types of soil and tree. Sent anywhere. Screen to gardener’s cottage. Moved 1905. Our catalogue, ‘‘ Trees for Long Island,’’ gets down to fundamental principles of climate variation, moisture and fertility of the soil. ISAAC HICKS & SON itneytices™ Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y. Part of 175 evergreens, 15 to 37 feet high, moved within 9 months to bare hill site for Mr. Walter G. Oakman, Roslyn, L. I. Nurserymen and Scientific Treemovers ANDORRA’S EVERGREENS meeeiie PINEST OFFERED | as broad claim is easily substantiated by our stock. Every planter should visit ANDORRA and see the large variety—the specimen plants—and how we grow them. A visit will convince you, save time and money, and insure a satisfactory planting. We have built our business on the quality of our stock. Once introduced to ANDORRA quality is to become a permanent customer. @ OUR TREES have been carefully culti- vated, transplanted and root pruned. Each is allowed sufficient space to develop sym- metrically, and they are lifted with a ball and burlapped for shipping. WE OFFER 22 /arge assortment suitable for every purpose. Firs, Spruces, Pines A __ and Cedars for specimen plantings; Hemlocks and Arborvites of best sorts for hedging; Retinosporas, Junipers, Cypress and Yews for the lawn; Beautiful Hollies, Laurels, Rhododendrons and Andromedas for the shady spots, as well as Box Bush and Specimen Evergreens for the formal garden. Plant Now—Price List Gives Details UND OIIC eNO INO RE.S, 1" Wame Heres COESTNULT HILL, PHILA., PA. 34 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Pedigree Strawberry Plants ~¥ — Pot Grown UR PLANTS are grown with ther Vereatest |icarew andi ithe healthy, strong condition they are in when shipped by us will give a full crop by next year if plants are set out any time up to Sept. 15th. VERY EARLY VARIETIES: Thompson, Climax. Fairfield, Success, Lady MID-SEASON VARIETIES: Wm. Belt, McKinley, New York, Oom Paul, Nick Ohmer, Glen Mary, Sample, Marshall, Bismarck, Senator Dunlop, Warfield, Clyde, Bubach. LATE VARIETIES: Gandy, Lester Arline, Aroma, Joe, Late Champion. Lovett, Price per dozen, 75 cents; per 100, $3.50; per 1,000, $25.00 Catalogue and Cultural directions mailed free STUMPP & WALTER CO., 50 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK NEW YORK | Dwyer’s Pot-Grown Strawberry Plants Strong, healthy plantsfrom selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and Producea full crop in1906 Some of the finest berry patches in America owe suc- cess to our vigorous stock, S Pot-grown plants have been our specialty for many years. If you want fruit next season, order now. We also have a full line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Plants, Vines, etc., for fall planting, all grown on our home grounds and guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue free. T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, CORNWALL, N. Y. THE PREMIER ¢ GREEN HOUSE. Portable. Size, 12 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 8 ft. high. Soundly constructed of High grade material. Fitted complete with benches, floor and glass. Freisht paid. C.H. MANLEY, Premier Mfg. Works, St. Johns, Michigan. $5 ALL THE WATER YOU WANT, PUMPED WITHOUT COST Systems of any size, for the smallest home, the largest estate, stables, fountains, greenhouses or formal gardens. let us give you a plan for your water supply from any near-by : A S ours a day every day. Over 5,000 in use Hammond’s Slug Shot for Potato Bugs 9 LARGE PLANTS INSTALLED FOR TOWNS, INSTITUTIONS, RAILROAD TANKS OR IRRIGATION HYDRAULIC It costs you nothing, places you under no obligation whatever, to R | F spring, stream or pond with a plant we guarantee to do the work Or no pay. Requires no attention and delivers water twenty-four Costs Nothing to Operate Write for Details POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY, Cor. Liberty and Greenwich Sts., NEW YORK 6S BAC Caterpillars, Cabbage Worms, Etc. NOR BU RAKE’S GAR , East Brookfield, Mass., Jan. 14, 1905. DRAKE’S GARDEN, E Brookfield, M J gos We have used Slug Shot and always found it very useful. Our potato crop yielded 200 bushels to the acre. Slug Shot for Cabbage Worms is the best defense in the world. Very truly, F. A. DRAKE. Cabbage Worms The Cabbage Worm has spread wherever cabbage is grown. Whether early cabbage or late cabbage, in garden or field, it perforates the plant, and is of ali worms one of the most disgusting, to find hidden away in the folds of the leaf. IF YOU WANT CABBAGE FREE FROM WORMS, USE HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT. How to Destroy Cabbage Worms.—Slug Shot can be used lightly or heavily and the cabbage suffers no harm. The cabbage forms its head by the interior growth; it throws off its earlier and outside leaves, and no dust can enfold within its head. Apply Slug Shot with a Duster, sieve it over the plants or full grown cabbages. The powder is very fine and goesa long way in field or garden. Sold in large or small lots Sold by Seed Dealers and Merchants all over America **SOLUTION OF COPPER’”’ ‘* BORDEAUX MIXTURE”’ **CATTLE COMFORT ”’ Send for pamphlet to B. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. plants by cutting the runner, and watered so as to be kept growing. Separated from the parent plant, the young ones will become thoroughly established on their own roots and develop strong and vigorous, ready to be lifted without suffering a shock. STRAWBERRIES FOLLOW PEAS Take the pots out of the ground, plants and all, and carry them to the site for the new bed, which should be in a part of the garden that has been in some well-cultivated crop during the early part of the season. Ground that has been in the main crop of peas will answer admirably for the new strawberry bed. It will be in the proper fineness and free from the insect pests which sometimes trouble the strawberry grower. After the pea vines have been cleared off in the middle of July the plot should be heavily manured and deeply plowed. Plowing should be deeper on dry soil, so that the ground will be opened up for the roots to penetrate as far down as they want to grow, which will give them protection in times of unusual drought; and this little detail of careful cultivation is equally true about other crops. Turn the soil at least one foot whenever you dig the garden, and don’t be alarmed if you do bring up a few inches of sand or gravel. It may bother you a little bit this year, but after one or two treatments in this way you will simply have added so many more inches in depth to your soil and thus have increased the fertility. This is particularly advantage- ous in strawberry growing, as the full growth of the next season’s crop has to be made in very short time after frost 1s out of the ground in the spring. JUST HOW TO MAKE THE BED For the home garden strawberry plants can be set closer together than is the practice in commercial fields. With the rows two or three feet apart, and the plants about eighteen _ inches apart in the row, there will be ample room. (See June GARDEN MAGAZINE, page 221, for forceful illustrations of how to do that.) In planting the runners use a fork or trowel and have a guide line to make the rows straight; this will allow cultivation with the wheel hoe during the balance of the year. Water thoroughly after planting and see that the plants are kept growing until they become established. In the course of a few weeks cultivation should cease, and after the ground becomes frozen the whole bed, plants and all, can be covered with a mulch of thoroughly rotted manure, which will be ready for turning under in the spring as soon as the growth starts. One objection to the use of stable manure is its liability of carrying weed seeds into the strawberry patch, but there need be no fear on this score if the manure has been thoroughly rotted before it is put on the strawberry bed. If you intend to make a new bed this summer be sure to select a spot such as is described, and don’t forget to enrich it. As an old-time grower once said, “You can almost measure the size of your crop by the quantity of fertilizer you put into the bed when planting.” Lestiz Hupson. New Jersey. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 35 THE GREAT VACATION BOOK Two Little Savages By ERNEST THOMPSON SETON ELLS how to camp out, how to form an Indian band, how to make a dam, how to make and shoot bows and arrows, the uses of the different plants, the habits of the wild creatures, and so on. A Classic Book for Boys “A rattling fine book.”—Cleveland Leader. “Rich in incident and in a knowledge of the things dearest to the boyish heart.” —Loston Budget. “ Healthful, wholesome, instructive and com- mendable in every way. . . . All the charms of forest life are portrayed.”’— Chicago Inter-Ocean. More than 300 illustrations by the author. Handsomely bound; more than 500 pages. Net, $1.75 (postage 18 cents) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK Note—If you are not within reach of a bookstore, $1.93 mailed to us will bring the book promptly to you. 99° of a Camera’s Value is in the Lens IF YOU HAVE A CAMERA that doesn’t take fine pictures you haven’t the right lens, It’s all in the lens. ‘The better the lens, the finer the pictures. Perfect pictures can only be taken with a GOERZ LENS because it is the best made. Made in many styles for many purposes and cameras. OUR SYNTOR LENS (price $21.15 and upwards) is the lens for small kodaks and hand cameras. A perfect Lens at a popular price. Write for our Lens Book B-9—it will tell you all about Lenses and Lens values. C. P. GoERZ OPTICAL WORKS NEw YORK CHICAGO 52 E. Union Square Heyworth Building BERLIN LONDON PARIS ST. PETERSBURG D209 CUT a. Acetylene Generators | An ideal lighting system for COUNTRY HOMES combining luxury and economy. Our patent Dissolving Process solves the problem of heating and cooking with acetylene. 50% Better Cheaper than city gas or | electricity. IMPLEST AFEST UREST YSTEM of artificial lighting and heating. + SINGLE BARREL SHOT GUN “* The high-grade single gun.”’ Can refer to Homes, Stores, Fac- tories, Schools, Hospitals and Towns equipped with our plants. Shall be pleased to have tn- Simplest “take-down” gun made. Top snap; center hammer; rebounding lock. 12, 16 and 20 gauges; automatic and non-ejector styles. Your dealer can supply or we will sell to you direct. terested parties inspect the Plant in operation lighting our offices and buildings, 7 Ui Send for C= catalog 15 WARREN STREET (near Broadway), NEW YORK Illustrated Catalogue tells about our complete line—F REE. HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON ARMS Co. 373 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass. Makers of H & R Revolvers. LAST A LIFETIME Fold compactly for removal when not in use. Do not disfigure the lawn. Require but little space. Wind revolves reel. Clothes dry quicker ; cannot blow away, or be torn to shreds. THE LINE COMES TO YOU when hanging out or taking in clothes. More than two million people use them. Hold 100 to 150 feet of line. Do not soil the clothes with dust and mildew like lines that remain outdoors all the time. Made in several styles and sizes for lawn, roof, and balcony. Ask your hardware dealer to show them. Send for illustrated Catalogue No. 39, free for the asking. DRYER COMPANY, 359 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass. 36 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Orders are always quickly filled at our Tank and Tower Works Most of the ordinary sizes are kept in stock. Plans, patterns, specifications and materials for all others are ready. W. E. CALDWELL CO., LOUISVILLE, KY. Small Ginseng gardens pay large profits. Work is light. Hundreds of dollars can be made in your back yard. Fall best planting time. Send for free illustrated booklet. Empress Ginseng Gardens, Box 755, La Grange, Ill. | MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL Illustrated Catalogue free WM. HENRY MAULE 1711 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. CARE- FULLY dug Koster Blue Spruce, about 4 feet high with good ball of earth, and the man who saw to it that it was dug properly. EVERGREENS Many rare and splendid specimens which can be shipped with a ball of earth in July, August and September. Paeonies, Japan and German Iris and other Herbaceous Plants in great variety. Our Special Summer Price List and General Catalogue are gladly mailed by us to those requesting them. THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO. NEW HAVEN, CONN. Visitors welcome at the Nursery every day excepting Sunday. Why Some Dracenas Die Photograph by C. C. Pierce & Co. HY has my dracena died after it has been growing well for a dozen years? It has had the same treatment every year.” This question comes to me many times every year. the owner persistently planted draceenas for a dozen years before discovering the cause of their early death. He then broke through the hardpan, made a good-sized hole, and loosened the soil to the depth of three feet. He now has plants six years old that are in perfect health. Previous to this treatment no draceena had lived in his yard for more than four years, and the last year of this period it produced no new growth and had a sickly appearance. The draceena makes a long and large tap root, and at five years of age it is of greater 63. The dracaena of California, Cordyline australis (Dra- caena indivisa of gardeners). Sometimes planted along roads, but is too uneven in height. These trees are same age. Could be Kept uniform height by break- ing out centre growth at same height ~ diameter than the stem above ground. When this tap root reaches rock or hard- pan and is plentifully supplied with water, decay is soon induced and spreads upward until death of the top ensues. An instance is known, where draceenas were evidently dying and were ‘‘abandoned,”’ of the plants A certain garden in Los Angeles has hard- | pan eighteen inches below the surface, and | When you were engaged THE YOUNG LADY RECEIVED A BOX OF ALMOST DAILY - HOW OFTEN DOES YOUR WIFE NOW RECEIVE A BOX OF THESE DELICIOUS CONFECTIONS? REPENT - AND MAIL YOUR ORDERS, AT SHORT INTERVALS, TO ’2 863 BROADWAY) ,, ] 508 FIFTH AVENUE! NEWYORK f SEVENTEEN OTHER STORES & SALES AGENTS EVERYWHERE. } CANDIES SENT ANYWHERE BY MAIL& EXPRESS. BRIARCLIFF MANOR, New York | Briarcliff Lodge ’PHONE 1 Pocantico Lodge *PHONE 30 NOW OPEN Briarcliff Realty information at Home Office, Briarcliff Manor, or at New York Store, Windsor Arcade, Fifth Ave. and 46th St., by appointment. Davip B. Prumer, Gen’! Mer., Briarcliff Manor, N. Y. Rudyard Kipling’s Famous Books i a Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents Kim. $1.50 The Day’s Work. $1.50 Stalky & Co. $1.50 The Brushwood Boy. $1.50 Plain Tales from the Hills. The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.50 $1.00 Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50 From Sea to Sea. Two volumes. The Light That Failed. $1.50 Soldier Stories. $1.50 With Wolcott Balestier, The Naulahka. $1.50 Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. $1.50 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White. $1.50 $2.00 Published and sent on receipt of price by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY THE GARDEN MAGAZ INE 3 The Track of a Summer Storm Yes, there are cheap forms of water- supply, just as there are cheap clothes, cheap shoes and cheap food. This, for instance, is a true picture, showing the effects of a recent cyclone on Long Island. Flat countries are especially subject to the uninterrupted sweep of winds, frequently so violent that no windmill, even when made of steel and iron, can withstand their force. Under such conditions the owner of a Hot-Air Pump is doubly fortunate. His buildings remain unwrecked, and his water- supply is constant, for it is always independent of wind or weather. CRIMSON mee OVER Or InLAVRONG Wid IKO) al treated with Nitro Culture will give you Profitable Crops and greatly improve your farm. We can tell you all about it. Write us. JOHNSON & STOKES 217-219 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA The Hot-Air Pump is an engine of low power which cannot explode; installed in your cellar : or outhouse, it we with just force enough ntact to pump water; having no waste power, it STEEL PLATE must be economical in operation; as it is prac- tically automatic, it requires no care—any child or servant can start or stop its operation. GREENHOUSE BOILERS NO CAST IRON SECTIONS TO CRACK. NO JOINTS TO LEAK. SAVE 25 PER CENT. OF FUEL Descriptive Catalogue ‘‘U’’ sent free on application. 35 Warren Street, New York 239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 ( Craig Street W., Montre co P. Q. .W -Rider-Ericsson Engine @o: 40.N. 7th Street, Philadelphia 2 Pitt Street, Sydney, eniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba The He t-Air Pump owa Seeds and Bulbs Tulips, double mixed, per dozen, 25c.; single mixed, per dozen, 20c.; Crocus, mixed, per dozen, 15c.; Iris, mixed, per dozen, 15c.; a set of four Rambler Roses, white, pink, crimson and yellow, hardy plants, prepaid for 75c.; a set of four Hyacinths, white, crimson, pink and blue, sent prepaid for only 35c.; Dutch Roman Hyacinths, per dozen, mixed, only 40c.; 300 kinds of choice flower seeds for only 5c. Water space all around, front, sides and back. Write for Catalogue KROESCHELL BROS. CO. 39 ERIE STREET - - - - - CHICAGO Grass Seeds Our Specialty Fea. (GRAVES) SEED COMPANY, DES MOINES; Address to IOWA ,\CLJDIIL | > === pum The great lawn x yan variety of aan pus eA trees and NT IN JULY cee. the beauty VIRGINIA—7" most rare and the } : of their beautiful of all d 3 é ”» gladiolus is included in the “DIAMOND” | VeTanda ¥ a *s : = grouping collection, consisting of one dozen bulbs of : i : : : the gladioli of all the colors of the rainbow and the choicest varieties known of this the “EMPRESS OF FLOWERS.” Price $5.00 for this collection. Send for catalogue. For the ‘‘ Diamond Selection"’. . . §5.00 per doz, For the ‘‘Golden Selection” . . . §1.00 per doz, For the ‘‘Silver Selection”’ . . - 50c. per doz. For all Three Selections . . 5 a oo. one doz. each STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN Proprietor of Willow Bank Nursery, Newark, Wayne Co., New York. PEONIES Wholesale and retail catalogues ready for distribution. Sent free on application. All stock guaranteed true toname. Send your orders in early to be assured of a Evergreens for Immediate Effect good collection for fall planting. We have Evergreens by the thousands. Norway Spruce, Koster Blue Spruce, White Spruce, White PETERSON NURSERY 510 West Peterson Avenue - - - CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ardp con DIO Fasbioned Plants Flower Gardens including Phloxes, Bell-Flowers, Larkspurs, Poppies, Pzonies, Iris, Garden Pinks, Day Lilies, etc. Also fine collection of novelties. Catalogue on application. _FREDERIC J. REA Scotch and Austrian Pine, Arborvitaes, Retinosporas, Hemlocks, etc., etc. They are from 2 to 6 feet high. No finer stock to be found anywhere. Also large Norway Spruce, 15 to 20 feet high, for immediate effects, and forest trees in large quantities. We have California Privet, 1 to 4 feet, and a full assortment of Shrubbery, Roses, Perennials Fruit Trees, etc., etc. 7 Correspondence solicited, or that which is better, inspection of the stock invited. Catalogues free. Address THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CoO., se2 55: Korwaik, c. NEW CANAAN, CONN. Norwood, Mass. 38 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE UE This is little Elizabeth Brock of Macon, Mo. raised on Mellin’s Food from birth and noted everywhere for her sunny disposition and perfect health. Mellin’s Food will make milk agree with your baby, and he will keep perfectly well all Summer long. You can even travel with your baby, if you want to, and change the milk supply without risk, if you use Mellin’s Food to prepare the milk. SEND TO-DAY FOR A FREE SAMPLE OF MELLIN’S FOOD AND TRY IT. MELLIN’S FOOD COMPANY, BOSTON, SEEDS BURPEE’S é@row Handsome catalog, containing beautiful colored prints, directly photographed from nature, mailed FR EE on request. W. ATLEE BURPEE, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa. MASS. JAPANESE GARDENS and plants. Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. Send for Catalogue. HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island IRON RAILINGS, WIRE FENCES RITE for catalogue No. 29, illustrat- ing arbors for vines and fruit trees, garden arches, plant supporters, tree guards and wire fences for all purposes, also show- ing a great variety of iron railings and entrance gates for country places. ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS 45 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY returning to their usual vigor when neglected. Upon their being dug up a few years after- ward, to make room for a new building, it was found that the tap root had rotted away for probably more than a foot and had subsequently healed. Whoever plants dra- ceenas would do well to bear this in mind. The dracena is occasionally used for street alignment, but certainly is unfitted for such purpose. It does not grow large enough, in a score of years, to look well along a street of moderate width, but the greatest objection to its use as a plant to set in a row lies in the unequal growth, especially as regards height. be a law unto itself. One will grow twice as fast as its neighbor that is but a few feet distant and is under precisely the same treatment. ‘The flowers seem to be terminal, and when the first flower spike grows the main stem sends out lateral branches, but continues its upward terminal growth no farther. Some reach this stage at four feet in height, others not until they have reached to ten feet. Some flower at five years of age, others not until the tenth year. The effect is demoralizing to formal planta- tions, and the only remedy known is to break out or cut off the terminal at the desired height or at the height at which the first plant blossoms. Sometimes a new ‘“‘offset”’ terminal will push up and no lateral branches appear. This new terminal must also be broken out and then the plants will branch. With this treatment all may be kept at nearly the same height and with a sufficient simi- larity of appearance. [ERpnEsT BRAUNTON. Los Angeles Co. How to Have Plenty of Flowers in August 2 you have a tree hydrangea, water it more thoroughly than anything on the place, and you will be rewarded by a grand show of huge flower trusses. Water freely all growing plants. Do the work in the evening by preference. It is less wasteful, and not as trying to the gardener. Collect seeds of spring wild flowers and start a wild garden from seed instead of ravishing the woods. You will enjoy the life histories of the wild flowers far more in this way. Collect trillium bulbs if you must, but you ought to buy them. You will find a lot of interesting Western trilliums in the bulb catalogues. Pick young pods daily and you will have more flowers. Let nothing goto seed. Pinch off suckers from fruit and ornamental trees. If flowers are few scatter some nitrate of soda and a little bone meal on the ground, rake it in and you will notice a big change three days after the first rainfall or arti- ficial watering. Divide plants in the hardy border which have bloomed. Rearrange as necessary, and get some big masses. Mulch trees and the hardy border with lawn clippings, hay or anything to keep the moisture in the ground. During August plant bulbs of Lilium can- didum for flowers next summer. ‘The sooner the better. Each dracena seems to | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 39 Necessities for the Garden Inexpensive little things that pay for themselves immediately in increased crops and labor-saving. MODEL TOMATO AND PLANT SUPPORT The best support for tomatoes and heavily flowered plants, such as Dahlias, Peonies, Chrysanthemums, etc. Tomatoes grown with supports produce a much larger crop and of better quality. Constructed of heavy galvanized wire frame work, they are light, strong, and easily applied. More than half a million in use. Price, per dozen, $1.75 Per gross, $18. MODEL ROSE STAKES LOOPED OR STRAIGHT Strong, light, more sightly than wooden stakes, and do not harbor insects. Made of galvanized wire, proof against rust. All sizes from two to six feet. Send for prices. HE white nests of the fall webworm are most conspicuous during August. | MODEL POT HANGER These unsightly objects enclose masses of | Adjustable to pots of all sizes up to ten inches. Can be put on quickly and taken browned and skeletonized foliace. It is off easily. The only practical device for converting ordinary flower pots into Or: hanging baskets. easy to cut out the nest whenever seen at Prices: Sizes up to five inches, per dozen, 50 cents; gross, $4. this time of the year and burn it with the Sizes for pots, from five to ten inches, per dozen, 75 cents; gross, $7. caterpillars within, but a far more satisfactory MODEL EXTENSION CARNATION WIRE SUPPORT method is to check the attack at the beginning Light, strong, easily applied. Every grower of Carnations should use these. by spraying the leaves thoroughly in the Prices: 50 Complete Supports, $2.25. 100 Complete Supports, $3.50. vicinity of the nest with an arsenical poison, “SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET oueue lolly gsenekie @1 each ! PARKER-BRUEN MFG. CO., 1519 St. James Bldg., New York City Young San José scales are now being FACTORY: HARRISON, N. J. produced in large numbers, and consequently the pest will be detected on trees previously supposed to be free from the scale. If it is | 9Q Vegetable, Farm | T Hawaii’s beautiful multi- at all abundant it will be necessary to spray BRIDGEMAN S and Flower SEEDS LAN AN HED Oved de SECS ShrGb. with either a whale-oil soap solution or Garden Tools. Catalogue free. s Grows anywhere. Seeds, 15 cents packet. HAWAIIAN C - o BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE |. ? kerosene emulsion, even though the applica- 37 East 19th Street, New York City Novetty Co., Box 596, Honolulu, T. H. tion be only a temporary check. Use whale- oil soap solution at the rate of about one ‘¢§ ureka” pound to six gallons; or the kerosene emulsion, : standard formula, diluted with nine parts of D ae Ora tive Pla Nn C S WEED KILLER A soluble powder readily water. But what is used must be applied FOR LAWNS, PORCHES, HOTELS, » mixed and applied, for killing with such care as to cover the whole tree. The stalk borer is still working in the Ee Nee eee weeds in walks, paths, etc., without staining or disturbing thicker-stemmed plants and doing damage Bay Trees, Standard and Pyramids, at $12 to $30 | the gravel. We have sold it for a number of years : E ae per pair. Araucaria Excelsa, Australian Pine, at in the flower garden. The only remedy HS uO $1 to $4 each. Phoenix, for lawns and porches. cut off the stem below the point of injury and at $8 to $20 per pair. Kentia Palms from $2 to $25 kill the borer. each. Single plants or several in a pot if wanted. and can guarantee it will do the work effectually. Asters and some other plants flowering at No charges for packing. Cash with order, please. Large size tin, cove frre, 75 cts. each. this time may have their buds blighted by ANTON SCHULTHEIS Special prices to Cemeteries and buyers in large quantities. Full small, yellowish and black bugs about one- Tropical Greenhouses directions with each tin fourth of an inch long. The pest may be con- P. O. BOX 73. COLLEGE POINT, L.I., N. Y. VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE 84-86 Randolph St., CHICAGO 14 Barclay St., NEW YORK The Bay State Nurseries Catalogue for 1905, designed especially for Gardeners and Owners of Large Estates, contains many attractions for buyers of Nursery Stock in quantity. Send us your name and we will send you the book. We offer a complete line of healthy Northern-Grown Nursery Stock including Evergreen Trees in great variety. Rhododendron Maxi- mum and Kalmia Latifolia. Roses of all classes in many sorts. Shrubs and Climbing Vines of every description. Our Herbaceous Department contains over Six Hundred Varieties of Hardy Perennials, new and old. PAEONIAS, PHLOX, IRIS, HARDY ASTERS, Etc. Our nurseries are located eighteen miles south of Boston. We have rapid transit both north and south. Freight arrives in New York or Boston the next morning after shipment. (ene baw 5 PAE NURSERIES W. H. WYMAN, Proprietor NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. trolled by collecting the bugs in a small net or jarring them into a pan of kerosene and water. EXPLODING ANT NESTS ON LAWNS The dry weather is favorable for ants’ nests, which sometimes become unpleasantly prominent on our lawns, and cause injury by tunneling and loosening the earth about the roots of plants. They can be eradicated most easily by treatment with carbon bi- sulphide. The method is as follows: With a broom handle or iron bar make holes in the nest several inches deep and a few inches apart. Put in each about a tablespoonful of carbon bisulphide, close the holes quickly with earth, and throw a wet blanket over the entire nest. After a few moments explode the fumes collected underneath by reaching | under the cover with a lighted match fastened to the end of a short pole. The explosion drives the deadly fumes of the carbon bi- sulphide deeper into the earth and adds materially to the effectiveness of the treat- ment. 18g 12% Lape. New York State Entomologist. 40 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Preserve Your Fruits and Vegetables The process is simplicity itself with the Express Jar and Recipe Book ¢ This modem jar for preserving fruits and vegetables insures success in home preserving. It seals automatically by the vacuum principle, which means absolute tightness. The Express Jar is simple, having nothing to screw on and no cumbersome clamps to tighten. Is neat, having no fixtures to mar the appearance, economical because it costs less than other jars and requires fifty per cent. less sugar in preserving fruits than other methods. The leading packers of. the country use the Express Jar, which attests its perfection. PRICES Quarts, $1.25 per dozen, express prepaid Pints, $1.00 per dozen, express prepaid The Recipe Book containing recipes for pre- serving fruits and vegetables is by Dr. Jean Pacrette, of Paris, eminent as one of the foremost culinary experts of France. It will be sent free to readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. Several pages describe in detail the Express Jar. Send for it. EXPRESS JAR CO., 192-198 Chambers Street, NEW YORK @ Lamps, Lanterns at Sg | Wind Your Clock and Lighting Fix- of P Gey Once a Year tures; Gates, Grilles, fa | A TBBR|| tratwitteep sccurseetine without any attention for a Fences; Fire-place oy 9 whole year? Then buy a Furnishings and ea iF. es 400Day other Work in Metal 3 Ee Clock = I] Wort & h t b yi for it will keep perfect time = ‘ for over a year (400 days) hand . a with but one winding. The 3 400 Day Clock is a beauti- ful ornament for any home. | i i high, 8 h @ Illustrated matter will be eo a maUsied 7 brass and encased in a promptly mailed upon re- glass dome, it is not only a handsome ornament for any home, but the simplicity of LANTERN quest. Mention the things the mechanism panes it a oe and accurate time keeper. D es = specially desirable for country homes. No. 10612 mn which you are most in- Sent express prepaid anywhere in the U. S. for ®15.60. EACH, $6.00 Send for our booklet ‘* Anniversary Time,’’ describing and PAIR, I1.50 terested. illustrating these clocks. ANDERTON & SON THE WILLIAM BAYLEY CoO. Deereaen ee i EUTONT CHIC 106 NORTH STREET, SPRINGFIELD, 0. For Liquor and Drug: Using A scientific remedy which has _ been skillfully and successfully administered by medical specialists for the past 25 years AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES: a Birmingham, Ala. W aehingion. D. Lexington, Mass. White Plaina, N.Y. Pittsburg, Pa., Hot Springs, Ark. 211 N. Capitol St. Portland, Me. Columbug, ©., 4246 Fifth Ave. Los Aneel Cal., Atlanta, Ga, St. Louis. Mo., 1087 N, Dennison Ave. Providence, R. 1. 10: So. Flower St. Dwight, Ill. 2808 Locuat St. Portland, Ore. Richmond, Va. Marion. Ind. Alhambra Hot Springs, Mont. Philadelphia Pa., Seattle, W ‘ash. Dea Moines, Ia. North Conway, N. H. 812 N. Broad St. Plainfield, In West Maven, Conn. Crab Orchard, Ky. Buffalo, N. Y. Harrisburg, Pa. Salt Lake ae Utah make gardening a pleasure ora profit. They double your capacity, eapeclally, in theearly growing time w hen FREE to lovers of palms and house plants G ard en. a handsomely printed booklet, “The Care of Palms.” This is an Implements expert treatise on the life, health and beauty of house plants, and tells in detail how to care for them, accel- erate their growth, and preserve them under all condi- everything needs quickaction. Send forour tions. Send postal to-day. Copy of the booklet will be book, “Iron Age,’’ describing Seed Drills, Wheel Hoes, Potato Planters, Hand Cultivators, eto. ~ BATEMAN MFG. ©O., Box © Grenloch, N. J.’ sent, postpaid, upon receipt of your name and address. CAROLINA GLASS CO., Dept. B, Columbia, S. C. How to Have Celery All Winter Instead of Vain Regrets HE one thing that every home gardener should remember to do in the first week of August, but usually forgets, is to plant the late crop of celery for winter use. If possible, get the plants into the ground during the last days of July, but do it some time before August is far advanced. Seed for the late celery crop was sown in April, or perhaps in May. The young plants will by this time be in the proper stage for transplanting. If you forgot to provide for a supply of late plants, no matter, for they can be bought at the seed store. Tn large gardens, where there is plenty of room, the late celery crop has a space reserved for it from the first, the ground being culti- vated from time to time and kept free from weeds, but not put to any other crop. In small gardens celery is grown as a second crop after early peas, lettuce, cabbage or beets, or it may be planted in the onion bed, by removing every third row of onions, to be stored as sets, and leaving the rest for late harvesting. There is just one requisite to successful celery culture—deep soil, and the deeper the better! Failure in the late celery crop is because the roots do not get sufficient moisture, and mere surface watering will not suffice. The plant wants cool roots, with plenty of moisture, but not stagnant water. Before planting, therefore, prepare the ground thoroughly by plowing, harrowing and smoothing off. The small home gardener will dig two spits deep and rake. The easiest way to plant out is to make a furrow six inches deep and fill in with three inches of fine well-rotted manure or rich compost. This will hold water for the roots and provide the ideal conditions. Next mix the manure with the soil and fill in the furrow nearly level with the surface—say to within an inch or less. The garden fork is the tool to use for mixing. Plant dwarf, self-blanching celery in rows two and a half feet apart, and not closer than six inches in the row, the home gardener should not plant tall kinds; the common tall varieties occupy far too much room in the garden and are not so convenient to handle in the blanching process. Before taking the young plants from the seedbed or box, soak them thoroughly with water, and just before planting trim the tops (cutting off one-third) and dip the roots in water. Don’t expose the roots to the sun during transplanting, and do the work on a dull day if possible. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 4] On a hot, dry day I water the trench in which each plant is set, throwing in a little earth—just as a mulch to hold the water. After the whole row is planted I go over the whole with a rake and finish off. AN ONION THOUGHT FOR AUGUST If you have too many onions at this time from spring sowing, the small bulbs may be harvested in August and kept as sets for early planting next spring. These will mature for early summer use. It matters not how small a set you have, it will make a respectable onion for use next season. Pull up the sets with a rake—that saves time—and spread them out to dry. Store them, tops and all, in shallow boxes in a cool cellar or in an outhouse till frost comes, when they are to be covered with hay or straw and so kept frozen all winter. Of course they can be cleaned before being stored, which saves work in the spring, but usually one is too much occupied in summer enjoyments in August or September to enjoy cleaning up onions. The Welsh onion sown in August will be ready for use as a salad or seasoning in early spring. This does not make a bulb like the common onion, being grown for its leaves only. L. B. i August Bulbs for Christmas Flowers eed Roman hyacinths and paper-white narcissi are so easily grown for Christ- mas flower that the amateur should not neglect to start up a few bulbs of each. Pot the bulbs in August, placing three bulbs in a five-inch pot, and using soil as for the Dutch bulbs. Give one good watering and plunge the pots in a frame or in the cellar (where they can be covered with coal ashes). In about six weeks they will be thoroughly rooted and may be brought into the light. For the window garden there is nothing better than these two easily grown bulbs. If only a few pots are brought into the light at one time a longer season of bloom can be assured than if all the supply is started into growth at once. THE FATAL FROST It is very important that the place where the pots are plunged for rooting the bulbs is quite free from frost. The Roman hya- cinths are very sensitive to cold, and failure in their growth (as in the case of the Dutch hyacinth too) is more often due to frost reaching the bulbs than to all other cultural shortcomings combined. cE EVERGREENS Of Tested Hardiness | Dp acescouseeep ye that have withstood the severe cold of the last two winters and have been root-pruned and transplanted many times. We keep our imported stock in the nurseries several years and transplant at regular intervals, thus insuring strong stock that is sure to grow. We believe we have the finest speci- men trees in the country, which have been given the mest systematic care to make them symmet- rical and thrifty. Each tree is given 64 square feet of ground in growing. We discard all stunted and unsymmetrical trees. Our stock comprises the rarest European and Japanese varieties as well as the domestic, and is composed mainly of fine specimens in large and small sizes that will give immediate effect. We have an unequaled stock of COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE every one of which is a specimen—symmetrical, bushy and of the most exquisite blue. \. Spruces, Retinosporas Arborvitaes, Box Write for our little booklet containing illustrations of grounds that we have planted showing the results that can be obtained by planting tastefully. Ask also about prices. Pines, TELEPHONE 506 W. ORANGE Irvington & Boyden Aves., South Orange, INGE Landscape Architect and Nurseryman, Evergreens at Wholesale Send for our estimates before placing your contracts. We can guarantee delivery in perfect condition. We are large growers of all kinds of Hardy Trees, Plants, Fruits and Ornamentals. Roses, Vines, etc. W. & T. SMITH COMPANY - - - - - - - - - GENEVA, N. Y. Rhododendron Catawbiense (true species) as it grows in the high Carolina Mountains (Mt. Mitchell, 6,600 feet in the distance) THE NATIVE AMERICAN Rhododendrons, Catawbiense, Maximum and Punctatum are the Only Strictly Hardy ‘Rhododendrons Known or Grown in the Northern and New England States. HIGHLANDS NURSERY (arst year), 3,800 feet elevation in the Carolina Mts., the one Nursery in America growing American Plants exclusively, offers them in finest specimens, single or ‘‘ clumps.”’ ALL THE BEST HARDY BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS for American conditions are grown by us in immense quantities and the leading Estates and Nurseries supplied direct, often many car- loads in a shipment. Leucothoes, Andromedas, Azaleas, Kalmias, Galax and undercover shrubs in great variety. Our Salem, Mass., branch Nursery has grand specimens of Rhododendrons and other large Evergreens to offer. Write for catalogs and full information for August planting. HARLAN P. KELSEY, Proprietor - 6 Beacon Street, BOSTON, MASS. Success with Carnations depends upon proper supports. We now supply this new Carnation Support, made of galva- nized wire, to take the place of the old-fashioned insect-harboring, decaying, wooden supports. It means not only economy to private or market growers, but superior quality, greater quantity. Ready for delivery: Order Now. Prices THE IGOE CARNA-= TION SUPPORTS Two rings, per 100, $3.50 Two rings, per 500, 16.00 Three rings, per 100, 4.00 Three rings, per 500, 18.00 FOR YOUR ROSES: The Igoe Rose Stakes, gal- vanized wire, neat, strong, and will not rust. Made in all sizes, looped and straight. Prices as follows: MEDIUM LIGHT $0.75 $0.65 85 a Youalso need some Tying Wire which does not rot nor un- tie. No. 18, galvanized, 12 lbs. for 85c. No. 19, 12 lbs. for $1. The IGOE TOMATO AND LARGE PLANT SUP= PORTS mean a more abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and success of your heavily flowered plants, such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chrysan- themums, ete. Same style as Carnation Supports, but larger. $1.75 per dozen. $12.50 per 100. IGOE BROTHERS 226 North 9th Street Brocktyn, N. Y. Only fertilizer that will satisfy you Blatchford’s Plant Grower and Land Renovator Made by Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, IIl. Established at Leicester, England, in 1800 Arlington Tested Seeds Our 1905 catalogue tells allaboutthem. IT’S FREE. W.W. RAWSON &CO., Boston, Mass. GEORGE T. POWELL Consulting Horticulturist Equitable Building, 120 Broadway, New York Examinations made of land and locations for country homes. Information and instruction in Gardening Ornamental and Fruit tree planting, Lawn making and Poultry raising. I grow in quantity here in cold New The Flowers | 2nziana‘ are the best hardy garden sorts, the old reli- able kinds that everybody wants for the border or shady corner. Also the best hardy Ferns and Wild Flowers of New England suitable for cultivation. Illustrated catalogue sent on request. EDW. GILLETT, Southwick, Mass. THE BROCKTON DAHLIA FARM Was frozen up last year, but is thawed out this year, and is ready for business, with the finest collection of Dahlias in the United States. Send for Catalogue. W. P. LOTHROP, East Bridgewater, Mass. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE English Names of Some Common Conifers Abies balsamea Balsam fir Abies concolor ; White fir Abtes Nordmanniana Nordmann’s fir Araucarta excelsa Norfolk Island pine 5 : Cedrus Atlantica Mt. Atlas cedar ‘ Cedrus Deodara Deodar THE GARDEN | Cephalotaxus Fortunet Fortune’s cluster-flowered yew E Chameacy paris pisifera Retinospora (see page 26) |i) MAGAZINE Chameacyparts Lawsontana, } var. erecta viridis Dense Lawson’s cypress 5 : Chamecyparis spherotdea White cedar Chamecyparts thu yotdes White cedar Cryptomeria Faponica Japan cedar Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress Cupressus sempervirens, var. fastigiata Erect Roman cypress Funiperus Canadensis Canadian juniper Juniperus Canadensts, var. aurea Golden Canadian juniper Funtperus Chinensts Chinese juniper 5 Funtperus Chinensts, var. Garden Magazine prostrata Prostrate Chinese juniper ‘ Juniperus communis Common juniper al B d re communis, var. f emporary in er ran ya Solan: For holding copies until volume is complete and ready for Juniperus communis, Vat. Soke permanent binding. alba spica White-tipped juniper Black Cloth neatly stamped in gold. Made on an improved Juniperus communis, var. pattern. Price, 75 cents, prepaid. Douglas Golden Douglas’s golden juniper DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Juniperus communis, Var. a) 133-137 EAST 16th ST. NEW YORK Hibernica Irish juniper Juniperus communis, var. prostrata Dwarf juniper uniperus communis, Var. B d-L d E g J recurva squarrosa Drooping juniper toa cave aver reens Juniperus Faponica Japan juniper Gi waeamnles quali. Juniperus prostrata Carpet juniper Fine Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel, Juniperus recurva, var. ; Fiz Hardy Azaleas, etc. squamata Hardy drooping Indian juni- ms Speci Tr Funtperus Sabina Savin pecimen Evergreen rees Juniperus Sabina, var. tam- Pines, Cedars, Firs, Spruces, Hemlocks, Arborvi- ariscaefolia Tamarisk-leaved juniper taes, Retinosporas, etc., in endless variety. Juniperus Virgintana Red cedar Our landscape department will assist in planning your Juniperus Virgintana, var. grounds for planting if you send them a rcugh sketch and Barkadensis Barbadoesicedar Mm short description of the place. Guitare Wb vee COTTAGE GARDENS CO., Inc. glauca Glaucous red cedar QUEENS, L. I., NEW YORK Larix decidua European larch Larix lartcina Tamarack Libocedrus decurrens Incense cedar Picea alba White spruce Picea Canadensts White spruce Picea Engelmann Engelmann’s spruce ae Picea excelsa Norway spruce 5 Picea excelsa, var. inverta | Weeping Norway spruce Make Your Spare WERE (CURE Picea nigra Black spruce bygtalinesouy a | &g Pp ! Picea nigra, var. Doumettit Dense black spruce Correspondence OEESS ices ina Ie Servian Spruce : 2 aes i Sen me nes erek em Picea orientalis Oriental spruce Yer » \ Vegetable Gardening, Fruit Growing, Flori- Picea pungens Rocky Mountain spruce } cultures ands Oe pig Os Ce Picea pungens, var. glauca Colorado blue spruce a culture united Eo soos Massa Picea rubra Red spruce : cial. Normal and Academic departments. Pinus Austriaca Austrian pine NM Ty cise on a Lie inus Banksiana ray pine ZA) TIERED COIN Pinus Bungeana Lace-bark pine THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL, Pinus Cembra Swiss stone pine Dept. 68, Springfield, Mass. Pinus densiflora Japanese red pine : Pinus divaricata Gray pine Pinus montana Swiss mountain pine : Fe ee ea ees BEAUTIFY YOUR GROUNDS hus Mugho pine : ; Pinus ponderosa Yellow pine WyathiOurabin RStocigor Pinus resinosa Red pine TENDER BEDDING PLANTS AND Pinus rigida Pitch pine HARDY PERENNIALS Pinus Strobus ; White pine Send’ for Descriptive Catalogue ee Strobus, var. brevt Death eke ine Nathan Smith & Son, 82 W. Maumee St., Adrian, Mich. Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine Pinus Thunbergi apanese black pine ) Pseudotsuga Dean eae spruce ‘ Ellen Glasgow S Books Sctadopitys virticillata Umbrella pine The Deliverance. $1.50 Taxodium distichum Bald cypress The Voice of the People. $1.50 Taxodium distichum, var. The Battleground. $1.50 pendula Weeping bald cypress The Freeman and Other Poems. Net, $1.50. Taxus baccata Yew Postage, 5 cents Published by Taxus baccata, var. aurea Golden yew DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Taxus Canadensis Trailing yew THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 43 Japanese yew Dwarf yew Yellow cypress Taxus cuspidata Taxus tardiva Thuya gigantea, var. Lobbi Thuya occidentalis Arborvite Thuya occidentalis, var. globosa compacta Compact arborvite Thuya occidentalis, var. globosa Hovey: Hovey’s arborvite Thuya occidentalis, var. globosa Hudsonica Hudson’s dwarf arborvite Thuya occidentalis, var. globosa Reidi Dwarf green arborvite Thuya occidentalis, var. pyramidalis Tall arborvite Chinese arborvite Golden Chinese arborvite Thuya orientalis Thuya ortentalts, var. aurea Thuya ortentalis, var. com- pacta aurea Dwarf golden Chinese arbor- vite Thuya ortentalis, var. Rose- dale hybrid Rosedale hybrid arborvite Thuya orientalis, var. pyra- midalts Tall Chinese arborvite Hemlock Tsuga Canadensis Tsuga Canadensis, var. m1- crophylla Tsuga Canadensis, var. pen- dula Sargentt Dense growing hemlock Sargent’s weeping hemlock so TRAILERS Why Some City Wistarias Fail to Flower PERHAPS my experience with wistaria will interest Mr. Stearns (May Gar- DEN MAGAZINE, page 204), and it may help others. In 1880 I layered two shoots of a vine, which was then four years old. The next spring one of these new plants was set out in front of my house which faced east; the other was planted in the rear. The vine in front was trained over the second story with full eastern exposure—the other was trained over a low trellis or arbor about nine feet high, to make an extension to the kitchen porch; it was protected on all sides by buildings. This vine bloomed the fourth year and rarely failed of a profusion of flowers every spring after, but the one at the front of the house did not bloom till it was fifteen years old (1895), and up till 1902 only twice since has it given a few flowers. The original plant never bloomed. I found on examination that the cause of failure to bloom in the plant at the front of the house was that the buds were caught by late frost. The flower buds began to grow before the leaf buds, and were some- times a half-inch long before any leaves were to be seen, and at that time a very slight frost was sufficient to kill them. In Feb- ruary I cut back all dead wood, to the first live bud, and when blooming was done I trimmed it back just as far as I wished. Perhaps many wistaria vines, which are complained of as not flowering, really stand in need of protection from frost. Dayton, O. H. S. JEwerr, M. D. UPON} HAVING THE PERRIS Hage BAUSCH & LOMB PLASTIGMAT N the highest achieve- ment of the lens- maker’s art. Makes perfect pictures where others fail. When fitted with the Volute Shutter an ideal outfit for any camera. Specify Plastigmat and Volute when ordering your Camera. They are supplied on all makes. Catalog Free. Bausch & Lomb Opt. Co. Rochester, N. Y. New York, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco EVERGREENS ae Varieties ll Purposes ARGE sizes for immediate effect. Beautiful Blue Spruce, some grafted trees, brightest blue that can be produced. Picea Concolor, or Blue Fir, Abies Douglassi, Douglas Spruce. Large-sized American Arborvitae, Norway Spruce, White Spruce, etc. Cheaper evergreens for Windbreaks, Hedges and Forest planting. Pinus Strobus, White Pine, Scotch Pine, Austrian Pine and others. Nursery-grown Forest trees for large as well as small planters. Catalog and price-list free. De Perc shverereen’ specialist, DI UPNGDEE ee let 1c: Dormant Sod consists of g Tass For the ideal lawn Blatchford’s Genuine Lawns Ready- Made seed and manure in ‘wafer’ f rm. (Fertilizer and seed in one Es z = ae = | compact article.) Ne ou simply devel your ground, lay down the ‘ wafers,” Imported English Lawn Grass Seed water daily, and a beautiful permar a ta results, No uncertain seeding No weeds. Nowfuss! Write for b« | DORMANT SOD COMPANY, A Hand-Made Hat for the Garden | MEXICAN PALM LEAF HAT Address Blatchford’s Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, Il. 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago Established at Lzicester, England, in 1800 This hat is woven by hand by the Mexic ans BOOKER T.WASHINGTON’S of the interior, from high-grade palm fibre. BOOKS It is very durable, dc uble weave, yet f 2 light in weight; in natural colors Working with the Hands. Net, $1 -50. Postage, with prettily colo red design woven in the brim. Retails at $1.00, but sent prepaid for only 40 cents to intro- duce our large stocks fo) io Indian and 15 cents Character Building. Net, $1.50. Postage, 15 cents A | Mexican hand-made »ods. Same Up from Slavery. Net, $1.50. Postage, 15 cents | hat, but plain design, 30 cents. The Published b two for 66 cents. Large, medium, and small. Just the thing for easy the garden, porch, camp, or country home. Our beautiful 40-page catalogue mailed free with the above, or alone for 4 cents. THE FRANCIS E. LESTER CO., Dept. 54%, Mesilla Park, N. M. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY NOTICE: VILLAGE, CITY, PARK IMPROVEMENT SOCIETIES organization, And all outdoor art associations, with or without a regular will confer a favor on this magazine by sending their names and addresses to this office. We wish to keep the Secretary’s name on file and be able to com- Will you help us to make this list complete? NEW YORK CITY municate with him at any time. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133-137 East 16th Street, 44 Special Clocks for Country Houses THE WILLARD THIRTY-DAY TIME MOVEMENT Fully Guaranteed Mahogany with Cast Gilt Trimmings » "P°HIS clock was designed and made by Edw. K. Willard, a_ skiiled clock-maker of Lon- don, England, in 1801. Its beauty and practical worth at- tracted the attention of an American clock manufacturer named George Worthing- ton, who was in Lon- don at the time, and securing the patent rights £7 OM true United States, he introduced the Willard to the Amer- ican trade in 3812. We ure now man- ufacturing this clock in fimited num- bers for spe- cial trade. Ifnot obtain- able from your local jeweler, this clock will be sent cCare- fully packed —no charge for packing—direct from our factory on receipt of PRICE, $20.00 Be sure you get a THIRTY-DAY movement Height, 42% in. Width, 12% in. 8=-inch Silver Finished Dial We have some especially attractive new Mantel Mission clocks, of which we will send illustrations and prices on application THE NEW HAVEN CLOCK CO. Dept. L, NEW HAVEN, CONN. Sole Manufacturers TATTOO Intermittent Alarm Would it please you to have Freesias in | flower at Christmas? You can if you plant now. Enough for a pot, how to grow them, and my Little Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs (if you garden indoors or out you must have it), allfor 10c. Write to-day; it will pay. Henry Saxton Adams, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Japanese Bamboo Stakes DURABLE. Indispensable for tying Geraniums, Lilies, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Tomatoes, Dahlias, etc. 3 to 4 feet stakes, 100 for 75 cents; 1000 for $4.00 25 at 100 rate; 6 feet stakes, 100 for $1.00; 1000 for $6.00 250 at 1000 rate Address H. H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay St., New York THE GARDEN MAGAZINE [In this department we invite suggestions from amateurs con- cerning anything connected with the home garden. If you have worked out the ideas, so much the better. We offer a five-dollar bill for the best suggestion that comes to us each month. Address Suggestions Department, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York, N. Y.] The award of Five Dollars is made to Miss L. Greenlee, Garden City, N. C., for some valuable suggestions for the improve- ment of the seed-planting tables. We are planning to incorporate Miss Greenlee’s ideas | in the spring planting number next April. A Good Use for Tin Cans HE midsummer drought seldom affects our garden, and one reason for it is that we use perforated tin cans as a means of watering the plants. One is set in the ground near the root of each plant or hill. Thus far we have used them only for toma- toes, cucumbers, squash and eggplants, but there are other vegetables that would no doubt be benefited by the same treatment, especially peas and lettuce. This kind of watering is far better than simply wetting the surface of the soil with a watering pot, as that only brings the small rootlets to the surface, to suffer from succeeding dry weather. Any reasonable method of sending the water deeper is to be recommended, and for this reason the tall cans are better than the shallow ones. We made two mistakes in our first experiments; one was that we made only one hole in the bottom of the can and the water ran through too slowly—the bottom should be riddled with holes—the other was that we set the tops of the cans even with the surface of the soil and the rains and cultivation soon caused the soil to fall in and stop up the drainage. The top should be an inch or more above the soil level. We corrected these conditions later, and since then have found the can system a very satis- factory one. It is the best method of apply- ing soapy water from the laundry for tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables, being a much cleaner job than doing it with a watering can, besides giving more benefit to the plants, in proportion to the water carried. The cans will last more than one season. We have some experiments in view. Let- tuce thrives on the water treatment. Rad- ishes are improved by nitrate of soda, which can be dissolved in water, and beets are benefited by salt. We intend to plant a double row of each, with a can here and there between the rows, and administer the doses in that way, comparing them with rows of the same vegetable not so treated. Shal- low cans would probably be as good, or better, for beets and radishes. IM. A. New York. Pearline especially adapted to washing Ducks Linens Piques Lawns Madras Batistes Percales ‘Cheviots Ginghams Organdies and all other Wash Fabrics. FRANK NORRIS’S BOOKS The Responsibilities of the Novelist. $1.25. Postage, 12 cents A Deal in Wheat. $1.50 The Pit. $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 Net, The Octopus. A Man’s Woman. McTeague. $1.50 Blix. $1.25 Moran of the Lady Letty. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY $1.00 K FRUIT BOOK shows in NATURAL COLORS and accurately describes 216 varieties of fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. THant Department | A special low rate is made in this department for | the convenience of readers to advertise for a gardener, or for gardeners to offer their services. A position on a country WA N T E D farm, where a city boy, 17 years old, canearn his board and lodging this summer. Address A. H.Gleason, 133 E. 16th St., New York City. —E Gardeners: Register High-class men, with good records, can be obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, 14 Barclay Street, New York City. No fee. Competent Gardeners The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one, Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We haye been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 write to us. ! Cortlandt Street, New York City. Replanting Bulbs in August | Paes bulbs (tulip, crocus, narcissus and hyacinth) that bloom outdoors year after year should be replanted occasion- ally to get the best results. August is the time to do it, because the bulbs are then dormant. If replanting is delayed till fall, the bulbs will have made root growth which will necessarily be damaged by handling. H yacinths.—Vhese require to be taken up, dried and replanted every year. Prepare the spot that is to receive them in a place that is sunny yet sheltered, with good soil, well drained and dug more than a foot deep. Set the bulbs about six inches apart and deep enough so that there will be four inches or more of soil above the bulbs. A little sand placed around them will help the drain- age. The largest and heaviest hyacinth bulbs that have been in the ground for the season may be set aside to pot for cutting. The flowers will be three weeks earlier than the imported bulbs, though not as large. Plant them the first of September and treat as usual for potted bulbs, giving them a good soil. The best combination is leaf mold, turfy loam and well-decayed cow manure, an equal amount of each, with enough sand to make the mixture porous. Use pots of five inches or of smaller size, set the bulbs close and let their tops be level with the surface of the soil, which should be left loose, not pressed hard. Water well, and set in a dark, cool place for six weeks or more. When the pots are full of roots the plants are ready to start into growth. Tulips.—These will be all the better for replanting every year, but will give better returns a second season in the same spot than hyacinths will. Reset them in a deeply dug bed made rich with well-decayed manure; fresh, coarse manure is not good for them. Leaf mold and sand should be added if the soil is heavy. Place the bulbs five inches apart and three to five inches deep. An open, sunny spot agrees best with them. Crocus.—These form their new corms over the old ones, so must be taken up every three or four years to prevent their being too near the surface. An easy way to plant them is to make a trench three inches deep and set them three inches apart. They will flour- ish best in an open, sunny place. Narcissus.—These will become spindly, lose their strength and stop blooming unless replanted every three or four years. The soil should be the same as for hyacinths. If the bed is in partial shade, the flowers will last longer. Set the bulbs three inches deep and four or five inches apart. It is sometimes desirable to remove bulb- ous plants before their foliage has ripened, to make room for bedding plants. This can be done if they are very carefully handled. Tulips, especially, are brittle at this stage. A partially shady spot should be chosen, where they can be ‘‘heeled in” to stand until the foliage is thoroughly dry, then they can be taken up, dried, cleaned and stored in dry sand or paper bags in the cellar. A cool temperature is best for storing bulbs; one that is neither hot nor freezing cold. New York. I. M. A. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE WHEELOC FENCE, FLOWER TREE GUARD AND TRELLIS BED GUARD, Made of heavy galvanized wires. Send us name of your dealer if he does not keep them. WRIGHT WIRE CO., - - Catalogue. 69 Hammond Street, Worcester, Mass. SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP An improved FRUIT PICKER made of galvanized wire. A most useful and indispensable article for gathering fruit from the tree in good condition. Price, net, 35 cts.; add for handle, 8 feet, 20 cts., 10 feet, 25 cts. This is our special offering for August. A good WINE PRESS These have wrought iron screws and are used for pressing berries, grapes and other fruits. No. 1 cap, 2 gals., special price, $3.50 net. No. 2 cap, 5 gals., speczal price, 4.00 net. Send for leaflet illustrating our Cider Mill and larger size presses. Headquarters for all Implements and Machinery for Farm, Field and Garden J. S. WOODHOUSE, tg: and 195 Water Street, New York practical. included. ORCHIDS Your Own Electric Light Plant We have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes, camps, hotels, schools, launches, yachts, etc. So simple no electrician required. Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pumping water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAzINE who is likely to be interested our new 60-page Catalogue de- scribing over 130 different outfits. RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. Every detail included ; very best material ; absolutely Light all the Time, as storage battery Address Lighting Dept. E HAVE just secured a fine importation of orchids (Oncidium, Var. yellow, 2 to 22 inches in diameter, growing in long drooping panicles, 150 to 200 flowers on strong plants. Flowers are rich golden ‘Rogersi). This orchid blooms in winter, easy to cultivate in greenhouse, Greenhouse Window Garden and Home basket. PRICE, strong growing plants / $ ready tostart, if you answer \ this advertisement now Special | No. 1 / window garden or home. for selected, .00 each, prepaid Six for $5, twelve for $10 For 25 cents additional will send material for planting and Full directions for successful growing with every plant. SEND FOR our new Bulb CATALOGUE. The best grown plants of this species furnish orchid blooms at less than a penny an orchid. Bulbs planted in August and September give a pro= fusion of flowers for Christmas, H. H. BERGER & CO., 47 Barclay St., New York AG THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Large Luscious Berries Will Be the Result of Planting THIS SUMMER are renowned the country over for their excellence of quality. For their symmetry and beauty as well as for their vigor and health they are justly famous. You will find in our nurseries the finest specimen stock, from the dwarf Dreer’s Mid-Summer Catalogue Juniper and Columnar Arborvite to the stately Nordmann Fir and the exquisite Oriental Spruce. An unequalled stock of fine symmetrical, is now ready. Ittells all about the best varieties of Strawberries, also offers Green, Golden and Silver Retinosporas; bushy Norway and Hemlock Spruces . in perfection of health, Evergreen Hedges, and in fact some evergreen for Celery, Cabbage and other Vegetable Plants, Palms, Ferns and Decorative every purpose. Besides the domestic sorts, we have gathered from foreign Plants. Vegetable Seeds for planting during the Summer and Fall. Seeds countries the rarest varieties and acclimated them. of Old-fashioned Hardy Perennials and other Flowers for present sowing. To purchase evergreens without considering our stock would be to miss Lawn Mowers and Garden Requisites of all kinds. A copy will be mailed the greatest collection of the most well developed evergreens to be found in : : : . < : : 2 ; rite for it to-day. an American nursery. free to all applicants who mention this magazine. W y Send for our Hand Book containing descriptions, illustrations, sizes and pics HENRY A. DREER THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY, Philadelphia Office, 21 South 12th St. Glenwood Nurseries, Morrisville, Pa. 7G Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA, Pa. Le we have been working to | Our Extra Ryramild) Cones))3 2504 tenet has Bb = % Round or Bush form - - $2.00 each Bes: grow the best hardy Box | Special August Dwarf Box for edging, \ $6.00 per 100 | trees for Formal Gardens and isolated positions. Our (Offer of Fine Trees Sin. high, - $50.00 per 1,000 Special Offering this month is of this finest of all evergreens, Our new Fall Catalogue will describe all evergreens and other plants especially suitable for formal gardening. Send for it. CLUCAS & BODDINGTON, 131 West 23d Street, New York ready for immediate use. (Palisade Nunsenya SpackilliNe vo) the cream of our stock carefully grown, closely clipped and CLUCAS & BODDINGTON 131 W. 23d St., New York Enclosedifind\ pes enn for which send me the following (f.o.b. Sparkill, N. Y.): Pyramid Cones (3% to 4 ft.) at $5.00 - - - §$ Round or Bush Form GEA) BS) eo eC Dwarf Box for edging § at $6 per 1co,$ (8 inches high) - lat $50 per 1000, Yours truly, Name Address. pee view a home of Mr. J. O. Given eae Writer and nes Humboldt, Nebr. Mr. Shroyer writes us as follows: by express at once, and oblige. trees and always arrive in the best of condition. “ToT Gonils oF Mr. R. H. Hane Peace Dale, R. I. With his order to us for Evergreens last year, Mr. Hazard writes as follows: ‘‘Your Hemlock Hedge furnished us some years ago is so fine that all my neighbors wish they had known your address sooner.” (See price list next column.) Home of M Mr. Elijah Bowman, ne Mich. A few dollars’ worth of Am. Arbor Vite made these trimmed specimens, and double this hedge. Mrs. Sarah E. Phillips’ A. Vite Hedge, Savannah, Mo. 200 Am. A. Vite, planted 8 yrs. ago. Herson writes: “‘It is the envy of all our neighbors.”’ Your prices are as low as anyone could ask. Evergreens to plant a grove such as | have from your Nurseries, I am, Yours truly. J. O. SHROYER. ” UR EVERGREENS 35,","q state of the United States. We ship anywhere, because we pack scientifically. Shipments for summer planting are preferably made by express, unless to nearby states All the trees shown in the reproduced photographs on this page are from these nurseries, and the photos procured for us by the owners of the trees. ARBOR VIT, American—7. occidentalis. EACH 10 100 1000 Transplanted, 4to 8inch U5 20 1 50 10 00 8to 12inch 06 : 2 50 18 00 S 12to 18inch 10 3.50 25 00 fe 18to24inch 15 5 00 40 00 ARBOR VIT&, Chinese A. V.—Biota Orientalis. Seedlings, 2yr.4to 8 in. 05 25 i 12 00 3ALSAM FIR—AbDies balsamea. Transplanted, 4to 8inch 05 20 10 00 8tol2inch (8 30 15 00 a 12to18inch 10 50 30 OU Gs 1Wto24inch 15 1 00 5d 00 PINE, Austrian—Pinus Austriaca. Transplanted, 4 to 8inch 06 50 30 900 8tol2inch (C8 60 5 40 00 Seediings, 3to 6inch 08 £0 5 10 00 PINE, Scotch— Pinus Sylvestris. Transplanted, 8 to12inch 08 60 0 35 (0 Seedlings, 4to 6inch 05 60 : 8 00 59 6to 8inch 08 50 10 00 PINE, White— Pinus Strobus. Transplanted, 4to 6inch O04 25 2 18 00 6to 8inch 06 40 50 30 09 se 8 to 12inch 10 65 D 40 00 SPRUCE, Englemann’s—A. Englemanni. Transpianted, arto 8inch 10 60 5 8tol2inch 15 1 00 8 SPRUCE, Hemlock— Abies Canadensis. Transplanted, 4to S8inch 05 30 8to12inch 15 65 fs 12to18inch 20 1 SPRUCE, Norway— Abies excelsa. Transplanted, 8to12inch 08 oP 12 to18inch 10 s 18to24inch 15 Seedlings, 2to 4inch ne 4to 6inch 8 to 12 inch SPRUCE, White—Abies alba. Transplanted. 8to12inch 10 12to 18 inch 15 UMMER PLANTING. “bite,we O are perhaps not quoted extensively on “summer planting” of Evergreens, we have doubtless had more than the ordinary experience in that line. Last summer we planted nearly half amillion Evergreens of the standard varieties listed above. We offer in the brief price list given here, only such varieties as we have learned from experience to be among the very best. We havea more extensive list that will be sent on request. Our Evergreens may be planted successfully in Aug., Sept. and Oct., but the earlier the better. We advise order- ing right now, and from the above list. Satisfaction assured. Shipping seasons, Summer, Fall, Spring EVERGREEN NURSERY CO. Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. ‘‘Humboldt, Neb., Mar. 20, 1905.—Evergreen Nursery Co., Sturgeon Bay. Wis.—Please send the following order to me I have bought trees of you for a number of years, and have had the best of success in getting them to grow, as they are fine Wishing you might reach every Nebraska home with enough Farm Home of John Fellow, Windfall, Ind. 100 of our Nor. Spruce, 10 ft. apart made this screen at irifling cost. (They were bought of us.) Eee - Seeks. McAndrew’ s (Guee Pines, etc., Max, lowa. He writes, ‘‘I have one of the nicest Evergreen groves in this part of the state, from trees that I bought of your Nursery.” (See price list here.) Oluf Johnson’s Windbreak and Hedge, Rio, Wis. May 15, '05, he writes, ‘‘The Evergreens and all other trees I bought of you are fine and a constant pleasure, and the admiration of all who see them.’ MENNENS + BORATED TALCUM iy Following the Hounds Riding or driving, Wind, Dust and the Sun’s Heat are a continual source of irrita- tion to delicate skin: but you can always find immediate relief in MENNEN’S Borated Talcum Toilet Powder Nothing is so cooling and soothing to a parched skin, nothing so quickly relieves PRICKLY HEAT, CHAFING, SUNBURN and all other skin troubles of summer. MENNEN’S Borated Talcum TOILET POWDER is unequalled. After bathing and after shaving it is delightful, and is indispensable for old and young. NOT ON OUR PACKAGE, BUT ON OUR POW. DER, WE HAVE BUILT OUR NATIONAL REPU- TATION. See that you get the original. Avoid ordinary powders, highly scented with cheap perfume, and put up in ornamental packages. The price of great success is a host of imitators. Don’t be misled by the ‘unscrupu- lous dealer who says “ just as good.” MENNEN’S is sold everywhere or by mail, 25c. Sample Free. Gerhard Mennen Company 76 Orange Street, Newark, N. J. Try MENNEN’S VIOLET TALCUM THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS. NEW YORK 7” SEPTEMB ER Forcing Christmas Flowers with Ether The Canning and Preserving Problem 1 () c . Planting the Popular Peony and Hydrangea September Suggestions $1.00 a Year COVNTRY LIFE 88% = DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO THE WORLDS “IN AMERICA- | 1351358137 EAST 16TH ST-NEW YORK > WORK - Che Pleasures of a Coldframe EW people realize the pleasures and possibilities of a Coldframe, how small its cost, how inexpensive its maintenance and the FE large return in fresh vegetables that can be had during the winter months, Take for example Lettuce. Lettuce matures in eighty days from sowing seed. For a continuous supply, successional sowings are made in Coldframes from September ist. Lettuce sown the first of September will mature about the middle of November, and by planting two varieties, an early and a late, this would give salads until the middle of December. Spinach, Radishes, and other vegetables can be enjoyed during the winter in this way, and all sorts of flower seeds can be started for planting out early next spring, thus having flowers several weeks earlier next spring and summer. Indeed, you can have Pansies by the bushel for Easter. By having a Coldframe, you really enjoy the pleasures of a garden during the winter months. Coldframes take so little room that it is possible for every person to have them. If you have a greenhouse you can increase its capacity during the winter by starting the seeds in a Coldframe and then transplanting to the greenhouse later. The regulation Coldframe measures three by six feet and will accommodate four rows of lettuce one way and seven the other, 28 plants in all, and will yield sufficient for a family of six for fourteen days, that is, two heads a day. We manufacture Coldframes in all sizes, and can make immediate deliveries. Write for special Hot- bed and Coldframe pamphlet, containing prices and full description. We also manufacture conservatories and greenhouses for private estates and public parks, and small greenhouses for amateur gardeners ranging in price from $300 up. Also, heating and ventilating ap- paratus and greenhouse material of all kinds. is hel Garrietisgune for complete catalogue and estimates address The frames have been used for the winter growing of Lettuce and Violets BURNHAWMI-HITCHINGS-PIERSON COMPANY, 1133 Broadway, New York City NDORRAS HARDY sPHLOX Will give bloom from June until frost ‘Tis glorious family of hardy perennials is, perhaps, the most widely known and popular of all the various plants which we have in our gardens, and each year finds the newer and showier varieties increasing through the hybridizer’s skill. Certainly, no perennial is more worthy of culture, more satis- factory in every situation, or more effective either as individual plants or grouped in masses in the shrubbery beds. All of the Phloxes are well adapted for cutting and are exceedingly floriferous. Every shoot is topped with a heavy pyramidal cluster. From the time the plants begin to bloom, the garden borders can be kept aflame with great cone-flowers of brilliant colors, and they fill in the season when other flowers are scarce. We offer 30,000 plants in over forty varieties. SIP CIONIE, O) Je IRIE IR ; doz. Field Grown Plants, - = : - ‘ SO ae 160 Ask for “‘ Booklet Phlox”? ANDORRA NURSERIES R ° . e MAGEE Sew ths Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Over 350 Acres Planted with Specimen Trees and Shrubs : The peta ed WES RDER PLANT AT PHLOX AS A BO ANDORRA | | SEPTEMBER, 1905 A Wild Garden } With charming wild Ferns, Orchids, Arbutus, Trilliums and the wild flowers of woodland and meadow will bring rare delight to your grounds. AUTUMN is a good time to put them out. A large part of my nursery is given over to the growing of the best ferns, orchids and wild flowers taken from nature, best suited for cultivation. Grown in cold New England they are per- fectly hardy. I have made a dainty little booklet of 50 pages entitled “ Gillett’s Hardy Ferns and Flowers,” containing descriptions and directions for cultivation which willinterest you. It also tells something of hardy peren- nials for the old-fashioned flower garden. It will be gladly sent to you on request EDW. GILLETT Southwick Nurseries SOUTHWICK, MASS. Iron Railings, Wire Fences, Entrance Gates E MAKE and erect Iron and Wire Fences of all kinds for | lawns, gardens, stock paddocks. dog kennels, Arbors for vines and fruit trees, Garden Arches, Plant “Supporters, Tree Guards, Unclimable Netting Fences, etc., also Wrought Iron Railings and Gates of all kinds for country places. Write for catalogue No. 29. ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS Office and Show Rooms: 15 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY @Lamps, Lanterns and Lighting Fix- tures; Gates, Grilles, ences.) Fine-place Furnishings and other Work in Metal —all wrought by hand. @ Illustrated matter will be S Baa | promptly mailed upon re- ELECTRIC i i AR quest. Mention the things No. 10612 in which you are most in- EACH, $6. PAIR, ae terested. THE WILLIAM BAYLEY CO. || 1146 NORTH STREET, SPRINGFIELD, O. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A Perfect Tool Gabinet A cabinet of well assorted tools should have a place in every home. Occasions arise daily when the right tool at the right time will save much trouble and inconvenience. A door sticks—a window gets out of order—a shade falls—a dozen things can happen that can be instantly fixed if you havea KEEN KUTTER TOOL CABINET which is beyond doubt the perfect tool cabinet. It contains every tool necessary for general use, and every single tool is guaranteed to be a perfect tool. It is the only cabinet in which all the tools are strictly high grade, every one being guaranteed by the same trade mark. Every tool in the Keen Kutter Cabinet is a Keen Kutter, bears the Keen Kutter trade- mark and is made under the Keen Kutter motto—”The Recolle ction of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten.” The mark and motto that for 36 years has identified a tool as standard and which covers a complete line of tools. The Keen Kutter Line of Tools was awarded the Grand Prize at the World’s Fair, St. Louis, Mo. No other line of Tools can show a similar reward. Keen Kutter Tool Cabinets and Keen| Kutter Tools are for sale by siIMM all first class dealers. It will pay you to write for a copy of our Cc. ONS handsome book on Keen Kutter Tools. It’s a book every user \ of tools will find useful as a permanent reference. We will mail youa copy FREE. SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPARY, St. Louis, Mo. 298 Broadway, New York City. KU ITER Tulips, double mixed, per dozen, 25c.; single mixed, per dozen, 20c.; Crocus, mixed, per dozen, 15c.; Iris, mixed, per dozen, 15¢.; a set of four Rambler Roses, white, pink, crimson and yellow, hardy plants, prepaid for 75c.; a set of four Hyacinths, white, crimson, pink and blue, sent prepaid for only 35c.; Dutch Roman Hyacinths, per dozen, mixed, only 4oc.; 300 kinds of choice flower seeds for only 5c. Grass Seeds Our Specialty owa Seeds and Bulbs Address to F. C. GRAVES SEED COMPANY, DES MOINES, IOWAY 52 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 For the Conservatory and Greenhouse Seeds, Plants, and Cuttings for Winter Forcing BODDINGTON’S BULBS BLOOM The Columbia Collection—Five Hundred Bulbs for Five Dollars (If you say where you saw this advertisement) The following collection of bulbs contains exclusively the most showy and easily cultivated varieties— (all selected, first size and well ripened bulbs) part of which can be potted for the conservatory or window, and the balance may be planted in the garden or border for early spring flowers, and will insure the finest possible display. 12 Dutch Hyacinths to name 12 Single Yellow Tulips 50 Snowdrops 1s Dutch Hyacinths to color 25 Double Tulips mixed 25 Anemones 12 Double White Narcissus 25 Single Tulips mixed 25 Sweetscented Jonquils 12 Pleasant Eye Narcissus so Yellow Crocus 26 Freesias (for indoors only) 12 Double Yellow Daffodils 50 Blue Crocus 25 Spanish Iris. 12 Single Red Tulips 50 White Crocus 25 Ixias (for indoors only) 12 Single White Tulips 25 Mixed Crocus Or I will supply one-half this splendid collection, 250 bulbs, for $2.75 My ‘‘BULB CATALOGUE,” beautifully illustrated—containing a full descriptive list of QUALITY BULBS for forcing or planting out, with full cultural directions, free on application. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, 342 WEST FOURTEENTH S@REET TRUMPET NARCISSUS (Hor sfieldtt) Seed and Bulb Merchant NEW YORK CITY wet CHRISTMAS HOUSE FLOWERS Order immediately and you may plant for a profusion of flowers indoors at Christmas time, or put the bulbs into the ground for spring flowers from Easter to June. ‘f= OUR SUPERB DOLLAR COLLECTION PURE SHEEP MANURE A rich natural fertilizer, immediate and lasting in its effect. Unequalled for mixing with the soil for GREENHOUSE AND INDOOR PLANTS Try it on your late garden crops. Especially good in the vegetable garden, promoting a steady rapid growth. 10 Ibs., 35e. 50 Ibs., $1.00 100 Ibs., $1.50 Per Ton, $25.00 CAIRNSMUIR FARM . - New City, N. Y. Prepaid of 50 large bulbs (more satisfactory than hundreds of small bulbs usually Special Offered at low prices). Offering these prepaid, saving you large express wis charges, at the low collection price is to attract inquiries for our Autumn only. Catalogue. Directions tor growing successfully with every package. 2 Chinese Sacred Lilies 2 White Calla 4 Early Roman Hyacinths; white, blue, rose, red 2 Lilium Harrisii 4 Dutch Hyacinths; white, blue, rose, red 10 Freesias, white 4 Paper White Narcissus 6 Allium Neapolitanum, white 4 Golden Trumpet Narcissus 12 Oxalis, four colors; white, rose, yellow, lavender Half of the collection for 60c. Six times the number for $5. OUR FALL CATALOGUE FREE ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of OrcHIDs in the United States LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers. SUMMIT, N. J. Carnation Support aaa 9 iS SiEsEEDNS $25,000.00 made pane made of galvanized wire, to take the place of the old- B { R P Ek, Eg ( i \ SEN( half acre. LKasily | fashioned insect-harboring, decaying, wooden supports. GROW oar an Garden a It means not only economy to private or market Handsome catalog, containing beautiful colored prints, directly m. Roots an growers, but superior quality, greater quantity. hotographed from nature, mailed FREE on request. seeds for sale, Send 4c. for postage and get Bocce D.F., telling all W. ATLEE BURPEE, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa about it. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, JOPLIN, MO. READY FOR DELIVERY: ORDER NOW. og Re | PRICES The Igoe Carnation Supports Order now for November shipment WEED KILLER Two rings, per 100 . $3.50 $5.00 WILL PAY FOR A soluble powder readily Two rings, per 500 +. 16.00 Threerings,perico . 4.00 : Three rings, per 500 . 18.00 a KILLER . . ae to Bah of te Wil Bank, Gtesion | MESURE ayy ical and. applied for filing 12 Bulbs of the Silver Collection ar ay me” —Sweeds in walks, paths, etc., without staining or disturbing GLADIOLI You also need some Tying Wire which does not rot nor untie. No. 15, galvanized, 12 lbs. for 85c. No. 19, 12 lbs. for fr. 12 Bulbs of the Diamond Collection consisting of twelve Gladioli of all the colors of the | the gravel. We have sold it for a number of years The IGOE TOMATO AND LARGE rainbow, including the empress of them all **Virginia’’ | ff ll PLANT SUPPORT the most rare and beautiful of this flower. On all | and can guarantee it will do the work effectually. S mean a more orders received prior to November 15th I will ship Mpaoeae abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior 136 bulbs of the above varieties, charges prepaid. on Large size tin, Seperate path 75 cts. each. quality, and more beauty and success of receipt of $5.00. Having sold all my stock unplanted, . 0 your heavily flowered plants, such as Pe- u will pe unable to ship on fae eh oriers until ia C Special prices to Cemeteries and buyers in large quantities. Full onies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chrysan- arvesting o vs seasons planting. rder now for . . . . = ( next season's wants and secure the choicest selections. directions with each tin s Bee themums, etc. Sere style as Carnation ) upports, but larger. $1.75 per dozen. $12.50 per 100. STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN | VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE Proprietor Willow Bank Nurseries, Newark, Wayne County, New York | 84-86 Randolph St., CHICAGO 14 Barclay St., NEW YORK IGOE BROTHERS, 228 North 9th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. a he cw vclovedia OF American Horticulture (A new and enlarged edition of the work formerly published in four volumes by The Macmillan Company ) ITNT EE EE EI AT SSUES Te PI ——E——EE——E is Now 1n process of publica- tion, and will soon be ready for delivery. In the mean- | » ] time special inducements a mlb gre 6 N || are offered to “ Before-Pub- Lee Oe lication” subscribers. Write for full particulars. Every man cr woman who cares for outdoor mat- ters actually needs this Peacdia. It el ie Ae one great authority, containing in its six great quarto volumes 2,100 pages of: > = ~~ 1. Descriptions, alphabetically arranged, of all—over a thousand—of the native trees, plants and flowers worth cultivating, with keys enabling you to name any species as well as to find out all about it. 2. Fullest cultural instructions for every flower, fruit and vegetable, trees and ornamental plants you may want to grow. 3. Hundreds of elaborate articles on such subjects as the tools necessary for all sorts of work in the ground, railroad gardening, spraying, thinning, transplanting, and so on. 4. Over 4,357 articles in all, by 450 expert writers, occupying about 2,100 pages and covering 24,434 plant names. 5. 2,800 detailed illustrations, enormously increasing the ease of identifica- tion to the amateur, and 146 beautiful full-page plates. 6. An inexhaustible mine of information. from practical cultivators on culture, marketing, localities, and the horticultural capabilities of each State and section. Mnacane ED) ‘inanenca GB) wor DOVBLEDAY PAGE « CO: NEW YORK THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 JAPANESE TREE Peonies @l We have the finest collection of these |andsome plants that were ever imported. They should be grown in every garden; the flowers measure 6 to eight inches in diameter, and range in color from the most delicate pink to the brightest scarlet, lavender, maroon, pure white and delicate lavender. They are very hardy and will stand our severest winters. Per Dozen, $12.00. Collection, 20 varieties, $18.00 Delivered free anywhere in the United States Hardy Herbaceous Peonies Price each, $1.25. USE THIS ORDER BLANK In 12 varieties, large clumps that if planted this fall will flower next spring, 60 cents each. STUMPP & WALTER CO. 50 Barclay Street, New York. $6.00 per dozen Small roots that with proper cultivation should flower next year, in collections of 12 named varieties, 25 cents each. $2.75 per dozen Delibered free anywhere in the United States Our illustrated catalogue of Flower and Grass Seeds, Bulbs, Plants and Implements, also giving full descriptions of varieties of Peonies listed above, mailed free. STUMPP & WALTER CO. 50 Barclay Street, NEW YORK Enclosed find $.................. Please send me Japanese Tree Peonies. Hardy Herbaceous Peonies. meee ee SIEBRECHT’S PEONIES bloom the first season. Order now for September planting. Select at the same time your other stock for Fall planting from our fine catalogue ‘‘ BEAUTIFYING COUNTRY GROUNDS.”’ It’s yours on request. | SIEBRECHT & SON, Rose Hill Nurseries, New Rochelle, N Y. New York Office, 425 sth Ave. AWOKE OTL IK SIE NOUNS ILA TONY HARDY PERENNIAL PHL summer blooming there is no other hardy flower so attractive and has such diversity of color as HARDY PERENNIAL PHLOX Our prize collection (several acres in extent) con- sists of the newest and best standard sorts to date. To those unable to visit our Nurseries and see the mass of colors they represent when growing we will send a box carefully packed, by express, prepaid, containing cut blooms of at least 25 varieties correctly named, to select from on receipt of 12 2-cent postage stamps to part ine, pay cost of transportation. often Magazine, DAHLIAS Another of our specialties, can be selected in the Same Manner. BONORA NATURE’S NEW PLANT FOOD Simply marvellous in its results. Gives new life to all growing plants. Use BONORA now on all “Catch crops” and force them to a strong, healthy maturity before cold weather sets in. Use BONORA now on SUN BAKED LAWNS and produce a vigorous new growth. Use BONORA now on all flowering plants and in- crease the number and size of the blossoms. BONORA is a highly concentrated (must be diluted with 100 parts water for use) fertilizer and plant food, containing the elements neces- sary to plant life. BONORA, being without odor, is the ov/y fertilizer to use for indoor and greenhouse work. BONORA is used on the Capitol Grounds at Washington, in all the Parks of Greater New York and on many of the finest country estates throughout the United States. Sold in 1, 2, 5 and Io gal. kegs, at $2 per gal. Send orders to New York office. Results guaranteed. Laboratory and Factory, Kearney, N. J. BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 584 Broadway, - New York City PULVERIZED SHEEP MANURE One barrel of Dormant Sod Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is equal in fertilizing strength—will go further and is more satisfactory—than two wagon loads of barnyard manure for gar- den and lawn. No waste, no odor, no refuse to blow about or rake up. Fall and Spring are best times to put down Sheep Manure and get results desired. Full barrel Pulverized Sheep Manure deliv- ered, freight prepaidto any pointinthe U.S. east of Denver 4.00. Remittance must accompany order. Write for quantity prices and booklet. Dormant Sod Co. 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Temporary Binders for The Garden Magazine We have made a temporary binder of black cloth neatly stamped in gold for keeping the magazine together until the present volume is complete anda permanent binding is effected. Price, 75 cents, prepaid. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133-137 E. 16th St., New York profits. Work is light. Hundreds of dollars can be made in your back yard. Fall best planting time. Send for free illustrated booklet. Empress Ginseng Gardens, Box 755, La Grange, Ill. SEPTEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE About the October Double Planting Number XPERIENCE has taught us that, at certain seasons of the year, a number devoted largely to a single subject has great value and usefulness. The Spring Planting Number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, pub- lished in April, was vastly successful, and copies were practically unobtainable imme- diately after publication. A second success- ful number was the Evergreen Issue of August, which covered with such thorough- ness as a single number could the selection, care and planting of evergreens. The October number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE will be a double number devoted to the tall planting of fruits, trees, shrubs, vines, hardy perennials and bulbs. Every year a cry goes up for a full, fair and expert statement of the fall-planting problem. The American people spend about $2,000,000 every autumn on bulbs alone, and probably several millions more on other plants. While the movement is growing (since the advan- tages of fall planting are often very great), there has been a good deal of disappointment and loss from planting peaches, evergreens, roses, and other plants under unsuitable TST ES EST THE GARDEN | MAGAZINE Permanent Binding WSS AG Se numbers of The Garden Magazine. THE GARDEN ae = ew oS ae THE BEAUTIFUL THREE-COLOR COVER FOR OCTOBER circumstances. ‘We propose to tell fully and frankly what cannot be planted in the autumn and why. Experts, in all parts of the coun- try, will show what can be surely gained and what is too risky. We believe that this number will establish a high-water mark in the literature of Amer- ican gardening. From the three-color cover, which represents six months of effort, to the little article which tells how to ‘‘fool the frost”? and extend the garden season from two to six weeks, every article is designed to be better than anything we have ever done. The bulb articles, alone, set a new standard, and the elaborate series of pic- tures show these plants in all their stages of growth. ‘This special issue will be 25 cents, but it and the other special numbers will be included in a year’s subscription for $r. We will send for 75 cents a temporary bind- ing case in which to preserve the numbers as they come out. These must not be confused with the bound volume case, which can be used by a local binder to bind the volume in permanent form. The permanent binding case is 50 cents, postpaid. Bind Volume I. of The Garden Magazine FEBRUARY TO JULY, INCLUSIVE Price, 50 cents. Hammond’s Slug Shot for Cabbage Worms, POMALOPBUGS, CATERPILLARS, ELC. CABBAGE WORMS The Cabbage Worm has spread wherever cabbage is grown. cabbage or late cabbage, in garden or field, it perforates the plant, and is of ail worms one of the most disgusting, to find hidden away in the folds of the leaf. Whether early A veritable encyclopedia of gardening may be begun at a nominal expenditure by binding the first six This will be the best way to preserve these copies. We have made an attractive permanent cloth binding, gold stamped, which we will supply for your | local binder to stitch on. Or, if the six copies of the magazine are returned to us by express, prepaid, we will return the volume neatly bound. Our charge for the binder and the work is 75 cents. Back numbers will be supplied by us for 10 cents each, excepting the first (February) number, which unfortunately is entirely out of print. However, we have already bound a number of complete volumes, the price of which is $1.35 each. Any copies of the incomplete file of Volume I. which are returned to us prepaid (with no duplicate numbers) will be credited on this bill at 10 cents each. Index for Volume I. sent free on request to those who bind their own volume. In returning copies mark your name and address plainly on the package. | DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133- Inclosed find $.....-.-..... for which please fill my order as follows: Or 137 East 16th St., New York. (note credit for copies returned), Cross ( One Permanent Cloth Binding, plus postage, I2c, $0.50 out One Volume I., bound, complete, plus postage, 32c, lines ~ 1.35 not One Volume I., bound with copies returned to you needed to-day, plus postage, 32c, . -75 If you want cabbage free from worms, use Hammond’s Slug Shot. DRAKE’S GARDEN, East Brookfield, Mass., Jan. 14, 1905. We have used Slug Shot and always found it very useful. Our potato crop yielded 200 bushels to the acre. Slug Shot for Cabbage Worms is the best defense in the world. Very truly, Sold by Seed Dealers and Merchants all over America y SOLUTION OF COPPER” “BORDEAUX MIXTURE” “CATTLE COMFORT” Send for pamphlet to B. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N.Y. Sold in large or small lots F. A. DRAKE. Please credit me 10 cents each for copies for returned to-day, and apply on $1.35 order. SYOULS LU Yes nein wwe ein ninni=mienininie nis = wl= wie esleieecisienamvinnvceseesce URGE Ho Sb BEDE OGDOOUOD Gu pb Ose Cane Conon BCHORMUC ano Da SrcHanee Or 5G THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Guewwmamn, LOS OR twenty-five years we have been urging the many advantages of gardening with Hardy Plants, and now that these advantages are prettv gener- F ally recognized we wish to call attention to some of the better varieties which are not well known. Everybody knows about the good qualities of Paeonies, Phloxes, and Hollyhocks, but there are scores of plants equally as good which are comparatively unknown. Among the best of these are the superb English Delphiniums. Tall, stately and picturesque in habit, they produce immense spikes of flowers of every imaginable shade of blue for a very long season during the summer. | The colors are often combined with various shades of bronze, sometimes with white eyes, and the range of colors includes plums, purples, white, and primrose yellow. The flower spikes are sometimes two feet in length, and the variety and combination coloring is lovely beyond description. The plants range from three to seven feet in height and will thrive in any soil except in a very light and sandy one, and even in this if it is liberally enriched with well-rotted cow manure. We have the best and the only good collection of English Delphiniums in America. They are grown from the finest collections in England. 0 Fine mixed English, - - - - - $1.50 per dozen, $10.00 per 100 Special Offer of f English, in separate colors, - - < 2.00 2 13.00 fs Selected varieties, selected from thousands of seed- lings grown from a famous named collection, - 3.00 20.00 Improved English Delphiniums | gx eer taris ee nese chen, 3.00 White varieties, - 1.00 We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Paeonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Paeonies, including extra large specimens, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, and Shrubs will be sent on request. “A Plea for Hardy Plants,’’ by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrange- ment. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request. ERYCOS | 5 BURG, PA r a VoL. II.—No. 2 PUBLISHED MONTHLY SEPTEMBER, 1905 § ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS a Copy PAGE The Gardener’s Reminder . F : 5 87/ How to Have Flowers Earlier Next Spring James T. Scott 58 Cucumbers and Melons for Summer Use E.L. Fullerton 61 Ether Forcing without a Greenhouse Flora L. Marble 64 Wilhelm Miller, Editor COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE « COMPANY. Cover design by Henry Troth Contents Hardy Hydrangeas for Summer Flowers John Dunbar 66 PAGE Saving the Garden’s Surplus Edith L. Fullerton 69 The Peony Month . J. Eliot Coit 72 Cornflowers That Lived Outdoors All Winter (Photograph by the author) R.A. Mason 75 PAGE August Sown Lettuce That Broke the Record VG SA Seca: How to Get Pansies Blooming in March Flora Lewis Marble 76 Thousand Bulbs for School Stella S. McKee 80 ER Velt= 132 . H. Heaton 84 A Hundred Children The Borers Are Active A Hydrangea That Climbs . Doubleday, Page § Company, 133-137 East 16th St., New York ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER, JANUARY 12, 1905, AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N.Y., UNDER THE ACT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 3, 1879 A Month of Harvest | a time to sit down and enjoy the results of one’s spring and summer work. The tree fruits are ready to eat and to can. So are the main crop vegetables. It is cider time, too. Resolve to begin earlier next year. Begin “now! Plant out a few more apples and pears, another row of currants or goose- berries. But don’t do either on wet land. THE OUTPOST OF WINTER About the middle of the month the first frosts are due. Stretching cheesecloth over the tender plants of the flower garden will often save them for the Indian summer. It’s worth trying. Coleus, cannas and dahlias are specially sensitive, and if they overcome the first cold snaps may yet flourish all through October. VEGETABLES FOR SEPTEMBER SOWING It is well worth while to make a few sow- ings for late crops. Even if they don’t all mature, what’s the odds? Seeds are cheap, and if the crops are a success, what satisfaction is yours! During the month sow: Cabbage, to winter young plants for next spring. Cauliflower, to winter young plants for next spring. Chicory. Chervil. Corn salad, for wintering outdoors. Endive. Lettuce, once. Turnips, before the 15th. Radish, twice. Spinach, in frames for Christmas, about September rst. Lettuce will be fit for use in October and later. Or sow in coldframes and _ follow with spinach as the lettuce is gathered. Cabbage and cauliflower sown in frames now will give stronger and sturdier plants for early planting next year: far better than from spring-sown seed in heat. IF YOU HAVE A GREENHOUSE Overhaul and put every part in good con- dition before the end of the month. Repair broken glass. Paint the woodwork. Fix leaks in pipes. Get ready to turn on the heat at any time. Get in a supply of tobacco stems for winter use against insects. Why not try to raise a few vegetables to follow the garden crops? Beans sown just after the middle of the month will be ready in seven weeks. Beans are easy to grow. Give good, moist soil and it need not be watered again until the plants are well above ground. Sow cyclamen and cineraria about Septem- ber 15th, and keep them coo] during the daytime. Take “stock” cuttings of tender bedding plants that you want in quantity next year. Propagate from these in spring. SAVE THE VEGETABLES At the first touch of frost gather all the remaining fruit from the tomato and egg- plants. They will ripen in a dry cellar. Beans will yield longer if the pods are gathered regularly. Gently pull up the poles support- ing the limas and lay them down in the rows—vines and all. Gather the pods while still green, and put some covering material alongside the rows ready to put over the vines on frosty nights. ; Lift some parsley roots from the border, and replant in the coldframe for winter sup- ply. Earth up celery. Don’t let frost injure winter squash. Dig potatoes. Transplant lettuce to hotbeds or coldframe. Plant out hardy perennial onions for bunching in spring. Cultivate. Keep down weeds. A BUSY TIME IN THE BORDER The Dutch bulbs are ready in the early part of the month, so get the dealers’ catalogues. By all means plant peonies. They simply must be planted in September if they are to flower next June. Fill up gaps among the perennials by moving or dividing large clumps of peony, phlox, monarda, Funkia, rudbeckia. Buy extra plants from the nurseries and cet them well rooted before winter sets in. Sow flower seeds indoors for the winter window garden; or dig up a few plants of petunia, phlox or sweet tobacco and plant in boxes or pots for winter flower indoors. During the latter part of the month new lawns may be seeded on well prepared, thoroughly drained land and on sandy soil; otherwise wait until spring. How to Have Flowers Earlier Next Spring—By James T. Scott New York GETTING SIX MONTHS AHEAD OF THE SEASON—HOW TO HAVE BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS IN BLOOM NEXT SUMMER BEFORE SPRING-SOWN PLANTS HAVE GROWN OWING secds in the fall is the surest and easiest way for the amateur to have an abundance of early flowers. There are, however, certain simple precautions to be taken. The seedlings must be sheltered from hot sunshine and the soil must be loose and moist. Soil.—Prepare the seedbed well (not necessarily making it rich) by forking it over and over to the depth of at least one foot. Rake off and level thoroughly; add one and one-half inches of finely sifted soil on top. Seeds germinate best in a soil of fine tilth. Watering.—Late in the afternoon draw lines for the seeds, and then give the bed a thorough watering through a spray. Be careful not to obliterate the lines. Allow it to stand thus overnight. Next morning sow the seeds and cover with sifted soil to the desired depth. Generally this watering will suffice until the seedlings appear; but, should the bed become dry, spray again. Young seedlings are very easily destroyed with a heavy spray, and if they are watered in the Photograph by HENRY TROTH morning and the sun comes out hot, they are sure to ‘‘damp off.” Therefore water late in the afternoon, but not so late that the water will still be hanging on the leaves next morning. Between four and five o’clock is a good time, or, say, from an hour to an hour and a half before sundown. Protection.—Sow all seeds (and also prick off) in a sashbed or coldframe, if possible. Failing this, sow in a sheltered position where they are protected from the noonday sun. If sown in a sashbed or frame, put on the sash, tilting them well at the back, and cover the glass with some light material during the day (removing it at night) until the seedlings appear. If sown in the open border or in flats, seeds will germinate better when covered with heavy paper or a single fold of ordinary bagging material. Small seeds require greater protection and more care during germination than larger ones. They may be sown above ground, given protection and covered over lightly when they begin to show life. TO FLOWERING SIZE Large seeds.—Large seeds can be sown with safety in the open. They will germinate more quickly if soaked in water for twenty- four hours before sowing. Pricking off.—Transplant the seedlings as soon as they have made their first two rough leaves. Use a pointed dipper and make the hole large enough in every case to easily hold the roots. Firm the soil thorough- ly by pressing in the dipper about one inch from the original hole. Never firm close around, as you are liable to “hang” the young plants. If the roots are thus firmed subsequent watering will settle the upper soil about the “‘neck.”’ In pressing close to the tender stem with the fingers you are liable to do injury; moreover, the soil gets baked and the seedlings cannot grow. When two or three lines are done give water and shade. Keep them shaded for several days until growth commences again. Grad- ually immure them to full sunlight. Weeks of bloom.—The minimum time is given in the table below: | Ss Y ro PL iD “H rT s TIME TO |HEIGHT) CoLoR OF | a Anat. Pa ea Vee SOIL PREFERENCES, BEST SITUATIONS, NAME OF FLOWER F q 2 SOW : SOW (inches) FLOWER Benne Permanent Gnches) | FLOWERING BLOOM AND OTHER POINTS | Out anting Achillea filipendulina | Aug. 15 | 36-42 yellow 2 15 1-16 Julyand Aug.) 4-6 | Needs staking. All achilleas grow in dry or moist soils. Achillea Millefolium =| Aug. 15 | 18-24 | white, pink 2 12 1-16 July and Aug.| 6-8 | Borders and rockeries. Increase by | division in spring. Achillea Ptarmica Aug. 15 | 18-24 white es 12 eel July all sum.) For border planting and for cut flowers. | | Best variety The Pearl. Aconitum Napellus jAug. 15-20] 48 blue 4 18-24 | 1-4 | June 4-6 | Shady places and shrubbery. Roots | | | | and leaves poisonous. Anemone Japonica | Aug. 15 244) whites spinka|) 93 18 I-4 Aug. 6-8 | Especially suited to fern groups or | | shady borders. Rich soil. Anthemis tinctoria | Aug. 15 18-24. | yellow [a 12 I-16 | July 4-6 | An¥ soil in full sun. Golden Margue- | rite. Pungent odor. Aquilegia chrysantha Aug. 15-20| 18-34 | blue, yellow, | 2-3 | g-12 | 1-16 | May, June | 8-10 | Plant in shady places. Many hybrids in and czerulea | white | | | mixed colors. Arabis alpina Aug. 15 6 white [eset a0 elt 1-4 | May, Sept. | 4-8 | Rock cress. Dry soil in sun. Plant in | | | | tulip beds. Asclepias incarnata I> canter, eG) ||! XO) rose |} AL 18 I-4 July area Swamp milkweed. Plant in swampy | | places or meadowlands. Asperula odorata _ | Sepe ii pear white 2 8 1-16 | June 8-10 | Shady places as undergrowth. Used for | | | | flavoring May wine. Aster alpinus, pean. Sept. I 18-36 blue 3 18-24 | 1-4 Sept. 8-10 | Best of all fall flowers. Good in all florus, Nove-Anglhia | | soils, but repay cultivation. Bocconia cordata Aug. 15-20| 36 white Bo ae i | July 4-8 | Beautiful in foliage and flower. Shrub- | | | | | | bery beds or woodland corners. ‘Campanula Carpatica, Sept. I | 6-36 | blue, white eae I5-18 | 1-4 | May 8-12 | Carpatica and rotundifolia good for Medium, etc. | | | rockeries. Others best in shade. 5 a = ie : wata . . . . Centaurea (Sweet | Aug. 15 | 18-24 |yellow, white,) 3-4 | 12-18 | I-4 May 4-8 For sandy dry soil. Effective in solid Sultan) | purple | beds of one color or mixed. 64. EARLY SPRING FLOWERS FROM SUMMER-SOWN SEED Much time is gained by sowing seeds of many hardy plants in August or September. If germinated and grown in a coldframe, protected from the extreme cold of winter, the plants will give flowers next spring or summer, long before those sown at the same time in the garden. Six months will be gained with biennials end perennials. The plants shown here are Gold-laced polyanthus (Primula polyantha of gardens), 60 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 How to Have Flowers Earlier Next Spring—Continued | | Distanceto PLant|DEPTH) | TIOTERVOWIER TIME TO |HEIGHT) COLOR OF (inches) ae eee eee haar: SOIL PREFERENCES, BEST SITUATIONS, TLRS) 2 SOW inch FLOWE _————— xR | Gnene:) OBES Relais [Bamana (inches) FLOWERING BLOOM ANDKOTHER POINTS Out | Planting | Coreopsis grandiflora’ | Aug.15 | 24-30 yellow 2. | 18) en June 8-12 The perennial tickseed. One of the : | | | | | best herbaceous plants for cut flowers. Daisy (Bellis perennis) |Aug. 15-20, 6-8 | white, rose, 3 8-10 1-4 | Easter | 8-10 | Foredging and vases. Get named vaire- | | streaked | _ ties: Longfellow, Snowball, Maxima. Delphinium formosum, Aug. 15-20 13-36 blue fa | 18-24 | 1-2 June _ 12-16 Best tall blue flowers. Plant among belladonna, Cash- | | | shrubs. Belladonna, new ever- merianum, etc. | | | | blooming. Dictamnus albus Aug. 15-20] 24 red, white | 3 18 | 1-4 June [ 4-6 | For borders. Gas plant. Nursery name D. Fraxinella. Doronicum plantagi- | Sept. I 24 yellow | 3 18 | 1-4 May 4-6 | Variety excelsum, more robust, is most peum | | | commonly grown. Rich loam. Eryngium giganteum Aug. 15 24 blue Bh ie 1-2 June 6-8 | Sea holly. Beautiful blue leaves in | | | spring. Forget-me-not | Aug. 15 | 10-12 | blue, white | 3 |) WO || tet. April most of Plant M. palustris in moist places, M. (Myosotis) | sum. dissitiflora for border. Foxglove (Digitalis) | Aug. 15 | 24-36 | white, rose 4 15-18 | 1-4 June 4-0 | Shady moist or open places. Variety and purple gloximieflora very robust. Gaillardia aristata Aug. 15-20] 18-24 yellow | 3 15-18 | 1-4 June 8-10 | G. grandiflora of the nurseries. — — = - BL — SS | ——— —)}— Gypsophila paniculata Aug. 15-20) 18-24 | white [athe 15 I-4 July 8-10 | Baby’s breath. Fine for rockertes. | Flowers persistent. Heuchera sanguinea Aug. 15-20] 15 crimson 3 TS a4. June 6-18 | Coral bells. Border plant: Grows in | all kinds of soil. Hollyhock | July 15 | 48-54 |white, yellow,, 4 | 18-24 | 1-2 August 6-8 | Sow every year. Young plants bloom rose, purple | | | best. Iberis sempervirens Aug. 15-20} 9-12 white | 2-3 | g-12 | 1-4 May | 8-10 Candytuft: Best of all white flowers | | for rockeries. Lobelia cardinalis Sept. I mS calsmme | 2 |) ng) mea July 4 Open border or moist places. Queen | | Victoria is L. julgens. Lupinus polyphyllus (Aug. 15-20) 48 blue 4 24-30 | 1-2 | June 6-8 | Will not transplant well when once | | established. | Lychnis Chalcedonica, Aug. 15-20] 48 Scarlet is i, |) evs June 4-6 | Excellent in “old-fashioned” gardens. Haageana, Viscaria_ | | | Can be increased by division. Lychnis Coronaria Sept. I 24 rose | 3) Wea | en | June | 4-6 | Rose campion. Downy foliage. Natu- | ralize in dry places. Oenothera_ biennis Aug. 15 | 36-42 yellow 2 iB ol we | July | 6-8 | Flowers open suddenly at dusk. Roots (Evening primrose) | | | eaten like salsify. Pansy ‘Aug. 15-20| 8-10 | blue, yellow,|. 4 to-12 | 1-4 | March | 8-10 | Shady places for summer bloom. Get | white, mottled | | | in frames | Bugnot’s, Cassier’s, Mme. Perret strains. Pentstemon barbatus Aug. 15-20) 36-42 | pink to red 2 15 I-16 | July 4-6 | Chelone barbatus of gardens. One of | | the best border plants. Platycodon grandiflorum Sept. I 18 blue, white | 3 15 | 1-4 -| June | 4-6 | Chinese bellflower. Medium sandy | | | loam, well drained. Polyanthus, gold laced | Aug. 15 | 8-10 | creamy white) 13 6-8 1-6 May 8-10 | For shady borders. Will not stand di- | to maroon | | | rect summer sunshine. Best in frames. os | pes i | Poppy, Papaver bractea- Sept. I 9-24 yellow, 2-4 | 6-18 | 1-16 April, 4-8 | P. nudicaule in rockeries. Others open tum, orientale, nudicaule scarlet | | May border and shrubbery. Primula vulgaris | Aug. 15 | G8 yellow 14 6-8 I-16 April 6 Primrose. Naturalize in woods. Pro- tect slightly with leaves in winter. Pyrethrum |Aug. 15-20/ 18 white, pink ; 3 12 1-4 June 6-8 | Chrysanthemum coccineum (P. roseum | of gardens). Numerous varieties. Stokesia cyanea |Aug. 15-20] 15 | blue | 5 15 I-4 | May 24 Well-drained sandy loam. Hardy. (Stokes’s aster) | Flowers till frost. Sweet William Aug. 15-20| 12-18 | blue | 2 12-18 | 1-4 June | 6-8 | Old-fashioned Sweet William. Fra- grant. Single and double varieties. Cucumbers and Melons for Summer Use—By E. L. Fullerton Long Isiand HOW TO HAVE TENDER, DIGESTIBLE CUCUMBERS, AND SWEET, JUICY MELONS INSTEAD OF THE TOUGH, FLAVORLESS THINGS COMMONLY MET—VARIOUS WAYS OF SERVING AND OF PRESERVING FOR FUTURE USE a the full heat of the midsummer the watery, cool cucumber or the sugary melon is the most welcome “‘fruit” of our garden. It seems odd that the fleshy cucum- ber should be called a vegetable, when we always think of the same formation in the melon, its true cousin, as ‘‘fruit.”” “Phe dis- tinction after all is purely in flavor, and judging from some experiences we ha the melons of some people do not. deserve to be thus distinguished. Both these groups are raised in exactly the same way, either in hills or around a sunken barrel. They may also be started in pots, cans, berry boxes, etc., or in a piece of sod in the coldframe, and transferred to the garden about the middle of May, by which means we cheat the season. There are several distinct types of cucum- ber—long, short, smooth, spiny; trailing and climbing; white skinned and green skinned. Some varieties are raised for pickling; others to be sliced for table use. The pickling cucumbers or gherkins are gathered when quite young. For brine pickles a larger size is gathered. For ordinary pickling gather the young cucumbers when about one and one-half or two inches long, place them in a stone jar and cover with boiling hot brine strong enough to float an egg. Let them stand for twenty-four hours; then drain, wipe dry, place in a clean jar and cover with one quart of boiling vinegar, to which has been added one onion, twelve whole cloves, one ounce of mustard seed, and three blades 66. Summer “ squash,” tender and delicate in flavor, are really pumpkins. of the most esteemed. The Hubbard and Turban are types of the true squash 61 Photographs by H. B. FULLERTON of mace. In two weeks’ ready to use. I know you will say just the same thing that I said when the cucumbers for pickling came in at the rate of three, four, or perhaps a dozen a day. ‘‘What, stop my work and time they are than the crock, and a good-sized stone to hold it down snugly. The next pickles that came to the house were added to the jar. By the time the crock was full a little water was poured in if the brine did not cover the A cloth was laid over the top, cucumbers. 65. The feecinanon of ine cucumber is its youth; when old the flesh gets tough and bitter and the seeds get hard. Remove the bitter sKin, slice and drain in a cool place before serving pickle those few paltry things each day? Never! The game is not worth the candle.” But try it and see. It is done a little at a time; thus it is hardly appreciated. Take a stone crock, cover the bottom with cucum- bers and cover these with one-quarter of an inch of coarse salt; then put in another layer of cucumbers, another of salt, and so on until the cucumbers are used up. On top place a round board, just a trifle smaller This variety is the pattypan, one the board replaced with its weight and the outfit stored away until a convenient time for pickling came. A few horseradish leaves placed under the cloth prevented molding, and the pickles would keep thus for months, even for years. When the psycholorical moment arrives you may pickle all of your hoard of cucum- bers, or only part of them, as you wish, proceeding thus: Remove the stone, the board and the cloth, wipe the scum from the surface of the brine and around the edges of the crock and wash the cloth and board. Remove such cucumbers as you wish to pickle, replace the coverings, and the rest will keep for another pickling bee. Cover the subjects for execution with cold water; soak them three days, changing the water every day, and carefully wipe each one before dropping them into the preserving kettle, which contains enough vinegar to cover the cucumbers. Heat to the boiling point and turn occasionally. Do not cook the pickles, just heat them through, then remove from the vinegar, place in bottles and cover with fresh, cold vinegar, vhich may be spiced or not. Table cucumbers are usually served raw, although they may be cooked in divers ways. Always pick them in the early morning, and keep them in a cool, dark place. An hour before serv- ing pare off the skin, slice as thin as _pos- sible and place in ice-cold water. Drain thoroughly when ready to carry to the table. Fried cucumber can scarcely be dis- tinguished from fried eggplant, and it is prepared in the Same way, by paring the 62 ‘““seed pod,” cutting it into slices about one- half an inch thick, dipping into egg which has been slightly beaten, then into cracker crumbs which have previously had a little salt and pepper mixed with them. Fry the slices in deep, hot fat, drain on paper, and they are ready to serve. They may be stuffed with bread crumbs and chopped nuts highly seasoned, or with chopped raw meat in place of the bread. The cucumber is cut in half, the seeds scooped out and replaced by the selected mixture, the halves put together again and tied with string. They are then baked an hour and a half or until tender. Cucumbers may also be served boiled, covered with cream sauce, in which case the skin and seeds should be removed. They form in this way an excellent substitute for boiled onions. ALL KINDS OF SQUASHES AND PUMPKINS Squash makes one of the most delightful and dainty of summer dishes, in our estima- tion. They are fleeting and delicate in flavor and texture, provided you secure the proper varieties. Crooknecks and yellow squashes are generally strong in flavor, while patty- pans, vegetable marrow, and others of that type are extremely delicate. Their culture is exactly the same as water- melon, even to the spacing of the hills; and An interesting their enemies are the same. 4 ey ; : OR 68. The vegetable marrow (a pumpkin) must be gathered SEPTEMBER, 1905 67. The netted melons or musKmelons are the sweetest of all the gourd or cucumber family, so we call them fruits. fact in regard to all these vine fruit-vegetables is that some flowers are male, while others on the same stem may be female. It is possible to have fine, healthy, strong vines which will not produce a single seed pod, if there have not been bees or insects near your vines to fertilize the flowers. The two blossoms are quite distinct, the female having a tiny bulb on the stem behind the calyx, while the male has not. If the pollen is carried from one to the other the bulb grows and develops, the flower in front of it falling off; but if ¥ Bes quite young before the seeds ar Plenty of sunshine is essential to high flavor. Canteloupes are warty-sKinned melons not fertilized the bulb as well as the blossom separates from the stem. THE ENGLISHMAN’S FAVORITE To me the finest of all the summer squashes are the pattypan and the vegetable marrow, the latter a favorite English variety, which is not generally appreciated in this country because we don’t know when to eat it. We let it get too old. Vegetable marrow squash may be peeled, cut into small pieces, the seed part removed hard. Most people let them get too old, and then wonder why others like .hem. There are white and mottled green varieties, but the former are considered the more delicate in flavor SEPTEMBER, 1905 and thrown away. Drop the prepared pieces into salt water, and cook until very tender. All should then be thoroughly drained and pressed through a colander. Returned to the pan in which it was boiled, it should be set on the back of the stove, uncovered, and allowed to steam. Add a teaspoonful of butter and a dash of pepper before serving. It will not suit an Englishman’s palate unless it is served up piping hot. They may also be baked, fried, stewed with cream sauce, or prepared by any of the recipes for cucum- bers. They are long and slender, rather ereenish, and so extremely tender and tasty that they are becoming quite the rage. The usual winter squashes include Hub- bard, Marblehead, and Boston marrow. They grow to an enormous size, weighing more than a watermelon, and will keep in the cellar all winter, provided they are not subjected to a temperature lower than 50°. Pumpkins are sisters to the summer squash. They are richer in flavor and are usually preferred for custards and pies, though they may be baked or boiled, prepared in the same way as any other vegetable. They can also be dried for winter use by being cut into thin strips and hung in the sun, then packed in tin boxes or glass jars. Soak these dried pieces in cold water over night and they will be ready to use. RADISHES AS NURSES FOR MELONS Muskmelons and watermelons are two of the most delicious “fruits” of the vegetable garden. They are both of goodly size, especially the latter, which sometimes weighs forty to fifty pounds when grown in the South. Muskmelons are more frequently raised in the home garden than watermelons, for the simple reason that they occupy less room. When the weather is warm and the leaves well out upon the trees—not before— make the melon beds, which should be three feet apart. Dig out a hole, four inches deep and twelve inches across, and place into it fine old manure full of humus, some bone meal and wood ashes, or hen manure, until level with the surrounding soil. Put three or four inches of soil over this and plant the seed, fifteen or twenty of them, together with some radish seed. Why? Because melons are slow of germination compared with radishes; the striped and the flea beetle love both, but if they can feast on radish leaves they will let the melons alone, so that the poor radishes can be used as cat’s paws! When the melon seedlings are well up, thin so as to leave only the three finest plants in the hili. The striped beetle will now make a prolonged call unless made unhappy by Bordeaux. Invite him to move on, by means of this compound, and you will find that mildew also scarcely rings the bell. The best fruit comes on the side branches, so we pinch off the ends of the runners to force side growth. Do not let the vines grow much more than two feet long without pinching. If allowed to run they will quickly cover an incredible space, but you won’t get any more fruit, nor so good. Melons require plenty of water, as they are really a forced crop in this part of the country. If you THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 69. There are pumpkins and squashes of all sizes and forms. The terms are often used indiscriminately. The pumpkin is distinguished by a hard and deeply furrowed stalk. Squashes have spongy, soft and unridged stalKs. plant them in hills make a slight ditch around each and fill this with water every night or every other night. When the melon is ripe it parts from the stem with slight assistance, and the finest flavored fruit is that ripened on the vine. When the melons have set place a board under them. WHEN A WATERMELON IS RIPE Watermelons are raised in exactly the same way, by placing the hilis four or six feet 2 70. There are two types of watermelon. and is preserved as a substitute for citron peel. The so-called crooKnecK squashes have pumpkin-liKe stalks swollen next the fruit apart, and allowing but one vine to remain to a hill. The best test for a ripe water- melon is to place the ear close to it, then press hard with the hand, and if the fruit is ripe it will yield slightly, and a cracking sound will be heard. ‘Tap it with the fingers, and if the sound is hollow it is ripe. There is but little waste to a watermelon, for the white part of the rind, pickled in sugar, vinegar and spices, makes a very acceptable dish to serve with meats. \ \ 2 ERT a The one tender and juicy; the other, or citron type, is hard fleshed To test for ripeness press hard with the hand, placing the ear close to the watermelon; a cracKing sound indicates it is ready to gather Ether Forcing Without a Greenhouse—By Flora L. Marble. premsin. AN EASY WAY FOR THE AMATEUR TO BLOOM AZALEAS, LILACS, AND OTHER PLANTS AT CHRIST- MAS TIME—GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR THE WINDOW GARDENER TO DISCOUNT THE SEASONS UCCESS crowned our attempt at forcing by ether. We had flowers for Christ- mas just like those of the stores which had been forced by the expensive flosist’s green- house, heated by steam or water. Our apparatus was only a little bottle of ether, an old washboiler for small plants, and an old-fashioned chest for the shrubs. Actual cash outlay? Fifteen cents a plant! After the ether treatment the plants were subject to all the discomforts that commonly fall to the lot of house plants during winter. THE IMPROVISED FORCING CHAMBER The old-fashioned chest, with dovetailed corners and double boards on the sides and bottom, was lined with heavy paper and all suggestions of cracks were filled with putty. The lid was removed, and the chest was placed upside down on the cellar floor and banked around with earth. A hole was drilled for the funnel through which the ether was poured. Inside was a sponge and a small basin under the sponge to hold the ether, while the sponge continually soaked it up and aided evaporation. This chest con- tained about fifty-six gallons space and we used four ounces of ether for the dope—that is the approved ratio. The hole was tightly plugged after the funnel was withdrawn. We chose for our experiment two azaleas, Verveeniana and Simon Mardner; two lilacs, Marie le Gray and Charles X.; two deutzias. Photographs by the author November 4th the plants arrived from the nursery. They were potted at once in dry earth—that is important, dry earth—and put under the chest packed lke cordwood, their branches still tied and about the pots to hold the soil. cloth bound The ether 71. The white flowering deutzia will surely re- spond to the ether treatment for forcing. These plants are not generally grown by the florist for Christmas was poured in and the plants remained for seventy-two hours. What a sorry sight as they were removed from the ‘‘forcing chest!” These plants that were to be a joy at Christ- mas—and it was already November 7th! The lilac, Marie le Gray, a bare shrub, looked unaltered, but there was a smell of ether about the dirt when it was watered that was hopeful. The other lilac, Charles X., is notoriously hard to:force. So it was left dry and be- wrapped on the cellar floor to rest a couple of days before going into the chest for another dose of ether. Look at the azaleas! Verveniana, that had been of so shiny a green when put in the chest, now had the lower leaves a rich crimson, while the top of the plant remained green—as our sumach does in the fall. It followed the lilac upstairs. Simon Mardner showed no signs of a change of heart, so we put it back to rest with the Charles X. lilac. One of the deutzias was watered and sent to join the promising ones; the other was wrapped up.and treated once more. Then we began to quake. Finally we did the thing only half way, which is very foolish, always. Charles X., Simon Mard- ner, and the deutzia were put back in the chest bravely enough, but when we came to pour in the ether we stopped at two ounces. On the evening of the rath, having been in the chest three days, these plants were once more brought into fresh air and daylight. The lilac and deutzia were in no wise altered, but Simon Mardner had folded its smal} green leaves close to the branches—as a clover plant will at night. WATCHING THE THINGS GROW Azalea Verveniana began to lose the crim- son leaves, and many of the green leaves fell 72. The normal violet plant went to rest in the window in early winter and by January was standing still—last year’s leaves withered and a new growth just By March this plant had not grown more than an inch starting. 64 seventy-two hours was sorry looKing when it came out. leaves, but soon made a new start. 73. The violet plant that was put into the forcing chest on October 28th for It dropped the old It flowered in March SEPTEMBER, 1905 off. This dropping of the foliage continued until December 3d, when the plant began to grow like a miracle. The flower buds, that had been nestling in the tips of the branches, swelled and doffed the russet caps that cover their pink glory. December 13th found the first blossom fully open. By Christmas time the plant was a thing to marvel at. The flowers were large and perfect, crowding each other in the shape of an old-fashioned bou- quet, and the plant was beautiful all through January, when it was cut back, to make a new growth for next season. After it had been upstairs a day or so, azalea Simon Mardner waked up and straight- ened out its folded leaves and many of them fell off. The flower buds showed color on December 15th, and after that the plant took up a great pace, and by Christmas time most of the flowers were fully open. They are just the color of the American Beauty rose, having a richness of tone that Verveniana lacks; but, for all of that, we prefer the pale pink of the latter. Verveniana rather likes sunshine, and will live comfortably in a warm room. Simon Mardner, on the other hand, hates sunshine even more than artificial heat. In spite of being too warm sometimes, it kept its good looks through January, but by the middle of February was dead. Dead from overwork and rush no doubt. Our most delightful success was with the Marie le Gray lilac. In four days the leaf buds began to swell. The first week in December the white flowers began to unfold; by the roth of the month the flowers were full blown, and hung there, unchanging, to the last day of the month. We have different things to say of Charles X. The person who christened it must have known what the history books say of that French Charles X.: “‘His policy was bigoted and reactionary. It excited much 75. Two treatments into flower. forced Deutzia Lemoinet Growth began on December 3d, and by Christmas time the lower flowers were fully opened GARDEN MAGAZINE THE 74. Azaleas for Christmas were forced ata total cost of ninety cents each. Vervaeniana was suc- cessful with one treatment. Simon Mardner needed two. The soil must be dry before etherizing is begun discontent.””, Of no Charles X. was this remark ever more true than of the one who occupied our sunny window after November t2th. It came into leaf, but the flowers never developed. The deutzias remained unpromising until about December 3d, when a faint show of green could be detected along the branches of the plant that had had two treatments. The other remained dormant. By Christ- mas Day all the lower flowers were in full bloom, while those at the tips of the branches were still tiny buds. The leaves did not grow much until the flowers were out. The photographs were taken at Christmas time to show the relative condition. 76. One dose of ether for seventy-two hours failed to start the deutzia into growth. Not till Feb- tuary did it produce one small flower at end of shoot 65 All the plants had the same treatment from the time the dopes ended. They were taken to the third floor, where the hall widens out into what we call the sun parlor. Here the windows face south and east and west. The light is diffused and there are no drafts. At night the temperature would often go down to 35° or 40% On a few very cold nights we huddled our patients about the radiator, with a screen around them to keep off the cold air which might come up the stair- way. Inthe daytime the temperature averaged about 65°, sometimes climbing up to 70°. When the plants were beginning to bloom they were watered every four or five days with weak manure water. There was a great difference in the thirst of the various plants. Water them when the soil on top gets dry, not before, though there is a great temptation so to do when the plant in the next crock needs a drink. The deutzias were only watered about once a week; but the lilacs and azaleas needed water every day. The plants that were not doped did not take as much water, for they were not growing as fast. If we had been working in a hothouse, and could have started early enough, it would have been possible to get the same results. The use of anesthetics shortens the time of forcing twenty to thirty days. THE ITEMS OF COST AND PROFIT 2 azaleas (12-inch plants), named WEDS 4S Sg a) SS ANAS) 2 lilacs (Marie le Gray and Charles X.) 2-00 De cuizvanemoinetes ne ews eae L250 Ether (average 15 cents per plant) - -9o $5 - 90 For less than $6 and practically no work we had flowering plants at Christmas worth $15 to $20. Ether sells at 75 cents a pound. 77. The most satisfactory plant was lilac Marie le Grav. It had one dose. From December 10th till New Year's Eve it was in full flower all the time Hardy Hydrangeas for Summer Flowers—By John Dunbar Rochester, New York NATIVE AND OTHER SHRUBS WHICH KEEP THE GARDEN GAY FROM JUNE TO OCTOBER—PRUNING FOR IMMENSE HEADS OF FLOWER—THE BEST SPECIES TO EXTEND THE SEASON AND HOW TO GROW THEM Photographs by Henry TrotH, P. N. Humpuries, and others URING the summer time, when there is a scarcity of hardy conspicuously flowered shrubs, the beauty of the hardy hydrangeas is all the more striking. They are not only 78. For Easter flower in pots grow varieties of Hydrangea hortensis. The variety Otaksa is the dwarfest yet best grower. It has black stems. Not hardy above ground in the North very showy flowering shrubs, but they are nearly all natives and are the easiest of any plants to grow. They give a succession of bloom in profusion from June 15th to Sep- tember 1st. ‘There is only one requisite: all hydrangeas to flower freely and look healthy and vigorous must be planted in a deep, rich, well-drained soil, with full exposure to the sun. They will grow in a partly shaded position, but will not flower satisfactorily. THE SECRET OF PRUNING FOR FLOWERS Most of the hardy hydrangeas (including the common H. paniculata) flower on the young growths of the current year, and so can be pruned any time during winter or spring before growth starts. But there are some species, like H. vestita and H. Bretschnetdert, that form their flower buds on the young shoots of the previous year, and winter pruning or cutting back the branches in win- ter or early spring will, of course, prevent flowering. I know of one H. Bretschneideri which was pruned back every. winter for a number of years, to the perennial disappoint- ment of the owner, who never saw a flower. He was giving it the same treatment as HI. paniculata. One winter’s day, happening to observe that the ends of the branches had large, plump, round buds different from those on the other hydrangeas, he left them un- pruned. Result, the bushes flowered freely the following year. All the pruning required by this type is a little thinning out of the weak branches and the removal of the flowering clusters when they are through blooming. H. paniculata andvariety grandiflora flower much more freely when they are cut back severely in late winter or early spring. If the bushes are healthy and in good form, and require no pruning other than to place them in good flowering condition, cut back the shoots of the previous year to within three or four buds of the base. You can cut H. pant- culata, var. grandiflora, almost to the ground, annually, in early spring, and if the plants are growing in deep rich soil they will produce flower clusters of immense size, on long cane- like shoots, and must be tied up, which is a decided nuisance. That kind of pruning is only advisable when very large panicles of bloom are desired. A SCARCITY OF INSECT PESTS I have never seen any of the hydrangeas attacked by scale insects, but H. paniculata and var. grandiflora are frequently attacked by the small mite known to gardeners as red spider. If the spider is numerous and not checked the leaves will first turn yellowish, then present a scorched appearance and finally drop. It is rarely troublesome, how- ever, if the plants are growing vigorously in moist rich soil. This pest is always worse in a drought, or if the plants are checked in growth from any cause. Sprayings of clear water under strong pressure is the remedy. The rose beetle frequently attacks the foliage of hydrangeas. This is perhaps one of the most irrepressible of insect pests, but for- tunately its season of attack does not last more than three or four weeks. I have tried numerous supposed remedies, but nothing quite effective. The most satisfactory treat- ment so far has been Ivory soap, dissolved and boiled in the proportion of one-half pound of soap to ten gallons of water and applied by a spray pump. ‘This kills the rose beetle by contact, but the treatment has to be frequently repeated. ‘This soap used in any degree of strength does not hurt the foliage, and is also destructive to a great many other insect pests, and, lastly, it is pleasant and cleanly to handle, which cannot be said of whale-oil soap, and many other insecticides. SOIL CONDITIONS CONTROL PLANTING There is little to choose in the season for planting hydrangeas. If the soil is heavy and somewhat cold they had better be planted in spring, but if the soil is of a light, loamy 79. The oak-leaved hydrangea (H. guercifolia) of the South is hardy as far north as Philadelphia. A smaller tree than the common H. paniculata, var. grandiflora. Has pinKish-white flowers, the sterile ones becoming purple 66 SEPTEMBER, 1905. 80. The ideal way to plant the most popular of all th To get blooms like this prune lightly. its individuality. nature and well drained they can be profitably planted in the fall. HYDRANGEA FLOWERS FROM JUNE TO OCTOBER The first hardy species to flower is H. ves- tita, which ordinarily comes into bloom from June 15th to June 20th. The round flower clusters (or cymes, as they are technically called), which are seldom numerous, are flat with showy white sterile flowers about one inch in diameter on the circumference. The fertile flowers are white but very small. The cymes are from three to five inches in diam- eter. The leaves (about two and one-half inches wide and four and one-half inches long on young shoots) are covered on the 81. An old plant of #. paniculata, var. grandiflora en- livens the back yard in September. It needs more light at the base and more pruning to “ clothe” itself better THE GARDEN MAGAZINE e hardy hydrangeas and one of the very best summer flowering shrubs (H, paniculata, var. yrandiflora). It shows Hard pruning gives much larger flower heads, but not so many. under side with soft, whitish hairs lying flat. It is not as often seen in cultivation, unfor- tunately, as its merits as a shrub warrant. HI. Bretschneidert (H. vestita, var. pube- scens, HI. Pekinensis), which looks much like the above, is a much freer flowering and therefore more decorative shrub, coming into bloom just as H. vestita passes, and lasts from June 2oth-25th until July 7th—-r2th. The white sterile flowers on the outside of the large flat clusters are usually one and one-half inches in diameter. The fertile flowers are yellowish white. ‘The cymes are from four to six inches in diameter. The leaves on young shoots are one and three-quarter inches wide and five inches long, with enough pubescence beneath. Both the terminal branchlets on the ends of last year’s shoots usually produce flower clusters, and one or two of the lower buds will often do the same, and frequently last year’s branch will carry six large cymes. It is perfectly hardy and a very easy shrub to cultivate. About July 15th HH. arborescens, found native from New Jersey to Florida, comes into bloom. The whitish flowers are borne on roundish clusters on the ends of the shoots of the year, and are all fertile, although some times varieties may be seen with a few sterile flowers on the outside of the cymes. The foliage is quite attractive, usually four inches wideand five inches long, and covered beneath with glaucous hairs. This species is almost 67 ms Pena This plant is probably twelve years old hardy; in western New York it is usually partly winter killed, but if cut back severely always flowers freely from the new growth, and so makes a desirable shrub well adapted to small gardens. There is a form of this with smooth leaves (7. urticifolia, of the trade), having the same flowering habit, which comes into bloom about a week later. July 30th sees H. radiata. ‘The convex white flower clusters have always quite showy sterile flowers on the outside. ‘The leaves are three and three-quarter inches wide and five inches long, on young shoots, and covered beneath with a dense felty mass of white hairs, which gives the leaves a distinctly handsome appearance. Being a Southerner, the plant Zt ede . SRO 2 5] 82. Flowers right down to the ground! This plant has the benefit of all possible sunshine and is pruned moderately. Three years old 68 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 83. For formal effects on a driveway, H. hortensis, var., grown in tubs, can be held in reserve in the cellar all winter, and after doing duty in summer removed into shelter when frost comes is reputed to be tender, but, strangely enough, it seems to be hardy in western New York, in the neighborhood of Rochester. At the end of July and all through August the oak-leaved hydrangea (1. quercifolia) is an exceedingly beautiful native shrub. In native conditions in Florida it frequently attains a height of from fifteen to eighteen feet. The white fertile flowers which are borne on panicles have large showy sterile flowers scattered irregularly all over the clus- ters. The attractive leaves are deeply lobed, and are usually five and a half inches wide and six and a half inches long, with pale woolly growth beneath. They turn to a beautiful plum color in the fall. Though it requires protection in winter in the neighbor- hood of Rochester, N. Y., it is well worth any special care to enjoy its beauty. From July to September forms of the com- mon H. paniculata lighten up our gardens. The showy Japanese variety grandiflora is one of the most popular of garden shrubs. The typical plant is not often seen in gardens. It has two forms, both with fertile and sterile flowers intermixed, and blossoming from four to six weeks apart. ‘The early form (H. pant- culata, var. precox) flowers about the middle of July and the other (called H. p., var. tar- diva, in gardens) a month or more later. The flower clusters are pyramidal, and vary much in size, from three or-four inches up to a foot or more in depth, all depending upon the cultural conditions under which the plants are growing. It is the variety grandiflora that is the commonly known late summer flowering shrub of almost every garden. The huge flower heads are entirely covered with large sterile flowers, which give it such a showy appearance. It usually comes into bloom about August rst and remains in good condition throughout the month, when the clusters turn to a pinkish purple, and will retain this color for a long time when cut. H. petiolaris (Syn. Hydrangea scandens) is a most beautiful climbing species and is not common in cultivation. It blooms from the middle to the end of June. There are very few good specimens of this plant, as there seems to be some difficulty about making it ‘ flower, yet if it has the full exposure to sun- shine there need be no failure. Many people have tried it as a vine in more or less shade and have been disappointed. Every once in a while an old plant is found in some old 184. Backed by the foliage of tall trees the hor- tensia (H. hortensis) flowers show up conspicuously. Grown from cuttings taKen any time of the year neglected garden spot that abundantly proves its real value. A good many years since there was a fine specimen on the famous Dana estate on Long Island. A St Ve ES OP a Bea! SEPTEMBER, 1905 MANAGING THE TUB HYDRANGEAS There are numerous varieties of H. hor- tensis, but they need winter protection north of Philadelphia, although I have seen remark- able success with some of the varieties in some parts of Long Island without any protection other than that afforded by the shelter of a wall or a residence. The varieties Impera- trice Eugenie, Thunbergi, Otaksa, Belzoni and Thomas Hogg are a few of perhaps the most distinctive kinds, all of which are de- scribed in the dealers’ catalogues. They can be grown in tubs, and it only takes a few years to grow them into large specimens. Although tender, they give but little trouble in winter. If they are stored away in a cellar or any place where only a little frost penetrates, and kept dry until early spring, they survive and certainly are well worth all the trouble. HOW TO RAISE PLANTS GALORE Some of the hydrangeas are easily raised from seeds, which are very small. HH. Bret- schneidert, for example, if gathered as soon as ripe and sown in a flat and placed in a cold- frame, will germinate freely the following spring, and, indeed, there is not much use in trying any other method of increase; cuttings are not at all easy to root. H. paniculata and the variety grandiflora can be propagated by cuttings of the green wood taken in summer, and placed in sand in a hotbed shaded from the sun by muslin screens three or four feet above the frames. The frames must be kept close, and frequently syringed until the cuttings commence to root. The oak-leaved hydrangea is difficult to propagate from cuttings, and _ seeds germinate slowly, but it can be layered suc- cessfully and it is also propagated from suckers. The hortensis hydrangeas are easily propa- gated from cuttings of the green wood taken at any time of the year. In ordinary prac- tice, however, cuttings are usually taken from strong wood about the end of February, and placed in sand on the propagating bench and potted off when they have rooted. 85. The panicled hydrangea (H. paniculata, var. grandiflora) grown in shrubbery and severely pruned. The long slender shoots droop over and need stakes. Compare with the fine isolated plant in Fig. 80 86. There is real pleasure in preserving their lusciousness for winter use. Saving the Garden’s Surplus—By Edith L. Fullerton Use sound, ripe, but not overripe, fruits for canning. For jellies some may be underripe Long Island CANNING AND PRESERVING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR WINTER USE THAT OTHERWISE WOULD GO TO WASTE—METHODS, ig this is your first flight in the art of pre- serving study all the devices to make labor as light as possible and have the result as great a success as may be. Don’t for one moment contemplate tins; they are villains in disguise, besides being usable but once and then a burden to the household to dis- pose of. Glass is good forever. Those which have been in use for many years are of two general types, the one having a screw metal top, the other a clamp glass top. To my mind the latter is superior, for, when the clamp top jar is once closed (which requires but little strength) that is the end of it. The screw top, on the other hand, always needs a few more turns, and even then one is not sure of its being tight. In opening these jars raise the clamp, run a knife between the rubber ring and the glass top, allowing a little air to enter, and the jar is easily opened. Nothing is spoiled, and the jar is as good as new the following year. The screw top never will unscrew easily, and usually a knife is used to force matters, to the permanent injury of the top. If the screw top jars be placed under running hot TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES—WHAT TO CAN AND HOW Photographs by H. B. FULLERTON water for a moment they usually open without the aid of a knife. A new type of jar is worked on the sim- ple vacuum principle. It is a wide-mouthed bottle, with a rubber ring fitting over the top, and a metal lid held in place by a clamp until the contents of the jar are cooked and cooled. Then the clamp is removed and the lid remains in place. To open insert a knife until a little air enters, when the lid will fall off. For a preserving kettle agate ware is 87. Pickles are placed in brine strong enough to float an egg before vinegar and spices are added Om: LOD OF preferable nowadays, though in the olden days iron and copper were considered abso- lutely essential to success. Boil the jars in a wash boiler, placing them on something to hold them from the bottom of the kettle, as the intense heat of the cooking is able to break the glass. With these articles you may preserve the surplus crops of the garden, though there are many other little devices which will facili- tate work to a marked degree. Few vegetables beside tomatoes are ever attempted in the home canning. Why? Beans nearly always receive one trial, gen- erally spoil, and never have further attention. The only art of their preservation lies in destroying all germs of mold or ferment. This is done by putting the goods into the jars, placing the covers in position, and then boiling them. As a rule vegetables should be blanched or parboiled before being placed in the jars. This, while not destroying the flavor, removes any acrid quality. This par- boiling is done in boiling salted water, though I have put up tomatoes by boiling them in 70 88. The little accessories that render work easy. Always get your tools ready before canning day arrives the preserving kettle after peeling them, and packing boiling hot in the jars and seal- ing at once. I did not succeed with beans by this method, though I have had them keep well when boiled in the jars. Different vegetables need different times for the parboiling because of their varying << 89. Piccalilli is a concoction of green tomatoes, celery, onions, cabbage and peppers, with sugar, vinegar and spices, boiled slowly till tender. Sundry spices are added according to one’s fancy textures, depending also to some degree on the age and tenderness. The average times are: Peas, 8 minutes String beans, 4 minutes Cauliflower, 4 minutes Lima beans, 15 minutes Carrots, 15 minutes ‘Turnips, 15 minutes Spinach, 6 minutes The best test for most of them is when they can be pierced with a fork. The veg- etable, after dressing it as you would in pre- paring for the table—that is, peas shelled, beans cut into small pieces, corn on the cob, beets unpeeled, limas shelled, ete.—is thrown When blanched into the boiling salted water. Equal quantities of fruit and sugar for jam or preserve; equal quantities of fruit juice and sugar for jelly 90. “A pint’s a pound the world around.” THE GARDEN MAGAZINE drain off the water and allow cold water to run through them until thoroughly chilled and hardened. I seem to be giving these rules as definite and final, but I mean to give them as one of the ways, for there are others. For instance, beets may be blanched thirty minutes, then skinned and packed into jars, and the jar filled with vinegar and water in the propor- tion of one-half pint of vinegar to one quart of water, and the entire jar boiled for forty- five minutes. The screw and clamp tops should not be fastened tight while boiling. Just lay on the screw top with the clamp put over it, but not fastening the pressure clamp. When the jar has been boiled the proper length of time screw and clamp the tops without lifting them, for even one bubble of air entering the jar might cause the contents to spoil. THE TIME TO COOK Authorities differ widely as regards the time for boiling the jars, ranging from ten minutes to one hour and twenty minutes for tomatoes. It all depends on the size of the jar. The bigger the jar the more it holds, and the contents in any case must be brought up to the degree of heat necessary for thorough sterilizing all through. When closed the cover pressure keeps out all air, provided, of course, the rubber bands are quite fresh. Never use old ones. In canning fruits (such as cherries, straw- berries, peaches, pears, huckleberries, black- berries, plums) pack them in jars with the proper proportion of sugar added and fill up with water, or mix the sugar and water first, making a syrup. In this process the vacuum jars require an average of twenty minutes’ boiling, while most fruits in ordinary jars require but from five to ten minutes. If the fruit is to be used soon after canning I use the syrup, but for longer keeping I think it easier to place the sugar and water in the jars separately. The sugar after the boiling settles at the bottom of the jar, and so I turn the jar upside down to cool, then right side up again to put away. The sugar is then thoroughly incorporated. LITTLE TRICKS THAT TELL It is surely worth while to can rhubarb and pineapples for winter use. The former should be cut into inch pieces and mot peeled, for the red skin will impart a beautiful color to the syrup. Pineapple should be peeled and the pieces picked out with a fork, which eliminates the tough core, which in sliced pineapple is retained. Pears and peaches should be peeled, halved and seeded; apples the same or even quartered. Plums and cherries may be stoned or not; the pits left with the fruit impart a peculiar bitter flavor which to me is delightful. Canned berries require to be just ripe and thoroughly sound; it is useless to waste time upon soft, poor fruit. Fruits for canning should be selected as much with a view to the ultimate color as for flavor. There are red-fleshed and white-fleshed strawberries; take the former. And in plums what more pleasing than the rich red of the Satsuma SEPTEMBER, 1905 91. Shred the pineapple from the hard core, which spoils the “ sliced”’ goods. The core is too hard to eat plum—superb when canned, but useless to eat out of hand! Very little-nttention is paid to the home-canning qualities of certain varieties, but surely there is a good deal to be learned here... ‘‘ What to can” is as impor- tant as “How to can.” Preserves are always made with equal weights of fruit and sugar. They are some- 92. For sour pickles there are cucumbers, cauli« flower, pearl onions, martynias, young walnuts and green tomatoes. Cauliflower, onions, beans and cucumbers for “mixed pickles ”’ times called ‘‘ pound-for-pound” fruits. The sugar is placed in the kettle to melt with just enough water to keep it from scorching; the prepared fruit is added and simmered gently until tender. Another way is to add the sugar immediately to the fruit, let it heat slowly and boil until a little juice placed on a saucer begins to thicken. An easy rule is: 93. The old-style conical jelly bag is good for squeezing the fruit. In the wire-hoop style the weight can be shifted around as necessary 1905 SEPTEMBER, 94. Make light work by being outdoors. With an oil stove in a shady corner prepare another batch of fruit while one is sterilizing cook small fruits forty minutes and large fruits until they can be pierced with a straw. For the vacuum jars the fruit should be boiled in the syrup five minutes, then packed in the jars and the jars boiled twenty minutes. Many preserves are improved by the addi- tion of lemon or ginger, or both. ‘Tomatoes are delicious prepared in this manner, and if the small yellow or red fruit is used and covered with some of the sugar before cook- ing the form is retained. Authorities disagree as to the amount of sugar to use in making jams; the proportion varies from equal weights to one pound of fruit to three-quarters of a pound of sugar. Split the difference, if you wish, and I think you will come out all right. The only differ- LEE 96. All these vegetables may be canned, and it is worth while to save some of them for winter. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ence between jam and preserve is that the former is “boiled down” a little more than the latter. Jellies are made from the juice of fruit only, with equal weight of sugar. Clear jelly is made by crushing the fruit while it is heating slowly, then allowing it to drain through a cheesecloth or coarse muslin bag over night. You can get more jelly from a given quantity of fruit by squeezing the juice, but the jelly will not be so clear. THE ART OF CLEAR JELLIES If the jelly is being made from berries, such as currants, raspberries, strawberries, crush them thoroughly and heat slightly to start the juices flowing. From appies, quinces, etc., quarter the fruit, but do not seed it or pare it; heat in the preserving kettle, mashing the whole until the juices flow freely, then drain through the jelly bag. Do this preferably over night, for the pre- paring can take place in the afternoon and the finishing the following morning. Measure the juice and take equal measure of sugar, placing the juice in the preserving kettle and the sugar in shallow dishes; place the former over a good fire to boil and the latter in the oven to heat through. Do not let it scorch, however, but stir it often and if the oven be very hot leave the door ajar. The juice must boil exactly twenty minutes, removing the scum as it rises; then pour in the hot sugar, stir thoroughly, let the whole boil two minutes, take from the fire, and pour at once into jelly tumblers. Now if your fruit (especially berries. and 95. Under the grape arbor a single oil stove will suffice to ‘““do up” plenty of fruils, and the labor is not a burden. Do a little each day grapes) is the least bit too ripe (in fact it is almost necessary to have a little green fruit), the jelly may not be quite stiff, but don’t be discouraged; just put the tumblers on a tray, cover them with a piece of glass, and set in the sun for several days. The ordinary jelly bag is conical, so the juice drips from the end, and is very satis- factory if the pulp is to be squeezed. The other, a bag hung from a stout hoop and suspended by four strings, is particularly handy for clear juice; the weight can be shifted and the pulp stirred. Vegetables should be parboiled in salted water before being placed in the jars; this removes any acrid quality, without destroying the flavor The Peony Month—By J. Eliot Coit SEPTEMBER FOR PLANTING AMERICA’S COMING SURPASSES THE ROSE—WHAT VARIETIES TO CHOOSE AND HOW Photographs by the author, except No. 107 by HENRY TROTH EPTEMBER is the one month of the year in which peonies can be planted with a certainty of success. ‘They commence growth so early in the spring that it is only by a chance that they can then be moved early enough, and there is always a loss of flowering power after a spring shift. WHY GROW PEONIES ? There are at least seven good reasons for the popularity of the herbaceous peony: 1. It is easy to grow; anybody can raise glo- rious peonies with less trouble than it takes to grow good roses. 2. A peony well es- tablished is as perma- nent a feature in the garden as is desirable in a herbaceous plant. are per- fectly hardy wherever apples can be grown, passing through the most severe winters without injury. 4. The blooms are large, showy, of various forms, and in any shade of color from white to purple. 5. Almost all varieties are fragrant. 6. It is practically free from disease and insects. No spraying or dusting or hand picking of worms is necessary. 7. It is equally successful as a cut flower and for artistic landscape effects. Opposed to this array of advantages, there are two objections, which, however, dwindle into insignificance by contrast. 1. It multiplies slowly. 2. In some of the weak-stemmed double varieties the flowers are badly beaten down by rains. This last objection does not count for much because singles generally stand up well, and many doubles have developed strong stems, while those which have not can easily be supported. 97. The sort of root to buy—not cheap, but the best. Sure to grow 2. Peonies HOW AND WHERE TO PLANT The peony will grow on almost any well- drained, fertile soil, but it does its best on a rather heavy, moist loam. Don’t make the mistake of planting your peonies under trees, as many suggest, for, while the blooms like a moderate shade and will brighten up sombre nooks, the ravenous tree roots will be sure to steal their food and weaken the plant. And don’t make the mistake of planting in swampy land. A well-drained slope leading to a swamp will do, however. The roots want plenty of water, but air is equally necessary. If possible, prepare the land several months beforehand by digging to a depth of two feet and working in plenty of well-rotted compost or cow manure. If your soil inclines to be sticky, work in street sweepings or sifted coal ashes. Make the ground rich, for the peony is what gardeners term a ‘‘gross feeder.”” One Eng- lish amateur gives his peonies a mulch of three inches of cow manure each year, be- sides large quantities of manure water, and has “‘never yet discovered the limit of a peony’s greedy appetite.” September is the month for planting pe- onies. Have the roots arrive from the nursery about the 15th, and plant them at once not nearer than three feet apart, with the crowns 98. One of the oldest and still one of the best her: baceous peonies is festiva maxima of the nurseries. Double white, with a few carmine streaks in the centre from two to three inches below the surface; press the soil well about the roots and leave level on top. If in your latitude the ther- mometer drops to zero or below, mulch the soil in November with leaf mold or muck. As soon as the ground thaws in the spring the little tender white feeding roots will start out in quest of food and water. Herbaceous peonies can be moved in the spring, but it surely means the destruction of these young rootlets, and consequently another year added before the plant will come into full bloom. If strong roots are properly planted they will probably throw up one or perhaps two bloom shoots the first summer, but the buds may as well be pinched out and all the strength allowed to go to the maturing of as many leaves as possible. Some people recommend feeding the plants with liquid manure just before blooming time. This is all right, but any apparent immediate benefit will be due largely to the water, while the plant food in solution will be mostly laid by for next year. Peonies are gross drinkers as well as gross feeders, and no one should try to raise speci- men blooms without having a hose handy. After a clump is once well established it will last for twenty years, and in some cases fifty years. It is better, however, to take them up, separate the roots and replant them every seven or eight years. If this is not 72 Cornell University GARDEN FLOWER—WHY THE HERBACEOUS PEONY TO RAISE PERFECT PLANTS done some varieties tend to die out in the centre and form an irregular ring. The peony has one bad habit: the heavy double flowers have a tendency to lop over on the ground and get bespattered with dirt by rain. On account of this the plants should always have some support, preferably one which consists of a ring of heavy galvanized wire two feet in diameter, supported on three legs three feet long, which can be pushed down into the soil. This support will be invisible a few feet away, will last many years, and can be stored in the shed over winter. If you wish to grow extra large specimen blooms for exhibition remove the side buds as soon as they appear and throw all the strength into the terminal bud, and don’t fail to give plenty of water. In a large collection set the plants from three to four feet apart each way (according to the vigor of the variety), and preferably in oblong beds containing three rows each. These beds may be cut in the grass at the side of the lawn. But don’t forget to buy a quantity of some tested standard sort and plant freely about the porch and steps and along the shrubbery border. And arrange some large isolated clumps of a double white variety in the bays of the shrubbery, with a background of dark evergreens, if possible. WHY PEONIES SHOULD BE CUT IN THE BUD In order to enjoy the most delicate tints the flowers should be allowed to open in the forms of doubling. In semi-double pink, the stamens (See also Figs. 100 to 106 for comparisons of other stages) 99. There are various L’Avenir, a good have changed to petaloids instead of petals. 1905 SEPTEMBER, 100. The petal arrangementin Princess Beatrice gives an irregular, three-storied effect. Color light pink house, for the hot sun bleaches out the deli- cate gradations of color, especially in the darker hues. Cut them just as the guard petals begin to open and, as each bud is cut, drop it into a pail of fresh water. If they are not immediately put into water, bubbles of air will be drawn into the stem, which will interfere with the passage of water, thereby shortening the life of the blooms. Double blooms should last a week in the house if kept in a cool place and the water changed every day. If a proper selection of varieties is made peony blooms may be had full six weeks. 103. The petaloids in Mme. Breon are erect in morn: ing, becoming recurved in the evening. Pale yellow TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE DOUBLE PEONY. THE GARDEN 101. relieve the dark red of the petals. A few yellow stamens Louis Van Houttei Doubling incomplete. The season is ushered in about the middle of May by P. tenuijolia, and carried along by the well-known old double red peony (P. ojji- cinalis, var. rubra). Then come the tree peonies (P. Woutan) and, before they are gone, the earliest varieties of the Chinese peonies (P. albiflora). Somewhere near July toth the blooming season closes with the latest varieties of the albiflora group. There are too many varieties, and it is very difficult for the amateur, or anyone else for that matter, to purchase stock which will in every case prove itself true to name. The range of peony color shows almost oe fed A 104. Mixed petals. holds its form poorly when cut. This flower lacKs character and Name uncertain MAGAZINE ry 73 Maa 102. Feathery petaloids. Compare with those in Fig. 99, which are club-likKe. Name uncertain. Pink every shade from white to pink, flesh, salmon, crimson, purple, and amaranth. ‘There are but few yellow-flowered varieties, and these are generally of a very light color, with the guard petals more nearly white or pink. No satisfactory solid vellow is as yet known. One of the attractive features of a collection of peonies is the diversity of form in the flowers, running from the single with a mass of golden-yellow stamens in the centre up through the various degrees of doubling to the enormous perfect double, where all the stamens, and in many cases even the seed vessels, have been changed to petals. In ' eS! ae ~ re. - é Padee 2 105. An idealflower. Petaloids greatly developed, but still distinct from guard petals. Chas. Binder, deep pink FIGS. 99 TO 106 74 nearly all forms the large outer guard-petals remain distinct from the mass of smaller nar- rower ones (called petaloids), and which are the transformed stamens and carpels. It is true that peonies are not as cheap as a host of our other popular garden plants. In fact, the roots cost a good deal to start with, and you have to wait till the second blooming season before the blooms amount to much. It is slow propagation which makes the first cost an item of importance. Ordinarily the roots (crown tubers, correctly speaking) are dug in August and are allowed to wilt some- what, then divided with a knife to two or three good eyes to a piece and at once re- planted. Varieties differ in the rate at which they multiply, and this, together with the quality or rarity, make prices differ widely. RAISING FROM SEEDS A PATIENCE TEST But someone asks, ‘‘ Why not raise peonies from seeds?”? You may, but the probabil- ities are that you will get just as many varieties as you succeed in getting seeds to grow, and after four or five years, when they come into bloom, most of them will turn out worthless. A noted peony grower told me this summer that in more than six hundred seedlings coming into bloom in one season there was not one worth saving, and the whole patch was plowed up and more seed planted in the hope that some five years later there may be some one or two varieties which will repay for the time, labor, and land. Seeds set very sparingly on double flowers, because very frequently the seed vessels are changed to petals. Most of the single flowers seed heavily, and for this reason most of the seedlings raised are single. There is, how- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 106. A good type of a perfect, regular double flower, M. Dupont, white; blooms late. (Compare Figs. 99-105) ever, for the amateur a vast fund of pleasure to be had from raising seedlings. Plant the seeds as soon as they are ripe, in rich loose soil in a position where they will not be disturbed till they bloom. This will usually be from four to six years. Some of the seeds may wait a year before germinating, and they are almost sure to do this if allowed to dry before planting. If you wish to make an earnest effort to produce better varieties SEPTEMBER, 1905 cross or hybridize those having desirable quali- ties, but don’t be disappointed if you don’t grow into a Burbank all at once. One thing more: If you do produce what looks like a valuable variety test it by exhibiting at some horticultural society’s show. INSECTS AND DISEASES Peonies are practically free from insect pests. Of course, we often find large black ants crawling over the buds, but I could never see that they did any harm. ‘There are two fungous diseases (perhaps they are the same thing) which fortunately are not very serious. As yet no one knows how to control them. One is the sudden rotting and collapse of the stems at the surface of the ground, and the other is a dry black rot of the buds before they develop. As an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, it is a good plan to collect and burn all infected shoots. A GLIMPSE AT PEONY BOTANY The genus Peonia embraces, speaking in round numbers, about twenty-five species, all but one of which are natives of Europe and Asia. P. Brown is the only American species, and occurs in California, from the coast to the mountain slopes. One species, P. Moutan, is shrubby, and curiously enough has never been found in the wild state. This is called the tree peony, and is largely planted in hundreds of varieties. The great bulk of our thousand or more varieties of herbaceous peonies are derived from P. albiflora (P. chinensis of the nur- series is a variety of this) and P. officinalis, while a few have arisen from the following species: P. peregrina, P. tenuifolia, P. ano- 107. The only shrub in the family. The Moutan or tree measure ten inches in diameter and come in white, pinK and magenta. peony (Paeonia Moutan) has an unlimited host of varieties of which no one Knows the names. Good forms are easily raised from seed The flowers SEPTEMBER, 1905 mala, P. paradoxa, and P. arietina, all of which are European or Asiatic. VARIETIES The varietal names of peonies are in a chaotic state. In one case we may have a number of different names for the same identical variety, and, on the other hand, two or more totally different varieties may mas- querade under the same name. The Amer- ican Peony Society is trying to straighten the tangle. Taking a consensus of expert opinion, however, it is possible to make up general lists, which will be fair conservative guides for making up a general collection. With a few exceptions all the varieties given in these lists have been in the trade for at least fifteen years (many of them fifty years), and are still popular and much sought after. EARLY FLOWERING VARIETIES* Single —Tenuifolia, crimson; Anemone- flora, yellow anthers; Officinalis, from white to red; Arietina, very large rose. Double.—Officinalis, vars., rubra plena. crimson; Ufficinalis, vars., rosea plena, rose; Officinalis, vars., alba plena, pink to white. MID-SEASON FLOWERING VARIETIES Single.—Albiflora, white; Whitleyi, white; Pottsi, semi-double dark crimson; Emily, soft rose-pink; Stanley, maroon-crimson. Double.—White, or practically white. Fes- tiva maxima, a superb variety; Alice de Julie- court; Boule de Neige, exceedingly beautiful; Mme. Calot; Noemie Demay, beautiful light pink; Mme. Crousse; Albred de Mus- set, blush white flushed with salmon rose; Mathilde de Roseneck. Shades of Pink.—Artemise, Jeanne d’Arc; _ Lady Leonora Bramwell, silvery rose, extra good; Mme. Chaumy; Modeste (Guerin); Charles Verdier; Delicatissima, light rose, carmine margin; Modele de perfection. Red or Crimson.—Gloire de Douai, extra good, perhaps the darkest of all peonies; Am- broise Verschaffelt; Isabella Karlitzky. Pale Red and Sulphur Shades.—Mme. Emile Galle; Triomphe de Paris; Solfaterre, the finest of all sulphur-colored peonies. LATE FLOWERING VARIETIES Duchesse de Nemours (Calot), white, very large; Marie Lemoine, white with yellow anthers, very beautiful; M. Dupont, white; Triomphe du Nord (Millez), pink; Mme. Forel, pink; Souv. de Gaspard (Calot), pink; Berlioz, red; Richardson’s rubra superba, red. TREE PEONIES The tree peony, P. Moutan, is a woody plant, or shrub, three or four feet in height, which does not die down to the ground each year. It is hard to propagate, because it does not form large, fleshy rootstocks like the herbaceous kinds. It is worth growing for the large size of its flowers. Propagation is usually done by grafting on roots of the herba- ceous peony (P. officinalis), which tends to [* The names given in this article are those in common use in the trade, but their accuracy is not guaranteed. The whole matter of nomenclature is now being tested by growing collections at Cornell.] THE GARDEN MAGAZINE make it short lived. Fortunately some growers, and especially the Japanese, are beginning to graft it on moutan stocks. When this has been done it is necessary to carefully watch the plants the first year and break off all shoots arising from the stocks in order that they may not choke out the graft. If allowed to grow you will get a host of magenta flowers instead of the delicate colors of the graft. In warm, sunny situations tree peonies have a way of budding out too early in spring and so get frozen. On this account it is often necessary to give them a slight protection in spring on frosty nights. There are about one hundred varieties of doubles and five hundred varieties of singles to choose from, but it is really harder to get hold of choice kinds of tree peony than of the herbaceous type. For lawn specimens and for shrub- bery foregrounds the tree peony in pink or white colors is unsurpassed. Cornflowers That Lived Outdoors all Winter E have raised cornflowers for many seasons, but never before did we have any that acted like perennials. They bloomed in November, several weeks after the tender vegetables were killed by early frost. The early and continuous snow kept them in cold storage, and in March the plants turned to a healthy green and later sent up buds that bloomed in May, when self-sown cornflower plants were only a few inches high. The plants were unusually strong and bushy, which we attribute to doses of liquid manure given them both last fall and this spring. Doubtless our experi- ence would not have been so remarkable if we had not planted the seeds late, the end of July. and then kept all the fall-blooming 108. picking off (Centaurea Cyanus) were made to flower in November. They remained in the garden all winter and bloomed again in March. A self-sown seedling shown in pot Late flowering is induced by constantly the early buds. These cornflowers ~I Or flowers picked clean so they could not go to seed. This season’s bloom was a month ahead of self-sown plants, which flower the last week in June. R. A. Mason. New York. August-sown Lettuce That Broke the Record Photograph by the author \ \ 7E had fresh lettuce from the open gar- den on New Year’s Day. Seed was sown August 13th, but some of the heads were not used and were left standing. The snow 109. Sow iettucein August and September for Fali crops. The earlier sowing will mature heads in the open, later sowings are to transplant to coldframes. These heads of Big Boston were sown August 13th and gathered January Ist came early and came to stay, so the lettuce was covered all winter. On January rst we saw green leaves showing above the snow, and an investigation revealed several heads of lettuce that looked very fresh, hardly differ- ent from what we pick in midsummer, except that the outer leaves were thick and tough, almost like cabbage leaves, but the hearts were quite good, not so sweet and tender as summer lettuce, of course, but still eatable. Several plants were left till spring. They flourished and were in blossom on June 26th, much ahead of the fall-planted lettuce, which was no more than in bud on July 13th, when the wintered lettuce had ripe seeds; from these we expect to have a good crop of heads this fall. Big Boston was the kind used in this patch that wintered over, as that is recom- mended as the “‘very best for fall,” to which we can add, the very best for winter also. What a pity lettuce will not stand the hot weather, but evidently the only way to have salad in midsummer is to plant endive! By the middle of July lettuce becomes tough and *‘bolts”—that is, it starts running to seed. Plenty of water may help matters somewhat, but it is of no use to expect the cos kinds, the most delicately flavored, to stand the heat as well as the cabbage sorts. Lettuce must have a rich moist soil and the surface stirred often, as quick growth makes for flavor, tenderness, and looks. Nitrate of soda worked around the plants, or dissolved in water and poured near the roots, is used by some gardeners. SOWING IN SEPTEMBER FOR WINTER Extend the lettuce season by using cold- frames and hotbeds. About September 15th a sowing can be made and the plantlets trans- planted for wintering in coldframes. In I’eb- ruary a planting can be made in a coldframe that has good protection, and in March seeds sown in a hotbed will make good plants for setting out in April. Every garden needs a frame or two. Without these adjuncts seed sowing must be deferred until early in the spring. If hot-weather plantings are to be risked seed can be put in every two weeks from the second week in April to the second week in August, but it will be necessary to shade the later plantings during the heat of the day. SALADS IN THE WINDOW GARDEN Even if you have no coldframe, a still earlier crop from the home garden can be started in a sunny window March ist. A temperature of 70° by day and 50° by night will agree withit. These plants, transplanted to boxes and hardened gradually to outside conditions before being set in the garden, will give good results. The August planting will be yielding heads in October or November, and a loose covering of hay will give protection from the frost that will naturally threaten at that season. I find broadcast sowing is better than in drills, using a strip about a half yard wide. The method is economical of space, and the plants can be easily thinned and worked, and it is less trouble to cover them from heat by day or frost by night. Another good plan is to grow the lettuce between bush limas, or other spreading plants that are planted some distance apart, and the shade will help protect the lettuce. My cus- tom has been to sow lettuce in the seed bed nine days before bush limas, and then, when the lettuce is of transplantable size (about three or four weeks after sowing), set out both together in their permanent bed. ‘The limas should stand a half yard or two feet apart, which leaves room for lettuce to grow be- 110. garden border they flower in May. The secret of having plenty of pansies very early in spring is sowing in August. Transplant into a coldframe for March flowers THE GARDEN MAGAZINE tween. Or else sow lettuce four weeks before time for plantinz bush limas and transplant to the same bed at the same time. Lettuce seedlings can be set between other crops in any place where they can be left undisturbed for two months; by that time they will have headed and so will be out of the way. A very short row of seeds gives a big return. Ten feet yielded one hundred for transplanting, besides those left for earlier heading, six inches apart in the original row. The young plants are very sensitive to hot, dry air. Some newly set out were kept perfectly fresh and crisp with the protection of a strawberry basket for a few days, while those left uncoy- ered were limp and wilted by the hot, dry weather. We generally allow three months from sowing to heading, but one year we had heads on June oth from seed planted April 7th. Lettuce sown on October 26th gave good heads on June 14th, and we picked a head on June 3d from self-sown seed. New York. T. M. A. Paar, How to Get Pansies Blooming in March Photograph by the author Soe pansy seed in August and winter the young plants. Climate regulates the exact date of seed sowing. In a place where one may expect a killing frost any time after the middle of September it is necessary to get the seed in the ground early enough so the young plants can get a sturdy growth before the frost comes. a hey T Transplanted into the SEPTEMBER, 1905 withstand the winter best when they are at least four weeks old before the cold weather comes; and, on the other hand, they should not be so large as to require cutting back before the spring growth begins. Our pansy seed was sown August 7th, but there is good success for most people by planting during the middle of the month. Provide deep fine soil by working the bed over and over before sowing the seed. If the garden is rich and loamy no fertilizer _ need be applied. After sowing keep #l from getting baked on top by a fine grass cuttings from the lawn aypnkled over the bed. “A We had five packages of seed costing fifty cents. Each package of seed was scattered in a drill by itself, for we wanted to keep the colors separate. ‘The seed was covered very lightly with earth and walked into the ground. There is no better way to press the seed down than to use the foot. On the 27th of the month the seed was up, and it seemed as if every one had sprouted. We were surprised, for in the house in the spring we could never count on half the seeds sprouting when we grew them in the window in pans. By September 21st the plants were three inches high. They had received no atten- tion whatever up to this time, except water from the hose when the weather was very dry, in common with all the growing things of the garden. That night came our killing frost, and all the glory of the garden was laid low. The pansies were not covered. TRANSPLANTING TO THE OPEN GROUND Next day we transplanted nine dozen of the plants to an open bed running east and west in the centre of the garden in the full sunshine. The soil had been carefully dug up and left open some weeks previous. A sprinkling of bone dust was added just before the final raking of the bed. The plants were set in rows north and south, the short way of the bed, about ten inches apart. We planted according to colors. The west end of the bed was given up to black pansies; next came a band of deep purple; beyond these were the yellows, and pure white flowers took up the other end. The graded color effect was good. THE EARLINESS OF THE COLDFRAME The fifth package of seed (mixed vari- eties) was transplanted to a coldframe for early blooming. It faced south, and was sheltered from the north and east winds by a lattice screen. The earth had been dug and turned while the plants were growing. As the plants were to have a hurried growth in the spring and would need quick nourish- ment, well-rotted manure was added to the soil instead of bone dust. ‘These plants were set as close as six inches to one another. The coldframe accommodated a dozen and a half. None of the young plants died by trans- planting, though they did not grow any more that fall. The seedling bed hardly showed where we had removed the young plants. SEPTEMBER, 1905 THE. GARDEN MAGAZINE Thi Specialties for Fall Planting We offer for Fall of 1905 an unusually large and well-grown stock of FRUIT TREES for ORCHARD and GARDEN, embracing varieties best adapted to various soils and regions. ORNAMIPN EAL. TREES, SHRUBS ETC: Consisting of rare and beautiful species and varieties for the embellishment of public and private grounds; Shade ‘Trees, Street Trees and Flowering Shrubs, including Lemoine’s marvelous New Double Lilacs, Deutzias, Mock Orange, etc. ROSES are a specialty, and we have a larger and better supply this year than ever. Our assortments embrace all of the old favorites, as well as the newest kinds from the most celebrated raisers in Europe. Our novelties embrace introductions of rare beauty and excellence. PEONIES AND PHLOXES Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily grown plants we have to offer the choicest kinds, selected with great care. HARDY PLANTS. Including the most ornamental, flowering from early spring till late autumn, particular attention being given to Iris, Japan and German. QOur Beautiful Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue—144 pages, a manual indispensable to Planters, also Descriptive List of Novelties and Specialties for Fall, 1905, mailed free on request. ELLWANGER & BARRY, mount cre NURsiRms, Rochester, N. Y. IT WAS NOT BY CHANCE We were awarded the FIRST PRIZE at Chicago in June for most extensive collection of . BUT BY YEARS OF Peonies SYSTEMATIC SELECTIONS OF VARIETIES Our new Peony Catalogue is ready with cultural directions and prices on two and three-year-old clumps that will flower next spring. Now is the time to plant them. Also Evergreens and some of the Deciduous Trees and Shrubs, which we will deliver, plant and guarantee at a siight excess over catalogue prices (on orders amounting to one hundred dollars and within a reasonable distance of New York City). All known means are used to have our stock shapely, vigorous and hardy. Particular attention is paid to digging and packing. Landscape designs and plans for herbaceous gardens and borders. We move large trees. ‘Take a few hours’ time some day and inspect our grounds of over roo acres: filled with personally selected specimens from the best growers in America and Europe. A carriage will meet any train by calling up 91L Jamaica. Send for catalogue. COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY, QUEENS, LONG ISLAND, N.Y. r 78 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 Plant Peonies Now ALL is the best time to plant them and the earlier it is done the better. You will then have a good display of flowers next spring. There is no other flower that will give you such an attractive display and supply of flowers for cutting. When once planted they practically take care of themselves and are well adapted planted in the border bed or in solid beds. The cultivation of these grand plants is one of our leading specialties and we grow the choicest varieties in large quantities. Write at once for our illustrated and de- scriptive booklet of Peonies and other choice hardy plants and shrubs that should be planted in the fall for best results. Don’t wait until spring to plant if you want plenty of flowers and good effects next year. Department B WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES SIDNEY, OHIO GEORGE T. POWELL Consulting Horticulturist Equitable Building, 120 Broadway, New York Examinations made of land and locations for country homes. Information and instruction in Gardening Ornamental and Fruit tree planting, Lawn making and Poultry raising. SUN-DIALS se with or without PEDESTALS Send for illustrated Price List H Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co. New York Office, 1123 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Pot Grown UR PLANTS are grown with theleneatest scarey and tine healthy, strong condition they are in when shipped by us will give a full crop by next year if plants are set out any time up to Sept. 15th. VERY EARLY VARIETIES: Thompson, Climax. Fairfield, Success, Lady MID-SEASON VARIETIES: Wm. Belt, McKinley, New York, Oom Paul, Nick Ohmer, Glen Mary, Sample, Marshall, Bismarck, Senator Dunlop, Warfield, Clyde, Burbach. LATE VARIETIES: Gandy, Lester Lovett, Aroma, Joe, Late Champion. Arline, Price per dozen, 75 cents; per 100, $3.50 per 1,000, $25.00 Catalogue and Cultural directions mailed free STUMP & WALTER CO., 50 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK NEW YORK There were about 450 seedlings from five packages of seed, and the surplus was left in the bed until spring, for we had not made _ room for so many plants. On October 21st we covered the open beds with about four inches of straw and brush trimmed from the flower beds. It is essential to get some covering that will not exclude the air from the plants, or else the tops will decay. The sashes of the coldframe were left open for some days after the plants were set that they might be hardened. During the winter | these plants had no other covering than the glass window fitted in firmly and the blanket of snow that was tucked about the frame most of the time. During an open winter a straw mat should be laid over the glass. LETTING IN THE SPRING AIR In the warm middays of early spring the glass windows were raised an inch or more. By the middle of March we were picking pansies every day from the coldframe. At Easter time the bed was a mass of bloom. As the plants grew we had to raise the glass. By the time the sashes could be removed the plants were a foot high. The open beds were uncovered the latter part of April. The seedlings, which had not been transplanted, began to grow so fast that we were bothered to find room for them. The marigold bed was bordered with deep purple pansies. The purple and gold made a royal show in July and August. Black pansies were set beside the mignonette. We had pansies in every nook of the garden and dozens of plants to spare. A THOUSAND BLOOMS A DAY The plants in the coldframe bloomed | from the middle of March through July. Then they were trimmed back to get a fresh start for fall blooming. The next plants to bloom were those set in the open bed in the fall. They bloomed from the end of May and continued all through August. The plants that were transplanted in the spring were slower in starting, and they did not bloom any longer. It would seem from our experience that the young plants should be moved in the fall to their per- manent positions. We spent fifty cents for seed. We raised 450 plants. A few plants were lost during the summer by attacks from stem borers. These would not number a dozen. About three times during the season the plants were sprayed with suds made from tobacco soap. From June through midsummer we picked an average of 3,000 blooms every third day. Keeping the flowers picked was the never-ending attention the plants de- manded of us. We tried a few experiments in color grouping, and are now firmly con- vinced that the different varieties should be grown separately—each color a solid mass, and graded from dark to light. Promiscuous mixing is not so pleasing. The best named strains of seed should always be bought; they give larger flowers and better colors. Pennsylvania. FLORA Lewis MARBLE. SEPTEMBER, 1905 ADI IS: GARDEN MAGAZINE 79 The Evergreen Hedge] Inviting a Thunderbolt and Specimen | rees “Tt is in vain to look for a defense against light- of the dwellers beneath its tall tower. If, then, ning.’’ Thus wrote Publius Syrus, a wise man of | you own a windmill, run for your life from beneath shown below were bought of the year 42 B.c. But, onthe other hand, isitnot the such a dangerous structure whenever the lightning us, and cost less than $10. height of folly to izwite the thunderbolt? Modern plays. But, in case you have not yet installed a s science with its experiments, as private water-supply, look into the merits of the well as every-day experience, only kind which is absolutely safe and reliable at provesthat lightning usually all times and seasons—that is, the y\ seeks isolated objects, such as high trees, and espe- 6 cially tall structures Hot-Air Pump made in whole or in part of iron or steel. This little machine requires no high, unsightly | Every man,there- tower; you can tuck it away anywhere, in your )) fore, who erects cellar, or in a corner of some outhouse. It is fast ~= above his house — superseding the windmill and every other form of or barn a wind- supplying water, because it is the best. —_ mill with much The Hot-Air Pump is within the purchasing metal in its con- power of the modest dweller in any Country Cot- Six Million Evergreens in Nursery WA |e : f ; a struction places tage. It can now be bought at the We ship in August, September and October, and Gahg\ a in peril the life very low price of $108. in April and May. If interested in anything in this line, write to us. You get the benefit of our 30 years’ experience. Rider-Ericsson 22750" EVERGREEN NURSERY COMPANY | a ‘ 2 Cae CW. Mental, PO. STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN = b Engine Co. ze Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W Descriptive Catalogue ‘‘U’’ sent free on application. 35 Warren Street, New Y Teniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba Telephone, 4150 Cortlandt WIRE FENCING, ORNA- MENTAL IRON WORK. LAWN FURNITURE, TREE GUARDS, ETC. TENNIS COURT, ENCLO- SURES-A SPECIALTY me Si ITE: $5 THE PREMIER | * GREEN HOUSE. | Portable. Size, 12 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 8 ft. high. Soundly constructed ot WW rou | { [ro [ i | ¢ I | Ce al i d f tra [ | Ce Gates High grade material. Fitted complete with benches, floor and glass. | Freight paid. C.H. MANLEy, Premier Mfg. Works, St. Johns, Michigan. | | Rudyard Kipling’s Famous Books Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents Kim. $1.50 The Day’s Work. $1.50 Stalky & Co. $1.50 The Brushwood Boy. $1.50 Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50 The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00 Life’s Handicap : Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50 From Sea to Sea. Two volumes. $2.00 The Light That Failed. $1.50 Soldier Stories. $1.50 Wark Wcleott Balestict, The Naulabie, $1.50 | W H E E | O ( cyapmenta patties an allads and Barrack-Room SRE GUARD AND TRELLIS Soldiers Three. The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White. $1.50 E Made of heavy galvanized wires. Send us name of Published and sent on receipt of price by your dealer if he does not keep them. Catalogue. Malu Ce COMPANY WRIGHT WIRE CO., - - 69 Hammond Street, Worcester, Mass. H THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 E EVERGREENS Or Tested Hardiness VERGREENS that have withstood the severe cold of the last two winters and have been root-pruned and transplanted many times. We keep our imported stock in the nurseries several years and transplant at regular intervals, thus insuring strong stock that is sure to grow. We believe we have the finest speci- men trees in the country, which have been given the most systematic care to make them symmetrical and thrifty. Each tree is given 64 square feet of ground in growing. We discard all stunted and unsymmetrical trees. Our stock comprises the rarest European and Japanese varieties as well as the domestic, and is composed mainly of fine specimens in large and small sizes that will give immediate effect. We have an unequaled stock of COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE every one of which is a specimen—symmetrical, bushy and of the most exquisite blue. Pines, Spruces, Retinosporas Arborvitaes, Box Write for our little booklet containing illustrations of grounds that we have planted showing the results that can be obtained by planting tastefully. Ask also about prices. ENRY E. BURR, Old fashioned TELEPHONE 506 W. ORANGE South Orange, N. J. PEONIES 100 CHOICE NAMED VARIETIES The most complete list in the United States of the best and newest Peonies at prices that cannot fail to interest the buyer. Catalog mailed free. CURRIE BROS. CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Milwaukee, Wis. Landscape Architect and Nurseryman, IRVINGTON AND BOYDEN AVES. arp JOlants “* flower Gardens including Phloxes, Bell-Flowers, Larkspurs, Poppies, Pzonies, Iris, Garden Pinks, novelties. Day Lilies, etc. Also fine collection of Catalogue on application. FREDERIC J. REA Norwood, Mass. Marvelous New Rose ‘* Baby Rambler” Strong, 2-vear-old plants, 85c. each, or 2 plants for $1.50, postpaid. Also four other sizes at right prices. Moncey back tf not satisfactory. The rose that Blooms. Blooms aZ the time, with a whole lot of beautiful crimson clusters— not two or three roses at a time, but a continual mass of rich, bright crimson, from November to May, indoors. Blooms outdoors all summer—will not ‘ winter kill.” Two-year-old plants are in bloom when you get them Sent in fibre pots, with the soil on the roots All ready for your window—great for the house or conservatory in winter. “ Baby Rambler” is a dwarf—grows two feet high—a bushy, well-shaped rose, with shiny, dark green foliage, seldom troubled by insects or disease. It is exceptionally popular and has won highest awards both in America and Europe. Write to-day for our New Floral Guide, containing list of the choicest roses for both outdoor and indoor fall planting —free if you mention GARDEN MAGAZINE, THE CONARD & JONES CO., west Grove, pa. Growers of the “Best Roses in America.” A Hundred Thousand Bulbs for School Children 12 was six years ago that the first step was taken in Cleveland, O., to interest the school children in gardening. It began as a home gardening club in connection with one of the settlement houses right in the heart of the city. Seeds of the most vigorous-growing common annuals were bought by the pound — and divided into several packets that repre- sented one cent’s worth. Prizes were offered for the best gardens. So enthusiastic were the children about their gardens that attention was drawn to the public schools as the natural channel for extending the work. In the win- ter of r900 a home gardening association, including many connected with the schools, was formed, with Mr. E. W. Haines as presi- dent. Each primary school was supplied with printed cards, having on one side the list of seeds, with spaces for marking the quantities wanted, and for the name and room number, while on the other side were simple directions for the preparation and care of the garden. These cards and the money to pay for the seeds were returned to the teachers, and an order forwarded to the committee of the asso- ciation. The scholars paid one cent for a packet of seed, which was purchased in bulk and measured off according to the size of the grain. The number of packets to the pound varies greatly, of course; a pound of verbena seed will give 950 packets, whereas a pound of sweet peas yields but seventy-five packets. At first practical and explicit direc- tions for preparing the soil and planting the seed were printed on the envelope, with variety name. This was modified later, and the instructions are now given on separate cards. The first year the scholars bought 48,868 packets, and in subsequent years orders came from all the grades, with the following results: In 1901 there were sold 121,673 packets; 1902, 116,489 packets; 1903, 137,095 pack- ets; 1904, 152,106 packets and 27,440 gladiolus bulbs; 1905, 220,663 packets and 13,104 gladiolus bulbs; making a grand total of 796,894 packets and 40,544 bulbs. In 1903 5,000 packets were supplied to improvement associations and schools of Cleveland; while in 1904 the out-of-town orders increased to 57,857, and this year the figures are about 100,000. Vegetables were added to the list this year, including beets, beans, lettuce, onions, corn and radishes, beside the following twelve flowers: aster, balsam, cornflower, coreopsis, four-o’clock, marigold, nasturtium, morning glory, poppy, phlox, sweet pea, and gladiolus bulbs. The work of putting up these seeds gives employment to from twelve to eighteen women for two months or more. They each put up 1,400 to 1,500 packets a day, and last year, the seeds and bulbs ready for delivery, filled two large express wagons. What are the results? In some of the schools 85 per cent. of the pupils have gardens. Last fall 30,000 children wrote letters describ- ing their gardens. SEPTEMBER, 1905 The quality of Vick’s Bulbs is known wherever bulbs are planted. They never disappoint. BUY VICK’S AND GET RESULTS $ .65 per dozen { $ .25 per doz. .05 each 1 1.20 ‘ 100 ) oe “ “ : ce Ni 25 igen doz. | 1.25 per dozen double } x.00 ‘ 100, Narcissus, from 20 cents to 60 cents per dozen Hyacinths, in fine mixture | Tulips, superfine, single mixed ss named varieties At dozen and single prices we prepay mail or express charges. Hundred lots by express not prepaid. Send for our Free Catalogue, which gives descriptions and prices of over 200 kinds of bulbs. It’s an interesting book to lovers of flowers. An order for bulbs this fall will entitle you to our handsome Garden and Floral Guide issued Jan. Ist. JAMES VICK’S SONS, -_ Rochester, N. Y. 362 MAIN STREET, EAST One of the formal and conspicuous positions to which the Peony is well adapted September is the Time to Plant Peonies—We have a large collection of strong 4 and 5 year old clumps. Ask for list of varieties. Tree Peonies (Paeonia Moutan)—in 25 named varieties. Old Fashioned Hardy Flowers—Such as Japanese and German Iris, Hardy Phlox, Delphiniums, Aconitums, etc. Lilies—A complete list of Japan and European varieties. Evergreens—A large collection of the choicest hardy Conifers. Bulbs—Dutch (Hyacinth, Tulip, Crocus, Daffodils, etc.) ; French and Japanese. Catalogue ready. Ask for our general catalogue BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. MAGAZINE 81 Glimpses into Our Fields of German Iris & Paeonies If you are interested in hardy herlaceous plants, choice evergreens, potted strawberry plants, and other seasonable hardy garden material, send for our new special Summer and Autumn List. It is now ready. THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Our large GENERAL CATALOGUE is yours for the asking Dreer’s Dutch Flyacinths HE Hyacinth is so well known and esteemed that any de- scription of its many good qual- is only ities is needless. It necessary to start right with good buibs to be certain of a bounteous harvest of fragrant spikes. We know our bulbs are good; they illustrated ana are described, offered in our Autumn Catalogue It also tells about Tulips, Crocus, Snow- mailed Free on request. drops, Lilies, etc., also Hardy Perennial Plants, Seeds, etc., that can be planted now. Henry A. Dreer 714 Chestnut S:reet Philadelphia, Pa. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Pearline Keeps Glass Brilliant BRIARCLIFF MANOR, New York Briarclitf Lodge *PHONE 1 | NOW OPEN | Briarcliff Realty information at Home Office, Briarcliff Manor, or at New York Store, Windsor Arcade, Fifth Ave.and 46th St., by appointment. Davip B. Piumer, Gen’! Mgr., Briarcliff Manor, N. Y. PAEONIES From the very first the enterprise has been self-supporting, and each year the money from the sales has paid for the seeds them- selves, and also the printing, packing, etc., and also left a surplus which was expended on illustrated lectures on gardens and as prizes for the annual flower shows held in the school buildings. It is contrary to the policy of the association to give the seeds away, as experience has shown that one packet paid for has more value in the child’s eyes and therefore receives more care than half a dozen packets to be had for the asking. Cleveland was the pioneer in putting up penny packets of seed and selling them to the scholars. STELLA S. McKEE. = y Le The Borers Are Active | ENG September examine trees and shrubs for signs of borers. The young of the apple-tree borer confine their operations largely to the base of the tree and may be detected by the characteristic borings hanging from a small orifice. The very destructive peach borer works similarly at the base of peach trees, and its presence is usually indi- cated by the exuding gum. The young of the sugar maple borer, a most destructive insect, is usually found at work on the under side of the lower branches or along the trunk up among the limbs. SUDDEN WILTING OF TWIGS Z in bi Be sure that you get the original, For sale everywhere or by Mail 25e. Sample Free. 77y Mennen's Violet Talcwmn. GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. Poultry Department Any information about the selection and care of poultry or other information on the subject will gladly be given. Address Poultry Information Department, THE GARDEN MaGaziNne. 133 East 16th Street, New York City. MOUTH ROCK SQUALS, which are the EAT SQUABS sigue arn ois 3 j 4 weeks, sell for &2.50 to &6.00 doz. and when you buy them ask for PLY- Squabs are raised in Good money breed- <, ing them everywhere; women do well. We were the first— sid our books, breeding methods and famous Plymouth Rock AO AO % big thoroughbred Homers revolutionized the in- Oe) dustry. Visitors welcome at farm; correspondence & AQ Aer invited. First send for our Free Book, ‘* How to uid 5) Wid Tud) Make Money with Squabs," Was at j 7 7 and learn this profitable busi- wisTadtus{ud » Wid} ness. Ask also for new printed matter. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 339 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. SQUABS four weeks old. are money- makers. Ready for market when Breeders produce Each from 8 to ro pairs every year. pair can be sold for 50 to 80 cents. Onr Homers produce the finest squabs in this country. They re- quire little attention. Send for in- formation and prices. HOMER SQUAB COMPANY PoxI, LINDENHURST, N. Y. The finest collection in this country of 200 varieties English and French. All the latest. The best time to plant is from September Ist to freezing. Lists free. E. J. Shaylor, Specialist, Wellesley Hills, Mass. Ellen Glasgow’s Books The Deliverance. $1.50. The Voice of the People. The Battleground. $1.50. ‘The Freeman and Other Poems. Postage, 5 cents. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY ye The young caterpillars of the leopard moth, a most serious pest about New York City, begin their operations in the twigs, and the wilting of them at any time during midsum- mer or later should lead to investigation and the removal and destruction of the infested tip which holds the grub. $1.50. THAant Department A special low rate is made in this department for . the convenience of readers to advertise for a The only sure remedy is to cut out these gardener, or for gardeners to offer their services. borers, even though the tree is injured to | |_— = some extent, because the grubs, if allowed to live, are likely to cause a great deal more Competent Gardeners damage than the cutting. Where only a The comforts and products of a GoneNiy home are increased by few borers are detected they may be hunted acne LE OF: by means of a hooked wire inserted into the hole made by the borer, and pushed as far as it will go. This usually kills the grub. Some people have successfully used bisul- phide of carbon for killing borers when the holes could be conveniently reached by the spout of an oil can. The poison is squirted in and the hole sealed with moist clay. Still, the other methods are better. 13, Je, JSiaiear, New York State Entomologist. Net, $1.50. THE PRACTICAL REMEDY employing a competent Please give particulars gardener; regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. Gardeners Register High-class men, with good records, can be obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, 14 Barclay Street, New York City. No fee. write to us. Make Your Spare Time Count by taking our Correspondence Course in Horticulture under Prof. John Craig, of Cornell University. Treats of Vegetable Gardening, Fruit Growing, Flori- culture and the Ornamentation of Grounds. We also offer a course in Modern Agri- eulture under Prof. Brooks, of Massachu- setts Agricultural College. Full Commer- eial, Normal and Academie departments. Tuition nominal, Text-books free to our students, Catalogue and particulars Sree. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL, Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass. SEPTEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 83 Why wait on fickle showers? With a CALDWELL Tank and Tower you can store water and use it at the exact moment to bring the best results for your early plants. Our catalogue tells you what such a plant will cost. W.E. CALDWELL CO. LOUISVILLE, KY. J. &S. KINGLY COLLECTION OF PANSY SEED is the finest strain it is possible to produce. This is the time to sow it. Per packet, 25c. Per trade packet, $1.00. HYACINTHS, TULIPS, AND DUTCH BULBS Send for catalogue free, and write us your wants. JOHNSON & STOKES, SEEDSMEN Dept. A8, 217-219 Market St., PHILADELPHIA JAPANESE GARDENS | and plants. Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. Send for Catalogue. HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island RON AGE accss make gardening a pleasure ora profit. They double your capacity, especially inthe early growing time when everything needs quickaction. Send forour book, “Iron Age,” describing Seed Drills, Wheel Hoes, Potato Planters, Hand Cultivators, etoe BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 0, Grenloch, N, J, ' Strong, healthy plantsfrom selected stock of choicest fruiting varieties, sure to give satisfaction and Producea full crop in1906 Some of the finest berry Strawberry Plants \\) i YZ —N patches in America owe suc- S=s “A cess to our vigorous stock, SS Pot-grown plants have been our specialty for many years. If you want fruit also havea full line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Plants, Vines, etc., for fall planting, all grown on our home -grounds and guaranteed healthy and true to name. We also do Lanescape Gardening in all its branches. Catalogue free. T. J. DWYER & CO., P. 0. Box 4, CORNWALL, N. Y. nextseason, ordernow. We | Rhododendron Catawbiense (true species) as it grows in the high Carolina Mountains (Mt. Mitchell, 6,600 feet high in the distance) THE NATIVE AMERICAN Rhododendrons, Catawbiense, Maximum and Punctatum are the Only Strictly Hardy ‘Rhododendrons Known or Grown in the Northern and New England States. HIGHLANDS NURSERY (arst year), 3,800 feet elevation in the Carolina Mts., the one Nursery in America growing American Plants exclusively, offers them in finest specimens, single or ‘‘ clumps.’’ ALL THE BEST HARDY BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS for American conditions are grown by us in immense quantities and the leading Estates and Nurseries supplied direct, often many car- loads in a shipment. Leucothoes, Andromedas, Azaleas, Kalmias, Galax and undercover shrubs in great variety. Our Salem, Mass., branch Nursery has grand specimens of Rhododendrons and other large Evergreens to offer. Write for catalogs and full information for September planting. HARLAN P. KELSEY, Proprietor - 6 Beacon Street, BOSTON, MASS. Bulbs Bulbs Bulbs While our prices are not the lowest, we guarantee the quality strictly the highest. The fact is proven by the continued patronage of many of the best growers both on large estates, parks, cemeteries and commercial places who buy by the thou- sand. Some of them report four and five flowers each from our double-nose Von Sion. Many of our trumpet varieties of Narcissus bulbs are 3 to 4 inches in diameter, and give from 3 to 4 blooms each. Catalogue free. S. G. HARRIS, TARRYTOWN, N. Y. Poeticus Narcissus. $4.50 per 1,000 WITH THESE TWO YOU CAN HAVE Success in Preserving Vegetables and Fruits The Recipe Book containing recipes for preserving fruits and vegetables is by Dr. Jean Pacrette of Paris, eminent as one of the foremost culinary experts of France. ‘The Express Jar is the modern package for preserving fruits and vegetables which insures success in home preserving. It is the simplest, neatest and most economical to use as well as the surest. Nothing to screw on. No cumbersome clamps to tighten. No fix- tures to mar the appearance. The Express Jar seals automatically by the vacuum principle, which means absolute tightness. The fact that the leading packers of the country use the Express Jar attests its perfection. PRICES! Cuaris, $7.25 per HL express prepaid Pints Srioo Mes « “ The Recipe Book will » be sent free to readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. It contains detailed information about the Express Tar. Send for it. EXPRESS JAR COMPANY ~< 192-198 Chambers Street, NEW YORK < THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1905 Liki Why buy elsewhere, when Horsford’s Bulbs, grown in cold Vermont, wiil produce ona single stem of Auratum Lities a bouquet like this. Not all of Horsford’s Bulbs are as good as this one, but they are known to be better than the average by those who have used them. Autumn Supplement, ready last of August, wili offer a long list of lilies. and other bulbs and plants, trees and shrubs, for autumn setting. An attrac- tive Bargain List for those who have room to plant liberally. Many plants, especially shrubs and trees, ripen off their wood much earlier in this cold climate than farther south, and are ready to set earlier in the fall. You should ask for Horsford‘s Catalozue and Supplement before buying. To all who received spring catalogue of 1905, the Supplement will be sent when issued. FREDERICK H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL WM. HENRY MAULE 1711 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Arlington Tested Seeds Our 1905 catalogue tells allaboutthem. IT’S FREE. W.W.RAWSON & CO., Boston, Mass. With 20 Coloured Plates from Drawings by Hermann Friese and 16 Woodcuts The AMATEUR GARDENER’S ROSE BOOK By Dr. JULIUS HOFFMANN Translated from the German by JOHN WEATHERS, F.R.H.S., N.R.S. Author of ‘‘A Practical Guide to Garden Plants,’’ etc., etc. 8vo. Net, $2.50 GENERAL CONTENTS: I. Classification of Roses. II. Raising and Cul- ture of Roses in the Open Air. III. Propagation of Roses. IV. The Forcing of Roses. V. The Different Forms of Cultivated Garden Roses. Vl. The Raising of New Roses. VII. Enemies of the Rose. Alphabetical List of Roses. Longmans, Green & Co., Publishers NEW YORK i TRAILER: A Hydrangea That Climbs WAS much interested in the account of the vines used for covering houses at Dayton, O., published in the May GARDEN MaAGa- ZINE, but I did not find mention of the climb- ing hydrangea (/. petiolaris), which I con- sider the best of all climbing vines. It is perfectly hardy with us in Massachusetts, and the two last winters have been intensely cold —thermometer down to 32° below zero the winter before last. Neither winter injured our plant in the least, and no insect or disease has ever attacked it. It is the first plant in our garden to show leaves in the spring. The has four showy sepals and the leaves not lobed, is often confused with another Japanese vine, Schizo- phragma hydrangeoides, which has deeply lobed leaves and only one large white sepal to the sterile flowers foliage is particularly attractive, too, and even if the plant had no bloom it would be worth growing. It will cling to stone, but not to wood. Every two years I string insulated telegraph wire (which is covered with rubber) across it. It is always in full bloom in June. The plant shown in the photograph was set out eighteen years ago, and is now nearly forty feet high. It was slow of growth at first, but after it got a good start grew quite rapidly. I measured some of the new shoots of this year and found they had grown four- teen inches. Unlike most Japanese plants, it is not impatient of dry weather. Massachusetts. H. HEATON. @ With the camel’s hair brush of the hybridizer | these men of sunny France, toiling patiently with ROYAL PEONIES CroussE! CatoT! Mecuin! what have these men wrought ? the Peony, have brought into being rare marvels of beauty. Have you seen them? @ Do you know that the peony as represented by these creations is the coming flower—the flower now here? Combining, as it does, unequalled hardiness, simplicity of cul- ture, freedom from disease and insect pests, beauty of foliage and a range and delicacy of coloring scarcely equalled by the rose, it comes to you for an appre- ciation which it more than deserves. @. Autumn is the time to plant this flower. ‘The roots are then en- tirely dormant and can be shipped, in light packing, anywhere where flower-planting people live. Strong roots, if autumn planted, will flower the following year, and each recurring season will show a greatly increased profusion of bloom. @ That I may bring you to know of the great merit of this flower (which is a specialty with me, second only to the rose) and the surpassing beauty of these French sorts, I am of- fering a‘ Royal Collection’’ comprising twelve of the choicest varieties yet produced, including Duchess de Nemours (Calot), La Tulipe, Rose d’Amour, Solfatare, Festiva Maxima, Joan of Arc, etc., for $7.50, two sets for $14. This collection is made up of selected strong blooming roots and is une- qualled in value by any other peony offer made. G. H. PETERSON, Rose and Peony Specialist 457 Eleventh Avenue, Paterson, N. J. HARDY PERENNIALS FOR FALL PLANTING A Large Stock of THE BEsT VARIETIES. Send for FALL Price List. Ready Sept. Ist. NATHAN SMITH & SON, 92 W. MAUMEE ST., ADRIAN, MICH. There are several kinds of Mushroom Spawn We produce the BEST kind. Uncle Sam’s experts say so. If you want fine fresh mushrooms next fall and winter send for our booklet now. . Tells all about it. Pure CultureSpawnCo. Meramec Highlands, Mo. 12 Mushrooms, 4 lbs., from “‘ Tissue Culture Pure Spawn.’’ Would it please you to have Freesias at Christ= mas? Youcanif you plant now. Enough for a pot. how to grow, and my Little Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs (if you garden indoors or out you should have this little book), all for 10c. Your address brings the Brown Book to your door Henry Saxton Adams, Jamaica Plain, Mass. PEONIES Wholesale and retail catalogues ready for distribution. Sent free on application. All stock guaranteed true to name. Send your orders in early to be assured of a good collection for fall planting. PETERSON NURSERY »° 150 West Peterson Avenue - ° - CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SEPTEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Plastigmat 1-68. the highest achievement of the lens- [if maker’s art. Makes perfect pictures } where others fail. When fitted with the | Volute Shutter an ideal outfit for any camera. Specify Plastigmat and Volute when ordering your Camera. They are supplied on all makes. Catalog Free Bausch @ Lomb Opt. Co. Rochester, N. Y. j New York, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco 400 Day Clock for your home, and you will not have to bother with winding it every day. Think of a clock that will run over a year (400 days) with only one winding. The mechanism of the 400 Day Clock is very simple and therefore not easy to get out of order. The clock is made of highly polished brass encased in a glass dome, keeping it ab- solutely dust proof. 12 inches high, 8 inches wide, it is a beautiful ornament for any home, and especially desirable for country homes. Price $15.60, express prepaid anywhere inthe U.S. Our booklet ‘Anniversary Time” tells you all about these wonderful clocks. Sent free on request. Anderton @ Son, Dept. C, Dayton, 0. Acres of Trees and Plants @We grow choice Nursery Stock, and Acres of it. We can supply in large or small quantities Fruit, Forest, Ornamen- tal and Evergreen Trees, Shrubbery, Roses, Climbing Vines, Herbaceous and Perennial Plants, Asparagus, California Privet, and in fact everything advisable for planting Avenues, Lawns, Fruit or Ornamental Gardens. Also Landscaping a Specialty and at Reasonable Prices. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Send for Catalogue. Address The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Co. Inc. New Canaan, Conn. The ideal touring car must represent the problems of motor power, safety, strength and light- ness, perfectly solved. So far, the Studebaker 1905 Four Cylin- der Model represents the most successful solution. Its striking commonsense features, such as an absolutely sure ignition method, a lubrication system under which dry bearings are impossible, a rear axle construction that takes dead weight from the axle drive, and other devices, give solid satisfac- tion to the practical enthusiast. Complete catalogs forwarded on request STUDEBAKER AUTOMOBILE COMPANY SOUTH BEND, IND. Member Ass'n of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers Agencies in all principal cities Valuable Catalogue and Booklet “‘ Warmth” on Modern Steam and Hot Water Heating, mailed free. Address THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY 9 Plant Street, GENEVA, N. Y. 39 Cortland Street, NEW YORK 39 Oliver Street, BOSTON The autumnal picture of a smart trap behind a spanking pair, or a drag with merry crowd aboard, bowling along a country highway, lures many a man from an irksome roll-top in the city to his seat on the box. The matchless perfection of the Studebaker turn-outs (harness and vehicle), evidenced by masterly lines and ever dependable sturdi- ness, accounts for their prevalence in fine country stables. STUDEBAKER BROTHERS MANUFACTURING CO. SOUTH BEND, IND. New ‘fork City, Broadway and 7th Ave. at 48th St. Chicago, Il., 378 to 388 Wabash Ave. Kansas City, Mo., 810 to 814 Walnut St. San Francisco, Cal., Corner Market and 10th Sts. Portland, Ore., 330 to 336 East Morrison St. Denver, Colo., Corner 15th and Blake Sts. Salt Lake City, Utah, 157 to 159 State St. Dallas, Texas, 317 tc 319 Elm St. Local Agencies Everywhere Factory and Executive Offices : SOUTH BEND, IND. As an Investment Furman Boilers return large Dividends in improved Health, increased Comfort, and Fuel Saved. SELLING AGENTS: EDW. S. DEAN, Bloomington, Ill. E. K. BARR, La Crosse, Wis. JAS. SPEAR S. & H. CO., 1014 Market St., Philadelphia 86 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE _ dea 99% of a Camera’s Value Is in the Lens IF YOU HAVE A CAMERA that doesn’t take fine pictures— you haven’t the right lens. It’s all in the lens. ‘The better the lens, the finer the pictures. Perfect pictures can only be taken with a GOERZ LENS because it is the best made. Made in many styles for many purposes and cameras, Our SYNTOR Lens (price $21.15 and upwards) is the lens for small kodaks and hand cam- eras. A perfect Lens at a popular price. Write for our Lens Book B-9— it will tell you all about Lenses and Lens values. C. P. GOERZ OPTICAL WORKS NEW YORK CHICAGO 52 E. Union Square Heyworth Building BERLIN LONDON PARIS ST. PETERSBURG Y Own Electric Light Plant We have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes, camps, hotels, schools, launches, yachts, etc. Every detail included; very best material ; absolutely practical. So simple no electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery included. Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pumping water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every reader of THE GARDEN MaGazine who is likely to be interested our new 60-page Catalogue de- OUR STANDARD Nes: scribing over 130 different outfits. Address Lighting Dept. s= AOO LIGHT OUTFIT ‘ RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. A Pump that Needs Neither Fuel nor Attention The ideal system for country homes, stables, fountains, greenhouses or formal gardens. In larger plants it gives perfect satisfaction for towns, institutions, railroad tanks or irrigation. Steam, gasolene or hot air pumps require fuel and atten- HYDRAULIC tionh) slttis folly to instal such a plant where there is water enough to operate a Rife Hydraulic Ram which costs no more and pumps water anywhere without atten- RAMS tion or cost for fuel Runs without stopping as long as the water flows It is at least worth your while, since it costs you nothing to ask us for full information about a aa plan suited to your needs, to be installed under full guarantee of satisfaction or no pay. We have thousands in use on ne ave supplie >d some of the greatest private estates in the country. The U.S. Government, many railroads and public works are using them. Write us for particulars about this—the simplest, cheapest, most convenient method of obtaining a constant flow of water in any quantity anywhere you want it. POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY, Liberty and Greenwich Streets, NEW YORK THE BAY STATE NURSERIES Autumn 1905 Catalog, designed especially for Gar- deners and Owners of Large Estates, now ready. HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS eee Our Herbaceous Department contains over a Thousand Varieties of Hardy Perennials, new and old. Paeonias, Phlox, Iris, Hardy Asters, in fact everything required for Garden and Border Planting. Shade and Evergreen Trees in great variety. Hardy Shrubs, Vines, Roses of every description. Our nurseries are located eighteen miles south of Boston. e have rapid transit both north and south. Freight arrives in New York or Boston the next morning after shipment. The BAY STATE NURSERIES Ww. H. WYMAN NORTH ABINGTON, - MASSACHUSETTS SEPTEMBER, 1905 UPON } HAVING THE FERRIS DELICIOUS HAMS™BACON ALITTLE HIGHER IN PRICE UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE A Fence — Not a Netting Send for our inter- esting booklet, “A : Short sSitonystom Poultry Raisers.” we " UNION FENCE COMPANY Engineering Bld’g, New York City [ills at: New Haven, Ct.; DeKalb, Ill.; Oakland, Cal. ADVICE on datieultuenl and _horticul- tural affairs. Landscape Gar- dening, Grass Seeding, Lawn Making, Planting fruit and ornamental trees, etc. Will save you money on your purchases. Af it 20 years. W. B. CLEVES, Binghamton, N. Y. OYER Half a Century of Fair Dealing has given our products that prominence which merit deserves. We still offer everything of the best for AQ Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park, Street, Gar- den and Greenhouse. Catalogue No.1 free 3 to purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. No. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other Bulbs. Hardy Plants and Vines, Roses, Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in general. Try us; will give you a square deal and guarantee } satisfaction. Correspondence solicited. 52 years; 44 greenhouses ; 1,200 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 38, Painesville, Ohio SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP THIS IMPROVED FRUIT PICKER is made of galvanized wire. A useful and indispensable SPECIAL SEPT. wae article for gathering fruit Send 18 two-cent stamps from the tree in good con- fonjehis irGuapick es dition. Price, net,35 cts.; add for handle, 8-ft., 20 cts., ro-ft., 25 cts. Will save its cost many, many times over each day it is used. J. S. WOODHOUSE Agricultural Implements and Machines 191 and 195 WATER STREET, NEW YORK PAEONI and soon. ‘The 1 and 2 year old sizes are FESTIVA. Flowers pure white, large, double cup-shaped. Very similar to Festiva Maxima. Each, soc. 75¢. $1.00 and $2.00. QUEEN VICTORIA. An A No.1 sort. Flowers very large, full and compact, with fine broad guard petals. Opens flesh white, center petals tipped with red blotches. One of the best cut flower sorts. Follows right after Festiva Maxima in time of blooming. Each, 4oc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. JEANNE D°ARC. Delicate rose, sulphur white and carmine center. Each, goc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. MAD. MUYSSART. A large flowering sort. Flowers extra large, extremely double, and of a beautiful rose color; are borne on long, stiff stems, and are freely produced. A splen- did sort. Each, soc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. MAD. GEISSLER. Very large and double flowers; rich rose, petals edged silvery white. Each, soc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. L’ESPERANCE. Flesh rose, striped and spotted carmine. Each, soc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. GOLDEN HARVEST. A very striking variety, producing a great many large flowers. The guard petals are blush-pink, with a distinct blush-white center. The total color effect of the flower is a creamy pink. Flowers fragrant, plants very free and vigorous. Each, 7sc. $t.25, $2.00 and $3.00. MAD. PAILLET. Flower very large and of pretty shape; color, baby pink; petals edged silvery. Each, soc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. OSGOOD. Midseason. This is a very good sort, rich rose- pink, very free, and a good keeper. We have a fine stock. Each, 4oc. 75c. $1.00 and $2.00. TRIOMPHE DE L’EXPOSITION DE LILLE. Soft flesh-pink with white reflex ; very fresh and lively; rose shape. Each, 75c. $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00. DORCHESTER. Beautiful light shade of flesh pink. Dwarf grower and free bloomer; late. Each, 75c. $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00. FESTIVA MAXIMA. One of the largest and choicest of all the white Paeonies. Milk white, with a few carmine spots in the center ; flowers enormous size, often measuring 7 to 8 inches across; very double and delightfully sweet. The stems are long and strong. Early bloomer. Each, 7sc. $1.50, $2.00 and $3.00. sent prepaid by mail or express. 25 CHOICE NAMED PAEONIES We can furnish roots in four sizes, +, 2, 3 and 4 years old. Size is indicated by price, the MAD. CALOT. An excellent variety. Flowers very large and double; a very free bloomer. An improved Queen Victoria. Each, 75c. $1.00, $1.50 and $2.50. MT. BLANC. Early and sweet. Broad, snow-white guard petals, center full and high. Color, creamy yellow shading to white. Extra and vigorous; an enormous producer of blooms on long stems. Each, 75c. $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00. ANDREE LAUREE. Large, double globular shaped flowers, of a tender, rosy violet. Late flowering. Each, 2sc. 50c. $1.00 and $2.00. JULES CALOT. Dark, rosy violet; large flowering. Each, soc. 75¢. $1.00 and $2.00. RUBRA SUPERBA. Very late; dark crimson; very fine. The best late black without any stamens. Each, 5o0c. 7s5c¢. $1.00 and $2.00. MAD. CHAUMY. Flowers very large, double and full, Color, satiny pink, Each, soc. 75c. $1.00 and $1.50. LADY LENORA BRAMWELL. Beautiful shell pink. Each, 75¢c. $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00. OFFICINALIS RUBRA FL. PL. The well-known crimson variety of our grandmother’s days. The earliest of all Paeonies. Each, 25c. 50c. $1.00 and $1.50. LOUIS VAN HOUTTE. Color, deep velvety crimson; flowers large, very double, of good form and of great durability; they have kept in perfect condition on the plants for overa week. This is a very free-blooming and hardy variety. Each, 40C. 75C. $1.00 and $2.00. COURONNE D’°OR. Pure white, with reflections of yellow in the center. Petals slightiy imbricated ; fragrant. Each, $1.00 and $2.00. MARIE LEMOINE. Delicate, ivory white, very solid, massive bloom, of extra size. Wery late. Each, $1.50, $2.00, $3.00 and $4.00. DELICA'TTISSIMA. This is one of the prettiest, most deli- cate shell-pink varieties; flowers large, well-formed and freely produced. Each, 75c. $1.25, $2.00 and $3.00. MEISSONIER. Midseason. Deepest black; flowers very double and show no stamens. Each, 4oc. 75c. $1.00 and $1.50. Send for our Fall Catalog (ready by Sept. rst) for more extended list of Paeonies. 14 Barclay Street New York You Have Seen the Charm of the Hardy Garden = us CLUSTERED BELL FLOWER this summer with its succession of gorgeous bloom from early spring until frost. Why not have one of your own next year? Since you can study the hardy garden now in its glory, why not decide what yours will contain next year, and then order now for fall planting, so that you will get the selection of the stock? Our cat- alogue of hardy peren- nials will aid you in your identification and decision. We urge you to plant your garden this fall, as the result will be far more satisfactory than lesser VAUGHAN’S SEED STOR Greenhouses, Nurseries and Trial Grounds, Western Springs, III. The varieties vary from deep purple to pure white from spring planting. You will not be rushed and the garden will get an early start next year before spring-moved stock is established. We specialize in hardy perennials, devoting ourselves to the growing exclu- sively of these hardy plants. Our catalogue is new and fresh from the press and will interest you greatly. Send for a copy. J.B. KELLER SONS, 1023 South Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 44 Broad Street, Corner Milk price meaning the 1 year old roots, The two larger sizes by express only, at buyer’s expense. 84-86 Ranaolph Street Chicago Evergreens Grown in New England are safe to plant, and August and September are the months for planting. All root pruned, plenty of feeding roots and well shaped. The smallest per cent. of loss is shown in August planting. Blue spruces, Con- color Firs, Hemlocks, White Austrian and Scotch Pines, all sizes and quantities. Every hardy form of rare evergreens, in large lots and lowest prices. Hardy Perennials The largest field-grown stock in America. Newest Pzonies; Phlox and every variety popu- lar Perennial. Send for Lists of Perennials, Pot grown Strawberries, and especially of Dutch Bulbs. We offer a more reliable quality of Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus for Fall planting than is usual. Also Lilies in every variety. Landscape design is our specialty. We make plans for this work with great saving to clients, and correspondence is solicited. sketches and detailed advice sent by letter, enabling those ata distance to plant and arrange their gardens and grounds with original effect, as every local condition is studied by us and provided for. The Shady Hill Nursery Co. Suggestions, BosTON, MASss. VAUGHAN’S NETHERLAND’S TOP ROOT HYACINTHS During the harvesting of the Hyacinth bulbs in Holland it is found that a few varieties produce a limited quantity of what is known as“ top 1oots.” These bulbs are of extra large size and will throw magnificent spikes of flowers. The following are a few of the varieties of which we can offer these extra size bulbs: Gertrude, dark rose. Robert Steiger, crimson. L’Innocence, pure white. Madam Van der Hoop, blush white. Grand Lilas, light blue. Grand Maitre, dark porcelain. Price of any of these 20 cts. each, $2.00 per dozen, $15.00 per 100 For full list of Hyacinths, see our “ Fall Bulb Catalog,” mailed free on application. NARCISSUS OR DAFFODILS These flowers, so well adapted to the hardy border, are much admired by all friends of hardy flowers, and are found most useful for planting among hardy perennials and shrubbery, as well as in solid beds and borders. They are equally valuable for growing in pots and pans for house decoration, as they are easily grown and make a splendid show. The following are only part of our list both for growing in the house or naturalizing outdoors: i : Per 100 Per 1,000 Emperor. Large trumpet variety, rich yellow . 2 - $3.00 $25.00 Empress. Finest of the two-colored trumpet varieties and a fitting companion for Emperor . 3 : eS 5° 30.00 Poeticus. One of the most beautiful of the Naimicon family, pure white flower with golden yellow cup and distinct rim of eatcie especially adapted for outdoor planting .. : 5 3 A : : 3) GAG 10.00 Alba Plena Odorata. Fragrant, snow white, gardenia-like flowers. One of the hardiest of the Narcissus family . 1.25 10.00 Silver Phoenix. Large double flowers, Seeny white, shading to primrose . ‘ 6 : 3-00 Von Sion. Old-fashioned yellow aoc P 6 Gi) eRe 15.00 VAUGHAN’S SPECIAL TULIP MIXTURES We offer under this head mixtures of both Single znd Double Tulips, which we make up ourselves from the very best sorts properly proportioned. We include only such varieties as will bloom about the same time and of about the same height. The colors are chosen with care, so that they may blend and make a harmonious bed. if Per too Per 1,000 Vaughan’s Special Single Mixture. 0 : sh ple7is $15.00 Vaughan’s Special Double Mixture. : : oF PUSS) 16.50 VAUGHAN 8S BU eS Fe OUR) RAC Pe AGN: al NEG: SOME OF ‘OUR SPECIALTIES INTER flowers indoors and early spring flowers for the garden and lawn are grown from so-called ‘fall bulbs,” and these should be secured and planted during September and October. A most interesting class of plants. In beauty and fragrance these often excell the choicest summer flowers. ‘The contrast of this indoor garden with stormy winter is a constant pleasure. As these bulbs contain in themselves stored up material for leaf growth and flowers, their cultivation needs little care. Our importations of these bulbs exceeds that of any other firm, and are made with special reference to the needs of private conservatories, commercial greenhouses and others who desire the most reliable qualities obtain- able, for those who produce the flowers for pleasure or for profit, rather than for selling the bulbs themselves. The bulbs we offer will, under proper treatment, produce the best flowers that grow. Years of experience has taught us where to go for the best bulbs both as to size and quality of bloom. We can therefore promise our customers nothing but fancy stock. VAUGHAN’S SELECTED TULIPS Amongst Dutch growers it is well known that the Tulips supplied to florist growers must be of the very finest quality, as otherwise they will not with- stand the severe “forcing” process to which they are subjected. Our orders call for nothing but this forcing grade of Tulip bulbs, and this’ fact should be borne in mind by you when comparing prices. We mention herewith a few of the best known vaiieties that are suitable for growing in pots as also in beds or masses. For full list see our Fall Bulb Catalog. Per roo| | Per 1,coo Artus, Brilliant scarlet, large flowers 2 c . $I.35 $12.00 Belle Alliance, Scarlet, yellow base, choice. Bs CHA, 20.00 Chrysolora, Bright yellow, fine for pots or bedding © 1.25 10.00 Cottage Maid, White-edged rose y 2 4 ys) 9.00 Joost von Vondel, Cherry red, feathered white : CIES 14.00 Keizerkroon, Rich crimson with gold band : 5 2 AO 16.00 Queen Victoria, White shades rose : 3 SEIS g.00 Yellow Prince, Pure yellow, one of the best. ‘ 1.15 9.00 LILIUM CANDIDUM, THE FINEST HARDY LILY THAT GROWS Madonna: or Annunciation Lily This is one of the oldest, loveliest and best-known Lilies. The flowers, of which there are three to twenty on each stem, are snow-white, with heavy yellow stamens and of the most delightful fragrance. It is hardy, and will thrive in any ordinary garden soil, preferring a position where it can get plenty of light and air. Blooms in the open ground about June 20. We recommend early planting of this Lily, as it makes its leaf-growth ip fall, and thus prepares itself for early blooming. Orders should therefore be sent in now. The bulbs which we offer are of an improved type over those usually sold, the flowers being larger and the petals thicker, which makes it -yore lasting. Selected Bulbs, 85 cents per dozen, $1.75 for 25, $6.50 per 100. Mammoth Bulbs, 20 cents each, 50 cents for 3, $1.50 per dozen, $10 per 100. ‘¢ Jumbo’’ Bulbs, 50 cents each, $5.00 per dozen. LILIUM HARRISII, TRUE BERMUDA EASTER LILY This mammoth white Trumpet Lily, with flowers 4 to 5 inches long, is the best of all Lilies for winter forcing and flowering, because its grand trumpet- shaped flowers which give forth a delicious perfume, are wonderfully beautiful and expressive. For blooming at Christmas it is best to order now. Ourimportations this season will amount to nearly half a million bulbs, and we are happy to say that a better lot of bulbs we have never offered. First Size Bulbs, which should produce from 5 to 8 flowers. 75 cents per dozen, $5.50 per 100. Extra Size Bulbs, which should produce from 8 to 15 flowers. $1.80 per dozen, $3.50 for 25, $12 per 100. Mammoth Bulbs, which should produce up to 20 flowers on a stalk. 30 cents each, $3.00 per dozen. ss Jumbo ”’ Bulbs, supply very limited. 75 cents each, $8 per dozen. Do not forget to write for a copy of our Fall Bulb Catalog, mailed free CHICAGO 84-86 RANDOLPH ST. VAUGHAN’S SEED NEW YORK 14 BARCLAY STREET STORE THE WORLD'S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK f OCTOBER A Complete Manual for SPECIAL ‘Autumn Planting DOUBLE NUMBER Bulbs for Spring Flowers—Hardy Flpwers \idr! Present Planting- Daffodils by-the Thousand 25 Cts. October Schemes for Christmas Flowers=The Fall Planting of Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Fruits $1.00 a Year 1905 COVNTRY LIFE > IN AMERICA: DOVBLEDAY PAGE & CO THE WORLDS 133:1358137 EAST 16TH ST. NEW YORK - WORK - : AMAT EO RS CLLELENM OOS EES HINK of having hot-house grapes at Christmas, peaches in May, fresh home-grown vegetables all winter, cut flowers for every day of the year, and plants for Christmas and Easter gilts! All this is possible with a green- house—and a small one at that. Many people who would like to go into this thing in a modest way have an impression that it involves a large ex- penditure and means a hopelessly great cost of maintenance. But we have made the pleasure of a practical greenhouse a delightful possibility to the person of moderate means. To meet this demand for a small greenhouse embodying the essentials and improvements of houses costing thousands of dol- lars, we have designed the fifty- foot greenhouse illustrated above, with two compartments and a little potting house. Dividing it into compartments permits of having two temperatures for grow- ing plants of different requirements. All the woodwork is Red Gulf cypress—most durable where continual moisture is present. The frame consists of cast iron posts, wrought iron rafters, angle iron purlins, and our patent angle iron plate, freeing the roof from ice. Ventilation is provided by two continuous lines of sashes at the ridge, operating by our patent self-locking apparatus. We will give you a price on this house, f. 0. b. Irvington, New York, and send along simple working plans so your local mechanic can erect it; or we will do the entire thing, from turning the sod to turning on the heat, ready for your plant friends. We also have a simple lean-to house at still less cost that may just suit you, and others that are told about in our booklet, “Starting a Small Greenhouse.” This also tells a bit about the care of roses, carnations and violets, and a lot of other things of vital interest to the amateur. Write and tell us whether you want a house for the pleasure of it, or to make it go a ways toward paying for itself. We can then help you accordingly. There is still ample time to set out coldframes and have fresh lettuce, spinach and other vegetables from Christ- mas until spring; pansies, violets and other flowers Easter- time, at no other cost than the mere expense of the coldframe and seeds. Everyone can own a few frames. They are inexpensive and require little room. We have just received from the press a charming booklet on coldframes. It is bountifully illus- trated, showing just the things the prospective buyer—or for that matter the owner—wants to know. Then it goes pretty thoroughly into the care and culture end, tell- ing the how, when, and what to plant. It suggests for the profit side—where to sell—how to deliver in an attractive way — and all that sort of thing. The Gorden WMayarine We call the booklet “The Two Ps’ —the Pleasure- and Profit of Coldframes. We want you to have one, Then for cold frames booklet, write for ‘Two Ps.” For Starting a Small Greenhouse, “Two Ss.” By a consolidation of the three leading greenhouse builders of the country, thus owning the patterns and patents of each company, we are enabled to offer more modern appliances and improvements than were ever before possible in a single greenhouse—and lower prices. BURNHAM-HITCHINGS-PIERSON COMPANY GREENHOUSE ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS, - 1133 Broadway, New York City BOSTON BRANCH: TREMONT BLDG. OcTOBER, 1905 G conta spring gorgeousness in the garden by planting Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, Crocus, etc., THE GARDEN MAGAZINE now. Quality Bulbs Contain the Bloom—if you cut a good bulb through the center, vertically, you will observe a well-developed flower spike—however, you buy bulbs to bloom, not to cut, so you must fall back upon the reliability of the firm you buy from. I sell the leading florists, public parks and private gardens in America, because my bulbs bloom. consideration. Quality is my first The following list contains a very general collection—but if you need a more varied selection, containing the choicest named Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, etc., write for my beautifully illustrated descriptive Autumn Bulb Catalogue with cultural directions, mailed free. BODDINGTON’S “QUALITY” HYACINTHS to Color for Bedding Crimson, Pink, Rose, Pure White, Blush Pe" 4%. Per 100 Per 1,000 White, Light Blue, Dark Blue, Yellow.... $0.60 $4.00 $85.00 BODDINGTON’S « QUALITY’? CROCUS Boddington’s <‘‘Quality’’ Crocus. Named Per doz. varieties—white, striped, blue, variegated yellow Boddington’s ‘‘ Quality’’ Crocus, mixed all colors ; .50 SINGLE NARCISSUS Golden Spur, deep yellow and large flower.... Emperor. Largest trumpet variety, rich yellow Empress, white and yellow. Finest of the two- colored trumpet varieties and a fitting com- anion for Emperor Poeticus. One of the most beautiful of the Narcissus family, pure white flower with golden yellow cup and distinct rim of scarlet, especially adapted for outdoor planting.... Trumpet Major. Large flower, pure golden yel- low; the best for early forcing Boddington’s <‘‘Quality’’ Single Narcissus Mixture. Suitable for borders and beds, or naturalizing and acclimating in grass or woodlands Per 100 Per 1,000 $0.75 $6.00 3.50 Per 100 Per 1,000 $3.00 $25.00 3.00 25.00 Per 1,000 Von Sion. Old-fashioned yellow Daffodil $15.00 Alba Plena Odorata. Fragrant, snow white, gardenia-like flowers. One of the hardiest of the Narcissus family Incomparable, fl. pl. (Butter and Eggs.) Rich yellow and white, very double; good forcer OF HOR OWECIEs0 6-50 00005550 ORD Goon EpHOSonC Boddington’s ‘‘Quality’’ Double Narcissus Mixture. Suitable for borders and beds, or naturalizing and acclimating in grass or woodlands 6 ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, 1.25 10.00 NARCISSUS JONQUILLA, OR JONQUILS Per doz. Per100 Per 1,900 Double Sweet-Scented. Fine deep yellow $0.80 $2.00 $15.00 Single Sweet=Scented. Deep yellow 16 75 5.00 Campernelle Rugulosus. Very fragrant; largest Jonquil. Canary yellow flower .20 LILIUM CANDIDUM St. Joseph’s, or Annunciation Lily. 1:15 7.50 Each Per doz. $1.50 Per 100 $8.00 Mammoth SPANISH IRIS (Iris Hispanica) Per doz. $0.10 Per 100 Per 1,000 Quality Mixture, all colors $0.50 $38.00 SNOW DRQPS e Per 100 Per 1,000 $0.75 $ 6.00 1.25 10.00 Large Single Large Double BODDINGTON’S QUALITY TULIPS for bedding I recommend the following tulips, to color, for bedding, as they grow to the same height and bloom simultaneously. SINGLE OR DOUBLE TULIPS Scarlet, Red, White, Pink, Yellow, Striped, Per doz. Red and Yellow, to color Boddington’s ‘‘ Quality ’’ Mixed Single Tulips, all colors Boddington’s ‘‘ Quality ’’ Mixed Double Tulips, all colors Per 100 Per I,000 $2.00 $15.00 1.50 12.00 1.75 12.50 ALLIUM A. Neapolitanum. An excellent forcer for winter flowering, with immense trusses of white flowers ..... . $0.15 STAR OF BETHLEHEM Ornithogalum Arabicum Per doz. Per 100 Per 1,000 $1.25 $8.00 Each $0.05 Per doz. Per 100 $0.50 Seedsman, 342 W. 14th St., New York 89-93 94 JAPANESE BARBERRY Incomparably the best plant for winter cheer on the home grounds is the Japanese Barberry, Ber- beris Thunbergit, which holds its brilliant red ber- ries all through the winter, and even until May. Nothing in the winter landscape gives such an air of warmth and cosiness as these brilliant red berries against a background of snow, nor can any- thing exceed the grace with which they hang in long, slender sprays from the branches. Most other bright berries are picked off by the birds, but these are never eaten. Why not plant a group near the front steps? Or, better, make a hedge across the front of your grounds. For either purpose, Barberry has no rival among bright berried shrubs. PYG WW IRIE S Gold Medal St. Louis The World’s Masterpieces ONE CENT each for 25 or more. 120 for $1.00. Size 5x8 (6 to 8 times the size of this Baby Stuart.) Send two- cent stamp for Illustrated Catalogue of 1,000 minia- ture illustrations in October. THE PERRY PICTURES CO. Box 146, Malden, Mass. BABY STUART FOR | Fall Planting Fine Northern- grown stock of the best varie- fties. Send for Fall Price List. | Ready now. NATHAN SMITH & SON 102 W. MAUMEE ST., ADRIAN, MICH. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE We have an unusually fine stock in heavy plants that have flowered for two years. Per % doz. Per doz. 14 to 2 2 to 2% feet 24 to 3 feet Let us make you up a shrubbery plan. We specialize on shrubs, and have a splen- did assortment of the best varieties as well as many rare kinds. Send us a rough plan of your grounds, with the size, and we will gladly suggest the shrubs that will best be suited for your place. We grow as well the finest Evergreens and Deciduous Trees, Vines, Hedge Plants and Hardy Flowers. We have been growing choice stock since 1869. Our nurseries cover over 100 acres. Send for catalogue THADDEUS N. YATES & CO. Mt. Airy Nurseries Philadelphia, Pa. AND Ornamental Trees All grown on our home grounds, under our own care and supervision, and guaranteed perfectly healthy. We have on hand a full line ready for fall planting. If you want ROSES VINES and SHRUBS We have a full line of these, also produced under our own special care, and guaranteed healthy and true to name every time. We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Send for our Free Illustrated Catalogue. T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, N. Y. ARTHUR HENRY SAWYER Rural Engineer and Horticulturist. Development of Country Homes and Farms. Laying out of orchards and gardens. Forestry work. Purchasing and planting of trees and plants. Superintendence. Correspondence solicited. A.H. Sawyer, 29 Peirce Place, Clinton, Mass. MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL Illustrated Catalogue free WM. HENRY MAULE 1711 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. bier Perennials For the Wild Garden CHOICE IRISES HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS for the Garden Border. Shatemuc Nurseries, Barrytown, Dutchess Co., N. Y. tive Write for Catalogue OcTOBER, 1905 Suecess with Vegetables Planted Outdoors in Late Fall Photographs by the author and from Vermont Experiment Station ie October, 1904, we made our first experi- ment with fall planting on a very small scale, only a few feet of row for each vege- table. ‘The results were sufficiently satisfac- tory to inspire the vow that 1905 should see a larger fall-planted garden. Our best crop was lettuce. We picked plants just beginning to head the third week in May, and they were tender and good. About two dozen full-sized heads of the finest quality were picked between June 14th and June a2rst. After that they shot up to seed. Heads from this spring’s planting were not ready until two days later than those from fall-sown seed. There were five varieties, but Parsnips and celery sown in October got an early start in the spring, and by the end of May (when photographed) were respectable-sized plants only two made any showing—Grand Rapids and Half Century. Chard also gave good results; large leaves with brittle stalks a half inch wide were picked before the April 1st planting pro- duced anything but greens. American cress came up thickly and flour- ished. On June 17th they were bushy plants six inches high. Hollow Crown parsnips were very satisfac- tory, so far as looks go. Their edible quali- = Lettuce sown on October 28th; started to grow March 31st: grew rap. .y into large, tender heads. Photographed last week in May. The small plant shown above is from spring-sown seed ties were not tested at this writing; they are kept for use quite late in the season. On June 17th the tops measured twenty inches and the roots eleven inches, being very straight and even, tapering from a little over a half inch thick at the top. Danvers carrots planted in the fall were the same size as the April rst planting, and were gathered for cooking on June 23d. On the same date celery plants were transplanted, both roots and leaves being about six inches in length. OcroBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 95 ATIVE RHODODENDRONS ‘The Rare, True Native Species S AFTER ALL the only truly eae eOny plants to use for producing permanent and delightful landscape effects are our Hardy Native American Plants. Easy to cultivate, free from foreign diseases, and in perfect harmony with the surroundings of all American lawn and gardens, our Native Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Kalmias are unequalled for massing effects, used either asa background or in large clumps or masses alone. Now is the time to plant. The True Native RHODO- DENDRON CATAWBIENSE is brilliant red purple (not the suddy-furple of the incorrectly named, imported so-called ‘‘ catawhiense seedlings’’), with wonderfully clean, dark, spiny foliage. We offer mag- nificent clumps by the carload or in small quantities for September and October planting. §] We have a hun- dred thousand American Rhododendrons growing in HIGHLANDS NURSERY, 4,000 feet elevation in the Carolina Mountains, absolutely hardy and in all sizes. {| The Garden Magazine readers are beginning to realize the wealth and beauty of our Native plants, and hundreds of car-loads are being planted annually from our Nurseries. {A unique illustrated catalog of American Plants and an original and dainty Rhodo- dendron Booklet telling how to szccessfully grow these glorious broad-leaved evergreens mailed to every reader of The Garden Magazine who asks. HARLAN P. KELSEY f Proprietor, Highlands Nursery, Hardy American Plants (In the Carolina Mountains.) 2 (21st year) Beacon Bldg., BOSTON, MASS. ies, in the distance). Rhododendron catawhiense as growing in the Carolina Mountains, (Mt. Mitchell, the high st peak east of the Roc Country Home Water Works | cigars page 7 SE = —— Sgt Contcblence and safe and to | mice Your Own Electric Light Plant RIFE HYDRAULIC ENGINE | Sees Schock, Taamches, yeas gor Tesidences, of any size, summer homes, camps, hotels, This is a pump which is practical. So simple no electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery 5 included. Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pumping Operated Automatically water, Sawin ~oodk BEIM rare ay etc. We would dike to send every rae of ae : GARDEN AGAZINE who is likely to be interested our new 60-page Catalogue de- by the power furnished by any brook or stream scribing over 130 different outfits. Address Lighting Dept. however small, and produces a constant flow in your house at any distance or any height. As it operates RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. automatically, there is absolutely no 3 ~ aa“ HORICUM ax no attention whatever. Wemake a TRADE MARK THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER For. Fall or Spring Use We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them get under the rough bark. They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale a plague like the plagues of Egypt. **Horicum’’ is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use specialty of equipping country places with a complete water-works system, extending to stable, garden, greenhouses, etc. Write for plans and estimates. Catalogue on request. POWER SPECIALTY CO., Broadway & Thames St., N. y. ii | UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCE A Fence — Not a Netting Send for our inter- esting booklet, “A Short Story for Poultry Raisers.” Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to HAMMOND’S SLUG SHor WORKS eee een Fishkill-on-Hudson, = NEW YORK UNION FENCE COMPANY Engineering Bldg., New York City Mills at: New Haven, Ct.; DeKalb, IIl.; Oakland, Cal. per TREES, Plants, Vines, Spray Pumps and Dusters for wet and dry mixtures, garden and lawn purposes. Garden and Lawn Tools, Shears, Saws, Garden Plows and Cultivators. Nitro-Culture doubles the crop. The most gorgeous flowering vine for porch “and trellis. It will festoon the veranda with a profusion of large white, red or purple flowers. Catalogue free. | ARTHUR J. COLLINS MOORESTOWN, - : NEW JERSEY | oN Cah ue He laa - oN A ye ee old, strong, heavy, field-grow1 BRIDGEMAN’S * Farm SEEDS roots Wiehe if Seed Oe. ber, will blossom next August. VARIETIES: Henry VII. (white); Madame Andre (red); Jackmanii (purple), Price, 55c. each; $6.00 per dozen. We also offer for fall planting fine trees, shrubs, hardy flowers and fruits. We make a specialty of fruit trees and bush fruits. H. S. WILEY & SON, Cayuga Nurseries, Cayuga, N. Y. Garden Tools. Catalogue free. BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE 37 East 19th Streets New York City. THE H.P.,H.T.,T.,R., Cl., etc. LEEDLE ROSES FLORAL COMPANY 10 Two-year-olds, $1.00. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO New catalogue free. Send for catalogue. 96 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcTOBER, 1905 Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given by addressing INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue GarDEN MaGazine, 133 East 16th St., New York GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS S. C. Buff Orpingtons White Wyandottes S. C. Black Muinorcas Yards stocked with birds of the most noted prize-winning strains in America. Old and young stock for sale, of all varieties for breeding or exhibition. 2,000 to select from. FRANK W. GAYLOR, Manager, White Plains, N. Y. Pure Blooded Homers of correct size, actually mated and at reason- »| able prices, in a few words, is what we send | out—nothing else. 25 Mated Pairs—$30 If you ever had_ experience with pigeons you know what a difference it is to have 25 mated pairs or 50 single birds, even if they are even or at rae ORPINGTON FOWLS WILLIAM COOK & SONS, Box 30, Scotch Plains, NEW JERSEY a Also of England and South Afriea F you want the dest Orpingtons, any of the ten varieties, now is the time to send for them to their ovzg- tnators at the above address. No country home is complete without See cocks and hens. Extra Birds — Ar Record these beautiful fowls, the best layers, “Lady True,” P. 13929, Homers—Young White Wyandotte, and a few larger, hardier, quicker growing and Winner of 150-Mile Young of our 1904 breeding pens, a matter of corre- more handsome than any other fowls. Bird race 1904. Speed, spondence : ri 1149.11 yds. per minute. P : Send for Surgilinstrated catalogue, 500 miles 1905. Reference—THE GARDEN MAGAZINE $8 pages. Oc. Lo cover postage HI Orpington Poultry Fournal S$c., TRUE W TE POULTRY YARDS yearly 60. Office 1717 Walnut St., Milwaukee, Wis. Weare by far the largest Breeders, C. G. LOEBER, Proprietor Exhibitors, Importers and Exporters ~ in the World, winning over 7,700 cups eA =e and Buze inspection Yoripoulay EAT S UABS and when you buy them ask for PLY- : arms cordially invited. Trains met. Q MOUTH ROCK SQUABS, which are the cee eel nea and ored by Want Cook & Sonat Advice free. largest and best. Squabs are raised in AOR AOR AER 4 weeks, sell for $2.50 to 86.00 doz. Good money breed- ad Vas 45) ing them everywhere; women do well. We were the first— are money- A 4 our books, breeding methods and famous Plymouth Rock makers. Ready D} for market when invited. First send for our Free Book, ‘* How to { Wi) big thoroughbred Homers revolutionized the in- 2 a = four weeks old. Breeders préduce uy 3 Make Money with Sguabs,” Ar AR AYR AMY ARR OR from 8 to ro pairs every year. Each and learn this profitable busi- \2s ‘ Ke K K K dustry. Visitors welcome at farm; correspondence pair can be sold for 50 to 80 cents. ness. Ask also for new printed matter. Our Homers produce the finest | pLyMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 339 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. 27 squabs in this country. They re- quire little attention. Send for in- formation and prices. , HOMER SQUAB COMPANY seekeeeey EoxI, LINDENHURST, N. Y. How we raise and prepare F N We are about to publish ‘‘the best SQ U A BS squabs for market. Prices. Or a AIM ©. rate ee ee national interest. Tosecure a good name for it, we will pay $200 in gold . 5 Profits. Care of Breeders. tor the name accepted; $50, $35, $15 respectively for the three next best. Details of management in the most perfectly equipped | Allhave an equal chance. Contest closes November rst, 1905. Write for Squab Plant in the world Ten cents free prospectus, particulars governing contest and bank references. HAWKINS PUBLISHING CO., Box 319, WATERVILLE, N. Y. ROYAL SQUAB co. Box 10 NORWALK, CONN. Agents Wanted Everywhere. Liberal Compensation. Live Stock Saddle Horse For Sale Registered Kentucky gelding, 6 years old; bright bay, easy, sound, Cairnsmuir Fox Terners nice disposition; handsome as a picture. Photograph and price MAJor G. M. CARNOCHAN on demand. W. W. BROWN, Springfield, Vt. NEw CITY, ROCKLAND Co., NEW YORK, (N. Y. office 44 New St. ) offers young puppies either wire or smooth | haired to be shipped as soon as weaned. DOGS $15, BITCHES $10. This is an excellent opportunity to obtain the Cairnsmuir blood at very reasonable prices. Purchasers should send cheque with order, stating sex and variety. Grown dogs and older puppies for sale | at alltimes. Also Welsh terriers. Dogs ALL KINDS LIVE STOCK “*The World’s Best.” Prices reasonable. Fancy Poultry, 90 kinds Fancy Pigeons, Angora Cats, Singing Canaries, Parrots, Gold Fish, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs. We buy increase. Ferrets to kill your rats. Courteous treatment. Handsome cat- alogue mailed roc. Best Squab Breeders for sale, $2.50 pair. Setter, female, cream and white, 2 years old, pedigree, $35. Boston Terriers, $25 up. W. B. KITTREDGE & CO The Ideal House Dogs and Companions BOSTON TERRIERS AND _ FRENCH BULL DOGS Send stamp for catalog SQUANTUM KENNELS Atlantic, Mass. 2 7 (Station 4), SOUTH FRAMINGHAM, ‘MASS. ort, Ue thee pe 9a a Se GERALD HOWATT Expert Judge of Domestic Animals Professional assistance in the selec- tion of Live Stock. I have bought and sold fine animals in almost every State in the Union. AIREDALE TERRIERS Send for illustrated, descriptive cir- cular of the handsomest, gamest, and most reliable of all breeds of dogs, the AIREDALE TERRIERS. Superintendent COLNE KENNELS ‘ Petite Cote, near Montreal, Canada | Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Poultry LAKE STREET, WHITE PLAINS,N.Y. Our only experience with flowers planted late in the fall was with sweet peas, which opened June 15th, when spring-sown plants were only in bud. The date of all these fall plantings was Oc- tober 26th. Evidently that is too early for radishes, for they came up in November, and, of course, perished during the cold weather. One lone French Breakfast germinated this spring, and was picked and eaten May roth. It was sweet and tender, while all the spring plantings were tough and hot on account of a slow season. ‘This year we shall wait until after election day to sow radishes. No other seeds showed above ground before spring, from which we judge that the last week in October was none too early to plant them. When settled cold weather came we coy- ered the seeds with manure and straw, half of which we removed the middle of March and the other half the first of April. Let- tuce, the first of the seeds to germinate, showed above ground on March gist. Several kinds did not come up at all, but we do not blame fall planting for the failure. & save ee es PATS Corn salad sown in August or September, and lightly protected with leaves or straw over winter, is ready for use as soon as the snow goes. A sub- stitute for lettuce The mistakes of an ignorant Italian during the absence of the “head gardener”? had some- thing to do with it, as also experimenting with some seeds that were suspiciously old, and again the risking of some very tender kinds. We planted them unusually deep, thinking it would be better protection, but perhaps that was a mistake. The covering of manure and straw was accidentally put on thicker than was meant, about six inches, and possibly was too much. Being cramped for room, we made the rows one foot apart, thinking we could watch for the seeds to ger- minate and then carefully work around them OcTOBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Rainbow Collection ‘‘A’’ For Conservatory or Window Garden Contains 250 high grade bulbs (as_ below) which will give a continuous profusion of gorgeous flowers throughout the winter. Hyacinths, single, named, various colors Hyacinths, double, named, various colors Roman Hyacinths, various colors Single Tulips, various colors Double Tulips, various colors Narcissus Large Trumpets, various colors Narcissus Medium Trumpets, various colors Polyanthus Narcissus, various colors Double Narcissus, various colors. Chinese Sacred Narcissus Campernelle Jonquils Crocus, various colors Achimenes Allium Grandiflorum Babianas, assorted Freesias, white Freesias, yellow Winter Flg. Gladiolus Gloxinias Spanish Iris, assorted Ixias, mixed Lachenalias Ornithogalum Oxalis, various Anemones, single and double Callas, Little Gem and Large White Cyclamen Giganteum, assorted Ranunculus, assorted colors eRe rere cots Arums (Redan ack Callas) Bermuda Easter Lillies PRICE Zephyranthes, assorted Collection Calochortus, mixed colors “A” enum- Brodiaeas, mixed colors erated above Chionodoxa Gigantea $5.00, delivered Fritillaria Meleagris free in the U. S. Guernsey Lillies or Scilla Amoena Collection ““B”’ $3.00, Tritelia half quantities of above. THOSE who mention this magazine when or- dering from this offer will receive free—a copy of our new book “‘Bulb Culture’”’ PETER HENDERSON & CO., aii.ito? =r. Our complete and elaborate Autumn Catalogue of Bulbs, Plants, Seeds, ete., MAILED FREE to those mentioning this magazine. Rainbow Collection ‘‘C”’ Hardy Bulbs for the Garden Contains 350 high grade bulbs as enumerated below, which—if planted this fall—will give a continuous display of beautiful flowers throughout the spring months. 24 Bedding Hyacinths, Red, White and Blue, separate 24 Mixed Single Early Tulips 24 Mixed Double Early Tulips 12 Double Narcissus, mixed 100 Crocus, three colors separate Allium Molly Alstromeria Anemones, hardy Blood Root Spring Colchicums Camassia Chionodoxa Gigantea Crown Imperials Bleeding Hearts Winter Aconites Erythronium, assorted Iris, assorted kinds Lily of the Valley (single crowns) Spring Snowflakes (Leucojum) Large Trumpet Narcissus Medium Trumpet Narcissus Late Tulips, bizarres Late Tulips, parrots Feathered Hyacinths Grape Hyacinths Giant Snowdrops Scillas, assorted THOSE who mention this magazine when or- dering from this offer will receive free—a copy of our new book “Bulb Culture’”’ PRICE Collection °C” enum- erated above Paeonies $5.00, delivered Lillies, assorted free in the U. S. Sternbergias or Trilliums Collection “‘D’’ $3.00, Triteleia half quantities of above. SNYAPNNYNAADMDHAMRANTAMNNNAADWIA#S D —— 35 AND 37 —— Sk SS) Make Your Grounds Beautiful (B. & A. SPECIALTIES) Old and New Fashioned Flowers °2°t¢ be planted this month. Our collection of these old- time favorites is well known. Mail to us a rough sketch, with your order, of the ground which you wish to plant, and we will show you the correct position for each plant. If you have a small cottage garden and only sufficient space for a few, try one cf our B. & A. collections. Io Plants in to varieties for $2.50 30 Plants in 30 varieties for 6.50 50 Plants in 50 Varieties for These kinds in our collection are your hardy friends. always find them in your garden. Thousands growing in our Nurseries and are described and illustrated in our Hardy Plant and General Catalogue. ; Hedges are now popular in every part of the country. what to plant to have the best results. We offer twenty-four kinds of shrubs for this purpose. We will be pleased to hear from all parties intending to plant this autumn, giving dimensions, soil, location, sunny or shady position; we will then name the kind best adapted to your locality, giving the quantity and price. Visitors to our nursery are always welcome. We will be pleased to mail our catalogue to Prospective purchasers. See our new Autumn Catalogue for BULBS. BOBBINK & ATKINS, Nurserymen and Florists, RUTHERFORD, N. J. 20 Plants in 20 varieties for . . $4. 40 Plants in 4o varieties for 8. ° ry) $10.00 Once you have them you will It is a daily question Gavdenr ead One tree produced one and a half Same trees with over one barrel this year. NEW ENGLAND’S LARGEST NURSERY A very large and superb stock of Fruit, Forest and Orna- mental Trees ready for Fall planting, also Shrubbery, Roses, Asparagus, Vines, Small Fruits, Herbaceous Plants, and California Privet. This stock is grown upon land well adapted to its hardy and healthy growth. The quantity of trees and plants is large enough to meet all demands. Satisfaction guar- anteed. Send for Catalogue. Address THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., Inc. Telephone, 148-2, So. Norwalk, Conn. NEW CANAAN, CONN. ea ae > = rt z 5 ty A snapshot of our ycung apple orchard seven years old. bushels the third year. NEW YORK. | | 28h THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 HALL CAINE'S WORKS IN9 VOLUMES THE BONDMEN THE MANXMAN THE PRODIGAL SON Wels IVT WINE Cir THE CHRISTIAN THE DEEMSTER THE SCAPEGOAT LITTLE MANX NATION CAPTAIN DAVY’S HONEYMOON AND Appleton’s Booklovers Magazine for One Year COMBINATION OFFER At a very large expense we have secured the right to publish the FIRST AND ONLY uniform edition of the wntings of HALL°*CAINE. This beautiful set contains sixteen full-page illustrations, is bound in red buckram with elaborate gold stamping, and the famous old Manx cross is reproduced on each volume in gold design. [ APPLETON'S a We will send this set of nine volumes by express prepaid, and enter your | subscription to “APPLETON’S BOOKLOVERS MAGAZINE” for one year on receipt of the coupon (below), giving your name and address. If, after examining the books you like them, send us $1.00 and agree to pay $1.00 a month for eleven months. _ If you do not like them return the books at our Soe Ss “THE MANX EDITION” Appleton’s Booklovers Magazine, 9 Volumes Hall Caine, 15.00 Total, $18.00 paraat 812 INSPECTION COUPON—CUT THIS OUT D. APPLETON & CO., 436 Fifth Avenue, New York. GENTLEMEN: Kindly send me the ‘‘MANX EDITION’? of Hall Caine by express prepaid for examination, and enter my name for one year’s subscription to ‘‘Appleton’s Booklovers Magazine.’’ If I am satisfied on seeing the books I agree to pay $1.00 down and $1.00 per month for 11 months, making a total of $12.00. If not satisfied I will return the books to you at your expense. Name Address Don’t Mislay numbers of The Garden Magazine THE NEW TEMPORARY BINDER Is very convenient and will hold copies until volume is complete and ready for permanent binding. It is worth its cost several times over each year. Black cloth neatly stamped in gold. Made on an improved pattern. —— Price 75 cents, prepaid - Doubleday, Page & Company, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York $3.00 | _ spring planting, | ah hand tools; but, as it turned out, we dared not stir the soil for fear of disturbing the seedlings. Fall planting is much to be preferred to especially March planting. March cannot be recommended as a month _ for outside work. In the first place, the eager amateur gardener is tempted to dig his ground too soon. He could not make a worse mistake, for unless the soil is dry enough to crumble the digging will cause it to become coarse and lumpy, and the effects will last throughout the season and may even extend to future seasons. ‘The most favorable thing that can be said of March sowing is that it makes less to do in April, when everything is happening at once, but the gain on April plantings is really very little. Radishes planted March 2oth were only a week earlier than those sowed fourteen days later. Beets planted March 29th and April r1th gave their first pickings on the same day, and the same thing happened with peas. Not the least of the advantages of fall sowing is that the gardener can do his work on a delightful mellow day in October. ‘New York. I. M. A. ‘hie Bisons Season apne big planting season for the greater part of the Pacific Coast is in January. There is no fall planting season such as there is in the East. For palms and evergreens there is a planting season in September and there is an alternative season in March, but | for the majority of deciduous trees such as in the East are planted about October the _ corresponding season in California is in the “cold” weather—January. The season is controlled by the rainfall. The long, dry summer taxes the land for all its available moisture, and it is useless to attempt planting until after the first winter rains have descended sufficiently to moisten the soil to a good depth. It is just as impor- tant, however, to plant soon after the begin- ning of the wet season, because the trees will be much benefited by the rainfall while it is becoming established. Should the season of rain be a short one a late planted tree runs the risk of not getting a proper quantity of water during the first season. This of course means a shock to the plant more or less severe, according to the season. Where irrigation can be practised the planter is of course inde- pendent of the rains, but those conditions are not likely to apply to the amateur gardener. The two factors—which are the same as in the East—are (1) have the tree dormant, and (2) have the soil in a properly moist con- dition to work well. OcTOBER, 1905 For sale on small easy payments of 25 cents The Book of the Cat By FRANCES SIMPSON A New and by Far the Most Extensive Work on the Cat Ever Attempted ( IS no exaggeration to say not only that it is larger than any other work on the subject, but it is ten times larger, for it will contain when complete over 350 illustrations and nearly 4oo pages the size of Webster’s Unabridged Dic- tionary. The pages are made this size to accommodate the 12 colored plates. Published fortnightly in 24 parts, 25 cents each. Printed on coated paper which brings out the 350 half-tone illustrations per- fectly. Coin cards for remittances fur- nished free. Parts bound free when complete. Issued fortnightly in 24 parts, at 25 cents each. CONTENTS Short-haired Cats (two chapters). Some Foreign Cats. Cats in America. Maine Cats. Cat Photography for Amateurs. Rearing of Kittens. Color Breeding. The Place of the Cat in Nature. The Diseases of Cats and Their Treatment. Index, over 5,coo References. Cats of the Past. Cats of To-Day. Care and Management. Housing of Cats. Exhibiting, The roints of a Cat. Long-haired or Persian Cats. Some Notable Catteries. Black Persians. White Persians. Blue Persians. Silver or Chinchilla Persians. Silver Tabby Persians. Smoke Persians. Orange Persians. Cream or Fawn Persians. Tortviseshell Persians. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited Dept. A, 45 East 19th Street, New York Enclosed find 25 cents for Part I of THE BOOK OF Tortoiseshell and White THE CAT. Persians. Brown Tabby Persians. Address “Any other Color’’ Persians. Neuter Cats. Manx Cats. Siamese Cats. mOOKS FOR GARDEN MAKERS TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES of the Northeastern United States. By H. E. PARKHURST The book is excellently arranged. The text of the nar- rative part is devoid of all scientific terms, being told in the familiar style which appeals to the unscientific mind. With over 250 illustrations, maps, etc., $1.50 net. GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS A handbook to the garden. By E. T. COOK With numerous full-page iWlustrations, $3.75 net. THE CENTURY BOOK OF GARDENING A comprehensive book for every lover of the garden. Edited by E. T. COOK With numerous full-page Wlustrations, $7.50 net. GARDENS, OLD AND NEW The country house and its garden environment. With many superb illustrations ; 2 vols.; each $12.00 net. CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 99 For sale on small easy payments of 25 cents THE BOOK OF PHOTOGRAPHY Practical, Theoretic, and Applied Edited by PAUL N. HASLUCK EARLY too illustrations and working drawings. The complete work will have 784 pages about 44x5# inches in size. Shows how to start right, how to follow up first efforts, and how to attain proficiency. The economy in expenditure alone to those who study its pages carefully will cover the cost of the work many times over Written by a number of well qualified experts. Clear and exact ex- planations are given of Practice as followed by the most skilled oper- ators; of Theory so far as it bears upon the working principles of the art; and of the Application of Photography to its many purposes. Treated in a style which will be understood by persons unacquainted with the art, and yet so ac- curate technically that it will be of value to the most skilled adept. CONTENTS Theory of the Latent Image, x illus Determination of Plate Speeds, 5 illus. Photography in Colors, 22 illus. Glossary of Terms (nearly o00) Introductory and Elementary, 22 illus. Cameras and Accessories, 105 illus. Plates and Films, 33 illus. Ortochromatic Photography, 1o illus Exposure of the Photographic Plates, 23 illus. Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Used in Photo- Development of Plz and Films, 34 illus. graphy. Intensification of Negatives. Portraiture, 28 illus. Reduction of Negatives, 6 illus. Landscape tography, 46 illus. Preparing the Negative for Printing, 30 illus. Photomicrography, 73 illus. Printing-out Processes and Papers, 33 illus. Architectural and Interior Photography, 14 illus. Development of Processes of Printing, 53 illus. Spectrophotography, 30 illus Toning with Gold and Platinum, 14 illus. Monumental Work, 7 illus. Dark Room and its Fittings, 37 illus. Astronomical Photography, 17 illus. Mounting and Framing Photographs, 29 illus. Stereoscopic Photography, 45 illus Pinhole Photography. Natural History Photography, 5 illus. Enlarging, Copying and Making Lantern Slides, Telephotography, 7 illus. 37 illus. Photo Ceramics, 4 illus. Working-up prints and Enlargements in Monochrome, Animated Photography, 7 illus rr illus. Treatinent of Residues. 1 illus. Methods of Coloring Photographs, 15 illus. Photo-Mechanical Processes, 35 illus. Tenses: Their Construction and Use, 7o illus. Radi aphy, 7 illus. Chemical Action of Lig] t, 5 illus. Miscellaneous Items, ro illus. Chemistry of Developmeut and Toning, 2 illus. Tables and Index (over 5,000 References). To be issued in 12 monthly parts. Part 1 ready, which will be sent on receipt of 25 cents. Subscriptions booked only for the entire 12 parts at 25 cents each. When complete we will bind in cloth free of charge. Coin card will be enclosed with each part for succeeding remittance. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited Dept. A, 45 East 19th Street, New York Enclosed find 25 cents for Part I of THE BOOK OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Address THE BOOK OF BULBS By S ARNOTT, FORE S: Together with an Introductory Chapter on THE BOTAN Y OF BULBS ALL ABOUT BULBS HARDY BULBS HALF HARDY BULBS GREENHOUSE BULBS STOVE BULBS Illustrated from Photographs from Nature. 16mo. $1.00 net. Being Volume V. of a Practical Series. Handbooks of Practical Gardening Recent Volumes: THE BOOK OF GARDEN DESIGN - - - - - - By Charles Thonger THE BOOK OF THE SCENTED GARDEN By F. W. Burbridge Ready Later: THE BOOK OF THE WINTER GARDEN - - By D.S. Fish Send for Full List THE BODLEY HEAD 67 FIFTH AVENUE 3 100 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE October Offer to Subscribers oz" ANY friends of Tor GarpEN Macazine will wish to send the magazine to friends of theirs in time to include this 25-cent Fall Planting Number (soon to be out of print), without extra charge, and with also the big double Planting Number for next April, included in a dollar subscription. Or they will recommend their friends to subscribe for themselves at this opportune time. During the month (until October rst) we will give FREE, as a premium, a copy of “How to Plan the Home Grounds,” by Samue| Parsons, Jr., the most helpful and up-to-date book at any time of the year and a complete general guide to planting, to anybody who is already a subscriber who will send us one more yearly subscription for $1.00. Our only condition is that the subscription must not be a renewal, nor for yourself. It must be a subscription to be given to, or purchased for, somebody else. And it can be purchased OCTOBER, 1905 only by somebody who is already a subscriber. Subscriptions sent in before this time or later than October 31st cannot secure the premium. How to Plan the Home Grounds. Samuel Parsons, Jr., the author, is a Fellow of the Society of American Landscape Architects, and was for years Superintendent of the New York Parks. He gives practical directions not only for laying out the home grounds, selection of site, the care and making of roads and paths, lawns, woodlands, hedges, gardens, selection of plants and trees, etc., but also in a second section he treats of the village improvements, designed to elevate public taste, as it concerns the highways, the schoolhouses, the stations, and the village outdoor life generally. Size,5 x72; pages, 249; illustrations, 56; Contents: Selection of Home Grounds; Selec- tion of a House Site; Roads and Paths; Lawns; Flower Gardens; The Terrace; Plantations; Decid- uous Trees and Shrubs; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs; Hardy Herbaceous Plants; Aquatic Plants; Hardy Vines and Climbers; Bedding Plants; Pools and Streams; Woodlands; The Use of Rocks; Residential Parks; Fences, Bridges, and Summer Houses; Plants for General Use on Home Grounds; Contracts and Specifications; Parks and Parkways; Churchyards and Cemeteries; Seaside Lawns; City and Village Squares; Railroad and Station Grounds. Societies and Improvement Clubs May take advantage of this offer for mem- bers, providing more than twelve subscrip= tions and not more than 100 are ordered. That is: twelve yearly subscriptions and twelve books may be purchased for $12 by an officer of any such club. binding, cloth; price, net, $5.00 een aS. gy - > > 7 7 7 = > Cut the Plum, and (——— Pin' One) Dollar Bill/to;this|Coupon)) =) =) enn eee DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., {33-137 East 16th Street, New York. I enclose $1.00, for which send THe GarpeNn MacazinE one year, beginning with the Ocrobes Fatt PLantinc NumBeEr, to name herewith and send book to me postpaid. Send magazine to ( Signed) Address My address is This offer is limited to October 31st. Book and magazine sent to the same or another address if desired. The Best Investment You Can Make Now is to begin binding the numbers of THE GARDEN MaGaZINE in beautiful permanent volumes. We do it for you at a nominal expense. It is the best way to preserve the copies. We have now ready an attractive permanent cloth binding for Volume I (February to July inclusive), gold stamped, which we will supply for your local binder to stitch on. Price, 50 cents. Or, if the six copies of the magazine are returned to us by express, prepaid, we will return the volume neatly bound. Our charge for the binder and the work is 75 cents. Back numbers will be supplied by us for 10 cents each, excepting the first (February) and third (April) numbers, which unfortunately are entirely out of print. However, we have already bound a number of complete volumes, the price of which is $1.35 each. Any copies of the incomplete file of Volume I. which are returned to us prepaid (with no duplicate numbers) will be credited on this bill at 10 cents each. THE GARDEN NAGAZINE Index for volume I, sent free on request to those who bind their own volume. In returning copies mark your name and address plainly on the package. (G. M.-Oct., 05] Dovus.Lepay, PacGE& Co.,133-137 East 16th St., New York Please credit me 10 cents each for copies for Inclosed find $_ e _(note credit for copies returned), | for which please fill my order as follows: returned to-day, and apply on $1.35 order. Cross ( One Permanent Cloth Binding, plus postage, 12c, $0.50 out } One Volume I., bound, complete, plus postage, 32c, 1.35 lines < : i n0t ee Volume I., bound with copies returned to you needed to-day, plus postage, 32c, - = Yours truly Address JCTOBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 101 Nature Club of America PUBLISHERS’ HE identification of our house with Nature publications has brought us into intimate relations with those who are inter- ested in the furtherance of what may be called the ‘ out of doors’? movement. Our aid in this connection has been con- stantly solicited in one form or another, and it is with the utmost pleasure we respond whenever practicable. On one point in particular requests for sug- gestions occurred with such uniformity that we at last came to look upon it as a feature naturally incidental to the distribution of the Nature Liprary and began to prepare in advance from time to time outlines for courses of investigation and study appropriate to the particular season of the year that might be pursued with the Nature Lrprary as the principal text-book. We learned also that teachers in various districts had organized classes for this purpose, while in others congenial spirits, linked by a common enthusiasm for Nature study, had formed clubs for its furtherance and the mutual exchange of ideas and experiences. The potentialities of such clubs, socially, educationally, and even patriotically, struck us forcibly, and we resolved to interest ourselves actively in their extension. Following out this project, we have undertaken the publication of a periodical pamphlet giving all the information necessary for the formation of such organizations, and for programs and courses of study calculated to sus- tain interest and direct their activities along the most fruitful lines. To confer the authority of science and scholarship upon this publication, we secured the services of Mrs. Anna Botsford Comstock, the noted author, entomologist, lecturer and illustrator, of Cornell University, as editor. This delightful little publication under her able direction is not only a very valuable instructor to serious Nature students, but will prove entertaining—indeed, we believe, in many ways a revelation—to the unfortunately large class of people who live oblivious of the marvelous ways of Nature. Though associations for this purpose need little in the way of formal organization, it is desirable, in order to give definiteness and precision to their aims, to adopt a constitution and appoint executive officers. We have therefore drafted a form which is just sufficient to stiffen into consistency what otherwise might be desultory and haphazard. We referred above to “the social, educational and even patriotic potentialities of such clubs.” Their social possibilities are obvious. They need not be exclusively for the purpose of Nature study, but may be associated with reading societies, sewing circles, and similar organizations for the promotion of culture and sociability. The educational value of Nature study has become so gener- ally recognized as to need but a word here. There is no form of information which is such a perennial source of the purest pleasure as that bearing on the woods, fields and streams and their denizens. To the man equipped with such knowledge innumerable “still small voices,” inaudible otherwise, tell charming tales. The chirp of a bird, the fall of a leaf, the flash of an insect, suggest fascinating histories to his mind. To him the world is the most entrancing of libraries. For the young there is no study comparable in educational value to that of Nature. The childish mind fails to grasp the bearing of the disciplinary courses of the school. They are dead and meaningless to him, but once in- terested in Nature an insatiable curiosity is awakened, leading to that independent investigation and correlating of facts that is the chief end of all true education. Whatever is beneficial socially and educationally is of course important from the patriotic view point, but there are other reasons When Nature why the promotion of Nature study has a patriotic Study Becomes significance. Humanity after all is but a part of Real Patriotism Nature, and she bears in upon us on all sides. In some of her forms she is beneficial to us, in others harmful. A Origin of the Nature Club Idea The Nature Club Periodical Club Organization Charm of Nature Study The Truest of Educators ANNOUNCEMENT thorough knowledge of her is essential to our greatest comfort and prosperity, but it is a fact that useful creatures are being ruthlessly extirpated under the mistaken notion that they are harmful, while noxious varieties flourish either through ignorance of their injurious character or the manner of exterminating them. Of the latter the mosquito is a notorious example, while from the Nature Liprary we learn that most varieties of hawks, instead of being enemies to the farmer or wholesale destroyers of innocent bird life, render an ample margin of real service over the little harm they do. By promoting exact knowledge of forms of life that are bene- ficial or prejudicial to human activities in their various forms, and means of destroying and encouraging them as the case may be. Nature Clubs may render patriotic service of a positive character. One of the great charms of such study lies in the fact that its field is but partially explored. In other sciences the beginner can Nature Students dono more than traverse ground already minutely as Promoters charted, but in Nature study a wide-awake boy of Science may unearth a fact of novel interest to veteran naturalists. For example, in the Nature LiBRARY we read a complete life history of the ‘“‘ Spittle Insect,” which every country lad has amused himself by picking out of his odd little patch of froth, yet is here first written, and there are many other such opportunities for contributions of real value to the general store of human knowledge. Naturally it is chiefly to young folk and those interested in their up-bringing that such clubs will be of the greatest service, but their value is by no means confined to that class. A taste for natural history once formed never stales. Nature is multiform and inexhaustible, and she is as new after a life-long friendship as in the first flush of new-made acquaintance. Knowing that there were many who would like to avail them- selves of the advantages offered by our Nature Club project, but who would prefer not to identify themselves with local associations of that kind, we have formed what we call the “‘ National Nature Club,” which entitles its members to our booklets of Nature studies and will link them with others of similar interests all over the continent. Any works on botany, zoology, geology or horticulture may be used in connection with such clubs, but there are no books with so. sympathetic a spirit toward this form of inves- tigation as the series which form our NATURE: Liprary. The books having given the impetus. to this very idea, it is natural that they should be relied upon as the groundwork for its promotion. It is gratifying indeed to us that our publications are proving so potent a factor in the popularization of Natural History in this country and we have no diffidence in acknowledging that our efforts toward the extension of Nature Clubs are largely due to the fact that as publishers of the Narurre LIBRARY we secure a direct advantage from every movement that tends to increase the interest in Nature subjects. With this fact in mind, we are prepared to quote reduced prices and special terms to those who take the initial steps toward forming new clubs in localities where none now exist. Write for full particulars. THE GARDEN COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS IN AMERICA The “ National Nature Club” Appropriate Text-books for Nature Study MAGAZINE WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE « COQ NEW YORK CUT OFF HERE AND MAIL TO US If you will send us this coupon or drop us a post-card, we shall be pleased to send you full particulars of the Nature Club, and quote special prices at which the Nature Library is offered to charter members of new clubs. INia' eb ul eee eee tet aye eae ce ctanre ta fares iae my ajatcrceycniews ayicniaW oldcsiatite aeons oleise 6 ore Mail Paid Gress meena racoeicrerslacaroerlawisteloe sain ave nia Seis ou Cas meio eine wee eee eee [A-270-Lc] ee THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 FOR THE HOUSEKEEPER AND HOME-MAKER A Joy to Yourself in the Possession The Old Furniture Book By N. Hudson Moore Large r2mo, cloth, with: more than 100 illustrations, chiefly from photographs of rare pieces. $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. Chats on Old Furniture By Arthur Hayden Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, with more than too illustrations. $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. The Old China Book By N. Hudson Moore Large 12mo, cloth, with more than 150 illus- trations. $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. Chats on English China By Arthur Hayden Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top. With colored frontispiece, more than 8o illustra- tions, and more than 150 old China marks. $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.16. The Oriental Rug Book By Mary Churchill Ripley Large 12mo, cloth, with 8 illustrations in color and more than roo in black and white. The most complete and the most fully illustrated book on the subject. WITH MANY NEW FEA- TURES. $3.00 net; postpaid, $3.20. Do You KwNow about that fine Oriental rug; that bit of old china that graces your sideboard ; the old piece of glowing mahogany that is an heirloom in your family ; the deau- tiful lace that was a part of your grand- mother’s wedding gown ; or the other things that make up the beauty and distinctiveness of the home ? Do You LovE AND APPRECIATE the o/d@ things above the zew, but remain afraid to indulge your collector’s spirit lest something shall be foisted upon you that genuine? is not THESE BOOKS WERE MADE TO HELP YOU. They have been prepared by experts with special reference to the needs of the amateur, and containa GREATER AMOUNT OF RELIABLE INFORMATION THAN ANY SIMILAR BOOKS, in simple lan- guage and at a reasonable price. Write to-day for further information, circulars, and sample illustrations. A Generous Gift for Your Friend The Lace Book By N. Hudson Moore A practical guide for all owners and lovers of lace. Quarto, cloth, beautifully decorated and printed, with more than too full-page illustrations. $5.00 net; postpaid, $5.30. New This Year Old Pewter, Brass, Copper and Old Sheffield Plate By N. Hudson Moore With more than 75 full-page plates. Cloth, 8vo, $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. Home Furnishing: Practical and Artistic By Alice M. Kellogg With 32 full-page illustrations from photo- graphs. Cloth, r2mo, $1.50 net; postpaid, | $1.65. Serving and Waiting By Eleanor Marchant With 32 full-page illustrations from photo- graphs. Cloth, 12mo, $1.20 net; postpaid, $1.35. FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK A Southern Girl in ’61 Memos of rare quality DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133-135-137 East Sixteenth Street, NEW By MRS. D. GIRAUD The great and tragic events amid which Mrs. Wright’s girlhood was passed will arouse enduring interest in her memoirs. ‘The book is alive with the intense individuality of the authoress, and throws new light upon the social history of the Confederacy. Thirty-two pages of illustra- tions from old photographs Net, $2.75. (Postage, 28c.) Uniform volumes - A BELLE OF THE FIFTIES Memoirs of “‘ Mrs. Clay, of Alabama.” Put into narrative form by Ada Sterling. With twenty-four portraits from rare pho- tographs and daguerreotypes, two of them in color. Net, $2.75. (Postage 28c.) RECOLLECTIONS AND IGA INEIRS Ole ROBBER IE. LE By his son, Captain Robert E. Lee. Four portraits in photogravure. Net, $2.50. (Postage, 25c.) ““ An intimate revelation of a noble personality.’’—N. Y. Herald. MEMOIRS OF MME. VIGEE LEBRUN Net, $2.75 (Postage, 28c.) MEMOIRS OF A CONTEMPORARY Net, $2.75. (Postage, 28c.) MEMOIRS OF COUNTESS POTOCKA $3.50 Edited and translated by LIONEL STRACHEY Each profusely illustrated YORK OcTOBER, 1905 THE REASON FOR SUBSCRIBING T is even more profitable for us to have our readers buy THE GARDEN MAGAZINE at the newsstands instead of subscribing, but because the magazine is valuable as a book complete in half-yearly volumes, many per- sons wish us to supply issues they have neg- lected to buy on the newsstands. A safer way is to send $r for a year’s subscription, in which case the subscriber gets the double numbers without extra price. It can be sent through your newsdealer or direct. Always state with what number the subscription should begin. VOLUME I, ““GARDEN MAGAZINE” Eventually this volume will be extremely valuable, and many people will want it to complete their sets when it is unobtainable. We have a limited supply of this first volume in bound form. Price, postpaid, bound in cloth, $1.35. We cannot supply separate copies of the February nor of the April num- bers. Of the March, May, June, July and August numbers we have a supply for people who wish to fill their files. THE GARDEN LIBRARY AND NATURE BOOKS The first volume, ‘‘Roses and How to Grow Them,” is now ready. The second volume, ‘‘Ferns and How to Grow Them,”’ we expect to have ready toward the latter part of October. Other and larger books in the nature field will be ‘‘The Tree Book,” by Miss Julia E. Rogers, of which we will give more particulars elsewhere; and ‘‘The Frog Book,” by Miss Mary C. Dicker- son. Meanwhile, new parts of ‘‘The Dog Book” are published each month, and ‘‘ The Poultry Book” is finally complete. CHANGE OF ADDRESS We receive thousands of requests to change addresses every month, and regret that we are often obliged to inconvenience our cus- tomers because they give us only the address to which they wish the magazine sent. Our files are not kept alphabetically but geograph- ically. For instance, a subscriber by the name of Smith is not kept under the initial of his name, but according, first, to the state in which he lives, and, next, to the town. Therefore, if he writes to us, and tells us to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “To business that we love we rise betime And go to’t with delight.”—A xtony and Cleopatra. send the magazine to Springfield, Illinois, we are hopelessly at sea to know from what state to transfer him. If our readers will remember this in making their requests for change of address, it will very much simplifv our work. “COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA” NUMBER BUILDING The beautiful three-color cover for October The best issue that has ever been printed of this magazine is the October number, which might easily be worth $1,000 to any one contemplating building a home. Here is a partial table of contents: What Constitutes a Successful Country Home. Reconstruction with an Ax. A $10,000 Home in the Virginia Mountains. A House Built Around a Garden. The Planning of a House. How to Estimate What a House will Cost. Building a Fireplace in Time for Christmas. New Ideas in Window Construction. The Sanitation of a Country House. The Astonishing Advance in Concrete Houses. The Plumbing, Heating, and Lighting of a $15,000 Country House. Sensible Walks and Drives. And other interesting articles. THE: TALK: OF THE - OFFICE FICE: | BOOK CAREERS A few years ago ‘‘ Bob, Son of Battle,” by Alfred Ollivant, a novel now famous, was published and did not sell. A bookseller in Milwaukee became interested in the book and bought in lots of twenty-five; it began to have friends who recommended it, and now about 51,000 have been sold. The same thing is happening with what might be called a Nature Novel, a story en- titled ‘‘Freckles,”’ though several thousand were sold at the start. A man in Chicago became enamored of the book, and began to buy in lots of too and gave them to his em- ployees; a bookseller in Rochester got inter- ested and sold several hundred. A_ half dozen instances like this have come up in a week, and we expect to see the day when we shall print the book in lots of 10,000. To any reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who will order the book from his bookstore and read it, Doubleday, Page & Company will agree to replace the book by any other published by them if it does not please him. BINDING CASES We will send for 75 cents a binding case in which to preserve the numbers as they come out. These must not be confused with the bound volume case, which can be used by a local binder to bind the volume in per- manent form; this binding case is 50 cents, postpaid. OCTOBER “‘WORLD’S WORK” A glance at the partial table of contents, given below, for the October World’s Work, shows the broad scope of this number of the magazine, which, our friends tell us, state? the essence of the happenings of the time in convenient as well as attractive form; it is a succinct narrative of the progress of the world, complete, striking, valuable. Our Financial Oligarchy, Sereno S. Pratt. The Automobile in Industry, H. Olerich. The Story of the Granger Lines, the second of the series “The Railroads and the Square Deal,” Rowland Thomas. Making a Living by Writing, Gilson Willets. Our Mix-up in Santo Domingo the second of the series on the “Control of the Caribbean,” by Eugene P. Lyle, Jr. The Confessions of a Speculator. Great Changes in the Railroad Problem, William Z. Ripley. The Real Mr. Jerome, M. G. Cunniff. Federal Regulation of Insurance, Senator John F. Dryden. The New Science cf Business. 104 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcTOBER, 1905 Hardy Lilies for Fall Planting LL Lilies are better for fall planting, but sometimes A many varieties of Japanese Lilies do not arrive before ——_| the ground freezes up. ‘There is one method, how- S333! ever, by which they can be planted late in November or in December, and that is to cover the ground in which they are to be planted, before it freezes, with eight or twelve inches of stable manure. This will prevent the ground from freez- ing, and the manure can be removed and tthe lilies planted upon their arrival. We will not deliver any varieties of lilies which do not arrive until after hard freezing weather until spring, unless instructed otherwise. We re-pack in sand lilies > arriving too late for fall delivery and store in a cold cellar : eg (ihe until spring, when they are delivered as early as possible. Lilium Superbum If there is a more satisfactory lily or hardy plant of any kind than our splendid native Superbum Lily we don’t know it. Either in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be sur- passed. In good soil it will grow eight feet high and pro- duce twenty to thirty of its beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in the garden is not over plentiful. For vigor and reliability it is unequalled. Ten years ago we planted several hundred in a rough part of the grounds of one of our customers. “They have been allowed to take care of them- selves ever since and take their chance with the grass and other wild plants that have tried to crowd them out, but there are more of them and they were finer this season than ever before. We have secured a very large stock of extra selected bulbs, which we offer at specially low prices for immediate delivery. 12 for $1.50 25 for $2.50 100 for $8.00 250 for $17.00 500 for $30.00 1,000 for $55.00 JAPANESE LILIES Longiflorum Lilies are ready in October; the other varieties we expect to receive early in November Per Doz. 100 Auratum. 8 to 9 inches : ; F : ‘ : . $0.90 $6.50 g to 11 inches ; 5 : : é : ; 5 Mol) wie) rr to 13 inches : : : j ; - 2.50 18.00 | J | : 11 to 13 inches, selected bulbs. : : 0 0 BxCO. 2UCS Tigrinum Simplex. ‘The well-known single Tiger Lily. Of Longiflorum. The Longiflorum has large, pure ithe, trumpet- the easiest culture, and worthy of general planting on Per Doz. 100 shaped flowers like the Bermuda Easter Lily, but is account of its stately habit and fine effect in the landscape $0.60 $4.00 pertectly hardy. 5 to 7 inches. . - . ~ «50 3.00 Tigrinum splendens. Improved Single Tiger Lily . . .6¢ 4.50 6 to 8 inches : : ‘ : é . : 6. 0G. Lal 7 to 9 inches eo se NATIVE LILIES 9 to ro inches I : E 2 i Speciosum album. 8 to 9g inches ; : : 5 HoGS)) LOGO Ready for immediate delivery g to 11 inches , : : : i : ; 3 BeG@> itso) 11 to 13 inches 3.50 25.00 Canadense flavum. Our dainty, beautiful mee graceful and Speciosum Melromens: Similar to Rubrum, but more charming yellow flowers. tAe9) 7 AIO) brilliant. 7 to 9 inches 1.35 9.00 Canadense rubrum. Red flowers. A most lovely and Sater g to 10 inches } . 1.7§ 12.00 lily. Fine for planting in Settee orchardsormeadows 1.00 7.00 Speciosum rubrum, or roseum. ‘Tile 8 © g inches . 1.35 9.00 Canadense Mixed. 2) We ee oe oO) | OS® g to 12 inches : : P 0 Ute7/§ UAL) Carolinianum. The only fagrane native lily : 3 . 2.50 16.00 Monster bulbs : 0 0 - 2.25 16.00 Grayi. A small native lily; very aint and rare. The bulbs Tigrinum flore pleno. Double le Tiger Lily. The only double are quite small : : . each, 30 cents 3.00 lily worth growing. : : 6 7 ONESEOO Philadelphicum. Orange-red, with bile spots. : 5 CO) 7/1) We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Pazonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Ponies, including extra large specimens, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees and Shrubs will be sent on request. ‘¢SA Plea for Hardy Plants,’ by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy New customers are requested to send references or Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrange- F ith thei d ments with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. remittances with their orders ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, - - PITTSBURG, PA. Particulars on request. VoL. II.—No. 3 PUBLISHED MONTHLY OCTOBER, 1905 j ONE DOLLAR A YEAR (Twenty-Five CENTS A Copy PAGE The Gardener’s Reminder . ‘ : 6 = OG The Fall Planting of Trees, Shrubs, Fruits, and Vines I. Fall Planting in the North : Henry Hicks 106 II. Fall Planting on the Prairies F. D. Maynard 109 III. Fall Planting in the South J. M. Hunter 111 Wilhelm Miller, Editor Cover design by Henry Troth Contents Hardy Perennials for Fall Planting W.C. Egan How to Raise Plants by the Hundred N.S. Green 116 Hardy Bulbs for Fall Planting W.N. Craig 117 Original Designs for Bulb Beds Daffodils Everyone Should Know Thomas McAdam 125 PAGE It4 Jens Jensen 122 The Home Storage of Fruits SS. W. Fletcher 128 A New Kind of Garden School Mary Leland Butler 132 Bulbs for the Window Garden W.E. Pendleton 135 The Wineberry—An Amateur’s Fruit Ida M. Angell 136 Doubleday, Page & Company, 133-137 East 16th St., New York COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY. ENTERED AS SECON”) CLASS MATTER, JANUARY 12, 1905, AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N.Y., UNDER THE ACT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 3, 1879 Why Fall Planting Pays Vow avoid the spring rush—a bie item— reason enough. You gain a considerable time, in many cases. You can select varieties more intelligently in fall than in spring. You have a full stock to select from; less danger of ‘“‘substitution.” You do a better job, because you have more time. THE DISADVANTAGES OF SPRING PLANTING The vegetable garden demands all one’s leisure; trees and flowers are slighted. Plants may come late from the nursery or suffer in transit. Spring is always abnormal; either too wet or too dry. Summer drought is a terror to spring planting, but not to fall planting. AVCID RISK IN FALL PLANTING Don’t plant anything on cold, wet, heavy soil; drain it and lighten it first. Don’t plant peaches, apricots, plums, evergreens, or trees with ‘“‘punky” roots. (See page 106.) Avoid thin-barked trees, like birch, or wrap them with straw. Mulch every tree for winter protection. Insist on getting well-ripened stock. Order early and plant early. Ask your nurseryman if he will guarantee to replace dead trees. THI JOYOUS SEASON OF BULBS October is the time to plant every kind of “bulb, root and tuber.” To make formal flower beds. To make new informal borders. To start bulbs for the window garden, es- pecially Roman hyacinths for Christmas. To order hyacinth glasses. Have you ever grown hyacinths in water ? To get shallow bowls and pebbles for Chinese sacred lilies. To put crocuses in the lawn where they will make a charming picture. TRY SOMETHING NEW THIS YEAR Why not naturalize a thousand poet’s nar- cissus bulbs in some meadow, woods, orchard, shrubbery, or on the bank of a stream ? Have you ever tried giant snowdrops, snowflakes, or glory of the snow? Try them on the north side of a house where there is not enough light for ordinary flowers. Are you acquainted with ixias for the win- ter window garden? Freesias? ‘The Ber- muda buttercup (Oxalis lutea)? THE VEGETABLE GARDEN Clean up and burn diseased plants, manure the garden, plow it and leave it all winter. Burn asparagus tops and manure the bed. You can make new asparagus and rhu- barb beds and plant sets of extra early pearl onions for use next March. Put some parsley plants in a box and place it in a light cellar or in a shed. Put some frozen rhubarb roots in a barrel of earth in the cellar where they will produce “‘pie-plant” for winter use. Dig chickory for salad and store in sand in a dry cellar. Blanch endive by tying lightly at the tips. Bury a barrel of cabbage in a well-drained spot and cover with leaves. Or pile cab- bages on the barn floor and cover with straw enough to prevent solid freezing. Start a mild hotbed and have home-grown radishes and lettuce at Christmas. THE SOUTHERN GARDENER’S REMINDER In the latitude of Richmond, sow early cab- bage, turnip for ‘“‘salad,”’ kale, spinach, let- tuce and mustard. Toward the end of the month set out cab- bage and lettuce plants which are to stay outdoors all winter. Start new beds of asparagus and rhubarb. Set out strawberry plants. Fall-sown grass seed generally makes a bet- ter lawn than spring-sown seed. Plant spring-blooming bulbs. Sow pansies in coldframes. A NOVEL EXPERIMENT If the witch hazel grows wild in your neighborhood, cut some flowering branches for indoor decoration... Last year’s pods will open while you are not looking, and shoot their black seeds ten feet across your parlor, and you will hear strange noises in the night. Fall Planting of Trees, Shrubs, Fruits and Vines A FRANK DISCUSSION OF THE SUBJECT, TELLING WHAT IS SAFE, WHAT IS RISKY, AND HOW TO AVOID THE PITFALLS—WHAT FALL PLANTING GAINS—HOW TO PLANT A TREE Photographs by HENRY TrRoTnH, except No. 121 by H. E. ParrripGE, and No. 131 by ARTHUR HEWITT I. Fall Planting in the North By Henry Hicks, New York HE argument for fall planting which is usually considered most important is that it does away with the spring rush. I believe the emphasis should be placed upon the fact that autumn is the time when a buyer can make the most intelligent selection. It is the time when we most realize the value of shade, the privacy of screen plantings, the beauty of 112. The marsnmaliow, the glory of August, one of the largest-flowered shrubs. Few people Know that it will grow in any garden and can be planted in the fall. Every nurseryman has it. (Hibiscus Moschentos) berried shrubs, and the few frost-resistant flowers. The principal reason for fall plant- ing is that the opportunity exists; the needs are so great and the chances of failure so few that we should make the best of every opportunity. Early fall planting, in September and Octo- ber, before the leaves are off the trees, may be a new idea to many people, but it is excellent practice, as the leaves have plenty of time to become established before winter sets in. If the wood is ripe, the foliage can be picked off several weeks before frost. Those who have hitherto preferred spring planting should make a trial of early fall planting. It offers advantages worthy of investigation. The best varieties of fruit trees can then be studied. You can then tell where to put things to the best advantage, because the best opportunity to carry in the mind’s eye the effect of the pro- posed planting is when the trees and shrubs are in the leaf. The tree agent who calls in February is instructed to sell the fruit trees that grow most vigorously in the nursery, or which have the handsomest fruit, or the high- priced novelties, or the kinds of which the nurseryman has a surplus. He rarely has knowledge of the local adaptations of varie- ties, and unfortunately our horticultural liter- ature has not reached the point of giving lists for each locality. However, most nursery- men, and your neighbors who have orchards, are willing to show them to visitors and to give them the benefit of their observation of varieties. ‘Ihe same is even more true in re- gard to ornamental planting. THE ‘‘POINTS”’ IN SELECTING TREES Visit the nurseries in August, September and October, or earlier even, and, if possible, select the trees in person. In these months the merits and defects of various trees stand out most clearly. If they cannot endure the late summer drought then is the time that they show it. In the spring we are likely to select the tree that has grown the fastest and straightest. In September the biggest tree for the money (as Carolina poplar) may look the worst, because of its inability to stand the summer drought. There are almost as many points in select- ing good trees as in selecting animals. How- 113. The matrimony vine has long, slender, drooping wands loaded with scarlet berries sometimes almost an inch long. They make a fine contrast with the leaves, which remain green until they drop (Lycium Chinense). Technically a shrub ever, trees have the happy faculty of recover- ing from their defects. Be sure that trees have good roots and that the tops are straight and symmetrical. One expert tree buyer says: ‘‘ Look first at the top of the leader and then right down the tree.” The quality of a tree is not shown by any one set of measure- ments. Height alone is not a fair criterion of its value. The tree may be tall and very slender, but crooked, and likely to lop over. It may have a big diameter and still have poor roots and a crooked trunk. It pays to go to a nursery and get what you want, instead of buying latin names. Almost anything can be planted in the fall, 106 provided the work be done early enough so that the plants can send out new roots before -the ground freezes, and provided the ground be mulched to keep out frost during the winter. At this season, moreover, mulching is most readily at hand, the leaves from the forest and lawn being surplus products that are quickly available. A few branches of evergreens or other brush will keep the leaves from blowing away. There is no danger from drought in fall planting, as there is in spring. The great dangers are damp and cold. Drainage will insure you against the first; mulching against the second. WHAT IS SAFE AND WHAT IS RISKY Deciduous Trees——Nearly all deciduous trees can be safely planted during the last half of October, November and the first half of December. There are two classes of exceptions. 1. The tulip tree, magnolia and sweet gum should not be planted in the fall, because the bark of the roots is of the ‘‘punky” type, i. e., very thick, soft and spongy. When trees of this kind are planted in the fall the roots are liable to decay. These trees should be planted just as the foliage is starting in the spring, when the ground is soft and warm and the broken and bruised roots can heal without delay. 2. Thin-barked trees, like birch and beech, are also too risky. The small twigs die at the tips, the roots being unable to send enough sap to take the place of that which is evapo- rated. However, many people have brought ee Mohd e A 114. The Japan pagoda tree, typical of many choice trees which we ought to Know. It has conspicuous dark-green branches in winter and showy panicles of yellowish-white flowers from July to September (Sovhora Japonica, var. pendula) OcTOBER, 1905 them successfully through the first winter by wrapping the bark with straw. Put rye straw an inch deep around them and wrap spirally with string. Deciduous Shrubs.—Deciduous shrubs are safe to plant in the fall, and even in case they do winter kill, their quick recovery makes it of no importance. Such shrubs as althea, Japan Judas, Forsythia viridissima and Cali- fornia privet are liable to winter killing, especially if they make a soft, late growth, but that need not deter one from planting in the fall. Such winter killing is probably caused by a very sudden fall in temperature after a late, warm autumn, which has pre- vented the wood from ripening. Evergreens.—Evergreen trees with a suf- ficient ball of earth can be planted in October and November if well mulched to keep out frost for a width of three feet outside the roots, and ten inches deep, but evergreens without a ball of earth should not be planted in October and November. August and September are excellent months for ever- greens. The broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, such as rhododendron, kalmia, Azalea amena and the Leucothe Catesbei, must have a big ball of earth or they cannot be planted safely in the autumn. However, some broad-leaved evergreens had better not be planted until spring. Naturally, holly that does not keep a ball of earth is best planted in the spring and should have all the leaves picked off. Vines.—All vines may be planted in the fall. If they die back so much the better, as it is best for vines to start from the roots. Fruits —The stone fruits, such as plum and peach, are generally considered best planted in the spring, because if fall planted the small twigs dry out, but this rarely happens more than when the trees are properly pruned. All the small fruits may be fall planted— currants, gooseberries, raspberries, black- berries and grapes. August planting of strawberries will give a good crop the follow- ing June. Strawberries can be planted in the fall, but will not yield a good crop until the second spring thereafter. HOW TO PREPARE THE GROUND FOR PLANTING Consider your soil and decide whether you will give it any preparation or not. If the soil is such that trees of the kind you want will grow vigorously in it, and reach old age without starvation, and will provide the required amount of moisture to avoid drought, no preparation is needed. If, on the other hand, the soil is poor and dry, either naturally or as a result of grading, there are two ways of preparing it: first, by covering the soil with manure and fertilizer; and second, by carting away the present soil and bringing in new. Rarely, however, is carting soil necessary. The two or three cubic yards of good soil which are usually carted to replace bad soil are at best but a starter. A tree a foot in diameter spreads twenty-five feet or more; it costs too much to cart enough soil for such a tree. Where the top soil is only a foot or a foot and a half deep, and is underlaid by porous sand or gravel, it is best to put in a depth of two and 15: 107 In the case of snrubs that bloom in early spring beiore the ieaves, there is an extra reason for fall planting, since you may miss their color for a season if you plant in spring. Golden Bell or Forsythia,. the best early-blooming, yellow-flowered shrub, should always have an evergreen background a half feet of good soil, as it gives more moist- ure and food for the tree. If you can afford to do that for a diameter of six feet it is well but, of course, the tree as it reaches maturity 116. The glorious Oregon or large-leaved maple (Acer macrophylla), with leaves often a foot across. north of New York. A perfect specimen at Dosoris, Long Island, has windbreak protection would like a wider supply. If the subsoil is hard pan or clay loam, perhaps the only prep- aration needed is to take it up and loosen it to a depth of two feet and a diameter of six feet. Not hardy 108 Probably 98 per cent. of our tree plantings get no better preparation nor carting of soil, and will do just as well as the trees in the woods or hedgerows if, like the trees in the woods and hedgerows, they are adapted to their conditions. And, in planting, the old rule of Olmstead and other lanscape archi- tects of ‘‘Plant native trees” or “American trees for America”’ is a safe one to follow. But that rule can be carried even farther. Upland trees should be planted in the uplands and swamp trees in the swamps. It is in planting swamp trees in the uplands, and planting trees from an equable climate in a 117. Fall is the time to make a grape arbor, and also the best time to plant grapes. variable climate, that the most serious errors are made. There are some trees, however, which thrive in both swamp and upland. PLANTING ON SWAMP LAND To avoid stagnant water and sour soil draining may be. necessary. This should be attended to before planting, because sour soil will rot roots quickly. One way to plant on wet ground is to plant high, putting the tree above the surface and heaping the earth above its roots. Trees that have been blown over in swamps show that this is nature’s method, the roots being only six inches deep. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE When bringing in soil it is best to use top soil which has been proved good by the growth on it. Sometimes, however, you get top soil from a very moist place, and it may be very sandy and the luxuriance of growth due to abundant moisture. Often the whole region is sandy, and the top soil that is brought in is but very little better than the loam that is on the place. It has only been darkened a little by the decaying grasses, leaves and vegetable There is one kind of soil to be avoided, and that is matter, and is an expensive luxury. the black muck from the bottom of a pond, as it is sour. Until it has been exposed to frost or weathered a season, it is almost certain to be injurious to the roots. PRUNING BEFORE PLANTING First cut off smoothly the broken root ends which are over half an inch in diameter. Next trim the top if it cannot be easily reached from the ground after planting. A convenient way is to hold the tree away from you, or lay it over a box so that the top is in the air. With an oak or other hardwood tree, cut back severely, reducing the number of buds 60 per cent. to 80 per cent. Perhaps half or two-thirds of the branches can be OCTOBER, 1905 taken off close to the trunk, leaving only those which are to form the framework of the future tree. These branches should also be pruned, cutting them back perhaps half way or more to a bud or crotch of a small twig. It is a mooted question whether the top or leader should be cut off. If the leader is cut off a tree forms later two leaders, which are apt to split the trunk and ruin the tree, as in the case of many maples. In Boston young elm trees are planted with a long, slender pole tied to each. As the tree grows this pole is moved up the trunk, and the tree kept to a single leader for sometimes thirty feet. Catawba is a good variety for arbors After the hole has been prepared it should be partially refilled so that the trees are at their natural level. Spread the roots out straight. It is most essential to work fine, mellow soil under the centre of the tree. In the case of fine roots, it may be necessary to do this with the fingers, putting down one layer of roots and covering them with soil, and then another. With coarse, fibrous roots the earth can be packed in with a pointed stick. The next operation is to see that the tree stands vertically. The simplest way is to stand off, then hold up the shovel so that it OCTOBER, 1905 forms a plumb bob, and take a sight. Then stand around and look at the tree from a direction at right angles to the first line of sight, seeing that the trunk stands erect on both lines. Packing the earth firmly around the centre will hold it in position in most instances. Next cover the side roots with the earth. The main idea is to get the earth in contact with all the roots, so that the moisture can be taken in immediately. After the roots are 118. thus covered with fine earth rough sods and loam may be used. Watering fall-planted trees is rarely neces- sary, as the ground will generally have suffi- cient moisture. Mulching with a coarse stable manure or forest leaves completes the operation. Mice sometimes girdle young trees. For protection against mice, cover with wire net- ting, or make a mound of firm earth a foot high around the trunk, or cover the bark with some substance to repel the mice. However, most of these things are usually omitted, as the damage done is suffered by only a small percentage of the quantity of trees planted. Beeches planted in a circle for a chiidren’s playhouse. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE II. Fall Planting on the Prairies By F. D. Maynard (formerly of Nebraska) HE fall season offers unusual advantages for planting all kinds of trees and shrubs, except evergreens, throughout the entire Western states. I have had unusual opportunities for observing the effect of fall planting in Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Minnesota, North and South Dakota and Utah. Although I have not been through this region since 1902, I was actively engaged there in extensive fruit and ornamental plant- ing for more than twenty years. There was a time when we all thought that it would be the height of folly to plant any- thing in the fall, and in the pioneer days, on the wind-swept, treeless plains, it was cer- tainly almost courting failure. In those parts of the country to-day, where there are few trees and no windbreaks, fall planting is still a risky proposition. Yet I do not say that it cannot be done. On the contrary, I would not hesitate to do my own planting in the fall, if I were thoroughly acquainted with the conditions. 109 Throughout the entire Western territory, broadly speaking, planting is possible any time that the trees are out of leaf. The controlling conditions of the tree, the soil and the weather do not differ in their essentials from those which govern plant- ing in the East, save that wind is the great enemy rather than intense winter cold. Some parts of the West are comparable to the territory of western New York Especially and the New England states. A clear proof that cur forefathers had more imagination and sense than we is this true in some parts of Illinois and in Wisconsin. THE GREAT PROBLEM OF THE WEST The great problem that the planter has to contend with is how to keep a proper supply of moisture about the roots of the newly planted tree. Naturally, the tree that is dug up from the nursery, when it is put into its permanent position in the ground, has a smaller root system than it had where it was originally growing. It is not so well equipped to take up the moisture that is in the soil, and there is the added difficulty of a possible scarcity cf moisture. The tree is to some 110 ~ om Da A ae 119. In the fall we ought to plant a few trees that have remarkable winter beauty, e.g., the oriental plane, which is covered with pendant button balls all winter. (Platanus orientalis) extent handicapped. The wind storms of winter which sweep over the enormous stretches of flat, treeless plains, suck up such quantities of moisture from the soil that a tree not well established before the real winter sets in has a hard struggle. But if protected from the wind, fall planting in the West is robbed of its terror. The moral is, plant windbreaks. Wind- breaks are being planted to-day on the prairies, and are best made of the more resist- ant trees which can be put out with impunity at almost any time of the year. In the lee of these windbreaks we plant as you do in the East, but outside of this pro- tected area we do not plant big trees—the smaller the better, indeed. It is customary in making a planting list for this part of the country to reduce all sizes, as compared with the East, from two to three years. If you would buy a three or five-year-old tree in the East, you would purchase two or three-year- old trees in the West, because they would ex- pose less surface to the wind. When wind- breaks are more common we may be able to use bigger trees from the nursery. THE BEST TREES FOR WINDBREAKS A type of tree that can be planted through the West with the certainty of living, and which is being used largely for windbreaks on account of its rapid growth, is represented by the box elder, Russian mulberry, cotton- wood, osage orange, honey locust and white ash. ‘The only evergreen that it is safe to use for windbreak purposes is the white pine (Pinus Strobus), but, of course, it is not planted in the fall. Under no circumstances can we plant evergreens at this season. The struggle against the dry wind would be en- tirely too much for them. THE KILLING HOT WINDS OF SUMMER As compared with spring planting there is much to be said in favor of the fall. If we can get the trees in the ground during October and they will make growth early in the spring, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE they are in a better condition to withstand the dryness of the occasional hot winds of July and August. Spring planting has al- ways been attended with the risk of entire loss from these hot winds. The gardeners of the East can form no conception of the devastation caused in this way. I have had acres of thrifty young trees killed root and branch by these hot summer winds. I do not wish to have it inferred that these winds recur every year. Far. from it! They are occa- sional, but, when they do come, Heaven help the man with newly planted, unestablished trees! The garden often suffers from the effects of these winds, which will literally burn up the flower garden in its fullest glory. Windbreaks or shelters of one sort or another are needed as much for protection against summer winds as winter winds. I can recall sitting on the piazza of a house in Wisconsin when one of these hot winds sprang up, and 120. Ali hardy vines can be planted in the fall, and, next to Japan ivy (Ampelopsis Veitchii), the best vine OCTOBER, 1905 seeing ‘a bed of pansies on the unprotected side of the house literally burnt up in a few hours. OCTOBER THE BEST MONTH It has come to be customary to plant only during the month of October. As soon as November comes planting is attended with some risk, and by about the tenth of the month the limit of time is reached. In many cases nursery stock will not be received by the purchaser after the first of November, and the nurseries do not urge its delivery after that time. Again, this is all on account of the winds. There is no particular reason to fear for your trees during the first week of Novem- ber, but some time during the month you are sure to have high winds. Mulching will ex- tend the planting season. We do not mulch, as the Eastern gardeners do, to keep the ground frozen and to prevent the heaving of for crowded Northern cities is the wistaria, with its large grape-like clusters of purplish pea-shaped flowers. All it needs is a hole in the pavement, but it almost never flourishes in the City of New York OCTOBER, 1905 121. hardier than Japan ivy at Minneapolis. the soil and consequent tearing of the roots. We mulch in order to retain moisture. The prairie soil does not crack and heave. A summer mulch is often of more value than a winter mulch. Dwellers on the prairie who live near a stream or lake have very favorable conditions for tree planting. With a large underground supply of moisture, the problem of winter drought is greatly lessened, and on the banks of big rivers they even plant in winter. WHAT NOT TO PLANT You can plant with impunity everything that might be planted in the East. Never, under any circumstances, plant evergreens or peaches in the fall. Plums adapted to the region can be safely planted in the autumn. Away from the sheltered situations it is not safe to plant roses, apricots, oaks or any of the nut trees. In the West the walnut is rarely ever planted. It is always grown from seed where it is to stand. Any kind of shrub that would not be spoiled by having its top cut can be planted in the fall. If during the winter it is partially killed above ground it counts very little, but do not plant ‘‘speci- mens. It is far better to grow them from small pieces. FRUIT FOR THE HOME GARDEN In fruit trees the Western gardener is more restricted than his Eastern brother. He must select varieties which will grow in his dis- trict. The Kieffer and Le Conte pears, for instance, hardy and rugged, can be planted It is a mistake to cover a handsome house completely with vines. (Ampelopsis quinquefolia, var. Engelmannit), a form of Virginia creeper having disKs like Japan ivy, which enable it to grow on stone or brick. The leaves are smaller and denser than the common Virginia creeper and a prettier red in the fall THE GARDEN all over the West. They do not object to the extreme dryness of the winter. In some parts of this territory where soils of a clay nature abound tree planting exhibits especial difficulties. In some parts of Illinois, for instance, we find perhaps the worst region in the whole country for the tree planter, and it is possible to expect nothing like a reason- able success. Plant hardwood cherries, such as Duke and Morello. Possibly 80 per cent. of the cherry trees planted in the West are Early Richmond. The other or sweet cher- ries, being softer, suffer more from drought than the sour kinds and can only be planted in especially favored spots. In gardens small fruits are planted exactly as in the East. You can put out potted strawberry plants in August and even Octo- ber to get fruit next spring. The grape, the raspberry and blackberry are planted in October because, even if they are winter killed to the ground, there is no loss. In Illinois and Lowa particularly, but also. in some other states, there is a depth of soil that would astonish the gardener of the East. In some places six feet is a common depth. With this great depth controlled, or rather protected from the winds, the Western gar- dener has a great opportunity for successful planting in the fall. It is merely a question of getting water at the roots in sufficient quan- tities to make up for any that is driven out from the top by the winds. In the milder climates, where the winds are not so severe, fall planting can be done with a certainty of success by watering abundantly at the time MAGAZINE On this house the vines are cut back every year. Meat, 1 Gers They are Engelmann’s ivy It seems to be of planting while the soil is being filled in around the ball, and in keeping up copious waterings after the frost closes down. III. Fall Planting in the South By J. M. Hunter ROM every standpoint, the fall is the ideal planting time in the South. There, and only there, the weather conditions are such that you can with impunity carry on the work to advantage until a late date. Though no longer a resident of the South, I have had an experience covering a wide range of country—from Florida (on the Indian River), with its oranges and pine- apples, to Waynesville, in the mountains of North Carolina, where grow some of the finest apples, pears and plums to be had any- where. Trees and shrubs (evergreens and decid- uous), and fruits and vegetables in an al- most unlimited variety, passed through my hands during the years I was in the South, and from the results of planting at various seasons I cannot with honesty recommend any other time of the year to be so successful for enduring success there. SUMMER HEAT THE SOUTH’S ENEMY There is one great dominant reason for this—the plants are better able to withstand the summer’s heat. The Southern summer is hot—very hot—and the Southern winter is mild, compared with the winters of the East. Though frosts come, they are not so very A (eS 122. A pin oak in late Sepiember; its ripened leaves may now be stripped. The fastest growing oak. About 12-ft. high, 2% in. in diam.; worth $1.50 severe, the temperature rarely going many degrees below the freezing point. In a general way, the fall-planting season in the South is later than that of the North. The trees and shrubs make a later growth, 125. The wrong place to cut—between the buds. The twig will die and leave a stub. Reduce the top of a hardwood tree 60 to 80 per cent. and it may be well into November sometimes before the condition of growth is such that the tree can safely be disturbed. Planting in the South is generally done from November to March, the dormant 127. Let the tree stand as deep as it did before. Don’t curl the roots 128. Use fine earth. Pack with a stick having a rounded, not square, end THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 123. A white oak ready for fall planting. The upland type of roots as contrasied with the swamp type, of which the pin oak is an example period of the trees, and my preference is for early planting. I had rather do the work in October, even, than wait until March. All the arguments for fall planting in the East hold good, too, in the South, with this one having still greater weight—by fall planting there is time for the trees to become estab- lished before the warmth of spring. Plant- ing later than March is running unreasonable risk. Late planting means that the drying sun will beat down and rapidly dry out, not only the ground but the very moisture from the plant itself. In the fall the really hot sun only endures for a few hours. ‘The evenings and nights are cool, and generally much dew falls. Later on, as the winter arrives, even should you have frost, it seems as if the moisture which had fallen merely arose and stood erect for the sun to drive it back again into the ground; the cycle to be repeated the next day. I well remember, one November, planting some 200 street trees (maples), four inches in diameter, without a single loss—not even one questionable case—for all throve abun- dantly. Of course the planting must be done properly. The soil must be there; climate rt es Ls Hs & -merely push them under the soil. 129. Now put on the lumps and sod and firm them with the packing stick OCTOBER, 1905 A Norway maple about 14-ft. high, 2% in. in worth $1.50. Low-branched, symmetrical, A type of root system easily transplanted 124. diam.; stocKy. will not do all. When you are going to plant, prepare the ground thoroughly. Don’t make small holes, and then tread in the roots or If your roots across the bole of the tree measure three 4 126. The branch on the man’s left arm should be cut below his shoulder and the cluster of short twigs should be thinned out to two or three feet, make a hole six feet wide and three feet deep. Why plant in the fall? Because your trees are in position, ready to take up work in spring at the earliest possible moment; and 130. Now tramp and level. Allow three inches for settling. All done but mulching OcTOBER, 1905 every twenty-four hours in the spring is worth forty -eight in the fall, as far as the growth of a plant is con- cerned. Moreover, with the heaviest work done, should the weather be such as does sometimes occur—a very dry spring—spray and give water. I well remember the first six acres of a lawn that I put down. The party who had farmed the ground for years previous, because I was plowing all through the winter, preparing to sow my seed, remarked that I would ruin it, and said that it wouldn’t grow grass after such treat- ment. I astonished him by running a Northern lawn mower over the grass by June 11th. The nurserymen begin shipping in November, and the season continues until February. After that time the. weather begins to get hot, and there is risk of the roots drying out unless they are thor- must oughly protected. One be GARDEN MAGAZINE THE Why not have a small home orchard and Jong grass beneath the trees filled with narcissi or other flowers ? careful in the South to protect the roots— extra never leave them exposed. Keep them eround for several days. set out in late fall or winter. 115 covered with wet moss or straw or buriap. As soon as a package is received, it should be un- packed and both tops roots thoroughly wetted. Then heel in and _ water once more. Sometimes delays in transit will hold the stock out of the ground until they are much dried out, and the younger shoots even shriveled. The remedy is to completely bury them, top, root and all, for two or three days. They will plump. out, and may then be handled like other stock. Even here, shipments will at times be caught by the frost, and the presence of any trace of ice in the packing material must be heeded by the planter. To at once set out trees from such a package would mean their certain loss. They must first be thawed out by burying the entire bundle, before un- packing, and leaving in the Nut trees are best and Gathering apples. Any Kind of fruit tree and berry bush can be planted in the fail, but the peach, apricot and plum are risky Hardy Perennials for Fall Planting—By W. C. Egan A CONSERVATIVE STATEMENT BY AN AMATEUR WHO HAS GROWN Highland Park, Illinois EVERYTHING OF IMPORTANCE ON A COLD, HEAVY SOIL IN A TRYING CLIMATE—FALL THE BEST TIME TO PREPARE THE SOIL—MINUTE DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING GOOD FLOWER BORDERS Photographs by Henry Trot, KNOW that great and increasing numbers of hardy perennials are sold by nursery- men every fall, and I believe that they give general satisfaction, provided they are planted in light, well-drained soil, in time to get es- tablished before winter, arn covered with lit- ter before the ground freezes. But, locally, Iam something of a “‘bear,”’ because the soil near Chicago is generally heavy, cold and wet, and the winters are severe. So, while I do not hesitate to move almost any ‘plant i in my own garden during the fall, should a neighbor come to me for advice as to the safest time to plant, I should answer: “Prepare the soil in the fall, but plant in the spring.” ma refers to the planting of a new border with miscellaneous assortment of plants ane from a nursery. ” ““TRON-CLADS AND TREACHEROUS KINDS Some ‘‘iron-clads,’”? as the Rudbeckia Golden Glow and the Rocket (Tes peris mat- ronalis) may be planted almost any time, but my experience is that unless a very fav orable winter succeeds many of the so-called hardy perennials planted in the fall will not be found alive in the spring. Gaillardias, double sunflowers (/Zelianthus multiflora, var. ple- nus) and the cardinal flower are among those most likely to be missed. Bee balm (Monarda didyma) is another that cannot be relied upon. ‘The tall larkspurs (Delphinium 132. Japanese iris, with flowers six to ten inches across. and the banks of sunny streams. not get established in time to bloom next spring except No. 136, by FLoraA Lewis MarBLe, jormosum varieties) stand fall planting, but do not do as well the following summer as when set out in spring. The Oriental poppy, eremurus, Spanish and English iris, belong to a class that lose the foliage in the summer and are then at rest, the poppy reappearing in the fall and remaining green all winter. These and the many bulbous plants, such as the crocus, scilla, chionodoxa and narcissus, should be planted in the fall—and as early as possible. MAKE YOUR BEDS IN THE FALL In the fall the soil is comparativ ely dry and pulverizes in the digging, while in the spring it is wet from the melting snows, and the spade brings it up in compact “hunks, ” jm- possible to pulverize, and which remain thereafter solid brick-like lumps. This pre- vents a complete intermingling of any added manurial matter. WHEN TO ENRICH THE BED Native plants may be satisfied with such soil, but many exotics are to be brought to a new home and require different conditions. Native plants, when brought into well-made beds, surprise one with their thriftiness and increase in size of flowers. Plants in a bed are like prisoners in a besieged fort, and therefore should be well supplied with food. In our soil—as in most virgin soils—there is Unrivaied for the margins of water-lily gardens Irises should be planted in September or early October, or they may 114 and No. 137, by ALBERT MorGan plenty of inert food (unprepared food is per- haps a better description). The mineral ele- ments present require the action of air and frost, and this can only be obtained by a thorough working of the soil and the addition of humus. The top eight or ten inches is generally in fair condition, as the frost and air have penetrated it and the decaying na- tive grasses or fallen leaves have supplied the humus; but for better results, both in having 133. One of the stonecrops or sedums, a group of fleshy-ieaved “‘live-forevers "’ with clusters of white, yellow or pinkish flowers. rarely blue or scarlet. A type of thing which anyone can grow a free run for the roots and for the retention of moisture during dry seasons, the soil should be trenched, or cultivated, eighteen inches or more deep. In England they think nothing of making a bed even four feet deep. ADDING NEW RICH SOIL If one does not mind the expense of bought soil, a good way to proceed is to remove the top soil to the depth of a foot and pile it at one side. The balance, to the depth decided upon—at least six inches—is dug out and carted away. With a pick or spade, !oosen up the soil at the bottom, letting it remain, and cover it with six inches of fresh strawy manure. Then fill in, say, three inches of the top soil and tread it down well. Add manure and soil alternately until the pile is depleted. Then fill in with the new soil. That from a corn or potato field is suitable, especially if from some well-tilled farm where the weeds have been kept down. Make the bed some six inches higher than the surround- ing surface, as it will settle during the winter. THE ART OF ‘‘TRENCHING”’ Where one does not bring in foreign soil, proceed as above with the first foot; then dig out the required depth at one end, about two OCTOBER, 1905 134. The wild bergamot (Monarda fistulose) has varieties ranging from lilac and flesh color through rosy red and crimson to deep purple. The bee balm (M. didyma) is a more brilliant scarlet feet wide, and place on one side. This is to give room for trenching. Locsen the soil at the bottom as before. Then put a layer of fresh manure about a foot wide in the bottom up against the end. Continue digging, shoveling the soil upon the manure, say six inches thick and at an angle of about 45°, with the base toward you and the apex within one foot of the original surface. The decaying manure will not only provide humus but will allow the admittance of the air. Con- tinue with alternating layers. When the end is reached, the bottom soil, previously laid aside, may be used to fill in the open space. Then use well-rotted manure with the top soil, mixing it well and pulverizing the soil as it is thrown in. The bed will seem quite high, but will settle in time. 135. The German irises are better for the peoples’ gardens the.n the Japanese, because they do not need an exceptional amount of water THE GARDEN MAGAZINE If some portions of the soil are more clayey than others, it is advisable to add sand or sifted ashes where it seems most stiff and compact. In fact, sand may be freely added in any bed here. If the bed is large enough to admit it, ridging up the soil for the winter’s frost action is advisable. All of this places the soil in suitable condition for the spring planting. When planting time comes situations for any plant loving a sandy soil, such as Stokes’s aster (Stokesia cyanea) or Asclepias tuberosa, may have more sand added. In wet, soggy land, all flower beds should be tile drained. REVIVING WILTED PLANTS When the plants are received, if the quan- tity is large unpack and ‘‘heel” them in some shady spot, watering them at the root and top, being careful to preserve the labels and not get them mixed. Plant at your leisure, watering when through, and if any plant seems to wilt, shade it with a shingle or place a box or flower pot over it for a few days. If they are dried out and wilted when received, immerse them for an hour or so in lukewarm water. HINTS ON EFFECTIVE PLANTING In the spring place your order early and plan for planting in masses. If the bed is _ small limit the number of varieties, and, if of a size equivalent to 10 by 5 feet or more, plant in groups of four or more of one variety to a group, and do not repeat the same plant in the same bed, or, in fact, in any other bed where both may be seen from the same point of view. This massing of plants instead of dotting them here and there prevents a spotty appearance. A full bed of one specimen is effective. The bee larkspur, phloxes, Co- reopsis, German and Japanese iris look well in individual beds; but the beds must be of fairly large size and have some stretch of lawn leading up to them in order to be imposing. Place your beds at tlie margins of your lawn, or along walks or roadways close to the house. Nearer the house they may be of set and formal outline, but along the lawn mar- gins they should be irregular and undulating with bay and promontory. Do not let the curves be too narrow, as that will interfere with cutting the grass. A simple way to lay out these beds is to use a hose or rope, laying it on the ground and arranging it in the form that pleases vou, and then marking the line by stakes or a spade. The sides bordering the fence or lot line may be straight, but if there is no dividing fence or hedge between you and a lovable neighbor curve the back also and give him the “benefit of a pleasing outline. If you have open spaces of lawn between your beds, this scheme runs his lawn into yours and yours into his, extending the apparent size of each lot. An open, sunny situation is the best, far away from the moisture and food-robbing roots of large trees, and it must be remem- bered that the feeding roots for trees often spread out as far as the branches extend, and in pyramidal forms much farther. 115 136. The best tall-growing, blue-ilowered, hardy perennial is the larKspur. Flowers range from deep blue to white. Can be planted in the fall PERENNIALS FOR SHADED BEDS Columbines, foxgloves and the handsome meadow rue (Thalictrum aquiligtjolium) will do well in shady situations not too much exposed to the drip of overhanging boughs. The same may be said of the hardy primroses. Stake your tall plants. I have just re- turned from a neighbor’s garden—one who has but lately tasted of the delights of a country life. He had never thought of staking. By midsummer his Golden Glow, Delphinimus and other tail plants were mostly lying prostrate or standing at an in- toxicated angle waiting for the next storm to send them to join their companions. He had cared for the plants for the past eleven months in order to enjoy their blooms for the remaining thirty days, but at the moment when results should be realized, a storm laid them low. A little money and time spent in staking them would have enabled them to fulfill his dreams and prevent disappointment. 137. Lilium speciosum, var. rubrum, a universal favor- ite. All lilies should be planted in the fall. By spring the fleshy bulbs have lost much of their strength and the roois are dried up How to Raise Plants by the Hundred—By N. S. Green «., [ you have a favorite flower, and want your friends to become acquainted with it, why not raise a big stock of it? It’s easy enough. There are two methods which apply to nearly all the plants in your border: First, by cutting; second, by division. The latter is easy as a rule, and the wonder is that most people never think of breaking up their specimens. It is done in fall or spring Most perennials, when they become well established in good soil, spread in every direc- gradually tion from the parent plant, and 138. Any side shoot on a flowering head of phlox will make a cutting. Use a sharp Knife remove the two cut off the stem just below 139. To prepare the cutting, lower leaves and buds; the point; pick out the top and trim the leaves ¢ 140. Make a hole in the sand bed; insert the cutting, and water at once form dense clumps of roots, which become so closely crowded that proper further growth is impossible. When much crowded, they make weak growths, with an excess of foliage and but few flower stalks. All that is necessary is to break up the mass, dividing it into as many pieces as there are shoots or promises of top growth, if you want to get the greatest number of young plants. In any case, break up the dense mass. If you are not particularly anxious to get as many plants as possible, the old clumps can be chopped up with a spade, but a better and neater way is to separate the “crowns” by hand. Some plants, like perennial phlox, can be divided at any time, but the two best seasons are early fall, when roots may be made again before winter, or early spring, just as soon as growth starts. It is generally supposed that perennials die down each year and come up again the fol- lowing spring, but this is true in but a few instances. The crowns of most kinds last for only two or three years, then die, and the plants that come up subsequently are off- shoots of the old. Breaking these into single crowns Is called dividing. Dig down beside a clump of plants—dahhia or phlox, for instance —and you will see that the larger roots are. massed and entangled, and so densely packed that there is hardly any earth left among them. In order to keep them well supplied with food they must be given more room. With a sharp spade carefully lift the clumps, endeavoring as much as possible to prevent cutting or bruising the crowns. If there are broken or bruised roots, cut them off, as they are likely to decay and so ruin the entire plant. Let the holes be large enough to set the roots in naturally. When placed, press the soil compactly. In thinning out a clump of plants, remove enough to leave eighteen to twenty-four inches between those remaining, so they wiil have plenty of room to expand. This is the quick- est way of obtaining a number of flowering size plants of most perennials. Columbine, for instance, is so easily cross fertilized that in order to continue any variety division is essential. Divide the daisy after blooming, each crown making a plant. Hollyhocks, too, must be divided after blooming, so as to have one or more buds to each piece. The fleshy, tuber-like roots of dahlias are easily separated, one shoot being allowed to each. This can be done, if preferred, at planting time next spring. The dwarf varieties of phlox are treated a little differently from others. In July shake soil among the clumps of growing plants, and by autumn the trailing branches will be found rooted at the joints. Cut them off, and you have as many plants as there are branches. Perennial phlox, Rudbeckia Gol- den Glow and feverfew should be divided every two years; daisy and spirea at three years, and peonies after four years. Remove the suckers of plume poppies every spring and divide occasionally. 116 The perennial phlox is one of the easiest of all plants to grow from cuttings, too. Take off any one of the small side shoots, flowering or not—it makes no difference—and cut out the top, also reducing the leaves; stick the end in the ground and it will grow. This can be done at any time before frost, in the open garden, but when frost is about due put the cutting in a sand bed, under cover, to keep out the frost. In the springtime a large lot of young plants of the Michaelmas daisy (aster family) can be raised easily by cuttings, and—if it is desired to have late flowers—take cuttings in late spring or early summer. is = ~ N A 141. Toincrease by division—one easy and sure way— dig up the plant when the foilage has ceased growing 142. Separate the crowns by pulling apart. Very large clumps can be chopped to pieces 143. Trim the broken and long roots, to induce fresh growth at once. Plant in good garden soil Hardy Bulbs for Fall Planting—By W. N. Craig HOW OF MARCH TO MAKE A BARE CITY YARD BLAZE WITH LIFE AND APRIL BEFORE THE TREES LEAF OUT AND THE AND COLOR IN WILD FLOWERS COME—THE Massa- chusetts THE DREARY DAYS CHEAPEST WAY TO MAKE A SPRING GARDEN—SIMPLE, EXPLICIT DIRECTIONS FOR BEGINNERS With photographs and suggestions by Luke F. Doocur and others HE Dutch bulbs are generally ready to be distributed by the dealers about Sep- tember 15th, and the early purchaser gets the best selections from the season’s stock. You can plant bulbs any time from the beginning of October to the middle of November. In Maine, the earliest date is best; in Massa- chusetts and Connecticut, from October roth to 15th is sufficiently early, and further South, the best time is correspondingly later. blue flowers in grape-like clusters. (Muscari botryoides) As soon as the bulbs are received, remove them from the paper bags and spread them on shelves or in boxes, in a cool, dry room, until planting time. Don’t put them in a damp cellar or keep them in a warm living room. Do not delay planting any longer than is necessary, for the bulbs lose much of their vitality when kept in boxes or bags. The first work in preparing a bed for bulbs is to spade the earth deeply. When turning the earth, throw it up well into the centre of the bed, at the same time mixing in with it a good dressing of well-rotted manure which has been previously spread on the surface of the bed. This manure must be old, not fresh. Do the turning with a fork, rather than a spade, as the fork breaks up the soil much better. Plunge your fork or spade right down to the full depth and turn up the earth from the very bottom. After spading, rake down the earth from the centre to make the bed level. Don’t leave any appreciable roundness, as that means irregular flowering, because of the different degrees of dryness. In a formal flower bed it is essential that every bulb be placed exactly where it belongs. All distances must be accurately measured. It is easy to make a little contrivance to facili- tate this work. Take a piece of wood, about three feet in length and two inches in width, and drive nails into it at its narrow edge, placing them at six inches, or whatever dis- tance you wish to plant your bulbs. Do not drive the nails home, merely fix them firmly, as they are to be used to score outlines over the surface of the bed. Attach a handle, and you have a ‘‘marker,’”’ which you can draw across the bed in both directions. Place the bulbs at the intersections of the lines. First, place the bulbs that are to go in the centre of the bed, and, when one bulb has been handled, close that package before open- ing another. Nothing is more annoying in the springtime than to see a single spot of scarlet or yellow marring an otherwise per- fect band of white. If you want to make sure that all the bulbs are set at exactly the same depth, use a dibble. You can make one froma broken spade handle by cutting it off five inches from the bottom of the handle and sharpening the point. Or, cut a piece of any convenient stick of about an inch and a quarter diameter, and drive a nail into it at five inches from the end, which will mark the depth to which it is to be plunged. (In the spring, you can set out young lIcttuce or other plants much faster with a dibble than with a trowel). The only objection to it is that it sometimes compresses the soil too much, and it leaves a hollow space under- neath a bulb, which ought to be filled with coarse sand before the bulb is set. Close contact with the soil is essential. The sand ’ provides drainage. Standing water at the base of a bulb makes the roots decay. Speaking broadly, all the Dutch bulbs, 146. Snowdrops often flower in January or February. Get the giant type (Galanthus Elwesii) 145. the bulbs are ripening. 117 The wrong way to plant crocuses in the lawn. will live several years in the grass if the foliage is not mown until it turns yellow, which is a sign that They should be scattered, not put in iines. They If the front lawn must be mown in early May the bulbs will be injured 118 147. One of the cheapest and easiest ways of filling a bit of woods with flowers 1s to plant the Star of Bethlehem. as many as twenty green and white flowers in a flattish cluster. Ay except daffodils, prefer a rather sandy soil. On cold, wet soils a coating of sand should be spaded into the bed. DEPTHS AND DISTANCES Plant hyacinths, tulips and daffodils five to six inches apart. The poet’s narcissus and some others that have comparatively small bulbs, and also the irises, need only to be four inches apart. Snowdrops, crocuses, scillas and other small bulbs may be set two and one-half to three inches apart. Hyacinths, tulips and daffodils of the or- dinary kinds are covered four inches, but the narcissi with the largest bulbs (such as Emperor, Horsfieldii and Sir Watkin) thrive better when planted an inch deeper. Plant Spanish and English iris three inches deep. Crocus, snowdrop, chionodoxa, scilla, win- ter aconite and other small bulbs require two and one-half inches of soil over them. After the ground is firmly frozen in early winter give the bulb bed a winter protection of leaves and straw manure or some other light material, which can be kept from blow- ing away by laying on it a few evergreen THE GARDEN MAGAZINE boughs. This mulch is to prevent successive freezing and thawing, therefore do not place it on the beds before they are frozen. More- over, if you do, field mice may nest there and eat the bulbs. If the bed is kept warm the bulbs make a premature growth, and many tops are broken when uncovering time comes. The protecting material should be removed in springtime, just as soon as the frost is out of the ground. Beds of bulbs in masses, which are left over from year to year, should have a coating of manure each fall. TULIPS Tulips are cheaper than hyacinths, last much Jonger in flower, and have more brilliant colors than any other bulbs. I think the single varieties are far superior to the doubles. A bed planted with one solid color is generally considered more effective than a mixed bed. If you have a circular bed and want a little more striking color effect, halve or quarter it with different varieties, but see that the colors do not clash. For instance, scarlet and pink do not harmonize; nor crimson and yellow. Mixed tulips of all shades sometimes make a It grows in clumps about six inches high, with The bulbs cost about $6 a thousand, or you can find them running wild from an old garden gay and pretty picture, but mixed hyacinths are an abomination. Tulips are very effective in round clumps, near the edge of shrubberies or in sinuous bands of uneven width. If you have a hun- dred bulbs to plant, it is better to make two effective clumps, however, than ten small ones. Tulips are sometimes planted in grass, but they and hyacinths, however, are entirely out of place in such a location, being too stiff and heavy. For naturalizing, the wood tulip and wood hyacinth are appropri- ate (Tulipa sylvestris and Scilla His panica, known to the dealers as Scilla campanulata). The following are a few of the very best varieties of bedding tulips (for colors see the bulb catalogues): Prince of Austria; White, Scarlet and Yellow Pottebakker; Joost van Vondel; Proserpine; Chrysolora; Cottage Maid; Keizerskroon; Ophir d’Or; Duchess of Parma and Wouverman. Yellow Prince, Prince of Austria and Duc de Berlin are deliciously fragrant. A few good doubles are: La Candeur, Murillo, Imperator rub- rorum, Couronne d’Or, Tournesol. If very early blooms are wanted, the dwarf OCTOBER, 1905 Duc van Tholl varieties, of various colors, can be used. They are less striking, how- ever, than the others named. Beside the regular bedding tulips, there is a later flowering section, in some respects superior. They come into bloom at a time when the wealth of commoner spring bulbs is past, some lasting until early June. They have long stems, are admirably adapted for cutting, and the bulbs keep from year to year better than those of the ordinary bedding sorts. These tulips are especially adapted for use in the front of shrubberies, or in clumps, in beds of hardy herbaceous plants. The following varieties can be relied upon to produce some of the most glorious flowers in the whole bulb family: Bouton d’Or, Gesneriana, Spathulata, Bi- zarres, Bybloems, Darwins (in many beau- tiful named kinds), Picotee and Golden Crown. Among what are commonly termed the “species tulips,” Didieri, Retroflexa and Vitellina are splendid. Greigi, with ver- milion orange flowers with black centres and variegated foliage, is rather high priced, but a striking object. There are at least a dozen face. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE other easily procured species that are worth the attention of the connoisseur. DALFFODILS AND OTHER NARCISSI The cultural instructions given by Mr. R. B. Whyte in “‘ The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” can hardly be improved upon, and a condensed account of them is here given. Narcissi do well in any soil except the two extremes of sand and clay, but good drainage is essential. Prepare the ground thoroughly, for the bulbs are to remain un- disturbed for five or six years, until the bulbs get so thick that they crowd up to the sur- Set the bulbs four to six inches apart and cover them four or five inches deep. Set those that increase slowly, like the trum- pet daffodils, four inches apart. Leave six inches between the more vigorous species, such as NV. poeticus and incom parabilis. As soon as the surface of the soil is frozen, cover it four to six inches deep with strawy manure, and in the early spring rake this off before the shoots come up. When the flow- ers come, do not let any go to seed. Cut the stalks, not the leaves, or the bulbs cannot ripen well and the flowers next year will be 119 inferior. If you want the best cut flowers for indoor decoration, cut them as soon as the bud opens. The flower will last much longer than if exposed to the sun after open- ing. You can mail such buds to a friend and they will travel safer, and open perfectly. The varieties every beginner should have (and they are the kinds that the ‘‘old- timers” do not want to live without) are mentioned on pages 125 and 126. The true daffodils, or trumpet kinds, are the most beautiful of all the narcissi, but un- fortunately, in this country they do not have the vigor or adaptibility of the other groups of narcissus. Most of them die out after two or three years, but many of them are so cheap that anyone can afford to replant them. If you own a bit of meadow, wood, the bank of a stream, or even a shrubbery, you can create a floral picture of surpassing loveli- ness by naturalizing the poet’s narcissus. The bulbs cost from $5 to $10 a thousand, and are easily put in after a rain has softened the ground. There is a special tool for planting bulbs in the grass, or you can make one by sharpening a pipe of gaspipe to a cutting edge. Attach a handle to the piece 148. Tulips cannot be relied upon for a second year in formal beds, but after the tirst season they can be put in borders and will thrive indefinitely. See how they brighten up these evergreens before the latter have lost their heavy look 120 ¥ 149. Count of Leicester, a typical “rose” tulip. The colors are white and pink of pipe and you can take out a neat core of sod, which can be replaced afterward. HYACINTHS No very great art is required to grow bed- ding hyacinths. They will succeed in almost any well-drained soil, although, of course, they respond to an enriched soil. Cover the bulbs with four inches of soil. Sand above and below is very beneficial in the case of the hyacinth, as it is more susceptible to frost injury than the other fall-planted bulbs. Double varieties last longer than the single ones, but they have a heavy look and lack the distinctive form of the single type. Put stones or Use 152. First, dig your bulb bed deep. drainage material at the bottom if necessary. only well-decomposed manure THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Bedding hyacinths are usually sold accord- ing to color (unnamed) in the leading shades, which are: white, blush, deep red, pink, dark blue, light blue, yellow. If you want the largest spikes of bloom, plant the blue vari- eties; the whites rank next in size, followed by pinks, reds and, lastly, the yellows, the cpikes of which are much weaker than those of the other colors. To secure absolutely true shades of color it is best to purchase some of the more inex- pensive named sorts, such as Norma and Ger- trude (pink); Robert Steiger (red); Gran- 150. How to have tulips by the armful. Plant them by a grape arbor in rich soil, where they can multiply undisturbed for years. Another way is to plant them under strawberries and lift both every three years. Tulips looK well in mixtures deur a Merveille (blush); Mme. Van de Hoop (pure white); Baron van Thuyll (dark blue); Queen of the Blues; and Leonidas (lght blue); Ida (yellow). Sometimes hyacinths and tulips are planted together in one bed, about half of each, for the purpose of making a succession, as the tulips do not come to flower until the hya- cinths are past their best. I prefer, however, 153. Never use manure of any Kind near the bulbs. Fermenting material destroys the young roots. Make soil light and mellow, then rake the top smooth. OCTOBER, 1965 151. Lac Sans Pareille, a typical ‘“‘bybloem”’ tulip. Red striped with white to plant them separately. The mixed colors are not pleasing, as the various shades of the two classes clash badly. Hyacinths will give the best results when grown in specially pre- pared beds, or in clumps, in mixed flower borders. Use one solid color in a bed, or shades that harmonize. Red, pink, blush and white go well together; but never com- bine blue and red shades. It hardly pays to keep hyacinth bulbs a second year. If they are carried over, much smaller spikes are to be expected. THE EARLIEST FLOWERS OF ALL Snowdrops are the very earliest of spring flowers. I have never seen them grow right 154. If you want a formal flower bed, the lines must be absolutely true. Here is a home-made marker made in a few minutes 155. The marker makes perfectly straight grooves, and each bulb is quickly placed in position up through a snowbank, as some of our cata- logue friends would lead one to think, but it is not uncommon to see them in blossom a few feet away from a vanishing heap of snow. You can count on them for March, and the crocuses for April. ‘The snowdrop will often little 156. MaKe a hole with a dibble. coarse sand for the bulb to rest on Put in a blossom on the north side of a house, or in a narrow passageway between two houses, where other flowers will not grow, but it is earlier and better on the sunny side. The giant snowdrop has much larger flowers than the common kind, without losing the delicate beauty of the little green and white flower so dear to every true garden lover. CUUVVVY aaa 157. The young roots and even the bulb itselt, decay at the base unless there is proper drainage. Sand put in below and above the bulb insures safety THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Crocuses in white, purple and yellow fill the season between snowdrops and narcissus, i. e., early April. A thousand bulbs will make a gorgeous display, and anyone can afford a thousand when they cost only $3 or $4. They make a charming effect when scat- tered in the lawn. You can avoid making a scar in the lawn by using a flat iron dibber. The bulbs will not last as long in the lawn as in a bed by themselves, but they should re- main for three or four years, if you are willing to do a little dodging with the lawn mower in May. When the crocus leaves turn yellow, it is safe to run the mower over them. THE LOVELY ENGLISH AND SPANISH IRISES When planting bulbs in the fall do not neglect the Spanish and English irises. The former (J. Xiphium) will often start into growth during the fall they are planted and will endure all the winter, being but rarely injured by the cold. They thrive best in spots that are slightly moist, increase rapidly, and should be taken up and replanted every two or three years. The English irises (J. xtphioides) succeed the Spanish irises, flowering in June and July, and are adapted to drier situations. Their foliage will not appear until next spring. The English irises have larger flow- ers than the Spanish, but are confined to white and purple colors. Excellent yellows are found among the Spanish. Both must be planted in the fall, as they start growth very early in the spring. After planting, give a light covering with leaves and they will stand 30° below zero. SOME CHARMING BLUE FLOWERS Among the other bulbs that are worth planting at this time are the glory of the snow (Chionodoxa Lucilie), an early flower which comes before the blue squill (Scilla Sibirica). Both are desirable for planting for early bloom, in beds devoted to the larger and later-blooming bulbs, and are excellent, too, for wild planting, but should not be attempted in grass, as they are too small. Both of these bulbs give much better results in the second and third year after planting. The taller squills (S. nutans and S. His panica) will give good results in grass land, in the same situation as the daffodils, i. e., par- tially shaded. The grape hyacinth (Muscari botryotdes), of which there are both blue and white vari- eties, is a charming little thing for the imme- _ diate foreground of the flower border or scat- tered wild in thin, weak-growing grass. WHITE AND YELLOW FLOWERS The Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum Arabicum) and (Allium Neapolitanum) are useful for planting in masses where white flowers are wanted in the garden or in the border, and both prefer partial shade. For early yellow flowers plant the winter aconite (Evanthis hyemalis), perhaps the ear- liest of all the bulbs to flower, coming into bloom long before the winter is past. The old-fashioned crown imperial (Fri- tillaria imperialis), known to everybody but somehow not much planted (possibly because 121 158. The dibble, a wonderfui time-saver. You can make holes and set plants with it much faster than with a trowel, but it ““pacKs"’ too moist soils of the disagreeable odor of the flowers), should also be set out in the fall. Do it as early as possible. Plant the bulbs as soon as you can get them. Growing from two to three feet high, this is a very effective plant for shrubberies, and its dark, orange-colored es j 159. Making a dibble from the handle of a broken old tool flowers surmounted by a crown of green foliage give it a unique appearance. And don’t forget lilies—the most impor- tant of summer-blooming bulbs. Lilies must be planted in the fall. The spring isn’t safe. Get a catalogue that offers a big list of lilies, if you want the best advice. 160. Another home-made dibble. It lacks a handle, and will be harder on the hands if you have much to do Original Designs for Bulb Beds—By Jens Jensen Chicago, Illinois WITH DIAGRAMS SHOWING JUST WHERE TO PLANT EVERY BULB, THE VARIETIES, COLOR, COST AND HOW TO FOLLOW THE BULBS WITH SUMMER AND AUTUMN FLOWERS Planting diagrams by the author; photographs by HENRY TRoTH | Fae beds serve two distinct purposes in relation to the home, and must be planned for accordingly. First, as a part of the general landscape; and second, as indi- vidual ornaments to be looked into at close range, not unlike the rug on the parlor floor. WHERE TO PUT THE BEDS In the one case, herbaceous or annual flowering plants are arranged in a naturalistic way, together with groups of trees and shrubs; in the second, they are planted in more or less formal designs. This type of bed is useful for filling out corners at the turn of a walk or drive, for bordering a straight path, or imme- diately adjoining the house. Where condi- 161. A circular bed of two colors composed of 117 white Alliance and 126 Belle tulips; also 135 pansy plants which should bloom all of May and June tions are favorable, such beds may fill up and relieve an uninteresting space between a straight drive and a parallel path; or in a half circle directly in front of the forte- cochere, they add color to the architectural design. But it is a sad mistake to put a flower bed in the middle of a lawn. It inter- rupts the green and makes a place look smaller than it really is. As to soil mixtures, the professionals differ among themselves, but it is very much like splitting hairs. For all general purposes, the amateur will find a medium black loam is 162. A circular tulip bed with a gay stripe of another color—just for a change. Bold, simple, dash- ing colors. The right sort of spring tonic satisfactory to any kind of plant commonly used for bedding purposes. By a medium black loam is meant a black soil that will crumble away between the fingers when pressed together. The soil should be in a moderately damp condition when so tested. BUY SOME GOOD RICH DIRT As a general rule the good soil should never be less than twelve inches deep, and eighteen inches is nearer to the right figure. Increase this amount where the subsoil con- sists of sand or gravel. It always pays to have plenty of good soil because the invest- ment in plants remains the same whether in good or poor soil, but the results are as different as night and day. The price of good garden soil differs a great deal, and can perhaps best be judged by the distance it has to be transported. In our larger cities—here in the West—or their suburbs, the price for garden soil delivered in large quantities is seldom less than $1 per cubic yard, and for smaller amounts from $1.25 to $1.50. Dig over the beds to the full depth of the spade just previous to the planting, all roots and stones being carefully picked out, and the bed immediately raked smooth with an iron garden rake. A good tool for digging is the spading fork, and especially where the ground is more or less heavy. Periodically—every three or four years—the beds should be sub- soiled in the fall and left alone until the next spring. By subsoiling, I mean to dig the ground two spades or more deep, throwing the top soil in the bottom and the bottom soil or last spading on top. The plant food so gained will amply pay for the extra labor. BULBS YEARLY IN THE SAME BED Even with the best kind of soil at disposal, a continued harvest of any kind will impov- erish the land to such an extent that artificial fertilizing is necessary. Decayed stable ma- nure or commercial fertilizers must be added to the flower bed every year. A good way is to use the stable product every third year and a quick-acting fertilizer the two intermediate years. The stable manure should be spaded into the ground, and must always be well rotted. The fertilizer should be raked in. THE MOST FAVORABLE PLANTING DATE In this latitude (Chicago) October 2zoth to November tst is about right for bulb planting, perhaps a few days earlier for narcissus. These directions do not include all of the lilies, some of which have to be planted a great deal earlier—but lilies are not classed as spring bloomers. Information concerning them should be obtained from nurserymen or dealers who catalogue a long list of lilies. Tulips, on account of their superior hardi- ness and showy colors, are used more than 122 any other bulbous plants in geometrical beds. To obtain the best effect they should be planted from five to six inches apart and three to four inches deep. Hyacinths and some of the larger narcissi demand a little more space, eight or nine inches being about the proper distance. It is very important ee is 163. The great strength that comes from planting only one variety in a bed. It is a mistaKe to mix all sorts of hyacinths in the same bed that tulips and hyacinths be set to an even depth; and be sure to get the top of the bulb toward the surface. Other fall-planted bulbs, such as scilla, chionodoxa, snowdrop, crocus and kindred small bulbs, where they are to be planted in masses and for the pur- pose of saving time, may be planted in drills made two inches deep. The bulbs are set two to three inches apart and the drills cov- ered up with the back of an iron rake. WINTER PROTECTION AND SPRING GROWTH Most bulbs that are planted in the fall in this latitude need winter protection by straw litter, leaves or evergreen boughs. ‘This should not be spread over the beds before the ground is frozen solid, and in an open winter leave it off entirely. If left on the beds too long in spring the plants will start to grow into the covering and make its removal diffi- 164. A long, narrow strip between a path and driveway or near the house can be made a blaze of color by filling it with tulips this fall 1905 OCTOBER, 165. The complicated sort of design which one sees in the parks in big cities, and which is totally unfit for home grounds even when on aa large scale. Contrast with the simple dignity and strength of 167 cult without injuring the plants. Watch the growth of the plants and gradually remove some of the cover so as to check the growth. There is much difference in the time of start- ing, according to the exposure, whether shaded from the sun or not. Variations are even seen in the two sides of a bed of convex form. ‘Therefore make bulb beds as nearly level as possible. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE If the fall is dry all the bulbs planted should receive a thorough watering. As a rule, it is impossible to leave bulbs in the beds after they have bloomed and until properly ripe, but some can be saved by taking up all the beds as soon as the bed is wanted for summer bedding and planting them in rows close together in a shaded hotbed or any other partially shaded place in light soil. They will ripen there, and some time in July or as soon as there is time may be cleaned, sorted, and put in trays on a shelf until the next fall-planting season. Only the larger bulbs should be planted again, purchasing others as may be necessary to fill the beds. The smaller bulbs may be planted in the mixed border. THE SPRING BEDDING TIME When to plant in the spring depends en- tirely on climate. In northern Illinois it is not safe to put out greenhouse stuff before May 2oth, and such tender things as coleus and cannas not before the rst of June. Pan- sies and daisies can usually be set out after April 5th, and in an early spring even sooner. Verbena, ten-week-stock and other half- hardy kinds may be safely planted the first 166. Hopelessly inartistic, but it gives ihe people what they want—a big, solid mass of radiant color. Tolerable in small parks in big cities, but not at home. Too many Kinds, colors and seasons week of May as a rule, earlier or later accord- ing to the season. Allow six inches space for all the ordinary small plants such as pansies and daisies, and twelve inches for geraniums and other plants of equal size. Verbenas can safely be planted sixteen inches apart and salvia eight- een inches to two feet. Cannas should have a distance of two feet or more. 167. Formal bedding at its best on an estate near Philadelphia, showing beds of simple but original design and the strength and purity that comes from having only one color in a bed. How different from the intricate beds of the parks with their bewildering color mixtures THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 168. On a terrace where the beds are viewed from all sides, make them square, solid masses of bright color, edged by white. The narrow beds which mark the cross paths can be of different color. To fill these 2320 square feet with flowers all the season would cost $275. Other schemes cheaper aa al > WALK. 169. For bordering both sides of a walk or drive: way, use long narrow beds relieved by smaller ones. Tulips, begonias, yuccas, pansies, and nierembergia 170. Beds for a small front yard are best long and narrow. Filled three times for $15, using six different Kinds of plants 171. but using only two varieties at each season. cinths, alyssum and ageratum A more pretentious effect for small gardens, Hya- \P 6 © uo 0 os SU Oo 0200 “Og © on“ 0 P59, 09, 00.019 0 a1) 009300322010 o ooo Ziel = Oo 022009092 0957833022 00,0 9° 20 C9010 55 Pla. 00! oO 2° 999295996 oo) 0§ 56208222} 0 282082500! %G 39 9590 oo! 029900 225, 0 woo iG o° ° An Tulips re- 172. The sort of thing for a public square. edge of grass and a permanent border. placed by cannas in the centre What to Plant for Succession, and the Cost 168. Square beds 20x20 ft.; rectangular beds 4 x 20 ft. Fall: 1. Tulip Proserpine (scarlet); 2. Tulip Pottebak- ker White ; 3. Tulip Cottage Maid (pink); cost $110. Spring: 1. Geranium Mary Hill; 2. Double sweet alyssum; 3. Nuierembergia frutescens; cost $165. 169. Large beds 10x24 ft.; small beds 24 ft. square. Fall: 1. Tulip Chrysolora (yellow); 2. Tulip Duc van Thol (white); cost $2. Spring: 1 and 2. Begonta Erfordi1; 3. Yucca gloriosa; cost $10. 4. Yellow pansies, cost $4. Summer: 4. Tall cup flower (Nierembergia frutescens), cost $4.80. 170. Large bed 10x24 ft; small beds 3x2} ft. Fall: 1. Hyacinth Rubra Maxima (red); 2. Hyacinth Alba Superbissima (white); cost $4.50. Spring: 1. White ten-weeks’ stock; stock; cost $5.25. 3. Blue pansies. Summer: 1. Dusty miller (Centaurea Cineraria); 2. Ce- losia President Thiers; 3. Ageratum Stella Gurney; cost $5.25. 2. Red ten-weeks’ 171. Dimensions 20 x 6 ft. Fall: 1 and 3. Hyacinth Alba Superbissima (white); 2. Hyacinth Charles Dickens (pale blue); cost $20.25. Spring: 1. Variegated alyssum; 2 and 3. Ageratum Stella Gurney; cost $9.50. 172. Diameter of circle 25 ft.; of flower bed 19 ft. Fall: Tulip Artus (scarlet), Ribbon grass (Phalaris arundinacea, var. variegata), for border; cost $7.50. Spring: Canna Leonard Vaughan; cost $3.50; Phalaris to remain. 173. Hollow section of a 1o-ft. square. Fall: Hyacinth Robert Steiger (dark red); cost $5.75. Spring: Verbena Beauty of Oxford; cost $6. 174. One-quarter of a circle, 10-ft. radius. Fail: Tulip Proserpine (scarlet); cost $5. Spring: Geranium Mary Hill; cost $8. 175. Semicircle, 74-ft. radius. Fall: Tulip Vermilion Brilliant; cost $5.75. Spring: Canna Egandale; red Chilean beets, for border; cost $4.50. 176. Oval of 15 x 10 ft. Fall: Tulip Rembrandt (scarlet); Tulip Pottebakker White, for border; cost $6. Spring: Canna Chicago; Pennisetum villosum, (P. longistylum of gardeners), for border; cost $7. : 177. Narrow border bed 15 x 25 ft. Fall: Blue and white crocuses; cost $2. Spring: Blue and white pansies; cost $6. Summer: Browallia grandiflora; cost $6. 177. For the amateur who wants plenty of variety. Three changes in the year. Begin with crocuses; follow with pansies and browallias OCTOBER, 1905 173. This sort of angle planting decreases the apparent distance. Suitable for very small gardens. Hyacinths and verbenas would cost $11.75 \V sy ° ne > MA oooC eC TO FET OOH So © L 600000000000000000 e 2° 2000°0°000000000000] ™ ©90000000000000000 ack oS °o202000000000000000 ODO OO OOO O OO © =; OUGODOD OO GD OO0000 6 6 © HS = © © 8000000000009000 = 2296000000000 00000 ©0200000000009000] * © © © 0 09 0 '9 0 09 6 © © 0 O C CO} ‘ 0008200000070 00000 ha ce © °O00000 90909000 9 0 0000900000000 = “WGOGEQD R250 DGO00 a 990000000000 ae 22000000000 2 202900000 ~. 9000000 on G oo 00 there is Geraniums are put in after the tulip bulbs are removed 174. For angles and corners where plenty of space use the quarter circle. 175. The half-circie is often most effective at the It gives support to the structure. base of a portico. Use bold foliage plants after the bulbs 9 2202009205 g OOS 02220 2F0g4 02002009, ° 00082090020 g 0000005 80 oo 0 2 ©000000°% oo oo ° OOOO ORO is weak if the Cannas bed on a lawn central mass of color is much broken up. and pennisetum after tulip bulbs are removed 176. An oval Daffodils Everyone Should Know—By Thomas McAdam '%, THE SIX SPECIES OF NARCISSUS THAT HAVE ALWAYS FASCINATED SPRING COME TWO WEEKS EARLIER—A BULB THAT GROWS IN A BOWL OF WATER AND BLOSSOMS IN iit is a significant fact that the daffodil and narcissus seem to have forged ahead of the hyacinth in popularity, and now rank second only to the tulip among spring bulbs. It is easy to see why the tulip should be the favorite, because it has the largest flowers, the greatest range of colors and the most vivid hues. The hyacinth also has a wide range of colors and huge spikes of flowers. But the daffodil and narcissus are at the other ex- treme from these big, showy things; their beauty is of the diminutive, slender, delicate type. (Peter Barr says that some narcissi seem “fainting away, evaporating into air, as you look at them”; and that this ‘“‘die-away languor is in consonance with the myth.) They have only two colors—white and yel- low. Their variation in form can be com- prehended in a moment. Yet there are hundreds of named varieties, and some of them, when new, have sold for $125 a bulb! Moreover, it was Mohammed who said: “If I had but two loaves of bread in the world, I should sell one of them and buy narcissi to feed my soul? * I think I know why this pale, modest flower goes straight to the hearts of men. It is a flower of the spirit, and you cannot resist the appeal of a brave spirit in a fragile form. Humanity’s admiration of its hardihood in coming before the winter really leaves is ex- pressed in these thrilling picture-words of Shakespeare: *Can anyone give me the original form of this quotation?— T. McA. AY ALOT LY ES 178. Daiiodiis naturalized in tne tall grass, where they will multiply without care indefinitely. “Daffodils That come before the swallow dares, and take The winds of March with beauty.” All daffodils belong to the genus Narcissus. A daffodil is a flower that has a trumpet, like Fig. 182, and the typical variety is the yellow one that grows wild in England. The typical narcissus is the poet’s narcissus (Fig. 180), a white flower with a small, saucer-shaped “crown” instead of a long trumpet. The distinguishing feature of the genus Narcissus is the presence of this crown, and the differ- ent species fall into three groups, according as the crown is shaped like a saucer, a cup or a trumpet. There are six species that everyone ought to know, and the following ‘‘key”’ shows at a glance how each one differs from every other. A. Crown small, saucer shaped. B. Leaves flat. C. Flowers 1 or 2 0n a stalk. Porr’s Narcissus CC. Flowers 4-12 ona stalk. Poryantuus Narcissus BB. Leaves cylindrical, rush-like. Jonquirt AA. Crown medium sized, cup shaped. Peertess Narcissus AAA. Crown large, trumpet shaped. B. Leaves flat. BB. Leaves cylindrical, rush-like. DaFFopDIL Hoop Perricoar THE TRUE NARCISSUS The flower which the Greeks named nar- cissus is supposed to be the one which the botanists call Narcissus poeticus. The old English name for the poet’s narcissus is Pheasant’s Eye, referring to the saucer of the flower, which is margined with orange-red. This species grows a foot and a half high In June the leaves of the daffodiis are decaying while the bulbs are ripening, and the hay can be cut without damaging next year’s crcp of fiowers. This enthusiast is said to have planted 250,000 daffcdils 125 MANKIND—A FLOWER THAT WILL MAKE FORTY DAYS and usually bears only one flower on a stalk, but the variety bzflorus and some others often have twin flowers. Three or four varieties of this species will maintain a constant suc- cession from March until the end of May. The Pheasant’s Eye, which is the cheapest, most productive and most fragrant, is also the latest, blooming the latter half of May. For the first half of May the variety ornatus is best. Though not so fragrant as the Pheas- IIT, Leet tO y /, he J f 4 | f 7 f—— ic rege 179. Every narrow little sirip aiong a nome pain can be made radiant in spring by planting bulbs in the fall. Hyacinths and big, rich, yellow, double Van Sion daffodils ant’s Eye, it has a larger, more symmetrical flower, with an orange saucer. For March and April bloom, the star narcissi (Narcissus Burbidgei) are especially adapted. As long ago as 1884 there were fifty varieties of the Bur- bidge type, and all of them have a crown which ismidway in length between a saucerand a cup. The poet’s narcissus is a flower with a mis- sion. It was divinely appointed to fill the gap between winter and spring, before the trees show signs of life and while the land- scape is bare and dead. It is the dreariest moment of the year, and if it were not for the gay little crocuses it would be intolerable. But the narcissus is the only flower that is strong enough to vanquish winter and en- throne the spring. We have it in our power to make spring come two weeks earlier, by planting narcissi by the thousand. It is per- fectly practicable. The bulbs cost from $5 to $7 a thousand, and if rightly placed they will multiply indefinitely without care, though it is better to dig them up every five or six years, or whenever they show signs of too great competition. There are five kinds of places where nar- cissi may be naturalized by the thousand— orchards, woods, shrubberies, meadows, and the banks of streams, lakes or ponds. In such places, the grass need not be cut until June, if at all, and by that time the leaves of the narcissus have decayed, showing that the bulbs are ripening. If the grass is cut before, the bulbs will be weakened. The cheapest 126 180. The saucer-shaped type, the poet’s narcis- sus, the favorite for naturalizing. White, saucer saffron: colored, red-edged. Bulbs cost $5 to $10 a thousand and best variety for naturalizing is the Pheas- ant’s Eye. Indeed it is the most important plant for wild gardening now generally available. Some of the most splendid floral pictures that have been painted in America in the last ten years have been made by plant- ing these bulbs by the thousand. I expect to see the day when people will make pilgri- mages to New England to see the March and April flower shows. Her gaunt old hillsides will be suddenly transfigured by the appari- tion of countless fragrant white flowers— miles and miles of them—like the stars of the Milky Way for multitude! The other flat-leaved narcissus with a saucer-shaped crown is the polyanthus nar- cissus (NV. Tazetta), but instead of having a single flower on a stalk it has four to twelve, z. [a3 - 182. The trumpet type. This is what most people mean by “ daffodil,’ and by narcissus, a flower with a saucer-shaped crown, like that in Fig. 179 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE whence it is often called the bunch-flowered narcissus. It has no hardy form of impor- tance, its main interest being in two varieties that are universal favorites for window gar- dens. The Paper White narcissus is doubt- less the most popular bulb that is forced for Christmas flowers. And the Chinese sacred lily (N. Tazetta, var. orientalis) will make a growth of twenty inches in forty days and flower in four to six weeks, after being planted in a shallow bowl of water. THE JONQUIL AND PEERLESS NARCISSUS Unlike the other saucer-crowned narcissi, the jonquil (NV. Jonquilla), has rush-like or cylindrical leaves—not flat ones. It bears four to six yellow flowers. The single form is the best for outdoor planting. Of the cup-shaped or medium-crowned nar- cissi (Fig. 181), the ‘‘peerlessnarcissus” (V.7n- comparabilis) is the most important type, in spite of its lack of fragrance. It has an incred- ible number of varieties, and they bloom from March to May. Sir Watkin, a large golden flower with a darker crown, is the favorite. THE TRUE DAFFODILS The daffodil (NV. Pseudo-narcissus) is a flat-leaved plant with a_ trumpet-shaped flower, like Fig. 182. By common consent the single, yellow daffodil is the most beauti- ful member of the genus. This is the flower Wordsworth referred to when he wrote: “Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.” But alas! such pictures are not often to be duplicated in America. The cool, moist summers of England are just right for daffo- dils, but we cannot yet recommend them for naturalizing in this country. Like all the other important types, the varieties of daffodil can be thrown into three groups, whites, yellows and “‘bicolors,” the last having a golden trumpet, with white or primrose-colored petals. The whites are not quite hardy, but some of them are cheap enough to try. Of the yellows, Emperor is probably the best hardy variety. Of the bi- colors, the favorite white-petaled varieties are Empress and Horsfieldii; white Princeps is the best with primrose-colored petals. Double daffodils grow wild in great num- bers near Florence, where the single form is rare (the case is just reversed in England). The common variety of old-fashioned gardens is the Van Sion, which is also the best for forcing and for the window garden. It is not quite hardy in Canada, and from Virginia south the flowers are likely to turn green after a year or so in the garden. Many flowers are ruined by doubling, but the Van Sion daffo- dil is a complete success. It is the strongest member of the genus in every way. Its luxuriant foliage, sturdy stems and big, full flowers (of a rich, strong, hearty, golden color) light up a room in the dark days of March like nothing else that grows. The shape of the hoop-petticoat daffodil (N. Bulbocodium) may be imagined from the name. It also differs from the common daffodil in having rush-like leaves. It has plenty of varieties, but nobody in this coun- try seems to be much excited about them. I OCTOBER, 1905 181. Stella, a new variety of the incomparabilis section, with long white petals The cup-shaped type. and primrose cup. True type at the left suspect that we do not consider their trumpets as graceful as those of the common daffodil. AN INTERESTING NOVELTY Every year a man should try some new kinds of narcissus. This fall I shall put what money I can spare into bulbs of Poetaz Elvira, said to be the product of a cross be- tween the poet’s and the polyanthus narcis- sus or Chinese sacred lily. They claim to have secured the hardiness and large-sized, red-rimmed flower of the poet’s narcissus, while the other parent contributes a cluster of three or four flowers and a colored saucer. Also the odor is not so strong as in the Chinese sacred lily. It sounds too good to be true. For the culture of daffodils and narcissi see page I19. 183. Van Sion, the only big double daffodil that will force; the others ‘‘come green.’’ Sturdy stems, lush foliage and rich golden flowers AWOH S.LNADUVS “SO 185. plant them unless crowded for room The Home Storage of Fruits—By S. W. Fletcher Dwarf trees usually bear higher quality fruit than standard trees, are easier to spray and pick from, but need so much attention that it is not best to 186. The fruit cannot be reached, even on tip-toe. is apt to regret having headed trees very high. These trees might with advan- At harvesting time one tage have been headed three feet lower Mich. Agric. College PICKING AND HANDLING, A SUBJECT WHICH EVERYONE WHO GROWS FRUIT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT —HOW TO INSURE PLENTY OF FRESH, SOUND FRUIT AND PRESERVE IT ALL WINTER AND SPRING Photographs by the author and from the Horticultural Department of Cornell University Ni people lose a large part of the product of the home orchard because they do not pick and store the fruit properly. Only last winter I saw a man throwing apples into his cellar with a coal shovel. He had All. 187. To test ripening of pears, grasp the fruit like this and bend up. If the stem snaps off easily and smoothly where it joins the spur, the fruit may be picked even though not at all soft shaken off all that could not be picked easily from the ground, dumped them into a spring- less farm wagon and jolted them across a rocky pasture to the house cellar, there to be shoveled out like so many potatoes. I asked the man if he did not think it would pay him to give his fruit a little better care. ‘‘ What’s the use?” he replied. “‘My fruit does not keep well any way. It’s all gone by Christ- mas. I lay it to the poor soil on which it is grown.” I did not tell him what I laid it to. Most people have more respect for the ten- derness of fruit; but there is still a woeful lack of appreciation of the extreme suscep- tibility of fruit to injury from careless hand- ling. Commercial growers, as a rule, are more careful with their fruit than amateurs, because the returns from a single shipment of bruised fruit are a convincing argument against carelessness. It is a shame for a man to raise good fruit only to lose, because of improper handling, a part of what it might be worth to him. TIME OF PICKING AFFECTS QUALITY The time of picking makes a great differ- ence in the quality and the keeping of fruits. The various kinds, and sometimes different varieties of the same kind, require different treatment in this respect. Experience is the best guide, because the ripening changes of fruit vary with soil, climate, variety, season and a dozen other factors. In general, the greener the fruit when picked the longer it will keep, and also the poorer it will be in quality. All our com- mon orchard fruits, with the exception of most varieties of pears, reach their highest quality only when they are allowed to ripen in the natural way—on the trees. The sooner they are picked before this time the more likely they are to be sour, astringent, dry, stringy, mealy, insipid, and everything else that is inexcusable in a dessert fruit. The home fruit grower can let his fruit ripen on the trees, and secure all the high colors, flavors and aromas that develop during the final stages of ripening. He gets infinitely more satisfaction from his fruit than those who are forced to buy in the general market fruit that was taken from the tree while yet more or less immature, and before the ex- quisite flavor of a fresh, tree-ripened fruit have developed. ‘The peaches, pears, plums and apricots that come to Eastern markets from the Pacific coast are often picked two weeks before they would be mature if allowed to remain on the trees. No wonder they are 128 not always of as high quality when they reach us as our own tree-ripened fruit. Usually the home orchardist.will let his fruit ripen on the trees, except, of course, winter varieties of apples and pears. In some cases early pick- ing may be advantageous, especially for the purpose of prolonging the season of a certain variety or saving it from biped or insect enemies, even though it may be at the ex- pense of quality. THE CRITICAL TIME TO GATHER A pples—Some summer and fall varieties of apples ripen-well on the trees, but most of them should be picked when they are well colored and have reached full size, but are not yet soft; i. e., they may be mature but not ripe. Summer apples especially are likely to water-core or rot if not picked before fully ripe. In the neighborhood of Boston, growers of Williams, a summer variety unex- 188. A peach may be picked when it feels springy or at all soft. The best quality fruits, however, are those that fully mature on the tree OcTOBER, 1905 189. Pick plums by their stems so as not to rub off the waxy bloom, which Keeps the juice from escap- ing. Leave the stems on; the fruit will Keep better celled for home use, spread a straw mulch beneath the tree and allow the apples to ripen on the trees and drop upon it. The time of picking winter apples varies considerably. If it is desired to keep them very late, they may be picked a little green, but usually it is best not to harvest them until mature—well colored, of full size, and usually with brown seeds, although the color of the seeds is not always a reliable guide to maturity. Some winter varieties, such as Spy, are often allowed to hang upon the trees for a few weeks after the first frost. From the home orchardist’s point of view—that of good eat- ing—the chief desideratum is complete ma- turity, which brings quality; and the signs of maturity are readily distinguished by an observing man. Pears.—Most varieties of pears should be picked when mature, but not ripe, and ripened in a cool, dark place. This applies with especial force to the early sorts, as Summer Doyenne, which are likely to be dry and stringy if tree ripened: and most of all to Fre

/ WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE CO NEW YORK 140 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 Plant Roses Now Make sure of lots of beautiful blos- soms next Spring by planting our large, hardy, field-grown roses in the open ground this Fall. That gives roses a good start and makes luxuriant early bloomers. fine, strong, vigorous plants of the very choicest roses best adapted for Fall planting. $3.00 A Dozen Your choice of 20 varieties. Among them are: General Jacqueminot. Rich crimson. Magna Charta. Bright rosy pink. New Century. Exquisite pink. Ulrich Brunner. Rich crimson-scarlet. Margaret Dickson. Pure white. Prince Camille de Rohan. Deepest crimson. Write to-day for complete list and description of roses. We’ll also send our Art Booklet about Roses if you mention THE GARDEN MaGaAZInNeE. Sy — 3 TheConard&JonesCo. Growers of the Best Roses in America Box P, West Grove, Pa. The Warmest Sheathing Wind and frost proof. Not a mere felt or paper, but a thick matting that retains the heat like a bird’s plumage. Six times as warm as the best building papers, but costs less than one cent a foot. Keeps warm rooms warm, or cool rooms cool, and is decay and vermin proof. Send for a sample of Cabot’s Sheathing “ Quilt”’ Samuel Cabot, Sole Manfr. 1 Oliver Street, - Boston, Mass. SHEATHING me QUILT Conservo Wood Preservative, for preserving underground woodwork. Hardy Bulbs, Plants and Shrubs An immense importation of large-sized healthy Tulip, Hyacinth, Narcissus, Crocus and other hardy bulbs. SPECIAL OFFER Livingston’s Selected Mixed Tulips. Doz., 20 cents; 100, $1.25 ; 500, $5.50; 1,000, $10.00. Delivered any- where. POTTING BULB COLLECTION 3 Hyacinths, 5 Freesias, 2 Allium, 1 Calla, 5 Oxalis, 4 Narcissi—20 fine bulbs for pots— only 50 cents postpaid. HARDY PLANT COLLECTION Our own growing, one strong plant each, Paeony, Phlox, Pink, Bleeding Heart, Gail- Jardia, Larkspur, Coreopsis. and Shasta Daisy. Eight in all for 75 cents. We offer other fine collections ; devote eight pages of our fall catalogue to bulbs, six pages to house plants, five pages to hardy plants. Catalogue sent free on request. The fall planting of all hardy things is becoming very popular. See articles on this subject in this magazine. LIVINGSTON SEED CoO., Box 403, COLUMBUS, OHIO The Gorden Magazine, Also maker of Cabot’s Shingle Stains, for staining and preserving exterior woodwork. A Use for “Windfall” ‘paw INDFALL” pears are not generally of much account, but we can testify that there is one good use for them: they can _ be baked, either for immediate use or to can | for winter. Pears with a decided flavor are better than the tasteless ones for this | | purpose. Here is the rule: Fill a deep pudding | dish with pears, cored, pared and quartered. | For two quarts add one cup of sugar and one cup of water. Bake, closely covered, in a | very moderate oven several hours, or until dark red. Hard pears, or “windfalls,” are delicious pared and baked as in the preced- ing receipt. When done, and still hot, they may be sealed in glass jars, and will keep indefinitely. By preparing one large | dishful every day during the pear season a supply of wholesome sauce may be easily obtained from fruit that is often left to waste on the ground. RIPENING PEARS The exact time to pick and “smother” pears varies with the neighborhood. In the vicinity of New York Clapps is ready about the middle of August and our Bartlett pears the end of the month—before they soften, but after they reach full size. Pick them very carefully by hand, and wrap each one in newspaper as it is taken from the tree. Stored thus in baskets in the house they will ripen in a few days. They are kept from light and air as much as possible and looked over and rewrapped every two days until | they soften, when they will need handling | every day, or they will rot faster than they can be eaten, as they spoil very easily. Our two young trees give us about five bushels, and it is quite a task to keep them sorted, but they are too good to lose for the lack of a little care. One year we stored them in the cellar, but lost nearly all of them; a moist place does not suit them. Sifted coal ashes is recommended as a covering during ripening. Though it may be quicker to handle them in ashes than to wrap them in newspapers, it is not so cleanly. We have always picked all the pears of a kind on the same day. The disadvantage of this plan is that they ripen all at once with a rush. This year we shall try picking each tree in instalments, a few days apart. First all the largest and fairest, then the me- dium ones, ieaving the smaller ones still longer, in the hope tkat they will ripen gradually. M. IDALL. New York. OCTOBER, 1905 Grape Vines N° garden is complete without a sufficient number of grape vines to supply an abundance of this delicious fruit. For nearly 40 years we have been furnishing high-grade vines for this purpose. We will send ten large vines of the best table varieties, including three red, three white and four black, for $1.00, delivered free. Send for our elegant Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue and Price-list. It will tell you how to plant, cultivate and train them. T. S. HUBBARD CO. Grape Vine Specialists Freponia, N. Y. Ellen Glasgow’s Books The Deliverance. $1.50. The Voice of the People. The Battleground. $1.50. The Freeman and Other Poems. Postage, 5 cents. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY $1.50. Net, $1.50. Pnotograph taken at Paterson, N. F$., Fure, 1905 Royal Peonies EEONIES OF QUALITY (SEE SPECIAL OFFER IN SEPT. ISSUE) ‘Ido not offer the largest collection in America—not several theovae ed varieties—but 50 of the cream of those now im cultivation. Strong 2-year outdoor-grown Roses, “ The World's Best.” Hedge Plants that ornament and last. All of above honestly described in “A Little Book About Roses” MAILED ON APPLICATION TO G. H. PETERSON, Rose and Peony Specialist 47 ELEVENTH AVENUE, PATERSON, N. J. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE | Our 20 Years | of Film EXPERIENCE If there is any one line of business in which experience is more important than in any other, that line is the manufacture of highly sensitive photographic goods. And of all photographic processes, film making is the most difficult. It has taken us more than twenty years to learn what we know about making film. And in that twenty years we have also learned how to make the per- fect raw materials which are absolutely essential to the manufacture of film—materials which cannot be obtained in the market with a certainty that they will be what they should be. We nitrate our own cotton for the film base; we nitrate our own silver forthe emulsion. We go further, we even make the acid with which the cotton and silver are nitrated. Wherever it is possible to improve the completed product by manufac- : turing the raw material, we erect a factory and make that raw material. 1 Five years ago we felt that we were approaching film perfection, but no concern, even if it could make film as good as that was, could compete in quality with the Kodak N. C. Film of to-day. But experience is not the only advantage that our chemists and film makers enjoy. They have access to the formulae of the chemists who make the best dry plates in the world. The Kodak films of to-day have in them the com- bined knowledge of the most expert film makers and the most expert plate makers. The wise amateur will be sure that he gets the film with experience behind it. There are dealers, fortunately not many, who try to substitute inferior films from inexperienced makers, the only advantageous feature which these films possess being the ‘‘ bigger discount to the dealer”’ Amateurs, especially those who leave their Kodaks with the dealer to be loaded, should make sure that substitution is not practised against them. The film you use is even more important than the camera you use. Be sure it’s Kodak film with which you load your Kodak. 141 Remember: If it isn’t Eastman, it isn’t Kodak Film. Look for ‘“‘ Eastman” on the box. Look for ‘‘ Kodak” on the spool end. EASTMAN KODAK CoO. Rochester, N. Y. The Kodak City. $18 Couch, Bed, Wardrobe for $10 Handsome High-Grade Couch and Double Bed Complete with Spring, Mattress and Flounce; and Wardrobe Box. The mechanism is so simple that a child can operate it. Made of very best quality steel angles, attractively and durably enameled. Good dark green denim-top mattress, filled with fine carded wool. Rip Van Winkle Spring guaranteed twenty years. Cedar-stained pine box rolls out from beneath on casters. Closed, couch is 2 ft. 2 in. wide, 6 ft. 2 in, long; as bed 4 ft. 2 in. wide. Send $10, money or N. Y. draft, and we will ship couch to you promptly. Bargain at $18, but we make this low price to introduce samples of our goods in every community. METAL FURNITURE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Dept. G, 17 W. 42d St., New York Any article manufactured in our factory—Reclining Couch, Davenport, Bed Couch, Dropside Couch, !ronfold Bed, Mattresses—may be returned at our expense if not thoroughly satisfactory. We ship direct from factory to you. Send for our Literature and Prices. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 , If its price - buy the cheap kinds, iif quality counts - you must insist on getting UNEQUALLED FOR PURITY, QUALITY AND FLAVOR. to lovers of palms and house plants YOUR GROCER SELLS IT. a handsomely printed booklet, FREE “The Care of Palms.” This is an expert treatise on the life, health and beauty of house plants, and tells in detail how to care for them, accel- erate their growth, and preserve them under all condi- tions. Send postal to-day. Copy of the booklet will be sent, postpaid, upon receipt of your name and address. CAROLINA GLASS CO., Dept. B, Columbia, S. C. The Agricultural Experts Association GEORGE T. POWELL, President 120 Broadway - - NEW YORK XAMINATION of soils to determine condition and methods for improvement. Laying out of country estates, including architect’s services, residences, greenhouses and other buildings Building and landscape gardening. Problems relating to engineer- ing and sanitation. Selection and purchase of blooded “stock. Consultation on all land problems. Correspondence invited. For sale everywhere or by Mail 25e. Sample Free. TZyry Mennen's Violet Talcum, GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. e sure that you get the original, the Cleaning Up to Destroy Winter Shelters | | BLING October there is opportunity for doing really effective work by a general cleaning up and destruction of all loose ma- terial w vhich may serve as winter shelters for insect pests. Any loose bark on old trees in the orchard should be removed and burned; in that way many hibernating insects, like the codlin moth, will be destroyed. In places infested by canker worms, early in the month make all preparations for banding the trees. The fall species will begin ascend- ing during warm spells from about the middle of October, while the spring forms are found upon the trees through March and into April. Closely examine ‘shade trees for the egg belts of tent caterpillars, the conspicuous, snowy egg masses of the white-marked tus- sock moth and other indications of insect infestation; on finding them, destroy them. By this detail the probable number of insects for next spring will be enormously lessened. Thoroughly clean up the vegetable patch, and remove and burn squash vines as soon as the fruit is gathered, thus destroying many immature squash bugs. This procedure will materially reduce the numbers of this pest another year. All old vines, dead leaves, etc., should be collected and burned, in order to destroy the insects seeking refuge therein, among which may be named rose-leaf hoppers, apple-leaf miners of various kinds, and striped cucum- ber beetles. Weeds growing along fences and beside ditches bordering on cultivated grounds must be burned as soon as the vegetation is dry enough, because they afford winter shelter for numerous insects, such, for example, as the army worm. E. P. Fett, New York State Entomologist. Seasonable Suggestions [N October you can often buy manure more cheaply and have it moved before the roads get bad. You can have the foundation of a green- house laid any time before the ground freezes —say November 1st—but October 15th is safer. Have you stocked your winter window garden? What are you planning to have in flower at Christmas and Easter ? Roman hyacinths started in early Septem- ber have actually been known to bloom by | Thanksgiving! They are the easiest bulbs to have in flower for Christmas. ~ PULVERIZED SHEEP MANURE One herrel | of Dormant Sod Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure is equal in fertilizing strength—will go further and is more satisfactory—than two wagon loads of barnyard manure for gar- den and lawn. No waste, no odor, no refuse to blow about or rake up. Fall and Saas are best times to put down Sheep Manure and get results desired. Full barrel Pulverized Sheep Manure deliv- ered, freight prepaidto any pointinthe U-S. east of Denver ®4.00. Remittance must accompany order. Write for quantity prices and booklet. Dormant Sod Co. 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. $25,000.00 made from half acre. Easily ae i Garden or . Roots and seeds for sale. Send 4c. for postage and get Bonnie D.F., telling all about it. McDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN, JOPLIN, MO OYER Half a Century of Fair Dealing has given our products that prominence which merit deserves. We still ofter everything of the best for Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park, Street, Gar- den and Greenhouse. Cxaloane No. 1 free to purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. No. 3 free to buyers of Holland and other Bulbs. Hardy Plants and Vines, Roses, Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in general. Try us; will give you a square deal and guarantee satisfacticn. Correspondence solicited. 52 years; 44 greenhouses ; 1,200 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 38, Painesville, Ohio Rudyard Kipling’s Famous Books Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents Kim. $1.50 The Day’s Work. Stalky & Co. $1.50 $1.50 The Brushwood Boy. Plain Tales from the Hills. The Kipling Birthday Book. Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.00 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50 From Sea to Sea. Two volumes. The Light That Failed. $1.50 Soldier Stories. $1.50 With Wolcott Balestier, The Naulahka. $1.50 Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. $1.50 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White. $1.50 $2.00 Published and sent on receipt of price by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY OcTOBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE . 143 HOME STUDY COURSES DREER’S | eae : May-flowering or, VERYONE interested in farming or gardening, everyone who owns or who expects to own a suburban or a country home, Cottage Garden should know about The Home Study Courses in Agriculture, Horti- ap li culture, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture, which we offer u 1ps Pes) ee under Prof. Wm P. Brooks There are thousands of ama- ; of the Mass. Avricultural Ne Si bane ©) teurs who are un- College, and Prof. John : ; Craig of Cornell University gequaimued with =) Se this beautiful class of tulips. Those who know them are unstint- ed in their praise of the exquisite forms and won- derful colorings 2 which they possess ; for planting in shrubbery or hardy borders they are unmatchable, while as a cut * flower they are much superior to the early flowering types. wi. You should get a collection of these in j JVow for next season’s blooming. We y } have the finest assortment in this coun- 1 n\, try, all of which are described and offered, and some shown in colors in our AUTUMN CATALOGUE There is money and pleasure, too, in farming and gardening, in the growing of fruit and of flowers, for those who under- stand the ways how and the reasons why of modern agricul- ture. A knowledge of landscape gardening and floriculture is in- dispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is invited to send for a free copy of our eighty- page catalogue and full infor- mation in regard to our home study courses. J WY 1y \ An advance of twenty-five per cent. in our tuition rates will gointo effect November Ist, 1905. We hope that all who are interested will w7zte at once and arrange to register inseason JOHN CRAIG to take advantage of our present which we will mail Free on application. This catalogue contains, Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University rates, in addition to Bulbs for present planting, a very complete list of Hardy Plants, Shrubs, Seeds, etc., which can be planted in autumn. HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Department 8, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. CLAIMS4x» COUNTERCLAIMS By MAUD WILDER GOODWIN TWO EDITIONS WITHIN A WEEK OF PUBLICATION Author of “‘White Aprons,’ “Four Roads to Paradise,” Etc. The story of a strong & wz 39 ‘Claims and Counterclaims’ is 4) 2 to be hailed as combining the man torn between love - ON many fine qualities that go to and eratitude. It tells e oor Z make a novel of high merit. Its how Anthony Dilke met tate, 4 yw f unique plot, its brilliant execution : i he ase WS ee = in. both dialogue and movement, the issue etween 1S : Sy are all crowned by a novel’s raison debt to the man who 1G sG]> GD GP first class dealers handle the Glen, if yours don’t, write today for catalog and particulars. We make DGD sG>sCDic> bar an soda-fountain mats on same principle. & | An Interesting White Iris KK EENERS oriental iris (Ivis orientalis) is one of the most distinct and striking irises of early and middle June. It is a robust plant with broad leaves and flowering stems about four feet long. The flowers have pure white standards and falls, with bright yellow marking on the hafts. I. Sibirica, var. orientalis, is grown in many gardens as J. orientalis, but the plant here figured is properly so named. It is ris ochroleuca of Linneus. It belongs to the d Yellow an Catalo gue spuria group of the botanist, other good ex- amples of which are J. aurea, a golden-yellow ‘form, and J. Monnieri, of a lighter yellow. Iris spuria, var. notha, I have seen grown under the nursery name of I. ochroleuca. It is 218. Kerner’s variety of the oriental iris (Jré orientalis. var. Kerneriana). It is a dwarf form of a species which ordinarily grows four feet high, and has white and yellow flowers a robust form of the type, and with individ- ually rather pleasing light lavender flowers, but not as effective in the garden as J. orientalis. The plant figured here is an Asia Minor form, known to foreign catalogues as J. Kerneriana. It is, however, in every respect like the type, except in being smaller in its parts. This is one of those fanciful distinc- tions which delights the botanist and wearies the gardener with another name. Glen Mfg. Go., 149 Miil St., Ellwood Gity, Pa. Also Mfrs. Hartman Steel Picket Fence, Hurtman Flexible Wire Mats and Hartman Stockade Woven Wire Fence. C1 iC iG iG Da pl Gl ala iG : Pas seresra Chic Dil 4c New Jersey. J. N. GERARD. OcTOBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE For Fall Planting Our Descriptive Catalogue is now ready and will be mailed free on application. It is beauti- fully illustrated and contains full cultural direc- tions and a most complete collection of all the newest and best sorts. Hyacinths Tulips Daffodils including a magnificent collection of the newest and most beautiful varieties of the Japanese Iris. Lilies Irises Crocuses’ Freesias Lily-of-the-Valley, Etc. Send for our catalogue. We are the largest and oldest bulb importers in America ie VE wtORBURN & CO. 36 Cortland Street, New York ESTABLISHED 1802 (Othe gentleman who in the equip- LT ment of his stable takes the same pride as he does in the appoint- ments of his house, we respectfully suggest the completeness of the stocks carried by our many repositories and agencies. In these warerooms may be found every type of conveyance suitable for use during residence in town and country, with the correct harness for each. Details, such as whips, robes, monograms, crests, foot-warmers, carriage clocks, hampers, etc., receive our precise attention, HE ability to give solid satisfaction day after day on the road is, after all, the quality which most owners appreciate in the car they run, rather than the for phenomenal spurts of speed. While the “STUDEBAKER” cars have all the speed which will ever be required for touring, it is their common-sense con- their and lubrication systems and their ease and capacity occasional struction, reliable _ ignition convenience of operation which have made them popular this season. Above all —STUDEBAKER standard of materials and workmanship throughout. while an expert knowledge of the requirements of horses is displayed in our extensive lines of stable requisites. Studebaker Mfg. Co. SOUTH BEND, IND. New York; Chicago, Ill.; Kansas City, Mo.; San Francisco, Cal.; Portland, Ore.; Denver, Col.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Dallas, Texas. Local agencies everywhere. Factory and executive offices, South Bend, Ind. Small Ginseng gardens pay large profits. Work is light. Hundreds of dollars can be made in your back yard. Fall best planting time. Send for free illustrated booklet. Empress Ginseng Gardens, Box 755, La Grange, Ill. Atlantic City The Resort of HEALTH ; PLEASURE and FASHION STUDEBAKER ELECTRICS AND STUDEBAKER 2 & 4 CYLINDER CARS White tor complete catalogues Studebaker Automobile Co. SOUTH BEND, IND. Member Association of Licensed Automobile Manufac- turers. Agencies in all principal cities. Three Hours From New York via New Jersey Central BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH IS THE BEST FINISH MADE FOR FLOORS, INTERIOR WOODWORK AND FURNITURE Is not soft and sticky like Without Send Not Brittle, will neither scratch nor deface like Shellac or Varnish. beeswax. Perfectly transparent, preserving the natural color and beauty of the wood. doubt the most economical and satisfactory POLISH known for HARDWOOD FLOORS. for Free Booklet telling of the many advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH Our No. 3 Reviver is a Superior Finish for Kitchen and Piazza Floors. Paints, Hardware, and House Fumishing Stores. EmvGLie Re POLISH: COMPAN Y BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS For sale by Dealers in Luxurious Equipment Fast Service Cc. M. BURT General Passenger Agent ew Yor! Ia, 356 ATLANTIC AVENUE - -= W. 23d Street, N. R. Stations : | Foot Liberty Street, N. R. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 Before ordering your stock look at our offer and send for our FALL list. You will find Good Stock and Reasonable Prices We name a few YW HYACINTHS, for glasses in the house or planting outdoors Extra large bulbs, named sorts in separate colors, white, rose, red, blue Each Perdoz. Per 100 | oryellow . 5 ; 5 . loc. $1.50 $10.00 First size bulbs in separate colors 7Cun 75.Ge 5.00 | Perdoz. Per 100 Per 1,000 TULIPS, single or double, in separate colors, white, . 25c. $1.25 $10.00 rose, yellow, striped, red, etc. . . P . 20¢. 1.00 8.00 Mixed NARCISSUS Varieties, for Xmas forcing Each Per doz. Per 100 Chinese Sacred, force beautifully in water 3 loc. $1.00 $6.00 TRUMPETS, Large golden yellow . Empress, Emperor 6 : 6 5c. 50C. 3.00 Trumpet Major : 3c. 30c. 2.00 : Per doz, Per 100 Per 1,000 CROCUS, in separate colors, white, yellow, blue, purple and striped 6c. 40c. $3.00 SEND FOR OUR PRICE LIST All other kinds of Winter and spring flowering bulbs. Are you interested in the beautiful FLORA of Japan We are the OLDEST Import House from Japan inthe U.S. (Established 1878), and can tell you all about the flowers, trees and shrubs growing in Japan. We can furnish IRIS KAEMPFERI PAEONIAS, HERBACEOUS and TREE SORTS ALL SORTS MAPLES FLOWERING SHRUBS ALL LILY BULBS GROWING IN JAPAN ALL HARDY Send for our Price List and Catalogue before buying or ordering elsewhere. NOT/CE—Our ‘SUPERB DOLLAR COLLECTION " offered in September number holds good for OCTOBER. H.H. BERGER & CO., 47 BARCLAY ST., NEWYORK CITY LARGE SELECTED BULBS AT ATTRACTIVE PRICES If these bulbs are planted outside in October, they bloom profusely in Spring and will multiply rapidly. SINGLE VARIETIES DOUBLE VARIETIES OZ. lo) PER DOZ. 100 : Pre, Van Sion, yellow . $0.30 $2.00 Princeps, yellow . $0.25 $1.25 has : Incomparabilis, yellow 25 eel) Trumpet Major, yellow 230). 1s50 Orne Whose, Sdllor Golden Spur, yellow, large .50 3.00 aad) wae Si age aamene Poeticus, white . .20 .70 | Alba Plena Odorata, white .25 1.50 Write for FREE ILLUSTRATED Catalogue of Tulips, Hyacinths, Crocuses, Snowdrops and other bulbs | foliage. MARSHALL & CO., 146 W. 23rd Street, New York To Vanquish Catalpa Worms Q. How can we get rid of the worms on catalpa? They are about two inches long, striped black and yellow, and they ruin the Last year we tried bisulphide of car- _ bon, which was effective early in the season, _ but did not prevent the worms from coming later. A. The worm on the catalpa trees is un- doubtedly what is known as the catalpa sphinx, a Southern species which produces three or four generations annually and is remarkable among its allies because of its depositing numerous eggs in large masses on the under side of the foliage. The larvee are gregarious when young, and on account of their voracious appetites rapidly defoliate infested trees. This species is also more or less local in habit. It, like other leaf feeders, can be readily con- trolled by thorough spraying with an arsenical poison, and in this case there is nothing better _ than an arsenate of lead in the prepared paste | form, using the amounts recommended by the manufacturer. A thorough application at the time the first brood of larvae appear, which is about the middle of June, should protect the trees throughout the season. The poison recommended above is much better for this purpose than the more com- monly employed London purple or Paris _ green, since it adheres to the foliage for a long time and protects the trees from attack during the remainder of the season, something of considerable importance when brood follows brood. The nearly full-grown caterpillars can also be dislodged from the trees by sud- den jarring. This would have to be supple- mented by collecting and destroying the pests, or else putting some bands around the trees so that they could not ascend and continue their destructive work. Ordinarily the arsenical spray is much to be preferred. 15, 12, Piper. New York State Entomologist. RECEIPTS FOR GRAFTING WAX Q. After reading Professor Fletcher’s ar- ticles I want to try my hand at grafting. There are some wild plums and cherries on my place that might as well be working at something better. How do you make graft- ing wax? IN IRs Tee A. One of the best formulas is: Resin, four parts by weight; beeswax, two parts; tal- low one part. Melt together and pour into a pail of cold water. Then grease the hands and pull the wax until it is nearly white. OctoRER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 149 LA, We offer for Fall of 1905 an unusu- ally large and well-grown stock of BRU ERE ES for ORCHARD and GARDEN, embracing vari- eties best adapted to various soils and climates. ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, Bre Consisting of rare and beautiful species and vari- eties for the embellishment of public and _ private grounds ; Shade Trees, Street Trees and Flowering Shrubs, including Lemoine’s marvelous New Double Lilacs, Deutzias, Mock Orange, etc. PAE ROSE is a specialty with us and we have a larger supply this year than ever. Our assortments embrace all of the old favorites as well as the newest kinds from the most celebrated raisers in Europe. Our novelties comprise introductions of rare beauty and _ excellence. PEONIES AND PHLOXES Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily grown plants, we offer the choicest kinds, also HARDY PLANTS, including the most ornamental, flowering from early spring till late autumn, particular attention being given to Iris, Japan and German. Our Beautifully illustrated Descriptive Catalogue—144 pages—a manual indispensable to Planters, also Descriptive List of Novelties and Specialties for Fall, 1905, together with a colored plate of Hardy Phlox, mailed free on request. ELLWANGER & BARRY NURSERYMEN-HORTICULTURISTS Mount Hope Nurseries, Drawer C ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Border of Deutzias planted along a drive on a private estate near Boston. We have an especially fine stock Four Departments AT YOUR SERVICE For Fall Planting Your order en- IRISH trusted to us will be SPECIMEN ROSES properly cared for, TREES The best in | shipping plants of the World each kind at a date when they may be transplanted in perfect safety and with best results. Peonies, Phlox, Iris and a few other hardy perennials in September and early October; Daffodils, Tulips, and other bulbs in October; some Roses, Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Fruit Trees, _ October and November, some in April, others in May. Our wide experience in planting in many parts of the country We offer practically all the best new ana old varieties. of Fruit. and» Orna- mental Trees, including a splendid col- lection of Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Plants, etc. and SHRUBS ©end us your list of probable wants for special quotations, and ask for our complete catalogue The great care we take 1n the grading and packing of all orders is certain to meet with the complete approval of all who receive shipments from us. It costs us more to do is at your service. We attribute our success as much to the time of planting as to the condition of our stock, this way, but we want to make permanent customers of Our trade has annually doubled over the pre- those who favor us with a trial order. BULBS WANDSCAPE| Ceding year since rgor. all DESIGN Catalogue free. HARDY i S. G. HARRIS, M.S. | PLANTS The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Connecticut TARRYTOWN, N. Y. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OCTOBER, 1905 2 salem : z Home Grow I e l e Why buy elsewhere, when: Horsford’s Bulbs, grown in cold Vermont, will produce ona single | stem of Auratum Lilies a bouquet like this. | Not all of Horsford’s Bulbs are as good as this one, but they are known to be better than the average by those who have used them. Autumn Supplement, ready last of August, will offer a long list of lilies, and other bulbs and plants, trees and shrubs, for autumin setting. An attrac- tive Bargain List for those who have room to | plant liberally. Many plants, especially shrubs | and trees, ripen off their wood much earlier in | this cold climate than farther south, and are | ready to set earlier in the fall. You should ask | for Horsford’s Catalogue and Supplement before | buying. To all who received spring catalogue | of 1905, the Supplement will be sent when issued | | FREDERICK H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont nN th cerari fini Crue Art Art and Photography blended in exquisite effects. No. 400, ‘‘A Typical Maine Road.” 5x7. $1.00, post- paid. Satisfaction guaran- teed. | | Z \ \) 1 True to Nature a With all the chang- Ra ing hues of each season. 34 No. 357, ‘‘ Afternoon a Off Peak’s Island.” (65 Postpaid, $1.00. Send R) 1oc. for our Art Cata- vel logue ves LAMSON STUDIO, Za 86 Temple Street, BA Portland, Me. a e¢*‘* pe aay. ¥ |GLADIOLI » Va a if Order now for November shipment $5.00 WILL PAY FOR 100 Bulbs of the Willow Bank Collection 12 Bulbs of the Golden Collection 12 Bulbs of the Silver Collection 12 Bulbs of the Diamond Collection consisting of twelve Gladioli of all the colors of the rainbow, including the empress of them all **Virginia’* the most rare and beautiful of this flower. On all orders received prior to November 15th I will ship 136 bulbs of the above varieties, charges prepaid, on receipt of $5.00. Having sold all my stock unplanted, I will be unable to ship on further orders until the harvesting of this season's planting. Order now for next season's wants and secure the choicest selections. _ Horticulture” is a mine of practical infor- _ of which is mostly shale? j | plants to take them all up and remake the | | nure, if available, be liberally used and | thoroughly incorporated with the soil. Then Ground ebDOnesesneetiene scenes one Ree eee _ of bone and potash will supply the needed | taining of the most successful method of _ keeping cut flowers fresh, in private houses, STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN Proprietor Willow Bank Nurseries, Newark, Wayne County, New York | Another is: Six pounds of beeswax and | one pint of linseed oil; apply hot with a brush. A liquid wash is made with white resin, one pound; beef tallow, one ounce; remove from the fire and add eight ounces of alcohol. Keep in closed bottles or cans. Bailey’s Horticulturist’s ‘Rule Book” tells such things and the “Cyclopedia of American | mation. HOW MUCH NITRATE FOR SHRUBS Q. Tread Mr. Walsh’s article and would like to know how much nitrate I could safely apply around shrubs. Would a quart be too much ? 18, ING, 1B. Hinsdale, IIl. A. Better not use more than three pounds | to the square rod. It should be applied only during the growing season. In the case of shrub, apply just after the flowering period. Scatter it on the surface and rake in. Use | one pound three times rather than three | pounds once. I, 123, | FERTILIZING SHALE SOIL Q. How shall I fertilize my garden, the soil I have too many beds and borders. New Brunswick, N. J. A. I should recommend that stable ma- | lg 1B, Ss apply broadcast, at the rate of three pounds | per square rod, the following mixture: Muriatevofeb otashaaceu-rraeentercreerner The manure will supply the organic matter | and available nitrogen which are liable to be | deficient in our shale soils, while the mixture mineral elements in good forms. EDWARD B. VOORHEES, New Jersey Experiment Station. How to Keep Cut Flowers FIFTY DOLLARS IN PRIZES ~TNDER the auspices of the ‘‘ Garden Club of Philadelphia” a competition for three prizes of $25, $15 and $10 each, subject to the following conditions, is open to readers of this magazine: The object of this competition is the ascer- sent from the greenhouse during the winter months—this competition being only for amateurs. The tests will be made simultaneously upon | the same kind of cut flowers, supplied by the same florist. RULES tst. All communications entered for com- petition should be written on one side of the paper only, and to consist of not more than three hundred words. 2d. Papers must be sent to the secretary of the Garden Club of Philadelphia, Rydal, Pa., | earline Fir& and Best Aid ‘to WOMEN who MUST do |W. hing and Cleaning before February 1, 1906. @ Lamps, Lanterns and Lighting Fix- tures; Gates, Grilles, Fences; Fire-place Furnishimges same other Work in Metal —all wrought by hand. @ Illustrated matter will be promptly mailed upon re- ELECTRIC LANTERN No. 10612 EACH, $6.00 PAIR, I1.50 THe WILLIAM BAYLEY CO. 116 NORTH STREET, SPRINGFIELD, O. quest. Mention the things in which you are most in- terested. Iron Railings, Wire ntrance Gates iS WE MAKE and erect Iron and Wire Fences of all kinds for | lawns, gardens, stock paddocks. dog kennels, Arhors for vines fruit trees, Garden Arches, Plant Supporters, Tree Guards, limable Netting Fences, etc., also Wrought Iron Railings and Write for catalogue No. 29. and Unc Gates of all kinds for country places. ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS Office and Show Rooms: 15 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY OcTOBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 151 Why Not Sow Sweet Peas Before October Ist? Se peas sown in the early spring usually commence to bloom early in June. To have sweet peas early in May, or even in April, they must be sown in the fall. DIRECTIONS FOR FALL SOWING Sow between September 25th and October rst. Select a dry situation and deep, rich | soil. Plant from four to five inches deep, and sow thickly. Give level culture. As a fertilizer for fall sowing I prefer a liberal quantity of bone meal to barnyard manure, as the ground mice like to make their nests in the manure, and there is also considerable loss from leaching in the winter. As soon as the frost is about six inches in the ground, cover lightly with salt hay or some einen coarse aiaireniall Too much cov- | ering is detrimental to the young plants, and also makes a harbor for ground mice and | moles. To shelter the row from the cutting north winds, use a 10-inch board set edge- | wise alongside the row. The frost will not hurt sweet peas; it is the thawing and freezing in the spring which is 219. Fall sown sweet peas flower earlier in the spring than spring sown. A succession can be arranged by leaving space for a spring sown row behind the fall sown. For early flowers sowin cold: | frames in late September harmful, therefore a little more covering should be added in March to prevent the | ground from tiiawing until the fine weather sets in. When the frost is out of the ground thin out the seedlings to five inches apart in the row. They will sprout out very freely and will make an immense growth. The wire trellis or brush support should be at least five feet high. SOWING IN COLDFRAMES Sweet peas can also be grown in cold- | frames, and will give flowers of a size and brightness that will surprise you if you have | never tried this method. Sow, as previously directed, two rows lengthwise in a frame 3x6 | feet. Keep the frame uncovered until the ground is frozen about six inches deep, then put on the sash, and a hotbed mat or some 20 eam KN rey | i KEEN KUTTER sich lool Something to mend or make—which Tool will do it? Open the Keen Kutter Tool Cabinet and lay your hand on the right tool in a second. It’s a great thing to have such a tool cabinet i in the home. In most homes there’s a hammer, a screw driver and a tack puller G Ls but if there’s something to be planed or filed or a hole to be bored or some- Cae / 4 thing to be squared up—you’re stuck. The é i fr KEEN KUTTER TOOL CABINET contains every tool necessary for general use and every tool is guaranteed to be a strictly high grade perfect tool. It is the only cabinet in which all the tools are strictly high grade, every one being guaranteed by the same trade mark. Every tool in “the Keen Kutter Cabinet is a Keen Kutter, bears the Keen Kutter trade-mark and is made under the Keen Kutter motto—‘ Zhe Recollection of Quality Remains Long Ajter the Price is Forgotten.” The mark and motto that for 36 years has identified a tool as standard and which covers a “complete line of tools. The Keen Kutter line of tools was awarded the Grand Prize at the World’s Fair, St. Louis, Mo. No other line of tools cau show a similar reward. Keen Kutter Tool Cabinets and Keen Kutter Tools are for sale by all first class dealers. It will pay you to write for a copy of our handsome book on Keen Kutter Tools. It’s a book every user of tools will find useful as a permanent reference. We will mail you a copy FREE. SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. 298 Broadway, New York City. Valuable Catalogue and Booklet ‘‘ Warmth” on Modern Steam | As an Investment Furman Boilers return large Dividends in and Hot Water Heating, mailed free. Address improved Health, increased Comfort, and Fuel Saved. THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY SELLING AGENTS: ro Plant Street, GENEVA, N. Y. EDW. S. DEAN, Bloomington, Ill. E. K. BARR, La Crosse, Wis. 39 Cortland Street, NEW YORK 39 Oliver Street, BOSTON JAS. SPEAR S. & H. CO., 1014 Market St., Philadelphia 152 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A CHARMING FINISH TO THE SHRUBBERY BORDER Strong field grown clumps planted, this autumn will be established and ready to afford a wealth of bloom earlier in the Spring than if you wait till April. Send for attractive folder price-list of the best old fashioned sorts. Order early and get the garden in order during the pleasant October days. At the Westbury Nurseries one may choose everything for the complete plant- ing of a place. Choose it in all its vig- orous perfection. We would call special attention to our stock of splendidly grown, heavily rooted shade trees, flowering shrubs and evergreens. Then to our specialty: extra size nursery trees 15 to 30 feet high, grown 8 to 25 feet apart for perfect develop- ment. Then choose the great spreading shade tree, 12 to 20inches in diameter and 25 to 50 feet high, that completes the picture. Our Catalogue, “ Trees for Long Island,” is an invaluable book for the planter, for it opens a new field in horticultural knowl- edge. ISAAC HICKS ano SON (EDWARD HICKS, HENRY HICKS) Nurserymen and Scientific Tree-movers Westbury Station, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. B URP EE’: SEEDS) TARKFRUIT.BOOK GROW shows in NATURAL COLORS ame Handsome catalog, containing beautiful colored prints, directly Aaa eG lear aE Se photographed from nature, mailed FR EE on request. DULPOTItOKD lam fore eS Ea Brae liotisianatne W. ATLEE BURPEE, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa. Cottage Gardens Descriptive Catalogue of Peonies IS READY Also new cheap price list of Evergreens, Decid- uous Trees and Shrubs. ‘Tables giving the botanical and common names of the best her- baceous plants, height, color and season of GREENHOUSES FOR AMATEURS. bloom, will assist you in making your garden. F 50 00 Freioht Paid Both sent for the asking. ‘There is still time tom + reight Faid. to plan the home grounds for Fall planting. Conservatories, Vineries, Orchid Houses, Garden Frames, Hand Lights, All inquiries cheerfully answered, Portable Buildings, Summer Cottages, Hunting Lodges,Autoand Boat Houses, Portable House-Boats, Studios, Workshops, etc. Designs and Estimates Free. COTTAGE GARDENS Co. ’ Queens, L.I. C. H. MANLEY, Premier Mfg. Works, ST. JOHNS, MICH. : - THE BAY STATE NURSERIES Autumn 1905 Catalog, designed especially for Gar- deners and Owners of Large Estates, now ready. PERENNIALS fenaune® PLANTING Our Herbaceous Department contains over a Thousand Varieties of Hardy Perennials, new and old. Paeonias, Phlox, Iris, Hardy Asters, in fact everything required for Garden and Border Planting. Shade and Evergreen Trees in great variety. Hardy Shrubs, Vines, Roses of every description. Our nurseries are located eighteen miles south of Boston. We have rapid transit both north and south. Freight arrives in New York or Boston the next morning after shipment. The BAY STATE NURSERIES W. H. WYMAN NORTH ABINGTON, - MASSACHUSETTS OCTOBER, 1905 other light covering. The ground must not thaw until early spring. This can be easily accomplished by keeping the frame covered. The middle of March the frames should be uncovered on bright days. Once the ground has thawed it must not be allowed to freeze again. Coldframe-grown sweet peas should be in bloom at least two weeks earlier than those sown outdoors in the fall. The dates given are for the latitude of northern New Jersey; further north the seed should be sown earlier, and further south later. The aim is not to have the young plants too strong before the frost sets in, but they must be well above ground before being covered. The plants stand the winter best when they — are from five to six inches high. SOME GOOD VARIETIES The following varieties have given me the best results from fall sowing: Mont Blanc, the earliest white, will grow about three and a half feet high, fall sown. Emily Henderson, pure white, grows five to six feet high; large flowers; excellent for fall sowing. Josephine White is another good white for fall sowing, and very early. Has longer stems but not such well-formed flowers as Mont Blanc. Sadie Burpee, very large white; the black-seeded form of this has a faint pink tinge but is more hardy than the pure white, white-seeded form. Queen Victoria, primrose yellow, faintly overlaid with purple. Earliest-of-all, pink and white. Navy blue, dark blue. Anyone who wishes to try any other vari- eties should select those having black seeds, most of which can be successfully grown from fall sowing. N. BUTTERBACH. How to Attract Wild Ducks to Your Neighborhood ILD rice, the favorite food of wild ducks, is a plant worth growing for its beauty alone. One seedsman I know of has had it in his catalogue for many years, under the name of Zizania aquatica, but the secret of its cultivation has only lately been discoy- ered. The seeds must be sown in the fall, and they must never be allowed to become thoroughly dried out. This explains why sportsmen’s clubs have always failed in their efforts to grow wild rice near their club- houses. Hitherto they have always bought the seed in the spring, as was natural, and hundreds of dollars have been wasted. Another peculiarity of wild rice is that it will grow only in fresh water. Even 3 per cent. of salt is too much, and that is so little that you can just detect a brackish taste. Buy ten cents’ worth of seed this fall and scatter in on the bit of fresh water nearest your home, whether you own the stream or not. No one will harm the wild rice, and next year your heart will leap with joy to see the beautiful wild rice in flower, and when it goes to seed you will enjoy seeing the other birds feeding on its swaying stems, even if you do not raise enough plants the first year to attract wild ducks. OcToBeERr, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 153 Making Beds for Mushrooms at Christmas PROTECTION qs most favorable season for starting mushroom beds is when the cold nights F R O M F | R EB of fall arrive. Begin preparing the soil in the latter part of September, making up the bed in the middle of October, which will insure a crop in full bearing by Christmas and lasting until March, and often longer. But ‘ beds may be made up at any time, provided Beautiful Lawns a good ae of ea maui is AED Are the pride of the home; why disfigure and there is plenty of cellar room. with ugly clothes posts ? Any cellar that is dry, frost proof and Hill’s Lawn Clothes Dryers capable of being aired may be utilized with hold 100 to 150 feet of line, take small space, satisfactory results, but the preparation of guickly removed when not in use. , Make the fermenting material must be accom- t and tast bl life-time. : i 5 SAG Oat ee ie ih ae ume plished in an airy outbuilding that any ore than illion people use them. fumes may pass off. No traveling in wet grass. No snow to shovel. The line comes to you. Also Balcony and Roof Clothes Dryers. If not found at your hardware store write The best material for the bed is good fresn ae HILL DRYER co. horse droppings, free from coarse litter, which Write for Cat.39, should be got together as quickly as possible, : i| | so that a sufficient quantity may be in the proper condition to make up a bed. Get manure from healthy horses that are fed grain freely. The manure should be turned over every second day, to allow of the proper airing : and to enable it to dry, so that when squeezed Carn ation | no moisture is expressed. This may take eight to ten days, if the weather be not Plants damp. THE BEST MATERIAL For Greenhouse If it is difficult to dry the manure (as often Growing happens in wet or cold weather), add dry L eae a loam to the extent of about one-fourth. EW MODEL AUTOMATIC FIRE arge, bushy plants: 5 Clean, healthy stock. Should the turning be neglected, or the ESCAPE makes a firm, strong, steel lad- Ready for delivery now. | manure be heaped too high while in prepara- der, that two persons may descend abreast at All the standard varie- | tion, heat will be generated that will cause one ame, conte family of 25 persons may ties, and new produc- M naw ee ee ees use it at once, as each section is tested up to tions. The most satis- the COLE COE OP DUED WAC S SLOW Yn its 2,000 pounds weight. For country homes of factory stock for the turning white. two, three, or four stories it is ideal. Con- private greenhouse. TEMPERATURE structed of two or three strands of steel wire in List and prices on ap- the strongest, simplest manner it affords a plication: When enough material is ready, make up rigidity and sense of “PROSPERITY ” SAE larg te the bed in a cellar for early winter crops. A security when in use that minimum temperature of 50° is the best, and has hitherto been un- known to portable fire a bed in such a place should give results all BeM Re e1G Gelsanbreak: hrough the winter. A nui f th F JAPANESE GARDENS |sritasu't’seraleer orice” ||| Derm ton THE LEO NIESSEN COMPANY, 1217 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. and plants. Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. Given a good dry cellar bottom, a 10-inch Send for Catalogue. Y HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island | board or plank set on edge, and we are ready Price, $15.00 for the manure. This must be spread in thin Waite for Catale ladder Under Window. Carnation Su pport layers and thoroughly trodden. Each layer § sill When not in Use as it is laid on must be packed as hard as pos- PARKER-BRUEN MFG. CO., Inc. made of galvanized wire, to take the place of the old- | sible, to prevent the material from heating OUR NEW YORK CITY OFFICE : fashioned insect-harboring, decaying, wooden supports. | too violently and so injuring the spawn. 14s It means not only economy to private or market | When Seer material E added to nue yeh 7ase ames Budding preys cupericr duality, greater quantity. the required depth, ten inches in front, sloping eee SOEUR IVER ORDERENOW: upward to twelve inches at the back, a ther- PRUN I NG S HEAR S PRICES mometer may be plunged and made firm, to The Igoe Carnation Supports | register accurately the temperature as it Best Solid Steel Two rings, per10o0 ~=..—s« $3.50 | rises. _ Price 60 cents” Two rings, per 500 2 16.00 WHEN TO sPAWN including postage:topecialiofier Three rings, per 100 . 4.00 Headquarters for Pruning Tools Three rings, per 500. 18.00 In a general way it may be taken as safe to anepe rieiltaraiamplements: You also need some Tying Wire | spawn when the heat does not rise above 95°; J. S. WOODHOUSE, 191-5 Water St., New York hi ] : J “ys . ° ee SoA ean Eee xe ae should it go above 100°, water must be given Ibs. for ane to cool the bed, or it may even be necessary The IGOE TOMATO AND LARGE i PLANT SUPPORTS mean a more | t take out the bed, and after letting the abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior | manure sweat for a few hours, say a day quality, and more beauty and success of . : | . your heavily flowered plants, such as Pe- anda night, make up the bed again. Navese Turquoise Stick Pin, 50 Cents We have had one of the best Navajo Indian silver- smiths make up for us a number of these hand-hammered, solid silver stick pins, in form of the Navajo Swastika Cross, and each one prettily set with a p f i native turquois. Price to THE GAR DEN readers only 50 cents each, prepaid; Supply is limited, so order at once. “It you have not E (\. onies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chrysan- : it] =i e 0 co anc Np themimms, ete" SamestyleasCarnation | __ Assuming that the conditions are favorable GI Prarie ape Supports, but larger. $1.75 per dozen. $12.50 per roo. after a week’s waiting, the spawn may be Indian Handicraft of any publication issued. FREE with orders, or alone 4 cents. IGOE BROTHERS, 228 North 9th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. | broken up into pieces about the size of a large THE FRANCIS E, LESTER (0., Dept. 94B, Mesilla Park, New Mexico THE GARDEN MAGAZINE This) 1s a “FTRE-CLOSET” the modern substitute for out- door closets and garbage cans. Guaranteed odorless and sold Sanitary and inexpen- on trial. sive. Let us send a booklet. INTERNATIONAL INCINERATOR CO. 648 Prudential Building, Bultalon NewS CHant Department A special low rate is made in this department for the convenience of readers to advertise for a gardener, or for gardeners to offer their services. 9 e Gardeners’ Register High-class obtained at 14 Barclay Street, New York City. men, with good records, can be VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, No fee. Competent Gardeners The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to engage one, write to us. Please give particulars regarding place and say We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. Situations Wanted FOR Gardeners, Farmers and Estate Superintendents I am constantly receiving applications from trustworthy and com- petent men desiring positions. Twenty years acquaintance among them has given me exceptional knowledge of their individual capa- bilities. No Fee—My sole desire is to be of service to employer and employee alike. ARTHUR T. BoppINGTON, Seedsman, 342 West 14tn Street, New York. whether married or single man is wanted. | back of a spade. OcTOBER, 1905 hen’s egg; holes dug into the manure eight | inches apart, just deep enough to bury the spawn; the bed smoothed again with the Put on a finishing coat of loam, if it is desired. SPAWNING AND CASING AT ONE TIME If the temperatures are regular, not fluctu- ating or rising unduly, one can safely spawn and case the bed over the same day. This casing means the coat of loam through which the mushrooms finally appear. It is best to use fresh loam, as it is taken from the field; if it has been stacked to kill the sod all the better, but no foreign matter should have been mixed in. A layer one inch in thick- ness should be spread evenly all over the bed and primed smooth with the spade. _ Water will not be necessary for a week or two at least, and, on general principles, the less the better until the crop begins to show, which should be in about four weeks if the pure culture spawn is used; with the im- ported article it sometimes takes very much longer. THE KINDS OF SPAWN Of the several sorts of spawn that are on the market, what is called English spawn is the most commonly known, and is the kind that comes in bricks. The French spawn is a loose, flaky material, and is different from the Inglish spawn only in not being pressed into compact bricks. The English spawn is more easy to handle, and is therefore more com- monly used. The pure culture spawn, which has only recently been manufactured com- mercially, as a result of the investigations of the Department of Agriculture, also comes in bricks, and gives large mushrooms. It is offered in three named varieties, which are chiefly distinguished by their size. It starts into growth more quickly than the old-style spawn, and has given me complete satis- faction. The temperature of the beds should be maintained by the natural heat of the manure, up to 70°, if possible, until the mycelium has permeated the whole mass. Should the heat decline, apply some covering, say four or six inches of hay, to bring up the warmth. After a little experience, the heat may be regulated very nicely by the amount of covering used. If the surface of the bed does become dry, apply tepid water at once, moistening the dry spots well, but not soaking the bed as with a hose. Do not use water having any iron in it. When gathering, twist the specimen out of the soil, never cut it and leave the stem in the bed to decay. SECURING A SECOND CROP After a crop has been gathered, let the bed dry for a time, then water thoroughly with a little nitrate of soda added—a heaping tea- spoonful to five gallons of water—and a good sprinkling of mushrooms will appear in due time. The compost from a spent bed makes an excellent ingredient for the mixing in the potting soil for small plants, such as annuals, when being transplanted. Massachusetts. E. O. ORPET. — UPON HAVING THE FERRIS Accuracy, Simplicity and Beauty are the chief char- acteristics of the famous Accuracy in a timepiece is the most important con- sideration, for one always wants the correct time. Our 400 Day Clocks will run over a year with but one winding, and are guaranteed to keep absolutely perfect time. The simple mechanism insures long life with few repairs, for there is nothing to get out of order. Made of polished biass these clocks are very handsome and especially suitable for country homes. Price $15.60 express prepaid anywhere in the U.S. Send for our booklet ‘‘Anniversary Time.” It is free. Anderton & Son, Dept. C, Dayton, Ohio 7 SSS SUN-DIALS -. with or without PEDESTALS j Send for illustrated Price List H aan Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co. New York Office, 1123 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y. FRANK NORRIS’S BOOKS The Responsibilities of the Novelist. $1.25. Postage, 12 cents A Deal in Wheat. $1.50 The Pit. $1.50 The Octopus. $1.50 A Man’s Woman. $1.50 McTeague. $1.50 Blix. $1.25 Moran of the Lady Letty. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Net, $1.00 OcTOBER, 1905 OOKING at it from the standpoint of either pleasure or profit, is there anything that surpasses an orchard? When the pleasure of it only is considered, you have early in the spring a gorgeous burst of blossoms, in midsummer the ripen- ing fruit, in the late summer luscious home-grown fruit, and enough over, if you have a part laid out in apples, to store and enjoy the winter through. If the orchard is looked at and desired merely for profit, the results are even more interesting. For example, one of our cus- tomers netted this season $14 from one four-year-old Elberta Peach Tree. An acre, at this rate, would yield a profit of $1,400! Another netted $8 from one ten- year-old Yellow Transparent Apple Tree. Another $6 from one four-year-old Abun- dance Plum Tree. Still another customer wrote us that a single Bartlett Pear Tree gave him a profit of $10. It is not necessary to go into this thing in a large way, and we make the planting of a small orchard a matter of trifling ex- pense. This is possible because we are one of the largest growers of fruit trees in America, having more than a thousand acres in our nurseries, and sell to the large orchardists of the country in car- A FRUIT ORCHARD FOR $12.50 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 155 sand trees. We make these special offers: FOR A ONE-ACRE PEACIL AND APPLE ORCHARD so Elberta Peach Trees, fine one-year-old stock eS or so Yellow Transparent or Baldwin Apple Trees § P12.50 FOR A ONE-ACRE PEAR AND APPLE ORCHARD so Bartlett Pear Trees . 50 Yellow Transparent or Baldwin Ap ple Trees§ FOR A ONE-ACRE APPLE ORCHARD too Yellow Transparent or Baldwin Apple Trees - 15.00 FOR A ONE-ACRE PLUM AND PEACH ORCHARD so Elberta Peach Trees. . 50 Abundance Plum Trees $ FOR A ONE-ACRE CHERRY AND APPLE ORCIIARD 50 Early Richmond Cherry Trees 50 Yellow Transparent or Baldwin Apple Trees s . 17.50 + 20.00 Any other varieties of the fruits included in these combinations may be substituted for those listed. Those mentioned, how- ever, are the most popular varieties among the orchardists, who naturally select the best for yield and quality. The trees in these offers are all fine stock, and are just what we supply to the commercial orchardist. This stock is grown in the rich Maryland soil, and is perfectly hardy in severe Northern climates. Lay out some of your unused land in orchard. It requires but a little attention and will yield you large dividends in pleasure and profit. Weshall be glad to advise any reader of THE GARDEN MaGazineE relative to the planting of an orchard, whether large load lots. We frequently sell for single Isn’t it worth while to get a yield like this every year? You can or small, and suggest other combinations orchards from fifty to one hundred thou- plant a hundred trees for fifteen dollars J. G. HARRISON & SONS, Nurserymen, than those offered above. Write us today. BERLIN, MD. The quality of Vick’s Bulbs is known wherever bulbs are planted. They never disappoint. BUY VICK’S AND GET RESULTS $ ie Beridozen Tulips, superfine, single mixed i $ eee pet doz: oe ‘ “ “ 25 ““ doz. 1.25 per dozen : double + 1.00 ‘ 100 Narcissus, from 20 cents to 60 cents per dozen Hyacinths, in fine mixture { as named varieties | At dozen and single prices we prepay mail or express charges. Hundred lots by express not prepaid. Send for our Free Catalogue, which gives descriptions and prices of over 200 kinds of bulbs. It’s an interesting book to lovers of flowers. An order for bulbs this fall will entitle you to our handsome Garden and Floral Guide issued Jan. Ist. JAMES VICK’S SONS, -_ Rochester, N. Y. 362 MAIN STREET, EAST PICTURESQUE HOLLAND LEADS THE WORLD IN BULB GROWING The above picture shows the manner and conditions under which bulbs are grown in Holland. We are in direct connection with the largest growers of bulbs in Holland; our importations are for the large bulbs and best quality ; are not to be compared with the bulbs which can be offered at a much less price. QUALITY MAKES THE RESULT, NOT THE PRICE BULBS for outdoor planting BULBS for growing in Greenhouses BULBS for growing in Pots BULBS for fall or spring flowering NEW VARIETIES NEW SELECTIONS A complete assortment will be found in our Autumn Bulb Catalogue, which is sent on application. Address “ Bulb Department.” W. W. RAWSON & CO., Seedsmen $2 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, - BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 156 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcTOBER, 1905 Special Clocks for Country Houses The Best Rose The 12 Best Roses THE WILLARD The 25 Best Roses | THIRTY- DAY Roses give more genuine satisfaction in pro- fusion of bloom, glorious color and delicious fra- TIME MOVEMENT grance than any other hardy shrub. A garden without roses is lacking in distinction and quality. Fully Guaranteed There are hundreds of hardy roses all having some Mahogany with Cast Gilt Trimmings merit, and it is difficult for the amateur to make a e . selection, for some are so much more vigorous 2 fo dba. clock was than others while some will do only in favored designed and made by Edw. K. Willard, a_ skilled clock-maker of Lon- don, England, in 1801. Its beauty and practical worth at- tracted the attention of an American clock manufacturer named George Worthing- ton, who was in Lon- con at the time, and, securing the ‘patent rights spots. We have had long experience in growing roses suitable for the American climate, and have selected from our extensive stock, comprising the finest collection in America, the following best all- around varieties: The Best Hardy Garden Rose Pre-eminently the best all-around hardy garden rose is KILLARNEY In color it is a delicate shell pink with fine satiny petals and an exquisite fragrance. As the flowers become mature, instead of shedding their petals as 4 for’ the do other roses, they open back and remain on the i | ( UmMited stem, making a gorgeous display and lasting for an i) ' States, he = i Killarney unusually long period. The limpid pink of this rose is unmatched, it is a“ living” pink that under artificial light assumes an intensity that fairly glows. Killarney is everblooming, flowering profusely from June until November. Strong two-year-old plants, $9.00 per doz. Strong one-year-old plants, $6.00 per doz. Special prices on larger quantities. introduced the Willard to the Amer- ican trade in THE TWELVE BEST HARDY GARDEN ROSES 1812. We Killarney, glowing light pink Frau Karl Druschki, largest pure white Mrs. Sharman - Crawford, silvery pink, Hl renow man- Alfred Colomb, rich dark crimson La France, soft violet pink shaded rose ufactu ring Mrs. John Laing, clear bright pink Maman Cochet, rosy pink ‘ Ulrich Brunner, bright cherry red co a Anna de Diesbach, large bright pink, Madam Carolina Testout, soft rosy pink Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, large creamy Phe this clock in beautiful shape American Beauty, brilliant carmine pink white } limited num- All strong two-year-old plants. The above Collection, %5.00 iereS Vises spe- THE TWENTY-FIVE BEST HARDY GARDEN ROSES cial trade. (Twelve noted above) General Jacqueminot, brilliant crimson Margaret Dickson, white flesh center Ifnot obtain- Abel Carriere, rich, velvety maroon John Hopper, fine rosy crimson Prince Camille de Rohan, deep velvety bl Captain Hayward, carmine crimson Jules Margottin, cherry red 2 crimson Z able from Duke of Edinburgh, scarlet crimson Mad. Gabriel Luizet, clear pink Paul Neyron, deep rose, very large b your local Fisher Holmes, deep glowing red Magna Charta, bright pink Victor Hugo, extra bright crimson red ta conrtall are t The above Collection, $9.50. Per hundred, 885.00 eae be 3 ClOCK Wl € THE SIX BEST CLIMBING ROSES Height, 44% in. Width, 12% in. 8-inch <2 4 care. — Crimson Rambler, fiery crimson Dorothy Perkins, double pink Dawson, the pink crimson rambler; very Silver Finished Dial full ked | Pink Roamer, bright pink, white center Ruby Queen, beautiful pink profuse 5 4 ully packe (single) Empress of China —no charge for packing—direct from our factory on } Strong three-year-old plants. The above Collection, 82.50. Two-year-old plants, 82.00 : | receipt of | There is a great advantage in buying roses that have already been planted and have become accli- PRICE, $29.00 mated. A great many losses are due to planting immature imported stock in the Spring. This can be obviated by buying established stock from an American nursery and planting now. It will become nicely Be sure you get a THIRTY-DAY established before the frost and will give a profusion of bloom next June. movement While roses are a specialty of ours, we have one of the most complete nurseries in the country, where : 5 ; We } we grow stock of only the highest quality in We have some especially attractive new Mantel Mission clocks, of which we will send illustrations TREES, SHRUBS AND HARDY P LANTS and prices on application Our hand-book, “The Beautifying of Country Homes,” describing this most complete and choicest THE NEW HAVEN CLOCK CO. of stock, will be mailed on request. Dept. L, NEW HAVEN, CONN. ° ° : Fifth Ave. and 38th St., NEW YORK Rose Hill Nurseries Siebrecht & Son Fs Ave,and 38h 5. NEW YO! Sole Manufacturers TATTOO Intermittent = - ; arm — D May be Offered You to g NEvER Suee. = : 2 x Rae : Ep Substitutes Increase Dealers’ Profits o INSIST ON HAVING THE GENUINE Sample pair, Mer. 25c, Silk 50c. Mailed on receipt of price. CUSHION BUTTON GEORGE FROST CO., Makers, Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. A. HOSE SUPPORTER LOOK oy’tverv Loop GARDEN of gorgeous bloom from earliest spring until frost, changing A its charm from month to month—this is the garden of hardy perennials. How infinitely better than the garden of tender plants such as coleus and geraniums, which three months in the year give you a gaudy spot of color and the remaining nine months an unsightly mud hole—inartistic; monotonous; costly, having to be renewed each year. The hardy garden is the garden of change, growth, succession, in which each month is glorified by its appropriate flowers. Year after year this goes on, the gaiden increasing in beauty and loveliness, practically without any expense other than that incurred the first year. You will have new flowers in gorgeous masses of color every month from April to November, with new things every day to delight you. 1 Wallcress May 1 Shasta daisy 1 False dragon head dowenasten) The Pearl Achillea JULY: Japanese Iris Gardens that Bloom from Frost to Frost Garden of Hardy | Garden of Hardy Peren-| Garden of Hardy Perennials No. 1 nials No. 2 for ——- Perennials No. 3 for $2.50 $5.00 Thirty-one Varieties | Contains all the plants offered | This otter includes all of and species of peren-| in garden No. 1, with the fol- | garden No. 2, with the fol- nials that will give a| lowing additions: succession of bloom 31 plants in No. 1 64 plants in Garden front eal no Nee April and May No. 2 April 1 Trollius (Globe flower) April and May pri 1 Doronicum plantagineum | 1 Hepatica triloba (Liver 1 Giant Cowslip excelsum (Leopards bane) Leaf) 1 Erysimum pulchellum | { Caltha palustris fl. pl. (Hedge mustard) 1 Hardy candytuft 1 Iris cristata (Crested Iris) 1 Iberis corraefolia (Hardy 1 Physostegia Verginica ro- M 1 Speedwell sea (False dragon head) (Meadow sweet) 1 Yarrow 1 Byncricum Moserianum July St. Johns wort) 5 2 ay Beardtongue 1 Chrysanthemum maxim- | 2 Japan Iris,white and la- August um Triumph (Large ox-eye vender (Iris Kaempferi) 1 Cardinal- flower daisy) 1 Veronica spicata 1 Stokesia cyanea If you are not interested in any of these collections. preferring to select your own stock, you will be interested in our finely illustrated catalogue devoted exclusively to hardy perennials. Send fora copy. J2 6: KEELER SONS Growers of Hardy Perennials We have made three ideal selections of hardy perennials from our un- equalled stock that will give a succession of bloom from frost to frost. These are carefully arranged for continuous bloom, and will save the sometimes con- fusing task of going through a catalogue and making the selection. Ad- joining these offers below are illustrated some of the flowers comprising this collection. They are arranged in the month in which they commence to bloom, but many of them continue to flower during the remainder of the season. Sooner or later you will have a hardy garden. Why not start -it this fall so that the flowers may have an early start in the spring before spring planted stock is established ? for $9.00 lowing additions: (Marsh marigold) 1 Helleborus Nigre (Christmas Rose) candytuft) 1 Leopards Bane,|1 Ranunculus acris fl. pl. | 1 Aubretia (Rock-cress) Doronicum Cau- (Double buttercup) 1 Lychnis chalcidonica = Se we) casicum June (Rose campion) AUGUST: Cardinal Flower 2 Moss pinks, Phlox | 1 Campanula persicifolia, Blanket Flower subulata (rosea blue (Bell-flower) June y False Dragon Head and alba) 1 Dictamnus fraxinella (Gas| 1 German Iris Mad. - . een 1 Trollius Asiaticus plant) Chereau (Pearly white - a w *: 1 German Iris, white or yel- dainty lavender veined) 1 Spirea low. (Fleur-de-Lis) == =——'| | Phlox Lady Musgrove ane 1 Thalictrum aquelegifolia GWihitainvithGrosea bar (Feathered Columbine) through each petal) 1 Campanula Glo-| 1 Centaurea Montana alba 5 ; morata dahurica (Hardy corn-flower) 1 Phlox Circle (White (Dark - blue| 1 Hemerocallis flava (Yellow with pink eye) clustered bell- day-lily) 1 Aconitum tauricum flower) July (Monks-hood) 1 Campanula Persi- | 2 Achillea, The Pearl (Yarrow | 2 Heuchera sanguinnea cifolia, white or Millfoil) and robusta (Alum (Bell-flower) 1 Japan as. purple (Iris root) 5 Kaempferi . 1 Sos Lets 1 Phlox paniculata, Boul-de- eS Laat 1 Oriental poppy feu (Hardy Phlox) A s 1 Mrs. Lingard|1 Phlox paniculata, Purity | | Doronicum plantagi- Phlox (Hardy Phlox) nem exccsum (Leo- ; j-| 1 Asclepia tuberosa (Butter- Paes ane ‘ MSaxiteags Pyrat fly weed) 2 Dianthus, double and |f 5 ae : 1 Pentstemon Barbatus Tor- single (Hardy clove 5 - SEPTEMBER: Spied Darcnicam July reye (Beard tongue) pinks) a “5 Japanese Anemone 1 Phlox W. Scott | ! Monarda didyma (Oswego | { Ranunculus acris fl. es 3 Boltonia TE ee Plummer tea; August pl. (Gold knots) Tae = 1 Spirea Japonica gdfl. 5 (Speedwell) Keorn 1 Hemerocallis Thum- 1 Gaillardia grandi-| 1 Eryngium amethystinum bergii (Late-fowering flora (Flea-bane) 1 eat) Pitcheri iopsis itcheria- oes 1 Holy boee spouble September nus (Orange sun- 3 eS OCTOBER pink or white 1 Anemone Queen Charlotte flower) : ; F i , as . and NOVEMBER: September Pink (Wind-flower) August : 1 Aconitum Californicum F z 3 Anemone (best (Monks-hood) 2 Campanula Carpathi- | 2 : : Pon-pon varieties ca, white and blue NS ¥ ee : Chrysanthemum 1 Boitonia October and November (Dwarf bell-flower) : : ? Z Octaberand 1 Chrysanthemum, white] 1 Helenium autumnale Japanese Rush N b (Hardy Pon-pom) (Sneeze-wort) lovember 1 Pyrethrum Uliganosum]} 1 Platycodon autumna 2 Chrysanthemum (Great Ox-eye) lis (Chinese bell- Pon-pon (Yellow | 2 Aconitum autumnale (Aco- flower) September October ana and Red) nite) 1 Saponaria caucassica 1 Helianthus Orgyalus(Grace- November 1 Eupatorium| 1 Aster Novae angliae rubra fl. pl. (Double flower- ful sun-flower) 1 Aster Sibericus (Star- (Snake-root) (Michaelmas daisy) ing bouncing bet) 1 Helianthus laetiflorus (Fine wort) : 1 Eulatia (Japan| 1 Vernonia Arkansana (Iron- | 2 Hollyhocks (Choice free-flowering single) 1 Eulalia gracillima univata tush) weed) fringed, single) 1 Echinops ritro (Globe thistle) (Graceful Japan rush) 1023 South Avenue, Rochester, New York The Season When Every Live Boy Wants a a Rifle Shotgun | Pistol - 2 . | When the-moring air sparkles with that vital unity that makes the nerves tingle and the red blood dance to the cheeks—when the autumn-tinted woods ubound in animal and bird life—that is when the “ live ” boy yeatns more than ever for the open and a gun. . ae He can have the “open,” and there is no logical reason why he should not have the gun, There are innumerable pests that play havoc with the late crops and’ are a source of much loss. Turn the boys loose with “Stevens ”—they will make short work of little marauders, and occasionally _ add to the family larder with a wild turkey or rabbit or other game. But these uses are secondary to thé great beaefit accruing to the boy’s moral character. _ President Roosevelt in a letter to General Wingate, on, August igth, 1995, said t “JT am glad that you have installed in each of four high schools a sub target rifle practice and are teaching the boys to shoot with the Krag, and 1 am pleased with the great success that you have met in this effort.” Send for our great 140-page Catalogue FREE. | / IE GO eR tS Bat SLT ONO It contains not only a full description of the famous “Stevens” Rifles For Boys Rifles, Shotguns and Pistols, but valuable information on hunt- ne ing, the proper care of firearms, notes ‘on sights, ammunition. **Stevens-Maynard Jr.”’ $3.00 ee Every loyer of outdoor life should have. it. Send us “Crack Shot,” - - - - 4.00 your name and address, enclosing two.2-cent stamps to’ cover return postage, and we will send thi§ book to you free. oo” 2 “Little Krag,” - - . 5.00 Stevens Firearms are for sale by good dealers every- id 7 ia hy ~ ~ ** Favorite, No. 17, 6.00 where. Do not accept any other make. ‘Phe name “ Stevens” is stamped on’ the barrel. : : : J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY 420 High Street = CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. ee THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK NOVEMBER Chrysanthemums Without a Greenhouse 10¢. PROPAGATING TENDER PLANTS AT HOME 1905 WINDOW GARDEN MANAGEMENT LILIES AND PHLOXES TO PLANT NOW © $1.00 a Year THE GARDEN DOVBLEDAY PAGE ® CO THE WORLDS 133-1354137 EAST 16TH ST..NEW YORK - WORK + COVANTRY LIFE > IN AMERICA: Sa 7% ise ANN up RS SAAN 5 HA NIRS ti Na ST a a pce eos ASS WES SX SS ae IAS \\“ ia TL | lhe Gartlen Magazine. Another Amateur’s House HIS greenhouse we erected for 4 man at Irvington-on-Hudson. A simple, practical lay out, with a potting house conveniently arranged and a heat- ing system that needs little attention. It is 50 feet long and 20 wide, divided in two compartments fo. different temperatures. Just the right size house not to be a care and rob him of the joy of it. In one side he grows violets, carnations, chrysanthemums and the gamut of flowers that resent coddling—the other side, roses. After these Rave seen their best days, follow tomatoes, melons and ‘‘ kindred tribes.’’ BURNHAM-HITCHINGS-PIERSON COMPAN The house runs north and south, so the coldframes were placed on the eastern side facing the south. Here he grows Swiss chard for greens all the year around—has radishes, lettuce, parsley, etc., till first of February. He does a lot of things, and does them so easily and is so enthusiastic that he has given to us of his experience, and we have given it to you in **§.S.’’ our booklet on Starting a Small Greenhouse. ‘“P_ P.’’ on the Pleasure and Profit of Coldframes. We want you to have one or both. } GREENHOUSE MANUFACTURERS AND BUILDERS 1133 Broadway, Corner 26th Street, NEW YORK BOSTON BRANCH, 819 Tremont Building DREER’S Reliable Hardy Bulbs and Plants for present planting Nowhere else in this country can you get such a large variety of Hardy Bulbs and Plants as from us. If you have not a copy of our autumn catalogue we will send you one on application. Special for October and November Planting Strong clumps Lily of the Valley for outdoor planting, ready for immediate delivery. $2.50 per dozen; $18.00 per 100. HENRY A. DREER, ouittabereia, ea. | James Vick’s Sons The Cream of the Best For Spring Flowers in the SEE open ground select from the bulbs, etc., mentioned for the most satisfactory and subsequent permanent results. trouble. In fact you do the planting, ROCHESTER, N.Y. Nature accomplishes the balance. We If you have not mention a few here, but only the most desir- BODY Cseus able. No garden, qrite shady spot or lawn, is half begun if the odor and ie simplicity of the hardy flowers do not lend their charms to the scene. The Pioneer Bulb Mer- chants of the Eastern States 362 MAIN ST., They cause no woodland walk or drive, NOW Hyacinths, single or double mixed colors $0.65 per doz. Tulips, single or double mixed colors 1.00 per 100 Narcissus, single and double, including ‘‘ Grand- mother’s ”’ Daffodil, the most popular favorite 1.25 per 100 Crocus, c=e of the earliest flowers, in separate colors ‘or in mixture, containing a general proportion -40 per 100 Snowdrops, the first Harbingers of Spring 1.00 per roo Scilla Siberica, a pendant flower of the most intense blue—a perfect mate for Crocus and Snowdrop 2.00 per 100 Iris, the Flag Flower. For shady and moist spots these are wonderfully adapted. We have an immense col- lection, of our own grow ing, of the choicest German and Japanese sorts in superb mixture. Try afew at 1.00 per doz. REMEM BE R—That regardless oj these special prices a coupon ts enclosed, with orders amounting to $1.00 or more, for these goods and entitling purchaser to 25 cents worth uf Seeds to be selected from our Garden and Floral Guide for 1906. NOVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 157-b A Home Furnished With Books Can you imagine a more delightful life than days spent outdoors in the Indian summer preparing for fall and winter, trimming shrubbery, raking lawns, setting out bulbs, and then indoors before the fireplace, under the green shade of the lamp, with a shelf of books at your elbow to pass away the long evenings? Talk about the simple life! But this is the well-rounded life, body and mind both alert, employed and happy. As for the books which should be a part of the furniture of every home, here are a round dozen new ones, eight just published, and four that have already found friends. These books are especially selected for their appeal to the readers of THE GARDEN MaGa- ZINE. All lovers of Making a Home The Country Home By E. P. Powell. With many half-tone illustrations. Cloth, 12mo. Postpaid, $1.69; net, $1.50. This is a practical book that no person seeking to make a home in the country can afford to be without. The book takes up the problem of establishing one’s self in the country specifically under the following headings: Selecting a Homestead, Grow- ing a House, Water Supply, Lawns, Or- chard, Strawberries, Grapes, Flowers, Truck Garden, The Insects, The Animals, The Beautiful and the Useful, etc. The en- thusiasm of the writer and his appreciation of all the beauties of the country make this book pleasantreading forevery nature lover. The Care of a Home The Complete Housekeeper By Emily Holt, author of ‘‘ Encyclope- dia of Etiquette.’’ Nine Illustrations, Cloth, 12mo. Postpaid, $1.76; net, $1.60. It gives you in anutshe!1 the simplest and best solu- tion of all housekeeping problems; an A-B-C of household management for every-day use, sure to prove infinitely useful to the woman at the head of the house, whether experienced or not. Kitchen Con- veniences; Repairs and Restoration; Concerning Closets; House-Cleaning ; In the Laundry; Cleaning of China; Glassand Metal ; Keeping Things; Four- footed Friends; Pets and Poultry; Lawn and Gar- den, Greenhouse, Window Gardens and House Plants; Plumbing and Sanitation; The Water- supply; Lighting and Heating; Sick-room and Nursing; Bleaches, Disinfectants and Insecticides ; Healing Simples; The Family Sewing; Plain Sewing. Home Work Outdoors The Orchard and Fruit Garden By E. P. Powell. Illustrated. Post- paid, $1.68; net, $1.50. This second volume in the Country Home Library deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit-bearing treesand bushes. Every known variety of fruit that grows in America isconsidered. General advice as to the nature, excellencies and defects of each fruit is given,anda list of those likely to do best in vari- ous localities, with many valuable hints on cultivation. More Work Outdoors The Flower Garden Ida D. Bennett. Forty-seven illustrations. Cloth, rzmo. Postpaid, $2.17; net, $2.00. No branch of flower raising is overlooked in this book. Itisa complete guide, treating of indoor gar- dens—window boxes, household plants, water gardens, etc.—as well as of the usual outdoor plots. Itis espe- cially practical, clear and simple, and is full of useful suggestions out of the author’s own experience. The following are some of the chapter heaaings: The Location and Arrangement of the Garden: Seeds; Fertilizers; Purchasing of Seeds ; Transplanting and Repotting; Outside Window Boxes; Vines; Ornamental Foli- age; Plants from Seed; Aquatics; The Care of the Summer Rose-bed; The Hardy Lily- bed ; Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting ; Winter Protection ; The Care of House Plants in Winter; Common English Names of Flowers; Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubsand Plants; A Chap- ter of Odds and Ends; A Chapter of Don’ts. outdoors are lovers A Delightful Trip @ v from Home My Friend the Chauffeur By C. N. and A. M. William- son, the authors of ‘The Lightning Conductor’? and ‘“*The Princess Passes.”’ Illus- trated. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Every man and woman whose soul has felt and responded to the heart-throbs of a motor, who knows its sighs and sobs, its litle ailments and its great strength, will find that ‘‘ My Friend the Chaufteur”’ breathes the spirit of automobiling. Al! those who have had experience in or hope to enjoy foreign travel, picturesque scenery, quaint towns and ancient castles, may take delight in these things under the guidance of ‘‘ My Friend the Chauffeur.” All those who like a good love story, well told, will enjoy ‘‘ My Friend the Chauffeur.”’ One of the Problems of the Home The Work of Our Hands By H. A. Mitchell Keays, author ot ‘‘He that Eateth Bread with Me.’’ $1.50 The story is of a sweet young woman of poor family brough: up in a strictly orthodox and God-fearing atmosphere who marries the son of the millionaire of her town. He is no more honest or more kind to his employes than he need be; and the drama of the story develops when the young wife uses his money to alleviate the misery of his poor mill workers, ard attempts to make him realize that money is meant to assist people; not to aid incrushing them down. The strength of the story comes from the typical humanity of the characters and the truth and force of the situations. The Home of Our Boyhood Back Home By Eugene ;Wood. Illustrated by A. B. Frost: Cloth, 12mo. $1.50. It’s a book about the way things used to be when you went barefoot with a rag around your stubbed toe. It.will make you chuckle all the time; it will make you laugh out loud once ina while, and sometimes it will make a lump come in your throat and the tears come in your eyes—happy tears. A Home of Strange People The Pang-Yanger By Elma A. Travis, M.D. $1.50. The story concerns Abijah Bead and his love for Barbara Hunt, a Southern girl of deeply passionate nature and strong moral courage. A second thread enters into the plot in the shape of a woman who married Abijah secretly when he. was young, and deserted him and their boy for a man whom she thought richer, trusting, to escape the consequences, to the fact that all the witnesses to her union with Abijah were dead. Abijah brings the little boy back to the village, that his re- semblance to his mother shall reveal her story and be a witness to her shame. The author has developed the dramatic possi- bilities of this plot admirably; giving, in cidentallv, a delightful picture of the elemental people of his Catskill com- munity, Pang-Yang. McClure, Phillips & Co. 44 East 23rd Street New York of good books. The Country on Horseback The Horse in America By John Gilmer Speed. With sixteen illustrations, two in color. Net, $2.30; postpaid, $2.50. It gives a brief account of the progeni- tors of the horse, and then takes up every breed for which our country has becn noted — Kentucky and Denmark sadde horses, Clay Araliias, Morgans, mules, thoroughbrecs, etc. The chapters on ““How to Buy a Horse,’’ ‘‘ The Stable and Its Management,’’ ‘‘ Riding and Driving,” ‘‘ Training Horses vs. Breaking Them,” are full of first-hand knowledge every horse owner will appreciate. Mr. Speed is a practical horse breeder whose expert assistance has frequently been sought by the United States Government. The Country on Foot Portfolio of Bird Portraits By Bruce Horsfall. With notes by W. E. D. Scott. In twelve colors. In box, net, $4.00. Separate prints 50cents each. Mr. Bruce Horsfall has drawn the p. ~traits in his portfolio directly from the birds as he Las observed them at large in Mr. Scott’s aviary. ‘These pictures, therefore, have an exceptional interest and authen- ticity which pictures of birds heretofore made, as a rule from stuffed specimens only, do not possess. The eight plates include those birds with which we are most familiar, such as the robin, meadow. lark, the bluejay, the wood-thrush, brown thrasher, star- ling, bobolink and catbird. Outdoor Play The Complete Golfer By Harry Vardon. With fifty photo- graphs of Mr. Vardon playing charac- teristic strokes of the game. Postpaid, $3-67; net, $3.50. Mr. Vardon goes into the subject with a thorough- ness that begins with the very position of the hands on the club, and overlooks no fine point in the player’s progress, from the hitting of the ball to the strategy of the game. The stance for every stroke with every club is indicated and illustrated with a photograph anda diagram of foot placements and distances between the ball, head of the club and feet. Indoor Play Foster’s Complete Bridge By R. F. Foster, author of ‘‘ Whist Tac- tics,’’ with many diagrams. Net, $2.00 This is a complete manual on Bridge Whist by America’s leacing Bridge ex- pert. It will serve as an introduction to the game for the beginner, but it also treats extendedly of the finer points of play for the benefit of the more experi- enced. The author makes his directions for the proper leads very clear by a new and ingenious arrangement of diagrams, through which the playing of sample hands is indicated. 158 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 = |HERE is just one living author whose | new poems are news events to be cabled to every quarter of the civ- lized world; a short story by whom is dis- cussed as is a long novel by other writers; who has challenged comparison with the best of English literature in novels, tales, and poetry ranging through the whole gamut: indeed, it 1s safe to say that Mr. Kipling 1s the one man writing to-day whom every reader must know in order to have an intel- ligent idea of the intellectual world-currents of his time. RUDYARD KIPLING RUDYARD KIPLINGS WORKS Traffics and Discoveries - - gS Pot aG{o) Life’s Handicap . . 2 Smee Sres © The Five Nations. (Postage 14 ene) NEP + «1-40 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Just So Stories. eee T2ecentss) ae Niet ea TO Wee Willie Winkie . . . 1.50 Just So Song Book ae rman). Postpaid - + + + 1.32 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gash aed th Kine a “hustle CN i A oe es eae) Black and White- . Stalky (Co hi eigen sa eae ce Ga pene Soldier Stories, //lustrated dhe Dass Wot aay cmon The Kipling Birthday Book - . The Brushwood Boy, jie by (one ere eeSO The Nemieniea (Gen nisleow Balestier) From Sea to Sea.- ~- 2.00 , Seed Departmental Ditties anal Ballads eae Bae oro even Seas ( Appleton). Ballads, Revised Edition . .- Bel rae td, SICKO) Many Inventions (Appleton) - S18 yaa a a Plain Tales from the Hills, pee Edition o- 6) @ - WoS{O) Jungle Books (Century) - - . . + 2-vols., each The Light That Failed, Revised Edition - - - + 1.50 Captain Courageous (Century) - Shoe ae With the exception of the titles specified these volumes are published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 133-137 East 16th Street NEW YORK CITY NOVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THE: TALK: OF -THE - OFFICE: STRIKES, DELAYS, AND COMPLAINTS HE last few weeks have brought hun- dreds of complaints because of the non- receipt of magazines. ‘There have been sev- eral reasons for this: During September the drivers of the New York mail wagons went out on strike, and for several weeks magazines were delayed. For instance, the mail of a certain Friday, Saturday and Monday (to complete which the bindery worked nights) was still in the city on Monday night, there being no wagons to haul the magazines to the trains. Many publishers offered to deliver the mail direct to the trains, but the red tape of the Postofiice Department, based on the laws of many years, does not per- mit this, the result being that hundreds of subscribers complained that their magazines were not sent promptly or not sent at all, the proof offered being that the October issues of our magazines were on sale at the news- stands. We wish to say now that all sub- scribers’ copies are sent from our office to reach the subscriber at the date when pub- lication is made through the newsstands. ON JANUARY I, 1906 weare looking forward to a possible strike, and we may then have to ask our advertisers and readers to bear with us. The Typographical Union, which controls the typesetting of most offices in New York, has made certain de- mands which the employers’ union—in this case ‘The Typothet”’—are unwilling to ac- cede to. This may affect our February num- bers, and we speak of the matter thus far in advance so that our readers may know that everything is being done that can be done to prepare for the great misfortune of a strike, if it should come, and that they shall be put to no more inconvenience than is absolutely necessary. ERRORS ABOUT 2 PER CENT. OF COMPLAINTS For some years we have been carefully building up a Complaint Department, where all difficulties in connection with any sort of complaint are carefully attended to. Of the total letters of complaint received we have now worked down the average error on our part to be about 2 per cent. of the whole, and we are hoping to very much reduce this per- centage. What often appears to be bad management or carelessness is sometimes the “To business that we love we rise betime { And go to’t with delight.”—A xtony and Cleopatra. result of causes entirely beyond our control. For instance, every Christmas we replace hundreds of numbers taken by the janitors of apartments, the Christmas issue being the number most admired by certain classes of people who borrow from the mail without notification to the addressee. The burden of our song is this: If anything does not go right in our dealings together let us know the fault fully after you have allowed a few days of grace for the delays in mail, for a great many of our troubles are smoothed out by letters which cross each other. We cannot promise to make no mistakes, but we can and do promise courteous and prompt attention to any dissatisfaction brought to our attention. ‘Guntry Life | in America Cover for November—from a piotograph A $4 MAGAZINE FOR $3 Beginning in February, the price of Coun- try Life in America will be raised to $4 a year; at the same time the magazine will be en- larged and improved. Orders may be sent now at the rate of $3 a year or $6 for two years. The price of single numbers will be 35 cents, except the double numbers, which will be 50 cents as before. 159 ? A ““GARDEN MAGAZINE” GOLD MEDAL This magazine is going to give itself the pleasure of presenting a gold medal now and then to a person who accomplishes some- thing of interest or value to horticulturists. Messrs. Tiffany & Company are preparing such a medal, which we shall send to Mr. Thomas Murray, of Tuxedo Park, N. Y. who has succeeded in growing the fringed gentian from seed. This is a notable and most delightful achievement. A full account of its successful working out will appear in the Christmas number of THE GARDEN MacGazine. At the holiday season the gar- den is supposed to be dead and perhaps for- gotten, but the editor in this Christmas issue does not accept this view. Here are some of the articles which will help to make the Christmas number notable: House Plants fer Christmas. A Home Planted for Winter. Gardening Books for Christmas Presents. The Secret of the Fringed Gentian Solved. Raising Hardy Chrysanthemums from Seed. Wonderful Californian Flowers. Saving Specimen Trees from the Woods. An Amateur’s Cactus Garden. Redeeming a City Back Yard. and a great many short articles on notable achievements in gardening. THE SUBSCRIPTION SEASON THE GARDEN Macazine has never had the good fortune to have seen what we call the “Subscription Season,’ namely the months of November, December and January, having only been started in February, 1905. Our readers can help us to make the next four months a season of rare achievement by doing one or all of the following things: 1. Recommend the magazine to friends who are interested in the subjects treated in The Garden Magazine. 2. Give subscriptions for Christmas presents. 3. Become an authorized agent to receive and forward subscriptions. The price, $1 a year, includes two double 25-cent numbers—the two planting issues, fall and spring. FALL BOOKS We call special attention to the list of fall books on page 189 of the magazine. There are several very important and beautiful vol- umes announced which will particularly in- terest the readers of this magazine. 160 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 ardy Lilies for Fall Planting LL Lilies are better for fall planting, but sometimes A many varieties of Japanese Lilies do not arrive before |__| the ground freezes up. ‘There is one method, how- 3333! ever, by which they can be planted late in November or in December, and that is to cover the ground in which they are to be planted, before it freezes, with eight or twelve inches of stable manure. This will prevent the ground from freez- ing, and the manure can be removed and the lilies planted upon their arrival. We will not deliver any varieties of lilies which do not arrive until after hard freezing weather until spring, unless instructed otherwise. We re-pack in sand lilies arriving too late for fall delivery and store in a cold cellar until spring, when they are delivered as early as possible. Liltum Superbum If there is a more satisfactory lily or hardy plant of any kind than our splendid native Superbum Lily we don’t know it. Either in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be sur- passed. In good soil it will grow eight feet high and pro- duce twenty to thirty of its beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in the garden is not over plentiful. For vigor and reliability it is unequalled. Ten years ago we planted several hundred in a rough part of the grounds of one of our customers. [hey have been allowed to take care of them- selves ever since and take their chance with the grass and other wild plants that have tried to crowd them out, but there are more of them and they were finer this season than ever before. We have secured a very large stock of extra selected bulbs, which we offer at specially low prices for immediate delivery. 12 for $1.50 25 for $2.50 100 for $8.00 250 for $17.00 500 for $30.00 1,000 for $55.00 JAPANESE LILIES Longiflorum Lilies are ready in October; the other varieties we expect to receive early in November Per Doz. 100 Auratum. 8 to 9 inches . ; ; : : : . $0.90 $6.50 : ‘i g to 11 inches . ‘ : ; ; : ; . 1.50 1:.0c0 _o > , Egon ” : 11 to 13 inches . ; 2.50 18.00 =e Rho en : QGALZINE, 11 to 13 inches, selected bulbs : : 3-00 21.00 Longiflorum. ake Longiflorum has large, pure white, trumpet- the easiest culture, and worthy of general planting on Per Doz. _ x00 shaped flowers like the Bermuda Easter Lily, but is perDoz. 100 account of its stately habit and fine effect in the landscape $0.60 $4.00 perfectly hardy. 5 to 7 inches . : : ; . £ .50 $3.00 ee 1 : : ‘| Gatomeominches ; ; : : : ; cs stare Tigrinum splendens. lmproved Single Tiger Lily . . .65 4.50 7 to 9g inches 3 : : ; : : : aL OOM FOO g to 10 inches : : ; : 1.60 12.00 NATIVE LILIES Speciosum album. 8 to 9 inches : F é ; . 1.50 10.50 Ready for immediate delivery g to 11 inches 5 ‘ : : : : : . 2.50 18.00 : : : tr to 13 inches : : t , i : : . 3.50 25.00 Canadense flavum. Our dainty, beautiful Lily; graceful and Speciosum Melpomene. Similar to Rubrum, but more charming yellow flowers. : 2 c ; 6 Ud) 7 O) brilliant. 7 to 9 inches 1.35 9.00 Canadense rubrum. Red flowers. A most lovely and graceful g to 10 inches f : : C : ; : . 1.7§ 12.00 lily. Fine for planting in the grassof orchardsormeadows 1.00 7.00 Speciosum rubrum, or roseum. Pink. 8 to 9 inches . 1.35 9.00 Canadense Mixed. 2 . . : . : . - .85 6.00 g to 12 inches ‘ 1.75 12.00 Carolinianum. The only fragrant native lily : : . 2.50 16.00 Monster bulbs ° . . : . - 2.25 16.00 Grayi. A small native lily; very dainty and rare. The bulbs Tigrinum flore pleno. Double Tiger Lily. The only double are quite small . : . . each, 30 cents 3.00 lily worth growing : : : . : 5 aff) Ba6L0) Philadelphicum. Orange-red, with black spots . : 5 Ue) © 7O) We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Pzonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, including extra large specimens, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees and Shrubs will be sent on request. “© A Plea for Hardy Plants,”’ by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy 5 ; Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrange- ments with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. New customers are requested to send references or remittances with their orders PITTSBURG, PA. Particulars on request. Vor IS No. 4 PUBLISHED MONTHLY NOVEMBER, 1905 f§ ONE DOLLAR A YEAR (Ten CENTS A Copy The Gardener’s Reminder . ; , . 161 Campaigning with Chrysanthemums J.N. Gerard 162 Propagating Plants at Home James T. Scott 164 A Home-Made Propagating Device L. J. Doogue 166 All the Species of Phlox worth Cultivating Leonard Barron 167 Photographs by J. Horace McFarland Co., except Nos. 241, 245 by Henry Troth, and Nos. 243 and 244 D. M. Andrews Withelm Miller, Editor Cover design by J. Horace McFarland Co. Contents How to Make New Varieties M.J.TIorns 170 Growing the Luscious European Grape I. L, Powell 172 Photographs by A. R. Dugmore and Henry Troth The Incomparable Japanese Lilies Wilhelm Miller 174 Photographs by Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, except No. 265 by O. V. Lange, and No. 266 by S. Atterbury PAGE Ever Beautiful Window Plants Millie F. Lupton 178 Things We Want to Know 180 The Best Trellis for Tomatoes Albert R. Mason 180 Wintering Tender Plants in Window Boxes S. T. Orchard 182 The California Garden in Winter ; Ernest Braunton 184 Doubleday, Page §F Company, 133-137 East 16th St., New York COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE 4 COMPANY. ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER, JANUARY 12, 1905, AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N.Y., UNDER THE ACT OF CONGRESS, MARCH 3, 1879 [For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York city is generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude. ] Are the Big Things Done? ieee you planted your bulbs for outdoor and indoor bloom? They deteriorate every day after November 15th. Any time before the ground freezes it is safe and convenient to plant hardy trees, shrubs, vines, fruit trees and berry bushes— not evergreens, peaches or the other risky things mentioned in the Fall Planting (Octo- ber number). October and November are the big months for planting lily bulbs. Too late for peonies; not for phlox and iris. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN Plow the garden, if practicable, and turn under all the manure you can get. This is about the only time one can spare for trenching and subsoiling. They are costly but permanent improvements. Burn all weeds, so that they may not come up next year. Cut off asparagus tops and burn those with berries on them, as the seeds may sprout where they are not wanted. Mulch with two or three inches of rough manure. Cover spinach with coarse straw or, better, with gleanings from the horse stable. STORING VEGETABLES Pull up cabbages and pack them closely in a dry spot, with their heads below ground and roots above. In December heap up earth as high as the roots, or if the soil is not light cover with leaves. North of Virginia celery for winter use should be stored before December. Dig up the plants, roots and all, and stand them close together in a narrow trench, the tops level with the ground. Cover them with boards and a little earth. As the weather gets colder, put on more earth and some manure. If you have a root house or damp barn cellar, you can set the celery upright on the floor, so that the roots will keep moist and the tops dry. Celery to be used before Christmas can be left outdoors, but must be covered if a cold snap threatens. It can stand ro° of frost, but nothing below 22° F. Beets and carrots keep best in pits. Put some in the cellar for winter use, but cover with sand or sods to prevent shriveling. THE FRUIT GARDEN Small and lately planted trees must be staked and tied with a broad band. Cut out all dead limbs of fruit trees, ‘‘suckers’”’? and limbs that rub together. You will have no time next spring. If the fruit trees are growing too tall and spindly, cut off the top limbs to make the tree spread out. Don’t leave any old grass or other mulch around the bases of trees for field mice to nest in. They will eat the bark from the tree close to the ground if it is a hard winter. After the first hard freeze (which will send the field mice to their permanent winter quar- ters) raise a little mound of earth around the stem for protection against mice. Cover strawberries two inches deep with hay or straw, not this year’s autumn leaves. If you are afraid that your blackberries are not hardy, lay the plants down and cover the tips lightly with soil. LAWN AND GROUNDS Top dress lawns with fine compost or scrapings of barnyard. Tie straw around the rose bushes. Put boards up on the north and west sides of boxwood hedges, if they are exposed to heavy winds and winter sunshine. Burn all dead stalks and other matter not used for mulching, in order to kill weed seeds and disease germs. LATITUDE OF RICHMOND The Southern planting season for trees, shrubs, evergreens, vines, fruits and hardy roses begins in November and reaches its climax in January. Wheat, rye, barley, timothy and vetch can still be sown, but the earlier the better. Sow Canada field peas. Set out lettuce and cabbage plants that are to stay outdoors all winter. Sow lettuce and cabbage in coldframes. Set out asparagus roots and strawberry plants. Plant Dutch bulbs. Sow lawn grass seed, the earlier the better. 220. The profusion of blooms that a bush-grown chrysanthemum will give is a revelation. The large-flowered chrysanthemum is hardy, but it is well to protect from wind and excessive cold if a long season of bloom is wanted giant flower. The florist pinches off all shoots but one, which therefore develops a Campaigning with Chrysanthemums—By J. N. Gerard *% CONFESSIONS OF AN AMATEUR WHO GREW A COLLECTION OF LARGE-FLOWERED VARIETIES OUTDOORS BEFORE THE CHRYSANTHEMUM CRAZE BEGAN—FIVE- AND SIX-INCH FLOWERS WITHOUT A GREENHOUSE T HAS always seemed to me that the cul- ture of the chrysanthemum has been car- ried in the wrong direction by the amateur as well as the florist. The chrysanthemum is a hardy plant, marvelously responsive to good treatment, easily grown by anyone who has the ordinary understanding of gardening, \ yet it has been nursed, coddled, ‘and grown in heat, and the consequence has been that our notions are all warped and we have an artificial and wrong point of view. People are not satisfied with anything short of a great ball of a flower of regular form on the top of a rigid stem fur- nished with coarse leaves. These mammoth flowers are undeniably evidences of skilful cultivation, and I can look on them with ad- miration. They have their decorative value, too—in some cases—but the majority of man- kind does not live in great apartments, and mere bulk does not always satisfy. Being somewhat wedded to my idols, I have a prejudice in favor of growing hardy plants in the open; and, not being a showman or a dealer, I fail to understand the joy of laboring over my plants to produce flowers on the florist’s standards. Anyone who knows chrysanthemums knows that they are flowers of infinite variety, both of form and coloring as well as of gracefulness and ugliness. Until one has grown a col- lection of chry santhemums one never realizes Photographs by the author what abundance of flowers means. Certainly no other plant with the same care will produce such a mass of really useful flowers in such infinite variety of size, shape and coloring. There seems to be among amateurs a revival of interest in the pompon section, the small flowers of which are less susceptible to frost than the larger blooms, but I see very limited collections of the old forms which used to delight me when I followed the fad in the early eighties; and none of the glass-protected flowers seem to me to possess the virile beauty of those grown in the open and seen in the bright October days with coolness in the air. John Thorpe, of pleasant memory, first showed me how much ‘‘ wood” and how many flowers could be had from a small slip during a single season. I never had a garden lesson which stung me more quickly and effectively, and it was not long before I was growing severai hundred plants in the open— and grow they did in the full sense of the word, for a chrysanthemum is a gross feeder, and, providing the roots are right, will give an account of every ounce of nutriment fed to it, such as few other plants will. It is probably for this ‘‘easiness” that the real hide-bound amateur hardy plantsman will have none of them. At first I grew the plants in pots, and some in a flat, from which they were transferred in 162 the fall to the south side of the dwelling, they suffering little by transfer. About the middle of October it was my custom to build a frame of light scantling, on top of which were placed either coldframe sashes or tarred paper. As the weather became colder a curtain of burlap protected the front at night. With care in watering, the flowers would keep well into November. Of course the place was exposed as much as possible, as plants coddled or warmed up become tender. Later, as my collection enlarged, I protected it by a tent some 30 x 16 feet, with a height of 14 feet at the ridge. The air in this was modified and kept in circulation by hot-water pipes heated from an adjacent cellar. Here care was also taken to keep flowers as cool as possible by reefing up side curtains whenever feasible. The most strenuous gardening I have ever done was in keeping this tent on earth when the winds blew and the rains de- scended. THE SIMPLE REQUIREMENTS Really, there is no difficulty in the cultiva- tion of a healthy chrysanthemum plant. It should have good drainage and be in good soil in the first place, and after this it is a simple question of how much manure of various kinds you can give it, with attention to watering. asl = S = ee 221. By pinching out the tip of the main stem when it is well started a plant like this is produced. You thus get fairly large flowers. Florists allow only the main stem to grow, producing only one flower An observant gardener can tell of course by the color and general appearance of the foliage whether the plant is assimilating proper nutriment or whether to let up or to give some quick-acting fertilizer. That is a matter of experience, not book knowledge. Naturalists tell us that the atmosphere is full of the spores of fungi. This is a fact which is usually borne in on the cultivator some day in late August, when a cold dash of rain will start fungus beautifully on the leaves of the chrysanthemum. For this the 223. Chrysanthemums of all sorts can be grown in this way, and their variety is remarKable. growing that hundreds of beautiful forms and colors which, however, won't ship well, are now rarely seen. frosts after the tender plants have been Killed THE GARDEN MAGAZINE cultivator must ever be on the lookout, and at once wage war with the sulphur bag or bellows. Aphides there will be for the untidy, careless cultivator. I have grown my share, but offer no excuses for such easily reduced foes. Tobacco dust or kerosene emulsion will conquer them, but it is generally best to use the former late in the season. Successful chrysanthemum culture, even outdoors, where we do not seek to raise the ex- hibition blooms, means a deal of attention to the growing plants. Of course, while his plants are growing the cultivator will judiciously thin out superfluous growths and cut back, to pro- duce the number of stems which he thinks are proper for his plant. That is a matter for individual judgment and taste. When the first cool days of fall arrive the chrysanthe- mum man can keep fairly warm walking around his plants as he judiciously dis- buds, a matter which requires taste and experience. If one is not an enthusiast on large flowers there is huge satisfaction to be got from the fine effects of sprays, with less rigor of disbudding. You may take your choice—it’s small flowers in abundance or a very few large blooms. To me distinct- ness of form and good coloration are more important than great size, while rigidity of stem is not a line of beauty. The picture of small plants which have been rather thor- oughly disbudded for large flowers does not fascinate me. But it is one of the great real charms of gardening that each one of us may indulge his own pet fancy without causing offense to others, and we are all content to have in our neighbors’ gardens what we would not tolerate in our own. Therefore let me have my chrysanthemums with plenty of flowers. There is no disguising the fact that the grower of late fall flowers like the chrysanthe- mum requires certain qualities of vigor and enthusiasm not too generally distributed, but 163 222. If pinched earlier the plant would be more bushy without the straight stem atthe bottom. By pinch- ing the secondary shoots about August lst, you get still more but smaller flowers the results are profitable and the work need not be necessarily harassing. At this time, when the cultivation of the chrysanthemum is usually conducted on commercial lines, the cultivator with taste has a chance to show his individuality by selecting and growing the less-known kinds and working up a fall show certain to attract the attention and apprecia- tion of real flower fanciers. If one cannot grow masses one might devote himself to producing a dozen or two large plants in pots. Such plants well grown are as useful as they are ornamental. The commercial florist’s ideals have so dominated chrysanthemum Nothing else gives so many flowers during the early Propagating Plants at Home—By James T. Scott HOW THE AMATEUR WITHOUT “A GREENHOUSE New York MAY SAVE HIS SUMMER FLOWERING AND DECORATIVE PLANTS INSTEAD OF LETTING THE FROST KILL THEM—MULTIPLYING GERANIUMS, BEGONIAS, COLEUS AND FLOWERING MAPLES Wate the approach of cold weather the amateur is puzzled as to how the tender plants outdoors can be cared for during the winter. Some of the plants that have been flowering outdoors all summer can be taken up bodily and removed indoors, but this cannot be done in all cases. Propa- gation therefore becomes a necessity, though the fall of the year is perhaps not the very best time to increase the supply of house plants. ke Lei NS 220. One of the wonders of plant life—you can propagate a Rex begonia by leaf cuttings. First, slit the leaf like this The professional gardener, with plenty of greenhouses, does not find these things particularly bothersome, but even the amateur without these aids need not despair; he can attain a fair measure of success in an ordinary living room if it is warm, airy and not dried out by overheating. Certain plants, such as tender roses, carnations, crotons, are difficult to grow elsewhere than in a green- house, as they are continually attacked by aphis and red spider. THE EVER-POPULAR GERANIUM Geraniums are perhaps the best known, and on the whole the most useful, of all house and bedding plants, and it is easy to keep a supply of your favorite variety for next year. It does not really pay to lift the old plants from the open border, although they may be taken up and hung up in the cellar, out of frost, to start up again next spring. A much better way is to select the well- ripened tips of the shoots now and make cuttings. There are various ways of treating the cuttings, each grower having his own particu- lar method, and it is usually a delicate matter to tell anyone that he is wrong. Sometimes cuttings are put into the earth or sand, with every leaf cut off except the few small ones on the growing tip, and the cuttings are packed in “as thick as hair on a dog’s back.” - I think this is a disadvantage for the cuttings, and they are sure to become weakened. They present a wretched appearance for months, and it is questionable if the plants ever get over this preliminary crowding. Photographs by Luke J. Doocue The ideal cutting should be about three inches long, short jointed and firm. Two or three fully developed leaves should be left. The others—and also the bracts and flower buds—should be broken off close to the stem. When carelessly cut off the portion of the leaf stalk left behind usually decays, and many of the failures and much of the ‘damping off”? can be traced to this. ‘“‘Damping off” is a rot that kills the young plants before they are properly rooted. Have your knife sharp and do not squeeze it through, nor yet make a long, diagonal cut, as if whittling a stick. Hold the portion that is to be a cutting with the thumb and fore- finger of the left hand, place against it the thumb of the right hand (which holds the knife) and then draw the blade through the stem. Commence with the base of the 221. Then you lay the leaf down in a box of sand. (It is best to baKe the sand to Kill the ‘‘ damping off’’ fungus) blade and draw toward the point. Do not let the edge of the blade strike the middle of your thumb. This disfigures your thumb and bruises the cutting, as it is squeezed between the blade and the thumb. When the thumb is merely used to steady the cutting and the blade drawn through, so as to come out at the side of the thumb, the disfiguring and bruising are avoided. Geran- iums may root readily with less care, but the principle of making a cutting holds good in other things, and the geranium is a good steady plant for the amateur to begin on as practice. If it is desired to have a large quantity of geraniums the cuttings must be put into boxes or flats, which should be two and one- half or three inches deep, and any length and width that may be desired so long as they can be conveniently handled. ‘They must have holes in the bottom for drainage, just as is done for window boxes. Cover the 164 bottom with a thin layer of leaf soil or light turf, and on top of this about two inches of clean sand. STRIKING THE CUTTINGS Sand is the best medium for use in propa- gating—the cleaner the better. A cutting, having no roots, if placed in material con- taining decaying organic matter is liable to be attacked by disease. Place the cuttings in the sand about one and one-half inches deep and two inches apart each way, and make the sand quite firm around each one. After the box is full soak thoroughly with water, and place in the sash bed or window. Shade with a newspaper for a day or two, and in from three weeks to a month your cuttings will have roots and require stronger nourishment. One good soaking is usually sufficient watering until the roots appear. But give a light spraying on bright days to prevent undue evaporation. This keeps the leaves fresh. As soon as well rooted the cuttings should be potted up in small pots or boxed over again in fairly fertile but light soil. Water carefully until well established, and never allow the young plant to flower until it has an abundance of roots. Other plants which can be treated in the same way are: Heliotrope, ageratum, bego- nia, alyssum, cuphea, fuchsia, alternan- theria, salvia, abutilon, hibiscus. The coleus wants a closer, more humid, ee) The leaves throw out roots at the places where they come in contact with the wet sand 222. In a few weeks you get new plants springing from the old leaves. A joy to children 223. NOVEMBER, 1905 224. Never set out inthe spring an old geranium plant that has been in the cellar all winter or you will get leggy, straggling plants, like half-grown roosters. Watch this old stump atmosphere, and if possible more heat. This can be secured by covering with a bell glass, or the flats may be surrounded and covered with panes of glass, thus forming a complete case. A coleus will root in from seven to ten days in a dwelling house, but if the cuttings once get thoroughly wilted they will never recover. Tf only a few plants are needed, two and one- half or three-inch pots can be used instead of flats. Use leaf mold and sand, the same as in the window boxes, and _ insert the cuttings so as just to touch one another around the edge of each pot, and the same treatment as described above holds good in every other respect. PLANTS THAT GROW FROM LEAVES There are a few plants which can be readily propagated from leaves. Of these the most useful are rex begonias, gloxinias, umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) and peperomias. The leaves of the Rex begonia can be cut into pieces, each piece having one or more of the larger nerves or veins. Fill a shallow box or flower pot with sand, just as you would do for the geraniums, and stick the end of the leaf fragment into this in the same way as you would put in any other cut- ting. It does not matter if they are crowded together. In due time bulbils will form at the end of each vein or midrib, and very soon roots and young leaves will develop. When these little plants are large enough they may be lifted out of the cutting box and put into small pots, singly, using a light soil. Pepper elders (Peperomia) and gloxinias must have a part of the leaf stalk attached. Dibble them into the sand quite deeply and water once thoroughly; afterward water sparingly, because the leaves, being soft, are liable to decay before bulbils form. Leaves of Cyperus alternifolius root very THE GARDEN MAGAZINE readily in water. They will float on top of a tank or basin of water and need no further care. Young plants form in the axils of the leaflets, and when large enough they may be removed and potted in soil. PLANTS TO BE CARRIED OVER Alternantheras do better if the old plants are potted and kept in a sunny place, moder- ately dry, till spring, when they will make lots of young growths, which can be taken off as cuttings. Old plants of Begonia Vernon taken up and potted now will flower abundant- ly all winter, and numerous cuttings may be had from them next March and April. All the common flowering maples (A butilon Thompsoni, Souvenir de Bonn and Savitzit) will also give plenty of plants in the spring, but they must be cut back severely after 225. The same plant three weeks later, after it has had a chance at light and water lifting—say to within nine to twelve inches of the pot. Both kinds of the popular ornamental asparagus, usually grown as house plants (Asparagus plumosus and A. Sprengeri), are raised from seed. Sprenger’s asparagus flowers readily when the plants get large, and the red berries are one of the prettiest features. Save seeds from these and sow in early spring in a light, well-drained soil. Asparagus plumosus very rarely produces seed when grown in a pot. Ferns of the Boston type can be readily increased at any time by breaking off some of the small plants (with roots intact) that grow around the edges of the large pieces. Pot them up in any size pot that is suff- ciently large to contain these roots, but never ‘‘over-pot”” them (over-potting is putting a small plant in a big pot). They form roots much more quickly in a small pot, and they can be repotted as often as they require it. Any plant needs to be repotted a 226. A good geranium slip. You want to cut square across with a sharp Knife right under a joint. All sorts of cuttings, as a rule, root better there than between the joints into a bigger size as soon as its present pot gets full of roots, and no sooner. Growth is much quicker, too, if only a small shift is given each time. It is best to use a pot about one size larger, or say from a three- inch to a five-inch, from a five-inch to a seven-inch pot, and so on. “HARD” AND ‘‘SOFT’’?’ WOOD CUTTINGS Cuttings are of two kinds, viz., ‘‘hard- wood” and ‘‘soft-wood.” Hard-wood cut- tings are more difficult to root than the ““soft-wooded.” A soft-wood cutting will “callus” or heal and form roots, no matter where the cut may be. The azalea and abutilon are hard-wood cuttings; the geranium and coleus are types of the soft-wood cutting. Hard-wooded plants have a woody stem, a pithy centre (in a young state) and a well-defined bark; a ] 227. Now we shall raise new plants from cuttings and beat the old plants “all hollow” 166 \ Aas: eS) 228. In two weeks they will be ready to put in small pots—say two inches across hard-wood cutting will bend right over without snapping or breaking, but a soft- wood cutting does not show these character- istics and will snap clean through if bent to a right angle. A hard-wood cutting should always be cut close to a leaf joint, the wood at this point being firmer and less pithy than at any other, and it roots most readily when taken off the old plant in a young and growing condition. Always use a_ sharp knife, and have a heel (or very small part of ‘he older stem) attached to the cutting. 230. This is the only expensive part of the prop- agating outfit. It costs $1.50 and fuel. For two days costs five cents. But it is cheaper than a greenhouse or even a coldframe A Home-Made Propagating De- vice That Does Wonders By L. J. Doocur, Massachusetts VERY good propagating bed, that will turn out sufficient plants for the ordi- nary home garden, can be made and main- tained at small cost. Three boxes are neces- sary. Soap boxes will do, if the length and 231. Homelier than sin, but the only good device I have ever seen for multiplying in a dwelling house plants that require bottom heat THE GARDEN MAGAZINE width are equal, so that they will closely fit upon one another. Besides these there will be needed a large, deep pan, two half-gallon jugs, sufficient zinc to serve as a bottom for one of the boxes, one peck of coarse sand, and a foot heater such as is used in carriages during the winter. Using one of the boxes as a base, bore a few holes near the top for ventilators, which can be controlled by the use of corks. In this lower box place jugs filled with hot water during the day, when little heat will be re- quired. At night use the foot heater, putting in about one-half a cake of fuel just before retiring. Take off the top of one of the boxes and nail strips along the sides wide enough to hold the pan of water. This box will rest over the compartment with the heater. Cut the last box so that the back is about three inches higher than the front, in order to get the best distribution of light. Fill it to the depth of three inches with coarse sand. This is the upper box, and should be cov- ered with a pane of glass. If these boxes fit tightly upon one another so no heat can escape, and if the jugs and pan are filled with hot water, a temperature of 80° can be main- tained all day by filling the jugs two or three times. Keep a small thermometer plunged in the sand, and for a few days before putting in your cuttings experiment to ascertain under just what conditions the heater will do the most satisfactory work. I made two of these home propagators, one of which I gave to a friend to test in his house. In his test he used the hot-water bottles both day and night at first, but he found that the conditions were not satisfactory for night use and discarded the jugs for the heater. During the day he filled the jugs but two or three times to keep up an average heat of 80°. With the heater a very much greater heat was generated, but by using the ventilating holes a satisfactory temperature was_ effected. After getting the heat under control he put in the first batch of cuttings—coleus, vincas, fuchsias, heliotropes and begonias. He put in twenty of each, and within fifteen days they were sufficiently rooted to pot off. From this bed he has stocked his garden with a great variety of plants. I put the other bed to a more severe test, though an equally successful one. I filled it up with cuttings from rubber plants, plunging them in the sand without other preparation than cutting them with a sharp knife, leaving the surface clean and smooth. I did not lose one of the lot. | Rubber plants grow so tall after a few years that one feels impelled to shorten them. This can easily be accom- plished by cutting off the top and rooting it. Young plants can also be started from each joint of the old stem, thus from one old plant which has outgrown its usefulness a great many can be raised easily. After the rubber plants I put in Pandanus Veitchii with success. Then I took a few large leaves of Begonia Rex, cut the ribs on the back, made a number of in- cisions in the leaves and then placed them on the sand, pressing them down to make a good contact all around. From each incision a plant started, and in six weeks I potted off twenty- five sturdy, clean begonias from five leaves. NOVEMBER, 1905 ie 2 a) 229. Or, if we are cramped for room, we can raise them in boxes, but they will get a slight setback when transplanted again. See how soon they begin to flower During the day I kept my bed in a good light near the window, ventilated it by raising the glass, protected it with paper when the sun was strong, and at night when cold I threw a carriage robe over it. From the results I have had I feel convinced that the little propagating bed is as practical as the larger ones used in greenhouses and will do the same work on a reduced sale. The cost of its construction and main- cS 232. Another view of the three boxes that make the propagating outfit tenance foots up as follows. The item of jugs and sand is not considered, as both of these can be obtained about a house without cost: ‘Three'iold) boxes sss... 222 cee eee Oe eee $o.10 GCarmiage heaterepeee eh eee ee eee eee Eee 1.50 Fuel enough for two days.................+--.05- -05 Sheetiotelassmera- secrete arc ace ee eer 15 Small Fahrenheit thermometer.................-. 15 $1.95 K é 233. The top box with the zinc bottom holds the sand, the middle one the water pan, and the bottom one the heater A Home-Made Greenhouse for $57.80—By Will W. Stevens West Virginia A BEGINNER WHO HAD NEVER BEEN INSIDE A GREENHOUSE MAKES A 10x16 HOUSE IN WHICH HE RAISES WINTER FLOWERS, STARTS PLANTS FOR SALE, AND CLEARS THIRTY-THREE PER CENT. THE FIRST SEASON ce Y little greenhouse is not a ‘‘model”’ greenhouse, but it has done the work it was planned for, and other amateurs could at least doas much. On New Year’s day work was begun; lumber and locust sills were got in This little 10x16 greenhouse cost $41 for ma: terials. including heating apparatus. The section at the rear is a tool shed place. The house is a small affair, 10 x 16 feet, with the long axis north and south. The location is a dry sunny point. My knowledge of greenhouse construc- tion was very limited; in fact I had never been inside one. Of course anyone knows that plants must have air, moisture, sunlight and warmth, and just enough of each to make them thrive in rich soil. And, armed with those facts, I started to plan and build. For the roof I bought eight old hot-bed sashes, 3 x 6 feet, already glazed, which cost me, including freight, $2.40 apiece. Four feet at the rear of the building is covered with roofing paper and used as a surveyor’s office, where also bulletins, catalogues, magazines, seeds and the like are stored, and are right at hand for use. The sides of the house are made of inch oak boards doubled and lined between with building paper. The front is made from ordinary window sashes. The cost of all material exclusive of ceiling—the ceiling not having been put on the first year—was thirty- three dollars. The entire work of construc- tion was done without hired help, evenings and Saturdays. On February 2oth fire was started in the sheet-iron heater. The fuel expense is no more than a little labor to prepare the wood. The heater is surrounded by brick walls. The bricks hold heat and also protect plants too near the stove. A box of cabbage and cauliflower seed, planted February roth, was brought from the kitchen, and the leafless geraniums were moved from the “‘pit” into the ‘‘greenhouse.”’ The rich black soil from the woods—a cattle resort in summer—seems to be ideal for plants. Earliana tomatoes, more Wake- field cabbage and early radishes were sowed; Photographs by the author onions were planted; other seeds were sowed from time to time. The little plants seemed to be doing well. One morning the thermometer inside had risen to eighty; this was about fifteen degrees higher than I liked to have it in the early morning. Some of the largest tomato plants were falling by the way. They continued dropping over and withering. They had become victims of the damping-off fungus, as I learned through the State Agricultural College. “It is one of the troubles that every beginner has to contend with, and many of the more ex- perienced as well. You have probably kept your greenhouse too warm and used too much water. Try keeping the plants a little dryer.” This advice was carefully followed, and there were no more losses from ‘damping off.” Some of the tomatoes were transplanted into empty tomato cans, which had been slit down the side and across the bottom and then All Kinds of flowering plants from the living rooms were nursed to fresh vigor in the greenhouse tied with a cord. To again transplant one had only to cut the cord and then do the rest without disturbing the roots. The earliest plants began blooming in the cans the last of April. The ‘‘canned tomatoes” sold readily at ten cents the plant or three for a quarter (one year apple trees selling at six cents each). Small tomatoes realized 15 cents, and cabbage plants ro cents, a dozen. In all about $20 worth were sold; farmers and town folks took them. The local paper on June 30th described the big tomatoes one of the townspeople had picked on the 27th from our transplanted seedlings. They had been transplanted to the garden on May sth. The little experience of the first year is worth a great deal, and it is a real pleasure to work with the plants and watch them 166 a grow. If it were all to do over, I should build a little larger and put in more glass on the morning-sun side. THE DETAILS OF COST 8 hot-bed sashes (3’x 6’ glazed)............. $16.80 Freight on same from Chicago.............. 2.60 Siwind owstsashessccmrwsr-qucustereelieko ys exec he ores 6.30 Tin to cover “comb ” and joints in the roof... . 1.63 INailstiscrewssvetGin tere a) -ccenecorere vic aces ae -78 rerollMbuildingepapersiercjeressnctoleteressie enenevele tals 75 Ioroll-rOofinpApaperyewaiarsuenenones sete tole ene! «loses Ais SOUS De 6-cis.0 6 Oo wlog oe COR tld DION oro -50 iPaintssandwoiltme rsp aie ae realoraiaces onetalens -47 2 pairs hinges and screw hooks............. 7123 Glass andpputtysmy es usioensisrs io sus! eatiiol ehoue: ote lolie 30 Poultry netting for windows............... -24 Forshaulingemiatentalsy atin yene) «chases! sirel lies) ober e 1.10 $32.95 To the foregoing, which represents the total cash outlay, there might be added the following items furnished from home: 510 feet oak boards @ $1.00 per Inund red tayeayeneey archon sates = Nanas $5.10 Wopsptorssill sip etepavencisieuevoleneliel «Ne 275 Heater Sworthy sie ciao fous either Soon 3.00 Time estimated eight days (a car- penter would have charged two . dollars; periday))sioreZ-leveteterens Utes 16.00 24.85 Motali costs a $57.80 WHAT THE GREENHOUSE EARNED 7% doz. large tomato plants @ $1.00 perdoz.. — $7.75 51 doz. small tomato plants @ 15c per doz... 7.40 750 cabbage plants (10c. doz. and 4oc. hundred). 3-80 audozsicaulitlower iplants!\.cesyersststatig vse) ave istic +30 As CA OZAOMIONS) Weve | ie : E MAKE ana erect Iron and Wire Fences of ali kinds for lawns, gardens, stock paddocks. dog kennels, Arbors for vines and fruit trees, Garden Arches, Plant Supporters, Tree Guards, Unclimable Netting Fences, etc., also Wrought Iron Railings and Gates of all kinds for country places. Write for catalogue No. 29. GLADIOLI Order now for November shipment $5.00 WILL PAY FOR 100 Bulbs of the Willow Bank Collection 12 Bulbs of the Golden Collection 12 Bulbs of the Silver Collection 12 Bulbs of the Diamond Collection consisting of twelve Gladioli of all the colors of the rainbow, including the empr of them all **Virginia’’ the most rare and beautiful of this flower. On all orders received prior to November isth I will ship 136 bulbs of the abo receipt ot $5.00. I will be unable t Our Autumn Catalogue sent on application ANCHOR POST TRON WORKS | Be Uae ra aeEe BRUT ee re tne Roleeer aelons | : . WS N i eeds next season's wants and secure the choicest selections. Office and Show Rooms: Ee REV SONDS CO.» Beedsmen STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN 15 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY 12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston Proprietor Willow Bank Nurseries, Newark, Wayne County, New York 184 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 Watering the Stock HHH Just think of the difference, especially in cold or dry weather, between driving your live stock down to the brook, and turning a faucet which will fill a trough right in the barn-yard or in the stalls, next to every horse and cow. This is what the Hot-Air Pump means on any farm; this is what it is easy with a Hot-Air Pump saves in time and labor. Then, too, what does an abundance of fresh running water at the right temperature mean in the way of healthy stock and increased yield of milk from the cows? Now is the time to put in a Hot-Air Pump and be ready for winter. Tt does away entirely with lugging water by hand, whether for the bath, the kitchen, the lawn, the garden or the live stock. It is known to-day as the best and most economical water-supply, because, being independent of wind or weather, it is constant and reliable. Descriptive Catalogue ‘* U ”’ sent free on application. 35 Warren St., New York. Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. skis nicass. 239 Franklin St., Boston. 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. @ 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W. Teniente-Rey 71, Havana, Cuba, ses HORICUM sss TRADE MARK JOSE SCALE KILLER | place water sparingly, and if the leaves get dusty they should be wiped off with a wet sponge, say once a week. The palms suitable for house use are but few. The ground rattan (RKhapis flabelli- jormis) is easily the best. The curly palms (Kentia Forsteriana and Belmoreana) are good, and Latania Borbonica will succeed with care. S. T. OrcHarpD. New York. The California Garden in November RUNE rose bushes and give them their first good watering. When growth starts work in a liberal top dressing of stable manure. Take outdoor cuttings of bedding plants, such as begonia, coleus, fuchsia, heliotrope, marguerite, alternanthera, etc., and root them in boxes of sand. Sow seeds of these perennials for summer THE SAN For Fall or Spring Use We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them get under the rough bark. They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale flowers: bellflowers, candytuft, hollyhock, larkspur, phlox, poppy, scabious. For spring flowers sow seeds of California Fishkill-on-Hudson, San Jose Scale on a Peare Illustrated Catalogue free WM. HENRY MAULE 1711 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. New Rose DWARF EVERBLOOMING CRIMSON OR BABY RAMBLER The Greatest of Pot Blooming Roses HE Crimson Rambler in dwarf form—about two feet high. Perfectly hardy. Grown outdoors, blooms from June until late frosts. The greatest of forcing roses. Blooms the year round under glass. The Dwarf or Baby Rambler grows a fine, healthy bush from 24 to 30 inches in height, with foliage of dark glossy green; blooms in large clusters like the old variety, the sturdy little bushes being literally loaded down at times by their covering of small bright red roses; very attractive throughout the season, as they are constantly in bloom from June until late frosts, and when potted up will bloom all winter. Is adapted to use on lawns or in the garden in clumps in odd corners, as edgings or low hedges for driveways, etc., or for grow- ing in pots. Everyone having room for a single flower pot should have this rose. We have a choice stock of plants which will begin blooming soon. Strong Plants, from 2%-inch pots, each, 25 cents Extra Strong Plants, 40 cents Large Field-grown Plants, 75 cents, postpaid The Livingston Seed Co. Box 443, Columbus, Ohio FALL CATALOGUE FREE a plague like the plagues of Egypt. ‘(Horicum” is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use Sold by Seedsmen. HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT = NEW YORK | MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL| JAPANESE GARDENS Send for pamphlets, worth having, to WORKS and plants. Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. Send for Catalogue. HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island Dwarf or Baby Rambler Rose, each, 25c.,40c. and 75c., post- paid. poppy, candytuft, Clarkia, sweet sultan, corn- flower, larkspur, marigold, pansy, poppy, snapdragon, stocks. Sow sweet peas for winter bloom. Plant hyacinths and other Dutch bulbs, lilies, freesias, oxalis and Watsonia. Plant out deciduous shrubs and evergreens from colder climates. ERNEST BRAUNTON. How to Keep Cut Flowers FIFTY DOLLARS IN PRIZES Rees the auspices of the ‘‘ Garden Club of Philadelphia” a competition for three prizes of $25, $15 and $10 each, subject to the following conditions, is open to readers of this magazine: The object of this competition is the ascer- taining of the most successful method of keeping cut flowers fresh, in private houses, sent from the greenhouse during the winter months—this competition being only for amateurs. The tests will be made simultaneously upon the same kind of cut flowers, supplied by the same florist. RULES 1. All communications entered for com- petition should be written on one side of the paper only, and to consist of not more than three hundred words. 2. Papers must be sent to the secretary of the Garden Club of Philadelphia, Mrs. C. L. Borie, Rydal, Pa., before February 1, 1906. NOVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 185 Hall Caine’s Works THE BONDMAN THE MANXMAN iW APPLETON'S | | THE PRODIGAL SON BOOKLOVERS & | THE ETERNAL ciITy [jf MAGAZINE THE CHRISTIAN Vy THE DEEMSTER THE SCAPEGOAT LITTLE MANX NATION CAPTAIN DAVY’S HONEYMOON and Appleton’s Booklovers Magazine For One Year COMBINATION OFFER B IDI RP Eg Eg ‘ aa At avery large expense we have secured the right to publish Handsome catalog, containing beautiful colored prints, directly the FIRST AND ONLY uniform edition of the writings of HALL h hed fi , mailed FREE 3 : : o O . : W. ATLEE BURPEE, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa. CAINE. This beautiful set contains sixteen full-page illustrations, is bound in red buckram with elaborate gold stamping, and the famous old Manx cross is reproduced on each volume in gold design. aL Mauna | We will send this set of nine volumes by express prepaid, True Art and enter your subscription to ‘‘APPLETON’S BOOKLOVERS WF sin TOILET POWDER IN HARVEST TIME When brisk, Autumn breezes roughen the skin, use Mennen’s—a positive relief for chapped hands, chafing and all skin troubles. Mennen’s face on every box—be sure that you get the genuine. For sale everywhere or by mail, 25 ets. Sample Free. $ Re GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newerk, N. J. f ae Try Mesnen’s Violet Talcum. ho Weta ee eee MAGAZINE” for one year on receipt of the coupon (below), INS Ay cal Maine giving your name and address. If after examining the books you paid. Satistaction guarn- {| like them, send us $1.00 and agree to pay $1.00 a month for eleven — oo \ ‘| months. If you do not like them return the books at our expense. ? Pa Li ALLS | “THE MANX a EDERION:® True to Nature With all the chang- ing hues of each season. No. 357, ‘‘ Afternoon Off Peak’s Island.” Postpaid, $1.00. Send roc. for our Art Cata- logue LAMSON STUDIO, 86 Temple Street, Portland, Me. SUN-DIALS .. with or without PEDESTALS Send for illustrated Price List H INSPECTION COUPON—CUT THIS OUT — Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co. APPLETON’S New York Office, $523 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y. BOOK S D. APPLETON & CO., 436 Fifth Avenue, New York. LOVERS Gentlemen: Kindly send me the “MANX? EDITION of Hall MAGAZINE, $3.00 Caine by express prepaid for examination, and enter my name for one BOOKER T W ASHINGTON’S year’s subscription to ‘‘Appleton’s Booklovers Magazine.’’ If Iam i BOOKS 9 VOLUMES satisfied on seeing the books I agree to pay $1.00 down and $1.00 : ‘ per month for 11 months, making a total of $12.00. If not satisfied Working with the Hands. Net, $1.50. Postage HALL CAINE, 15.00 I will return the books to you at your expense. 15 cents. Character Building. Net, $1.50. Postage, 15 cents. TOTAL, $18.00 Up from Slavery. Net, $1.50. Postage, 15 cents. 2 % ve by an SPECIAL $ 1 2 PRICE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 The Cottage Gardens contain the finest assortment of selected specimen Evergreen, Deciduous Trees and Shrubs procurable, and its Land- scape Department is at your service in arranging them. Price list ready now. Has tables of the best herbaceous plants, giving common and botanical names, height, color and season of bloom. Sent free. All inquiries cheerfully answered. COTTAGE GARDENS CO., QUEENS, L. I. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL, SHRUBS, Roses, BULBS AND PLANTS. Catalogue No. 1 free to pur- chasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. No.3 free to buyers of Holland and other Bulbs, Hardy Plants and Vines, Roses, Ferns, Palms and Greenhouse Goods in general. Tryus. We will give youa square deal and guarantee satisfaction. Correspondence solicited. 52 years, 44 greenhouses. 1200 acres. The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 39, Painesville, Ohio The Agricultural Experts Association GEORGE T. POWELL, President 120 Broadway - - NEW YORK XAMINATION of soils to determine condition and methods for improvement. Laying out of country estates, including architect’s services, residences, greenhouses and other buildings. Building and landscape gardening. Problems relating to engineer- ing and sanitation. Selection and purchase of blooded stock. Consultation on all land problems. Correspondence invited. FRANK NORRIS’S BOOKS The Responsibilities of the Novelist. $1.25. Postage, 12 cents A Deal in Wheat. $1.50 (she Pits $150 $1.50 $1.50 Net, The Octopus. A Man’s Woman. McTeague. $1.50 Blix: $1225 Moran of the Lady Letty. $1.00 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY a ki # 5h ae A Bulb That Blooms in August Without Any Leaves ees amaryllis (Lycoris squamigera), formerly grown as Amaryllis Halli, is a rather uncommon, hardy bulbous plant with attractive foliage and bright flowers. As will be noticed in the illustrations, these do not appear at the same time. The leaves, some three to six to a bulb, are fully grown here in April and entirely disappear in June. About the middle of August the flowering A singular bulb that comes out of the naked ground in August. Hall’s amaryllis (Lycoris squamigera) bears a cluster of rosy lilac, fragrant flowers, each three or four inches across 272. stems appear, make rapid growth, and are soon furnished with a cluster of amaryllis-like flowers, white, flushed with pink, with a bluish hue (or perhaps bright rosy lilac would best de- scribe them), and very attractive, also fragrant. This bulb seems to have been originally brought from China by Dr. George R. Hall, of Bristol, R. I., in the late sixties, and was introduced by a Boston florist, but apparently not very extensively, as it seems to be un- known outside of New England. Later supplies have come via England, with several other species of the family, but none of them appear to be hardy here except L. sanguinea, a small-flowered kind with a muddy, dried-blood color, not very effective and not especially desirable. The Chinese L. aurea is seemingly tu The FERRIS HAMS ax» BACON Have persistently maintained their High Reputation for Superior QUALITY, and are therefore used as the Standard of Comparison Do not accept other brands claiming to be), sajjust as Good as FERRIS” INDIAN CARVED Silver Pin, 50c. The Swastika Cross is the Good Fortune symbol of the Navajo Tribe. ‘This pin is hand wrought from pure silver engraved by Navajo work- men and set with a genuine turquoise. Very odd and pretty. We send this stick pin prepaid soc. to introduce our big assort- ment of Mexican drawn work, Navajo blankets and other goods of native make. Other mountings in this design of pure silverware; rings with turquoise in cross 60¢c., Without soc.; state size. Hat pin $1.00. 5-inch teaspoon, Swastika Cross handle, $1.25. Catalogue alone, 4c. The Francis E. Lester Co.,Dept. S94, Mesilla Park, N.M. Sac FRUIT BOOK shows in NATURAL COLORS and f accurately describes 216 varieties of b ruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- ution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. Wiant Department A special low rate is made in this department for the convenience of readers to advertise for a gardener, or for gardeners to offer their services. Situations Wanted FOR Gardeners, Farmers and Estate Superintendents I am constantly receiving applications from trustworthy and com- petent men desiring positions. Twenty years acquaintance among them has given me exceptional knowledge of their individual capa- bilities. No Fee—My sole desire is to be of service to employer and employee alike. ArTHUR T. BoppINGTON, Seedsman, 342 West 14th Street, New York. Gardeners Register High-class men, with good records, can be obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, 14 Barclay Street, New York City. Nofee. Competent Gardeners The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing -a-competent gardener, if you want to engage one, Please give particulars regarding place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO.. Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 write to us. » ortianat Street, New York &.%- Pras, NOVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 187 handsomest one of the family in flower, but I have not succeeded in blooming it, several trials. Unlike most bulbs, it is said to require constant moisture, greenhouse treat- ment, with special warmth at the right season. L. radiata (Nerine Japonica of the cata- logues) seems to be the best known Lycoris, many having been imported with other Japanese plants in recent years. New Jersey. J. N. GERARD. 273. The foliage of Hall’s amaryllis, which ap- pears in spring, disappears in June, and is succeeded two months later by naked flowers Some Choice Grape Hyacinths MONG the smaller dainty flowers of the bulb season (March-April) the grape hyacinths (species of Muscari) are old-time favorites. Unlike many of the smaller bul- bous plants, they are reliable plants in the border, being hardy under all conditions and of fairly rapid increase, both from offsets and seed, which they usually produce. The pic- 274. The grape hyacinth, a charming little blue or white flowered bulb, which should be planted in the fall (Muscan botryoides, var. alba) after | $13 Couch, Bed, Wardrobe for $10 Handsome High=-Grade Couch and Double Bed Complete with Spring, Mattress and Flounce; and Wardrobe Box. The mechanism is so simple that a child can operate it. Made of very best quality steel angles, attractively and durably enameled. Good dark green denim-top mattress, filled with fine carded wool. Rip Van Winkle eprine guaranteed twenty years. Cedar-stained pine box rolls out from beneath on casters. Closed, couch is 2 ft. 2 in. wide, 6 ft. 2 in, long; as bed 4 ft. 2 in. wide. Send $10, money or Any article N. Y. draft, and we will ship couch to you promptly. Bargain at manufactured in our factory—Reclining $18, but we make this low price to introduce samples of our goods Couch, Davenport, Bed Couch, Dropside Couch, Ironfold Bed, Mattresses—may be returned at our expense if not thoroughly satisfactory. We ship direct from factory to you. Send for our Literature and Prices. The Encyclopedic Dictionary ABSOLUTELY FREE Will you allow us to send to your home, without any cost to you, a set of this world- famous reference work, to be kept and used for a week? ‘The coupon cut from this page will bring you a set of the American Encyclopedic Dictionary on approval. If you find it satisfactory, we will cut the price to one-third the publisher’s prices—and you may pay in easy monthly payments. If you send the coupon promptly, we will send the Modern Atlas of the World free with the set. This magnificent reference work—cost- ing $750,000 to produce—is a Dictionary and Encyclopedia combined. In fullness of definitions, number of words defined, and accuracy, it is superior to reference works selling for five times its price. Our bargain offer gives you the opportunity to secure this reference library at less than half the price of any other first-class reference work. The set, in five large, handsome and durable volumes, contains 250,000 words—more than any other dictionary in existence. FR E E Bes oes: ore orld offer, we will give free of charge to the first 250 persons who order a set of the American Encyclopedic Dictionary, a splen- didly bound copy of the Modern Atlas of the World. The Atlas is 10x 13 inches in size, bound in red cloth, and contains 100 maps in 6 to 12 colors. It gives separate maps of all states and territories and all countries of the world. It isa thoroughly t up-to-date reference Atlas and is a valuable addition to the Dictionary. The price of the Atlasi is $5.00, but if your order is among the first 250 received we send it to you without charge. AS A DICTIONARY | AS AN ENCYCLOPEDIA this work defines 25,000 more words than any other Dictionary, | it treats 50,000 subjects in an encyclopedic manner, and this and every definition is so clear that a schoolboy can understand | vast array of articles covers the whole field of human knowledge. it. Dr. Parkhurst, the famous divine, writes: “‘ The Encyclo- | With a set in your home it means a liberal education for your pedic Dictionary isa library condensed into a few volumes; a | children and a constant source of reference for the older members ton of diffusiveness reduced to 50 pounds of quintessence, and, | of the family. The entire work has been recently revised and withal, as delicate in detail as it is comprehensive in contents.’’ | enlarged by a staff of American editors. The Coupon Cuts the Price seseeesessessesess MAIL THIS COUPON J. A. HILL & COMPANY, New York: There are three styles of binding—full sheep, half morocco, You may send me for inspection one set of the aGhae loth AMERICAN _ENCYCLOPEDIC | DICTIONARY, a Nee a Size bound in the style indicated by having the ‘‘ X ’’ beside. for ordinary use and the full sheep for those who desire a set bound in luxurious style. in every community. METAL FURNITURE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Dept. G, 17 W. 42d St., New York for seven days’ examination Five Big Volumes 35,000 Bak cs 250,000 Words; 3,000 Illustrations, 50,000 *Ency clopedic AY ticles We recommend the half morocco binding Full Sheep Binding. Regular price $64.00. I will pay for the same, if I decide to keep the books, as fol- lows: $1.00 after I examine | them, and $2.00 a month until your special price of $25. 00 i is paid. Half Morocco Binding. Regular price $56.00. I will pay for the same, if I decide to keep the books, as follows: 50 cents after I examine them, and $1.50 a We have obtained a limited edition from the publishers at a bargain. These sets will be closed out to prompt buyers at one-third the publisher’s prices. Read the coupon carefully and act at once. Upon receipt of the coupon, we will send you a complete set, at our expense, to be month until your special price of $19.50 is paid. returned if not satisfactory. Remember, if your order is one The Note Payments are 50 Library Cloth Binding. Regular price $42.00. I will pay for the same, if I decide to keep the books, as follows: so cents after I examine them, and $1.00 a month until your special price of $15.50 is paid. of the first 250 received, you will get the Atlas free. coupon gives the regular prices and our bargain prices. how much you save by ordering at once. It is understood that if this is one of the first 250 orders received. you will send me with the set, free, an Atlas of the World. You prepay delivery charges. If I decide not cents or $1.00 upon acceptance of the books and as lowas a dollar a month thereafter, depending upon the style of binding desired. to keep the books, I am to return them: to you, charges col- lect, together with the Atlas. J. A. HILL @ COMPANY . (Git Nawte 44-60 East 23d Street he 11-05. New York THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 Make Your Spare Time Count by taking our Correspondence Course in Horticulture under Prot. John A Craig, of Cornell University. Treats of Vegetable Gardening, Fruit Giowing, Flori- culture and the Ornamentation of Grounds. We also offer a course in Modern Agri- eulture under Prof. Brooks, of Massachu- § setts Agricultural College. Full Commer- eial, Normal and Academie departments. Tuition nominal. Text-books /vee to our students. Catalogue and particulars free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass. The Way to be a Thinker | is to get in touch with thinkers. All the world’s prizes are captured by those who have seasoned their energy with the spice | of originality—and originality means the habit of clear and fresh thinking. Even the best of us have a tendency to fall into mental ruts, to go plodding on year after year, in the same track, to do things without knowing precisely why. The way to keep alive, the way to be original, the way to be a success, is to talk with brainy people and to read books that make you think. That’s the reason The New Science Library is a cure for mental paralysis. It contains the best work of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Tyndall and great leaders of modern thought. It will tell you what the famous Darwinian theory is; how the planets are weighed and their motions charted; what radium is; how liquid air is made and used—and ten thousand other interesting things. It is a work to be read and enjoyed, for it is written in a clear and interesting style—not abstruse or technical. The work consists of sixteen superb volumes handsomely printed and bound. 84-Page Book FREE If you mail us the coupon below at once, we will send full information about the New Science Library, and how you may get it at half price and on the Individual Payment Plan, by means of which you can arrange the payments to suit yourself. At the same time we will send you a copy of our handsome 84-page book, ‘“Some Wonders of Science.’? This book, containing articles by Huxley, Tylor, Proctor and Ray Stannard Baker, is so bright and interesting that you will read it from cover to cover, and when you have read it you will wonder how you ever could have thought science dry and dull. There is an edition of a thousand copies. Each copy is beautifully illustrated and printed. As long as the edition lasts, we will exchange a copy of it for the coupon printed at the bottom of this advertisement. PUBLIC OPINION 44-60 E. 23d Street NEW YORK Gar. M.,1r-05. EXCHANGE COUPON Good for one complimentary copy of ‘‘Some Wonders of Science,” | if mailed at once to Public Opinion, 44-60 East 23d Street, New York. STREET City anp STATE We will send, at the same time, full particulars of our New Science Library and our Introductory Half-Price Offer. ture, which represents a white form of M. botryoides, gives a fair idea of the various species, which have clustered bell-shaped flowers constricted at the throat. They vary as to size of clusters, leaves and stems, and in coloring. The most common form, M. bot- ryoides, has, in the type, dark blue flowers, as have also M. Armeniacum and various other species. The handsomest species, in my judgment, is M. Szovitsianum, whose flowers are of a light “‘bird’s-egg” blue, a color not common among flowers, nor is the species plentiful. There is an attractive species of Muscari, the ‘feathered hyacinth,” with feathery in- florescence. These easily obtainable bulbs are attrac- tive and well worth growing. Culture? Simply open soil, fairly rich. New Jersey. J. N. GERARD. Five Dollars Easily Earned i in gardening received every month. cannot award these prizes for suggestions of things to be done by someone else; each idea must have been worked out by the this department we offer $5 for the best short narrative or personal experience We writer. Crowd all the facts and figures into 300 or 400 words if possible. A photo- | graph or diagram is necessary. Record-breaking achievements are espe- cially desired, e. g., ““Sweet Peas on May 4th,” ‘Tomatoes for tor Days,” “‘A Green- house for $124,” ‘Apples that Weigh a Pound.” ‘This offer is made only to amateurs who are subscribers to THE GARDEN MAGazINE. Please write at the top of every manuscript: ‘‘ Personal Experi- ences.”’ RECORD-MAKING ACHIEVEMENTS We offer five dollars for every photograph and short article showing how any idea described or illustrated in this number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE has been worked out in a better manner than you find it in the magazine. If longer articles and more pictures are necessary, they will be paid for at regular rates if acceptable. If you are interested read carefully the twenty suggestions which are given on page 180. | garden. For Fall Planting Our Descriptive Catalogue is now ready and will be mailed free on application. It is beauti- fully illustrated and contains full cultural direc- tions and a most complete collection of all the newest and best sorts. Hyacinths Tulips Daffodils including a magnificent collection of the newest and most beautiful varieties of the Japanese Iris. Lilies Irises Crocuses_ Freesias Lily-of-the-Valley, Etc. Send for our catalogue. We are the largest and oldest bulb importers in America J. M. THORBURNG&HeO: 36 Cortland Street, New York ESTABLISHED 1802 Kiln Dried and Pul- verized. Best known fertilizer for lawn or Large barrel full (more than 4 wagon loads of ordinary manure), freight prepaid east of Denver, $4.00. No weeds. No odor. Dormant Sod Co., 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. TIME YES to plan and plant HARDY ROSES, PEONIES mar ORNAMENTAL HEDGE THAT Sheep Manure and next year be ahead of him who waits ’til spring. ““q Little Pook About Roses ”’ mailed FREE to prospective patrons. G. H. PETERSON, Rose and Peony Specialist 457 Eleventh Avenue, Paterson, N. J. CHOICE IRISES HERBACEOUS PLANTS SHRUBS We furnish plans and estimates by an experienced Landscape Architect. Write for catalogue. Shatemuc Nurseries, Barrytown, Dutchess County, N. Y. NOVEMBER, 1905 189 THE GARDEN COVNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE ae IN AMERICA ¢3 WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO NEW YORK ihe Long Evening Time 4|F there is any month when a publisher may ask for serious attention to the €§|| announcements of books on which work has been going on for a year, or perhaps several years, it is during November. have been generous in their orders this fall, and all of the books described below are to be found in ail good book-stores in the United States. The booksellers of the country We ask our readers to look at the publications which attract them at their local book-stores; or, if out of reach of a book-store, the books will be sent direct from our office at the prices indicated, except in the case of met books, when an extra charge for postage is made. For purposes of convenience, the list is alphabetically arranged: Bolles, Albert S. The Home Library of Law A book of legal information for the use of every intelligent citizen; full, yet compact; not too technical, but accurate. Six volumes, $9.00; sold by subscription. Brainerd, Eleanor Hoyt Concerning Belinda A volume of delicious humor—a chronicle of the Youngest Teacher’s experiences in a fashionable New York girl’s finish- ing school. Second printing before publication. By the author of ‘‘The Misdemeanors of Nancy.” Illustrated. $1.50. Capen, Oliver Bronson | Haggard, H. Rider Country Homes of Famous Americans This sumptuous volume takes the reader into the country homes of nearly a score of our most famous men of the past— such as Washington, Emerson, Clay, Lee, Longfellow, Gree- ley, Madison, Whittier, etc. Not only is it valuable for its historical and personal interest, but for its many suggestions in home-making as well. Profusely illustrated from photo- graphs. Net, $5.00. (Postage, 30 cents.) Chesnutt, Charles W. The Colonel’s Dream “Keen knowledge of human nature, warm sensibilities, real power, all these are manifested in this fine novel, to which a young and finally happy love affair gives added interest.””— Chicago Record-Herald. $1.50. A most important work—the only authorized American edition Schillings, C. B. With Flashlight and Rifle A remarkable record of adventures in Equatorial East Africa while photographing wild lions, rhinoceroses, giraffes, zebras, leopards, elephants, and other dangerous animals. Mr. Roosevelt has written the author a congratulatory letter com- menting upon the work. 300 almost incredibly clear and startling photographs. Net, $3.80(?). (Postage, extra.) | Harriman Alaska Expedition | Goodwin, Maud Wilder Claims and Counterclaims By the author of “Four Roads to Paradise,” ““White Aprons,” etc. Zhe New York Times says: “Its unique plot, its life- like characters, its brilliant execution in both dialogue and movement, are all crowned by a novel’s raison d’étre—its absorbing interest.” Second printing. $1.50. Ayesha By the author of “King Solomon’s Mines,” ‘“‘She,’’ etc. A thrilling story of two faithful companions and their hair-raising adventures in the mountains of Tibet while in quest of Ayesha, the immortal—Spirit of the Mountain. Eight drawings by Greiffenhagen. Third printing before publication. $1.50. Scientific Volumes Elaborately illustrated with plates, many in color and photo- gravure, and text cuts. Volumes I.and II. (narrative—together). Net, $15.00. (Postage, 60 cents.) Volumes III. to XIII. (the latter volume ready immediately), each, net, $5.00. (Postage, 30 cents.) Volumes VI. and VII. ready later. Holtzoper, E. C. This. volume gives competently and in detail, yet without technicalities, all the information necessary in the building of a country house. Nearly 300 illustrations. Net, $3.00. (Postage, 30 cents.) Ready early in November. Rip Van Winkle Elaborate holiday edition, with 50 colored illustrations. Mr. Arthur Rackham, A. R. W. S.—the illustrator of this luxuri- ous work—has a richly humorous imagination and a unique power of quaint invention, which is equally strong in its appeal to child and adult. In “Rip Van Winkle” he has caught its very spirit, and has interpreted anew all its ‘“‘old-fashioned grace and elfin playfulness.” Net, $5.00. (Postage, 25 cents.) The Country House Irving, Washington THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 Jacob, Violet The Golden Heart By the author of “The Interloper,” etc. A volume of fairy tales which shares the same story-telling faculty and admirable literary workmanship which characterized the author’s suc- cessful novels. Illustrated by May Sandheim. Net, $1.25. (Postage, 13 cents.) 4 \ Sons O’ Men Not since Mr. Kipling’s tales first electrified the world do we remember so startling a volume of stories by an unknown writer. It is full of the zest of life’s hardships. $1.50. Lancaster, G. B. Lyle, Eugene P., Jr. The Missourian This story, of a Confederate trooper who had an Emperor for his rival, is one of the few romantic novels that have a real reason for existence. Fifth edition put to press eight weeks after publication. The New York World calls it: ‘Pre- eminently an American book.” Charmingly illustrated. $1.50. Mabie, Hamilton W. Myths Every Child Should Know b) This collection is uniform with “Poems” and ‘Fairy Tales Every Child Should Know’’—two books in a series recognized as the best of its kind for children’s reading and for school use. Frontispiece. Net, 90 cents. (Postage, 9 cents.) Mahler, Dr. Arthur Paintings of the Louvre (In collaboration with Carlos Blacker and William A. Slater) A complete handbook to the Spanish and Italian masterpieces. More than rso illustrations. Net, $2.00. (Postage, 20 cents.) Muller, Prof. F. Max This stimulating work contains the essence of Max Muller’s published and unpublished writings on two of the greatest of ideas. The author knew the religions of the world better than any other one man of our time, and he has in the new portions of this work flashes of insight into the great problems of human existence which‘will surprise his many admirers. Net, $1.50. (Postage, 15 cents.) Life and Religion Nugent, Meredith New Games and Amusements A twentieth-century book, consisting of original games and ideas invented by the author and Victor J. Smedley. Pro- fusely illustrated by the inventors. Net, $1.50. (Postage, 15 cents.) Read, Opie Old Lim Jucklin “Old Lim Jucklin,” the village oracle, is a character worthy of the foremost place in the world’s gallery of humorists; his say- ings would keep an after-dinner speaker well supplied for many a day. $1.50. The Tree Book This book, which took five years’ work by author and photog- rapher, has many features that no other book has. It tells the uses of trees; the care of trees; the value of trees; the pres- ervation of forests. The 350 extraordinary photographic illustrations by A. R. Dugmore show bud, blossom, full leaf, fruit, and the wood of all the important species. Sixteen plates in color. Net, $4.00. (Postage, 34 cents.) Rogers, Julia E. Taylor, Marie Hansen (Mrs. Bayard Taylor) On Two Continents “One may say with little hesitation that in this book, and in no other, is to be found the most attractive and sympathetic record of one of the most interesting of all Americans.” —New York Times. Eight illustrations. Net, $2.75. (Postage, 28 cents.) Warner, George H. The Jewish Spectre An extraordinary and brilliant study of what the Jew really was and is, and what he has contributed to the large idea of universal brotherhood, which Mr. Warner holds to be the basis of true progress. Net, $1.50. (Postage, 15 cents.) > The Dog Book The first adequate treatment of the dog in America. To be in ten parts. I. to V. now ready. Well illustrated. $1.10 each. Subscription. White, Mary The Child’s Rainy Day Book By the author of ‘““How to Make Pottery,” ““How to do Bead- work,” etc. Supplies a host of ideas for children’s occupations, such as “Simple Home-made Toys and Games,” “Basket Weaving,” ‘““What a Child Can do with Beads,” “‘Gifts, and How to Make Them,” etc. Many illustrations. Net, $1.00. (Postage, 10 cents.) Watson, James Woolson, G. A. Ferns, and How to Grow Them Uniform with “Roses, and How to Grow Them.” An authori- tative little hand-book, dealing with the growing of hardy ferns, both in the garden and indoors. Profusely illustrated. Net, $1.00. (Postage, 10 cents.) Ready early in November. Wright, Mrs. D. Giraud A Southern Girl in ’61 (Daughter of Senator Wigfall of Texas) This book is alive with the intense individuality of the author and throws new light upon the social history of the Confed- eracy. “Mrs. Wright’s volume combines real historical value with a rare feminine charm.”—Chicago Record-Herald. II- lustrated. Net, $2.75. (Postage, 28 cents.) Last Spring’s Popular Books: Adams, Frederick Upham John Henry Smith By the author of ‘‘ John Burt” and ‘The Kidnapped Million- aires.” A romance of outdoor fun—particularly golfing and automobiling—with pleasure-seeking millionaires. Forty drawings by A. B. Frost. $1.50. Brudno, Ezra S. By the author of ‘‘The Fugitive.’ ‘Mr. Brudno has some- thing of the pitiless power of the great Russian novelists . His work deserves generous recognition.””—Review of Reviews. $1.50. The Little Conscript Comstock, Anna Botsford How to Keep Bees A charmingly written manual in which the outfit, first steps and methods are given clearly and in detail. Many photo- graphic illustrations. Net, $1.00. (Postage, 10 cents.) Dixon, Thomas, Jr. The Clansman “The Leopard’s Spots’ was a great book, but this is a greater. The South owes a debt of gratitude to its author.”—The At $1.50. lanta Journal. Illustrated by Keller. NOVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 191 Dixon, Thomas, Jr. The Life Worth Living By the author of ‘‘The Clansman” and ‘“‘The Leopard’s Spots.”” A book of quaint philosophy and essays on the life worth living—the author’s personal experience. ‘Thirty-two photographs. Net, $1.20. (Postage, 12 cents.) Forman, Justus Miles Tommy Carteret By the author of “Journeys End.” ‘‘ Nobody can write pret- tier than Mr. Forman, and he has written his prettiest 3 Whoever begins ‘Tommy Carteret’ is not going to rest easy till the last word is read.”,—Chicago Inter-Ocean. I]lustrated © in color. $1.50. Fullerton, Edith L., How to Make a Vegetable Garden An invaluable book to every one who has a country or suburban place, large or small. More than 200 beautiful photographic illustrations. Net, $2.00. (Postage, 20 cents.) Garden Library, The Roses and How to Grow Them A delightful volume of rose growing from the home point of view, written in fresh, crisp, lively style. Profusely illustrated. Net, $1.00. (Postage, ro cents.) Gibson, William Hamilton, wth Helena Leeming Jelliffe, Our Native Orchids A charming volume on a comparatively neglected branch of nature study. ‘The pictures of the 51 species “‘are the orchids themselves.” Net, $1.35. (Postage, 14 cents.) Goodrich, Charles L. The First Book cf Farming An extremely valuable work, telling how to conduct a farm with the least expense and largest return. Sixty-three full-page pic- tures. Net, $1.00. (Postage, ro cents.) Harper, Vincent The Mortgage on the Brain A novel of startling suggestiveness, dealing with the absorbing question of moral responsibility and individuality. $1.50. Illustrated. Readers in New York and vicinity are in- vited to visit our library salesroom, where all our publications, magazines, books and pictures can be examined, with no ob- ligation to purchase. oe Om @ "e” DOVBLEDAY PAGE * CO NEW YORK The Opening of Tibet As The Spectator says: :‘‘This record is by far the most com- plete we are likely to get,” inasmuch as many of the members of the expedition assisted Mr. Landon in preparing the account. History, folk-lore, manners and political relations—every phase of Tibet is for the first time faithfully transcribed. Fully illustrated. $3.80 net. (Postage, 38 cents.) (An enormous sale through our authorized agents. For terms and territory, address the ‘‘S. B. 5. Department.”’) Mabie, Hamilton W., Editor Fairy Tales Every Child Should Know A careful selection of the best tales of all times for young folks. Uniform with ‘‘Poems” and ‘Myths Every Child Should Know.” Net, 90 cents. (Postage, 9 cents.) Poultry Book, The Written by experts, this is the one book for the Amateur, the Fancier, the Professional Breeder and the General Farmer. In three volumes, superbly illustrated. $13.60. Subscrip- tion. Richmond, Grace S. Landon Perceval The Indifference of Juliet A story that will appeal to all lovers of sentiment and bright youthfulness. Eight full-page illustrations and decorations by Henry Hutt. $1.50. The Walking Delegate The Review of Reviews says: “Buck Foley is one of the most powerful, vivid and almost tangible characters in the fiction of recent years. He is superbly vigorous and alive. Both as a human document and as a work of art ‘The Walking Dele- gate’ is a book of extraordinary worth.” Second printing. Frontispiece. $1.50. Watson, H. B. Marriott “Love of woman, love of gold, love of life, love of the sea.””— Philadelphia Item. Ilustrated. $1.50. Wise, John S. The Lion’s Skin By the author of “The End of an Era.” ‘No book of its kind in recent years is comparable with it. There is a peculiar Southern charm that is irresistible.”—Richmond News-Dealer. $1.50. Scott, Leroy Hurricane Island THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 This is a “FIRE-CLOSET” the modern substitute for out- door closets and garbage cans. Guaranteed odorless and sold on trial. sive. Sanitary and inexpen- Let us send a booklet. INTERNATIONAL INCINERATOR CO. 648 Prudential Building, Buffalo, N. Y. CA Good Tree ts a Good Thing to Have A good tree, well planted and properly cared for, will give either pleasure or profit or both to the one who plants. He who plants a TREE, SHRUB, VINE or FLOWERING PLANT is a benefactor, and shows an apprecia- tion for the good things a wise and kind CREATOR has provided for the comfort and pleasure of his creatures here on earth. Our long experience has taught us what a good TREE is and how to grow it. We have a full line and quantities of all kinds of TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc. See our advertisement in August, September and October issues of this magazine. Our 418-page catalogue free. Address THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO. Incorporated | NEW CANAAN, = = aes CONNECTICUT A Pergola from Left-overs PERGOLA built entirely from left- overs is one of the most stately and at- tractive of any in our neighborhood—a neigh- borhood displaying many characteristic forms of this popular Italian method of decorating the home grounds. An unsightly pile of rough stone, the remains of a mortar bed, a bank of sand, and an immense pile of tree branches resulting from the removal of three big trees that stood on the site of the new home, provided an abundance of material, but offered very little promise of beauty or stateliness for pergola building until the con- structive ideas of the home builder were centred upon the left-overs. The stone pile consisted of discarded foundation stones and the rough, flat slabs of field stone removed from the ground in dig- ging the cellar of the new house. These thin slabs were piled in rough but symmetrical fashion to form square piers about two feet thick, sunk about two and a half feet below grade, and standing seven and a half feet above the ground. Two or three bushels of 275. A pergola can be easily made from the left: over stones of the house builders for the piers and cedar beam poles forthe top. Plant light vines for the top and put lilies along the sides between Jhe piers lime and an extra load of sand were neces- sary for adding to the old mortar bed. This being the only material required in addition to the left-overs (and two days’ work from a stone mason the only extra expense), the in- | genious owner, who devoted much of his spare time to its construction out of business hours, found occasion for special pride in its small cost as well as in its attractiveness. The piers stand in pairs, eight feet apart across the path, with ten feet from pier to pier along the path, thus making the pergola | of six pairs of piers extend fifty feet in length. In the building of the piers a plentiful supply of mortar was used in the foundations and in the centres of the piers above ground, but the stone slabs were carefully selected for the outer surfaces, and arranged in such manner that they are kept securely in place without visible mortar. This contributes to the rough effect that is the most striking and de- sirable characteristic. The left-over tree branches provided a most appropriate finish for ‘“‘tying” the piers across the top. The straightest branches of sufficient length were selected and trimmed to uniform length without removing the bark. Two of these were laid lengthwise between Beautiful Lawns Are the pride of the home; why disfigure with ugly clothes posts ? Hill’s Lawn Clothes Dryers hold 100 to 150 feet of line, take small space, quickly removed when not in use. Make a neat and tasty appearance, last a life-time. More than 2 million people use them. No traveling in wet grass. No snow shovel. The line comes to you. Also Balcony and Roof Clothes Dryers. If not found at your hardware store write HILL DRYER CO. 359 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass, Write tor Cat. 39. to 50 Bulbs for 50c. Our last and best bulb offer COLLECTION No. 1. Price scc. (Postage 20 cts. extra.) FOR POTS AND WINTER FLOWERING 3 Hyacinths, 3 Colors 3 Hyacinths, White Roman 4 Tulips, Single Scarlet 6 Oxalis, Buttercup 4 Tulips, Double White 12 Jonquils Campernelle 12 Freesia Refracta Alba 3 Narcissus, Paper White 3 Narcissus, Trumpet Major COLLECTION No. 2. Price 50c. (Postage 20 cts. extra.) FOR OUTSIDE PLANTING AND SPRING FLOWERS 2 Hyacinths, Red 6 Tulips, Single Mixed 2 Hyacinths, White 6 Tulips, Double Mixed } 2 Hyacinths, Blue 6 Narcissus, Single 10 Snowdrops 6 Narcissus, Double 10 Crocus, Mixed Colors Both collections sent by express for one dollar bill Illus- trated catalogue with cultural directions with every order. W. E. MARSHALL & CO., 146 West 22d St., New York CARNATION SUPPORT made of galvanized wire, to take the place of the old- fashioned insect-harboring, decaying, wooden supports. It means not only economy to private or market growers, but superior quality, greater quantity. SAMPLE DOZEN OFFERED: ORDER NOW. PRICES The Igoe Carnation Supports Two rings, per doz. $0.40 Two rings, per 100 3.00 Three rings, per doz. 0.50 Three rings, per 100 3.50 You also need some Tying Wire which does not rot or untie. No. 18, galvanized, 12 lbs. for 85c. No. 19, 12 Ibs. for $x. The IGOE TOMATO AND LARGE PLANT SUPPORTS mean a more abundant crop of Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and success of your heavily flowered plants, such as Pe- . onies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chrysan- - themums, etc. Same style as Carnation $1.75 per dozen. $12.50 per 100. Supports, but larger. IGOE BROTHERS, 228 North 9th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. NvUVEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THE CROWS WORST ENEMY FIREARMS take him out of doors, and keep him well employed. A Stevens rifle or shotgun is a teacher and compan- ion all in one, for it not only gives him something to do all the time, but it sharpens his wits, steadies his nerve, and makes him alert and careful. It raises his self-respect, for now he can be of greater use, helping to save the crops from crows, woodchucks, rabbits, foxes, or any other of the farmers’ foes. **Stevens-Maynard Jr.’”’ $3.00 *“Crack Shot”. . . . $4.00 “Little Krag” . . . . $5.00 “Favorite, No.17” . . $6.00 | fare all thoroughly reliable pieces, made for serviceable, lasting work. Cur Valuable Catalog Free to any one who is at all interested in a gun. 140 pages, dealing with single and double barrel shotguns, rifles, pistols; full of interest to anybody who shoots. Send two 2-cent stamps to cover postage, and you get it right away. Insist on Stevens. If your dealer can- not supply you, order from us direct. Our attractive three-color Aluminum Hanger will be sent anywhere for 10 cents in stamps. | J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY 1 420 High Street ( Chicopee Falls, Mass., U.S. A. 26am 6 NOTHING BUT in booklet of the LEEDLE ELORAL Best Varieties — Strongest Plants COMPANY Grown by Experts SPRINGFIELD, OHIO 1o Large 2-year-olds, Postpaid for $1 | Write to-day for our art booklet ** How OSeS to Grow Roses’ and cour New Floral Guide—FREE. CONARD & JONES CO., Box P, West Grove, Pa. Growers of ‘‘ the Best Roses in America. DECORATIVE PLANTS We grow the most beautiful Decorative and Christmas plants that are shown in the New York and other Metropolitan markets. Boston Fern, from 75 cents to $5 each; Piersoni Fern, 75 cents to $5 each; Scatti Fern, $1 to $5 each; Araucaria Excelsa, Australian Pine, at $1 to $4 each; Kentia Palms, from $2 to $25 each. Single plant or several in a pot if wanted. Our new catalogue now ready. Send for it. No charges for Packing. Cash with order, please. ANTON SCHULTHEIS Tropical Greenhouses COLLEGE POINT, L. I., N.Y. P. O. Box 78. | Our properties are in the prosperous community of Crescent Beach, | at Eastern End of Long Island-Sound. surroundings and s/eef are assured. while the proposition is open. LAND CO., Crescent Beach, Conn. | I= I operate exclusively in high-class properties of known value. Beautiful Country Homes ginia Farms. The common Barberry. The Japanese is still more beautiful. Glowing Red Berries for the Winter Landscape JAPANESE BARBERRY So beautiful is this shrub (Berberis Thunbergit) for winter effect that we again call attention to it. It is incomparably the best plant for winter cheer on the home grounds, holding its brilliant red berries all through the winter, and evenuntil May. Nothing in the winter landscape gives such an air of warmth and cosiness as these brilliant red berries against a background of snow, nor can anything exceed the grace with which they hang in long, slender sprays from the branches Most other bright berries are picked off by the birds, but these are never eaten. Why not plant a group near the front steps? Or, better, make a hedge across the front of your grounds. We have an unusually fine stock in heavy plants that have flowered for two years at the following prices: Per % doz. Per doz. Per % doz. Per doz. 13) to 2) feet .u..- $1.10 $2.00 Br LOR see lee tyra an: Tec 3.00 2 tOrZa tee are ae I.40 2.50 Let us make you up a shrubbery plan. We specialize on shrubs, and have a splendid assortment of the best varieties as well as many rare kinds. Send us a rough plan of your grounds, with the size, and we will gladly suggest the shrubs that will best be suited for your place. We grow as well the finest Evergreens and Deciduous Trees, Vines, Hedge Plants and Hardy Flowers. We have been growing choice stock since 1869. Our nurseries cover over roo acres. Send for catalogue. THADDEUS N. YATES & CO., Mount Airy Nurseries; PHILADELPHIA, PA. Real Estate For a Gift suburban to Washington, D. C., Maryland and Vir- Large 1,000-acre tracts from $10 to $15 Famous garden and truck Residential Estates. peracre. Waluable farms with salt water frontage. lands in Anne Arundle Co., Md. Business investments. Exclusively high- : class. Send for lists. GRANT PARISH, Washington, D. C. | the Anniversary Own a Bungalow at the Seashore | SHIPMENTS SAFELY | f Bl 22a Clock is the ideal H : ‘ remembrance for the Anniversary day—it is a rare gift that will last a lifetime, combining both beauty and_ utility. For your next anni- versary gift, order one of our handsome 400 Day Clocks and you will have the satisfaction of knowing your gift will be prized a lifetime. Price $15.60 express prepaid anywhere in the U.S. Write us today and we will send you our booklet, “Anniversary Time,”’ which illustrates and describes these wonderful clocks. Anderton & Son, Dept. C, Dayton, Ohio. We offer several special building propositions: Bungalow and Lot, $500 | Bungalow and Lot, $750 and up Bungalow and Lot, 650} Cottage and Lot, Nyere) Cottage and Lot, $1,000 and up Here cool breezes, healthy Write us for particulars now THE CRESCENT BEACH Fruit and Ornamental Trees KEE Pr . Evergreens Shade Trees] - Flower ng S her u bs |i Re Orsi eeas aauelse ties Camellias and Vines in great variety | This is the only month of the year you can select Crysanthemums intelli- gently. Go to a flower show, note the varieties you want and order them from us now. We will grow them especially to your order for Spring delivery. Wecansupply anyexisting variety if you order now and mention [HE GARDEN BIOTA AUREA NANA MaGaZINE. We are SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR hryvsanthemum LANDSCAPE GARDENING v Specialist Half a century in the business is a guar-~ antee of high quality of our products MADE TO ALL Importers, Originators and Disseminators of the Best Novelties and Standard PARTS OF THE WORLD Varisties Catalog Free | one Spring Catalogue in Established 1856. 460 Acres in Nurseries ft | ges aa ; a January P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (Inc.) NATHAN SMITH & SON Fruitland Nurseries, - AUGUSTA, GA. ] | ; 112 W. Maumee St., Adrian, Mich. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1905 PIONEERS IN LILIES We created the business of importing the ‘‘ Incompar- able Japanese Lilies” and have always maintained the lead. Here are the best lilies of Japan, Europe and America. (All our lilies bloom the first year.) JAPAN LILIES Each Doz 100 L. Auratum (Golden Queen Lily) large bulbs ..........$0.08 $0.85 $6.00 L. Longiflorum, pure white trumpet, Jarge bulbs ...... 08 .85 6 00 L. Spec. Rubrum, white, rosy red spots, large bulbs L. Spec. [elpomene, white and deep ruby red, large bulbs .12 L. Spec. Album, pure white, reflexed petals, large bulbs L. Spec. Rubellum, rose colored, short trumpet EUROPEAN LILIES L. Candidum (Madonna or St. Joseph's Lily), extra imammothabulllbssmeserer ceieeteitarecerciiceriee ier meerate “18 1.25 8.co L. Candidum, very large ‘bulbs Ae Ac cere tere a Sty wba 10 1.00 6.00 NATIVE ATERICAN LILIES ‘ L. Superbum (magnificent Tiger Lily).................. 10 1.00 7.00 oun SEPTEMBER BUEE QUEER if L. Philadelphicum, yellow, maroon spots ........-...- 10 1.00 7.00 P b L. Tenuifolium, bright scarlet ..........-......--..22-- 10 1.00 6.00 You may yet plant the beautiful bulbs we L. Wallacei, rosy to apricot tinted................-.-.-- 10 1.10 8.00 offered September before the frost comes, or plant them for winter flowers indoors. A remarkable window garden collection for $1.00. (See September GARDEN MaGAZzINe, page 7, for list of this collection.) Send us only a dollar bill if you want it. OF LILIES OUR $ .00 OFF ER FOR NOVEMBER NEW Our Catalogue contains full lists of all lilies. H HoBERGHR & CO. 47 Baclae St New vore SPRAYING INDOOR. PLANTS For spraying and watering plants indoors and out the year round the Lenox Sprayer is one of the most serviceable inventions of years for the house and garden. House plants generally suffer from lack of moisture, such as the rain or the morning dew supplies them. This Sprayer produces a misty shower that supplies the want of the plant most naturally and com- pletely—as is absolutely necessary to real success with house plants. Spraying for insects and dust, it reaches every part of the plant over and under the leaves, where insects live and breed. Spraying with a few drops of ammonia in the water or tobacco soap suds will surely kill the insects It is used effectively on rose bushes and all shrubbery in the flower garden. cts. Pre- paid We will send one each of all the above named hardy lilies for a one-dollar bill. The entire superb collec- tion by express, if ordered NOW. SEND FOR IT. ESTABLISHED 1878 ast i tee de : and help the plants to bloom. 2 two-cent Sent complete, with a cake of tobacco soap free, stamps ts if you mention The Garden Magazine,for. .. | 2! d0usendtous- | THE LENOX MFG. CO., 1298 Broadway, New York | How to Grow Narcissus Paper- White Grandiflora in Water A VERY unique, simple, and novel way to grow this variety of Narcissus is to place six or eight bulbs in a shallow glass or china bowl] with water. Support the bulbs with pebbles or gravel as you would the Chinese Sacred Lily bulbs; place the bowl in a dark place until the roots have started, when you should bring them to the light. Keep the bowls filled with water and the bulbs will take care of themselves. You will have a beauti- ful and luxuriant display of delightfully fragrant flowers in a short time—in fact within six weeks after planting if de- sired. The flowers are nearly two inches across, a dozen or more in a cluster, and are in no way inferior to those grown in garden soil. A num- ber of bowls planted in suc- cession of two weeks apart will give a beautiful display of flowers all winter. PRICE 50 cents per dozen; $3.00 per hundred Delivered free anywhere in the United States STUMPP & WALTER, Seedsmen, 50 Barclay St., New York Catalogue of fall bulbs for outdoor and indoor planting mailed free GROWN IN SOIL GROWN IN WATER each pier, with the top stone work built over them to prevent slipping; and on this double- branch support other straight saplings were laid across the pergola, from ten to twelve inches apart, to form a rustic roof. Such a pergola might be constructed at slight expense where there are no left-overs to supply the bulk of the material, wherever the soil of the home grounds is rocky; as the rough field stone is quite as satisfactory as picked quarry stone, when proportions and construction are on stately lines. Good larch poles are the best material for the rustic roof- ing, as the hard wood withstands the weather, and the long branches are comparatively straight. Pyrpre Westcott HumPHREYS. Pennsylvania. Make Chili Sauce of Your Surplus Tomatoes fa sme rule for pickle that gives small enough proportions to use up the odds and ends of vegetables, as they accumulate, is a useful addition to the family cook book. This recipe for chili sauce, which originated in our own family, calls for vegetables that are to be found in any garden at this season, and in such quantities as can be conveniently handled with other work. A jar or two, made every few days during the tomato season, will give a good supply for winter use. Three quarts mashed ripe tomatoes, six medium-sized green peppers, four white onions, one heaping cup of sugar, one-half cup of salt, two cups of vinegar, one even tablespoonful of cinnamon, one-eighth tea- spoonful cayenne pepper, one-half even tablespoonful cloves and allspice mixed. Skin the tomatoes before mashing. Chop the peppers and onions, but it is not neces- sary that they be chopped very fine. If the pickle is wanted quite sweet more sugar will be needed. Unless the vinegar is sharp, more may be required to make it sour enough. Use ground spices in each case. Boil slowly for three hours. This will make between one and two quarts when finished. The same rule makes good catsup if six cups of vinegar instead of two are used. This sauce can be made any time of year that green peppers are in market by using canned tomatoes, and is, of course, less trouble than the other way. We have made our pickle according to this rule for a number of seasons, and it has always kept perfectly until we used it up the following summer. It has also met with great approval on the part of our friends. I. M. ANGELL. NOVEMBER, 1905 For Fall Planting We offer practically all the best new and old varieties of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, including a splendid col- lection of Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Plants, etc. Send us your list of probable wants for special quotations, and ask for our complete catalogue The great care we take in the grading and packing of all orders 1s certain to meet with the complete approval of all who receive shipments from us. It costs us more to do this way, but we want to make permanent customers of those who favor us with a trial order. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Connecticut The Best Decorative House Plant The Improved Dense Growing Boston Fern GOLD MEDALS New Orleans and St. Louis SILVER MEDALS Philadelphia ; (The Shaw § Newport,R.L.; Breda | anid Boston; New orld’s Fair, ss St. Louis.) York Florist Club; Ameri- can Institute ; and Society | of American Florists. HIGHEST AWARD Chicago, Otta- wa, Toronto. @ The Nephrolepis Scotti introduced last year, and a member of the Boston family (Vephrolepis), is universally recognized by the florists of this country as a great improvement over the Boston Fern. @ It is as strong as the Boston, but more compact. @ It makes a more bushy and luxuriant growth. @ It makes three times as many fronds as the Boston in a given time. @ Its comparative hardiness (being able to stand the trials of indoor growing), its beauty and com- pactness, make it without question the best decorative house plant. q It being my own introduction, I have an especially fine stock of strong, well grown plants. WRITE FOR PRICES. I am also Headquarters for DECORATIVE PLANTS of all kinds. JOHN SCOTT, BROOKLYN, N.Y. East 45th Street and Rutland Road, HARDY POMPOM CHRYSANTHEMUMS Make Your Grounds Beautiful (B. & A. SPECIALTIES) Phlox, In our Nurseries are growing upwards of fifty varieties, covering ———— the most striking coijors, from the most delicate pink to the most brilliant scarlet, from the purest white to the richest purple. ‘The plants will give a profusion of bloom next summer. Special, $1.25 per 10; $10 per 100. This is the true old-fashioned kind. Hardy Chrysanthemums. We have them in all colors. You can never tire of this flower, blooming in October and November when all others are dead. Special, $1.25 per 10; $10 per 100. English Pot Grown Grape Vines for Indoor Culture. We import a large quantity and can give special prices. Call and inspect our Vines in season. Five thousand specimens, including several hundred Blue Spruce. WEEPING SPECIMENS. Such a collection cannot be seen in any other Nursery in the world. Call and see them. Ask for our new Fall catalogue. BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. 3 ep agazine. + HARDY FLOWERS Strong field grown clumps planted this autumn will be established and ready to afford a wealth of bloom earlier in the Spring than if you wait till April. Send for attractive folder price-list of the best old fashioned sorts. Order early. At the Westbury Nurseries one may choose everything for the com- plete planting of a place. We would call special attention to our stock of splendidly grown, heavily rooted shade trees, flowering shrubs, and ever- greens. Then to our specialty: extra size nursery trees 15 to 30 feet high, grown 8 to 25 feet apart for perfect development. Then choose the great spreading shade tree, 12 to 20 inches in diameter and 25 to 50 feet high, that completes the picture. Our catalogue, “ Trees for Long Island,’ opens anew field in horti- cultural knowledge. ISAAC HICKS AND SON (EDWARD HICKS, HENRY HICKS) Nurserymen and Scientific Tree-movers Westbury Station, & E 2 LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 195 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Poultry, Kennel and Information about the selection or care of dog Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarpEN MaGazin_E, 133 East 16th St. Live Stock Directory gs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. , New York GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS S. C. Buff Orpingtons White Wyandottes S. C. Black Muinorcas Yards stocked with birds of the most noted prize-winning strains in America. 2,000 to select from. for sale, of all varieties for breeding or exhibition. Old and young stock FRANK W. GAYLOR, Manager; White Plains, N. Y. Winnetka Collie Kennels MEADOW FARM Winnetka, Illinois The home of present and future COLLIE CHAMPIONS They have taken 146 First and Special Prizes since January, 1902 PUPPIES and GROWN STOCK FOR SALE How we raise and prepare SQUABS squabs for market. Prices. Profits. Care of Breeders. Details of management in the most perfectly equipped Squab Plant in the world. ‘Ten cents. | ROYAL SQUAB CO. Box 10 NORWALK, CONN. MOUTH ROCK SQUAKS, which are the EAT SQUABS largest and best. Squabs are raised in ea 4 weeks, sell for 2.50 to 66.00 doz. Good money breed- } ing them everywhere; women do well. - We were the first— —/ our books, breeding methods and famous Plymouth Rock big thoroughbred Homers revolutionized the in- dustry, Visitors welcome at farm; correspondence invited. First send for our Free Book,‘ How to and when you buy them ask for PLY- wey ACR Aer Are WIGS Foe Ayre Ayoyr i feed bed i and learn this profitable busi- ness. Ask also for new printed matter. PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 339 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. 4 = For Sale—Rough Collies Dogs and bitches, grown and puppies, will be sold cheap. For further particulars address M. Bullocke, &sth St. and 2nd Ave., Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn, N.Y. Cairnsmuir Fox ‘Terriers MAJOR G. M. CARNOCHAN NEW CITy, ROCKLAND Co., NEW YORK (N.Y. office 44 New St. ), offers young puppies either wire or smooth haired'to be shipped as soon as weaned. DOGS $15, BITCHES $10. This is an excellent opportunity to obtain the Cairnsmuir blood at very reasonable prices. Purchasers should send cheque with order, stating sex and variety. Grown dogs and older puppies for sale at alltimes. Also Welsh terriers. Tae Onrtek Mapas: The ideal dog for the home—as a watch dog, as a compan- ion and for sport. Noted for intelligence. Larger thana fox terrier, rough coated, with a constitution of iron. The hardiest dog alive. Death to rats and other vermin. We ship to all parts of the country and guarantee safe delivery. For further particulars address BURNLEY KENNELS, Box 272, NEW YORK CITY KENNELS AT NETHERWOOD, N. J. AIREDALE TERRIERS Send for illustrated, descriptive cir- cular of the handsomest, gamest, and most reliable of all breeds of dogs, the AIREDALE TERRIERS. Ay ; ALEX. SMITH, Superintendent Ke) COLNE KENNELS c Petite Cote, near Montreal Canada am OO BRIDGEMAN’S CATALOGUE OF HIGH GRADE BULBS and SEEDS for Fall Sowing. Mailed Free BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE, 37 East 19th St.. New York City AIREDALE TERRIERS GERALD HOWATT | Expert Judge of Domestic Animals | | Professional assistance in the selec- tion of Live Stock. I have bought and. sold fine animals in almost every State in the Union. Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Poultry LAKE STREET, WHITE PLAINS,N.Y. Poultry Supplies The right supplies go a long way toward making poultry more profitable. You'll find our various “‘ Vigor’’ Foods great helps. All other leading foods and supplies and Cyphers’ Incubators and Brooders. Write for our free IIlustrated Poultry Supply Book— a very helpful book. JOHNSON & STOKES, Dept. A8 217-219 Market Street PHILADELPHIA 191-5 Water St., J. S. WOODHOUSE, [xiv vert city Agricultural Implements for Field and Garden SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR 1906 CATALOGUE We have complete outfits for yachts, etc. Every detail inclu required. Light all the Time, plenty of power for pumping water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. ] reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who is likely to be interested our new 60-page Catalogue describ- ing over 130 different outfits. URSTANDARD NOS” JOO LIGHT OUTFIT. camps, hotels, schools, launches. actical. So simple no electrician oline or Steam engines used give We would like to send every residences of any size, summer home ided; very best material; absolutely as storage battery included. Gas, Ga Address Lighting Department RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., Hartford, Conn. NOVEMBER, 1905 s@TRAILERS LET SES STN EE Two Good Hardy Vines INES offer the best means of getting quick effects near buildings, and make a garden look more really worth while the very first season. Plant annual vines at first until the permanent vines grow up sufficiently. For screens, too, where some unsightly object ' is to be hidden, use vines on trellises while the permanent shrubbery is attaining proper size. For temporary hedges use vines. Long stretches of green are never monotonous and some of our vines have showy flowers besides. There are very few buildings which are not improved by having vines planted lavishly about them. The same amount of luxuriant growth cannot be had in any other class of plants at so little cost. Vines are for _ everybody. A five-cent packet of morning | glory seed will accomplish wonders. The most popular rapid-growing vine is Boston ivy (Ampelopsis Veitchi1). No other hardy climber seems so perfectly adapted to the covering of brick walls. Its clinging tendrils find easy anchorage on any masonry. It has wonderful variety of leaf—ranging from tiny heart-shaped leaves half an inch in length to huge trefoils three inches across. The young shoots.and the undivided leaves they bear are so different from the woody stems and fissured leaves of older growth that the effect is that of two vines of different habits springing from the same root. For frame houses, Boston ivy is almost too luxuri- ant unless used on trellises. The dense blanket of its foliage, shutting out the sun, may even keep the walls damp. In the fall it changes from green to bright scarlet. The native Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) is as well suited for use on wooden walls as is Boston ivy to masonry. 'In some respects, the Virginia creeper—or woodbine, as is better known throughout the North Central States—is more picturesque in this growth than the Boston ivy. The ten- drils of the latter catch on every projection within reach and draw the stems down to form as flat a surface as the wall beneath. The tendrils of woodbine, fewer in number and demanding more obvious anchorages, allow the vine to assume all sorts of charac- teristic and irregular forms. Woodbine and Boston ivy seem to be equally hardy north of the Ohio River. Both are showy in the fall and retain their red foliage until well into November. Between them there is little to choose save that the Vir- ginia creeper requires support, where the Bos- ton ivy finds or makes its own way. Boston ivy spreads its mantle of green over the walls almost from its roots, while woodbine is more capricious in some cases, flinging out creepers only at intervals until it is well up the walls. NOVEMBER, 1905 BAY STATE MOOR SERIES W.H. WYMAN, North Abington, Mass. Hardy Ornamentals, Shade and Evergreen Trees in great variety HARDY RHODODENDRONS, ROSES SHRUBS and VINES OUR HERBACEOUS DEPARTMENT con- tains nearly one thousand varieties of Hardy Perennials, new and old: Paeonies, Phlox, Iris, Hardy Asters, etc. I905 Catalogue Free OWNERS OF COUNTRY ESTATES are par- ticulary invited to get our prices. New Hybrid Perpetual ROSE Frau Karl Druschki New Hardy White Rose, most important Novelty of recent years. Beautiful in bud and, when fully developed, vigorous and a continuous bloomer. We can supply field grown plants. Send for New Catalogue describing this and other Novelties and Specialties for Fall Plant- ing. Address ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen— Horticulturists Drawer 1044 AC ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE GARDEN MAGAZIN The Garden Magazine: Now is the Time to Transplant Bear in mind that trees, shrubs and hardy plants succeed best if planted in the Autumn. Send for the illustrated. catalogue of the famous Dwyer Fruit and Ornamental Shade Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Creeping Vines and Small Fruits. We have on hand a full line of hardy, vigorous, acclimated stock grown in our own nurseries, guaranteed true to name, free from disease; sure to grow and give satisfaction. We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Our Catalogue mailed free. Write to-day. T. J. DWYER &CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, N.Y. Culture Pure Spawn,” Meramec ip Hie bands j=nio- E 197 The Beautiful Japanese Anemone HARDY flower of rare charm that wil in any loca- A tion, either in sun or shade, and flowers fusely during September and October, when mos : 1 the garden looks dead. Without question the Ane hardy fall flower after the phlox and before the Its blossoms are either pure white or an exquisite shade of pink, and, massed against a dark background, makes a strikingly beautiful effect for the Autumn garden. Moreover, the Anemone is excellent for cutting and will furnish flowers for the house in great abundance. Can be grown in any good garden soil, We have exceptionally fine plants this fall. Strong one-year- old, just the size to set out now. The Queen Charlotte, with its large pink flowers, is especially beautiful. PINK SINGLE —A. Japonica. Car- | DOUBLE — A. Japonica Queen mine with yellow center. | Charlotte. Flowers a_ beautiful and pleasing shade of pink, semi- | double, very /arge, fine for cutting. WHITE SINGLE—A. Japonica alba. | DOUBLE—A. Japonica Whirl- Fine large white flower. Au- wind. Flowers pure white. gust to November. Price $1.50 per dozen. $10 per hundred We strongly recommend you to plant Anemones. They can be planted with entire safety during November until the ground is frozen —the sooner, of course, the better. Catalogue on request. JB: KELLER SONS Growers of Hardy Perennials 1023 South Ave., Rochester, N. Y. MUSHROOMS Cornell Experiment Station got two pounds of mushrooms per sq. foot of bed with ‘* Tissue-Culture Pure Spawn’”’ You can do equally as well if you use the right kind of spawn. Our illustrated book- let is sent free. Tells all about it. Pure Culture Spawn Co. 12 Mushrooms, 4 lbs., from ‘‘ Tissue- WITHIN WINDOW GARDENS exerroness REACH Do you know that the possibilities of a window garden are, in a measure, as great as those offered by a conservatory? A window garden will not only give you growing flowers all winter with plenty for cutting, but it will enable you to have a number of fresh vegetables or more before your neighbors. In an incredibly small space you can start little boxes of Tomato, Cucumber, Celery and other vegetables, as well as flower seeds for setting out early in the spring, which will fill your garden with annuals in June, whereas annuals sowed outdoors would not bloom until July, and vegetables, of course, suffer a ARTISTIC WINDOW GARDENS made in sections all fitted and ready for erection on arrival, in plain or tinted cathedral glass. PRICES FROM $5.00 UPWARDS in spring a fortnight AE ak corresponding delay ae my: These window gardens are as architecturally beautiful as they are prac- tical and will give distinction and tone to any house. FOR GREENHOUSES amateurs Greenhouses from $20.00 Conservatories from $50.00 These small, practical greenhouses embody the essentials of the large structures, giving all the pleasures and profit possi- bilities of the large and expensive greenhouses. Vineries, Orchid Houses, Garden Frames, Hand Lights, Port- able Buildings, Summer Cottages, Hunting Lodges, Auto and Boat Houses, Portable House-Boats, Studios, Workshops, etc Designs and estimates free. Prompt shipments can be made. Order now, sending full particulars of size and requirements desired. You can have flowers in abundance for Christmas if you order at once. C. H. MANLEY, - Premier Mfg. Works, St. Johns, Mich. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ‘* An Automobile with a Reputation Behind It” THE Studebaker Automobiles appeal to motorists who are capable of judging mechanical excellence in every part from original design to the smallest point of workmanship. In these days of hastily made automo- biles the name Studebaker offers absolute assurance of reliability. The graceful lines, the easy operation, the acces- sible mechanism of a Studebaker, are of minor importance to the strong feeling of confidence which the name Studebaker gives. Studebaker Electrics and Studebaker 2 and 4 Cylinder Cars Write for complete catalogues. Prompt delivery assured on early orders. STUDEBAKER AUTOMOBILE COMPANY, South Bend, Ind. Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. T is not necessary to be an authority on carriage quality in order to make selections from the Stude- baker warerooms. Studebaker styles are standard and cover the widest possible range of modern vehicles. Studebaker vehicles are the choice of those who seek elegance of carriage equipment as well as those who are thoroughly competent to appreciate their fine points. Appropriate harness and accessories are always kept in stock at Studebaker repositories. STUDEBAKER BROS. MFG. COMir ANY, South Bend, Ind. New York City, Broadway and 7th Ave., at 48th St. Portland, Ore., 330 to 336 E. Morrison Street Chicago, Ill., 378 to 388 Wabash Avenue Denver, Col., corner 15th and Blake Streets Kansas City, Mo., 810 to 814 Walnut Street Salt Lake City, Utah, 157 to 159 State Street San Francisco, Cal., corner Market and roth Sts. Dallas, Texas, 317 to 319 Elm Street Local Agencies Everywhere Factory and Executive Offices: SOUTH BEND, IND. NOVEMBER, 1905 Agencies in all principal cities. Phlox for Fall inne STRONG FIELD-GROWN PLANTS, to flower profusely next summer. ASSORTMENT OF SHOWY, DISTINCT, BEAUTIFUL VARIETIES OF VARIOUS COLORS. HE PHLOX is hardy, vigorous, and easily grown in any good soil with ordinary care. Its flowers are attractive and brilliant, and appear in profusion in mid-summer and early autumn, when the garden needs to be enlivened with bright colors. Once planted the Phlox does well for three years, then the plants should be divided and replanted. We recommend the following effective varieties : Coquelicot—fiery red; Menri Murger—white, carmine center; La Vague—silvery rose; Lothair—rich salmon; Pantheon, pink; Parachnte—purple; Pharaon—light purple; Richard Wallace— white, violet center; William Kobinson—salimon, rose center. Send for booklet containing descriptions of movelties and special- ties (both fruit and ornamental) for fall planting, also descrip- tion of the exquisite, new, hardy white rose, Frau Karl Druschkt. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Nurserymen, Horticulturists Drawer 1044 A. C., Rocuester, N.Y. For October and November Planting The plants named below will give abun- dant bloom next season. We offer heavy clumps of these and other hardy perennials. Phlox—Elegant varieties; heavy plants, both upright and creeping, early and late blooming. Peonies—Superb varieties; very large clumps. Iris—Heavy clumps, either named or in mixture. Japanese Lilies—One of our special- ties; large bulbs in the best and har- diest varieties. Hyacinths, Tulips and Daffodils planted in October and November make a magnificent show in April and May. Extra selected sizes of the best varieties. We offer also a full line of other hardy stock, including Roses, Shrubs and Trees, both fruit and ornamental, many of them in extra sizes. CATALOGUE FREE S. G. HARRIS, Tarrytown, N. Y. EVERY PAIR WARRANTED GEORGE FROST CO., Makers, Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Ferns Now Your attention may wisely be given at this season to the planting of our Hardy Ferns. WE OFFER PIPITY ENDS suited for every position and condition. If you have a shaded nook or corner, ferns will very naturally grace it; or a dry, open, barren plot, ferns will make it attractive and beautiful. Send for Gillett’s fern and flower catalogue, which will tell you much about their cultivation. EDW. GILLETT Southwick Nurseries SOUTHWICK, MASS. May be Offered You to Increase Dealers’ Profits Substitutes INSIST ON HAVING THE GENUINE Sample pair, Mer. 25c, Silk 50c. Mailed on receipt of price. CUSHION BUTTON HOSE SUPPORTER FOR THE NAME x , LOOK On‘tvery Loop Fa SEZ MUSHROOM GROWING iustr¥ Demand Exceeds Supply Perhaps it has never occured to you that there is an industry affording large profits on the investment which is practically unde- veloped in this country—one that requires but small capital and can be enlarged to vast proportions and successfully conducted summer or winter in any part of the country. ‘There is such an industry and it consists of Growing Mushrooms. Mushrooms are one of the finest delicacies of the table, and hotels and restaurants are never able to supply the demand for fresh mushrooms and for this reason are obliged to serve the canned article, which is comparatively tasteless. ‘The regular market value of mushrooms ranges from 40 cents to 75 cents per pound, according to the quality, and anyone can raise the choicest varieties by buying the right spawn (seeds) and caring for the mushroom beds in accordance with directions. One does not hear much of mushroom culture, for the reason that those engaged in it do not talk about it for fear of encouraging competition. Of late, however, the large daily papers and some of the magazines have printed articles on the opportunities offered in this field, and a few are beginning to take advantage of them. A MOTORMAN MAKES $1500.00 i, NO Base The Chicago Tribune, in its issue of December 18th, 1904, contained an account of a motorman in that city who started in a small way raising mushrooms in his cellar. It proved so profitable that the fol- lowing winter he rented a warm cellar under a livery stable, and worked in it at spare moments growing mushrooms. He retained his street-car position HOTEL MANAGER’S INVEST- MENT Joseph T. McCormick, proprietor of the Willmore, Winber, Pa., writes us July 22: “The spawn I bought from you is surely fine. I cut six pounds nearly every morning. I shad one mushroom that weighed almost g ounces. Am pleased very much for my first attempt. I am going to put down 4 or 5 more beds. I could sell all I have if I cared to; and reaped earnings of $1500.00 a year from the mushroom beds. ‘This simply illustrates the won- derful opportunities in this line of work. What this man has done any one can do, and by devoting more time to the industry the profits, of course, be- come greater. ment? NO SPECIAL BUILDING REQUIRED, COST, ETC. The impression that in order to grow mushrooms it was necessary to erect very expensive special buildings, or find a warm, deep, dark cave or specially constructed cellar, has probably been created by the mushroom growers. who desire to monopolize this wonder- fully profitable business. Any cellar, basement, shed, abandoned outhouse or waste space can be made to fairly bristle with mushrooms. It might be well to mention right here that a mushroom bed, by absorbing the moisture in the atmosphere, makes a cellar more healthful. As regards expense, you can make down a bed of 100 square feet, the spawn of which would cost not over $6.00; such a bed will produce daily over 10 pounds of mushrooms for a period of from 60 to go days. In other words, your $6.00 investment will net you not less than $5.00 per day after the growth begins. It requires very little more work to take care of a bed five times as large. In fact one person could manage a spacé of 5,000 square feet, if it could be obtained. Of course failures can be made in growing mushrooms, for there are always some people who cannot make a success of anything; but anyone who will carefully follow instructions will find it as easy to successfully grow mushrooms as they would to raise the average vegetables. Bear in mind that no matter how many mushrooms you raise a ready market for them may always be found. Hotels and restaurants will contract in advance for your entire output. OUR SPAWN GUARANTEED Unless you buy good spawn you cannot ex- pect the best results. We handle three varieties and guarantee all of them. In other words, we will replace any of our spawn which fails to grow. We furnish spawn sufficient for a bed of 100 square feet at the following prices: U.S. Special, $6.00. Imperial, $5.00. French-English, $5.00. A smaller amount may be purchased if desired. Over $8000.00 has been spent in laboratory work on the U.S. Special, bringing it up to the highest possible standard. Write us for our free book, which tells you all about our varieties, gives full instructions for making beds, and shows you how to start in this paying industry. We will also send you extracts from U.S. Government Report. ‘Full information will be sent you free. iS: SEED CO: 218 Odd Fellow’s Building, St, Louis but use them myself.” Mr. McCormick paid $2.00 for his spawn and is cutting at least $3.00 worth of mushrooms nearly every day, and the bed will bear for about three months. Isn’t that a great invest- A cleaner, purer soap than “ Packer's” has never been made. Each ingredient is the best ob- tainable—in kind and quality — and every care is taken in mak- ings lt 1s a) purtivine lather luxury, quickly soothing and healing irritations of the skin due to chapping, chafing, per- spiration, etc. Invaluable for toilet, nursery and shampooing purposes. PACKERS [TAR SOME PURE AS THE PINES The Packer Mfg. Co., New York The long-needle Southern Pine (Pinus palustris) from which is obtained the pine-tar used in Packer's Tar Soap. THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK A Gold Medal Achievement: Indoor and Outdoor 1 C DECEMBER adding the Fringed Gentian to Plants for Christmas 0 r 1905 our Garden Flowers Beauty and Cheer $1.00 a Year - WORK + COVNTRY LIFE $828 DOVBLEDAY PAGE & a g} THE WORLDS *IN AMERICA- 1 133:1354137 EAST 16TH ST-NEW YORK TOMATOES IN FEBRUARY ERHAPS you recall that our October ad. pictured the Irvington-on-Hudson man’s Greenhouse —a nice little compact affair that fills him with healthy enthusiasm—and abundant vegetables besides? You remember that after the roses were gone he started Tomatoes, Melons, Cucumbers and the like. é This cut shows just how the Tomatoes looked last February—7o days after starting from the seed. His method is to cut off all “laterals” and train the main stem along wires a foot from the glass. At every joint will form an almost grape-like cluster of smooth, meaty, delicately flavored fruit. _While the cluster on the first joint will be ripe the next is a bit green, the one above all green, and so on up to the last, which is just in bloom. Thus he has a continuous yield from the same plants. On the other side bench—out of sight on the left—are the cucumbers and melons. almost see the azaleas and Easter-lily plants in the middle, with violets on the side beds. Through the partition beyond you can - The returns in flower joys and table delicacies from one of these snug little houses is surprising! at Rye, N. Y., had abundant flowers all the seasons through, raised enough vegetables to pay for all the coal of the heating plant, besides buying $75 worth of bedding stock. The owner of this house The Gorden Magazine. We want you to know about our lean-to greenhouse at $500; the single-apartment, even-span house; the more extensive ones with a palm house—in all, a most interesting collection of illustrations. Send for collection U-G. BURNHAM.HITCHINGS-P IERSON COMPANY, 1131 Broadway, New York Boston Branch: 819 Tremont Building BODDINGTON’S BULBS BLOOM / The Fall bulb season is fast drawing to a close, and I now make this interesting offer of bulbs to bring brightness and cheer to the WINDOW FLOWER GARDEN Dutch Hyacinths Single Tulips Dowble Tulips Freesias (white) Double Daffodils Paper White Narcissus Chinese Sacred Narcissus Easter Lily (Liltum longiflorum) 10 Crocus—various colors BD Bulbs this large and superb collection of bulbs (value $1.60), BO l H especially adapted for growing in your window, and the $ l 00 book mentioned below will be sent for 0 valuable Che Gindow Flower Garden, Pers J. Hewes. The this enterprising volume embodies his personal experience in window gardening during a long period. New and enlarged edition. Illustrated. 123 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth, vaiue $0.50. Or I will send, for one dollar, the above collection of bulbs alone, express pre- paid, with my beautiful illustrated catalogue, containing cultural directions. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON SEEDSMAN. 342 WEST 14th STREET, NEW YORK CITY THE TWO STANDARD _ BOOKS Greenhouse Management A Manual for Florists and Flower Lovers on the Forcing of Flowers, Vegetables and Fruits in Green- houses, and the Propagation and Care of House Plants. Bi olees Re HE author has had unusual facilities for studying this entire subject, practically as well as scientifically, and has here given the results not only of his own experience, but also those of many of the most skilful experts in their respective specialties. It treats of all the plants commonly cultivated by florists and amateurs, and explains in a thorough manner the methods that have been found most successful in growing them; also the forcing of grapes, strawberries, peaches and other fruits and vegetables, including lettuce, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, mushrooms, etc. The care of house plants is also treated quite fully, with detailed directions for propagating, preparing the soil, potting, watering, and every part of their proper management. 128 original and practical illustrations, 5x7 ins., 400 pages. Cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.50 Greenhouse Construction A Complete Manual on the Build- ing, Heating, Ventilating and Arrangement of Greenhouses, and the Construction of Hotbeds, Frames and Plant Pits. ANP IT REENHOUSES and conservatories, hotbeds and coldframes, forcing houses and pits, all receive full and detailed treatment. The lucid descriptions of each topic and the 118 diagrams and _ illustrations make every detail clear to both the amateur and_ professional gardener or florist, and enable the beginner to proceed without fear of loss from errors of con- struction or arrangement. Many of the illustra- tions are half-tone engravings from photographs of actual greenhouses and forcing establish- ments. This treatise is the only work pub- lished in America on greenhouse construction by practical American methods, and for the actual needs of American horticulture. Profusely illustrated, 5x7 ins., 218 pages. Cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.50 The Chrysanthemum By ARTHUR HERRINGTON HE most complete and comprehensive work on the cultivation of the chrysanthemum that has yet been published in America. The lucid, comprehensive, as well as the practical, character of its contents, which, if strictly followed, cannot fail to bring about the desired results, namely, the obtaining of large chrysanthemum flowers in the greenhouse and a profusion of bloom in the garden. Handsomely illustrated. 168 pages. 5x7 inches. Price, 50 cents. ORANGE JUDD COMPANY 52 Lafayette Place NEW YORK MARQUETTE BUILDING, CHICAGO DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE TIFFANY & Co. DIAMOND AND GEM MERCHANTS Watches for Christmas Gifts The name of Tiffany & Co. appears upon the dials and movements of all their watches. Photographs sent upon request Ladies’ Gold Watches Small, open-face, 18-karat-gold watches, especially adapted for young women - = = : $25, $35, $45 upward With one or more diamonds set in back of case $110, $140, $190, $240 upward Small chronographs in 18-karat-gold cases for Trained Nurses, $50 Men’s Gold Watches New model, open-face, 18-karat-gold extra-thin watches for even- ing wear a : = = = $50, $70, $150 upward Other open-face, 18-karat-gold watches, suitable for young men $60, $95 and $100 Open-face, 18-karat-gold minute repeaters - $135 and $240 Split-second chronographs in 18-karat-gold cases $125, $200 upward Open-face, sterling-silver minute repeaters — - - - Tiffany & Co. are strictly retailers. They do not em- ploy agents or sell their wares through other dealers. Fifth Avenue, New York At 37th Street Formerly at Union Square Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices Mail Orders All Mail Orders are handled by trained men, whose experience and knowledge of what is most in favor at the mo- ment assures careful selections or intelligent ad- vice for those simply desiring assistance. Tiffany & Co. 1906 Blue Book is now ready and will be sent to intending — pur- chasers without charge. This cat- alogue contains No Illustrations It is a compact little volume of over 500 pages with concise de- scriptions and range of prices of jewelry, silver- ware, watches, clocks, bronzes, porcelains and glass suitable for Christmas or other gifts. Gold Watches on Approval Upon receipt of satisfactory ref- erences from any National Bank or responsible busi- ness house, Tif- fany & Co. will send on approval selections from their stock to any part of the United States. THE 201-c (ali GARDEN MAGAZINE ee A HOLLY AND MISTLETOE FOR CHRISTMAS DECORATION Fresh from the Southern Woods Holly with great clusters of brilliant red berries and exquisite mistletoe, carefully packed to reach the buyer as fresh and beautiful as when growing in the woods. hands. Offer No. 1—One carton box, size 4x9x20 inches, con- taining about 20 branches of holly and a few sprays of mistletoe, nicely packed. By mail, $1.00. A splendid Christmas gift. I will ship direct to your friends, if you desire, inclosing your card. Offer No. 2—Standard case, 2x2x4 feet. Carefully packed with choice, selected, well-berried holly branches, one to four feet long, or will be packed to order. Price, $4.50. ; No finer standard case put up in America. Offer No. 3—Half-size case. Price, $2.75. Offer No. 4—Case containing 1 holly tree 5 feet high, gorgeous with red berries. The balance of the case filled with carefully selected holly and some choice mistletoe. Price, $8.00. A fine case for the mansion, church, lodge-room or store-window display. As the holly trees in this offer are so rare I can supply only a limited number. Order early. Pruning Shears Only the very choicest holly and mistletoe leaves my I make the following offers of holly and mistletoe packed by experts under my own supervision: I handle Holly and Mistletoe exclusively, giving these specialties my undivided personal attention, so that the quality is exceptionally fine. What some of my customers say: Our customers were wild over your holly. BOND BRos,, Middlebury, Vt. T thank you very much for the good quality of holly you sent me. If you can furnish me with as good holly next season you may take my order now for forty crates at the same price to be shipped at the same time, I will not ask you for any better prices as I want the very best holly that can be had, Awaiting your reply, Yours truly, H. E. WILSON, Rochester, N. Y. Order now for Christmas delivery. In ordering please state when and how you wish shipment made—by ex- press or fast freight. Terms, Cash with Order My holly was awarded a special prize at the American Institute Exhibition P. C. SQUIRES, Elizabeth City, N. C. SOLID STEE. Will Snip a Broom Handle DECEMBER, 1905 Wydgs quagy 4 Bausch & Lomb PLASTIGMAT is the lens of speed, quality and practical results. Whether you make pictures for pleasure or profit you want a Jens tHat will get results under un- favorable as well as favor- able conditions. Plastigmat is that lens and you can haye it on any make of cam- era if you specify ** Plastigmat ’’ when ordering of the dealer, Our illustrated Catalogue tells about ail our lenses for all purposes.: : 3 & & & BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL CO. Rochester, N.Y. New York. San Francisco. Boston. Washington. Chicago. TEXAS MISTLETOE For Christmas decorations. Absolutely the best on the market. Rich green foliage, heavily berried. Cut, packed and shipped with care so as to insure its keeping. Large-size case by express to any address, all charges prepaid, on receipt of $2.00. WM. H. ANDERSON, Brownwood, Texas ARTHUR HENRY SAWYER Rural Engineer and Horticulturist. Development of Country Homes and Farms. Laying out of orchards and gardens. Forestry work. Purchasing and planting of trees and plants. Superintendence. Correspondence solicited. A.H. Sawyer, 29 Peirce Place, Clinton, Mass, A CHRISTMAS SUGGESTION That gives you an idea of the strength and quality of the pruner. Wiss Pruning Shears will outlast a dozen ordinary ones. They will cut tissue paper. That shows how nicely they are adjusted. Nurserymen and growers of fine trees use them in preference to all other shears—they will cut clean the thickest twigs or the most delicate tendrils without tearing. Wiss dealers will replace free of charge any shears returned THE GARDEN MAGAZINE TEMPORARY BINDER PEDESTALS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT FERNS and OTHER DECORATIVE FLANTS Send for Illustrated Price List H HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. New York Office, 1123 Broadway. :: MT. VERNON, N.Y. Fruit and Ornamental Trees Including a splendid collection of Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Plants, etc., for making the home grounds beautiful. Send for Catalogue. ! The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn. of Choice Nursery Stock for EVERY VARIETY planting the home grounds EVERGREENS AND HARDY RHODODENDRONS FOR BEAUTY IN WINTER Owners of country estates are particularly invited to get our prices Catalogue on request BAY STATE NURSERIES W. H. WYMAN NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. Winter Moving of Large Evergreens WESTBURY STATION, - defective or unsatisfactory. All parts are interchangeable. becomes worn, it can be replaced, thus making the shears as good as new at a slight cost. Made in two sizes—9 inch, $2.25; 10 inch, $2.50 Extra blades, 50 cents each. For sale by all dealers. J.WISS & SONS CO., 15-33 Littleton Ave., Newark, N.J. If any part (say the blade) Clamps on barrel, bucket or box. Adjusts itself to any size ear. Runs easy and does perfect work. Price, $2, delivered. J. S. WOODHOUSE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 191-5 Water Street, New York Furnish and move ever- greens 10 to 35 feet high dur- ing the winter. Order now. Catalogue ‘‘Trees for Long Island.’’ ISAAC HICKS & SON Nurserymen and Sctentific Tree-Movers LONG ISLAND, N. Y. For holding copies until volume is complete and ready for per- manent binding. Black cloth neatly stamped in gold. Price, 75 cents postpaid DovusLepay, Pace & Company, 133-137 East 16th St., New York Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory AIREDALE TERRIERS , Send for illustrated, descriptive cir- cular of the handsomest, gamest, and most reliable of all breeds of dogs, the AIREDALE TERRIERS. ALEX. SMITH, Superintendent COLNE KENNELS Petite Cote, near Montreal, Canada THE E. G. WYCKOFF STRAINS S. C. White Leghorns, S. C. Buff Leghorns AND IMPORTED BLACK LEGHORNS, PYLE LEGHORNS AND SILVER DUCKWING LEG- HORNS ARE WORLD RENOWNED World’s Fair, Madison Square Garden, New York State Fair, Trenton Inter-State Fair, Hagerstown Prize Winners; 59 regular prizes on 60 entries at Trenton, including 31 firsts, October, 1905. Prize-winning birds at reasonable prices. Catalogue and mating list free. In writing, tell what you want and mention this paper. E. G. WYCKOFF, Box 40A, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Best Fruit Paper'| is The Fruit-Grower, published oy at St. Joseph, Mo. The regular subscription price isa dollara year, but if you will write for free sample copy and mention this magazine, you will receive a proposition whereby you may secure it one year WITHOUT COST. Everyone who has a few fruit trees ora garden should read 6T JOSEPH MISSOURI Every issue is handsomely illustrated, and from 32 to 64 pages a month are filled with interesting matter pertaining to fruit- growing and gardening. The first four issues of 1906 will be handsome special numbers devoted to the following subjects: January, The Horticultu- ral Societies ; February, Spraying ; March, Gar- dening; April, Small Fruits. Any one of these numbers will be worth a dollar to you. We publish the ‘‘ Brother Jonathan Series’’ of fruit books. Send your name and learn how to secure these books free. Fruit Grower Co., 104 S. 7th St., St. Joseph, Mo. TRADE MARK Bro. JONATHAN You have selected your favorite varieties of Chrysanthemums at the flower shows. Order them from us now. We will grow them especially ' to your order for Spring delivery. Weare Chrysanthemum Specialists Importers, Originators and Dissemi- nators of the Best Novelties and Stan- dard Varieties Spring Catalogue in January NATHAN SMITH & SON 122 W. Maumee St., Adrian, Mich. JAPANESE GARDENS and plants. Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. Send for Catalogue. HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island THant Department Situations Wanted FOR Gardeners, Farmers and Estate Superintendents I am constantly receiving applications from trustworthy and com- petent men desiring positions. Twenty years acquaintance among them has given me exceptional knowledge of their individual capa- bilities. No Fee—My sole desire is to be of service to employer and employee alike. ArtTHUR T. BoppiInGTox, Seedsman, 342 West 14th Street, New York. Gardeners’ Register High-class men, with good records, can be obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, 14 Barcisy Street, New York City. No fee. Competent Gardeners The comforts and products of a country home are increased by to engage one, and employing a competent gardener; if you want write to us. Please give particulars regarding place whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. WANTED A Competent, Practical, Thoroughly Trained and Experienced Expert COMMERCIAL ROSE GROWER 1 am about to build a good sized establishment for growing com- mercial roses, and want a man as Superintendent of it who not only thoroughly understands the practical side of the business but who also is capable of making the proper rough plans for the most im- proved, up-to-date establishment. I prefer a man who is at the present time a responsible assistant in some going concern. To the right man suitable wages will be paid, and he will also be given free house rent and, while employed in the establishment, a small con- tingent interest in the annual net earnings. All answers to this advertisement will be treated as confidential. Address with full particulars as to age, training, family, wages wanted, practical experience, scientific training, if any, etc., “E.G.S.,°? care President, Eliot National Bank, Boston say Information about the Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory selection or care of dogs, Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarpDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th St., New York poultry and live stock will be gladly given. ‘Nuggets’ roasters. CRESTWOOD POULTRY FARM, Box 251, BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS FOR SALE A few yearling Prize Winners and a lot of spring-hatched that should excel Hardy large birds that lay well and breed fine broilers and For prices and further information write to in the winter shows. TUCKAHOE, N. Y. GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS S. C. Buff Orpingtons S. CG. Black Minorcas Yards stocked with birds of the most noted prize-winning strains in America. 2,000 to select from. for sale, of all varieties for breeding or exhibition. White Wyandottes Old and young stock FRANK W. GAYLOR, Manager, White Plains, N. Y. SHOEMAKER’S vores POULTRY and Almanac for 1906 contains 224 pages, with many fine colored plates of fowls true to life. It tells all about chickens, their care, diseases and remedies. All about incubators and how to operate them. AJ] about poultry houses and how to build them. It's really an encyclo- peedia of chickendom. You needit. Price only 15 cts. Cc. C, SHOEMAKER, Box 457, Freeport, Iif. Dogs Bloodhounds, Foxhounds, Norwegian Bearhounds, Irish Wolfhounds Registered ROOKWOOD KENNELS, 4c. stamp for catalog. Lexington, Ky. Cairnsmuir Fox Terriers MAJor G. M. CARNOCHAN NEW CITY, ROCKLAND Co., NEW YORK (N.Y. office 44 New St. ), offers young puppies either wire or smooth haired to be shipped as soon as weaned, DOGS $15, BITCHES $10. This is an excellent opportunity to obtain the Cairnsmuir blood at very reasonable prices, Purchasers should send cheque with order, stating sex and variety. Grown dogs and older puppies for sale at all times. Also Welsh terriers. Cocker Spaniels The IDEAL companion, children’s pet and country home dog. We offer some beautiful young stock (black, red and seal-brown—the latter a rare and beautiful color), clean, healthy, sporty, affectionate, and of choicest breeding. Put one in the youngster’s CHRISTMAS stocking ORCHARDHURST KENNELS East Williston, - - Long Island win! Arietnica RAISED in gentleman’s private home. Eligible to reg- Sire imported. To be sold at eight Males, $50. Females, $35. W. BURGESS, Marblehead, Mass. Eight Airedale Puppies for Sale istration. weeks old. Cocker Spaniels Do you want an ideal pet for a child or for yourself? If you do, just try a merry little ieackes They have all the good qualities with none of j ) the faults of other breeds. He Lhave the best lot of male pte Se pups | everoffered. $25 each. G. MacINTOSH, GLEN MOY, BOX 41, FRANKLIN, PA EAT S UABS and when you buy them ask for PLY- MOUTH ROCK SQUABS, which are the largest and best. Squabs are raised in Aer? of i 4 weeks, sell for $2.50 to &6.00 doz. Good money breed- us) Uy ing them everywhere; women do well. We were the first— ol our books, oreeding methods and famous Plymouth Rock ad i) Aa 2 big thoroughbred Homers revolutionized the in- a dustr ‘ye Visitors welcome at farm; Correspondence and learn this profitable we also for new printed matter. Ww) © Aye invited. First send for our ree Boe How to Make Money with Squabs," al via} & R uid) +f busi- wy ey nee IY PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 339 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. } 50 PURE BLOODED HOMERS of correct size, actually mated, in a few words is what we send out for #80.00. Advertising in a great number of magazines and trying to find out which ones give the best result, in order to use only such in the future, we will give you 5 Pairs of Al Mated Homers Free with every order of 25 pairs you send in, provid- ing same reaches us before December ist and you’ mention THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. As all our White Wyandottes have to be housed now and as we don’t want them overcrowded, we will dispose of pens made up of 4 pullets and a cockerel for the low price of $10.00. These birds are good quality and out of our prize winners, Let us know what you want. If itis Wyan- dottes or Homers we can please. TRUE WHITE POULTRY YARDS Office, 1717 Walnut St., Milwaukee, Wis. STEWART & LOEBER, Props. JOHNSON’S LEGHORNS (S. C. White) Represent the result of ten years of earnest work in selecting for size, beauty and practical money-making qualities: Choice stock mated for exhibition or prolific laying. Hundreds of cocks, cockerels, hensand pullets to select from. Write your wants; quotations promptly submitted and stock described. Illustrated Circular Free J. COOK JOHNSON, Omaha, Neb., Box G. M. For Sale—Rough Collies Dogs and bitches, grown and puppies, will be For further particulars address Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn, N.Y. sold cheap. M. Bullocke, 85th St. and 2nd Ave., THE GARDEN MAGAZINE THEODORE ROOSEVELT RICHARD HARDING DAVIS F. HOPKINSON SMITH FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN Al . COPYRIGHT 1904 ARTHUR HEWITT \THEOBORE ROOSEVELT iy ¥ i py s ERNEST THOMPSON SETON “tN Are among the Contributors to \ SCRIBNERS 3 Ril yy ATES ! SS RY eroenssossoirt MAGAZINE during the Fall and Winter A detailed and richly illustrated announcement of the many important and interesting features secured by the maga~ zine will be sent free upon request. [fessional JR SCRIBNER’S MAGAZINE IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER. te he) Uf Lior DovouasWicomn] (ff IT SELLS FOR $3.00 A YEAR, NO LESS. IT IS EASY TO GET SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR IT. The Publishers of SCRIBNER'’S MAGAZINE offer a liberal cash commission for earnest and efficient work in securing new subscribers. Write for terms. 25c per number $3.00 per year CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, Publishers, New York (\¥ad Ai AC iV ERNEST THOMPSON SETON hi ) GOOD BOOKS ON GARDENING SUPERB GARDEN VIEWS THE GARDENS OF ITALY Being a Series of Illustrations from Photographs of the most Famous Examples of The Gardens of Italy, by CHARLES LATHAM. With descriptive text by E. MAarsH Puitiips, With 300 beautiful half-tone illustrations. 2 vols., folio, $18.00 net. A superbly illustrated work, treating most completely the deservedly famous and beautiful Gardens of Italy, fascinating alike to the lovers of Gardening, Architecture, Art, and History. GARDENS OLD AND NEW-—Second Series Containing Additional Examples, Beautifully Illustrated, of the “‘ Country House and Its Garden Environment.”’ 4to, profusely illustrated, $12.00 net. Also GARDENS OLD AND NEW—First Series Profusely illustrated. 4to, $12.00 net. “One could not, if one would, overpraise the charm of this beautiful book. As -n example of the beautiful in books, it is a long time since we chanced on anything so note- worthy as ‘ Gardens Old and New’ ’’—Birmingham (Eng.) Daily Post. GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS A Hand-Book to the Garden. By E.T. Coox, Joint Editor of ‘The Garden,’ and Garden Editor of ‘Country Life,’’ assisted by Experts in the various branches of Horticulture. With nearly too diagrams in the text, and 90 full-page illustrations from photo- graphs of selected specimens of Plants, Flowers, Trees, Shrubs, Fruits, etc. New and Enlarged Edition. 8vo, $3.75 net. WALL AND WATER GARDENS Their Making and Planting. By Miss GertrupE Jekytt, author of “Wood and Garden,” “Home and Garden.” With over 130 full-page illustrations. 8vo, $3.75 net. LILIES FOR ENGLISH GARDENS A Guide for Amateurs. By Gertrupe Jexytr. Compiled from information published lately in “The Garden,”’ with the addition of some original chapters. Beautifully illustrated. 8vo, $2.50 met. CHARLES SCHRIEB NE igs FORMAL GARDENS IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND Their Planning and Arrangement, Architectural and Ornamental Features. A series of illustra- tions from Old Examples. With an Introduction and Descriptive Accounts by H. In1co Triccs, A.R.I-B.A. In three parts. Folio, $25.00 net. The most sumptuous work on Formal Gardens, containing 120 plates (size 17x13 inches), of which 50 are photogravures reproduced directly from the most artistic photographs taken especially for this work, and presenting views of the most beautiful and famous Formal Gardens in England. = THE ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN And Home Grounds. Design and arrangement shown by existing examples of Gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a Description of the Plants, Shrubs and Trees for the open- air Garden and their culture. By W. Rozinson. Eighth Edition. Profusely illustrated. 8vo, $6.00 net, ROSES FOR ENGLISH GARDENS By Miss GertRUDE JeKyir and Mr. E. Mawrey. A Complete Rose Manual. Treating of: The Old Roses of English Gardens; New Roses for Free Pictorial Use; including Bowers, Arches, and Pergolas; Roses in Gardens Formal, and Free on Houses, Walls, etc. Profusely illustrated. 8vo, $3.75 net. TREES AND SHRUBS FOR ENGLISH GARDENS By E. T. Coox, Garden Editor of ‘‘ Country Life.” With numerous illustrations. “Country Life’”’ Library.) 8vo, $3.75 net. (The THE BOOK OF GARDENING A Hand-Book of Horticulture. By Various Writers, and Edited by W.D. Drury. With many illustrations. Thick 8vo, $6.50 net. SONS, Publishers, New York DECEMBER, 1905 DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Tree Book By JULIA E. ROGERS This book has many features that no other work on trees approaches. It tells how to know the trees; how to grow and care for them; the uses and value of trees; the preservation of forests. The 350 beautiful photo- graphic illustrations by A. R. DUGMORE show complete forms, bud, blossom, full leaf, fruit, bark and wood of all the important species. Sixteen plates in color. Net, $4.00. (Postage, 34. cents.) illustrated in THE TREE BOOK A complete manual of house building in the country The Country House jy cuas. Epw. HOOPER This volume gives competently and in detail, yet without technicalities, all the information necessary in the building of a country house. Its practical value is unlimited. Nearly 4oo illustrations. Net, $3.00. (Postage, 30 cents.) he ( : rd en ibrar Handy monographs on specific a V subjects for the American garden Vol. I. ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM Each, In preparation : Already published. Elaborately illustrated. aes ui DAFFODILS ANNUAL FLOWERS Vol. II. FERNS AND HOW TO GROW THEM | (Postage, CHRYSANTHEMUMS TULIPS Just issued. (By G. A. Wootson.) Beautifully illustrated. ) 10 cents) RHODODENDRONS LILIES eeountry Lite in America” Library THE COUNTRY HOUSE (see above) THE POULTRY BOOK In Three Volumes HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN Superbly illustrated. Complete, $13.60. Subscription. 5th thousand. Over 200 photographs. Net, $1.60. THE DOG BOOK By James Watson (Postage, 16 cents.) i 5 = The first adequate treatment of the dog in America. To HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE GARDEN be in ten parts. I.to V.now ready. $1.10 each. Swd- By Edith L. Fullerton scription. Well illustrated. The only adequate book on the home vegetable garden. : 250 photographs by H. B. Fullerton. Net, $2.00. DRIVING By Francis M. Ware (Postage. 20 cents.) Illustrated. Net, $10.00. (Postage, 38 cents.) e e The Little Nature Library » sevey rocumss Comprised of ‘* The Nature Study Idea,’ ‘‘ How to Attract the Birds,’’ Nature and the Camera,’’ ‘‘ The Brook Book,’’ ‘‘Among the Water-fowl,”’ ‘‘ Flashlights on Nature’’ and ‘‘ Nature Biographies.’’ Write for illustrated circular, number 270, and full particulars of our present special offer. How to Keep Bees The First Book of Farming By ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK MAGAZINE IN AMERICA WORK By CHARLES L. GOODRICH Illustrated. Net, $1.00. (Postage, 10 cents.) DOVBLEDAY PAGE = CO NEW YORK Illustrated. Net, $1.00. (Postage, 1o cents.) THE GARDEN ee COVANTRY LIFE THE WORLDS 204. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 Some Important Plans For 1906 COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA S ANNOUNCED, beginning with the February number the price of COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA will be $4.a year, single copies 35 cents; double numbers 50 cents, as before. The increased size will make it possible to cover the many subjects in this field even more completely than before; and, as evident from the following announce- ment, the magazine will be more varied, practical, helpful and beautiful than ever. The primary reason for increasing the price is that at present we do not receive for it what the magazine costs to make in paper, printing and binding. We are proud to think that it has been a real and increasing factor in the surprising outdoor move- memem@® ment of the last five years, revealing to tens of thousands of readers the pleasures and beauties of every sort of country work and fun, and giving much practical help in attaining them. A CONSOLIDATION WITH *“ THE COUNTRY CALENDAR” Since the above paragraph was written we have concluded arrangements for a remarkable junction of forces. Beginning with the January issue COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA and “The Country Calendar”’ are to be consolidated under the main title of the former. The publishers of the two magazines believe that by working together they can serve the interests of country-loving Americans better than by working apart and advertisers will have the advantage of the combined subscription lists of the only two important magazines in this rapidly widening field. Country Lire In AMERICA finds itself firmly established and only eight months were necessary to give “The Country Calendar” such a subscription list as usually comes only after years of effort. The owners of “The Country Calendar,” The Review of Reviews Company, retain an interest in the publication and will join in the work of extending still further the circulation and influence of the most beautiful, useful and completely representative journal of country life. Here are some definite suggestions of features during the coming year: The Inside of the Country House Since the magazine was first started, it has devoted special attention to every Bratch of home- making in the country—except furnishing and decorating the inside of the house. Every issue hereafter will contain at least one article on this important subject. Among the ideas to be treated are: The Truth About Antique Furniture Window Curtains and Portiéres Furnishing a House For $1,500 Ceilings and How to Finish Them The A-B-C of Arranging Pictures Successful Rooms All Over the House A Plea for Comfort in Chairs and Sofas How to Buy Oriental Rugs Wainscoting in Natural Woods Etc., Etc. Discoveries and News of Outdoor Interest Mr. Gilbert H. Grosvenor, editor of the National Geographic Magazine, will contribute each month an account of the new things which interest the country dweller. The government departments at Wash- ington are constantly making new discoveries, and scientific circles there hear of investigations elsewhere long before they get into print. Within a year, for instance, the growing of mushrooms has been revolu- tionized by Prof. Duggar’s researches in ‘‘ Virgin Spawn,”’ the wonderful effects of soil bacteria have been made known, and dozens of other similar additions to knowledge have come up. This department will chronicle everything of this sort and show what each item means to the ordinary person. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 205 Outdoor Life Mr. A. Radclyffe Dugmore made a trip for us to the Pacific Coast and to the Northwest last summer, and secured material for a number of wonderful articles on different sorts of fishing. It is not too much to say that Mr. Dugmore’s photographs have revolutionized the illustrations of sport—they give one the actual thrill of the sportsman at the most exciting moment. Among these articles are: After the Vanishing Grayling | The Unique Golden Trout Fishing for Yellowtail at Santa Catalina Fishing for Rainbow Trout The February issue will contain some more leaping tarpon photographs by Julian Dimock, even more startling than those of a year ago, and Mr. Dimock tells how he got these results. He will also contribute an article on the almost unknown pleasure of salt-water fly fishing. ‘Mr. Herbert K. Job has been out among the great sloughs of North Dakota, where the wild ducks breed. We shall publish an article by him showing wild mallards, canvasbacks, ruddy ducks and many other species flushing from their nests; great ricks of males getting up from the edge of the marsh; nests and eggs; and amusing ducklings. The Planter’s Guide The article in the December issue on ‘‘Planting for Winter Comfort and Beauty”’’ is the first of a practical series which will tell readers just what tree, shrub or flower is best for every special place and purpose. The dominant idea is the needs of the planter—not the dry botanical classification, but the living, urgent, horticultural problems. THIS IS THE KIND OF THING EVERYONE REALLY WANTS TO KNOW: How to Have Flowers After Frost | The Largest-flowered Trees What to Plant at the Seaside The Best Hedge-Plant for Each of Twenty Purposes What Will Grow in Dense Shade Shrubs That Are Attractive Both in Fruit and Flower Trees with Brilliant Leaves and Berries The Best Salad Plants We announce provisionally these subjects and dates :—Quality Fruits and Vegetables for the Home Garden, for March, 1906. The Best Ground Covers, for June, 1906. Bulbs for Every Place and Purpose, for September, 1906. Berried Shrubs, for November, 1906. A Study of Autumn Reds, for December, 1906 (with eight pages in color), a classification based on the new color chart which really works, and full directions for preserving until Christmas by a new, simple process huge branches of gorgeous autumn leaves. These articles mark a new era in gardening literature. Other Strong Features will be: The Country Home Reminder Cheap Land for Successful Farming A continuation of the extremely successful series of first-hand investiga- ees tions, showing just where land can still be bought for $10.00 an acre and Fnac’: how to make a living on it. Telling each month the necessary activities of the owner of a country Masterpieces of Nature Poetry ; i The great nature poems of the English language, selected by Henry van We shall publish as usual the superb special double numbers: March on Dyke and charmingly illustrated by Henry Troth. Gardening, October on Housebuilding and the Christmas Annual. : These have been notable factors in the magazine’s success and have Walter J. Travis on Golf helped to make it unique and unapproachable. Timely articles each month on Horses, Dogs, Cattle, Poultry, Automobiles, and so on Special Double Numbers Wild Foods ; : : : é i : The Readers’ Service A most interesting series of articles, by the foremost authority on the nuts, : ¢ : Re Ae | a ARC CG eaaeniel d And, finally, when any of our readers wishes exact information upon any , SE cAvcs an Gstiults) OlevcryekInGywilehonature provices Monta subject within the magazine’s scope, a letter to the Readers’ Service will by month for all who have knowledge of her secrets. put the writer in communication with those who can best serve him. Good Until February First. After that Date Price will be Raised Until February lst we will accept $3.00 for a year’s subscription and $6.00 for two years. Price after this date, 35 cents a number (50 cents as before for double numbers) and $4.00 a year. Send us the coupons below with details filled in. Messrs. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Messrs. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO ee 133-137 East 16th Street : 133-137 East 16th Street NEw York CITy ; NeEw York CIty Datewen THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 Y SUBSCRIPTION SEASON HEN THE GARDEN MAGAZINE was started last February, the best part of the so-called subscription season had gone by. This year we have planned to take full advantage of readers’ inclination to decide upon a year’s reading at the end of the year. If any of our readers will get one new sub- scriber and send a new subscription with his own, with $2 for both subscriptions, we will send any of the following cloth-bound books with our compliments: “How to Plan the Home Grounds,” by Parsons. “How to Attract the Birds,’ by the author of “Bird Neigh- bors.” “The Heart’s Highway,” by Mary Wilkins Freeman. THE NEW LIBRARY SALESROOM At this Christmas time we call attention to our library salesroom at 133 East Sixteenth Street, between Third Avenue and Irving Place, and invite our friends to examine our books, magazines and pictures. A NEW MAGAZINE In another place (page 204) we publish the announcement of the consolidation of The Country Calendar with Country Life in America, which takes place in the January number; and, since thus the number of magazines becomes less by one, we hope that we may start a new magazine without undue blame. Our last venture, THE GARDEN MaGAzINnE, has been a success because it filled a well-defined need. ‘The new monthly has the same valid excuse for coming into existence. It will be called Farming: An Illustrated Home Magazine devoted to the living and growing things on the farm. It will be beautiful in its sumptuous and profuse illustrations, as well as practical, helpful, pro- gressive, scientifically accurate and—popular. Especial attention will be paid to the home animals, horses, cattle, dogs and poultry. There are already many excellent farm periodicals, but there is not one which at- tempts to fill the field which this new maga- zine will occupy. The farmer of to-day who is tilling the land or raising live stock for profit or pleasure has come to appreciate the best; he wants good printing, fine paper and the best pictures that can be produced. We expect to make a magazine for the farmer and for his wife as distinguished from an “To business that we love we rise betime And go to’t with delight.”—A xtony and Cleopatra. agricultural journal. The price will be $1.00 a year and the subscription books are now open. THE WORLD’S WORK The Christmas Number is a fine one—a suggestion for a Christmas present—$3.00 a year. RENEWAL TO MAGAZINES Like everything else in publishing, the work of taking care of magazine subscriptions is greater than can be comfortably attended to in December. Will you do us the favor to send your orders as early as possible, by December roth or 15th if practicable ? THE CHRISTMAS ANNUAL OF ‘‘COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA” In England through a long series of years there have been built up great Christmas Annuals which have come to mean much to the people of the whole country. As an out- of-door Christmas is the best kind, we felt that Country Life in America was the best- fitted magazine to celebrate in a sumptuous way this great holiday of the whole world, and the Annual for 1905 represents the best we have been able to do in this exhilarating - TALK: OF: THE - OFFICE: | ————————— ‘J wo q Hee ee ee field. It is the spirit of the number that makes it what it is, and no printed description can convey that. Our readers will find it on all the news-stands on November 25th, and to those who send us a yearly subscrip- tion at the present price of $3 it will be sent (and two other 5o-cent numbers) in their series of a year’s numbers without extra cost. The subscription price of Country Life in America is increased to $4 a year, after February 1, 1906. THE MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT In this connection we wish to speak of our Mail Order Department. On the fourth floor of our new building there are about one hundred people busy attending to the wants of our patrons who purchase books by mail. If you are interested to know more of this place, send your name and address to the Mail Order Department, and full and interesting information will be sent you. Just now this branch is sending out thou- sands of a little set of books of the utmost practical value, called ‘‘The Home Library of Law.” It gives so much that is helpful in the way of information which all intelligent people ought to know—but do not—that its great success is not a surprise to us; and, best of all, the price and manner of paying are tempting. The six volumes have been in hand for four years, and Dr. A. S. Bolles, its editor and author, has made it a work of enduring value. “The Nature Library” is another set that we are pleased and proud to sell so many of, and still another is the collection of won- derful photo-mezzotint reproductions of the great masters. We have attractive booklets describing these works, and it will be a pleasure to send them upon request. THE PRINTERS’ STRIKE At this writing there seems little doubt that the printers’ strike will be declared on Janu- ary ist, as outlined in our last number. We are convinced that it would be cowardly to accede to the Union’s new demands. Should there be any delay in receiving the February number of your magazine, we ask that you be patient. We have high hopes that the ar- rangements that we have made will make any excuse unnecessary. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 207 ME DOG BOOK sans” ccson R. WATSON has been a dog breeder and student for thirty or forty years, both here M and in England. This long experience, both as a judge at shows and as a prac- tical fancier, has been supplemented by exhaustive research ; in consequence, his book is really the first adequate treatment of the dog in America. It is full of practical information as to buying and breeding dogs, their care and the like. Then each separate breed is taken up and described at length; how it originated, what its special qualities are, the points of a perfect specimen, and its value. The tremendous increase of interest in dogs and canine matters during recent years is well shown by the number and prosperity of the Kennel Associations, and this work will, beyond question, be the standard on the sub- ject. Itis the only volume here or in England in which the possibilities of photographic illustrations for dog portraits and animals in motion have been made use of. Elaborately illustrated from photographs ; to be in ten parts, each of about So pages ; price per part, bound in heavy paper, $1.10, subscription. APPROXIMATE CONTENTS ALREADY PUBLISHED IN PREPARATION Part I. Historical and General: Care of Part VI. Terriers, Bulldogs. dogs, how to exhibit them, etc. Part VII. Terriers (continued). Part II. Setters: Early Setters and Part VIil. Mastiffs,St. English. Bernards, PartIII. Setters: Irish, N ewfound- Gordon and lands, Great Spaniel. Danes. ParelVv. Spaniels, Pointers. Part IX. Hounds. Part V. Collies, Eng- lish Sheep- dogs. Part X. House-dogs, CHARITY toys, etc. Now that Five of the Ten Parts are Ready for Delivery, there are TWO GOOD WAYS TO GET THIS WORK PLAN NO. 1. PLAN NO. 2. The separate parts will be sent postpaid for Or the entire work, when completed, will be $1.10 each. Subscribers taking the parts as they sold for $12, bound in buckram; or $16, bound in are issued have the advantage of early possession, half-leather—this will be cheaper in the end than and the entire ten parts will cost only $11. buying the parts and having them bound yourself. AND A BETTER WAY PLAN No. 3. But, in order to induce advance subscriptions, we present the following ‘‘ reciprocity ’’ plan: We will enter your name as an Advance Subscriber, sending you immediately all the parts now ready, and the remaining parts as fast as they come from the press. When the publication is completed these parts are to be sent back to us at our expense, and we will bind them in buckram or half-leather, as you may choose, and return them to you express prepaid. Advance subscribers will be asked to pay $5 upon receipt of the parts now ready, but will make no further payments until the set has been completed and bound, when a final payment will be asked: $5 if cloth binding is chosen, or $8 if half-leather. SEND US THIS BLANK Your name will be entered on our Advance Subscribers’ List if you will return this blank at once, properly filled in: Your first name Wawe NAGE PED Os siceS sabes S oa Scb5 ca Cb CC ORC CSU CCT O TAA e SD SOS OE ORS Be aS ae eee eer ee a ae Shipping address Mail address City and State Reference Which plan do you prefer—No.1, No. 2 or No. 3 ? (see above) WE GUARANTEE to complete the work and to deliver the parts as issued (the last to be issued about March 1, 1906), and to attend to the binding of the parts promptly in accordance with your choice. {G I-270 O} THE GARDEN COVNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE IN AMERICA WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO NEW YORK DIE C EMER Rk. (19°05 (CO) IN FEAZ INC IRS | COVER DESIGN—FRINGED GENTIAN . | A. Radclyfie Dugmore = GARDENER’S REMINDER | Tue EusivE FRINGED GENTIAN A | GARDEN Prant at Last! uy Thomas Murray Photographs by A.R.Dugmore and H.E. Angell RECORD-BREAKING EXPERIENCES GARDENING Large Mild Onions . : : William Scott A Garden in a 6 x 6-foot Backyard IN i | John Dixwell Continuous Blooms from March | to October Flora Lewis Marble | Corn an Umbrella for Cauliflower Gertrude Whitlock Heresy in Squash Culture - 7 Grace L. Weeks Brussels Sprouts Badly Out of | Season G. L. Whitlock Record-Breaking Hedges of Annu- | als c : L. M. Bell | Specimen Trees from the Woods | W. Anderson Photographs by J. Horace McFarland Co. Bloomed Three Times in Fourteen Months . 5 I. M. Angell 3,500 Roses On One Bush 3 M. A. Nichols Rhubarb for the Table All Summer H.R. Albee A Conservatory Built Around a Cellar Door Edith L. Fullerton Photographs by H. B. Fullerton A Late Garden Made From a Refuse Heap A. Bowen PLANTING A CouUNTRY PLACE FOR WINTER James Wood Photographs by Henry Troth TREES AND SHRUBS FOR COLOR IN WINTER (A symposium) House PLANTS FOR CHRISTMAS PRES- ENTS : James T. Scott Photographs by Henry Troth and the Vermont | Experiment Station | GARDEN Books FOR CHRISTMAS PREs- ENTS Thomas McAdam || GaLax ALL THE YEAR AROUND Z W.M. E. | Don’t BuRN Your AutTUMN LEAVES BULBS STARTED IN DECEMBER . : Ts Mi A: PEACH TREES AND THE. SAN JOSE SCALE Grace L. Weeks New IDEAS FOR CHRISTMAS eC PERSONAL EXPERIENCES . 2 3 Makinc NEW.VARIETIES. — . : Frank H. Presby A FOURTEEN YEAR-OLD Boy’s Gar- DEN THAT EARNED $70. 5 6 WILHELM MILLER, Editor Copyright, 1905, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY. as second-class matter January 12, 1905, New York, N. Y., ~The Garden Magazine PAGE 210 Entered at the post-office at under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879. 908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 COMBINATION BENCH and il TOOL | ae CABINET = Consisting of a solid oak, brass- trimmed, highly finished cab- inet, with work-bench and vise; a complete assortment, 95 in all, of the finest quality standard carpenters’ tools. Tools and Hardware of Quality Our lines include Builders’, Cabinet and Piano Hardware, Bolts, Complete, as Screws, Nuts and illustrated, $85.00 We make also the following Outfits in polished oak, brass- trimmed Wall Cabinets, about the size of a large suit-case, with same grade of tools as above. No. 51, 14 Tools, $ 5.00 No. 52, 24 Tools, $10.00 No. 53, 36 Tools, $15.00 No. 54, 40 Tools, $20.00 Our prices are f. 0. b., New York, giving the best tools made (instead of cheap tools and paying the freight). Speczal Tool Outfit Catalogue, No. 1878, illustrates and describes all five outfits. Send for copy. Factory Supplies, and all kinds of Small Tools for Wood and Metal Workers (also Benches and Tools for Manual Training). We deal with consumers direct and in- vite correspondence. repairing outfit for road use. The *‘ Tourist’ is especially arranged with reference to its quality and utility, and em- bodies every possible permanent and emergency value that can be included in a kit of this size. The ‘** Tourist®? Autokit is made up of the very best selected tools obtainable and is the highest type a We issue many Special Catalogues, among which are the following : No. 1879, Wood Carvers’ Tools. No. 1880, Venetian Iron and Tools. No. 1881, Tourist Autokit. HAMMACHER SCHLEMMER @® CO., 4th Ave. and 13th St. tic.Siae New York HARDWARE, TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND PIANO MATERIALS NEW YORK SINCE 1848 WE OFFER 40 SELECT VARIETIES OF EVERGREEN TREES besides several varieties of ever- green and berried Shrubs for the COMFORT AND BEAUTY OF WINTER HOMES They have been oft transplanted and grown upon land suitable to develop a mass of fibrous roots for safety in transplanting. Larger sizes balled and burlapped. Of 10,200 Evergreen’ Trees! ‘sold to, a arce estate in the Spring of 1904, the superintendent recently told me he had not lost more than one in a thousand. To properly select and locate trees for best results, one must not only know their habit and ultimate size, but also have an eye for the beautiful in Nature. Knowledge, experience and taste combined will produce a picture. Let us assist you. Do not wait until we are working 14 hours a day. Write us at once. Original plans for Rose Gardens, Hardy Gardens and development of estates. S. G. Harris, M.S., Tarrytown, N. Y. @ Will be mailed without request during january to all present customers. Other readers of “The Garden Magazine” can obtain a copy by writing for it, kindly making mention of this magazine. @ It is a large and beautiful book, describing the most complete lists of SEEDS, PLANTS, BULBS, etc., ever offered, and is profusely illustrated both in colors and photo-engravings. @ All who are interested in nature’s products should write at once and have their names entered for a copy, which will be sent when ready. HENRY A. DREER 714, CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Mie Garden Magazine VoL. II.—No. 5 PUBLISHED MONTHLY DECEMBER, 1905 { ONE DOLLAR A YEAR (Ten CENTS A Copy [NoTe.—For full Table of Contents of this month’s number see page 207.] How to Make Your Plants Survive This Winter pA EER the ground has frozen and the field mice have found their winter quarters, mulch your strawberry bed, hardy border of perennials, newly planted trees, bulb beds, broad-leaved evergreens, and anything that you are afraid may be tender, especially shallow-rooting plants, which are not killed by zero weather but by alternate freezing and thawing. OUTDOOR WORK FOR PLEASANT DAYS Saw dead limbs from trees. (For the right and wrong way see March GARDEN MaAGa- ZINE, page 66.) Examine every dying bush for the greatest insect pest of modern times—the San José scale. (If you want to be absolutely sure, see February GARDEN MAGAZINE, page 22.) Gather bagworms from arborvite and other evergreens, and destroy them. Bring in other cocoons for nature study. Store carrots and parsnips in the cellar and cover with sand, to prevent wilting. Cover kale in exposed situations lightly with coarse litter. Store onions for winter use in a dry, airy place—not the cellar. Select only well ripened absolutely dry bulbs, with no sus- picion of disease. You can spread them out thinly, on the barn floor, away from the walls, The most showy Christmas flowering plant is the azalea. Its beauty soon passes, but it can be Kept Outdoors during next summer, and will flower again let them freeze solid, and then cover several feet deep with hay or straw. Before the mercury falls to 22° F. give celery its final covering, in trenches or pits. EARLY VEGETABLES WITHOUT GLASS You can have land ready to plant next spring a fortnight or more before your neigh- bors, if you will prepare a bed now by throw- ing up high narrow ridges with deep furrows between. HOW TO HAVE THE IMPOSSIBLE You can’t have the best lilies if you wait until spring and buy ordinary store bulbs, for they will be rootless and shrivelled, and may not bloom for a year, if at all. Contrariwise, the Japanese bulbs do not reach this country until November. Some- times you cannot get the bulbs until the ground is frozen, but— You can keep the frost out of the ground by simply heaping fresh manure upon your proposed lily bed to the depth of a foot. Do this before the ground freezes and you can plant lilies in December! LATITUDE OF RICHMOND, VA. Early potatoes can be planted in open weather up to Christmas. Sow in coldframes radishes, lettuce and beets—the easiest way to grow vegetables for home use in winter. LATITUDE OF NEW ORLEANS Sow all hardy vegetables. Start the tender ones in spent hotbeds— tomatoes, peppers, eggplants. Risk a few Irish potatoes, after the middle of the month, whenever there is a good chance to plant. Plant pecans and other nuts, to be budded later with the best varieties. Camellias in bloom outdoors. Don’t let any one ruin your camellia trees by tearing off small branches. Cut them properly. In the Greenhouse ti you want the most distinguished flowers ever shown at a lawn party or used for temporary porch decoration, buy gloxinia in November. They need to be potted bulbs as quickly as you can get them. Among large, tender, bell-shaped flowers they have no equals in purity of reds and blues and beauty of throat spotting. You can buy cyclamen bulbs in Novem- ber and December for twenty cents which will give you flowers next Christmas that would cost you two or three dollars at the florist’s. If you want the most beautiful white plumy flowers anyone can have at Easter, and before, order Astilbe Japonica now. (Trade name, Spireca Japonica.) If you want a floral surprise for your friends next autumn, buy now a collection of those extraordinary spidery flowers, the nerines. If you want the pick of the world’s best gladioli, order your bulbs in December instead of waiting till March. ‘They are the easiest bulbs to store; temperature makes little difference if you keep them dry. To keep them away from mice, put them in tin boxes or, with home-grown bulbs, hang them, plant and all if you like, from the rafters in the attic. The Fallen Leaves ON’T make the mistake of digging autumn leaves into your garden this fall. If you put in too many they will not decay until spring, when the fermentation will destroy the roots of plants. Make a compost heap of them. Warn your man to keep the stones out of them and next fall, when you come to make flower beds and pot bulbs, you will bless the GARDEN Macazine. Leaf mold isn’t very rich in plant food but it is the best thing in the world for improving the texture of the soil, and without good texture all the fertilizers in the world are no good. We offer ten dollars for the best short illus- trated account of results achieved by making a compost heap of autumn leaves. It must be by a beginner who makes his first compost heap after reading this (see also page 232). The most holiday-like plant in its color effect is the poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). It requires con- siderable heat to get good bright-red bracts This is all the growth the fringed gentian makes in the first six months A seed bed of sphagnum moss is free from the damping off fungus All these gentians were successfully grown and flowered in pots The gentian seedlings (lower) growing wild are much like heal-all (upper figure) The Elusive Fringed Gentian a Garden Plant at Last! OUR LOVELIEST BLUE WILD FLOWER MAY NOW BE GROWN BY ANYBODY—THE MYSTERY OF ITS ‘“CHANGE OF HAUNTS’”’ EXPLAINED—WHY WE NEVER FIND THE PLANT BEFORE IT FLOWERS On the princtple that the most effective way to prevent the extermination of our choicest wild flowers 1s to get people to cultivate them, the publishers of THe GarpDEN MaGazineE and ‘ ‘Country Life 1 in America” have been trying for four years to find out how to grow the fringed gentian. We have published defiant statements to the effect that no one has ever grown it, 1n the hope that someone could disprove it, but unfortunately no one has accepted the challenge. Fringed gentian seed (Gentiana crinita) has been offered in one of the ultra-res pectable seed catalogues for many years. We have bought it but could never make tt grow, nor have we ever had any better luck with seeds collected to our order. Imagine our delight, therefore, when a reliable nurseryman offered last year—not the seeds, but the actual young plants. Alas! these, too, failed to grow, not only for us but for all the other cus- tomers of our nurseryman friend, greatly to his mortification. Meanwhile, in private correspondence and conversation, we had been Ur gt g some of the best gardeners we know to take up the problem and “ Stay by it” for years. At last Mr. Thomas Murray, gardener to Mr.Pierre Loril- lard, at Tieedon N.Y., offered to under- take the work. Two years slipped by. No word passed between us and, to tell the honest truth, we for got that Mr. Murray had promised. Picture our astonishment, therefore, when he walked into our avfiea last September 1 with two potted plants of gentians, eac h bearing eight or ten perfect flowers ! a Mr. Murray saved the seeds until we oy, & 4 spring and sowed them 1n a coldframe ona ay, Vement S wy bed of chopped sphagnum moss, thereby se- Sates —— curing a combination of constant moisture and perfect drainage. The rest was easy. The fringed gentian 1s not an annual. The books are wrong. It 1s a biennial—or perhaps more exactly a “rosette” or “winter annual,” 1. e., the seeds that ripened 1n the fall of 1905 will only make a little rosette of leaves in 1906 and the plants will not bloom until 1907. NOW WE UNDERSTAND 1. Why the fringed gentian seems to “change tts haunts’’ every year. The pods are often frost-bitten before they get a chance to ripen seed. 2. Why flowering plants moved to your home in the fall of 1904 did not bloom this year. They are dead. Their seedlings may bloom for you next year. 3. Why many people have failed. They have innocently slaughtered We have dozens of letters from professionals and giillel cmnatoons colo howe iniad i ceed failed. hundreds of gentian seedlings, thinking they were weeds. Don’t rake your gentian bed 1n spring. To be sure, we have since heard of other persons who have grown fringed gentian one seed, and it 1s only natural that, in a case like this where many people Pavomieen experimenting, more ier we ston! approach SUCCESS. Among published records of the fact that this gentian has been raised from seed 1s that of Mr. f. Ford Sempers, of Atken, Md., whose statement appears in the “American Botantst,” for ‘fanuary “rgd INesscaalion, 1904, but the cultural requirements are not given in detail. Plants of Mr. Sempers’ raising were received at the New York Botanical Garden, on March 16 and 29 of this year, and one of these en- dured to flowering stage, where we saw tt in October. One other plant was living, but the others had died. These were all still in pots, and had not made any luxuriant growth. The specimen that flowered was six inches high, with two blooms. | At the Buffalo Botanical Garden Prof. Ff. F. Cowell has grown fringed gentians \ at various times during the last half-dozen years, and he informs us that he used exactly the same matertal for the seed bed —sphagnum moss—as Mr. Murray did. He started them under glass and set out a few specimens 1n the ordinary border. To both these gentlemen 1s due the credit of having attained results independently of Mr. Murray, but to the latter remains the unquestionable credit of having succeeded in definitely demonstrating that the fringed gentian can be grown in quantities as a garden plant. The recording of a discovery in such a way as to make it generally available 1s at least half the battle, and it deserves some unusual recognition. We have therefore established ““THE GARDEN MaGaziInE Achievement Medal,” which has been designed and executed by Tiffany & Co., and bereby. ask Mr. Murray to accept the first gold medal. This medal 1s not to be competed for. It will not be awarded except as a permanent reminder of the world’s gratitude for a genuine contribution to horticultural progress. the gentian had any tendency to change its The Culture of Fringed Gentian By Thomas Murray Y FIRST attempt at growing the fringed gentian was in 1901. The seeds were gathered in 1900, cleaned, kept in an envel- ope during the winter, and sowed along with my other garden seeds in April. A garden-soil compost in a flat three inches deep was used as a seed bed. This was placed in a coldframe and the watering and ventilation carefully done, but never one gentian appeared. The spot where the seed was gathered had been marked, and in June a careful search for a few self-sown plants was unsuccessful. But when September came I picked the blossoms. The fact was, I did not recognize the seedlings in the early stage of growth. I did not gather any seed in the years IgOl and 1902, but contented myself with looking for the plants in their native haunts. Each season I found them in the same places, but in varying quantity. The reason for this was that the early frosts killed the flowers before the seed was matured. It was not because 210 haunts. In November, 1903, I gathered a con- siderable quantity of seed, stored it as before in an envelope until April 1st, when it was sowed in a compost of well-decomposed leaf mold and fresh loam, as free from fungus as I could get it from the field. The leaf mold made the compost light, and I had, I thought, a fine seed bed. I used a three-inch flat, well drained of course, sowed the seed in rows one inch apart, and covered as lightly as possible. A good watering was then given, using a DECEMBER, 1905 It grows in a moist, The home of the fringed gentian. well-drained place, and demands rich soil to flower well very fine rose on the watering pot, the flat covered with a sheet of newspaper to keep the soil from drying out, and as a further precaution the flat was put into a shaded frame, where the sun never shone on it. SUCCESS AT LAST The seeds came up in three and one-half weeks. I saw thin green lines across the flaf; but unfortunately the soil was now get- ting dry, and I thought it necessary to water. The day after watering the green lines were not so plain, and two days later all that was left was a little tuft in a corner of the flat. Ten days later I pricked off sixty-five seed- lings, all that was left from thousands; fifty- eight of these flowered. This season I determined to try another seed bed, and selected sphagnum moss as more likely to be free from soil than moss found on rocks. Seeds were very scarce last season, so I had only a few to work with this spring, but every one that germinated has grown and at this writing is in a pot. After the first handling I have had no trouble with the plants through ‘‘damping off.” It is no more difficult than handling poppy seedlings, and indeed their root sys- tems are very much alike. Each has a tap root which must be preserved. Of the two plants I would prefer to handle the gentian, as when once it gets a good start it is pretty sure to grow, whereas poppies are liable to suc- cumb at any time. There should be no difficulty in growing the fringed gentian in a greenhouse, where the atmospheric conditions are under control, and by baking the soil, to kill all fungus (as is done when germinating ferns from spores), the damping off of seedlings would be reduced to a minimum. HOW TO GROW GENTIANS Sow the seed the first week in April, using a shallow flat filled with sphagnum moss broken fine and pressed firmly with a board, to make a smooth, even surface. Soak the moss thoroughly and sow the seed thinly. Do not cover the seed. Shade with a newspaper, to prevent the moss from drying out too quickly. Should the moss become dry before the seeds ger- minate, dip the seed flat into a tub of water and let the water rise slowly through the drainage in the bottom until it reaches the THE GARDEN MAGAZINE surface. Never pour water over the flat nor flood the surface, as the seeds are very small and are apt to be displaced and washed into heaps. In about six weeks from the time of sowing, when the plants are about the size of a pin’s head, transplant into 24-inch pots or 24 inches apart in flats. Although the plants are small they are quite easily handled, the root being about 14 inches long. It consists of a straight or tap root, with sometimes a single rootlet, at this stage of growth. In two months, or about the middle of July, transplant into 34- or 4-inch pots, with- out disturbing the ball of soil around the roots—which needs special care, for, although the roots are long, they are not fibrous and do not hold the soil. The first season’s growth is finished by the latter part of September, when the plants will have four pairs of leaves, which lie prac- tically upon the surface of the soil, there being no stem formed the first season. —r Six months old from seed. The first season’s growth mature. Notice the ex: traordinary root development 211 Toward the end of November the leaves fall, leaving only the thickened root stock, or tap root, with a tiny bud on top. THE SECOND YEAR’S GROWTH When spring comes again the main stem grows very quickly from this bud. There is only one main stem, just as there is one main root; all the branches that may form on _ the matured plant arise from this one stem, above ground, from the axils of the leaves. The plant does not make a ‘“‘crown.”? When severe weather sets in the plants should have a covering of The fringed gentian (Gentiana crintta) has the most intense violet flowers in September—all the books call them blue, but it is not sKy blue. such as that shown here. Abundant flowers are only found on plants growing in moist, rich soil Hitherto no one has succeeded in growing the plant. It takes two years to flower from seed. Often early frosts Kill the young seeds, and where the plant was abundant it appears in suc- ceeding years in greatly reduced numbers, while the alternate crop is flowering in profusion elsewhere GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 Planted out in full sunshine, only a few specimens lived to the flowering age, and But when planted in a half-shady, moist, and even then were small stunted plants. leaves, to prevent alternate freezing ana thawing, as this would tend to heave the soil. The growth starts again in April, when plants are uncovered and watering attended to. In May the plants may be planted in a shady, moist border, or, if the pots are preferred, they should be placed in 5- or 6-inch pots. Water is a very important factor in their growth; they do much better if kept always moist. It is better to have them a little too wet than too dry, especially when in pots. Plunging the pots into coal ashes, leaves, soil, etc., prevents them from drying out so quickly, and the plants are more easily handled. The flowering season commences early in September, and if the plants are protected from frost they will continue to bloom till well into October. The gentian growing wild is generally spoken of as being uncertain in its choice of Of allthose set out two-thirds died location, being found first in one place and then in another. I have in mind a spot where it has been growing in more or less profusion for the past five years. It is a made boghole, not a regular soft-bottom quagmire but a little flat at the foot of a gravelly bank, and through it several springs find their outlet. A small bank was formed by throwing the soil from a ditch dug to carry off the spring water, and it retains enough water to keep the flat moist, even in the longest periods of hot summer weather. Over the flat are small hummocks or mounds of gravel or sand on which moss has grown, and on these I find most of the seed- lings. Now, although the mossy hummocks of gravelly soil seem to be ideal seed beds, the plants do not grow well. When matured the majority are little more than three or four inches high (very rarely twelve inches), bear- ing from one to six very small blossoms. sheltered situation, bordering the walk on the lef, every plant grew sturdily and flowered A strong piant with several side branches, making a big show of flower, I have invariably found growing in a deposit of rich loam— rather light than heavy. Never have I found a plant doing well in a clayey or hard-pan soil; the roots are soft, and must have a free, open soil. This fall there are more wild gentian plants in bloom than in any previous year since I began taking notice of them. In 1903 the first killing frost did not come until the middle of October, thus allowing ample time for most of the seeds to ripen, and by June of the next year there were thousands of seedlings of the same crop as the plants I now have in flower. This season I had to look carefully to find a single seedling in the same place. Why? In the middle of September, last year, came a killing frost, which destroyed the majority of the flowers before the seeds had ripened. Consequently the wild gentian crop in 1906 will be small. Record-Breaking Experiences in Gardening LITTLE STORIES OF PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT BY AMATEURS—AN ANNUAL DECEM- BER FEATURE OF “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE” OTHER CHRISTMAS PERIODICALS—A “ROUND-UP” WHICH DISTINGUISHES IT FROM OF THE YEAR’S SUCCESSES [There seems to be no adequate body of horticultural records in America—no generally recognized standards of excellence—save for a few special things. Yet, clearly enough, the way to make progress is to know the best that has been done, in order that we may do something better. We ought to know the earliest date for sweet peas to bloom in each locality; how big a Hubbard squash should be to stand any chance of winning a prize at an exhibition; the “points” of a good Seckel pear; how to tell quality peas simply by the looks of the seed, etc. In order to find out what are the existing quality and exhibition standards, we invite the co-operation of our readers. While we pay for other acceptable articles, we particularly ask no one who desires remuneration to send statistical information of Let us all join the gardening fraternity and do what we can for the cause of progress! published records, and shall be glad to print all we can. this kind. Such work ought, from the nature of things, to be a labor of love. We shall be glad to know of any considerable body of In order to beat existing records, we hereby offer an indefinite number of five-dollar prizes to anyone who produces facts and a photograph to prove that he has beaten any achieve- ment recorded in this number. But, of course, a much better thing is to aim at something new and original. And, thank Heaven, the finest things of life cannot be expressed by statistics. Take, for example, the following unpretentious little stories of home successes and pleasures. Are they not better than dry, lifeless figures ? This is what we want. Tell us what you had that was new, earlier, bigger, longer in season, and of better quality. But remember this: Tur Garpen MaGazine exists for one thing—quality. It has no concern with things that will ship round the world, last forever, and taste like nothing— except to warn you against the biggest things which have no flavor. And we must reserve the right to be the sole judges of what is an important achievement for our readers.] Large Mild Onions WiLLIAM ScorT, Tarrytown, N. Y. HE onions here shown are grown by what is known as the new onion culture. The method consists of sowing the seed in the greenhouse and growing on until the weather is sufficiently warm to plant out- doors. For the crop from which these were selected seed was sown on the 15th of January- The plants were pricked over into flats (a moderately enriched soil being used) on March 3d, about 14 inches of space being allowed to each plant and grown on in a house where a night temperature of 50° was maintained, being well exposed to light to prevent drawing. About the 1st of April they were set in a cold- frame (in the flats) and gradually hardened off, and on April 20th transferred to the open eround. The rows were set 15 inches apart, and the plants 6 inches apart in the rows. The soil in which they were planted was a good, rich garden soil, liberally manured. They were kept well cultivated through the season but no water or liquid manure was applied. The combined weight of the three onions here shown is exactly five pounds, and DECEMBER, The backyard garden of a Boston doctor. It is but 6x6 feet in a bricked yard Three Prizetaker onions that weighed exactly five pounds. Seed sown January 15th The flowers of June Ist. March to October. (See opposite figure) This spot had bloom from THE GARDEN MAGAZINE the average circumference measurement is 15 inches. The variety is Prizetaker, which we consider the best for producing large specimens. We have had them larger than this. The size can be considerably increased by feeding with liquid manure, but this renders the onions so soft that it spoils their keeping qualities. The flavor of onions grown this way is milder than when grown by the ordinary method. A Garden in a 6x 6 Backyard JoHN DIxXwELL, Massachusetts i HAVE made a rockery in the smallest of city backyards at a cost of $5.00. The yard has a bricked surface which cannot be dug up on account of the drain pipes, and the high brick walls shut out all but a little western sunlight. I laid the earth for the garden a foot thick on top of the bricks, and kept it in place by pieces of stone. The garden contains sword ferns and rubber plants from other people’s rubbish, genistas and azaleas left over from Christmas, part- ridge berries, fir trees, mountain cranberry, jack-in-the-pulpit, meadow rue and_ ferns which I have picked up from woods and meadows. Two toads and a small green snake keep the plants clear of insect pests. I take in the house plants every winter, and the rest have come up themselves every spring for six years. As I never have time to take a vacation, I find this little garden very restful in the heat of summer. Continuous Bloom from March to October FLora Lewis MarBLe, Pennsylvania QO can cover up the lonely spots of a garden with plants from the florists, but a much finer way is to plan a succession of blooms for each plot of ground long before planting time comes. One part of our garden has two beds with a narrow path between. The lawn comes down to the front bed, the back bed extends to the fence. These beds are edged with hepaticas and snowdrops. By March 25th we can be sure of seeing them in bloom. April and May are the months for wild flowers and bulbs, and the hardy Iceland poppies that are planted toward the centre of the beds bloom from early May until midsummer, and then again in the fall. Between the borders and centres occupied by perennials is a piece of ground left for annuals. About the middle of April we put sweet alyssum seed in the first bed. This covers the retreat of the hepaticas. The first of May we set young pansy plants in the other strip to spread over the snowdrops. They bloomed from the middle of May to frost, for we kept them closely picked. The month of June began with the iris. It is set among the poppies, in four clumps at the corners of the beds. The centre of each bed is given up to a large pink peony. Between the peonies and the iris clumps is a wild flower, the tall meadow rue. The meadow rue and peonies follow the iris. A hedge for ten cents. Is there a better plant than the Castor bean for a quick-growing hedge? Cauliflowers planted out on April 20th in a dry, exposed spot were sheltered by corn and grew the best heads in the garden The same spot as that shown in the picture opposite, but three months later. Gladiolus in full flower | 214 Squash by June! By planting in rich compost on March 30th, they were in flower by May, when ordinary folk are just planting. Is this the record ? Nothing can be more beautiful than this combination. Meadow rue grows rank after it is through blooming, and must be cut down by the middle of July. California poppies come up from self-sown seed each year. Their slender stems can be seen about the meadow rue in June. When it is cut down they trail like magic over this new territory and cover it with golden glory through July and August. Early in May we planted nasturtiums by the fence. They bloomed from July to frost. The foliage makes a good background. Three rows of zinnias were sown at the same time. They formed a strong rank in front of the nasturtiums. They bloomed from the first of July to frost. We also found some room in the back bed for marigolds. They were kept closely picked and bloomed for the same period. On April 22d and May 15th we tucked gladiolus bulbs in the soft earth among the iris rootstocks. The foliage is much the same. Through August and early September they seemed to re-create the iris. The flowers grew and bloomed as follows: March 25 through April.. Hepaticas; snowdrops. Miaygmmcrivescece er Iceland poppies, yellow; pansies, purple (to frost). Juneysctae eee rae Sweet alyssum, white (to frost); Iris, in variety; meadow rue, white; peonies, pink. HUSfaccebdsoocoon000ne California poppies, yellow; nas- turtiums, orange (to frost); zinnias, mixed (to frost); mari- golds, yellow (to frost). August-September... .. Gladiolus, mixed; late blooms of Iceland poppies. All the parts of the beds given to annuals are dug up every fall and well-rotted manure raked into the open ground. It is spread over the perennials after frost, and raked away in the spring. Bone dust is added from time to time. This keeps the ground from wearing out, and gives us the assurance of an abundance of flowers each season. Cornan Umbrella for Cauliflower GERTRUDE WHITLOCK, Long Island (@ as early cauliflowers were set out in the highest, dryest and most exposed part of the garden instead of in a place the direct opposite of this, and to neutralize these con- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ditions we planted a crop of second early corn with them—two or three kernels between each head of cauliflower, which were set in rows 30 inches apart and 16 inches between each head. The cauliflowers had been raised in the hotbed and were set out in the open ground on the 2zoth of April, and the corn was planted on the 3rd of May. As the cauliflowers were, perhaps, a foot high before the corn was planted, they had all the benefit of the sun in the cool spring- time, when they make their most rapid. growth, and by the time the heads had begun to form and the days to grow hot the corn was big enough to afford a shelter without actual shade. Under these conditions the cauli- flowers throve as never before, most of the heads ripening perfectly without the necessity of tying them up in their outer leaves, as is necessary under ordinary conditions. As each head ripened it was pulled out, root and all; as the roots grow straight down Brussels sprouts left outdoors all winier but pro- tected like roses with a straw jacKet are wonderfully good eating in spring before the early vegetables into the ground without spreading much, there is no danger of uprooting the corn at the same time. By the time the last of the cauliflowers are ripe, one has a flourishing crop of corn and a practical example of two crops on the same ground at the same time. These sweet peas were blooming on May 5, 1905. They were planted in the open ground late in No: vember, 1904, and were protected with mulch till March, 1905. Is there a better record than this of Mr. Harry R. Browne, of Cincinnati, Ohio ? DECEMBER, 1905 Lima beans without poles. No. 10 fence wire stretched tight makes a strong support without the ugliness of bean poles. Planted in hills four feet apart and the rows also four feet apart Heresy in Squash Culture HOW TO EAT SQUASH WHEN OTHER PEOPLE ARE WATCHING IT BLOSSOM Grace L. Weeks, Long Island Vives the garden books tell us to wait until danger of frost is past before planting one’s squash. ‘This means some time in May in the vicinity of New York City. The crop is then due in July. We always have our first squash ready to eat before those planted in May are in blossom. We have a compost heap in the corner of the garden upon which all refuse is thrown—over-ripe vegetables, weeds, and bushes that are through bearing; this makes a famous top dressing and is spread over the garden in the spring with the other fertilizer and plowed under. Through this source we have been surprised to see how many seeds have the vitality to survive a winter out of doors, for here and there over the garden young plants have appeared. Last spring there were tomatoes, potatoes, onions, watermelons and squash—hints for fall planting. Acting upon this suggestion, we planted a few squash seeds on March 30th, when planting first peas. They all came up despite the fact that a light fall of snow covered the ground on April 17th, were in bloom by regulation time, ard full of fruit before the others had budded. If the little renegade squashes come up in the way of the regular crops they can be transplanted after a rain, in which case they will not bear fruit quite as soon as those that are undisturbed. Brussels Sprouts Badly Out of Season A CANNY DEVICE FOR GETTING ‘‘ BABY CAB- BAGES”’? FROM FALL TO SPRING G. L. Wuittock, Long Island W ee the fall of the year is the recog- nized season for Brussels sprouts, by a little management this delicious and healthful vegetable can be enjoyed for a much longer period of time—even as long a period as the following spring. We plant a supply greater than for our immediate needs, be- ce DECEMBER, 1905 ginning to use the delicate little cabbages after the first frost—they need a freeze before they reach their full flavor—and continue cutting from out of doors until December. Then we pull a lot of the stalks and hang them up, roots and all, in the cellar. These will last fresh for a month or so. Others, brought in at the same time with those that are to be ‘“‘hung,”’ we plant in a big box of moist sand or earth. These are ready for use when the other supply fails. By cutting off the tops and trimming off the roots one can plant much more compactly. Select some of the finest stalks to winter out and either bundle them up in straw, as one would a rose-bush, or bend the stalk over to the ground and cover with leaves. They will not be injured by the hardest winter, and can be picked in the early spring when fresh vegetables are at a premium and not always in prime condition. Record-Breaking Hedges of Annuals L. M. Be tt, Michigan |() eee anyone know a better way of rais- ing a temporary hedge quickly from seed than by planting the castor bean? The one here illustrated was grown in Michigan, by Mr. Chester Binns, and it required one-half pound of seed for nine rods of hedge, the plants being set 18 inches apart. By sowing mixed varieties you will get a good mixture of foliage color when the plants grow up. It is better to sow the seed where the plants will grow, as transplanting often stunts the ultimate growth. I do not know of anything cheaper, as a hedge like the one illustrated can be had for about twenty cents. The old-fashioned pole lima can be trained on wires to make a hedge, which is not only an excellent screen but will yield something for the table all through the season. If you stretch wires and do away with the old- fashioned and ugly bean pole, you will have something that is pretty as well as useful. Use No. to fence wire, stretched tight, and plant your seed in hills, 4 feet apart, four beans toa hill. Drive a small stick 12 inches long in each hill, tie twine to the stake and lead it over the wire, for the beans to climb up. If you have double rows, lead the string from one row to the other, to make an arbor. One hundred hills can be staked in this way for fifty cents. Specimen Trees from the Woods W. ANDERSON, Massachusetts WE HAVE succeeded admirably in get- ting good-sized specimen trees by retaining the kinds wanted when clearing the land for the lawn. Hawthorns were abundant, and as ragged as any tree or shrub can be when jostled and crowded by the wild undergrowth. By clearing around them, adding a top dressing of good soil and treating them like other plants in a garden a year made a won- derful difference to them. The lower growth THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Specimen thorns (Crataegus) on the estate of Mr. Bayard Thayer at South Lancaster, Mass. ie sae These are the thorns in the Thaver woods just after c bo t They are all natural woodland trees which were cleared around. Compare with trees in the figure below learing out birch, etc. Notice the bare lower portions, and see figure above for what a year's cultivation can accomplish A single branch of Prairie Queen rose that makes a whole flower bed in Wisconsin. blooms. It is taken indoors each winter. iii salt Fi f AUTO Ce “HOTA i One year it bore 3,500 Has anyone a better rose bush than this? 216 developed, and they measured 12 feet in height, with 8 feet in diameter at the base. Bloomed Three Times in Fourteen Months I. M. ANGELL, New York GWEET WILLIAMS sown July 21, 1904, and wintered with no protection but the snow were in bloom the first week in June, 1905. By June 27th they had passed their best, and the flower heads were cut off before having a chance to go to seed. ‘The plants sent out side shoots and were in bud again by the first part of July. The second season of flowering lasted about three wecks, until the first of August, when the plants were again cut back. On August 28th they started with a third crop of flowers. By this time the plants were very bushy, with numerous side branches, and the blooms were much lower than the first flowers. The photograph was taken at the height of their Rhubarb all the year. Grow the plants in a barrel and feed heavily. Get extra strong roots in the first place and have pie the next season without waiting four years. This was photographed in July — Rhubarb—45 inches long, weight, eleven ounces THE GARDEN MAGAZINE second bloom, July 22d. A humming-bird thrust his bill into the flower-head nearest the left margin of the picture, but his wings moved so rapidly that only the head is to be seen in the photograph. This record could not be made except by midsummer sowing. If we had waited till spring to plant our seed there would have been no bloom till next year. 3,500 Roses On One Bush M. A. NicHots, Lodi, Wis. des Prairie Queen rose-bush occupies a large section of the front lawn, for we have it trained horizontally over a low trellis— extended from time to time as the growth requires—instead of climbing, which is the usual way but more difficult to cover in winter. As we have had it several years, it would be enormous in size if we did not keep it in check by cutting out the old branches and cutting off the ends of the new. ‘This sharp pruning is done early in the spring, after lifting the bush out of its winter bed. We keep it about ten by twenty feet in size—the branches gracefully falling each way from one root. Although this polyantha rose blooms but once a year, we have its roses about a month from first to last. One year it was so prolific as to bear 3,500 roses according to actual count—which is about a fair estimate of the usual succession—a most beautiful sight. This rare growth does not come by chance; the ground must be rich and kept loosened about the roots. In dry weather the root branches need to be well watered and the foliage sprinkled. ‘Then the foliage-eating worms and green bugs must be closely watched and guarded against. When we see the leaves have been eaten we know that the worms are around. A very weak solution of white hellebore—one tablespoonful to a gallon of water, switched on with a brush broom—will subdue them for a short period. The green bug is noticeable underneath the leaves and along the very tender stems. DECEMBER, 1905 MY hk EL coze| Don't rest satisfied with a dacKyard like this, which is both unsanitary anb an evesore But take a little healthy exercise—make a garden and enjoy fresh vegetables. This is two months’ result Kerosene emulsion, exceedingly weak—a gill of the preparation to a gallon of water— thoroughly sprinkled on the foliage from a watering-pot, is the best antidote for them for the time being. Both of these remedies have to be used quite often during the season; the only care needed is not to injure the foliage by having the solutions too strong. This rose-bush grows thriftily all summer. Late in the fall it is gently taken down from its frame and supported near the roots by some very low boxes, so as not to bend the strong branches too abruptly. If any are too stiff to lie down well light weights are put We have no records. But can anyone send usa picture of a better bed of Day-lily (FunKia) than this ? DECEMBER, 1905 ee a! Sweet Williams (Dianthus barbatus) in flower at eleven months. June. on at first, gradually increasing the weight until pliable. Then, with a thick covering of straw and a few light boards to keep it in place, the bush rests securely through the rugged winters and is ready to smile again in June. In the spring of 1904, in taking off its winter covering, we found the mice had girdled for some distance every branch but two. These were almost girdled. The crowning glory of our extensive grounds was an entire wreck. Every branch was cut off close to the root excepting the two mentioned —just a couple of whips in place of the long- time majestic bush. The picture accompanying this shows the marvelous growth in a little over a year. It now occupies a trellis g x 15 feet, and prom- ises to be more prolific than ever. Another catastrophe of this kind is not anticipated, as we have learned that sulphur freely sprinkled around the roots before covering will effectually prevent such ravages. Rhubarb for Table All Summer H. R. ALBEE, New Hampshire ALF a dozen well-established rhubarb plants furnished our family of six peo- ple with rhubarb all summer, if not pulled oftener than twice a week. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE oO ae ag jae — Secure large undivided roots that will give results without waiting four years. The Linneus is a choice early variety. The stalks are of a mild, delicate flavor, a brilliant red in color, and of immense size. A single stalk including the leaf will often measure forty inches, and the stalk alone weighs half a pound. In planting, the ground is made mellow to the depth of two feet or more and heavily dressed. Is is better to leave new plants undisturbed for a year or two, for close picking retards the growth. Every autumn the plants should be covered a foot deep with coarse stable manure, and in the spring the top of the old dressing should be raked off and a new lot of well-rotted manure put on. As soon as the leaves show a few inches above the ground each plant should be covered with a barrel sawed in two and the ends knocked out. Nail the hoops firmly to the staves, or the half barrel will fall to pieces before the sum- mer is over. This is kept about the plant until it is time to give the autumn covering. A half barrel shades the roots, keeps the ground moist, and in the effort to spread their leaves to the light the stalks grow to an enor- mous length. Nothing is gained, however, by using a whole barrel, for the stalks grow thin and the plant is not so healthy. Under this treatment rhubarb is as crisp and tender in ‘ r 7 -t J “~ ef ate ‘% , Se Did Fe wae F : <3 This achievement is the result of sowing the seed on July 21st—the plants were in flower the following Three crops of bloom in fourteen months, by cutting out the old flower heads to induce branching. Notice the humming-bird’s head to the left August and September as in early spring. All blossom buds should be cut off as soon as they appear, and in gathering the stalks they should not be cut but pulled, by taking hold of the stem low down in the barrel and giving a quick, strong tug. This loosens the stalk with its sheath-shaped base and leaves the plant uninjured. A Conservatory Built Around a Cellar Door By Edith L. Fullerton, Long Island SMALL conservatory had always been our hearts’ desire. We found a rather odd combination in our old Long Island home which gave us one. I must confess we should be without one now had not a good deal of ingenuity been used. The south hall door opens upon a small porch, with the outside cellar door under part of its roof. One French window also opens on to it. The floor of this porch was directly on the ground and, as the boards had rotted away, we removed them, substituting a floor of cement. The cellar is low, and a modern furnace heated it beyond the point of wisdom. We sought an outlet for the heat, and immediately the conservatory shaped itself. By enclosing the small porch in glass and removing the 218 outside cellar doors, the heat from the cellar would be released and the conservatory warmed. By leaving the hall door open and removing the French windows from the living room, we gained more heat and better ventilation. The method of enclosing the porch was a matter for much consideration. Our desire was to have as much glass and as little wood as was possible for strength and durability. We also desired the glass panes to butt and not be puttied. It was necessary to have a door in front of the cellar door for the removal of coal ashes, and transoms for ventilation. With this general plan the work was begun. A heavy timber was run along the floor and bolted at the corners (the conservatory must disappear in summer time). A correspond- ing timber ran along the edge of the porch ceiling. Uprights were then placed at cer- tain intervals, and these were grooved to admit of the glass sliding down them. We The unpromising proposition we started with. The cellar door and a bit of the porch Outside the conservatory; showing the door opening into it, and the coated glass THE GARDEN MAGAZINE had a large number of 11 x 14 photographic plates, which had been shipped during a rain storm and had become thoroughly soaked. They were of course useless except as glass, and these, freed from the gelatin, made the glass panes for our conservatory. As there would be too much sunlight for the plants in this protected corner, curtains of unbleached muslin were arranged for; the rollers, four and five feet long, respec- tively, were of tin. These were set at the bottom, along the beam, and the curtains drawn up by means of a sash cord and pullies. Thus could the plants be shaded, while the sunlight was let in higher up. Two trays about table height were con- structed. They were four inches deep, to admit of sand in them in which to sink the pots. A shelf was made about two inches from the floor on these tray tables, and made an admirable place for seed boxes and for starting bulbs. There was great rejoicing when the “garden room,”’ as I love to call it, was com- pleted, for it was my winter garden, and I unconsciously gravitated toward it many times a day. We found the curtains insufficient pro- tection from the sun, so we coated the out- side with a wash to keep off the direct rays. As for the heating, there was ample, and our cellar was kept in the finest condition. When the thermometer registered four below zero out of doors, the conservatory regis- tered 56°. Again, fortune favored us in the watering scheme. The outside attachment for the hose had been placed over the cellar door, and the hose reel beside it, therefore our sprinkling apparatus was right at hand. Another item delighted my soul—by closing the doors we could burn nicotine punk and rid the plants of insects. The cost of this structure was: alb ore) hiss eee eae $31.00 IRIN Dera ee eet ac tent tae 16.42 Corxnerimonworkss445ee ee I.00 JeleinchWOiKn@iscousoesocosocess 4.00 WOOT sparc eters saa ead pices seer BE5O Sashicord aeons 35 MO tA om ers ecprte $56.27 The labor included cutting glass and plac- ing it in the frames where it was needed. The flowers throve beautifully, our favor- gites for the winter time bein the Dutch bulbs, i Looking into the garden from the dining-room door, Flowers inside; a snowstorm without DECEMBER, 1905 while we raised radishes in February, lettuce in March, and had pansy and tomato plants ready to set out when spring opened. A Late Garden Made from a Refuse Heap A. Bowen, Michigan T was a sorry looking place in the spring. There were sticks, stones, bricks, dirty old matting, plumbers’ refuse, tall weeds—it was full of rubbish. Nothing was done to it until July 6th, when I cleaned it out partially, spaded it and raked it. The tall buildings shut out all sunshine, except from one till three o’clock, and the soil was poor, yet we had green tomatoes, string beans, lettuce, radishes, onions and flowers, before the end of the season. Showing the construction of the wooden trays that hold the flower pots The curtain of cheesecloth, raised to Keep the strong sun from scorching the delicate plants Planting a Country Place for Winter—By James Wood ¥ HOW WINDBREAKS MAY BE ARRANGED TO SHELTER THE HOUSE, AVOID SNOW- DRIFTS, AND PROVIDE A WINTER WALK—SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING ATTRACTIVE WINTER VIEWS, PROVIDING CHEERY BITS OF COLOR, AND ATTRACTING THE BIRDS {pee method of planting a country place depends chiefly upon the purpose that animates that place. It may be a farm where business interests are prominent; it may be a gentleman’s residence to be occu- pied throughout the year; or it may be for summer rest and enjoyment. The place should be planted to best meet its particular purpose. For summer use the house should receive the unobstructed southwest wind, which brings such refreshment into “‘the twilight of the sultry day,” and open lawns and flowers and cooling shade should combine their attractions. Upon the farm beauty, convenience and utility should be brought into harmonious relation, while for the all- year residence particular attention should be given to winter comfort and enjoyment. Indeed the all-year home requires more skill for its proper planting than does any other, for the requirements of every season must be considered. Every season has its peculiar charms for the eye that can see them, but dear old winter seems to require more attention to arrangement to bring out its beauties than The winter dreariness of a wind-swept tract. No suggestion of comfort here. do the others. Its biting blasts must be broken and tempered, its drifting snows must be regulated, its feeble sunshine must be conserved, the mellow autumn must be kept as long as possible and the returning spring must be encouraged to hasten its coming, while during the time of its undisputable sway we must set out in fairest display its charms of snowflakes and ice crystals and white mantles. A FREEZING MAN HAS NO EYE FOR BEAUTY In planting for winter, comfort must receive the first consideration. The rude north wind must have its force broken. This may be accomplished by planting evergreens for windbreaks. But it is best to attain the end without the formal array of a straight border, which is often too assertive. The outbuildings should be placed to do part of the work, but so as not to show too plainly that this was in view. Between the buildings groups of evergreens may be placed, so as to make a pleasing variety, add a beauty of their own and effectually complete the windbreaking circuit. In all our Northern states the northwest wind is 219 the enemy whose assaults must be guarded against. But we have severe winds from the north and northeast, and these points should also be effectually covered. It requires not a little study to do this without formality, but by using natural elevations where there are any, and arranging buildings and plant- ings with due relation to each other, utility and beauty may join hands very successfully. Snowdrifts should be considered, as well as the direct force of winds. These often cause much inconvenience, but they are the creatures of well-known conditions and may be easily guarded against. They are never made for a considerable distance in the lee of a belt of evergreens. In almost any situation this may be readily ccntrolled. As a rule, the places where snow will drift can only be known by experience, but whether it will accumulate in a given space or not one may insure against by proper planting. The lee of windbreaks should be utilized for special purposes. Where there is con- siderable length, there should be made a winter pleasure walk. We need open air exercise, and ‘‘the winter walk at noon” has great possibilities for enjoyment. The wind Compare with the cozy suggestiveness of the picture on the next page THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1965 The evergreens give warmth and comfort in the depth of winter when the snow hangs over all may rage beyond the belt of evergreens, but here is peace and warmth. “The night was winter in his roughest mood; The morning sharp and clear. But now at noon Upon the southern side of the slant hills, And where the trees fence off the northern blast, The season smiles, resigning all its rage, And has the warmth of May.” Here the line of coldframes may be placed, for here the morning and the mid-day sun will have a force not found elsewhere. The genial sun seems to love such situations. The growing plants within the frames will add other forecasts of springtime, always sweet in winter days. These plantings to shield from wind may be extended to protect an entire lawn of many acres in extent. WHAT TREES ARE BEST There are two of greatest value—the Norway spruce and the American hemlock. Both are of rapid growth, are completely hardy, and of pleasing appearance. Our hemlock is one of the most beautiful ever- greens found anywhere. It is stately in form, its branches are graceful, its foliage is fine in texture and dark and rich in color. The Norway spruce has done well in America. It would be difficult to find specimens in its native land to compare in beauty with thou- sands among the older plantings in New England and the Middle States. There is a great difference in their habit of growth as they attain large size. Some are stiff and unattractive, while others have pendant lateral branches and are very graceful in appearance. Our white pine is a grand tree, that becomes very picturesque in old age. It should have a good place in winter planting. But there are other matters to be con- sidered beside protection from winds, and the diversion of drifting snows. We want pleasant outlooks. The winter vista is more important than the summer, because there are then fewer attractions to please the eye. There are two points of view that should ‘be carefully considered, so that each may have the best the place affords. One is the ap- proach to the house, preferably from the drive, just as the house is reached, or it may be from the steps at the front entrance. You may have been familiar with the view all your life, but it will gladden your gaze and tingle your blood when + you reach your home, while the visitor will experience a pleasant greeting, even before the host has welcomed him. The other point is from the windows from which you most frequently look—it may be from the library, or the dining room, or the “living room.” If your place has any charming view, be careful to make your plantings so as to give the best to these two points. Scarcely Tess important are the windows of your dressing rooms. The day starts the better when we look out upon pleasant scenes in the morning. The win- dows of the nursery should have consideration, too. These vistas for winter effect should be bordered by irregular groupings of both evergreens and deciduous trees, with clumps of rhododendrons and mahonias, hollys and “with each its added charm.” If the vista leads to wooded hills and gentle, snow-covered slopes, it will always be a joy. But there are many things to consider in winter planting. It is always pleasing to look away underneath large evergreens, with their branches gracefully bending under the weight of clinging snow. Here birds like to gather for shelter, and if there are pheas- ants upon the place, you may here tempt them with scattered grain, so that they may be often seen upon these feeding grounds. But other birds should be enticed within your view. Opposite a convenient window there should be a tree where beef or mutton bones may be hung, to which a fascinating company of nuthatches and chick-a-dees, will come to pick the clinging meat scraps. Plant those varieties of deciduous trees that are beautiful when bare of leaves. All the birches have fine twigs that show beau- tifully against the winter sky. The weeping cut-leaved birch is a charming winter tree; so, too, is the American beech, with its leader arms and graceful twigs and _ branches. The English beech, which is worthy of more attention in America than it has received, carries its rich brown leaves quite through the winter. Some people like this, and some do not, but it makes an interesting variety. SHRUBS FOR WINTER EFFECT The rhododendron takes first place among winter shrubs. Its great, rich, glossy leaves are very beautiful, except when, in very low SAaYUL AHL ONOWV GATLSUN ANOH V AO LYOAWOO YWALNIM AHL | 999 temperatures, they curl up for their own protection. The holly (Ilex opaca) is very striking, with its dark green foliage and bright red berries. It is grown successfully up to latitude 41°. The berries retain their color through the winter. ‘The ashberry mahonia (Berberis Aquifolium) is a very good evergreen shrub, and its foliage is valuable for table decora- tion. Its yellow flowers are attractive in springtime. ‘The mahonia makes a charming border to a clump of rhododendrons, and is THE GARDEN MAGAZINE exactly in place along the _belt-sheltered winter walk. The foliage becomes somewhat marred by early spring. Among deciduous shrubs not half enough is made of the wild black alder (//ex verticillata). It loses its leaves late in autumn and reveals its wealth of brilliant scarlet berries, which retain their wondrous beauty past midwinter. Of bulbs, the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) brightens the November days, while the snowdrops and the common crocus should border the sheltered winter DECEMBER, 1905 walks, to greet us with ‘Spring is here.” There are many other trees and_ shrubs that may be advantageously used for winter effect, as the English ivy, anywhere south of New York and in favored localities farther north. It is better suited to trees and rocks than to house walls. But. we have named enough to indicate how many may be used. Fortunate are they who have country places for winter enjoyment, doubly fortunate they who have eyes that make the most of winter’s charms. Trees and Shrubs for Color in Winter SELECTIONS OF THE BEST KINDS THAT WILL GIVE COMFORT ABOUT THE HOME ON ACCOUNT OF THE COLOR EFFECT OF THEIR FRUIT OR BARK. BY LEADING PARK SUPERINTENDENTS, LANDSCAPE GARDENERS AND OTHERS Compiled from information supplied by John Dunbar, J. W. Duncan, J. Jensen, H. J. Kochler, E. Mische, C. J. Molloy, J. W. Oliver, P. J. Berckmans, and E. N, Reasoner. The Latin name is given here so as to insure accuracy in the identity of the plants in question. I. PLANTS GROWN FOR THEIR FRUIT SCARLET FRUITS—-TREES Ilex opaca can generally be relied upon to hold its fruits until after Christmas, but even that drops its berries in Western New York (Rochester). Ilex verticillata is the only tree or shrub that can be relied upon in that section to carry its red berries over Christmas. Pyracantha coccinea is good south of New England. In. the South: Ilex Dahoon, Cornus florida, Arbutus Unedo, Rhus typhina, and Rhamnus Caro- liniana. SCARLET FRUITS—SHRUBS Berberis Thunbergii, Sibirica and vulgaris. Benzoin oderiferum. Celastrus orbiculatus. Ilex verticillata, opaca and levigata. Lont- cera bella, var. albida, and var. candida. Lonicera Ruprechtiana. Pyracantha coccinea (not reliably hardy in New England). Kosa rugosa, multiflora and setigera. Rhus typhina. Symphoricar pos vulgaris. For the South: Avdisia crenulata. Rhus co pallina. YELLOW FRUITS Cydonia Japonica and Maulei. Eriobotrya Japonica. ticillata, var. fructu Luteo. Viburnum O pulus. Hippophae rhamnoides. Ilex ver- Melia Azedarach. GRAY FRUITS Clethra alnifolia. Eleagnus angustifolia. Myrica cerifera. Cornus candidissima. Fagus ferruginea. WHITE FRUITS Symphoricar pos racemosus and occidentalis (the snowberries), are well known for their white fruits. Of other plants there are white- fruited varieties of the common privet and of callicarpa. ; For the South only, Sapium sebiferum and Ardisia crenulata, var. alba. ORANGE FRUITS Citrus trifoliata. Cydonia Japonica. Cra- tegus orientalis. Duranta Plumieri (large evergreen shrub, for the extreme South only). Ilex aquifolium, var. fructo aurantiaco. Lonicera Morrowt. Pyracantha coccinea, var. Lalandi. Rosa pendulina, Arkansana, acicularis and blanda. Sapindus margin- atus. BLUE AND BLUISH FRUITS Callicar pa purpurea and Americana. Cor- nus sanguinea. Juniperus Virginiana. Ber- beris Japonicum and Aquifolium. Viburnum nudum and dentatum. For the South: Aralia spinosa. Nyssa sylvatica. Symphoricarpos vulgaris, var. glomeratus. Prunus maritima (rose purple). BLACK FRUITS Crategus Douglasi and nigra. Ligustrum vulgaris, Ibota and Regelianum. Sambucus Canadensis. Viburnum rugosum and Lentago. Rhamnus cathartica and Dahurica. For the South: Rhamnus lanceolata. V1- burnum pruntfolium, acerifolium and pubes- cens. Ardisia polycephala and Pickeringt. Ilex glabra. VINES FOR WINTER FRUIT Cocculus Carolinus (bright red berries all winter). Celastrus scandens and paniculatus (yellow and red). Euonymus radicans (yellow and red). Gazltheria procumbens (scarlet). Lycium halimifolium and Chinense (red). Mitchella repens (red). Rhus Toxt- codendron (gray). Il. PLANTS GROWN FOR THEIR BARK In growing for winter effect it should be remembered that the color is invariably brighter on the young growths, and for that reason severe pruning—even to the extent of cutting right down to the ground—is often desirable. This extreme will be resorted to only close to the house, where the shrubberies are regarded very much in the light of flower beds. GRAY OR WHITISH TREES Acer Pennsylvanicum (white and green). Betula populifolia, alba, var. pendula laciniata and papyrifera. Cornus candidissima. Dier- villa florida. Deutzia gracilis. Fagus ferru- ginea. Hydrangea quercifolia. Juglans ci- nerea. Lonicera Tartarica. Magnolia glauca. Oxydendrum arboreum. Philadelphus Gor- donianus. Populus alba, canescens, grandi- dentata, tremula and tremuloides. Symphori- carpos racemosus. BRIGHT GREEN TWIGS Acer Pennsylvanicum. Euonymus Europeus and atropurpureus. Fraxinus lanceolata. Jasminum nudiflorum (not reliably hardy). Kerria Japonica. Laurus Sassafras (young shoots). Parkin- sonia aculeata. Salix pentandra. Sterculia platantfolia. Citrus trifoliata. RED BARK Betula nigra. Cornus stolonifera, Sibirica sanguinea, Amonum, florida and circinata. Rosa lucida. Salix vitellina, var. Britzensis, palmefolia, purpurea and alba. Tilia pla- typhyllos, var. rubra. YELLOW BARK Cornus stolonifera, var. flaviramea. For- sythia suspensa, var. Fortunei, viridissima and intermedia. Fraxinus excelsior, var. aurea. Kerria Japonica, var. aureo-vittatis. Rosa lucida, var. alba. Salix vittellina, var. aurea. Salix Babylonica, var. aurea, alba and pentandra. III. FOR WINTER FOLIAGE AND FLOWER DECIDUOUS FOLIAGE THAT LASTS UNTIL CHRISTMAS In the North : Red and scarlet oak, occa- sionally, also young trees of English oak, young trees of European beech (Fagus syl- vatica), and at times the American beech (PF. ferruginea). Quercus alba (brown). Lig- ustrum ovalifoliwm and Sinense ; Lonicera Halleana (greenish). For the South: Berberts Thunbergi. Prunus Pissardi (red). Liquidambar styra- ciflua (yellow). Rosmarinus officinalis ; Tam- arix juniperina ; Quercus Virginiana and Phellos (greenish). House Plants for Christmas Presents—By James T. Scott INSTEAD OF DYING IN HOW TO SELECT KINDS THAT WILL LAST ANOTHER YEAR, A FORTNIGHT—WHAT TO DO WITH THEM DURING AND AFTER THE (Cs plants, in pots, are far more satisfactory than cut flowers for Christmas presents. They cost about the same, but the latter will quickly fade, while the former live and, with due care and atten- tion, grow better. WHEN AND HOW TO BUY Tf you want the best plants the market offers, be early. Make your selections at least five or six days before the holidays. The stores always have samples enough on hand about that time to give you an idea of what you are likely to get. An early selection means 4 greater variety to choose from, be- sides saying much confusion and disappoint- ment in the ultimate rush. There is the matter of packing. When left until the last min- ute, this has to be done hurriedly, and (with the severe weather usually prevailing at that time) is often done insufficiently. Give the florist a clear idea of what the plants are to be used for and where they will be placed. WHERE TO BUY Other things being equal, it is better to buy plants near one’s home than to travel afar. Do not be tempted even by cheap offers to go miles away, for, counting carfares, packing, expressage and lost time, the ultimate cost is very likely to be more than if you had paid a good deal higher price at home. Of course it may happen that one grower or florist has a large stock of some one thing and can sell at a low rate, but dealers usually have an un- derstanding with one another, especially regarding holiday prices, and for weeks be- fore the holiday season they have been balan- cing stock with each other, so that the better The best feathery white-flowered Christmas plant is Astilbe Japonica, sometimes called Spiraea Japonica in the stores. Plant out in the garden after cold weather has passed quality plants are of an almost fixed value. Any specially low price is nearly always asso- ciated with a correspondingly low grade in the plants offered. A byword among deal- ers in plants is: “If you have to shade your price, you can always shade your stock.” Plants differ from ordinary merchandise in the risk of damage during transit. They may be frozen or injured during delivery and still not show the effects for a day or two, perhaps not until after the bill has been paid. A reputable dealer always assumes the risk, and will replace the damaged specimens. WHAT TO BUY Don’t buy anything that has every flower expanded. If a few of the flowers are open, that is sufficient. Every bud will open in due course and the life of your plant’s beauty will be prolonged, and, moreover, a plant in bud will stand the necessary handling much better than one in full flower. A BEGONIA THAT IS ALWAYS IN FLOWER Perhaps the best flowering plant for Christ- mas is the Gloire de Lorraine begonia. I say this because the plant is always in flower— not a few blooms, but whole sheets of bright pink. It is an interesting plant because of the mystery of its cultural requirements dur- ing the growing season. When first intro- duced a few years ago many florists tried to grow the plant and gave it up in despair, but a few succeeded. When offered at the holi- day season it became at once the great favor- ite, and it is now a popular plant all over the country. The price has fallen considerably, and now well-grown, shapely plants of good size can be procured for $2.50. The lemon-scented verbena (Aloysia cttriodora) is worth having for the fragrant leaves. Its flowers, which are not worth considering, are produced out: doors in summertime 228 the daisy-like flowers for hall decoration. three times in the year and is one of the most satis- factory of all. New York HOLIDAYS A white variety of this, which is called Turnford Hall, is of more recent introduction, but it will never be so popular as the original. White is not a Christmas color, and it is largely the color that enhances the value of Gloire de Lorraine. It is a dark glistening pink and the flowers hang down in great clusters, covering the pot; so dense and profuse are the flowers that scarcely a bit of green can be seen when the plant is in full bloom. The dry atmosphere of the living room suits it well. When in flower a temperature of 55° is best, but ten degrees either more or less will do it no harm. I have known Gloire de Lorraine to retain its bloom in a house for three months. When in full vigor it requires an abundant supply of water, but don’t spray overhead, as that causes spots on both foliage and flowers. That is the one important thing to know about this plant. When flowering is over give less water,- but do not dry off entirely. Cut off all the: old flowering tips and keep the plants in a semi-resting condition. About May or June shake off part of the old soil and repot in a fresh mold, rich, but of light texture. Grow on in a warm place shaded from the direct rays of the sun. Water as in the case of any other plant, but still remember that overhead spraying will be injurious. By care and at- tention your begonia will blossom forth again next Christmas. THE ONLY REAL EVER-FLOWERING ROSE The delightful little ever-flowering rose, Madame Norbert Levavasseur, has been well named ‘‘The Baby Rambler,” for it is to be likened to nothing so much as the ubiquitous eS The Paris daisy, or Marguerite, is the best of all It flowers Inexpensive too! The cyclamen tlowers last longer than those of any other of the Christmas plants if Kept in a cool room. Can be grown in the window garden all the year Crimson Rambler of our summer gardens. It is of dwarf habit, and the flowers are borne in clusters. It is the only rose yet introduced that can honestly be called an ever-blooming rose. Plants grown in pots indoors have actually been in bloom for twelve months. Every young growth that the plants make throws a cluster of bloom at the point, and before that has quite faded other shoots develop in the leaf axils, and in turn produce flowers. This is carried on indefinitely. Like every other rose, it is likely to be attacked by the red spider, but this can be kept in subjection by occasional syringing. A sunny window, with a winter temperature The dwarf Jerusalem cherry has bright scarlet berries three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The plant will drop both leaves and fruit if the air of the room is not pure THE GARDEN MAGAZINE of 55 to 65 degrees, will be found best for its well-being. This is the only rose that can be honestly called a “‘pot rose.” Of course other roses can be grown in pots, but they are so unsatis- factory that no one cares to trouble with them. The Baby Rambler seems to do better with pot culture indoors than else- where, and it is practically the only pot rose that can be had in flower for Christmas. When warm weather comes again they can be planted outdoors, and indeed are perfectly hardy if allowed to ripen naturally, but if planted outdoors in a green state, in freezing weather, they will be killed. A few plants of this rose make a very pretty bed in the gar- den after they have been used indoors, but if it is desired to have them in flower again for another Christmas a slightly different procedure is necessary. In this case, if one does not want to keep them in the house all summer, plunge them in their pots—that is, put the pot and all in the ground. ‘Treated thus outdoors they require less attention, and they can be readily lifted again before freezing weather. Most roses seem to do best when allowed to freeze and rest for some time, but it does not seem necessary in this case, for the same results can be expected, whether rested or not. As this is a new plant, it is still somewhat expensive. Flowering plants for Christmas will cost from $1 to $2.50 each, according to size. THE MOST SHOWY CHRISTMAS PLANT As flowering plants, the season of useful- ness of the showy Indian azaleas is short, but few things give the same rich effect so long as they last, and if wanted only to brighten the home for the holidays few things will be found to give such good returns. There are only one or two early varieties that can be had in flower by Christmas. These are The Spotted laurel (Aucuba Japonica) with its large, deep-red berries is the joy of English and Southern Must be grown indoors in the North for Staminate and pistillate plants are separate gardens. winter. 1905 DECEMBER, Rhododendrons are not so easily flowered for Christmas as azaleas (see page 209), nor are they so brightly colored. Better Keep them as outdoor plants in shady borders Apollo (orange scarlet), Deutsche Perle (white), Simon Mardner (bright rose), and Vervaeneana (white, with salmon and car- mine markings), a most beautiful variety. These plants are expensive when bought in a flower store at the holiday time. A plant of azalea in full bloom that will cost $2.50 at Christmas time can be bought a month earlier for half that price, and the careful purchaser will take advantage of this fact. If the right variety be procured, no trouble will be ex- perienced in having it in flower at the right time. The buds for Christmas flowering are ready long before, and can be held in check in the house for say one or two weeks, accord- ing as the plants are kept in a warm or cool The great merit of the spear flower (Ardrsia crenulata) is that the berries remain fresh for twelve months. The seeds germinate easily, but the plant grows very slowly. Place outdoors all summer THREE RED-BERRIED PLANTS FOR HOLIDAY CHEER DECEMBER, 1905 Start a few bulbs of the Chinese sacred lily (Nar- cissus Tazetta). They will make welcome presents in this stage, and the attention until they flower will be a constant reminder of the giver place. There is no need to pay the higher price. Get one of the varieties named aboye and no trouble will be experienced. After flowering keep the plants from freezing, and when the weather gets warmer, say about May 2oth, plant them outdoors. Water well all summer, and syringe regularly ior red spider, etc. In the fall, before frost, lift and repot for next Chrismas flowering. CALLA LILIES AN ENTIRE SEASON Though the flowers may be stiff and the foliage coarse, compared with begonias, azaleas, etc., yet the African calla (Richardia Africana) is nevertheless one of the most use- ful of house plants. It grows by means of creeping underground veins, called rhizomes (not bulbs), which can be bought for very little (fifteen to twenty-five cents each). They start readily when potted up in an ordinary soil and placed in a window. Two or three rhizomes in one pot (say a six-inch pot) give the best results, and, when once established and kept growing on, they will bloom at inter- vals throughout the whole season. Their bright green leaves enliven a dwelling house at all times, and in many ways they are prefer- able to palms. Besides the well-known white calla, there are several others worth a place. The dwarf- habited R. Africana, var. nana compacta, the little gem of the trade, resembles the larger growing type in every detail except in habit and growth. It is much smaller and more compact. This is perhaps the best of all the callas for house work. Richardia Elliottiana and R. Pentlandii have yellow flowers and are more expensive than the others. The former has a white spotted leaf and is the better known, but Pentlandii has a deeper, richer color. The common spotted calla (R. albo- maculata) is rather curious than beautiful. There are sufficient of these to make a very interesting collection, and if one window of the house were devoted to them exclusively THE GARDEN MAGAZINE there would always be some flower in it, from one or another of the species. Callas are naturally bog plants, and require abundance of water at all times. In sum- mer, when evaporation is great, the saucers in which they stand may be kept always full, but in winter this is not necessary. In fact, during the dull days the more air that can circulate through the soil the better. Nearly every person you meet has his own peculiar way of treating these plants after they have done their winter service, which only goes to show that callas are among the easiest of all house plants to manage. I have given most of the ways a fair trial, and have not found enough difference to warrant the exclusive recommendation of any. If the calla is wanted for a house plant the whole year through, all you have to do is to “keep it growing,” only repot in fresh soil and a larger pot in August or September. If Mint on Christmas day. It is as easy to grow as parsley, so why be satisfied with the dried stuff ? Have something out of the ordinary rut! you have to leave your plants to the tender mercies of someone else during the summer months you can knock them out of their pots and plant them out in the garden, when they will take care of themselves and be ready for lifting and potting again in August or Sep- tember for winter blooming. Even if you have no garden you can keep them over the summer. Lay the pots on their sides in a shady place for a few months. The soil will become quite dry, but the rhi- zomes will not suffer. In the fall, shake off the old soil and repot in fresh mold, just as you would in the case of newly purchased roots or bulbs. A DAISY THAT FLOWERS THREE TIMES A YEAR For sheets of white or pale yellow bloom at a cheap price, the Marguerite or Paris Daisy (Chrysanthemum fritescens) is unequalled. It can be had in good plants at Christmas time, from seventy cents up. There are several varieties in both colors. The best of the newer ones are Coronation and Queen Alexandra. Coronation is better than the 225 old Paris Daisy, because its flowers are more dazzlingly white and are produced in greater profusion. The Queen Alexandra variety is anemone flowered; that is, the white ray petals of the outer whorl are as in the ordinary form, but the centre (or disc) consists of a cluster of tubular florets, which are also white. They form a rounded cushion, about which the ray or outer petals set as a frill. It resembles the anemone-flowered chrysanthe- mum in every particular. The Marguerites remain in bloom for several months at a time, and flower two or three times during the year. If kept in a cold room during winter (a temperature of 55° suits them best) they will positively thrive. When summer comes plant them outdoors and they will give abundance of bloom to cut from. They propagate as readily as ger- aniums. Cuttings taken from the old plants in July or August will make good flowering plants for the following winter. They are not subject to diseases of any kind, and are practically immune from insect attacks. A SHORT-LIVED BUT EFFECTIVE FLOWERING PLANT The best gorgeous yellow plant is the genista (Cytisus racemosus and C. Canarien- sis), but its great drawback is that the flowers do not last long, and unless wanted for a special occasion they do not make satisfactory house plants. While they are in flower, how- ever, they are beautiful, being one mass of small yellow pea-like flowers. After treat- ment is the same as recommended for azaleas. Poinsettias, crotons, and dracaenas also belong to the unsatisfactory class. They are very beautiful while they last, but the tem- perature and atmosphere of the ordinary living room do not suit their requirements. The most aristocratic looKing of all the bulbs, Hippeastrum aulicum, or aimaryllis of the florists, flowers best when grown in pots. The bulbs should be started into growth after the first of January ii 226 They soon lose their leaves, and are then eyesores rather than things of beauty. BULBS THAT BLOOM THE WINTER THROUGH There are very few bulbous plants that can be had in flower in the ordinary dwelling at Christmas. Lots of them can be found at the florists’, but they have been unduly forced, and will last only a few days when taken out of the warm, humid atmosphere of the green- house. There are a few exceptions, how- ever. Roman hyacinths, paper-white nar- cissus and Chinese sacred lily, if potted up early, will come into bloom by Christmas under normal conditions. These bulbs can be purchased at two, three and four cents each, and make a very fine display if planted four or six in a 6-inch pot. It is really quite easy to manage these bulbs; if potted in Sep- tember and placed in an ordinary cellar, beyond the reach of frost and away from the drying heat of the furnace, covered over with any moisture-retaining substance, such as leaves, moss or litter, until such time as the pots are well filled with roots, and then brought into light and warmth, they will give a wealth of bloom the whole winter through. The season of flowering is regulated by the time of the removal from the dark, cool cellar into light and warmth. Tulips and Dutch hyacinths can be treated the same way, but it is almost impossible to get them into flower before February or March, and if you do get them the result is never really satisfactory. The Chinese sacred lily is nearly always grown in glass dishes, with water and pebbles as a medium to root in. But it can be grown just as successfully in soil. On the other hand, the paper-white polyanthus narcissus, that is usually grown in soil, can be grown just as successfully in stones and water. Hyacinths for succession can be grown in the same way, only they are so top heavy when in flower that in such a dish it is hard to find a means of support. Growing bulbs in ES iiie. i Something different from the ordinary every-day palms and more graceful. Why not try a novelty once in a while? (Kentia Sanderiana) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Three gay foliage plants that will relieve the plain and simple greens. From left to right they are, croton (Codiaeum), yellow and green; dracaena, red; and screw pine (Pandanus), green and white. Crotons and dracaenas come in many varieties water is simplicity itself. Fill up any old dish with stones and gravel and a few pieces of charcoal, and then fill in with water to within a quarter of an inch of the top. Place your bulbs in the gravel—not on it—with several big pieces of stone between them to keep them in place. If the base of the bulb touches the water it is liable to decay, there- fore have them just deep enough to be firm, and as near as possible without touching. Put in a dark place until well rooted, but after the tops begin to grow give them light. They can always be retarded in a cool place, but if kept too long in the dark they will become drawn and pale and never regain their natural strength. Flowering plants of any description want more or less sunlight at all times. This is not always possible in a dwelling house. There are shady windows and odd corners in every home, and usually these are the places that are most in need of something growing to brighten them. For such situations some of the foliage plants must be used, and fortu- nately there is an abundance of good things to choose from. Few people seem to know that the shield flower (As pidistra lurida) and its golden striped variety (A. lurida, var. variegata) are unquestionably the hardiest of all such plants. There is nothing in cul- tivation to-day that will stand such hard usage and survive in such untoward environ- ment. As these plants are propagated only by division, and growth is slow, they are expensive, and that may account for their comparative neglect. They are usually sold at so much a leaf, fifteen cents per leaf being a fair price. It takes a good many leaves, however, to make a handsome plant, and anything that costs less than $2.50 is hardly worth having. The variegated form is just a trifle more expensive than the green type. Next in hardiness to the aspidistra is the new fiddle-leaved rubber (Ficus pandurata). A bold-growing plant, with leaves larger than those of the common plant and darker green, this newcomer is even hardier than the old- time rubber, but good plants are worth $15. The ground rattan palm (Rhapis) must be considered where the chief object in view DECEMBER, 1905 is the ability to stand ill-usage. None of these plants are graceful, but they are recom- mended for their toughness. Of the very graceful palms, the best are the Howeas or, as they are commonly called by the florists, Kentias, which will withstand any ordinary usage. They are suitable for the drawing room or dining room, but should not be kept in too dark a corner. The prices of these vary greatly, according to the size, ranging from seventy-five cents to as many dollars, or even more, for exceptionally large plants. These large ones cost more because they are very slow growing. As house plants, where they can get light they are quite satis- factory and will grow for years. There are two species commonly in the trade—the curly palm (H. Belmoreana), the more erect grow- ing, and the thatch palm (4. Forsteriana), with flat or spreading leaves. All these plants, with their broad green leaves, get dusty very readily, and should be sponged off once a week with water contain- ing a very little Ivory soap. It does not injure the tissues. Just enough soap is needed to soften the water; by no means enough to color it. The lighter foliage effects of the screw pine are worth a place. I know of one (Pandanus Veitchii) that was raised in a dwelling house from a small side shoot five years ago and has been kept there ever since. It is now a beautiful specimen, as good as will be found in most greenhouses. ‘These pines are easy enough to keep over winter if watered very sparingly, otherwise the roots will rot. Take care also that no water gets into the centre of the plant, because if this happens the centre or growing tip will rot. The Norfolk Island pine (Avraucaria ex- celsa) is a house plant of considerable merit and charms because of its rigid formality—a little fir tree quite distinct from anything else among the house plants. There are but few ferns that can be relied upon to give satisfaction ina home. Unques- | | } | | The charm of the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria excelsa) is its formal habit. One of the besf all-round house plants, growing well in the window all the year aseuew 0} Aseo AJOA SI J! SNYy} UMOIZ UDYM ‘SBUTSHYD }xXou ulese JOMOTS [JIM JL pue “Wintuesod e@ oyl] BUIJo}eM ‘ooR/d popeys ‘wWseM e UI MOdJd puke jJOd-ot ABP Uy “JOIWM SS9T OAIZ puke yorq Jno SulsaMoTy sayy “HW Aesds JaAoU jNq ‘Jo}yeM Jo Ajyuejd pue woos wseMm AjayeJopour e@ jt AAI ‘yueTd Jo odA} Mou AjasjUe Ue SeM JI BSNed0q }I MOJ2 0} pole} S}Sisoyy oy} [Je Ajseou Oe sueaA May B PpaonNposjUL UdYA ‘“SOABOT OY} OPIY Ajayatdwoo Ady} Jey} UOIsnjosd snolinxny yons YIM poonpoid ase pue yuld yYysIIq o1e SIOMOTS OY] tionably the best, from all standpoints, is the Boston fern and its now numerous varieties. They will succeed well in a room that is com- fortably warm, but prefer a temperature of 60°. They like full sunlight in winter, though they will stand in a very shady corner for a time. They should not, however, be left there long, or the leaves will turn yellow and drop. If you have several plants, keep changing them around from place to place, so that none will suffer unduly. You can give the baby a drink at regular intervals, but the weather, atmosphere and temperature of a room vary so much that no such rule can be applied to watering house plants. The different families of plants also vary, some requiring a drier and some a wetter soil than others. On general prin- ciples, when you strike the pot sharply with your thumb nail or some hard implement and the sound is sharp and clear, the plant needs water; if dull, it is wet enough. Again, take some of the earth from the pot and squeeze it between your finger and thumb; if it feels soft and spongy or adheres in a mass, it needs no water; but if it falls apart, give a good watering. Mark, when “a good watering” THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is spoken of, I do not mean two tablespoon- fuls, but as much as a teacupful to a 6-inch pot, and more or less, according to the size of the pot. The keeping of house plants in saucers is necessary for cleanliness, but as soon as the water has soaked through the saucer should be emptied. The hole in the bottom of the pot is not there for drainage only; it is meant also for an air passage. It is well to raise the bottom of the pot a little above the bottom of the saucer, by standing it on a few pieces of broken pot or other material. Notes of warning are often heard about the bad effects which accrue from having plants in our living rooms. Such talk is exagger- ated. It may not be advisable to have a lot of plants in a sleeping room, however, as assimilation stops when the sun goes down. The effect would be the same as if a num- ber of people were to sleep in one room. All plants that have their pots full of roots and are in a healthy condition are benefited by feeding. But a healthy condition is neces- sary. No sickly plant can survive on a strong diet any more than can a dyspeptic, but this sickly condition of plants is often brought The only gorgeous yellow-flowered shrub that is in flower at Christmas is the genista (Cytisus). Its bloom does not last long, however, and it should be bought only for some special purpose. Of the two species commonly grown by florists, C, Canariensis has shorter racemes of flowers than C. racemosus DECEMBER, 1905 Primula obconica will flower nearly all the year, but its lilac flowers are small. The foliage poisons some people, which has lessened its popularity about by lack of nourishment, and feeding is then necessary. Chemical fertilizers will enable you to have smaller pots than would otherwise be necessary, and for house plants large pots are especially cumbersome. Plants fed regularly with chemical manure can be kept healthy in a pot one-half the size that would otherwise be needed. The feeding of plants in pots must always be done very carefully, and at the proper time. Don’t give doses of food when the plants are just past their periods of most active growth. In flowering plants the greatest amount of the plant’s work is done by the time the buds are fully developed, therefore stop feeding. Fertilizers then would only hasten the end of the blooming season and shorten its dura- tion by days, or even weeks. Once the plant is in flower give only the necessary water, but just as soon as the blooms drop feed again and assist the plant into healthy, vigorous growth. This will improve your next crop of flowers. In the case of palms and foliage this contingency does not arise. As soon as the pots are full of roots the plants will be benefited by feeding constantly. A very clean, cheap and convenient fer- tilizer for house plants is ordinary “house- hold” ammonia. Commence with five or six drops of ammonia to a cupful of water, and as the plants get used to it increase the dose, but never let it exceed half a teaspoonful to a breakfast cup of water. A teaspoonful of the special plant fertilizer sprinkled on the top of a 6-inch pot—more or less, according to the size of the pot—is sufficient. Then water it in. One application every two weeks should be sufficient. Wash the leaves every now and then, for dust will gather in the cleanest of rooms. If red spider or thrips attack the foliage plants sponge with water anda very little soap. For aphis on flowering plants sprinkle slightly with tobacco powder. Do this upon the first appearance of evil; one ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. VAN. WALLAS SA RDENS hy TAL Some of the newer styles of garden books that are worthy specimens of the booKmaker’s art. What a change from the old régime Gardening Books for Christmas Presents—By Thomas McAdam MOST HORTICULTURAL WORKS A DISGRACE TO THE BOOKMAKER’S ART—THE FEW THAT HAVE A DISTINCT CHRISTMAS OR GIFT QUALITY; ATTRACTIVE COVERS, PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS, AND SOMETHING TO SAY EN years ago there were mighty few gardening books that were fit for Christmas presents. So far as subject matter went, there were plenty of sober, useful books, but as to form, they were hopelessly un- beautiful. Only nine years ago I took my brother (the practical member of the family, and cheerfully non-horticultural) to see a distin- guished professor’s library. Throwing open the door, I exclaimed with pride: “There’s the largest collection of American books on horticulture in existence!” “Humph!” he replied, after one sweeping glance, ““Not much to brag about either, ASielbrae I gasped. Of course, when I first came to study horticulture (at no early age), the farm and garden books struck me as a “‘hay- seed lot,” but in the years that followed I had learned to love them for their real merit. Disillusionment is good for us, but it isn’t always pleasant at the time. The truth is that there was scarcely a book in the whole collection that a gentleman would care to have in his parlor. They had the look of the barn about them—faded covers, cheap paper, small type, scanty margins and gruesome old woodcuts; they abounded in realistic portraits of hairy cater- pillars, apple scab, plum rot, and the like— all in heroic size—and no book was complete without a certain classical picture of the codlin moth’s offspring eating the heart out of an appie of iron texture. It used to fasci- nate me, like the picture of Cortes burning Peruvians at the stake. Biess that time-honored old apple-worm picture! Originally “borrowed” from a Government report some thirty years ago, it still bobs up in new books on horticulture, for nine-tenths of them are just as ‘‘jay”’ as they ever were. But the other tenth—ah, what a goodly change! Of course the half-tone pictures have made a world of difference, but I be- lieve the “gardening novels” had a good deal to do with it. ‘Elizabeth and Her German Garden” set the fashion, and started a host of feeble imitators. It is still worth having although it doesn’t ring quite true, and of course there is nothing about gardening in it. The ‘Garden of a Commuter’s Wife” is infinitely better. It has a real message for Americans, and the gardening element is actually visible to the naked eye. (I wish some one would give it to me this Christmas. I’ve given away all the copies of it I can afford. I love that book.) The point about such books as ‘‘Elizabeth” and ‘‘The Commuter’s Wife’ is that they help to create a race of gardeners. Also, they make possible such books as Mrs. Ely’s “A Woman’s Hardy Garden’’—a type long familiar in England, but not here, viz., a book of personal experience by a skilled amateur which is practical, illustrated from photographs, and attractive enough for a Christmas present. TWO MEN OF GENIUS There were a lot of mighty good books on gardening in the eighteenth century, but I shall not mention them, because they belong to the pre-scientific era and because you have to pick them up in antique book stores. The 229 first American horticulturist of real genius. was Andrew Jackson Downing, whose un- timely death will always be a sorrow. He gave the first great impulse toward beautiful country homes in America, and his “Fruits and Fruit Trees of America,” as revised by his brother Charles, is still the monumental work on varieties, though of course the cultural information is out of date. After Downing came the Middle Ages. Every time I see the shoddy books of that period on my shelves I wince. Nine-tenths of the world’s gardening books are merely parasites; they simply follow a popular interest already existent. But Downing really moved the whole nation. And another great creative force was old Peter Henderson —bless his heart! His ‘Gardening for Profit” undoubtedly molded thousands of lives. It induced hundreds of returning soldiers to go into market gardening after the Civil War. Many a success can be traced to the hope, hustle and rugged horse- sense in that grim old book. I thrill over it to-day. A quarter of a million copies of it have been sold—a record which is probably unparalleled. Iam surprised to learn, too, that Hender- son’s ‘‘Gardening for Pleasure” exercised a similar influence upon amateurs; that the book is as stable a seller to-day as English consols, and that, too, wholly independent of the efforts of the seed-firm founded by the author. This curious fact is eloquent of the conservatism of the backwoods element, for the book has all the crudities of the wood-cut era. Nearly all of Peter Henderson’s contem- poraries who wrote on practical gardening 230 were as dull as death. It was the time of reaction against ‘‘book farming” and theories. The renaissance of American. garden litera- ture dates from the beginning of the “Rural Science Library” and the ‘“Gardencraft Series,’”’ edited by our second great horticul- tural genius—Professor L. H. Bailey. He is the most inspiring teacher of our time, and no books are meatier than his. He was the first to blend the three elements, the readable, the theatrical and the practical. His books are scientific, and they have in them the under- lying principles of the old-time “practical” books. The rule-of-thumb gardener never explained the reasons; he didn’t know. Professor Bailey’s books are primarily for the student. Most of them are text- books. You cannot get any better books on their respective subjects than his ‘Principles of Fruit Growing,” “Principles of Vegetable Gardening,” ‘Pruning Book,” “Nursery Book,” “Forcing Book” and “Plant Breed- ing.” But, of course, a text-book is not usually an exciting or appropriate Christmas present, and none of these books are attrac- tively illustrated from photographs. THE MOST SUMPTUOUS GARDEN BOOKS The first great world-impulse toward sumptuous photographic illustration of gar- den subjects was given by the English Country Life. ‘Gardens Old and New” and other books costing from $12 to $25 are to some degree by-products of this splendid magazine. ‘There are two volumes of ‘“Gar- dens Old and New” for $24, and two of “Gardens of Italy,” both of them quartos, illustrated from photographs. They are rather oppressively and monotonously grand. No one reads such books, but they are mag- nificent picture galleries, and make appro- priate gifts for wealthy persons, architects and landscape gardeners. The only notable American book of this character is ““American Estates and Gardens.” CREATING AN AMERICAN TYPE We have barely declared our horticultural independence of the Old World and are starting to create an American type of gar- dening literature. The American people want ‘about five things in a book on garden- ing: (1) It must be ‘attractively bound: (2) full of half-tone pictures; (3) readable, per- sonal, juicy; (4) suited to our climate; (5) practical, specific, taking nothing for granted. Such a book is “How to make a Vegetable Garden,” by Mrs. Fullerton. It throws tradition to the winds by telling how to cook the vegetables as well as how to grow them, has an excellent planting table which tells the whole story at a glance, and is full of American wit and humor. I have twenty-two books on vegetable gardening in my library, but I would give the whole shelf-ful for the three volumes I have dog-eared—the Fullerton book, Pro- fessor Bailey’s and Vilmorin’s. The last two are for the student. The first will make a gardener out of you against your will. Professor Fletcher’s articles in THE GARDEN MacaZIn_E clearly prove that he is that rara avis, a horticulturist who can write. The THE GARDEN MAGAZINE way he gets right at the important thing, and his rugged horse sense, are truly American. When his new book on amateur fruit growing comes out I mean to have it. THE MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL There without. is only one book I cannot live Bailey’s “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” is more useful to me than all the others in my library put together. It is a great advance over the best previous work of the kind—Nicholson’s ‘Dictionary of Gardening”—not merely because it has cultural directions adapted to our climate (which no Old World book has), but it is far more accurate and critical. The “key” feature alone proves that. Moreover, the articles are not anonymous; they are signed by experts. Of course, every gentleman who can afford it wants both Bailey and Nicholson, and I shall want the new edition of the ‘“‘Cyclopedia,”’ because of its Synopsis of the Vegetable Kingdom. The following are the best garden books I know that have a distinct Christmas or gift quality. All are in print now. I have ruled out text-books, books with unattrac- tive illustrations and works on commercial practice, e. g., market gardening. Most of these books I own; all of them I know. ABBREVIATIONS Instead of giving the names of the foreign publishers, I give the names of their American agents. All are in New York, unless otherwise specified. B.—Bates & Guild Co., Boston. C.—Century Publishing Co., D.—E. P. Dutton & Co. D.L.M.—A. T. De La Mare Co. D.P.—Doubleday, Page & Co. H.—Houghton, Mifflin & Co. H. B.—Harper & Brothers. F.—Orange Judd Co. K.—King, Hyde Park, Mass. L.—Longmans, Green & Co. L. H.—Libraire Horticole, 84-bis Rue de Grenelle, Paris. M.—Macmillan Company. Mu.—Munn & Co. S.—Charles Scribner’s Sons. Wi—J. Wiley & Sons. Wo—W. Wood & Co. I.—FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS It is important to know whether a gardening book is foreign or American, because foreign cultural directions do not apply. The following, however, are worth while for their pictures alone: BOOKS COSTING $10.00 TO $25.00 The best with colored plates Price Some English Gardens, Elgood (L.).............. $12.00 Orchids, the Royal Family, Miner (D. L. M.)...... 36.00 The best in black and white Formal Gardens in England and Scotland, Triggs (S.) 25.00 Gardens Old and New (S.). Two series, each...... 12.00 Dictionary of Gardening, Nicholson (K.).......... 30.00 BOOKS COSTING $3.00 To $8.50 The best in color Garden Colour, Waterfield (D.).................. 6.00 Répertoire de Couleurs (Best color chart) (L. H.).. 7.50 The best in black and white Century Book of Gardening, Cook (S.)..........4. 7.50 English Flower Garden, Robinson (S.)............ 6.00 Alpine Flowers, Robinson (8.).........-....++5- 4.00 Wild Garden, Robinson (S.).........--..---+--- 4.20 Wild Garden (Limited edtion) (S.).............. 8.50 Bamboo Garden, Mitford (M.).................--. 3.00 A Garden in Venice, Eden (S.)........--.-+--.++- 7.50 Wall and Water Gardens, Jekyll (S.).............. 3-75 Lilies for English Gardens, Jekyll (S.)............ 6/5 Roses for English Gardens, Jekyll (S.)............ 3-75 DECEMBER, 1905 PERIODICALS These may be ordered through Brentano or anyone who makes a specialty of subscriptions to foreign periodicals. Yearly Flora and Sylva (Best colored plates).............. $5.00 The Garden (Best half-tones).................... 3.00 Gardeners’ Chronicle (Best for news and botany).... 5.00 Revue Horticole (Best French).................. 5-50 Gartenflora (Best German) ...................00- 5.00 Country Life Illustrated (Largest pictures)........ 9.00 II.—AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS BOOKS COSTING $10.00 TO $25.00 Sundials and Roses of Yesterday, Earle, large paper CU) ig Ann EOP MEN BES mca oict a ooo $20.00 Old-Time Gardens, Earle, large paper (M.)........ 20.00 American Estates and Gardens, Ferree (Mu.)...... 10.00 BOOKS COSTING $3.00 To $7.50 The best in color Italian Villas and Their Gardens, Wharton (C.).... 6.00 Italian Gardens, Platt (H.B.).................. 5.00 The best in black and white Charles Eliot, Landscape Architect (H.)1 Vol...... 3-50 Or 2-Vols). oo casid De Rigs alae eee 4.00 American Gardens, Lowell (B.)..............+5 7-50 American Carnations, Ward (D. L. M.)............ 3-50 BOOKS COSTING $1.00 TO $2.50 Gardening fiction Garden of a Commuter’s Wife (M.)........+...-. 1.50 Elizabeth and Her German Garden (M.).......... 1.75 Historical and Literary Sundials and Roses of Yesterday, Earle(M.)........ 2.50 Old-Time Gardens, Earle (M.)...............+-. 2.50 An Island Garden, Thaxter (H.)................ 1.25 Practical A Woman’s Hardy Garden, Ely (M.).............. 1.75 How to Make a Vegetable Garden, Fullerton (D. P.) 2.00 Mary’s Garden, Duncan (Best Juvenile) (C.)...... 1.25 How to Make a Flower Garden (D. P.)............ 1.60 A Plea for Hardy Plants, Elliott (D. P.)............ 1.60 Roses and How to Grow Them (D. P.)............ 1.00 BOOKS INDISPENSABLE TO THE STUDENT The following are not primarily gift books. They are less attractive than the preceding, but they are standard works of reference every student wants to own: Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing (Wi.).. 5.00 American Fruit Culturist, Thomas (Wo.).......... 2.50 The Fruit Garden, Barry (F.).......-.-.--2-2-0:+ 1.50 Principles of Fruit Growing, Bailey (M.).......... 1.00 Nut Culturist, Fuller (F.).....¢.......-+202+e00es 1.50 Principles of Vegetable Gardening, Bailey (M.).... 1.25 The Vegetable Garden, Vilmorin (D.)............ 5.00 Gardening for Pleasure, Henderson (7.).......... 1.50 Horticulturists’ Rule Book, Bailey (M.)............ 75 Garden Making, Bailey, (M.).............2--005- 1.00 Greenhouse Construction, Taft (F.).............. 1.50 Greenhouse Management, Taft (7.).............. 1.50 Plant Breeding, Bailey(M.)...........-.0200000ee 1.00 December in California Gardens Sow hardy vegetables, e. g., beets, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, horseradish, onions, parsley, peas, rhubarb. Sow lettuce, radishes and spinach every month in the year. Plant the following bulbs: Tulips, hya- cinths, anemones, Ranunculus, Sparaxis, and the four lilies that must be planted early, viz., auratum, candidum, Harrisii and longi- florum. Propagate carnations from cuttings. Continue planting all hardy plants and trees, also roses of all kinds. Keep rose-bushes well watered and _fer- tilized, and experiment by disbudding for fewer but finer flowers. Rub out in the bud any inside growths rather than prune out next season. Take up and store in dry, cool place dahlia and caladium roots and all bulbous plants that have finished blooming. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 231 FFORDS the security of a fire-proof modern safe with- out its forbidding unsightly appearance. 4@ Desk, buffet, book- case, sewing table, flower stand, etc., each one perfectly practical for its par- ticular use, but at the same time provid- ing absolute protection for your valuables against fire or thieves. $60.00 and upwards. Write for Catalogue J, with photos of the various pieces and full descriptions. Address “‘ Safecraft’’ Department 400, Broadway. Furniture designed and hand made by Safes made by Gustav Stickley, sips Sau NOX Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Co., 29 West 34th St., New York 400 Broadway, New York OAK WRITING DESK Weight 452 Ibs HOME STUDY COURSES VERYONE interested in farming or gardening, everyone who owns or who expects to own a suburban or a country home, should know about The Home Study Courses in Agri- culture, Horticulture, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture, which we offer under] Prof. Wm. P. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural College and Prof. John Craig of Cornell University. There is money and pleasure, too, in farming and gardening, in the growing of fruit and of flowers, for those who understand the ways how and the reasons why of modern agriculture. | A knowledge of landscape gardening and flori- culture is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who is interested in these matters is invited to send for a free copy of our eighty-page catalogue and full information in regard to our home study courses. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL WM. P. BROOKS JOHN CRAIG Professor of Agriculture in the Massachusetts Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University Dept. 8, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Agricultural College 232 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 Galax All the Year Around l AST year we adopted the suggestion of 4 Country Life in America, and put a few galax leaves in every package along with the usual sprig of holly. Although a hundred million galax leaves are said to be sold by the florists every year, most of our friends had never seen them, and all were de- lighted with their dark, rich, glossy green and bronze, their wonderful waxy texture, heart-shaped outline and exquisite venation. Most people allow galax to shrivel in a fortnight or so by treating it like holly or _ mistletoe, i. e., leaving it in a warm living : room without water. But a teacher to whom KE, EN KUT TE, R we gave some galax astonished us later by returning some of the leaves in perfect con- _ dition the following April. We asked for an explanation, and she de- TOOL CA BINEF cs ae she had simply kept them in a vase Just for curiosity I kept them two months To Drive a Nail or Saw a Plank —to do any of the thousand and one little things that need Wiis doing about every home, tools are necessary. The best way to have tools is ina cabinet, Where you can find them when they are needed. A cabinet of good tools pays for itself in a very short time and is asourc? of never failing satisfaction and pleasure. The is the cabinet you should get because every tool is guaranteed to be a perfect tool and to give complete satisfaction. It is possible for the makers of the Keen Kutter Cabinet to longer. The children who were too young make this guarantee because every tool is a Keen Kutter, bears the Keen Kutter trade for drawing lessons amused themselves by mark, and is made under the Keen Kutter motto— “The Recollection of Quality Remains | : 2 2 4 Long After the Price is Forgotten.’ The mark and motto that for 36 years has identified a tracing on paper with a pencil the beautiful tool as standard and which covers a complete line of tools. outlines of the galax leaves. Once a week, The Keen Kutter Cabinet is the only cabinet in which all the tools are strictly high : if I thought of it, I changed the water, and in yrade, everyone being guaranteed by the same trade mark. z : r . : The Keen Kutter line of tools was awarded the Grand Prize at the World’s Fair, St. j June, when our friend went to California, SUS Louis, Mo. No other line of tools can show a Similar reward. put some of these same leaves into a trifling Keen Kutter Tool Cabinets and Keen Kutter Tools are for sale by all first-class dealers, box of edibles that was intended to beguile her It will pay you to write for a copy of our handsome book on Keen Kutter Tools. It’s a book journey. Six months after Christmas and every user of tools will find useful as a permanent reference, We will mail you a copy free, still in perfect condition! SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY Although this simple story has never failed St. Louis, Mo. 298 Broadway, New York City to astonish everyone who has heard it, there is really nothing very wonderful about it, and I dare say, if one took the trouble to clip the stems a little every fortnight and put a bit of charcoal and a drop of ammonia into the water at the same time, every leaf would maintain its beauty from one Christmas to another. Another thing—galax lends a charming touch, when used with fruit for a table decora- tion, at the Christmas dinner. After dinner put them in the refrigerator, and you can use them for New Year’s and later. In fact the florists now keep galax leaves in cold storage for use every day in the year. New Jersey. W. M. E. Don’t Burn Your Autumn Leaves Vor might as well take money out of your pocket and drop it in the river as to give away your autumn leaves. Even if you burn them on the vegetable garden you will get only a fraction of their fertilizing value. Nothing is more quickly soluble. The heavy first rain may wash off a dollar’s worth of plant food. If the ground is frozen the potash will not sink into the For L iq u or an d ground—it will be carried away on the sur- face, to your neighbor. D ( 4 But even if you burn the leaves in the rug Sing wisest fashion you throw away the most important thing of all—its value as humus. pe eceumlis pemeey awh has ae What most gardens need the worst—more skilfully and successfully administered by ite is medical specialists for the past 25 years than plant food—is leaf mold ee other well decomposed vegetable matter which does two AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES: things: (1) loosens the soil, so that the air can rains, He get in and make the roots grow apace, and Birmingham, Ala. Washington, D. ©., Des Moines, Ia Buffalo, N. Y. z a pats hee Hot Springs, Ark. 211 N. Capitol st. Lexington, Mass. White Plains, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa., (2) makes things comfortable for the nitrifying Portland, Me. Columbus, ©., 4246 Fifth Ave. San Francisco, Cal., Dwight, Il. s itrifv- 1190 Market St. | Marion, Ind. SE rae Philadelphita, Pay. Ave Providence ths: bacteria and uncomfortable for the denitrify N iNe West Haven, Conn. Plainfield. Ind. North Conway. N. H. 812 Broad St. Salt Lake City, Utah ing fellows. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 233 Special Clocks for Country Houses THE WILLARD THIRTY-DAY Time, Spring Movement Fully Guaranteed Mahogany with Cast Gilt Trimmings | HIS clock was | designed and | made by Edw. K. | Willard, a_ skilled clock-maker of Lon- don, England, in 1S0r. Its beauty and practical worth at- tracted the attention of an American clock manufacturer named ton, who was in Lon- don at the time, and, seculing the patent rights for thie Wisneintuexd States, he introduced the Willard to the Amer- ican trade in 1812. We arenow man- ufacturing this clock in limited num- bers for spe- cial trade. jeweler, this clock will be sent care- fully packed —no charge for packing—direct from our factory on receipt of ~~ PRICE, $29.00 Be sure you get a THIRTY-DAY movement Height, 44% in. Width, 12% in. 8-inch Silver Finished Dial We have some especially attractive new Mantel Mission clocks, of which we will send illustrations and prices on application THE NEW HAVEN CLOCK CO. Dept. L, NEW HAVEN, CONN. Sole Manufacturers TATTOO Intermittent Alarm ’ FRANK NORRIS’S BOOKS The Responsibilities of the Novelist. Net, $1.25. Postage, 12 cents A Deal in Wheat. $1.50 plghen bitte sinaso The Octopus. $1.50 A Man’s Woman. $1.50 McTeague. $1.50 Blix. $1.25 Moran of the Lady Letty. $1.00 Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY George Worthing: | If not obtain- | able from | your local | | | | A KS fi42 — Portland, Oregon. 1905 The highest award within the power of the jury to confer, THE GOLD MEDAL of the Lewis & Clark Exposition, Portland, Oregon, has been given to Mellin’s Food in recognition of its great value to humanity. Mellin’s Food has always received the highest award wherever exhibited for awards. At St. Louis, 19O4, Mellin’s Food was the ONLY Infants’ Food to receive the highest award, which was THE GRAND PRIZE. MELLIN’S FOOD COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. $18 Couch, Bed, Wardrobe for $10 Handsome High-Grade Couch and Double Bed Complete with Spring, Mattress and Flounce; and Wardrobe Box. The mechanism is so simple that a child can operate it. Made of very best quality steel angles, attractively and urably enameled. Good dark gree m-top mattress, illed with fine carded wool. Rip Van Winkle Spring guaranteed twenty years. Cedar-stained pine box rolls out from beneath on casters. Closed, couch is 2 ft. 2 in. wide, 6 ft. 2 in, long; as bed 4 ft. 2 in. ation Send S10, money or N. Y. draft, and we will ship couch to you promptly. Bargain at y S18 but we make this low price to introduce samples of our goods in every community. METAL FURNITURE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Dept. G, 17 W. 42d St., New York Any article manufactured in our factory—Reclining Couch, Davenport, Bed Couch, Dropside Couch, Ironfold Bed, Mattresses—may be returned at our expense if not thoroughly satisfactory. We ship direct from factory to you. Send for our Literature and Prices. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ask your Dealer FOR THE FERRIS Hams and Bacon The Quality is There ! Crocus flowers unfolding. | water and in a hyacinth glass; Chinese lily, Th e Most -Peaceable Citizen Harrington & Richardson Arms Co., 373 Park Avenue, Worcester, Mass. DECEMBER, Bulbs Started in December ECEMBER is from one to three months late to plant bulbs for winter blooming, but some kinds will give satisfactory results even with so tardy a start. Several sorts have flowered for us, potted between the 12th and 18th of December. These were Roman hyacinths, in a dish of stones and Each corm sends up several blossoms, unlike many bulbous plants also in a dish of pebbles and water; crocus and four kinds of narcissus, Von Sion, the showiest of double yellows; poeticus, the popular single white with colored cup; Stella, a straw-colored medium trumpet sort, and the polyanthus (Grand Monarque), which was started in water. Date Bulb Variety Pee Bloomed Roman hyacinths Mixed * Dec. 18} Feb. 7 He Mixed f+ Dec. 18] Feb. 16 IRAE Grand Monarque {} Dec. 12 { March narcissus 3d week Chinese sacred lily} Single white * |Dec. 16] Jan. 13 Crocus Mixed § Dec. 16] Feb. 16 ekechn Catan Stella § Dec. 16] Mar. 19 narcissus Von Sion § Dec. 16] Mar. 17 Ornatus § Dec. 16| Feb. 21 Double narcissus Poeticus narcissus * Planted in stones and water, t Hyacinth glass, { Water, § Pottedin earth The Chinese lily was the first, blooming THE ONLY XMAS PRESENT ACCEPTABLE TO ALL, — OLD AND YOUNG. — LARGE ASSORTMENT OF FANCY BOXES AND BASKETS, SUITABLE FOR PRESENTS. 863 BROADWAY, bet. 17% 18. Sts. 508 FIFTH AVE. at 42. St. 20 OTHER RETAIL STORES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES. NEW YORK; 1905 } AN Stov: TRADE-MARK Is Guaranteed to go twice as far as paste or ee polishes. X-Ray : is the ORIGINAL Powdered Stove Polish. It gives a quick, brilliant lustre and Does Not Burn Off. Samsle Sent Uf you address Dept. 9. LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Agts., 78 Hudson St., New York Ask your dealer for it. about the middle of January. The flowers lasted for a week. ‘The first week of Febru- ary came the Roman hyacinths in stones and water, followed nine days later by the same sort in a hyacinth glass. On February 16th the first crocus opened, and they con- tinued to send up flowers for twelve days. The poeticus narcissus bloomed the third week in February. There was an interval of over three weeks before the later ones flowered. Von Sion, Stella and Grand Monarque bloomed about the middle of March. The soil used for potting was a third each of sand, leaf mold and good garden soil. When the Snow Flies and biting, frosty air roughens the skin, use Mennen’s—it keeps the skin just right, A positive relief for chapped hands, chafing and all skin troubles. Mennen’s face on every box —be sure that you getthe genuine, For sale everywhere or by mail, 25e. Semple free. 77 Mennen's Violet Talcum. GERHARD MENNEN CoO., Newark, N. J. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “YOU CANNOT - _ BEGIN TOO EARLY” “‘Voung Americans who do not wish to lose their hair before they are forty, must begin to look after their scalps before they are twenty.”’—New York Medical Record. PACKER’S TAR SOAP A Lather-Luxury for Shampooing. The systematic use of Packer’s Tar Soap is recommended by physicians everywhere in the treatment of dandruff and baldness. The Packer Mfg. Co., New York Willow, Reed and Rush By This is one of our latest de- signs in Reed, No. 702, price $12.50, and there are hun- dreds of others. Send for our book, “Fireside and Seaside.” Ask your dealer. SCHERRER - WILLIAMS CO. Cambridge, Mass. Rudyard Kipling’s Famous Books Tamia i = cereal Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents Kim. $1.50 The Day’s Work. $1.50 Stalky & Co. $1.50 The Brushwood Boy. $1.50 Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50 The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00 Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50 From Sea to Sea. Two volumes. $2.00 The Light That Failed. $1.50 Soldier Stories. $1.50 With Wolcott Balestier, The Naulahka. $1.50 Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. $1.50 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White. $1 50 Published and sent on receipt of price by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Artistic Furniture Drawn for Eastman Kodak Co., by Alonzo Kimball ODAKS on the tree; then Kodak pictures of the tree; pictures of the baby, of grandmother, of the Christmas house party—all help to keep green the Christmas memories. Kodaks, $5 to $108. EASTMAN Catalogs at the dealers or by mail Brownies, $1 to $9. KODAK CO. Rochester, N. Y., The Kodak 1? =RICHARD - MARTFORD. conn: —— Garden Implements make gardening a pleasure ora profit. They double your capacity, especially in the early growing time when everything needs quickaction. Send for our book, ‘Iron Age,” describing Seed Drills, Wheel Hoes, Potato Planters, Hand Cultivators, eto BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box ©, Grenloch, N. J,’ IRONASE B= 6 to 8 times this size. 544x8 inches For Christmas Gifts THE PERRY PICTURES Awarded Four Gold Medals ONE CENT EACH? for 25 or more. 120 for $1.00. Send s0 cents for so Art Sub- jects, so Madonnas, etc., so for & Children, or 50 Life of Christ, etc., or 25 cents for any 25, or $1.00 for Christmas Set of 120 choice pictures, or four 25-cent sets and 20 pictures. Catalogue of 1,000 tiny pictures for 2-cent stamp in December. The Perry Pictures Co. Box 1460. Malden, Mass. 236 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE CHRISTMAS TIME iS ““STEVENS”’ TIME The Happiest Boy in the World. He has something which he can really use—not just an idle toy that soon will fall to pieces, but @ lasting joy and pleasure. With TEVEN FIRE ARMS he can help father save his crops from crows, his chickens from hawks, and his barn from rats. He may even surprise them in the kitchen with a rabbit or a partridge. RIFLES FOR BOYS: «Stevens-Maynard, Jr.’’ $3.00 ‘Crack Shot’? . . » 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.50 “Little Krag’ . . . ‘‘Favorite, No. 17’. . Single Barrel Shotgun, No. 105 Every one should see the «‘Stevens’’ Catalogue, a 140-page book. It gives full information about the famous ‘Stevens’ firearms. How to select them, how to test them and how to care for them; also important points regarding ammunition, sights, cleaners, targets, and everything pertaining toa gun. Send 4 cents to cover postage and we will send it /ree. Tell your dealer you want the “Stevens,” and if he cannot supply you, send your order direct to us. “Stevens” firearms are sent, express prepaid, on receipt of catalogue price. J. STEVENS ARMS AND TCOL CO., 420 High Street, Chicopee Falls, Mass., U.S.A. For spraying and watering plants indoors and out, the LENOX IMPROVED SPRAYER is one of the most service- able devices for house use. Unlike the old-fashioned rubber-bottle, which is clumsy and inefficient. PLANTS when housed generally suffer from lack of moisture, such as rain or the morning dew give them; fur- BG ae nace or stove heat affect them badly. THIS SPRAYER HELP THE PLANTS substitutes a misty shower that supplies the plant most naturally and completely, as absolutely necessary to real success with house plants. IT IS NOT A SPONGE—it is a rubber bulb of best quality rubber, having fine perfora- tions. By compressing the holder and dipping it into a bowl or dipper full of water, then by releasing, the bulb responds and immediately fills, ejecting a misty spray, reaching every section of the plant, under and over the leaves. AN OCCASIONAL SPRAYING—using a few drops of Common Household Ammonia in the water, or The force of the SPRAY is regulated by the pressure of the hand. Tobacco water, and particularly reaching the under side of the leaves, will surprise you; it prevents the insects from breeding, and collecting of aphis or dust is impossible; the plants will readily thrive and freely bloom. sell well for one dollar, but we find that through the mail we sell ten to one at fifty cents. So valuable is it, it would It is used effectively on all sorts of indoor plants and bulb blooming. Because most anyone loving plants wants one, THE PRICE MUST NECESSARILY BE LOW. Mother would likeone, she has so many plants! How much cts. Post- paid Sent complete, with a cake of tobacco soap free. Make asuds and spray. Your plants will surprise you. 5 THE LENOX MFG. CO., 1296 Broadway, New York | DECEMBER, 1905 First flower of the poet’s narcissus open. The blooming season lasted three weeks A little manure and about a sixth of the bulk of earth was added. The potted bulbs received a good watering and were set in a dark place for about six weeks. When they made a good root growth they were brought to the light. Those in stones and water were treated according to their nature; the Chinese lily was not kept in the dark more than a few A week’s development of narcissus days, as it makes an almost immediate start. The others were left until the growth of roots was vigorous enough to ensure an equally vigorous top growth. The potted bulbs required very little watering while making roots, especially the crocus, which molds easily if kept too wet. I.M.A. New York. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 237 sBhissisia “RIRE-CLOSET” 100° of Warmth by the modern substitute for out- ] Insulation Alone door closets and garbage cans. | Guaranteed odorless and sold |) on trial. Sanitary and inexpen- || Signet ie — : TI No Artificial Heat | Last February, when it was below zero out- side, this little sun-house showed an inside tem- perature of 100° F.in the shade. There was no artificial heat whatever, and this remarkable result was due wholly to the sun’s rays and the perfect insulation formed by the lining of L Cabot’s Sheathing ‘Quilt ”’ ; which prevented the heat from escaping. Quilt is a scientific sheathing, entirely unlike the common thin, dense felts and papers. It keeps the heat in and the cold out (or vice versa) exactly as a bird’s plumage does. The extra cost of lining a house with it is more than offset by the fuel saved in a single severe winter, to say nothing of doctors’ bills and comfort. It is cheaper, more rational and more healthful to build warm houses than to try to heat cold ones, and Quilt is sure to make a house warm. Send jor sample and full information. SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Manufacturer, 1 Oliver Street, BOSTON, MASS. Maker of Cabot’s Shingle Stains Agents at all Central Points. The Agricultural Experts Association GEORGE T. POWELL, President & ALDTLO | T 120 Broadway NEW YORK v7 XAMINATION of soils to determine condition and methods | for improvement. Laying out of country estates, including architect’s services, residences, greenhouses and other buildings. Building and landscape gardening. Problems relating to engineer- Let us send a booklet. ing and sanitation. Selection and purchase of blooded stock. Consultation on all land problems. Correspondence invited. My “Diamond” collection of the Gladioli is composed of the rarest and largest flowers of this variety of plant, including every color of the rainbow, and of the famous flower Gr noe ax || SciB6s JAPANESE LILIES " se has just arrived in splendid condition and we 648 Prudential Building, can fill orders for immediate delivery. Write part of the world. Buffalo, N. Y: for catalogue or see advertisement in October or | STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN November numbers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. Spocialistan\Gladioli ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, Pittsburg, Pa. | Proprietor Willow Bank Nurseries, Newark, Wayne County, New York Largest importers and growers of OrcHIDS in the United States LAGER & HURRELL known as “ Virginia.” Price, $5.00 per dozen, sent post-paid to any “Vou never miss the water, Though the well runs dry,” That is, if you are equipped with a proper form of supply. Such a source of water-supply must be independent of the wind or of dry weather, for the drier the season the more water you need. There is only one always reliable, abundant, and sure method of bringing water for all domestic purposes ; it is the Hot-Air Pump This pump is also far and away the cheapest way of getting water, because it soon pays for its first and only cost (that of operation being practically nil) in the time and labor it saves. PURE SHEEP MANURE] A rich natural fertilizer, immediate and lasting in its effect. q Unequalled for mixing with the soil for GREENHOUSE AND INDOOR PLANTS Try it on your late garden crops. Especially good in the vegetable garden, promoting a steady rapid growth. 10 Ibs., 35e. 50 Ibs., $1.00 100 ibs., $1.50 Per Ton, $25.00 CAIRNSMUIR FARM = = New City, N. Y. BO secure the biggest crops of corn, | fertilizers must be used liberally. Apply at least 500 pounds to the acre—with 3% per cent. nitrogen, 8 per cent. available phosphoric acid and 9 Will you write for Descriptive Cata- logue **U,’? free on application? Rider-Ericsson per cent. PorasH. PorasH is a most important factor in corn culture. Our practical books for farmers are yours for the asking—no cost or obligation of LE le A G | | Is mill Z wy | MI Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS, uate 93 Nassau Street, New York. Allie Larkin any sort, and a vast fund of invaluable infor- mation in them. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 Fruit and Ornamental Trees} oN . Evergreens \ Shade Trees Flowering || saci ly © [ASO 8 eS Je alk io 6 and Vines in great variety | BIOTA AUREA NANA SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR 1LANDSCAPE GARDENING Half a century in the business is a guar- antee of high quality of our products SHIPMENTS SAFELY MADE TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD Catalog Free Established 1856. 460 Acres in Nurseries P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (Inc.) Fruitland Nurseries, - AUGUSTA, GA. | Blot out the Unsightly A few vines, trees or shrubs, properly selected and arranged, take off the hard angles, hide the obnoxious, and put the finishing touch on a new country home. If you need advice or suggestions in choosing the right material, our Landscape Dept. will explain the “reason why” and make sketches showing desired improvements and esti- mate of cost. WHY NOT TO-DAY. Write us particu- lars of improvements contemplated and one of our repre- sentatives will call. We believe that we can fulfil your requirements in every respect, and perhaps save you some money. Price list of ornamental evergreens, trees, shrubs and hardy plants free. Cottage Gardens Co., Queens, N. Y. eye Evergreen Hedge | and Spectmen Crees shown below were bought of us and cost less than $10 Six Million Evergreens and other trees in Nursery. If interested in fine Evergreens, write us. SPRUCE and PINE for re-foresting in any quantity. 30 years’ experience growing Evergreens. Evergreen Nursery Company STURGEON BAY, WIS. Camellias]|| : Peach Trees and the San José Scale AST spring we found that six young peach trees which were to bear their first full crop had, as we supposed, been | winter killed. We were too busy at the time to cut down the trees, and in due season a few blossoms and some leaves appeared. The spark of trees were in full leaf, ours were bare lize seemed so very feeble that we had decided to make away with them and plant others when One Who Knew happened along and said that, though the winter had been severe, the death of our trees could not be laid to the cold. He declared that the scaly, white appearance of the old limbs and the reddish brown spots on the new wood were nothing else than the dreaded San José scale, and his advice was to cut down the trees. As this coincided with our own ideas, the axe was raised, when One Who Didn’t Know begged to be allowed to experiment. All the formulas she had heard of were either evil smelling, expensive or required boiling; the latter operation with the large number of gallons usually recommended sounded too formidable, so she wrote to a noted entomologist asking for a formula that did not require that process. By the time the reply came and the mixture was made the blossoms had changed to tiny peaches and the trees looked worse than ever. Nothing daunted, the One Who Didn’t Know had every bit of affected wood cut out, which left nearly all of every tree on the ground, and armed with a pail of the mixture and a whitewash brush started in to apply it. “But,” exclaimed the One Who Knew, “a prush is absolutely useless; you must spray the trees.” Having no spray and having the brush, the One Who Didn’t Know reasoned out that, as the object was to cover each part of the tree with the mixture, that end could be reached with a brush as well as with a spray. The Hardest Test of a Water Tank is to leave it dry for part of each year. —aepee? a We have supplied | many Tanks ana Towers for water supply to Summer and Winter Resorts, where the tanks unfilled in the off seasons, yet each is ready for service when refilled. Let us send you testimonials to this fact W. E. CALDWELL CO., LOUISVILLE, KY. are 50 Bulbs for 50c. Our last and best bulb offer FOR POTS AND WINTER FLOWERING 3 Hyacinths, 3 Colors Hyacinths, White Roman Tulips, Single Scarlet Tulips, Double White Narcissus, Paper White Narcissus, Trumpet Major Oxalis, Buttercup Jonquils Campernelle Freesia Refracta Alba (Postage 20 cts. extra.) Two collections sent by express for one dollar bill. Illustrated catalogue with cultural direc- tions with every order. NNDWWhRW ee New Rose of Extraordinary Beauty ; “Frau Karl Druschki” Hardy Perpetual Flowering White Rose. Every- body should have it. We offer strong field-grown plants. For description of this and other novelties send for booklet mailed free. ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen Horticulturists Drawer C, Rochester, N. Y. Etc., have been the standard of excellence for over half a century. The best always cheapest. We have hundreds of carloads of Fruits and Ornamentals Forty acres of Hardy Roses; none better grown. 44 greenhouses of Palms, Ficus, Ferns, Roses, etc. Direct deal will insure you the best and save you money. Correspondence solicited. Valuable catalogue free. 52 years. 1,200 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO, Box 40, PAINESVILLE, OHIO Ellen Glasgow’s Books The Deliverance. $1.50. The Voice of the People. The Battleground. $1.50 The Freeman and Other Poems. Postage, 5 cents. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY $1.50 Net, $1.50. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 239 The closed carriage in its highest ey conception is a marvel of grace and P ; luxury. A mastery of its standards iv has always been the coveted goal of the 7 craft. These standards, as represented in the Studebaker Brougham, Extension Front Brougham, Demi-Coach and Opera Bus, proclaim the master builder. Their excelle ce defeats criticism and gratifies the apprecia- tion of the lover of fine carriages. Studebaker Automobiles We Will Shortly Announce 1906 MODELS IN Gasoline Touring Cars wasoling 1 ouring Lars and Electric Ca rriages Write for complete Catalogues. Pri mpl delivery assured on early orders. LUXURIOUS SLEIGHS Sleighing’s captivating pleasures are vividly suggested by the sleighs of Studebaker. The designers have taken full advantage of their opportunity. Dashing lines, deep, luxurious seats, brilliancy of finish alluringly bring to mind the exhilara- tion and delightful gliding motion of winter’s foremost pistime. At the Studebaker re- positories every modern type of single and double sleigh is shown in conjunction with harness, roves, foot-warmers and_ other accessories. Write for booklet about the Studebaker Funior” —the most acceptab.e Christmas gift for boys. Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co. SOUTH BEND, IND. New York City, Broadway and 7th Ave., at 48th St. Chicago, IIl., 378 t> 388 Wabasli Ave. Kansas City, Mo., 810 to 8r4 Walnut St. San Francisco, Cal., corner Market and roth Sts. Portland, Ore., 330 to 336 E. Morrison St. Denver, Col., corner 15th and lake St. Salt Lake City, Utah, 157 to 159 State St. Dallas, Texas, 317 to 319 Elm St. Studebaker Automobile Company SOUTH BEND, IND. Memter Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. Local Agencies Everywhere. Factory and Executive Offices: SO. BEND, IND. Agencies in all principal cities, Lambert’s Pure Culture Mushroom Spawn, Produced by new grafting process from selected and prolific specimens, thoroughly acclimatized, has never failed to run. Sold by Leading Seedsmen. Practical Instructions on ‘* Mushroom Culture’’ mailed free on application. MINNESOTA SPAWN CO., St. Paul. MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL BRIDGEMAN’S CATALOGUE OF HIGH GRADE BULBS and SEEDS POULTRY SUPPLIES Make more money out of your poultry. Get some of our various * Vigor’’ Foods to keep your chickens healthy and make hens lay. We also have Cyphers’ Incubators and Brooders and all other poultry helps. Our free Illustrated Ponltry Supply Book tells all about them. JOHNSON & STOKES, Dept. A8 217=219 Market Street = - PHILADELPHIA - that cheer The Flowers and awak- en sweet memories are the kind you want and the kind we offer. Our Hardy Ferns may be planted as long as the ground is open. SEND FOR Illustrated Catalogue free F ; Gillett’s Fern and Flower Catalogue, Southwick, Mass. WM. HENRY MAULE for Fall Sowing. Mailed Free 5 $ ret 1711 Fiibert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE, 37 East 9th St.. New York City. é : The Nature Club E take pleasure in announcing that the Nature Club movement is now well under way and bids fair to assume truly National proportions. Small circles are rapidly forming throughout the country, and many persons who prefer independent research are enrolling as members-at-large in the National organization. Club work is particularly suitable at this season, when out-door excursions are less enjoyable, and it is at this time, too, that the NATURE LIBRARY, which forms the basis of the Club’s work, is most truly valuable as a companion. Consider the delightful winter evenings that may be spent with these ten splendid books, reviewing the charming experiences of the season past and enjoying in anticipation the delights of the Spring to come. Nature Study Robs Winter of its Sadness Clothes the Bare Fields with Verdure and Fills the Naked Woods with Song The Nature Study Leaflets by Mrs. Comstock, issued monthly to members of the Nature Club, will be found efficient guides to the generous wealth of information contained in The Nature Library The coupon attached or a post card mentioning THe GarDEN Macazine will bring you full purticulars. a @ eee) a DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO NEW YORK THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Lily of the Valley for Chnist- mas F lowering Plant 12 bulbs in a 5-inch pot, place the pot in a light sunny window, and the bulbs will be in flower in about 4 weeks’ time. If a succession of bloom is wanted, plant as many pots or boxes as will be required and place them outside in a partly protected place, covering them with leaves, straw or any other material, so as to make it convenient to get at in case the ground is frozen too severely. Freezing the bulbs does not injure them, however. DECEMBER, 1905 In a few weeks the remaining limbs began to grow, and so did the little peaches. At the end of the season she gathered thirty as fine large peaches as ever graced a table. As soon as the leaves fell in the fall she applied the mixture again, after cutting out more of the wood that had been too badly affected to recover, and now, aside from their mutilated appearance, one would travel far to find more thrifty-looking trees than those that have replaced the poor, scaly specimens. Price: Bundle 25 bulbs, $1.00. Four bundles, 100 bulbs, $3.00 Delivered free anywhere in the United States How to Grow Narcissus Paper- White Grandiflora in Water A very unique, simple and novel way to grow this variety of Narcissus is to place six or eight bulbs in a shallow glass or china bowl with water. .Support the bulbs with pebbles or gravel as you would the Chinese Sacred Lily bulbs; place the bowl in a dark place until the roots have started, when you should bring them to the light. Keep the bowls ‘filled with water and the bulbs will take care of themselves. You will have a beautiful and luxuriant display of delightfully fragrant flowers in a short time—in fact within six weeks after planting if desired. The flowers are nearly two inches across, a dozen or more ina cluster, and are in no way inferior to those grown in garden soil. A number of bowls planted in succession of two weeks apart will give a beautiful display of flowers all winter. Price, 50 cents per dozen; $3.00°per hundred Delivered free anywhere in the United States STUMPP & WALTER CO,, SEEDSMEN 590 BARCLAY STREET NEW YORK sss“ HORICUMs«: TRADE MARK THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER For Fall or Spring Use_ We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them The following is the formula for the get under the rough bark. They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale mixture used: a plague like the plagues of Egypt. : ‘“|Horicum”’]is Simple, Strong, and Ready For Use 25 pounds of lime, : 20 pounds of flowers of sulphur, Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to 60 gallons of water. HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS | Slack the lime in ten gallons of hot water; Fichiilleen tadeen - NEW YORK | 2¢¢ sulphur while slacking is in progress, : stirring rapidly and constantly for one half hour; dilute to sixty gallons with cold water. The One Who Didn’t Know used but one- twentieth of this quantity (which cost her twenty-five cents for the lime and fifteen for the sulphur), and found it not only easy to handle but more than sufficient for her needs. The rest was splashed over the currant bushes, which chance had informed her were readily affected by the same pest. Grace L. WEEKS. The result of the lime-sulphur mixture. In the fall the trees were growing vigorously San Jose Scale ona Peare —_ Long Island. New Ideas for Christmas ATHER your bittersweet early, while the leaves are still on. Move Christmas ferns from the woods, if they are very plentiful, and make a small bed on the north side of your house, near the front. Don’t steal or harm your neighbor’s ever- Unlike most tender house plants, these Japanese dwarf trees are many years old, and have withstood greens. the variation of climate and the trials of indoor growing. Don’t rob Nature of laurel and magnolia, We have an assortment of these plants, such as pines, junipers, cedars, larch, also maples and other They take too long to grow. Saeed A DAINTY BIJOU GIFT FOR CHRISTMAS Do you know the five new important South- ern evergreens? If not, it’s high time you One Dollar will bring you, express charges prepaid, one of the larger specimens in China fancy : r wil g ) should. pot. (See picture.) Gee 450 cents, one of the smaller sized trees. (See picture.) JAPANESE DWARF PLANTS These beautiful and artistic MINIATURE trees, in finely colored and decorated Japanese CHINA POTS, are a most appropriate addition to the cheer of the home and window garden during the Christ- mas season, and during the whole year. Their quaintness pleases everybody who visits your home. Galax is the waxy, heart-shaped leaf with the exquisite venation, which comes in many sizes and in green or bronze. Put a leaf in every Christmas package. You can get a hundred by mail for about sixty cents. Our Interesting Catalogueis Ready. Send for Lt. H. H. BERGER & COMPANY, 47 Barclay St., New York DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 241 Old Pewter, Brass, Copper and Old Sheffield Plate By N. HUDSON MOORE With ro5 illustrations. Cloth, 8vo, $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.15. Home Furnishing; Prac- tical and Artistic By ALICE M. KELLOGG With 55 illustrations from pho- tographs. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net; postpaid, $1.65. Chats on English China By ARTHUR HAYDEN Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top. With colored frontispiece, more than 80 illustrations, and more than 150 old china marks. {$2.00 net; postpaid, $2.16. The Oriental Rug Book By MARY CHURCHILL RIPLEY Large 12mo, cloth, with 8 illus- trations in color and more than 100 in black and white. Zhe most complete and the most fully illus- trated book on the subject. WITH MANY NEW FEATURES. $3.00 net; postpaid, $3.20. Part I. Comprising the Lead- ing Principles and _ Practices connected with the Propaga- tion, Culture and Improvement of Fruits, Nuts, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants in the United States and Canada. 417 pages, 107 figures. Price, Cloth, $1.50, prepaid. The Orchard and Small Fruits The Indispensable and Authoritative Work | For the Home-Maker IDE YOU KNOW about that that fine Oriental rug; that bit of ola china that graces your sideboard; the old piece of glowing mahogany that is an heirloom in your family; the beautiful lace that was a part of your grandmother’s wedding gown; or the other things that make up the beauty and distinctiveness of the home ? PRECIATE the o/d@ things above the wew, but remain afraid to indulge your collector’s spirit lest something be foisted upon you that is not G¢ TuHese Books WerRE Mabe To HELP You. been prepared by experts with special reference to the needs of the amateur, and containa GREATER AMOUNT OF RELIABLE IN- FORMATION THAN ANY SIMILAR BOOKS, in simple language genuine? and at a reasonable price. Write to-day for further information, circulars and sample illustrations. Fruits and Fruit-trees of America. By A. J. Downing The Culture, Propagation, and Man- agement in the Garden and Orchard of Fruit-trees generally. Descriptions of all the Finest Varieties of Fruit, Native and Foreign, Cultivated in this Country. Second Revision and Correction, with large additions and supplements, by Charles Downing. Containing the names and synonyms of over 10,000 varieties. Svo, 1324 pages, over 400 figures. Cloth, $5.00. The American Horticultural Manual In Two Parts. By Professor J. L. Budd Part Il. Systematic Pomot- ocy. Containing Descriptions of the Leading Varieties of the Orchard Fruits, Grapes, Small Fruits, Subtropical Fruits, and the Nuts of the United States and Canada, together with those of special promise in local parts. 491 pages, over 100 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $1.50, prepaid. Send for catalogue and circulars of many of the best books in Agriculture Science. free on application JOHN WILEY & SONS, PUBLISHERS 43 and 45 EAST 19th STREET, NEW YORK The Old Furniture Book By N. HUDSON MOORE Large 12mo, cloth, with more than 100 illustrations, chiefly from photographs of rare pieces. {$2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. Chats on Old Furniture By ARTHUR HAYDEN Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, with more than 100 illustrations. $2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. The Old China Book By N. HUDSON MOORE Large 12mo, cloth, with more than 150 illustrations. {$2.00 net; postpaid, $2.18. Serving and Waiting By ELEANOR MARCHANT With 46 illustrations from photo- graphs. Cloth, 12mo, $1.20 net; postpaid, $1.35. The Lace Book By N. HUDSON MOORE A Practical Guide for all owners and lovers of lace. Quarto, cloth, beautifully decorated and printed, with more than roo full-page illus- trations, $5.00 net; postpaid, $5.30. G Do You Love anp Ap- They have THE STANDARD WORK The American Carnation How To Grow It HE CARNATION in America has fF reached a status and importance in the | florist’s industry possessed by no other flower of modern times, and a practical work on the subject of the cultivation of the plant has become an urgent necessity. This want is fully and completely met in the present volume, which furnishes the results of years of actual experience of the author, who is recognized as being among the foremost of carnationists in America. ““PROSPERITY”’ By C. W. WARD Contents: History and Development of the Carnation—The Carnation in America—-The Commercial Importance of the Carnation Industry—The American Carnation Society—Use of Carnations as a Decora- tive Flower—General Greenhouse Culture—Soils—Manure and Fertilizers—Propagation and Shipping of Young Stock—Treatment of Young Stock Preparatory to Planting Out—Field Culture—Lifting and Planting Carnations from the Field—Treatment after Benching—Picking, Packing and Shipping Carna- tion Flowers—Insects and Preventives—Diseases and Injuries—Packing and Shipping Field-grown Plants—Forcing Houses for Carnations—Bench Construction—Sub-irrigation—Heating Carnation Houses —Carnations for Summer Blooming—Bedding and Hardy Carnations—Carnations for Pot Culture—Rais- ing Carnations from Seed—Cross-breeding and Fertilizing—Varieties—Sports and Variations—The Ideal Carnation—Traits and Peculiarities—Various Classifications of the Carnation—List of Varieties for Different Localities—The Future of the Carnation—Its Commercial Aspect and Prices—Who shall engage in Carnation Growing—Does it Pay to Do Things W ell—Calendar of Operations—Carnations in California, Canada, in the West, the East, the South. The book is profusely illustrated by original engravings from life, made specially for this work, with four colored plates. Handsomely printed from large, clear type on fine enameled paper. Quarto, cloth. Price, $3.50. A. T. DE LA MARE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., Ltd. Offices: 2 to 8 Duane St., N. Y. Address P. 0. Box 1697, NEW YORK CITY 24 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 DOES NOT MATTER IN THE LEAST WISH TO KNOW ee ee | CONCERNING The latest developments in AGRICULTURE The most approved HORTICULTURAL METHODS The most recent laws for PROTECTION OF FORESTS The latest additions in other ways to SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE The latest creations in ART and ARCHITECTURE The most recent marvels in ENGINEERING WORK OR ANY OTHER of the many topics of vital interest continually being brought to your attention through the rapidly revolving kaleidoscope of current events the world over Oe will FIND JT ACCURATELY, CLEARLY, CONCISELY and COMPLETELY stated in the NEW INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA” “Tt is a pleasure to commend such a work.’’—CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS, Vice- President United States. “Nothing better of its kind in existence.” —New York Times. “Tt is a great work.”—Hon. S. M. Cuttom, United States Senator, Illinois. “ Absolutely up-to-date.’’—Cleveland Plazx Dealer. “Tn every case I have found just what I wanted.’”’—PrestpENT Harris, Amherst College. ““ A masterly example of editorial work.’-—Pres1pENT Harr, Union Theo- logical Seminary. “The arrangement (of subjects) is excellent.” —Pzttsburg Post. “A family reference book of the highest order.’’— AMELIA Barr, Authoress. : ; ACCURACY: “ Accuracy has been the first consideration. —Public Opinion CLEARNESS and CONCISENESS: “In clear- ness and conciseness of statement it is unsurpassed.” Justice Foorr, Supreme Court, N. Y a DODDS A enie COMPLETENESS: “'A_ true en- cove COMPANY, Publishers, cyclopaedia in every sense; an ideal Z 2 $72 Fifth Ave., New York City informer on all important sub- To all persons sending us this rld is jects in which coe coupon we will mail, without cost to them, interestec = . our twenty-five-cent Question Booklet and ” Artillery Journal. specimen pages giving illustrations, maps, and information regarding price and easy-payment plan. Street Post-office. Leucothoé is an arching spray of dark- green, glossy, pinnate foliage. Nothing like it in the world. Those three-foot brushes of long-needled pines make our northern pines look sick. Southern smilax is the most graceful and longest-keeping green vine for Christmas decoration. Palmetto crowns and leaves bring the tropics into your home, and will be welcome for two months. You can get samples of most of these early by mail. Later, if your local florist does not have them, you can get them by express. UNUSUAL ‘‘BOUGHT”’ GIFTS Has your wife enough vases for cut flowers ? What about a sun dial for the garden? Buy a book that will help someone make a better garden. Give someone who really needs it a year’s subscription to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and Country Life in America. Buy your plants and flowers from the florist a week before the rush. He will deliver them on time, and you will get the best. INTIMATE CHRISTMAS GIFTS If you want to give a garden-loving friend something which could not possibly be for anyone else, or from anyone else, send one package of your choicest home-saved seed, with full directions for cultivation. Choose the six best recipes for cooking vegetables or preserving fruits that have been in your family for generations, make a booklet of them, and send them to the person | who would appreciate them the most. Better than florists’ flowers or bought gifts are home-grown flowers. The three ‘easiest and quickest things to grow for this purpose are Chinese sacred lilies in bowls, Roman hyacinths in brown earthenware pans of sand and water, and Dutch hyacinths in tall glasses. The first two will bloom in forty days from planting, but it is worth while to order the bulbs of all three as late as the last week in November, for even if the plants are not in flower at Christmas time, so much the better. Your friend will then get two pleasures instead of one—anticipation as well as reali- zation. HINT TO A FOND PARENT Write a letter like this: Dear Fenny: You've been pretty good this year, so I guess you might as well have. that little greenhouse, only I wouldn’t let it cost more than a thousand. Merry Christmas from your FATHER. “TEST WE FORGET” When planning your Christmas expendi- tures, save a dollar to spend on December 26th. Take advantage of the big slump in prices to buy some left-over flowers for left- | over people. Inquire for the people who got _ nothing at Christmas, the invalids and the failures. ON CHRISTMAS DAY Make a feeding place for the birds where you can watch them all the rest of the winter. They eat garden insects and weed seeds. Besides, it’s fun. DECEMBER, 1905 for Garden Lovers (Garden Color MRS. C. W. EARLE Author of © Pot-Pourri from a Surrey Garden,’’ AND OTHERS 50 Full-page Colored Il]lustrations BY MARGARET WATERFIELD 4to, 10%3 x8% ins., cloth, $6.00 net. Express paid on receipt of price “GARDEN COLOR” is a sumptuous gift book. It gives the various flowers according to season which, by proper massing and grouping, will produce harmonious results. It is as much for the inexperienced gardener with a small plot as for the owner of a large estate. The 50 beautiful full-page illustrations in color are an important feature of this sumptuous book. The Great Work on F ‘egetables aimnie Vegetable Garden BY VILMORIN-ANDRIEUX Translated by W. ROBINSON A new edition of this foremost authoritative work is now ready. It is the one great indis- pensable book publihsed on vegetables. For the students and gardeners of all countries, as a reference work, it is almost a necessity. Practically all vegetables are treated in alphabetical order. One of the best Christmas Gifts to a practical gardener. 712 pages, substantial cloth binding, $4.50 net. Express paid on receipt of price. Illustrated Holiday Catalogue Sent on Request. Eee DUTTON & CO. SAVE 50 to 90 Per Cent. ON BOOKS FOR X-MAS A TRAIN LOAD OF BOOKS Big Book House Failed We bought the entire stock of new and up-to-date books. We are closing them out at from Io to 50 cents on the dollar. These are Sample Prices: Late copyrights were $1.50. Our price 38 cents. The 38 cent list includes ‘The Christian,” “Call of the Wild,” “ Brewster’s Millions,” ‘ Graustark,” “The Castaway,” “David Harum,” etc., Encyclopedia Britannica, ro vols., half leather, regularly $36.00, our price, $7.75. Charles Dickens’ complete works, 15 vols., regularly $15.00, our price, $295. Alex. Dumas and 25 other standard 5 vol. sets, regular $3.00, our price 75 cents set. X-MAS SPECIAL. World’s Best Poets. Shakespeare, Longfellow and 48 others. De luxe edition. Full leather padded, pure gold edges, regular $t.50. Our price 70 cents each. Every book guaranteed to be new, perfect and satisfactory, or your money back without question or quibbling. Practically any book or set of books you want at a fraction of the retail price WHILE THEY LAST. Get our free bargain list before ordering. Write for it to-day. THE DAVID B. CLARKSON CO. Dept. 88, CHICAGO, ILL, 31 West 23d Street, New York A_ CHRISTMAS PRESENT FOR CHILDREN & HOW IT GREW | || FRANCES DUNCAN | Stee: | How It Grew By FRANCES DUNCAN A Practical Treatise on making o Garden Told in Story Form Milustrated. Square 12mo, $125 This is an interesting and helpful book for both girls and boys, for it tells all the practical details of garden-making in the form of a story. “The Best Juvenile Book on Practical Gardening Published ” Many readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE may be unable to procure this book promptly from their booksellers. For their convenience we attach the coupon below. THE | CENTURY COMPANY | UNION SQUARE Fully Illustrated. Square 12mo, 261 pages. $1.25 The Century Company, Union Square, New York: Enclosed find $1.25 (and 12 cents postage), for which mail me a copy o6o MARY’S GARDEN AND HOW IT GREW, by Frances Duncan. Address NEW YORK: I} THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1905 ANG oD COMPANY'S BOOKS THE RACCOON SS Zar Se —— d A whole “nature library ’ Dp A~-_Z 32 FA history, art and literature. —s in characteristic action. I. COMMON THINGS II. PERSONS AND PLACES Please send for enclosed $.-++-++++++++ cece eeeee copies Animal Snapshots (Address) «eseees 4 K FRUIT BOOK shows in NATURAL COLORS and accurately describes 216 varieties of fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Ma. But remember SPRING Fall Season for PLANTING WILL SooN Planting is Over Come, and do not lose a year. ‘‘ The early bird catches the worm.’’ Our stock is large and fine. Wecan fill orders large and small; send us a list of your wants and get our prices. Send for our fully illustrated catalogue. Address The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Co., Inc. Pe eee New Canaan, Conn. Young Folks’ Cyclopaedia of Natural History By J. D. CHAMPLIN and F. A. LUCAS With over 800 illustrations, 725 pp. $2.50 postpaid. about animals prepared by two experts not too expert. Scientific facts are presented in simple language, and are enlivened by anecdotes, personal experiences and references to The illustrations show the creature in its natural surroundings and Extinct animals are fully treated, because these strange forms are fascinating to children and because they illustrate the derivation of such familiar living animals as birds, horses and dogs. “ Young folks who get Mr. Champlin’s book are to be congratulated; there is lots in it to interest every one of them, boy or girl." Y. Times Review. Earlier volumes, profusely illustrated, $2.50 each (postpaid ). Animal Snapshots By SILAS A. LOTTRIDGE Illustrated with 85 photographs from nature by the author. $1.75 net (by mail $1.90). Remarkable pictures of familiar wild animals and birds as they appear in their natural environment, with simple, interesting papers on the life and habits of the subjects and how the photographs were made. An ideal gift for the nature lover or amateur photographer. Ill. GAMES AND SPORTS IV. LITERATURE AND ART Ce i geen eere Write to-day for our art booklet ** How Ooses to Grow Roses”? and our New Floral Guide—FREE. THE CONARD & JONES CO., Box P, West Grove, Pa. G rowers of ‘‘the Best Roses in America.”’ Our 1905 catalogue tells allabout them. IT’S FREE, W.W.RAWSON & CO.,Boston, Mass. TREES and SHRUBS Immense quantities. Low Prices. Price-list on application. Peonies a Specialty PETERSON NURSERY 510 W. Peterson Ave. - - CHICAGO, ILL. = Arlington Tested Seeds When to Plant Peonies ope statement in the November GARDEN MacazineE that it is too late to plant peonies in that month appears to me too radical. If the roots, after being dug, are stored in heaps or boxes in the nurseryman’s shed, then by all means plant as soon as possible; but when they are properly kept, in slightly moistened sand or moss, or dug from the ground, as ordered, I maintain that late fall planting will insure as good results as were planting done considerably earlier. Asa matter of fact many peonies are dug too early. During the early part of September ~ there is but little indication of ripening in~ many varieties. At that time the foliage is still mostly very fresh and green, as anyone may then observe. When the root approaches maturity the foliage begins to lose color and wither, and this condition is rarely reached in the majority of the Chinensis varieties until September 15th to 30th. New Jersey. GEORGE H. PETERSON. When special means are taken to overcome the natural conditions all sorts of things can be accomplished. THE GARDEN MAGA- ZINE, however, in advocating the earlier planting of peonies, is speaking for ordinary every-day conditions.—EDITor. Old-Fashioned Flowers AURICE MAETERLINCK’S “Old Fashioned Fowers”’* is a book that will be cherished by everyone who loves his “Life of the Bee.” Four essays, or rather rhap- sodies, make up this charming little book— “Old Fashioned Flowers,” ““News of Spring,” “Field Flowers,” and ‘‘Chrysanthemums.”’ It is impossible to read the opening chapter without planning an old-fashioned garden finer and fuller of meaning than any you have ever seen or heard of. Maeterlinck is one of the few great masters of literary expression who have condescended to write of gardening matters. “Condescension?” As Maeterlinck han- dles the subject, the theme is worthy of the greatest. *Old-Fashioned Flowers and Other Out-of- door Studies. By Maurice Maeterlinck. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 1905. 106 pages; 4%8 x 7% inches; several colored plates. Price, $1.20 net DECEMBER, 1905 AEG, GARDEN MAGAZINE WHEN PLANNING OR REMODELING YOUR GARDEN for next year you should have at hand a copy of American Gardens—the most beautiful collection of pictures of our own gardens ever published. It is not a treatise on horticulture, but a guide to laying out gardens of all kinds appropriate to this country. Sketch plans are given of nearly all the gardens illustrated, with arrow points showing the position and direction of the camera for each view. It is, therefore, possible from a study of the pictures and plans to secure in your own garden just the effects you want, for nothing is illustrated that cannot be reproduced American Gardens contains 240 pages 10x 12, with 227 illus- trations, showing in detail 61 gardens. It has an introduc- tion by Guy Lowell, and is handsomely bound in gold and green buckram, with cover design by Henry McCarter As a Holiday Gift for a Garden-Loving Friend NOTHING BETTER COULD BE SELECTED Price, Express Paid, $7.50 BATES & GUILD CO., 42 Chauncy St. Boston “ Clearly the book of the year.”— Atlantic Monthly. Species and Varieties Their Origin by Mutation By Hugo De Vries, Professor of Botany in the University of Amsterdam. Edited by Daniel IT. Macdougal, Assistant. Director of the New York Botanical Garden. “ Therefore, Bateson suggests, it may fall to the lot of some man to see a NEW SPECIES come into the world. DeVries is this fortunate man * * * SPECIES AND VARIETIES, then, within the field of natural science, is clearly the book of the year On the practical Side it gives unity and significance to the random observations of every lover of plants, and makes clear how Mr Luther Burbank, by applying on a characteristically Western scale the essential principles which have come down from pre-Darwinian times, has accom- plished his marvelous results, etc., etc ’°—November, ATLANTIC MONTHLY. Large type, 8 vo., 867 pages, gilt top, with fine photogravure frontispiece; price, $5.00 COMBINATION OFFER.—The above named book will be sent postpaid with a year’s subscription—new or renewal—to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, $1.00 (or Suburban Life, $1.00) and The Open Court, $1.00. $7.00 for $5.50. A Floral Calendar for Every Year The Japanese Floral Calendar By ERNEST W. CLEMENT, M. A. Printed on best paper. Profusely illustrated. Sixty pages. Board cover Octavo. Price, 50 cents (2s. 6d. net) THE OPEN COURT $1.00 per year An Illustrated Monthly Magazine See Combination Offer Above THE OPEN COURT is a popular magazine discussing the deepest questions of life. It offers the maturest thought in the domains of Religion, Philosophy, Psychology, Evolution and kindred subjects. i It contains articles on the recent discoveries of Babylonian and Egyptian excavations, on Old Testament Research, the Religion of the American Indians, Chinese Culture, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Mithraism—in short, anything that will throw light on the development of religion, and especially on Christianity. _ THE OPEN COURT investigates the problems of God and Soul, of life and death and immortality, of conscience, duty, and the nature of morals, the ethics of political and social life— briefly all that will explain the bottom facts of Religion and their practical significance. The illustrations, though artistic, are instructive and frequently reproduce rare historical pictures. Address order to THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO., 1322 Wabash Ave., Chicago with cloth back. 10 Cents per Copy A GARDEN IN PINK By BLANCHE ELIZABETH WADE Illustrations from drawings in color and from photographs HIS is a beautiful gift-book, just published, which will delight amateur gardeners, especially young householders who are having their first suburban experience. They will find so many familiar problems humor- ously touched upon, so many novel and practical ideas offered, and the iM book so attractive with Mrs. Perkins’s charming pictures in color that it will be received with real Here are some of the chapters. enthusiasm. What Came of Consulting Catalogues Concerning Sun-Dials Hollyhocks Concerning an Intruder and the Bee- Tree A Gardener to Match Price, $1.75, net Of Booksellers or of the Publishers AC McGlhURG: & CO, CHICAGO The Datntiest Gift Book of the New Season Old Fashioned Flowers By MAURICE MAETERLINCK Author of ° The Life of the Bee,’’ etc. This beautiful book contains Mr. Maeterlinck’s most inimitable essays on “Old Fashioned Flowers,” ‘ News of Just published. ” Spring,” “ Field Flowers” and ‘‘ Crysanthemums.” It is a piece of real literature about flowers. Have you ever lived for an hour under the charm of Maeterlinck? If you ——— can give that period of time to this exquisite OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS little volume it will lead you into new con- ceptions of the common things of life-—you will behold the seasons, flowers, birds and the hills with a new vision. Beautifully illustrated in colors by the artist, Charles B. Falls. Especially appropriate as a Christmas gift. Cloth. Net, $1.20. Ye w= , Wises (Penal WMAETERLINCK |} 12mo. DODD, MEAD & COMPANY (G. M.-12] 372 FirtH Avenug, New York. Enclosed find $........, for which please send me copies of Old Fashioned Flowers (Ten cents extra enclosed for postage on each copy.) Price: Net, $1.20 Postage, ro cents BS THE GARDEN MAGAZINE IKCORATIVE PALMS OG WOMAN we owe the introduction of the house plant in our living rooms; the cffect everyone admits is a delight- ful- combination of outdoor suggestion and indoor comfort. The house plant made neces- sary the jardiniere. Naturally, ordinary red earthenware flower pots were both unsuit- able and inharmonious for indoor use. Every- one is familiar with the common glazed jar- diniere. While some attempt has been made of late years to produce an artistic glazed jardiniere, the cheap or medium priced article is not desirable. But perhaps the greatest objection which has been advanced against the glazed jardiniere is its unfortunate — effect on the plant. The roots of a house plant must have a free circula- tion of air; the flower pot is porous, but a glazed jardiniere is not; plants which do not thrive in an_ ordinary jardiniere are slowly suf- focating. Down in the city of Columbia, South Carolina, there is a concern that discovered why so many house plants failed to thrive in a room, and found that a jardiniere made from a particular kind of reed was the ideal holder for the flower pot. From this first effort has sprung up the manufac- ture of “Bombayreed” jardinieres. Palm lovers who had been equally unfortunate in preserving their house plants immediately secured specimens of the “Bombayreed” jardi- nieres, and the growing demand demonstrated the need for this new article. The reed from which “Bombayreed” jardinieres are made is imported directly from the Malay Peninsula, and is noted for its pliability and strength, which admits of its being turned and bent to almost every conceivable form and shape. Classic designs have been somewhat followed and adapted, as these will readily harmonize with almost any decora- tive scheme. The style known as Grecian was suggested by a classic bowl; Roman, by the cap of a Roman column; Persian, Arabian, etc. The Carolina Glass Com- pany — manufacturers of these jardinieres — have spent considerable time and money in experiments to secure the proper color- ing materials, not only for the immediate effect but with a view towards permanency. Special shades have been sought for with a view to their ; harmony or contrast with the color schemes of rooms they will occupy. The sea-green and forest-green will fit in with almost any color scheme. The etruscan, red and maroon will fit in readily with a yellow, gold, green or neutral scheme. Gold has also been featured in “Bombayreed” jardinieres, as has light yellow and the natural reed color. A feature is being made of coloring jardinieres specially to order to match any color or shade in a room. It need hardly be emphasized that “‘ Bombayreed” jardinieres are an attractive addition to the decorative effect of a room— just as much as the house plants themselves. The makers of “Bombayreed” jardinieres have issued a little booklet on the “Care of Palms”—the only treatise on the subject in convenient and popular form. This little booklet contains more informa- tion of actual value in properly caring for and nurturing palms and other house plants than volumes of technical works on the subject. The Carolina Glass Company, Columbia, South Carolina, will send a copy to any reader requesting it before the present edition is exhausted. (From ‘‘House Beautiful,’’ Nov.) Sixteen New Hardy Chrysanthe- mums from a First Attempt N Christmas Day, 1903, when the ground was covered with snow, I took a walk in my garden and spied a bunch of seeds on one of my pompon chrysanthemums. It gave me an idea. Why not raise some seedlings ? I gathered the little soggy mass of pulp, dried it in the oven of the kitchen range, and in a few days took what was left to a local florist, as I had no greenhouse facilities. The florist rather sniffed at the idea of my getting any of the seeds to germinate—he thought the season had been too early to allow any to be fertilized, etc. A little persuasion, how- ever, induced him to make a trial, and in a few weeks thirty-nine seeds had germinated. These little plants were carefully looked after, and were put in thumb pots at the proper time. As early as possible in the spring they were planted in good soil in my chrysanthemum bed. Without any great amount of care they grew all summer, the tops were pinched back, and by fall they had made very large plants, twice as large as any of my other plants from cuttings. The results were remarkable—about six- teen distinct varieties and only one single flowered variety in the lot—none was poor. I exhibited some of them at the New York Flower Show last year, and took second prize, but they were past their best several weeks before the show, which was very late. For profusion of bloom in the fall the pompon chrysanthemum is a wonder. I cut armfuls of flowers daily from my bed, grow- ing about 150 varieties beside the seedlings. The amateur can produce with very little | trouble just as fine flowers from his out-of- | doors garden as the professional florist with all his glass, and they are especially welcome at a time when all other blooms and foliage have gone. They stand several degrees of frost without injury. Of recent years great strides have been made in improving this type, and it has been kept well in line with its giant relations in combination of colors and style of flower—some are double, others are asterlike, and some are as simple as a field daisy. Good healthy young plants should be set out in the spring, as soon as all danger of frost is past; put them in good rich soil, two and a half feet apart; pinch them back until August, so they will make good stocky plants; do not neglect to give them water; keep the bugs off, and there you are! New Jersey. FRANK H. PRESBY. DECEMBER, 1905 NATIVE HANDICRAFT Original Xmas Gifts Direct from Native Makers We make these special Xmas offers to GARDEN MaGa- ZINE readers to convince you of the extraordinary values of our Native Mexican and Indian Handi- work. These goods are especially desirable for Holiday gifts, being unique and very artistic. Mexican Centerpieces, 50c. to $3 Pure linen, imported from Mexico, with daintiest of beautiful hand-drawn designs; ro in., fully worth $x, as a Holiday special, only 5cc., larger sizes: 12 in., 85¢.; 16 in., $1.10; 20 in., $1.85; 24 in., $2; 33 in., $3. Doilies to match, 6 in., 20c.; 8 in., 30c. each; prepaid. Pueblo Rug, $10.00 } Woven of purenative ? PLSSIRSA TH wool by the Pueblo QE REO SY rt podien weavers; ab- aotintoats IN Ys solutely fast colors ees rich Indian red, black es SLI NEWS and white. Size 30 x 50. a lifetime. The retail value of this rug is low at $16.co; we send it prepaid for $10.00. What Our Customers Say: “Philadelphia, Penna. “The rug which I ordered February 11 has been received, and I am much pleased with it. The design is excellent and the colors are very striking and pleasing to the eye. I consider it an agreeable addition to my surroundings. WM. SHRYOCK.” Filigree Silver Brooch, 40c. Mexican hand-worked from pure silver wire with fancy gold centers; fashionable and scarce; 3-daisy design, 40c.; 4-daisy design, 55c.; large single daisy, goc.; prepaid. ESD Indian Palm Basket, 25c. —3{ Hand-woven by Mexican Indians from palm- leaf fibre; prettily colored; 8 in. high; fine flower- pot holder; curio stores ask $1, we send for 25C.3 two to same address, 44c.; five, $1; prepaid. Indian Good-Luck God, 75c. Fine specimen of Pueblo pottery; 8 in. high, weight about 2 lbs.; supposed to bring its owner good luck for one year; worth $1; this month only 75c., prepaid. Indian Carved Stick Pin, 50c. In form of Swastika Cross— Navajo tribe’s good-luck sym- bol; pure silver, hand-wrought by Navajo silversmiths; genuine turquoise set; odd and pretty; s5oc., prepaid. Complete catalogue sent with all orders; alone 4c.; Holiday booklet free. Every= thing subject to return if not satisfactory. The FRANCIS E. LESTER CO. Dept. 94, Mesilla Park, New Mexico House Plants How to Succeed With Them By Lizzie Pacer HILLHOUSE This practical little handbook is written by a woman for the countless thousands of women who have no conservatory or hot house. This is the first effort to fill the need of a complete and adequate work. The amateur will be both surprised and de- lighted with the great range of plants which this book tells us it is possible to successfully raise in the house. Chapters are devoted to Bulbs, Cacti, Ferns, Flowering Plants, Foliage, Plants, Lilies, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Creepers and Basket Plants, and one on plants unclassified. A sepa- rate chapter on the propagation of plants is ex- tremely interesting, as it is here so many fail. 220 pages. About too illustrations. Ready reference index to all plants mentioned. Price, cloth, $1.00 SPECIAL: Copies of this book in strongly bound flexible covers sent prepaid for 50c A. T. DE LA MARE PTG. & PUB. CO., Ltd. 2 to 8 Duane Street, N. Y. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 247 AND NATURE STUDY were never more popular than now. The leader of this movement, more than any other person, is John Burroughs. The new Riverby Edition of his com- plete writings is richly illustrated with views from Nature and is an unusually beautiful series of books in every way. ‘The price is low and payments only two dollars a month. A BURROUGHS ESSAY FREE One of the most interesting sulijects now being dis- cussed is “ Do Animals Think and Reflect?” We will send a complete chapter on this subject from Burroughs’s latest book if you will send name and address on this blank. Address ..... Our Grandfath — would have enjoyed reading the New Science Library, but they : ; HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY would have considered it a wonderful work of ficticn, with its amaz- ing story of messages flashing through space half way around the _ 4 Park St., Boston, or 85 Fifth Ave., New York world; ofa metal so rare that it costs half a million dollars an ounce ; of astronomers analyzing the constituents of a star trillions The Fashionable Winter Resort of America of miles away ; of a theory of evolution which carries the origin of man back millions of years to a lower form of life. ‘They would have found a surprise on every page, yet The New Science Library is filled with sober facts. Until you read this record of man’s achievements you cannot realize fully how Science has transformed the entire fabric of intellectual and commercial life. It will tell you how the phonograph was invented; upon what principle wireless telegraphy rests; what the famous Darwinian theory is ; how the distance to the stars is measured ; how electricity makes the trolley- car go—and a thousand other interesting stories. This unique library, in sixteen volumes, contains the best work of Spencer, Darwin, Huxley, Tyndall, and other great scientists. It contains just what you want to know about modern science—and there is not a dull or dry chapter in the work. FREE—84-Page Book—FREE If you will mail us the coupon below at once we will send full particulars about the New Science Library, and how you may get it at half price and on the Individual Payment Plan, by means of which you can arrange the payments to suit yourself. At the same time we will send you a copy of our handsome 84- page book, ‘‘ Some Wonders of Science.’?_ This book, containing articles by Thomas H. Huxley, E. B. Tylor, R. A. Proctor and Ray Stannard Baker, is so bright and interesting that you will read it from cover to cover, and when you have read it you will wonder how you ever could have thought science dry and dull. As long as the edition lasts, we will exchange a copy of it for the coupon printed at the bottom of this advertisement. Public Opinion Company 44-60 E. 23d Street New York Rove eae @ Oboe OS Newey Besy. NEW JERSEY CENTRAL Gar. M. 12-05 EXCHANGE COUPON Good for one complimentary copy_ of ‘Some Wonders of Science,’’ if mailed at once to Public Opinion, 44-60 East 23d Street, New York. Best Hotels s Golf s Polo s Outdoor Sports BOOKLET ON APPLICATION TO C. M. BURT. GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT 143 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK CITY City anp STATE We will send, at the same time, full particulars of our New Science Library and our Introductory Half-Price Offer. PLEASURE AND PROFIT A PREMIER Greenhouse will keep you supplied with flowers, fruits and vegetables all the year around. Saves its cost in a season. Gives tone to your residence and creates a pleasant and profitable hobby. The illustration shows a Premier Greenhouse, length 12 feet, width 8 feet, height 8 feet. It has double walls, double strength glass, plant tables, etc, fitted complete, built in sections, and can be erected in two hours. The price is $63.00. Geo. B. Clementson, Esq., of Lancaster, Wis., writes: ‘The Premier Greenhouse is the most attractive proposition for the plant lover I have ever seen.” Catalog and Price List on application. Greenhouses from $20.00. Conservatories, Garden Frames, Summer Cottages, Auto Houses, Poultry Houses and Portable Buildin of every description. CHAS. Hs MANEEY DEPT. G., PREMIER MFG. WORKS ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN 248 METAL WORK FOR CHRISTMAS @ Many pieces suitable for gifts— and you can find none more fitting. Pieces that may be used constantly and last indefinitely. « All show pleas- ing results of con- tinued combined ef- fort, for the making of them isa special pleasure, and we devote to it our best attention. Bee a arien ease ot eM Ieaecie @ Interesting Portfolios, Folders, Cata- logues, Original Drawings and Sketches— all are here subject to your call. Write for them to-day. Give as many particu- lars as you can about what you may nee Wels eb eeM BAY cE Y,. ©C.0: 116 NORTH STREET, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO € Country Lyfe in Ameria: | Evecrric Lantern No. ri6sr With Bracket, $10.00 4 | Copyrarcar Hanp-wrouGut Anpirons No. en 18 ins. high, girs. 755 including poker. We pay transportation east of the Mississippi when cash accompanies order ade of wire for Plant Supports sei: carnations, peonies, and the most economical for progressive growers. IGOE BROTHERS, 228 N. gth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. BURPEE’S éow GROW Handsome catalog, containing beautiful colored prints, directly photographed from nature, mailed FR EE on request. W. ATLEE BURPEE, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pa. Iron Railings, Wire Fences, Entrance Gates We MAKE and erect ha ae Wire Fences of all kinds for lawns, gardens, stock paddocks, dog kennels, Arbors for vines Garden Arches, Plant Supporters, Tree Guards, also Wrought Iron Railings and Write for catalogue No. 29. and fruit trees, Unclimable Netting Fences, etc., Gates of all kinds for country places. ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS : Office and Show Rooms: 15 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A Fourteen-Year-Old-Boy’s Gar- den That Earned $70 MY’ GARDEN is half an acre, sloping slightly to the south, and I do all the work myself except plowing and hauling the manure. ‘The soil is a rich sandy loam. After sending my order to the seedsman I had manure hauled and spread all over the garden The fourteen-year-old gardener at work to be plowed under. On April 5th the garden was plowed, harrowed, and _ the potato rows marked out. I then planted my peas, beets, early potatoes, spinach, onion sets and onion seed. I worked in the garden every day after school and soon had it STRAWBERRY BED |CUCUMBER PATCH] ASPARAGUS BED ee AE YN 1 ) 2 ROWS GRAPEVINES CARROTS SPINACH _ IST CROP LETTUCE 2N2 CROP PEAS 2 ROWS _JSTCROP CABBAGE 2N2 CROP 2 ROWS ONION SEED EARLY CABBAGE EARLY TOMATOES [st CROP 2 ROWS BEANS ene GROP BEETS [a a EG | SS SN 17) = a ae TS] 9 2 Pa ea Ta a Se hae Ae eee) [SS ec Sa No RO LS CO I ee a ee, OWS LOMATOES eee ee eee a ee ed SumMMER SQuasSH Plan of the half-acre garden that was worked by a fourteen-year-old boy, and on which he raised crops to the value of $71.52 | looking tip-top. About the first of May I planted all the other vegetables that could not be planted early, such as corn, beans, late potatoes, summer squash, early tomato DECEMBER, 1905 is the most popular time- piece in the world, The ordinary clock must be wound every day, or possibly once a week, but this wonderful 400 Day Clock—known as the Anniversary Clock—needs wind- ing but once a year. And it is guaranteed to keep accurate time. The price is $15.60 express prepaid anywhere in the U.S. “Anniversary Time” is a booklet which gives the history of these uniqueclocks. Sentfree on request. f Anderton & Son, Dept. ¢ Dayton, Ohio. OATS AAAS Christmas Mistletoe The finest mistletoe in the world grows in southern New Mexico. It is loaded with berries this year, and more beautifully green than ever. We are giving our customers the advantage of the low cost of gathering this and packing it, and can supply it at less than wholesale / prices. We gather the mistletoe imme- diately before packing and ship in spe- cially made water-proof boxes, so as to reach any part of the United States in perfect condition. We will ship at any time, or, if you desire it, will arrange shipment to reach you two or three days before Christmas. We quote the following very low prices, all charges prepaid to your address, carefully packed and shipped by express: Box, containing 2 pounds, from 5 to 10 large sprays, prepaid, 50 cents; box, containing 5 pounds, 1o to 25 large sprays, enough for your own home and a dozen of your friends, prepaid, $1.00. We guarantee satisfaction. Send us your order, and state when you desire shipment to reach you; we will arrange everything else. Dept. 94 M. THE FRANCIS E. LESTER COMPANY, - Mesilla Park, N. M. AND BRIGHT EVERGREENS S22a8cet re WINTER EFFECT In our extensive nurseries can be found all the best varieties. Send for our Fall Catalogue. BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S BOOKS Working with the Ends: Net, $1.50. Postage, 15 cents. Character Building. $1.50. _ Postage. 315 cents. Up from Slavery. Nees a so. Postage, 15 cents. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Our Garden and Floral Guide for 1906 | will be ready for distribution January rst. It is free for the asking. Several novelties | } of great merit to be introduced this year, | including two especially fine Asters, Vick’s : | Violet King and Vick’s Mikado. JAMES VICK’S SONS 362 Main Street, - ROCHESTER, N. Y. DECEMBER, 1905 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 249 The Angle Lamp FOR LIGHTING CITY AND COUNTRY HOMES Positive Proof of how entirely different The Angle Lamp is from the ordinary kind is the class of people who use it. What other lamp—or what other lighting system for that matter—can show endorsements from ex-Pres. Cleveland, the Carnegies, Rockefellers, and thousands of others of almost equal prominence. These people would not think of using ordinary oil lamps, yet they have chosen THIS oil-burning lamp for lighting their homes and estates in preference to gas, electricity, gasolene, acetylene or any other method, be- cause they have found that while as CONVENIENT AS GAS OR ELECTRICITY to operate, its light is more brilliant than either, and of the beautiful, soft, restful quality for which kerosene is so justly famous. But you need not take even this evidence of the superiority of The Angle Lamp. For. the very fact that The Angle Lamp always surprises and delights even the most particular people enables us to offer you better proof yet— A THIRTY DAYS’ TRIAL of any lamp listed in Catalog “41” in your own home, where you yourself can prove that it is the best, the cheapest and the most satis- factory of all lighting methods. Lighted and extinguished like gas. Filled while lighted with perfect safety. Requires filling but once or twice a week. Burned high or low without odor. No smoke; no danger. Just one thing more—Economy. If splendid light and convenience were the only features of the Angle Lamp, it might be considered a luxury. But, as this lamp actually costs less to burn than even the troublesome old-fashioned kind, it becomes an actual necessity. Write for Catalog « 4I,’’ listing 32 varieties from $1.80 up. NEW YORK For Christmas and the Holidays [ AND ALL-WINTER DECORATIONS Kelsey’s Beautiful Brilliant Green and Bronze Galax Leaves and Leucothoé Sprays were intro- duced by us fourteen years ago, and are now used by millions each season forall florists’ de- signs and decorations, by churches and in the home, especially during the holiday season. They are not expensive and produce lasting re- sults, both uniqueand beautiful. Galax Leaves, with jong, wiry stems, keep indefinitely in a vase in water, even in warm rooms, being of thick, leathery texture, and yet graceful, and retain their original vivid colors. They make beautiful wreaths and there is no limit to the various designs for which they can beused. Leucothoé Spraysare long, grace- ful and indispensable. We can also supply any Christmas Evergreens desired at a reason- able cost and estimates for any church, private or other decorations, large or small, gladly given. Assorted cases containing Green and Bronze Galax Leaves, Jeucothoé Sprays, Holly, Laurel, Mistletoe, Pine, Wild Smilax and all other greens can be made up at any cost from $2 up, according to variety and quantities desired. DIMENSION—FIVE FEET LONG We will send to anyone contemplating building or furnishing a Garden or Hall in stone the above in miniature (size eight inches), to show our material, for two dollars. N.B.—The most beautifully illustrated eatalozue published entirely of Hardy Native American Plants, for the asking. We Charge for G EEN axp Bronze GALax Leaves, either or both colors and large and small sizes, $2 for 500 leaves, postpaid, or $3 per 1,000 by express, not paid. Leccornos Sprays, green, at $1.50 per 100, $7 per 1,000, by express, not paid. Gatax Prants, for potting, with se- lected Green and Bronze Leaves 50 cts. each, $4 for 10, postpaid. These make elegant table or window decora- tions in winter. Hoty of the finest quality, FULL oF BERRIES, at from $2 to $LO per case, according to size. SoctuerN Smitax, Sournern Moss, Pau LEAVES and Grounp Pine or Lycopoprum in any quantity, and wreaths of different sorts at reasonable prices. Cnrtstwas FERNS (DAGGER aNv Fancy) 50 cts. per 100, $4 per 1,000. Orders MUST BE FENT EaRLy to {insure delivery in time. Don't wait until therush. PRICE LIST FREE. Address MARIAN P. KELSEY, 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. FOR EXTERIOR USE SPHYNX GRAY STONE FOR INTERIOR USE SATE AW ORY STONE HENRY ERKINS & COMPANY FOUR WEST FIFTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK 250 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Southern Decorative Everaqreens “Merry Christmas and THE WOODSMAN’S GREETING Once again I greet you, wishing my many friends and customers and all readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE a Merry Christmas Year. Saviour of mankind. Please let me have your orders for the decoration of your Home or Church as early as possible for, at this busy season, this insures so much better service. SOUTHERN WILD SMILAX This lovely evergreen vine is undoubtedly the most graceful and the beautiful Southern Christmas Decoratives. 1 beauty, is its remarkable decorative quality. wilt, or curl, but dries retaining all its beautiful color. Case No. 1, containing sufficient to cover 100 square feet, weight 15 lbs., $1.00 9 te Ms 290 - “ 3, ee ob ee 300 “ OG we 4, &e “ ee 400 we ee 13 5, cc 6s 6 500 6 5 ee 6, e oe be 600 be ve HOLLY Christmas is hardly Christmas if wedo not have at least a few branches of Holly over doors, mirrors, and pictures in the parlor and library; being gathered and shipped you fresh from the woods our Holly will reach you in much better condition than that pur- chased in the cities. SelibsmibOxsriscucrieinceicci chest ple leach 10a : 5G ue isy | 8 Pay WO 0 3.60 ‘ gM) MOG Gododudcads cogoc.coRspAGo one 4.00 * Op tO WS paaqdadodooeomnedd, Ob00 5.00‘ Holly wreaths, 14 inches in diameter, .25 ‘‘ ub ‘i 18 6 ra 35 “ “ 24 “ “ 50s MISTLETOE Mistletoe is quite as essential to Christmas Decorations as Holly. e have an abundant {crop of well berried Mistletoe this season, and offer it in baskets containing one large cluster, as it is cut from the tree, with all spaces in the basket, after the cluster is put in, filled with good branches. Price, $2.00 per basket. LONG NEEDLE PINES As beautiful as palms in decoration, with long, dark, glossy green needles and beautifully marked stems. The smaller sizes are particularly desirable for mantel ornaments and the larger ones, if placed in jardinieres, are exceedingly beautiful in parlor and church decorations. They retain their beauty and color a long time. Prices: 2 to 3 feet, $ .15 each gf 4 te "90 5g 95 Assorted sizes, $2.50 per dozen COMPLETE DECORATIONS, PACKED IN 1 large bunch Folly 1 Chamaerops Palm 2 pounds Gray Moss 1 Long Needle Pine x pound Gray Moss (Will decorate a very Bronze, leaves, 50c. Good Dame Nature has been kind this year and I have vast quantities of Wild Smilax, Holly and Mistletoe with which to decorate Home and Church, to greet good, old “Santa Claus” and to celebrate the birth of the The greatest point in its favor, outside of its great It is wonderfully lasting; does not drop its leaves, LIGHT CASES AND READY TO PUT Zi z 5 MANTEL DECORATION 2 ro yards Southern Wild Smilax 1 pretty Long Needle Pine Price, $1. SMALL CHURCH DECORATION 12 large branches Holly 50 small branches Magnolia 2 Long Necdle Pines 25 assorted Palm Leaves No. 3 case Southern Smilax Price, $5.00 (Will decorate a small church nicely) PARLOR DECORATION 12 branches nice Hollv 12 vines Southern Smilax 12 branches Magnolia 12 assorted Palm Leaves Price, $2.00 tifully) Galax Leaves, brilliant green and by mail; Gray Moss, 15¢. per lb. Fern Leaves, 25c. per 100. Fern Leaves, $1.00 per 500 a Happy New Year’”’ and a Happy New most useful of the many 20 ‘* 2.00 Qbye ced 00 30 ‘* 4.00 40 cel: y 50 ts 4 Caldwell the Woodsman The man who gave you the Wild Smilax MAGNOLIA FOLIAGE The Magnolia is the most beautiful of all the beautiful ever- green trees in the South, and the branches are particularly desirable tor Christmas decorations. We also supply beautiful wreaths made of these leaves, which retain their color a long time and when they dry turn a very dark, glossy brown quite as pretty as when green, Packed in boxes containing 100 sprays, $1.00 oe oe se 200 oe Oy) 20 00 oe oe ue 390 oe 3.00 sf 490 * 4.00 a He us BOON 5.00 oe oe or 600 ae 6.00 Magnolia Wreaths, 14 inches diameter, .25 oe wt 18 we oe 385 a9 we 24 oe uc 50 (Larger sizes made to order). CHAMAEROPS AND SABAL PALM CROWNS Palm crowns are palm plants with the roots removed; these are found in the forests of South Alabama. The crown or heart of the plant is cut out, with all the leaves, and when placed in a jardiniere cannot be told froma natural plant. These crowns will last a long time. Prices: 3 to 4 feet, $ .25 each BB Gy SABAL PALM LEAVES These leaves will reach you in perfect condition and will last a long time. They do not wilt or curland can be tacked up over doors or windows, or may be arranged to imitate palm plants, in jar- dinieres. Price: Per dozen... $ .35 ‘* hundred, 2.50 UP 00 Crown large room beau- one hundred Pulling Leucothoé Sprays, §1.00 per 100 Special Express Rates on these goods, 25 per cent. less than merchan- dise rates. Our catalogue, ‘‘The Story of the Southern Evergreens,”’ free. a Vine of Wild Smilax Oh, That Mistletoe Bough CALDWELL THE WOODSMAN, Inc. EVERGREEN, ALABAMA DECEMBER, 1905 plants, cabbage plants, carrots and pump- kins. I had the asparagus and rhubarb to supply early vegetables. I picked my first spinach on May 12th and my first peas on May 28th. On June 27th I picked corn, which was “Peep o’ Day,”’ and it certainly was sweet. From May 1sth until October my garden supplied a family of nine with vegetables. I dug my first potatoes on June 2oth, and they were beauties—no scabby ones and very few little ones. I got fifteen bushels. The following table shows my gain: SALES Tomatoes, 20 bushels at 35 cents per bushel . $7.00 Potatoes, 15 bushels at 60 cents per bushel + 9.00 Onions, 4 bushels at 80 cents per bushel 3-20 Peas, 6 bushels at 80 cents per bushel F - 4.80 Beets, 30 bunches at 3 cents per bunch . . =. 90 Asparagus, 15 bunches at 12 cents per bunch . - 1.80 Rhubarb, 30 bunches at 4 cents per bunch . . 1.20 Lettuce, 50 heads at 3 cents per head . ; 1.50 Celery, 200 bunches at 4 cents per bunch . 8.00 Beans, 24 bushels, at 40 cents per bushel 9-60 Spinach '. . . 0 : . eC) Squash, 20 at 3 cents each. : - 5 = -60 Pumpkins, 14 at § cents each. ¢ 2 3 0 Eggplant, 6 at 5 cents each. Bie ain! 0° &O Peppers, 2 packages at 20 cents each. c > LO Carrots, 24 bushels at 60 cents per bushel . 0 Radishes, 6 bunches at 2 cents per bunch. 5 ale Turnips, 3 bushels at 20 cents per bushel. . .60 Corn, go dozen at 18 cents per dozen. 2 16.20 Lima beans, 2 bushels at 80 cents per bushel. . 1.60 Cabbage, 60 head at 3 cents per head . - 1.80 Total . 4 : 5 ‘ > $71.52 EXPENSE Cost of seeds. 6 é é . 6 5 $10.28 Costiiof {plowing y-0 sun - n ZO Cost of manure 6 F oO 5 0 a 5:00 Cost of celery plants . 0 2 0 + 4.00 Total . 3 Mere ic oak, brass-trimmed Wall Cabinets, shaped : si ; like a suit-case but larger, with same grade of tools as above. q Think how many times you will need this outfit during the coming months to bore a hole it may be, to plane a board, to saw a plank, to drive a nail and to keep in shape the innumerable small things, as well Our Motto: ‘Tools and Hardware of Quality,” is a guar- ie se cee ie one eae iS @ K y gift antee of the finest material and workmanship possible. practical, useful, lasting. No. 51, 14 Tools, $ 5.00 No. 52, 24 Tools, $10.00 Combination Bench and Tool Cabinet q Our lines include Builders’, Cabinet and Piano Hard- z | ware, Bolts, Screws, Nuts and Factory Supplies, and all No. 55, 36 Tools, $15.00 ES kinds of Small Tools for Wood and Metal Workers (also No. 54, 40 Tools, $20.00 Mea 2 Calpine: Benches and Tools for Manual Training). We deal Our prices are f. 0. b., New York, giving the best tools made (instead of cheap tools and paying the freight). with consumers direct and invite correspondence. Special Tool Outfit Catalogue, No. 1893, illustrates and describes all five outfits. Send for copy. HAMMACHER, SCHLEMMER @ CO., 4th Ave. and 13th St. tiie New York HARDWARE, TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND PIANO TIATERIALS NEW YORK SINCE 1848 IF YOU DO NOT GET DREER’S Garden Book for 1906 it is because your name is not registered on our list of cus- tomers. This large and beautiful book is being mailed without request to all customers; if you are not among them you can obtain the book FREE merely by writing for it, kindly making mention of this magazine. THE RADIANT ACETYLENE GENERATOR Talk No. 1 JUST A WORD WITH REGARD TO LIGHTING YOUR HOME With my Patent Dissolving Process, you can have Artificial Sunlight in your home. By this process I have made Acetylene a practical commodity, indispen- sable to all who know its merits. I long since made a profession of the study of Acetylene, and its practical uses, and have solved the problem of MEATING and COOKING with Acetylene. Thousands are enjoying the use of this system, all over the land, owing to its superiority over city gas or electricity. It conbines LUXURY AND ECONOMY, as it is not only the most beauti- ful artificial light known, but also the cheapest. It is in daily use in many of the largest cities, as well as in smaller towns, and country homes. The machine is wonderfully SIMPLE AND EASY TO OPERATE, is installed in the home, and a child can operate it. The machines are perfectly AUTOMATIC, and will run for weeks, or months, without any care or attention, according to the amount of light used and the size of the machine installed. The Radiant only has this process. It is the SAFEST system of artificial lighting known, is used in many alms- houses and similar places purely as a matter of safety. If this interests you write for Booklet D, entitled ‘“4cetylene for the Home,” by Rush. Address F. K. RUSH, Pres'a’t & General Mgr. THE RUSH ACETYLENE GENERATOR CO. CANANDAIGUA, N.Y., U:S.A. DREER’S GARDEN BOOK FOR 1906 is by far the most complete book of its kind—the most comprehensive list of Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, etc., ever published. It contains six full-page color illustrations true to nature ; three of these are devoted to the Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers now so popular. Other illustrations in half-tone picture the choicest varieties of Flowers and Vegetables. It is specially worth while to send for this book, if only for the select variety of Roses offered. Everyone with an interest in Gardens and Gardening should have Dreer’s Book. HENRY A. DREER 714 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA JANUARY, 19066 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE TIFFANY & CoO. DIAMOND AND GEM MERCHANTS, GOLD AND SILVERSMITHS, STATIONERS AND DEALERS IN ARTISTIC MERCHANDISE Tiffany 1906 Blue Book A compact catalogue without illustra- tions—530 pages of concise descrip- tions with an alphabetical side index affording quick access to the wide range of Tiffany & Co.’s stock, with the mini- mum and maximum prices at which articles may be purchased Patrons will find this little book filled with helpful suggestions of jewelry, silverware, clocks, bronzes, fine china, glassware, and other artistic merchan- dise suitable for wedding presents or other gifts Blue Book sent upon request without charge Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices Fifth Avenue New York and 37th Street Formerly at Union Square Tiffany & Co. are strictly retailers. They do not em- ploy agents or sell through other deal- ers Mail Order Department The greatly in- creased facilities of the Mail Order De- partment in Tiffany & Co.’s new build- ing, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street, place at the disposal of out-of- town patrons a ser- vice equalling in promptness and efficiency that ac- corded to purchas- es made in person On advice as to requirements, with limit of price, Tif- fany & Co. will send photographs or careful descrip- tions of what their stock affords, with- out obligation to make a purchase Goods on Approval Upon receipt of satisfactory _ refer- ences from any National Bank or responsible business house, Tiffany & Co. will send on approval, selections from their stock to any part of the United States Be 200 256 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE IN 190 (JAN you afford to live another year without THE GARDEN MaGaZINE? With it are you not bound to have a better garden in spite of your- selfP It may save you on vegetables alone ten times the price of a year’s subscription. During 1906 it will be even better than it has been in the past. It 1s to be enlarged and improved. The illustrations will be more profuse and interest- ing than they have been, for we have added another well-known nature photographer, which gives us QUALITY VEGETABLES FOR THE HOME TABLE A series of twelve articles written by two connoisseurs—the man who grows the vegetables and the wife who cooks them. Any beginner can have better vegetables than the grocer, because home- grown vegetables are fresher; but there is only. one way in which you can know the varieties that stand for quality, viz., by reading these articles written by people who have tasted leathery lettuce, stringy beans, hollow-hearted celery, insipid peas, corn that fills your teeth with hulls, and other pious frauds among the much advertised ‘‘novelties.’’ ‘These writers tell the best-flavored kinds, and how to prepare them in such appetizing forms that your guests will sing the praises of your garden and of your cooking. QUALITY FRUITS FOR THE HOME GARDEN Will be another strong series of twelve articles. Professor S. W. Fletcher will continue to write those lively, sensible and informing articles that have excited so much favorable comment. Heretofore, fruit books and articles have been written for the commercial grower, and contained tons of dry matter of no use to the amateur, who wants a few fruit trees and some berries for home The twenty-five special departments of the magazine, which have been of such interest in the past, will be continued during the coming year. The enlargement of the magazine will enable the appearing of more of these each month than heretofore. A partial list of these departments is as follows: unequalled facilities for picture getting. SOME OF THE FEATURES OF 1906 use and doesn’t care particularly for ‘‘Dead Sea Fruit ’’—fair apples, like Ben Davis, with ashes inside, or Kieffer pears, with hearts of wood and stone. THE MAKING OF A LAWN The most elaborate series of articles, with the most surprisingly beautiful and practical pictures, ever published on this subject. INSPIRING ARTICLES ABOUT FLOWERS We are pleased to announce two new series as follows— WATER-LILIES AND WATER GARDENS A comprehensive series by an expert on the botany and culture of water- lilies, who has the gift (rare among experts) of writing so that people can understand and appreciate. WINDOW GARDENING AND HOUSE PLANTS A series of articles that will throw into the shade anything of the kind yet written. Illustrated with all sorts of ingenious little home-made, labor-saving devices, and series of pictures showing just how to pot a plant, make a cutting, kill the destroying insects, etc. ge a The Gardener’s Reminder Vines and Trailers The Vegetable Garden The Water Garden The Lawn Coldframes and Hotbeds Trees and Shrubs The Window Garden The Small Greenhouse The Backyard Garden Roses The Hardy Border Spraying California Department Garden Insects Southern Department The Bulb Department Annual Flowers The Fruit Garden Fertilizers RSE Tyee aap Ee Te RRR ty ae en : Viney ann The two great Spring and Fall Planting Numbers, two of the most important DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East 16TH STREET, NEw York. Enclosed find $1.00 for a year’s subscription to THE GARDEN MaGAzink. Commence with the February issue (which is Number one of Volume 3.) G. M., Jan. 1906. : i garden publications of 1906, are sold on the newsstands for 25 cents each. These and probably athird double 25-cent number are included in a year’s subscription without extra charge. Thus, for one dollar regular subscribers secure twelve copies that would cost $1.50 (or $1.65) if they were purchased separately. THE GARDEN COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE IN AMERICA WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO NEW YORK JANUARY, 1906 é | ‘HE present is the very nick of time for a magazine of the highest class devoted to Farming. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE This year (1905) broke all records—the American farmer earned six and one-half billion dollars; and “ every sunset,” as the Secretary of Agriculture reported, “registered an increased value of over $3,000,000 in American farms.” The American farmer stands alone in the world as a producer. has become a new kind of science. to be called American Farming It will be beautiful. It will be a live, practical magazine covering every interest of the intelligent and progressive American farmers there are enough of these on the six million farms of this country to support such a periodical at $1.00 a year. AMERICAN FarMING will lay special emphasis on the farm home. It will not only help to show how to make a living, but how to get the most satisfaction and happiness from farm life. It will be especially strong on the side of animals: horses, cows, oxen, sheep, swine, poultry, and so on, the live things on the farm, which are after all the most interesting. DEPARTMENTS CONDUCTED BY The Month’s Work The Farm Home Farm Buildings Implements Poultry HOW TO BUY A FARM Legal points and advice. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN SE- LECTING A FARM. Distance from mar- kets, roads, soil, etc. ESTIMATING EXPENSE AND INCOME Expert suggestions for telling in advance if a farm will pay. Things the average farmer omits from his balance sheet. CLEARING NEW LAND How to do so most effectively, and the cost. A FAILURE AND A SUCCESS IN VIRGINIA An actual record of experience on $8-an-acre land. HOW A THEORIST TURNED PRACTICAL FARMER. A professor’s experience. To Tue Garpen Macazine Reapers :—// you will send us two new subscriptions to “ The Garden Maga- zine” we will put your name on the list for “American Farming” one year free, AMERICAN FARMING will be the fourth magazine Doubleday, Page & Company have started. the early issues have sold at a high premium. We shall use to the fullest extent the modern resources of photography, fine paper, and beautiful half-tones which have made our other three magazines notable. convinced, is not ‘‘too good for the farmer.” We announce for this new farmer a new illustrated magazine of a new kinc The best, we are and we are sure Dairying Com Stock Raising Hay Insect Pests Farm Law Farm Animals Bees Cereals Cotton Tobacco Fruits Vegetables THE A BC OF FARMING Short articles, summing up the cardinal points. HOW SOME FARMERS ABUSE THE SOIL SOME COMMON FARMING ERRORS WASTED OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROFIT PUBLIC LANDS STILL OPEN AND HOW TO GET THEM IS AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION PRAC- TICAL? Articles for and against the systems of State College, etc. THE FARMER AS A BUSINESS MAN A business problem—keeping accounts—a sink- ing fund to pay off mortgages. SOLVING THE LABOR PROBLEM What is done in various sections to get labor at the time it is needed—the most acute problem the farmer faces. EXPERIENCES AS A FARMHAND SPECIAL NOTICE one year to Invari- Begin with Number One and send your $1.00 NOW. Use the accompanying subscription blank. t 1 1 t t t 1 ably the first numbers have gone “out of print,” and | I i] 1 I He is, in fact, a new kind of man, and farming Address co) ) An Illustrated Home Magazine Devoted to the Growing Things on the Farm Living and It will emphasize the personal side: a whole series of articles, for instance, will describe men in every section who have succeeded, and will show just how they did it. Farming as practised on the great farms of the West and North- west will be adequately treated for the first time. will be paid to the crops and products of different sections. While thoroughly up-to-date in theory, and using to the full the knowledge gained by the scientists, it will be eminently practical. All sorts of successful co-operative enterprises will be covered elaborately—schools, roads, irrigation, systems of storing and mar- keting, telephones, etc. In a word, with the broadest field and the most inspiring sub- ject there is in America, AMERICAN FarMING will combine beauty and practical helpfulness as does its most successful predecessor, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. Special attention EXPERTS. Wood Lot and Forest Markets and Hauling The Household Co-operative Schemes Uncle Sam’s Helping Hand THE MANAGEMENT OF A FARM A to-acre truck garden. 100 acres in New England. A 10,000-acre wheat ranch, etc. HOW TO BUY HORSES FOR THE FARM SUCCESSFUL FARMERS A series telling just how each man has worked out the special problems of success in his particular locality. IRRIGATION, WEST AND EAST What it will do—how to get it. TELEPHONES FOR THE FARMER AUTOMOBILE LINES FOR HAULING FARM PRODUCE A PLEA FOR THE OLD-TIME HOME INDUSTRIES THAT MAKE THE FARMER INDEPENDENT THE DIFFERENT BREEDS OF HORSES, COWS AND SWINE fe —- S ee HH H — - - -- Cat off here — ee een DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133-137 East 16th Street, New York City. Enclosed find $1.00, for which send AMERICAN FARMING IN Jaleo yee ie, 258 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 ies | Y OUR NEW MAGAZINE AMERICAN FARMING F there ever was a fortunate time for start- ing a new magazine for farmers, this is the moment; for those who till the earth have had a year of prosperity and plenty without precedent. As the Department of Agricul- ture has pointed out, our farmers in 1905 = CET Eek FI Le Our New Magazine earned about $6,500,000,000, and “‘every sun- set registered an increased value of more than $3,000,000 in American farms,” a record that stands unique in all the world. We shall make a magazine of the highest class for farm people of every kind. We have no DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. “**” 133-135-137 East 16th St., New York Enclosed find $1.00 for which send me AMERICAN FarMING beginning Number 1. Name Address TALK: OF- THE : OFFICE: “To business that we love we rise betime And go to’t with delight.”—A xtony and Cleopatra. intention of following the well-worn track of present agricultural periodicals, which are both excellent and extremely numerous. We shall not undertake to fill their field; but there is a great opportunity for a magazine that shall be illustrated and printed as beau- tifully as Country Life in America and THE GARDEN MaGazine. The highest authorities will write for it, but they will write practical, common-sense articles that appeal to the intelligent farmer. We hope to begin this magazine next month. If you are a farmer, or are interested in farming, clip coupon at the bottom of this page and send us $1. We will return it if the magazine is not as good as you hoped and expected it to be. ROUNDING OUT THE FIRST YEAR With this number the first year of THE GARDEN MacazIne ends. If it has not been as good a magazine as it will be during the second year, it has, at all events, made a place for itself which has been recognised by a great many thousand readers; and it has been a financial success from the very first issue. It is a magazine of a distinct class, and we shall keep it at the head of its class by putting into it the ‘“‘sinews of war” which are supplied by its readers and by its advertisers. BOUND VOLUMES We are yet able to supply complete bound volumes of the first six months, and the bound form of Volume II., with index, title pages, etc., is about ready. If our readers desire to have their volumes bound in their own towns, we will furnish indexes and title pages free of cost; or we will bind their numbers for 75 cents if the numbers are sent to us in good condition express paid. “COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA” AND “THE COUNTRY CALENDAR ”’ The January number of Country Life in America is the first issue of a new era because it is the first number issued since the consoli- dation with The Country Calendar. The pages of text have been increased, a new feature, the inside of the country house, has been added to its contents, and a number of improvements of other kinds are now carried into effect since the magazine is permanently | —————— enlarged. The January number will be sold on the news-stands for 35 cents, and the sub- scription price is raised to $4 a year; but any reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who will send us $3 for a year’s subscription to Country Life in America may have it at that price if the money reaches us before January 31st. oH a se aa ress January Cover POSTPONED BOOKS We regret extremely that “‘The Country House,” by Chas. Edw. Hooper, which we ex- pected to publish in December, has been postponed until January, but the book will be a better book. The same is true of the little book “‘ How to Grow Ferns.” THE PRINTERS’ STRIKE On the first of January there will be a strike of the printers. Doubleday, Page & Com- pany have chosen to run their composing room as an “open shop.” ‘This may result in some delay in getting out the February numbers of our magazines, but we trust that our readers will bear with us until normal conditions come again. JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 259 The Garden Magazine PAIN PA RONG, cle) 06 ChOENMIGESNETES: PAGE CovEeR DESIGN—THE PIERSON FERN . THE GARDENER’S REMINDER . 2 201 Photograph by N. R. Graves THE CONFESSIONS OF A GARDEN SINNER . 3 3 E : H.G. Taylor 262 Photographs by the Author A COMPLETE GARDEN FOR A FAMILY ORY STIX 2 S Weand J. TE. . Scott 2605 A GARDEN FOR THREE : : W. F. Fairbrother 268 Photographs by the Author A WINTER CAMPAIGN AGAINST SCALE INSECTS : 2 Eon elt ani270 Photographs by the Author GARDEN WONDERS IN A 25 x 35 I WINIRID) : Relea Ga abor. Vara Sketches by the Author QUALITY QUINCES FOR THE BACK YARD : : S. W. Fletcher 273 Photographs by the Author and Horticultural Department Cornell University CAMDEN >! j amareeeeees Y fe _ INDOOR FERNS FOR WINTER. z a4 : G. A. Woolson 276 Photographs by the Author HARDY WATER LILIes WortH KNOW- ; L = nd ING (Article VI in ‘Little Mono- (JACKSON VILLE 2 graphs” series) . Henry A. Conard 279 Tees a | Photographs by N. R. Graves and others SEAB ARD FLORI TWELVE-OUNCE PEACHES GROWN LIMITED UNDER GLASS A magnificent electric-lighted, all Pullman rainy commencing January 8th, 1906, will Sow VEGETABLES Now FOR FEBRU- < make quickest time ARY AND Marco EATING. . 282 e Yo 2 )/ ORLANDOR New York to Florida 3 Be ea z 5 Fs: THE SOUTHERNER’S REMINDER =) 282 SLR " Leaves New York, 12.25 noon every day. e s : Arnives St. Augustine, 2.10 P.M. next day. OTHER GARDEN PROBLEMS THAT [sSARASOTA NEED SOLVING . : rs 5 Bow ST.AUGUSTINE Wm. Scott 282 NORTHERN OFFICES = Two other high-class trains for Pinehurst, ey i i ue New York, 1183 Broadway : |, Camden, Tampa and the Manatee section and Bic CROPS ON OLD Cu RRANT BUSHES, Boston, 360 Washington St. : = ie all resorts of The Carolinas and Florida. | AFTER YEARS OF NEGLECT _ Philadelphia, 1429 Chestnut St. ¢ Biren Mipmetenioe Helen R. Albee 284 Baltimore, Continental Trust oY | A direct line to Atlanta, Birmingham and Photographs by the Author Bldg. : . J the Southwest. : : Washington, 1421 Pennsylvania : : 6 ary eT Ae! : CoRN TRANSPLANTED WHEN TWENTY ee ees W : ; ice-President. : 3 Pittsburg, 503 Park Bldg. i See eee NIRS A CALIFORNIA Cactus GARDEN i : | Ernest Braunton 288 THe MARGUERITE OR PARIS DAISY Ernest Braunton 292 ANSWERS TO QUERIES . ; 204 Homespun Philosophy A Word to the Wise \\| ¥eStaxve Servs... 204 OMlanchi asi oulhavenct ; PERSONAL EXPERIENCES . N - 296 al l a Al a FOR literary POWwer such as ) 7} | Quinces WorTH GROWING. : aughed in a long Kipling showed in short S.W. Fletcher 2096 5 F : Weare, get OPIE READ’s Old stories, cf.G.B. LANCASTER’S WHitE Trumpets A Foot Lone . Lim Jucklin. ($1.50) Sons 0’ Men. ($1.50) Hugo Erichsen 298 uae TrENetcne Gs) macwoniie eae @ orm ue THE WORLDS WILHELM MILLER, Editor DOVBLEDAY PAGE ® CO NEW YORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE sO NEW YORK Copyright, 1905, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY. Entered as second-class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879. 260 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 ReTi{ 0.55 SSNS | | | I | "ql ie TH | Ligne "0! ii WA V : ee y SS Jn. 4 ‘1 Wea Wh WN \\'! ¥ —) N all departments of the arts and sciences the oldest devotees are the most perfect in their profession. €@ The subtle knowledge that comes of a life-long experience is intensified in the making of Chickering Pianos. « The founder of this house began in 1823, more than eighty-one years ago, to make the pianos that bear his name. €@ Always famous for the excellence of their tone, they are to-day the unquestioned superiors of all others. @ Catalogue upon request. We would especially call attention to the ‘‘Quarter (4%) Grand ”’ the smallest Grand embodying modern principles ever made. CHICKERING & SONS, 827 Tremont Street, Fenway Station, BOSTON Established 1823 Mite (sarden Magazine Vo. II.—No. 6 PUBLISHED MONTHLY (NoTE.—For Table of Contents of this month’s number see page 259.1 How to Have a Better Garden OU can have a better garden than ever before by following this page every month. It mentions only the important things. No items will be repeated. Hundreds of beginners followed these directions last year and have had success. No matter how good a garden you had last year, you can have a better one this year. There is only one sure way: Plan it in January as thoroughly as you would plan a house. THE ‘‘FUN’’ OF PLANNING Don’t say it’s “work” to plan. It isn’t if you approach it in the right spirit. Re- solve to have a merry time of it, come what may. Wholly aside from the practical benefits of planning, you are entitled to the pleasures of anticipation. They are half the fun in gardening, and the way to get the keenest pleasure is to exercise foresight. The articles in this number only tell the fruits of foresight, but read between the lines and you will see the joys of planning. The pleasures of a shiftless garden are great, but the joys of a well-planned garden are greater. IF YOU DON’T PLAN You will have too much of a few important things and not enough of others. You will have nothing new to pique your appetite and delight your guests. You will spend more time, money and effort and get less results. THE HOME GARDEN NEVER PAYS That is, not in dollars and cents, if you count your time worth as much as the market gardener’s. It is on too small a scale. A man ought to be ashamed of himself if he cannot sell his time for better pay than that. The whole point of a kitchen garden is this: You get better things than money can buy—fresher vegetables, better kinds. ANU ARYS, 1906 As to freshness, the home gardener can beat the grocer every time. Any beginner can do it. But the better kinds—the varieties that stand for quality, not for ability to ship round the world and last forever—that’s where study and planning come in. And that’s what THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is for—quality, not the market-gardener’s interests. Devote five evenings to planning, and the vegetable garden may pay you a dollar an hour for the time so spent. HOW TO PLAN Send postal cards to all the seedsmen whose advertisements attract you. Get their catalogues. Measure accurately the length and breadth of your kitchen garden. Draw a diagram of it to scale. Then decide which way to run the rows. The article in February, 1905, page 12, will help you. Decide how much space you can give to the things that require lots of room—corn, potatoes, cabbages, and vines of the cucum- ber family. Then make a line for every single row of vegetables and name each crop. For quanti- { ONE DOLLAR A YEAR (TEN CENTS A Copy ties and distances see April, page 132, ard the planting tables on page rio. Then plan your succession crops and put the name of each on the plan, in parenthesis, after the crop it is to follow. The article on “Three Crops from the Same Ground,” July, page 284, will show you. A COURSE OF READING There are three important subjects we all need to study every year— fertilizers, spraying, and varieties that stand for quality. If you have the bound volume of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE you might spend three evenings as follows: 1. Consult ‘‘fertilizers”’ in the index, read those articles, and decide what you will do. 2. On insects, diseases and spraying read Volume I, pages 22, 32 and 68. 3. On “quality” varieties read Volume I, page 183. IF YOU WANT THE BEST You should have a hotbed and a coldframe, so that you can have fresh vegetables in April and May. Therefore read pages 30 and 58. Also you should have the best tools. There- fore read “Gardening Without Backache,” page 28. For the best small fruits for the home garden see page 106. Planning the garden I The first year’s garden was a geometrical horror, with obtrusive clothes posts and an ugly board fence that ruined plants near it by shading them The outlook to-day: Flowers in abundance, the clothes posts things of beauty, the open fence letting in air and light The Confessions of a Garden Sinner—By H. G. Taylor *, SOME ATROCITIES I PERPETRATED IN MY SUBURBAN BACK YARD SEVEN YEARS AGO—HOW GEOMET- RICAL HORRORS HAVE GIVEN WAY TO LAWN, SHORT-LIVED ANNUALS TO HARDY FLOWERS, AND CLOTHES POSTS TO PILLARED VINES— HOW I ‘“‘OWN”’ THE LANDSCAPE INSTEAD OF LIVING IN A BOX (@ os back yard is just an ordinary subur- ban yard, about 50 x 75 feet, and this is _ all that can be said of it. Seven years ago it was graded and our first plan for its im- provement made. Several flower beds were laid out in a weak formal design and edged with sod. They were surrounded by walks covered with macadam top-dressing, giving a clean, dry surface. In front of the rear fence was a trellis for sweet peas. It all looked very pretty, but it was only the beginning of a garden. After the first year this board fence was condemned, the boards knocked down, and wire stretched across the old frame. Vines trained over this gave a beautiful bit of greenery and better still allowed the air to come inside the garden. Other changes were gradually made, and the present-day practical garden is a direct growth from the original terror. At first we had mignonette, lettuce, asters, Swiss chard, etc., all together. The seeds were sown in rows and the soil loosely raked over, with the result that many were hope- lessly buried, and most of those that remained near the surface were dried up as soon as they sprouted, for we had ignorantly let the seed bed dry out. The vegetables were about the only things that came up, the flower space being for the most part occupied by labels only. But there was one glorious exception—the sweet peas made a great growth and, although they did not bloom because of having too much shade, we felt encouraged. The next few seasons were also devoted to learning by experience, the idea being to grow all that was possible from the seed as we wanted the garden to be our own. Success was reached by using boxes filled with light, sifted earth, the seeds being covered to about four times their diameter and the surface pressed firm with a block of wood. Photographs by the author These boxes were placed where the sun did not shine upon them until late afternoon, and the earth was never allowed to dry out. A LESSON IN SWEET-PEA CULTURE This important lesson was early learned— that water on the surface does not necessarily The-evolution of aclothes post. Now a part of the pergola and draped with Japanese clematis (in fruit) 262 mean water at the roots. In spite of daily waterings the sweet peas seemed to be drying up, and upon digging it was found that the water did not penetrate more than two inches, and was rotting the stalk while the roots were not supplied. A remedy was found in bank- ing the earth so as to make a trough, into which were emptied several pailfuls of water about twice a week during the dry weather. By shearing off the vines about level with the top of the trellis, side shoots were thrown out and the blooming season much prolonged. ASTERS GROWN WITH WOOD ASHES After losing one year’s flowers we grew the late varieties, to beat the aster beetle. These flower when the insect has about run its course. Then, of course the mysterious disease fell on our garden—the plants turned yellow and died—until from somewhere came a hint about wood ashes applied around the collar. It worked like a charm, and if it is done every two or three weeks during the season there will be no trouble. THE CLOTHES POSTS BECOME THINGS OF BEAUTY Long ago, when we only dreamed of a garden, we had set our hearts upon certain ideals. Our garden was to have an arch, a column and a pergola, and we were able to construct something to call by each of these names, using mostly such material as was at hand. The clothes posts being with us to stay, we tried to utilize them to advantage. We had done with rigid formality, and to introduce a break the two posts nearer the house were moved further apart and out of line while the other two were brought nearer to each other. Each was encased in extra heavy chicken wire, and provided at the top with a hook and cleat fastened by bolts going JANUARY, 1906 hedge on one side and form the background to the border of perennials through the post. At the base of the first post are three everblooming honeysuckles (Lonicera Heckrotti). The first year the buds of this vine were a mass of little green bugs which neither liquid nor powder would lall. The following March the vine was sprayed with kerosene soap, which seemed to be a successful treatment, as there have been no insects since that first attack. The second post was placed five feet from a flower bed and an additional support set in the bed; both were then connected by an arch made of iron such as would be used for wagon tires. The ends were fastened to the posts by bolts, and crosspieces of light iron riveted about eighteen inches apart, to support chicken wire one foot wide. The remaining posts were made to form a small pergola, and connected by irons as before to posts in a parallel bed. In this case the iron strips are supplemented by a bar of angle-iron along the top, to prevent sagging under the weight of the wooden crosspieces. Japanese clematis (Clematis paniculata) crows around all these posts, and I have found it best to plant at least two roots at the base of each, in February trimming one vine back to the top of the post and cutting off the othcr at the ground level. In this way the taller plant starts, soon covers the top, and the lower ‘plant clothes the post where the stalks“of the other are comparatively bare. GRADUATED FROM ANNUALS TO PERENNIALS The transition from beds of temporary annuals to borders of permanent perennials was a great step of progress. Yet it arrived slowly. Now, however, the border of hardy perennials is practically continuous on three sides of the back yard. The plan for this is carefully studied and worked out on paper. The whole space is plotted into beds of about twenty feet in length, and each space considered separately with ref- erence to the color scheme and succession. The general effect of the whole border is that it is always in flower. Plants that become unsightly after flowering are ar- ranged so that others of later bloom will hide them, as, for instance, a clump of phlox in front of Oriental poppies. It is always replanning and replanting here, for each season reveals possibilities of improve- ment. Tree peonies did far better when moved from the border to a bed along the south side of the house; Japanese anemone Queen Charlotte did not prove satisfactory until planted in a bed well raised and under an apple tree, where it was protected from early frost; Shasta daisies did not thrive until moved for the third time, but last season gave a-tremendous bloom in the full sun, being aided by liquid manure. German and Japanese irises were placed in the same bed in partial shade. The former did well, but the Japanese was a disappoint- ment. Therefore a sunken bed was made in a more open situation, spading in old manure to a depth of about two feet, and the plants have responded accordingly. This bed is two inches lower than the lawn, and the surrounding sod is raised about four inches. We use the hose liberally here from April through the blooming period, and give applications of manure water about once a week. Delphiniums it was found needed plenty of sun and a well-raised bed. Only one plant was lost by crown rot, for during the wet spells in summer, when the plants begin to “damp 263 off,” we have been able to stop the disease by soaking well with lime water and sprinkling a little lime on the ground. A dozen standard hydrangeas (H. panicu- lata, var. grandiflora), planted five feet apart along the north fence, has formed an excellent background for the north border. We were fortunate in being able to secure them in large plants from the breaking up of a famous old garden elsewhere—a dozen of uniform size and form—and they give a finished appear- ance to the seven-year-old yard that makes it the wonder and envy of gardening visitors. NEW USES FOR SAND For bulbs in the mixed border white sand has a very particular service, quite distinct from its use to the young roots. It never cakes, and when digging its color warns one if too near a bulb. Its cost is infinitesimal, as a sack can be had from the grocer for almost nothing, and that quantity goes a long way. We not only set all our lily and other bulbs in this white sand, but in the fall a little of the earth is removed from the crowns of such plants as larkspur, foxglove, columbine and hollyhocks and replaced with the sand. In the spring the crowns are fresh and clean, and the sand prevents trouble from baked or saggy soil during the following summer. In the spring the manure which has been between the plants in winter is spread over the surface as a mulch, being sprinkled with wood ashes to insure against cut-worms. We failed to do this one season, and during a dry period in April the worms played havoc with the young shoots in the phlox bed. Liquid manure, a really necessary part of one’s garden equipment, is sometimes omitted from the amateur gardener’s accessories because it is thought bothersome to prepare or its storage presents difficulties. I can sympathize with my brothers, for have I not been through the throes? At first we used a small sunken barrel as a receptacle, but later replaced it with a forty-five-gallon ash How success was attained in growing the water-loving Japanese iris (J. lacbigata, Known to the trade as f, Kaempferi). A slightly sunken bed in a sunny position and plenty of water all summer Transient annuals soon gave way to permanent perennials. Sweet Williams border the pergola of which the clothes posts are a part can, the can with cover costing $3.25. A five- pound package of sheep manure placed in this barrel filled with water makes a mixture of the proper strength for a safe fertilizer. Let it steep a day or two before using. After the can is half emptied there will be enough virtue left in the sediment at the bottom to warrant filling again with water before adding more manure. The first year that we raised hardy peren- nials from seeds autumn found us without THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The foxgloves and definite plan for the protection ,of the little plants. Having no coldframes we covered the seedlings with leaves and litter, with the result that the ground did not freeze and the plants were all smothered. Early in the following fall any young plants to be carried over were shifted to a raised bed and when cold weather set in they were covered with a strip of chicken wire on sticks about three inches above the plants. Over this was placed two inches of straw, with a few dried 1906 JANUARY, NP ili ute The receptacle for liquid plant food which is so often an eyesore was made unobjectionable by sinKing an iron ash-can which could be covered plant stalks to keep it loose and allow circu- lation. We banked the sides with leaves, the wire being bent at the edges to keep them from the plants. Here we _ successfully carried over our entire family of seedlings. Not one of the plants died, and they all re- tained their foliage all winter. My garden may be a “‘poor thing,”’ but it is “mine own.” No hand other than mine has dug in it after the first heavy labor was finished. ‘Two clothes posts moved closer together and covered with vines formed the basis of a pergola. A galvanized-iron hook and cleat for the clothes line cost fifty cents A Complete Garden for a Family of Six BY TWO PROFESSIONAL GARDENERS. A VEGETABLES, AND FLOWERS WITH A MINIMUM OF LABOR AND EXPENSE BEAUTY—A PLAN FOR ONE ACRE, AND HOW TO ADAPT IT PRACTICAL SCHEME FOR RAISING TO A HALF OR QUARTER OF PLENTY OF FRUITS, A MAXIMUM OF AN ACRE AND [Epvitoriat Norr.—By reason cf the facts above stated, this plan seems to us the best we have ever seen, and to show our sincerity we offer a prize of fifty dollars for a better plan and article, to be published a year from now. after an experience of twenty-five years. N THE accompanying sketch (which is planned for 200 feet square, or almost one acre) we have endeavored to give as concise and complete a scheme as possible to supply a family of six grown persons with fruit, flowers and vegetables throughout the entire season, providing also for a well-filled fruit room and vegetable cellar all winter, and plenty of material for canning purposes. The ideal conditions for a garden are these: The situation well sheltered from the north and northwest winds, and_ sloping gently toward the south. The warmth and protection will advance the season by at least two weeks, and there will be no need of artificial drainage. Twenty-five team loads of well-rotted manure is the minimum quantity for one acre. Spread this evenly over the whole area and plough it under as deeply as possible. A man with a pair of horses should plow and harrow this in one day. After harrowing stake out the roads, dividing the garden into four equal parts. Use a strong line or straight- edge, and get the sides perfectly even and straight. The roads should be at least eight feet wide. Narrow paths not only look bad but they also hamper all subsequent opera- tions. Now grade off the ground at each side of the roads until a perfect level or even slope, as the case may be, is made. ‘This done, it is an easy matter to grade the rest of your ground to them. Having got the grades and lev els, it is time to make the edging. There is room for individual fancy here. It may be a six- or eight-inch board one inch wide and fastened securely to 2x 4-inch posts, driven firmly into the ground to within two inches of the top; fancy tile, or ordinary brick, set on end, leaving two inches above ground; long pointed Sigs, put down in the same manner; the evergreen boxwood (Buus sempervirens) may be planted; cr sod cut from old-estab- lished pasture lots may be laid. Sod for this purpose should be twelve inches wide, and it must be perfectly straight on both oe It is a cheap edging, and looks as well 2 any, but entails a good deal of work nae the summer in keeping it cut. Now for the road: Dig out the top soil te the depth of twelve or fifteen inches, carting it to fill in any hollow places, or spread it evenly over the surface to increase the depth of the garden soil. Gather up all stones that are larger than hen’s eggs and spread them ev: enly over the bottom “of the road bed. It is unlikely that enough stones will be found to complete the bed, but coal ashes can be used instead. Fill up this to within an inch and a half cf the top and The new plan must actually be tested this year as to its main features. all substantial respects, what is done in the garden of Mr. Joseph Eastman, Tarrytown, whose estate superintendent, Mr. William Scott, has supplied the quantities The design and text are furnished by Mr. James T. Scott.| finish off with gravel or pulverized blue stone, voll down thoroughly, and you will have a permanent road that will be both hard and dry. If a hedge is planted on the east, north and west sides it will certainly add to the picturesque effect of the garden. Select California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium), Japan barberry (Berberis Thunhergi), or hemlock (7’suga Canadensis). ‘The barberry and privet bushes should be planted fifteen inches apart, requiring 450 in all. Strong plants of privet will cost from $6.00 to $10.00 a hundred, and barberry that will look like anything will cost $25.00 a hundred. Hem- lock makes a beautiful evergreen hedge, and planted eighteen inches apart will require 385 plants. Well- grown hemlocks, bushy plants two to two and one-half feet high, will cost $50.00 a hundred. At the ends of the roads that lead to the north, east and west sides, and on a line with the hedge, are arches covered with climbing roses. Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Perkins, Lady Gay or Clematis paniculata will add considerably to the genera! effect. Around the garden, but inside the hedge line, so as to shade the garden as little as possible, plant fruit trees. The apple trees, being the largest growing and requiring most room, should be planted at the north end. Eight trees will yield an abundance of fruit for summer and fall use, as well as plenty to store away for winter. When buying plums secure extra large trees; it pays. The price is from fifty to seventy-five cents each. It is better to buy small peach trees, which can be purchased for twenty-five cents each or even less. In a table further on in. this article the seasons of harvesting the crops are indicated. The fifty-foot-wide border on which these fruit trees are planted may be cultivated during the first few years, and small-growing, short-season vegetables, such as lettuce, radishes, etc., can be planted between the trees. It would add much to appearances, however, if lawn-grass mixture was sown here and the surface kept mown. Of course it would be necessary to cultivate a small space around each tree, and also a ae about one foot wide along the hedge. If the grass is allowed to grow close up to either of them damage is likely to result from the use of the lawn mower, and again there is the large question of whether there should be grass at all. The plot marked No. 1 on the plan is devoted to small fruits and permanent roots, and has the lines running east and west. ‘Twenty-five feet distant from the hedge (thus leaving ample room for the 268 “Tdeal” plans will not do. The planting suggestions represent, in given below, development of the apple trees) is a row of grapes. The twelve vines are planted six feet apart and are to be trained on a trellis. Two-year-old grape plants cost twenty-five cents each. Six feet from the grapes plant one row of blackberries, allowing three feet between the plants. These plants may be secured at seventy-five cents a dezen. The next row, still six feet distant, is for rasp- berries, allowing two and a half feet between the plants. These cost a dollar and a half a dozen. Next come red currants and gcose- berries, the currants costing one dollar a dozen and the gooseberries two and a half dollars a dozen... Rhubarb and horseradish are planted in the small-fruit section, because they are permanent plants and must not be moved every year. They occupy the next row, leaving room for five lines of asparagus (three feet between the lines and two feet between the plants in the lines). Extra strong four-year-old asparagus roots cost about three and a half dollars per hundred. Six lines of strawberries complete the fruit patch. Allow two and a half feet between the rows and eighteen inches between the plants in the rows. This is the only part of the plot in which rotation of crops is followed, potatces and strawberries alternating. Plots IL., III. and IV. are devoted to vegetables and are to follow a sort of rotation. For instance, next year plant the various crops in the same relation to each other, but plot number III. becomes number II., plot number IV. becomes number III., and plot number II. becomes number IV. When the strawberry bed made on plot I. is to be renewed potatoes may be put in its place, the new strawberry patch taking the place of the potatoes in any of the vegetab le plets. On the side of each plot and bordering the road is a five-foot border for flowers—a small pathway, one foot wide, is allowed at the back of each border. This will be found a convenience for great working the various plots. It should be used for all necessary traffic, and will prevent trampling and dis- figuring the border by continual crossing and recrossing. This path should be properly made. Measure five feet from the path at each end of the plot, stretching the garden line from point to point, and with a spade or flat shovel dig a small trench three inches deep and twelve inches. wide, scattering the soil evenly over the vegetable plot. By having the walk a little lower than the sur- rounding ground it will not be obtrusive, and there will be less likelihood of encroaching on either the flower border or the vegetable plot when you have occasion to use the path. The best tables given later indicate the Hh 266 varieties to plant for a succession of crops in the order indicated. Certainly they are not the most useful spots in the garden, but they are the prettiest, and merit as much care and planning as the more utilitarian divisions. We must have roses, and there is no other thing in the entire garden that will respond better to good treatment. If the soil is of a light friable nature take away some of ‘it, replacing by several inches of heavy turfy loam and well- decayed manure well mixed; old manure from the cow barn is preferred. Three team loads will be none too much for the rose STta Tf Gea mA sie Apple Gio Trees Spec? 1 & Grape vine Oo of € Ss £ SFG Eee eS % Blackberries GBXHHY Peele ovsavsse ES Haevoee haspherries AROSCCLAHRESH HAPS DEFT SOHESLALHDS fted Currants Bueeeeus > GS & Gooseberries exe©eeeare Paeonies, lris &e. fe) ASS. wre Veocetahles Lines running North South SP ny laa oS Hlerbaceous plants — Border of summer f lowers SOUTH THE GARDEN MAGAZINE but the variety of peonies and irises is so great and so beautiful, that it is our only excuse. The border will hold three rows, the peonies at the back. They should all be planted two feet apart in the rows. Dahlias are becoming more and more popular for late summer and early fall flowers. Give them abundance of water and there will not be another spot in the whole garden during the autumn months that will give such pleasure. Three rows can also be planted in this border, but the plants must be four feet apart in the rows, the middle row alternating with the others. Altogether S] [Oo RR, Se Se COR PN AB RR NTS DIO ROGUES or Pa was Se oe rae Wg A pete a Trees teas 3 aN ages oe ALdayg sas0y Apuvny Vecetables Lines running Verth % Sou ty S204 an &> Worth *y South Syuv7i7d snoasvg4apLy Sa ESS Vegetables Zines runnin, D oS zy ars ea ; See i ee : Border of summer f towers Seale 1, to 407 The area of this garden is approximately one acre, being 200 feet square. Itis planned to provide all that a family of six persons can use of fruits, flowers and vegetables. Nothing would have to be bought. Plot No. lis in permanent crops; plots Nos. 2,3 and 4 are for vegetables in rotation. One man can comfortably look after such a garden border. There is room for one hundred and fifty plants in three rows, with the plants eighteen inches apart in the rows. Some people may think this is too little room, but since there are only three rows and the plants can be conveniently reached it will be ample. The hybrid perpetuals will cost fifty cents each, and the others (except Mildred Grant, which is seventy-five cents) will cost thirty-five. Plant the hybrid per- petuals at the back, Maman Cochet and Gruss an Teplitz in the front row, using the others to fill out the front and middle rows. The border opposite the roses is recommended for peonies and iris. It seems a large space, about five dozen plants can be accommo- dated, costing approximately, in small pots in the spring, $3.50 a dozen. The border opposite the dahlias may be devoted to gladioli, tuberoses, montbretias and various bulbs; also to stocks, asters, zinnias, marigolds, balsams, celosia, and such things as are raised from seed in the hotbed or in boxes in the window in early spring and planted outdoors about May 20th, when danger from frost is over. These subjects are all useful for cutting and come into flower after the peonies and iris are gone, and before the dahlias are ready to cut. The space allotted will accommodate four JANUARY, 1906 rows, the plants twelve inches apart in the rows. There are two borders devoted to annuals. A row of pansies along the front of each, planted out before Easter, will brighten them until such time as the other occupants are large enough to make a display. Everything else for the border can be sown there directly after May 1st, except sweet peas which can be sown in April in clumps along the back. Nearly all the best kinds can be bought for five cents a packet. The variety of flowering plants from which a selection can be made to fill the herbaceous border is so great that an enumeration of the possibilities would be nearly a reproduction of a seed and plant catalogue. Of course there are certain principles that should be followed. It is better to sow thinly in irregu- lar patches rather than in straight or in any evenly spaced design. The taller growing plants will be placed at the back, with a foreground of very low-growing kinds. For five cents a packet everything that is really necessary for the annual border can be purchased, and the total cost for the entire space allotted need not be more than two dollars. In the herbaceous borders there is a greater opportunity for individual taste and ex- pression. There is a great deal to be said in favor of the herbaceous border as compared with the annual border, because once planted it is a permanent feature and becomes richer in its effect year by year. The soil should be well prepared and the space allotted will accommodate four rows of plants. Of course these are not to be set in rigid lines but grouped in masses, allowing about four or five plants, according to vigor of growth, from the front to the back of the border. Such plants as phloxes, asters, monk’s-hood, larkspur and rudbeckia are desirable here. Next to the back row, one and a half feet from it, the plants alternating and also three feet apart, plant such things as Japanese anemones, chrysanthemums and lilies. Eigh- teen inches in front of this row, two feet apart in the line, plant phloxes, hybrids of maculata and paniculata. There are over fifty varieties of them in use, and they succeed one another in bloom all summer. You can also plant such things as Canterbury bells, coreopsis and foxglove. In the front line, six inches from the edging and one foot between the plants, such early flowering bulbs should be used as snowdrops, crocuses, irises and tulips, and the low-grow- ing phloxes. On an average the plants in this border can be purchased for one and a half dollars a dozen. On the border running along the southern end of the garden a display of bedding plants can be made, the two sides different. In the centre where the roads meet a sundial could be placed, or a barrel sunk to the level of the ground would furnish a water-lily garden. As to the labor of working this one-acre garden: It could be well kept by one man, who could also do the necessary chores for the house, mow the lawn and look after a horse or cow. JANUARY, 1906 1. Reduction by one-eighth.—Omit the fruit trees on the three sides and the border of summer flowering plants at the southern end. (This also means the doing away with the grass border that surrounds the garden.) The fruit trees might be massed in some other place, and the flowering plants used in beds elsewhere. 2. The one-half acre-—Cut the plan in two. Reduce the paths to six feet, and use only one-half the quantities enumerated. Peas and beans would be reduced to a minimum, so the potatoes, rhubarb and horse- radish had better be dispensed with and their place given to peas and beans. Then use the quantities of these recommended for the one acre. 3. The one-third acre-—On a square lot, divide the space allowed for vegetables (say 120X120 feet) into three lots, do away with the cross-walks and have a two-foot path all around. The vegetables could then be grown in the same quantities as on the acre plot. 4. The 60x 60-foot garden.—Reduce the quantities by half, do away with the potatoes as suggested andes heading No. 2, and substitute peas and beans in the acre quan- tities. In all these reduction schemes it is still assumed that the main idea in planning the garden is to maintain a full and constant supply of vegetables all the year around for a family of six persons. Fruit trees for the quarter-acre plot, No. 1 Eight Apples 1 Red Astrachan (August) 1 Baldwin (December) 1 Fall Pippin (September) 1 Winter Greening (January) 1 Monstrous Pippin (October) 1 Roxbury Russet (February) t Northern Spy (November) 1 White Pippin (March) Three Cherries 1 Coe’s Transparent (June) 1 Windsor (July) 1 Downer’s (late) Pears 1 Beurre Gifford (August) 1 Beurre Clairgeau (Nov.) 1 Bartlett (September) 1 Easter Beurre (Winter) 1 Louise Bonne de Jersey (October) Twelve Grape Vines 2 Isabella 2 Delaware 2 Duchess 2 Green Mountain 2 Niagara 2. Concord Twenty-four Blackberry Plants 8 Snyder Thirty Raspberry Plants 8 Erie 8 Wilson, Jr. 15 Golden Queen 15 Cuthbert Eight Currants 8 Prolific Twelve Gooseberries 6 Industry 6 Downing Two Hundred Asparagus Plants 100 Palmetto 100 Colossal Three Hundred Strawberry Plants too Marshal 100 Nick Omer 100 Sharpless Six Plum Trees Abundance Imperial Gage Shropshire Hero Burbank Coe’s Golden Drop Reine Claude Horseradish and Rhubarb 12 Rhubarb in single row 4 ft. apart 30 Horseradish in double row 14 ft. apart Peaches and Nectarines Alexander (August) Stump of the World (late) Crawford Early (August) Elruge nectarine (early) Elberta (September) Lord Napier nectarine (late) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Planting list for plot No. 2 No. of Rows Space in Feet 2apolemlimas naysmtectmapaltactienimasslisira eee cir 7 i PEON S. ooacososononoodnoeonuenapooandanpSognnD 2 I CAIRL/ ak aoe aplonda tices ommp aan ocln RBG BIG Oana or On 2 oF CEPI ENU Scop oak cn boguadon ao en UTeTnORceroee 2 WIC RUSauabe don atco doe eh nase nanemn tn it tetra 2 1 IGAS: ve ohe dose ane Coas EDN a AD One roe Ge DAnO Saab 2 Oslates potatoes owetectua partum: err erated asrey-iniers 18 iV CUMING onc eed odbonnnote dane oacooDUHS aNRnnOan 6 5 corn in succession, sown May ist, roth, 30th, 4 feet apart (pumpkins and late squash to be sown betweentrowsiolmconn) heme mcicicio cei ice 20 1 early cabbage (cleared in time to sow one row corn Jjuneothsonen|unerg oth) eseryaset eta) tele) 3 1 early cauliflower (cleared in time to sow one row corn Jjuneyothyonelfune goth) mies .ose sey anilar- oer 3 1 early turnips (cleared in time to sow one row corn june;zothyonesJunemoth) sennsace sy. sieves +c. 2 2 late peas sown April 17th and May st (cleared in time to sow last two rows corn one July 8th, one JfUihy GEN) G co soda cmpaddcomeenuoossonabpnoogoS 8 ARefiall Store WS Mh OSes nscdoanoodsoscspesuendoube 75 Planting list for plot No. 3, beginning west side No. of Rows Space in Feet 2ronlonesetsatitwomleetla parte rvs wacieloisi=i-\wi-re cline 4 Ma beetsm meng. percietsrete kerio es atacrenn veitichine my evepeisice cs 2 it (CAE boaondos denon deonoEEA Dano Gg adoeeneBEOe Ee 2 Aebushebeansis Mirra searaere ats speestielece sien eseustarele aie 3) iio Mob sdodod dodvadobepnosdnoeSASEOheMauaGD 3 DepeasweAsieetia pantewvey rer Vlsie ocetvcharaye yet eeeusicysrcierl al 8 First sowing of spinach to be between the rows of peas MotallfordithesSpnowscmreie racers elicits 22 (This plot will be cleared by July 1st; to be sown in late carrots, rows 2 feet apart.) Ajearly potatoessat 3\ feet apart... scr. sll). sieve isle bebdoncuRGoosnoonAoUe StooeeE 3 i ellialn -cvdosoe dsocooonososanonBadsaneedsn peace 3 Tb ushelimmasee ever erarlsee ee: kein teat siavescnicsacia sysi 3 MRotaletorithepliierowshae rece cereale chiller ae 30 (This plot will be cleared by July 20th, and will ac- — commodate six rows of celery.) DESUccEssLonicabbagesn au ieetors-iyensfrn etshavaefelenyslsisl i=l 6 Tadwartel rhurtycaulitloweraeetseuvesiiert-rls-yeieicielcreraers 3 2 corn, Cory and Minnesota, at 4 feet apart.......... 8 Motaleforthesshrows/ terri crt iordeensievalste ste) stale ls = 17 (Cleared August Ist, to be sown with rutabaga tur- nips.) 1 row muskmelons (will be cleared about August 15th to be sown in winter beets).................... 6 The 25 rows for No. 3 will require............... 75 Planting list for plot No. 4, beginning east side No. of Rows Space in Feet DatOMatOessecmicetcmrr ta wikis clei isi ieee ste as 10 TROL TAR esr seaport satan fetes aera yates is Sle nsee opeut ovens faeate 3 TeNewZealandiispinachts) syclsicrcisiiiolsrers\olesciere scesejeitiews: «6 5 Tewatermel ouster erence err ierireete else evens 5 it Haws? GPAs so roovssogveoneccoosundaaosouNeE 4 DaBrusselsesprouts,y3) feetia partc.rc ete (-jel- 1st = 6 6 onions, 18 inches apart (this onion ground will be cleared by August 2oth, to be sown in Yellow Stone (ANOS {ore Vitis). oadecooasvovadocasuonasouge 8 1 muskmelons (second sowing). (Will be cleared about August 2oth, to be sown in winter spinach).. 8 The next twenty feet should be kept for making suc- cessional sowings of lettuce and radish, beginning about April 6th, and sowing at intervals of fifteen days, as the lettuce and radish are harvested. Three sowings of bush beans should be made from July rst to August Ist, and two rows of endive sown jaboutyAupust roth 5s -)cpis-m- el tenes 21 1 cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts (follow this by last sowing of lettuce)................... 2 1 parsley (sown one foot from border)................ 3 The 17 rows and 20 extra feet require............. 75 267 SEEDS LIST Quantity Price 1 pint Early Mohawk Bush bean................ $0.15 Tin Rustless:Goldens Wax; Dean :...10,0/0 rls o-c csc “18 Tac Ua bwpletip cembeanbrererrstbevateastateleterielstakeialo.c sisters .20 I pint Dreer’s Bush Lima bean................-. 15 lea Dreemsnbole@limanbeanemrra.tccrcritscatc oe “15 1 ‘‘ King of the Garden Pole Lima bean........ «15 AmpoundesEclipsemibeeter ratty sowiasisact erielie sve 10 4 - Edmunds’ Blood Red beet.............. ests ri <>’ dDewing’s Improved, beet) i 2.035. 6. 15 I, package) Brussels) Sprouts. .jejcleievierers ae essere vue @ 10 I si Early Jersey Wakefield hae Ane 10 I re Succession cabbage s ohele)eve) eteleveleio¥e/s) shecelsl oye 10 I oe Premium Flat Dutch cab be APO ats ayers ite) 1 ounce Early Scarlet Horn carrot ............. 10 2 ‘* Danvers Half-long carrot................ .20 + pound Long Orange Improved carrot............ 125 1 package Snowball cauliflower.................- 25 I ‘ Dwarf Erfurt cauliflower.:...........- 15 I ie WihitesePlumes celery tyivasycucspenteyelstecscsrole fo) Lara GoldenvDywarkiceleryieris 1. ars ci -islscsleresers +10 I oy Crawford’s Half Dwarf celery......... 10 TpintwwarlysCOKyy SWECERCODM eyocc\s\-\e)efals-+! siz viejeieeiejer= oils 1‘ Early Minnesota sweet corn................ 15 1 su Moore’s'Concord sweet (COLD .)./..0;-\se'-:e1-!s;0\6'6 215 I quart Country Gentleman sweet ccrn.......... 25 1 package White Spine cucumber.............-.. 05 I oe Cool-and-crisp cucumber.............. 05 I ““ New York Spineless eggplant.......... .05 I Hs Green Curled endive.................. .05 I is Broad-leaved Batavian endive.......... .05 1 ounce Early White Vienna kohlrabi .............. .20 1 package Musselburgh leek...............--.4-- 05 I a Bostone Marketi lettuce).2:--\-cisierscici's ore he 205 TeOUNCesDeaconilettucely ac vel ceyserssscioleteloscisishesessiaser> Eee) 1 ‘‘ Emerald Green muskmelon............... 1S 1 ‘* Millar’s Cream muskmelon............... 15 1 ‘* Mountain Sweet watermelon.............. +15 2 ‘* Southport White Globe onion............ .20 2 ‘* Yellow Globe Danvers onion............ .20 1 ‘* Red Wethersfield onion: ............ MLO Tuquartuwhitelonion:sets\:rj. cia ei-teiein elsieies s\eyein sie e ie .20 Ipackapel Whiten Velvet\: Okcra\iy. 02-1 eis, <10)= siavetern si mias0 dels 4 pound Long Smooth parsnips............. 15 1 ounce Extra Curled parsley....... 10 aapintseMinstOMmAll peas ca. vretoteeatsrsuetsfoitisre« 30 Bate eG rAd usipeasieeyey-raestyenstersreroree 50 6 American Champion peas........... -40 I package Sweet Mountain pepper....... wines 05 I County Bair pepper. scr. ase: Aten 05 Tbushell/Bovee \potatoes sys. cc aisieaicrs's Y I i Carman, No. 3 potatoes ............ aif 5:52 4 pound Large Cheese pumpkin Seats Sethe. e MASS 15 4 Early Scarlet Turnip radish.............. 15 4 “* — White-Tipped Scarlet Turnip radish. ..... 15 eee Sand wichslslandysal sifypes)- tiesto sto a eRKS Io pene ong stan dingyspinachiie.se ts vane stare cease 15 Jiri eNews Zealanduspinachista.lricisie-1o: dernt rs AS I package Summer Crookneck squash............. .05 I Vegetable Marrow squash.............. 05 I if Boston Marrow squash................ Rel I oe Barlianastomatoestsee eer scniertete: 105 I es Acme ntomatoese jes -iises orients eisioierers eit 05 I we New Stone tomatoes.............-.-.. 05 1 ounce Early Purple Top Milan turnip............ «10 Tene mA hitee lp patuLmi plans gesetelatetassee eye laie erkLoieiels -10 1 ‘* Purple Top White Globe turnip............ 10 Teese Wellows Stone turn p/aeya yale epee ereieterel svete) are +10 + pound Laing’s Improved rutabaga.............. 15 , packets herbs (sage, thyme and savory)........... 15 Cost of seeds for one acre.........-.-.-.--- $16.90 All the above are old, well-tried varieties that are sure to do well in any section of the country. If it is desired to try newer kinds, it is wise to try them on a small scale at first, as soil and climatic influence have a good deal to do with the success of the individual varieties, and it is well to make sure that the variety is well suited to your particular case before trusting it for general crop. We can give only a general idea of average garden essentials for average conditions. Of course there will be particular cases where changes must be made. Consider soil, exposure, climate, water-supply and plant in reference. A Garden for Three—By W. F. Fairbrother *, HOW A SUBURBAN GARDEN 22X34 FEET WAS MADE TO SUPPLY ALL THE VEGETABLES NECESSARY FOR A FAMILY OF THREE—EVERY BIT OF EARTH YIELDING AT THE RATE OF THREE CENTS A SQUARE FOOT—SHOWING WHAT BEGINNERS MAY ACCOMPLISH BY FORETHOUGHT—AN IRRESISTIBLE ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF PLANNING T WAS our first effort at a real garden, but we knew the initial move was to send for the catalogues, which we did last January. The first number of THE GARDEN MaGaZINE had just appeared and had stirred us up to do things. After deciding upon what we needed most, a planting plan was made, embodying suggestions from the mag- azine. Here is the plan, with dates of planting, which were followed religiously, any devia- The cucumber beetle was Kept off by encircling each hill with a strip of tin, 6x 50 inches, stuck two inches in the ground and supporting a cover of mos- quito wire. Lifting the lid for examination tion therefrom being for a few days at most. Twelve patches in all, exclusive of the tomatoes, which were planted along the west and north fences. The fence was of 3-foot poultry wire fastened to 2 x 4 chestnut posts driven about fifteen inches into the ground; that part of the posts that was under the ground was given a thick coating of liquid tar, which will preserve them for a number of years. The various patches are all ten feet long, and the rows were planted eighteen inches apart, except patch No. 5, beets (rows twelve inches apart); patch No. 6, onions (rows eight inches apart); patch No. 7, radishes (rows eight inches apart). For these things the space given has proven ample. For the other things eighteen inches between the rows was quite sufficient, except in the case of the dwarf limas, which require at least twenty-four inches unless you want to prop up each plant, which is a most tedious job for small returns. I will not grow them again, deciding rather to buy my limas from the grocer next season, for, besides the care required, they take up a great deal of room from May to September and the crop is comparatively small. Of the green string beans, wax beans, beets, cucumbers and tomatoes we have had all that a family of three could comfortably use in an ordinary way. Photographs by the author The following is a conservative summary of the outlay and revenue: DEBIT Manure srdoublevloadiancseerrrncer ieee $2.50 Veolia, Go POMS .osencsonoosagccoovasoscees 75 IRWMIGY WAI Fo) WEES SHoostucoondosss¥ooob0000c 2.50 Posts;pizvat 12 suctsss ae ee eee eee eee 1.50 ‘BING Strips3) 4. mine eines sein eee yeeros ere 25 Seedsinniacn gaa cea ere eRe eee eer eer 1.55 Momatoxand@ pepper plantsieene ae eee 40 Total ciiccr ute Se apt Aco eae $9.45 CREDIT Lima beans, 7 quarts at 12 cts. per quart.......... $0.84 Brussels sprouts, 12 quarts at 25 cts. per quart...... 3:00 Onions (white), 15 quarts at 15 cts. per quart...... 2.25 Peasnaiquarts) atelo\cts-qpenaquartemmerre erent 30° Beans. 38 quarts at Io cts. per quart.............- 3-80 Gucumbers3}200;yat rict-seachr niger 2.00 Peppers, isOat ie actsseachh nna era een 2.25 Muskmelons, 19 at 8 cts. each.................. 1.52 Murnipsigoyat rs actssnea cheyenne ener 1.44 Beets (425), 106 bunches at 3 cts. per bunch...... 3-18 Radishes, 75 bunches at 14 cts. per bunch.......... 1.13 Lettuce, 81 heads at 5 cts. per head.............. 4.05 Tomatoes, 6 bushels at 50 cts. per bushel.......... 3.00 Parsleysnestimatedatate= cr eet eerie ret 75 Moral Vike Sas Seattle epee nate ETRE aeons $29.51 The cost of the poultry wire and posts used for the fence, amounting to four dollars, is an expense which will not have to be reckoned again for several years, and with this credited a balance of $24.06 is shown in favor of a home garden. Now, to take each patch separately, ex- plaining in detail how it was handled: PLANT BUSH LIMA BEANS LATE Four rows, eighteen inches apart (should have been at least twenty-four), planted respectively May 1st, May isth, June 1st and June 15th. Seeds were dropped about four inches apart in the rows. Lima beans require a rich soil, and should not be planted until the soil is quite warm—not before the end of May. My first two plantings rotted in the ground because it was not thoroughly warmed. These two rows were re-sown on June 5th and did well, as was the case with the other June plantings. The entire crop of limas was about seven quarts. SUCCESS WITH BRUSSELS SPROUTS Sowed four rows May tsth, sprinkling the seeds thinly. When about two inches high they were thinned so that the plants stood about six inches apart, and on July 15th each alternate plant was transplanted to patch No. 10, from which the peas were all gone. Thus we had two patches of Brussels sprouts, each of four rows, with the plants standing a foot apart. These thrived well, and on October 20th (after a couple of heavy frosts) we ate our first mess of them. The balance was left in the ground until November rst, when they were withdrawn by the roots and hung head down in the ceilar. 268 Cucumbers require a rich, sandy, well- drained soil, and, as is the case with lima beans, do not do well until the ground is warm. The plantings of May 1st and May rsth pro- duced much weaker and less productive vines than the plantings a couple of weeks later. Holes fifteen inches in diameter were dug to a depth of eight inches, and below that the soil was well loosened with a spade. Then a fork of well-rotted stable manure was put in each opening, and on top of this four or five inches of good light soil, making a mound with a flat top about two inches higher than the ground about; on this flat surface was sown a dozen seeds. BEATING THE CUCUMBER BUGS Having heard how the beetle attacked the cucumber plants in their youngest days, and how later the cut-worm got in his deadly work, I contrived a scheme which baffled both of these nasty enemies of the cucumber. I obtained a strip of heavy tin, six inches wide and fifty inches long, for each hill, of which I formed a little circular fence around the plants by pushing the tin two inches into the ground; over the top of this I laid a piece of fine wire screen. After the plants were an inch high I thinned them out, leaving just six in each hill, and put away the screens until next year, for the beetles do not trouble the plants after they get the third leaf. The 2 3 Link: BRUSSELS rope | BEANS SPROUTS G- : , CUCUMBERS my s Y MAY , ~ y R 45 & oN 9 0 Wune | 4 3 : ' np 0 ‘ ' June 1S x XK AAUSKMELONS @) | = —---- JUNE 4 - - JUNE /0 -- ' ' 1 ' . Q RX 2 3 > ‘ ‘ 1 u - see wry seo ---- my 20 -- =~ = °°-JUNE 20.-- « x x nx Kn x oe x TOMATOES DIAGRAM OF FIRST PLANTING This garden, 22x 34 feet, made by a beginner, supe plied a family of three with all its vegetables JANUARY, 1906 Peppers planted on May 25th gave a yield that supplied the wants of the family and also left plenty to give away to the neighbors tin fences, however, were left in place all season, and we have no regrets for so doing, for the cut-worm is not particular about youth in the plants; a number of vines in a neighbor’s garden were cut off right at the ground just as they were beginning to yield good fruit. My barrier was effective, for this worm, which travels along the surface, could get neither under nor over it. The four hills gave us more than we could use. GREEN AND RED PEPPERS TO GIVE AWAY About May 25th I purchased one dozen plants each of red and green peppers from a farmer, and had peppers to give away. They were planted in rows eighteen inches apart, and twelve inches apart in the rows. BEETS AND PARSLEY MAKE NO TROUBLE One of the most enjoyable things in the garden, and no trouble whatever. On May ist these were planted in rows a foot apart, and -vhen the plants were four inches high we thinned them so that they stood about three inches apart. The young plants (tops and all) stewed as spinach make a vegetable fit for the gods—and insurance kings. In one corner of the beet bed we planted a row of parsley three feet long and had all we wanted, even after considerable snow had been on the ground. Soak parsley seeds over night in tepid water before planting. THE ONIONS WERE NOT ENOUGH Here’s where we erred in not planting enough. On April r5th we planted two rows of seeds for young onions, and had them in September. The main thing to note, however, is that April 15th is none too early to plant onion seeds. Do not sow too thickly, and thin to two inches apart. In the first week of May we planted two rows of onion sets about three inches apart in the rows, and had just about half enough. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Next year our onion bed will be about doubled in size. Planting in rows about eight inches apart gives plenty of room, if you have an onion hoe to keep the ground loose and hilled up a little. There is an onion hoe on the market, long and narrow but triangular in shape, that is most handy for getting in narrow places in order to keep down the weeds. Give onions rich soil. RADISHES THE EASIEST VEGETABLE TO GROW The most easily grown of all vegetables do not require much room, as the rows do not need to be more than eight inches apart. Sow thinly, and when the plants are a couple of inches high thin so as to leave about two inches between the plants. For a family of three, sow two and one-half or three feet every ten days from May rst to June 2oth, and then discontinue planting till September rst, for radishes do not thrive in the very hot weather. Keep a little There is much satisfaction in growing an abun: dance of beets. The young plants, tops and all, may be served as spinach. The surplus roots are stored in the celler for winter use and are most welcome chemical fertilizer on hand (fifteen pounds costs about 25 cents), and as you use the radishes drop a little of the fertilizer in the opening just made and sow two or three seeds. In three weeks you will have the pleasure of again picking from the same ground. What were left of the radishes by the end of July were tough and pithy, so we dug them up and, after giving the ground a good dose of fertilizer, planted a single row of yellow turnips, which proved well worth while. When an inch or so high these were thinned so as to leave four plants to the foot, and were ready for use late in September. THE LETTUCE WAS STARTED IN THE CELLAR Was planted first in boxes in a southern cellar window about April rst, and on April 15th a few more seeds were added. As the plants came up they were thinned out so as to leave about an inch between them. In the first week of May the box was put 269 outside and covered with burlap at night, to keep off frost. After a few days, during which the little seedlings became accustomed to the open air, they were planted in the open ground, the first two rows being given to the two cellar plantings. ‘They were set out about six inches apart in the rows. The remaining two rows were used for various sowing, from May rs5th to July ist. On August 25th what was left of the lettuce was torn up, the ground turned and fertilized, and three rows of white turnips were sown a foot apart. These were thinned when they were about two inches high so as to leave about three inches between them, and kept hilled’ up a little. About October 2oth nearly a bushel were dug up and put into the cellar for future use. MUSKMELONS ONLY A PARTIAL SUCCESS They were started in the cellar about April r5th in little paper pots, and transplanted to the open ground, prepared as for cucum- bers, about May 25th, when all danger of frost was past. Four of them were planted in each hill, and while all but three of the transplanted seedlings seemed to thrive, they yielded only nineteen melons during August and September. I shall not plant them again, on account of the amount of trouble in raising them in the latitude of New York City and because of the amount of space required. Our six hills took up 7 x to feet. BUSH PEAS NEED TOO MUCH ROOM These peas are not worth while for so small a space, so I shall not plant them until I can spare about ten times as much. The four 1o-foot rows yielded only about three quarts of peas in all. This patch was later used for the Brussels sprouts transplanted from their original patch. Turnips from the home garden are a revelation as to quality. A successful crop was gathered from August sowing, after lettuce Too bad that these Brussels sprouts could not be The worms riddled were untouched screened like the cucumbers. the large leaves but the “‘ sprouts” Ten rows eighteen inches apart permitted the planting of one row every ten days from May 1st to August ist, alternating the plant- ings of green and wax beans. These gave all the string beans that a family of three could possibly want. We had them right along from June 18th to October 14th. About the first of August, when the first sowings of A Winter Campaign Against Scale Insects—By E. P. Felt THE GARDEN MAGAZINE beans had finished their work, the plants were taken up and five rows of beets for win- ter use were put in. TOMATOES—LAST BUT NOT LEAST About May 20th we purchased eighteen tomato plants from a gardener for 15 cents, and set them out three feet apart along the west and north fences of the garden. As the plants grow very rank, it is necessary in a small garden to give them some support. For this we broke up an old packing case, from which we cut strips three feet long. Three of these were driven in the ground around each plant, and with shorter strips nailed across the top made a triangular frame two feet high, which was quite sufficient for our purpose. This was the only attention the tomato plants received from us, yet the crop was approximately six bushels. ONE REASON FOR OUR SUCCESS A word on the preparation of the soil might be well. About April roth, or ten days after the ground had been turned over, I purchased a load of well-rotted stable JANUARY, 1906 44 Tomatoes still aplenty on October 29th—six bushels from eighteen plants, without any attention beyond staking to Keep them off the ground. An easy crop! manure, which was raked over the entire garden and then thoroughly mixed with the soil. There were two rules which we framed and followed closely from May till Sep- tember, viz.: (1) Keep the ground loose; (2) Keep all the ground busy all the time. New York State Entomologist THE SAN JOSE AND THREE OTHERS THAT ARE OFTEN CONFUSED WITH IT. LOOK OUT {pes Seuthern gardener especially should attend to spraying his fruit trees in January, and even in the North the practice will be profitable. The San José scale is the worst of all the scales. In the Southern States it is particularly destructive because of its long breeding period, the young appearing from May untill the following January. This scale chooses the valuable fruits for its victims—peach, plum, cherry, pear and apple, in the order named, and devours many ornamentals and the useful currant beside. It is circular, grey, and produces a reddish color on the bark which it infests. Its pres- ence may be easily detected by the yellow juice which exudes when the blade of a knife or even the thumb nail is drawn firmly along the infested shoot. There are three other scales often confused with the San José, but no one of them so deadly nor so hard to deal with. They are: The West Indian Peach Scale, which ac- cording to State Entomologist Smith of Georgia ranks next to the San José in danger, and has shown itself capable of destroying The scurfy scale is common on roses as well as on fruit trees. It is comparatively easy to control with whale-oil soap FOR THE WORST INSECT PEST OF entire peach orchards in the South. The scale is about one-twelfth of an inch in diameter, of a greyish white color, with a reddish yel- low nipple a little to one side of the centre. The male scales are snow white and linear. This need never be confused with the dark grey or black scales of the San José. The Oyster Scale is of light brown, about an eighth of an inch long, slender, and pear- shaped, usually slightly curved. It winters in the egg and sometimes forms a_ thick dirty white incrustation like that of the West Indian Peach scale, but not so yellow. The West Indian peach scale often confounded with the San Jose scale, which it resembles in color and form, but is larger (about 1-12 inch in diameter) The Scurfy Scale, white or greyish-white, is about one-tenth of an inch long expanding regularly from a slender tip. The last two thrive upon young apple trees, ash, willow, poplar and Japanese quince. Both may be controlled by thorough spraying with either a whale-oil soap solu- tion, or a kerosene emulsion applied when the crawling young are most abundant. MODERN TIMES But to fight the deadly San José and to a certain extent the West Indian Peach Scale, quite different tactics are necessary. A ‘“‘winter wash”? must be applied. Prepara- tions of crude petroleum have been found useful applied in the winter, but we depend almost entirely on a lime-sulphur wash put together in the following way: Bring a few pails of water nearly to a boil in a large iron kettle, add 20 pounds of good stone lime following immediately with 15 pounds of flowers of sulphur. Stir at once and keep boiling rapidly for at least thirty minutes; then remove, strain through a wire screen such as ordinary mosquito netting and dilute with cold water to fifty gallons. An unboiled wash may be made in a barrel or tub, slaking the requisite amount of lime with warm water; add the sulphur and then 1o to 12 pounds of sal soda. Stir till the slaking is practically completed, cover with burlap and allow it to stand about 30 minutes or more. Strain and dilute as for other washes. Another self-boiled wash is made by sub- stituting from 4 to 6 pounds of caustic soda for the sal soda mentioned above. DESEO A RE IONE | The commonest scale on fruit and ornamental trees is the oyster scale. Its shape distinguishes it from the San Jose scale Garden Wonders in a 25 x 35 Backyard—By I. G. Tabor % MAKING A GARDEN ORIGINAL PLANS THAT WOULD COST YOU ‘““WHERE THERE ISN’T ROOM FOR ONE’’—SIX HIGHLY ORDINARILY $100 EACH—A ROSE GARDEN, A WATER-LILY GARDEN, A ‘‘ WINTER GARDEN” OR ‘OUTDOOR NUR- SERY’’ AND A GARDEN WITH A LAWN, HARDY BORDERS AND A PERGOLA Epitor’s Note:—Ever since Professor Bailey's article, of pleasant memory, in the first number of Tue GARDEN Macazine, entitled “Originality in Gardens,” we have been glad to publish such accounts of actual gardens showing creative imagination and artistic sense as our readers have sent us from their own experience. The one described by Mr. Henry G. Taylor elsewhere in this number 1s an example. Richardson, take an interest in a man who wanted a $1,500 house. $3,000 the architect stmply waved him aside. But the smaller the garden the harder to make tt beautiful and distinctive. It is the same sort of problem that made the great architect, The extraordinary difficulty of such a proposition appealed to him, but when the client announced that he could spend We have therefore called 1n the services of a landscape gardener to help us on the hardest gardening problem we could think of—the situation that thousands of people in New York, for instance, have to confront—the typical 25 x 35 backyard. We need plans of the widest possible application. Tur GarpeN Macazine now offers a means by which such plans can be presented to the people. We hope that everyone who has consummate skill in planning will send us some solution of the backyard problem, as his contribution to the glorious movement for civic betterment. LAN A shows a different development for each of four plots, size 25 x 35 feet. Plans B and C give the same four plots thrown together into a community park with an area 50X70. Number I. of Plan A has flowers in abun- dance in the herbaceous borders that extend along the outer side of the paths to the pergola, which is covered with flowering vines and gives seclusion. The cost of this plan depends upon the sort of pergola used. If it is the simplest and cheapest possible—plain uprights and cross- pieces—it should not exceed $25.00. If a more elaborate one with turned columns is desired, it may easily run to $150.00. If the owner wants to put it up himself, the mate- rials will cost him about $10.00. Number II. has an informal curved path, with shrubbery bordering it, which broadens into a graveled space around the water-lily pond. Windings and informality are never as well suited to so small a space, yet, as a concession to those who abhor formal lines under any circumstances, this arrangement is not impossible. The pond is the expensive part; it may be omitted entirely, or, instead of being excavated and cemented, it can be merely a tub sunk to the ground level. The seats beside it will cost from $8.00 to $10.00. Number IIT. is planned for a winter garden. The central grass plot has been left for a play- ground, and is completely sheltered by the surrounding hedge and also by being lowered twenty inches below the general level. The coldest, stinging winter winds can hardly A glimpse of the little “community park’ which can be created, even in the heart of a densely crowded city like New York, by four neighbors whose back- See Plan B, on the next page. yards measure only 25x 35 apiece. reach down into this snug ‘‘outdoor nursery.”’ At the back, framed by the clipped arch in the hedge, is the bust of a faun. Two stone benches stand at the edge of the terrace next the house, and massed peonies with flower- ing vines give the necessary color. This costs more, the stone benches being $25.00 for the pair, and the faun with pedestal in A winter playground or outdoor nursery. The high evergreen hedges will enable the children to play outdoors on cold, windy days. See Plan A, No. III. terra cotta at least $70.00. The grading and steps will increase it $50.00. Number IV. is a rose garden centering upon a rose arbor, with a path running through it, and, if one wishes, an urn within the arbor. The arbor should be put up ina day and a half, so $25.00 is a liberal allow- ance for it. The two rustic seats at $5.00, Se flowers. 271 and the urn from $12.00 to $18.00, make the total for these features less than $50.00. Plan B is somewhat informal in effect and the arrangement gives each of the four houses a pleasing view of all its features. The arbor floor is on three levels, which divide it into sections, each of which will have its chairs and benches. The cost of construc- tion in this plan, for pool, arbor and seats, will be within $300.00. Plan C is on formal lines. In this the double pergola circles a terraced depression, around which runs a narrow walk. Inside this is a pool and fountain; the basin of the fountain is of champagne-glass shape, and from its rim the water overflows gently into the pool. This will cost $500.00, not in- cluding plants nor the planting. = The community scheme does not demand that the families going into it be friends, but they must be friendly and willing to consider the good of the little park. Certain things should be agreed upon and embodied in a legal contract. Meetings at stated intervals would be necessary, and one member elected executive officer for a definite period, to pay - bills, hire labor and generally oversee the whole. Large sums are spent on the gardening of country places, where the air is already clean and pure. May not something be spent on gardening in the choked, evil-smelling city ? The cost is so little compared to the perma- nent good it will do, and each individual needs to do only such a small part to accom- plish such a great result. es5,2 * y pa & 328 Another picture which these same neighbors could create, showing the central fountain with its encircling pergola, also a goodly space for lawn and The entire area is only 50x70 feet. Consult Plan C 272 PLANTING LIST, PLAN A, NUMBER I. Key Standard and No. of Ref. Common Name. Nursery Names. plants. Cost 1 Japanese barberry Berberis Thunbergit 3 $1.50 2 Chinese barberry Berberis Sinensis i olfe) 3 Peony Paonia officinalis ie as 4 Akebia Akebia quinata 3 1.05 5 Japan Ivy Ampelopsis tricuspidata 2 .70 6 Dutch honeysuckle Lonicera Periclymenum, var. Belgica I 7 Japan clematis Clematis paniculata Tee 5 I I 8 Jackman elematis Clematis Fackmanni g Wistaria Wistaria Chinensts 75 Total number of plants and cost.............. 14 $6.05 Herbaceous border, 25 varieties, 55 plants........ 5.00 Totallicost nner ee eee EE $11.05 PLANTING LIST, PLAN A, NUMBER II. I Japanese barberry Berberis Thunbergii 1 $0.50 2 Chinese barberry Berberis Sinensis TsO 4 Akebia Akebia quinata 27 O 5 Virginia creeper Ampelopsis quinquefolia 3 1.05 10 Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata I 11 Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea 2 12 Black stem bamboo Arundinaria Faponica 1) Solfo) 13 Swamp rose-mallow Hibiscus Moscheutos I I 14 Sweet elder Sambucus Canadensis 25 15 Giant reed Arundo Donax, var. varte- gata Qine2.25 16 Rose of Sharon Hibiscus Syriacus, var. Leo poldit NG Total number of plants and cost.............. 18 $8.85 Water lilies (pond) Nymphaea Marliacea,var. carnea and var. albida 2 1.50 Mo talnCOstens cian ei ee CO Tae oe $10.35 PLANTING LIST, PLAN A, NUMBER III. 3 Peony Paeonta albiflora, pink variety 4 $1.40 6 Dutch honeysuckle Lonicera Periclyme- num, var. Belgica I 35 7 Japan Clematis Clematis paniculata I 35 9 Wistaria Wistaria Chinents I 75 ol Ba Speers t f } ) a tay y vy N Ist: af | 8 Ty pt Era at Wiles SS ontf HS Vi gin mH Sy ye ik ver | jt . ./ RY 8 aw & cts i Ns <} iene HEN R Iie oH IE ~ hea Cer e ON Walliiiill i ty la) cas ~ , Hedge I. A central Four plans for a 25x35 backyard. lawn with hardy borders and pergola. II. A water: lily pond hidden by shrubbery. III. A winter garden or outdoor nursery. IV. A formal rose garden THE GARDEN MAGAZINE PLANTING LIST, PLAN A, NUMBER I11.—Continued Key Standard and No. of Ref. Common Name. Nursery Names. plants. Cost A Irish juniper Funiperus communis, var. Hibernica 2 1.50 B Siberian arborvite = Thuya occidentalis, var. Sibirica 2 3.00 Hemlock (hedge) = T'suga Canadensis go 29.25 Total number of plants and cost............ 101 $36.60 PLANTING LIST, PLAN A, NUMBER IV. 5 Virginia creeper Ampelopsis quinquefolia 1 $0.35 7 Japan Clematis Clematis paniculata I 35 17 Standard Rose Crimson Rambler 2 5.00 18 Lilac Syringa villosa I 50 19 Snowball Viburnum O pulus I 35 20 Red rugosa rose Rosa rugosa I -50 21 White rugosa rose Rosa rugosa, var. alba I 50 22 Michigan rose Rosa setigera, var. to- mentosa I -50 23 Rose Yellow Rambler 2. 1.00 24 Rose Pink Rambler 2 1.00 25 Red prairie rose Queen of the Prairies 4) ietxo) Total number of plants and cost............ 16 $1 1.55 Herbaceous border, 25 varieties, 55 plants...... 5.00 Rotalicoste eich tet ee Cee CCT eee $16.55 PLANTING LIST, PLAN B. 1 Japanese barberry Berberis Thunbergii 2 $0.70 2 Spiraea Spiraea arguta I 50 3 Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata 1 +50 4 Lilac Syringa villosa I 50 6 Common Lilac Syringa vulgaris 2 70 7 Rose of Sharon Hibiscus Syrtacus, var. Leopoldi1, fl. pl. I 35 8 White peony Paeonia officinalis, var. alba plena I 1.00 9 Virginia creeper Am pelopsis quinquefolia 3 1.50 10 Wistaria Wistaria Chinensts 2 2.00 11 Actinidia Actinidia arguta 3 -50 12, Frost grape Vitis vulpina Bye aIcos; 13, Michigan rose Rosa setigera, var. to- mentosa I -50 14 Yellow jasmine (give winter protection) fasminum nudiflorum I 50 frouse Ftouse We eee) | C25 \) mt te rd Jew Se aye od soy frerb Bo eA ler) Plan B, showing how four neighbors may throw together their 25x35 bacKyards and create a little private park having plenty of lawn and flowers, an arbor and a little water-lily pond JANUARY, 1906 PLANTING LIST, PLAN B.—Continued Standard and Nursery Names. Key Ref. Common Name. 15 Japan privet 16 Honeysuckle 17 Snowball 18 Akebia A Napoleon’s willow No. of plants. Cost Ligustrum Ibota I 75 Lonicera Morrowi I 50 Viburnum O pulus I 50 Akebia quinata I 50 Salix Babylonica, var. aurea I 1.00 B Dwarf Norway Picea excelsa, var. con- spruce ica I 2.00 Total number of plants and cost............ 28 $15.55 Herbaceous borders, 30 varieties, 100 plants... . 10.00 Water lily (pond) = Nymphea Mearliacea, var. albida 2IEOO) Egyptian lotus Nelumbo nucifera TES O Total! costas2, cess ene eee $28.05 PLANTING LIST, PLAN C. 1 Japanese barberry Berberis Thunbergii 3 $1.05 2 Spiraea Spiraea arguta Z laGXe> 3 Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandiflora IZ 4.20 4 Lilac Syringa villosa I 50 5 Persian lilac Syringa Persica I 75 6 White lilac Syringa vulgaris, var. alba grandiflora 3 Ge 7 Rose of Sharon Hibiscus Syriacus, var. Leopoldii, fi. pl. 2 +70 8 Chinese peony Paeonia officinalis, var. rosea D, Staffs g Virginia creeper Ampelopsis quinquefo- lia 2 1.00 10 Wistaria Wistaria Chinensts 4 4.00 11 Actinidia Actinidio arguta 2 1.00 12 Frost grape Vitis vulpina. 2 7° 13 Michigan rose Rosa setigera, var. to- mentosa 2 1.00 14 Prairie Rose Rosa _setigera, var. Queen of the Prairies 2 1.00 18 Akebia Akebia quinata 3. «1.50 Total number of plants and cost............ 44 $21.90 Herbaceous borders, 30 varieties, 100 plants... 10.00 Total! cost) i..ds unis viseense ae stoee Cee COE $31.90 rouse rouse | ; Yo} — piweac Saal Cem e wn ean vast Wa PS ee { | “SS more SS 3 SAR ern me ern eee i Ss TE a y ran ae >. aa) meme Goro aca. i bmn btaaey Finn (memes eae (meee 4s — eng pyypomnat G2 7) yerbace ous Lorder =I 1) Sere NO nS ete Oe . Clan C. Plan C, showing how the same neighbors may have a formal garden with a central fountain sur- rounded by a curving pergola. A suggestion for city people of wealth and taste Quince trained bush form. high, and to Keep borers out with Knife and wire Quality Quinces in the Back Yard—By S. W. Fletcher If a borer girdles one stem others are left to bear. But it is better to grow quinces to one stem like apples, headed twelve inches pre, 9 as xe Bins trees bush form. may be done with ease. Lomi Sm Quinces trained tree form. This is better for most purposes than having the The head is low, so that spraying and other details of attention These quinces are planted too thickly Michigan Agric. College HOW THE OLD SCRUBBY BUSHES BY THE FENCE MAY BECOME BOTH PROFITABLE AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS—A LITTLE CARE WILL ENSURE A YIELD OF FRUIT TO GIVE QUINCE JELLY ALL WINTER Photographs by the author, and the Horticultural Department of Cornel] University | PCR UB Ie quinces cannot be eaten out of hand they are almost universally ne- glected in the home fruit garden. Nine times out of ten—and I am tempted to say ninety- mine times out of a hundred—the man who tills, fertilizes and sprays his apples, pears, peaches and plums will relegate his quince bushes to a dishonorable place by the sink drain, where they have to fight for an exist- ence with wet soil, blight, curculio and bur- docks. Recently I took notes on over a hundred fruit gardens, and in ninety of these the quinces are in a wretched condition. They are starved, drowned, browsed, blighted, worm-eaten and borer-cursed. The popular notion that quinces do best when planted in some wet and weedy spot where no other fruit will thrive has been brought about by the general inclination to let them shift for themselves. The fact is, however, that a quince appreciates a well-drained site anc good culture fully as much as its more popu- lar relatives, the apple and the pear. No one who has ever seen a well-groomed quince bush hanging full of beautiful yellow fruit—the golden apples of the Hesperides— will ever be satisfied with the indifferent crop of knotty, wormy, blight-spotted fruit that a majority of back-yard quince bushes produce. Do not be misled by the popular notion, born of indifference, that quinces thrive under neglect. Sometimes they thrive in spite of neglect, but never because of it. Even though one has only a half dozen bushes—enough to make many jars of delicious marmalade—it will pay to give these six plants a chance to do their best. WELL-DRAINED SOIL BEST In most of the one hundred fruit gardens that I visited the quinces were planted near the sink drain, or in the lowest, wettest and most undesirable part in the garden. Per- haps this is justifiable and necessary in some cases, especially when the garden area is limited, since quinces are certainly not as valuable to the family as the more readily edible fruits. What I object to is the notion that quinces must necessarily be planted in wet, sour places—that they prefer this. Without doubt quinces do best, in general, on a heavy clay loam, one that is heavier and that holds more moisture than would be best for apples, pears or plums, but this does not mean that the soil should be wet. It must be well drained, naturally or arti- ficially, for best results. Quinces will often grow well on light soils, but they are not apt to be as long lived or as productive. Quinces should be planted from ten to fifteen feet apart each way, depending upon % Ruined by leaf blight. The leaves are spotted and most of them have dropped, leaving half-grown and rotting fruits on the branches. Spraying prevents this 278 the strength of the soil. The common dis- tance—six to eight feet—is not enough. Plants that are three years old are usually preferred for planting. It is a very simple matter to grow them at home. At any time between November and February take hardwood cuttings from the best quince bush that you can find anywhere. The cuttings may be from eight to fifteen inches long, and should be made only of wood of the last season’s growth. Tie the cuttings in bunches, butt ends together, and bury them in moist sand or moss in the cellar. In the spring set them out of doors, twelve inches apart. At the end of two or three years they are ready for planting. Another simple way of multiplying quinces is by mounding. Cut back an old bush so that it will send up many shoots from the roots. Heap soil around the base of these, six or more inches high. In a year roots will have been thrown out from the lower end of each shoot, then it may be separated from the mother plant and set out. The ends of quince branches may be bent down, covered with soil in the spring, and will be rooted by fall. Thrifty three-year-old quince plants should cost not over twenty cents each at a nursery. They usually begin to bear somewhat the second year after planting, and are in full bearing six to eight years later. If cared for properly quince bushes should bear well at least two score years. HOW TO TRAIN AND PRUNE At the time of planting the grower must decide whether it is better to train his quinces into trees or bushes. If he desires trees he will cut off the stem from ten to eighteen inches high, keeping all other shoots removed. Quinces may be headed higher, if necessary, even as high as three feet, but this gives trees that are too high for easy spraying, pruning 274 Orange (wrongly called Apple) quince. Kinds together. and picking. Low heading is better, par- ticularly because of convenience in spraying, for in most parts of the country a good crop of really first-class quinces cannot be raised without one or more sprayings. If bush quinces are desired, several of the strongest of the many shoots that naturally spring from the roots are permitted to remain and to fruit, the weaker shoots being cut out. Bush quinces have one great advantage over tree quinces. If a borer ruins one of the stems, that one may be cut out and there will still be other stems to bear; but if borers girdle the stem of a tree quince the whole plant is ruined. On the other hand, it is my observation that low-tree quinces usually bear better fruit, if well cared for, than bush quinces. The borers must be persecuted anyway, so, in my opinion, the home fruit- grower had better grow quinces in the form of a low-headed tree. The pruning of quinces should consist mainly of thinning out dead, diseased and ha es ULL EI PE The scourge of fire blight. indicate that the disease is Killing the limbs. This variety is grown more than all other It is one of the best for home use Tbe brown withered leaves on two limbs below Cut out blighted limbs THE GARDEN MAGAZINE - crowding branches, doing this each year if necessary, and always in winter or very early spring. Some people find it advantageous to head back the strongest shoots also, especi- ally if the quinces are making a very vigorous growth, say of fourteen to twenty-four inches yearly. A third to a half of the last year’s growth is cut off, as is often practised on peaches. This thins the fruit, since quinces are borne on the ends of the growth of the previous season. But annual heading-in tends to make the trees run to wood, and it may, if persisted in, defeat the very end for which it is practised. A safe rule is to head back occasionally, especially the strongest shoots that are growing out of bounds, but to confine the pruning mostly to the taking out of dead, blighted and crowding branches. _ If, however, the quinces have been neglected and are ragged and full of useless wood, or have been making an unsatisfactory growth, a sharp heading-in, coupled with fertilizing and tillage, may be just the sort of stimulus The branch on the left is dead, the leaves withered and the fruit shriveled by this disease. The branch on the right is healthy JANUARY, 1906 Picea Rea, a good variety of quince for growing in the home fruit garden. It is of earlier season than the Orange they need. Saw the larger limbs close; paint all wounds over one-half inch wide, especially if they are in crotches. TILLAGE SHOULD NOT BE NEGLECTED I do not suppose that one quince in a thou- sand planted in this country has ever been tickled with a cultivator. There are very few commercial quince orchards of any size, and these, almost without exception, are as carefully tilled as an apple orchard should be. They would not be profitable otherwise. But very rare indeed is the quince tree in a home orchard that is not obliged to struggle with grass roots for a drink. Now and then hens make a dust bed beneath them, or hogs uproot the turf in search of hog dainties, but this is a make-shift sort of tillage. I do not know that I have ever seen over a dozen quinces mulched. For the most part they fight for an existence with sod, weeds, and perhaps the roots of an over-shadowing fruit tree. Stir the ground around the old quince ef Rees Ses ssa) JANUARY, 1906 bushes and see if they do not respond right joyously. The way they will grow and bear under careful tillage is a revelation to anyone who is familiar only with the sod-sick bushes in the back yard. Of course there are cases where quinces should be left in sod, as when the soil is very wet and when they are making a very thrifty growth in spite of the sod. But for the most part it will pay to till them. Till quinces as you would plums or apples, and for the same reasons. Remember, however, that quinces are shallow-rooted, and do not till them deeply. Plow shallow, and do not use a deep-working cultivator. The fertilizing of quinces does not differ from the fertilizing of the other trees in the fruit garden. Good tillage will help wonder- fully to keep the trees well fed. Supplement this with occasional dressings of muriate of potash and South Carolina rock or bone, or other standard fertilizers rich in potash and phosphoric acid. Old, unthrifty quinces, especially those in sod, may be rejuvenated with liberal dressings of barnyard manure. The guide in fertilizing, in every case, should be the condition of the trees and of the crop. Stunted, sickly trees need a tonic. Nitrogen is a plant tonic; it may be fed to best advan- tage in the form of barnyard manure, if that can be had; failing this, in a leguminous cover crop, and in nitrate of soda, dried blood, or other commercial fertilizers con- taining this plant food. INSECTS AND DISEASES ATTACKING QUINCES It is to be expected that orchard enemies will get a strong foothold on a fruit that is usually neglected. Years ago, when apples were neglected nearly as much as quinces are now, they, too, were over-run with pests. The average quince tree is a sorry sight. The leaves are riddled with blight. The fruit is disfigured by rust, blight, curculio and codling moth. Often it is nearly defoliated by midsummer, leaving the half-ripe fruits hanging on naked branches. Most of these difficulties can be overcome. The fire blight, which is the same disease as sometimes works such havoc with pears, is perhaps the most serious of these troubles. It comes on at any time during the season, killing spurs, shoots, branches, and even the entire tree, within a few days or weeks. The bark shrivels, the leaves turn a dead brown all over and do not fall, thus distinguishing if from leaf blight, in which the leaves be- come spotted and eventually turn yellow and drop. The treatment is to cut out the blighted parts as soon as they are seen. Make the cut several inches below the lowest point to which the blight has spread. Do this work faithfully and you may control the blight, but in some seasons it is seemingly uncontrollable. See Country Lije in America for May, 1905, for further suggestions. Leaf blight is the disease that makes black spots on the leaves, and often defoliates the trees in August and early September. A healthy tree should hold its foliage till after the fruit is harvested. On the fruit it causes black spots which may run together and make a rotten place. Since it injures the leaves, the disease weakens the tree so that THE GARDEN MAGAZINE This disease breeds Quinces attacKed by rust. on cedar trees, which should not be allowed to grow near apples or quinces it makes a poor growth and cannot carry out a satisfactory crop. Happily for us the disease yields very readily to treatment with Bordeaux mixture. Spray the trees after the blossoms have dropped and once or twice later, at intervals of from seven to four- teen days, depending on the weather. This very common disease, which is ruinous to quinces everywhere, can be so readily and cheaply controlled by spraying that the home grower cannot be excused for harboring it. Quince rust is sometimes serious, but not nearly as much so as leaf blight. sometimes covers It blotches the fruit and it with a ae: te. and Knurly. How most quince bushes look in late August and early September. Defoliated by leaf blight, the fruit blotched This bush is having a struggle for life with burdock and rubbish back of the woodshed 75 fuzzy yellow growth. Spraying for leaf blight keeps it in check. Cut down all cedars near quinces or apples; this disease spends a part of its life in cedars. The borer is more of a nuisance than most people imagine, because it does its-work ou of sight. Many a fine quince tree has sud denly sickened and died from the worm at its root, while the owner blamed the soil, the weather, and everything but himself. The only reliable way is to get down on hands and knees and dig them out with knife and wire. Vile-smelling washes are often recom- mended, but do not keep out all the borers. Go over the quince trees for borers when you hunt for them in apples and peaches— especially in May and September, but also at any other time of the year. Two other insects, the curculio and the codling moth, sometimes reduce the quince crop. The former punctures the fruit, making it knotty. It is best handled by jarring the limbs every day or two for two or three weeks after blossoming, and catching the curculios on sheets, as is practised with plums. This is a tedious process, but it gives the results desired. The codling moth gets into quinces in the same way and pro- duces the same result as it does in apples, but does less damage to quinces than to apples. Put one-half pound of paris green in the barrel of Bordeaux that is used on the quinces for blight immediately after the fruits have set, and this difficulty is met successfully. Paris green also helps to control the curculio, although I have met but one man who has been able to get rid of curculio with arsenites. Riles Indoor Ferneries for Winter—By G. A. Woolson. vermox HOW TO MAKE FERN GROTTOES AND WARDIAN CASES—SPECIES THAT WILL STAND THE RADIATOR HEAT OF OUR HE dry heat of our homes in winter is not at all favorable for the growth of native ferns, which by right should rest at least four or five months of the year. A few species, however, break the natural order of things and may be kept growing indoors with fairly good results. The cheerful little polypody is always pleasant to look upon. It is astonishing how this rock-clinging species holds its own in any situation. It is especially at- — ie | | The dwarf sword fern (Nephrolepis cordata, var. com- pacta) takes up less room than the Boston fern and sur- passes itin brilliancy of coloring, but is more delicate tractive grown in birch-bark baskets accom- panied by herb robert, with its happily contrasting foliage. As an all-round fern the ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron) takes prominent rank. My plant was taken from the pine woods in July, and a year later had not materially changed. The only noticeable difference is the loss of one or two of the old fertile fronds and a profusion of new sterile ones clustering about the base. THE SECRET OF SUCCESS The secret of success in this indoor cultiva- tion is the simulation of natural environment of the root growth. Thin bits of limestone or other rock must be placed against the fern roots, and moss and earth enough added to hold them in place. This is the one impera- tive demand of the ebony spleenwort. I have never taken up a specimen whose roots were not resting on or against or tucked under a stone of some sort. Aspleniums as a rule are limestone-loving ferns, but the ebony spleenwort is sometimes found on certain slate formations. An unusually fine plant of the dainty maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium Tricho- manes) has been growing for years like an LIVING ROOMS, AND HOW TO SELECT ordinary potted plant. The natural habitat is much the same as that of the ebony spleen- wort, but I have seen fine plants luxuriating in deep leaf mold, which accounts for the success of the specimen in question. THE PREFERENCE OF THE WALKING FERN The walking leaf (Camptosorus rhizo phyl- lus) prefers a rocky foothold, but grows re- markably well indoors with an apology of mineral matter beneath its roots. It is an exceptionally interesting fern because of its unique habit of growth. Spores are not only wafted hither and thither by fitful winds, but the long, tapering fronds rooting at the apices throw up other progressive plants. This is the tramp of the fem family—the sole member of the group that literally walks a crack in the rock. The root growth of the walking leaf seems to be a matter of circumstance, for the species thrives equally well in the outdoor world, with much or little nether development. For cultural purposes full-sized specimens growing in thin moss are to be avoided; they can be made to grow indoors THEM—WHY OTHERS FAIL into a moist atmosphere. It makes but one imperative demand, and that is the privilege of standing still. Over-zealous culturists usually like to turn things around, but re- volving cliffs are not in the natural order of things. ‘The slender black stipes are very susceptible to change of light, and warped and twisted fronds result. All the above ferns hold their freshness under adverse circumstances, but rarely send out new growth until February. In acclimating ferns taken indoors in late fall or early winter, avoid, as far as possible, a rapid transition from a cold atmosphere outside to over-heat inside. A gradual rise of temperature will insure the best results. Screens are very useful in shutting off heat. An occasional showering keeps the foliage healthful. Over-watering is always disastrous. Native ferns indoors are subject to the ordinary plant pests, chief of which are green aphis and slugs. Confined fumes of tobacco will answer for the one and whale-oil soap suds for the other or outside, but it saves time to select plants from earth- filled crevices or from thick sheets often found on the top or at the base of rocks. The staying qualities of the fronds are unpreceden- ted. I have in mind one remarkably fine specimen with adherent plantlets, all carefully taken up and prop- erly placed on the platter with moss. New growth ap- peared, other fronds rooted at the apices, but the original fronds were in good condition for two years. A few weeks only of this time were spent in the cellar for enforced rest. A FERN THAT WITHSTANDS THE RADIATOR HEAT Strange as it may seem, the purple cliff brake (Pellea atropurpurea), which often hangs from an almost in- visible seam on the face of a perpendicular cliff, subjected to intense heat in summer and all the bitterness of a bleak New England winter, is a first-class fern for indoor winter culture. It is a rapid grower, flourishing but a few feet from a coal fire or ra- diator, in a north or south window. It quickly forgives neglect, and, if allowed to dry up out of doors or in- doors, recovers when brought 276 . Where the dry, heated air of ordinary living rooms is injurious to the more delicate ferns they may be grown in a Wardian case. dwarf sword fern, hart’s tongue, bladder fern and brake are seen here sf The JANUARY, 1906 For indoor rocKeries select a stone with natural pocKets to receive the ferns, The bell glass is the resort of the majority of amateurs who would grow ferns under adverse conditions or with the least trouble. Such glasses are obtained with comparative ease, but it is sometimes difficult to obtain a satisfactory base, as the use of the bell glass for a fern case is not usual and the conven- tional fern dish is not made with reference to glass covering of any sort. The old- fashioned soup plate is the only thing which has come within my reach that affords room for drainage and admits of an air space between the glass and filling. The fundamental structure or ground plan must of necessity be somewhat regular, and should be composed of broken crocks or other porous matter, waste moss, soil and bits of rock as needed, held firmly in place by pegs and carpeted with mosses carefully ‘tacked” down. The species must be carefully selected, for filmy deciduous ferns easily ‘‘damp off” under glass, hence are of little use. Only hardy or half-hardy species can be counted on for lasting effects. Although ferns will live on year in and year out under glass, they will surely die if perma- nently removed, as they have not stamina enough to withstand the drier air after living any length of time in confined humidity. Bell-glass ferneries demand much less care than is required for open culture. Show- ering with a small rubber plant sprinkler once a week is usually sufficient. The air should be changed daily by leaving off the glass for a few minutes, that is, if the glass fits closely over the base, but as the glasses are not often perfectly true on the edges air enough may steal in. If perchance a glass should happen to fit too well it may be raised a trifle by inserting a match or a toothpick in the moss. No better environment for forcing the development of leaf buds or apple blossoms could be found, and the ex- periment is worth while, for heralds of the coming spring are always pleasant. MAKING A REAL WARDIAN CASE Perhaps after all the best appliance for properly keeping ferns in the dwelling house is the Wardian case—a sort of miniature greenhouse which can be made at home. The dimensions must be regulated to fit THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Use a platter as a base. The purple cliff brake, wall-rue, maidenhair, spleenwort and walking leaf—all limestone lovers—may be used. Also the hart’s tongue and the common polypody the space which the case is to fill. Extreme measurements taken from the base of the lower molding of the model before us are 25 X 20 x 17 inches; the two long panels, 24 x 16 inches, with ends 16x16 inches. The picture-frame order of architecture is here enforced, therefore the corner posts are not posts at all. The four frames are mitred together, half-inch splines being used on the corners only. A groove $ x $inch is rabbeted out for the accommodation of the adjustable panels, which form the leading feature of this fern case. Anyone who has attempted a fernery where the entire case must be lifted off for filling or fixing will appreciate the con- venience of panels which are easily removed. The glass is of heavy quality, each piece neatly framed, with half-inch ‘stuff grooved an eighth of an inch to receive it. No putty is used in any part of the work. In case of breakage a couple of screws on one side of the frame can be taken out and new glass put in. Brads secure the panels at the bottom, and pins made of bicycle spokes serve for the top; these slip through a slot into corre- sponding holes in the frames and the fern case is intact. For greater security small nickel plates at each end of the pan are screwed to the base of the end panels. By removing these screws the entire top can easily be lifted off. 277 The zinc-lined pan is provided with a faucet for drawing off superfluous water, thus preventing the disastrous water-logged con- dition from which ferns often suffer at the hands of the amateur. Holes bored in the upper sides of the end panels will answer for ventilators, and the hinged covers can be raised at will when an extra supply of air is necessary. Here the physical needs of the ferns call for the same preparation as elsewhere for drainage porous matter, sphagnum, leaf mold—after which come the ferns, wild flowers, lichens and mosses. Rocks may be introduced, filled or other- wise; glades spanned by moss-grown logs are easily simulated. Native ferns and exotics of heavy texture only grace our fern case. A fine specimen of the dwarf sword fern (Nephrolepis cordata, var. compacta) figures on the left. On the right a hart’s tongue (Phyllitis Scolopendrium) is flanked by the bladder fern (Flix bulbifera), a variegated brake (Pteris) stretching its long fingers through the central hollow, giving the needed contrast in foliage. Deciduous ferns like the bladder and beech ferns have no staying qualities, as they easily damp off, but all the same they are worth growing, if only for a limited season. The possessor of a roomy fern case with movable panels will find much pleasure in introducing flowering plants of the months as they come and go. NATIVE FERNS THAT GROW INDOORS The deciduous nature of many of our native ferns renders them valueless for indoor cultivation in winter.. Nevertheless the gen- uine fern lover who gathers a wild garden outside his door is sure to take ferns inside, for the summer months at least. A proper selection of native species for indoor cultivation can only be determined by experience. Many beautiful ferns fail to adapt themselves to a life indoors. Certain species are physically unable to stand the transition from the bracing atmosphere of the great outdoors to the dry air and dewless nights indoors, consequently they wither and die when other ferns flourish with tolerable grace. ample drainage provided. Shoots of shrubs may be forced into flower here in early spring 278 The holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) is the best indoor fern having glossy, dark green leaves. Easily grown in leaf mold. Water freely and give an annual rest Partially developed plants will become distorted in the half light of shaded summer parlors, therefore it is better to wait for the fronds to assume a natural pose and gain strength enough to withstand disturbance before transplanting. Greater length of service is insured if fructification is not ad- vanced. Aside from the selection of serviceable species, discretion must be exercised in choosing plants to fit the place assigned; this is not difficult, as ferns in nature are cropping up in all sorts of places and growth is more or less governed by en- vironment. For a bracket plant a specimen with droop- ing fronds is much more graceful than one of an upright growth. A one-sided develop- ment is preferable for a corner situation. The more vase-like and perfect the develop- ment the better for a jardiniere stand or centrepiece for a table of any kind. Ferns hanging over an old log or other obstruction, or swaying downward with roots anchored to the bank above, are often exactly the right shape for mantel decoration. RECEPTACLES OF ALL DEGREES The sort of receptacle in which to grow our ferns is a matter of taste. There is a long list to choose from between the ordinary punctured flower pot and the undrained silver fern dish. The more simple and un- pretentious the better. Birch-bark baskets are especially adapted for small ferns. Good- sized jars and boxes may be pressed into service for ferns of larger growth, and, when glorified by a birch-bark cover, are really artistic. An attractive arrangement is a basket mounted on a tripod of white-birch saplings, the bark carefully selected in order to avoid cracks or flaws, for the presence of either means leakage. THE PROBLEM OF DRAINAGE House-grown ferns quickly resent imper- fect drainage. Even ferns which grow in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE swampy lowlands will not thrive in stagnant water or sour soil. Broken crocks or other porous matter will answer for drainage in a flower pot, but sphagnum or other waste moss should be freely used in other ‘“‘con- tainers” to take up superfluous water which cannot be drained out. Glass fern dishes are preferable to all others, because such dishes lined with a sheet of moss over an inch of pebbles are most artistic. The moss keeps the soil inside from working down, and the pebbles quickly show an overflow of water, which may be drained off. It is well to have the sheet of moss large enough to turn over and pin down over the fern roots; this gives a neat finish and prevents too rapid evapora- tion. A most effective finish for the fern dish is the so-called ‘‘gray moss,” or even a fluted gray lichen. The stiff growth becomes pliable when wet and is then easily adjusted. Just enough should be broken away to allow the fronds to push through without damaging A stone like this is a good foundation for an indoor rocKery. Make a base of cement to Keep the stone firm the tender crosiers. This combination of green and gray is very lovely. In a large jar for ferns fully a third of the contents should consist of broken porous material with several inches of moss above. Light soil only should be used; often enough is taken up with ferns to sustain life indoors for months. Tin boxes can be made to fit any desired space, a strip of birch bark fastened around converting plebian material into something artistic. Anything of this sort should be painted inside to prevent rusting, and birch- bark baskets are more desirable if lined with tea lead. Another pretty device for holding potted ferns of generous growth may be made of a packing-box covered with bark and mounted on a rustic standard of the sawhorse style of construction. Such an arrangement is deco- rative indoors or out, and serves a double purpose if placed on a veranda just outside of a window. JANUARY, 1906 The limited list of summer ferns for use indoors is nearly all of the dryopteris family. Dryopteris spinulosa, var. intermedia is by far the most satisfactory. It is a beautiful fern of good texture; it is easily uprooted, rarely wilts, and will thrive anywhere if given decent treatment. It excels all other species in its indifference to change of light. _It is no small feat to get a good large plant un- broken out of a tangled mass of underbrush. There is but one way, to tuck the roots under one’s arm, holding the fronds back with the elbow, and then go ahead. I have thus secured many superb plants in perfect_condi- tion for indoor decoration. The type shield fern (D. spinulosa) is also of service. It usually grows more in the open than either of its varieties, hence requires a well-lighted room in order to hold its own. The spreading shield fern (D. spinulosa, var. dilatata) is big and plumy, beautiful in the right place. The marginal shield fern (D. marginalis) is of a rich blue-green color, good for contrasting effects; it bleaches quickly in shaded rooms, but holds its green color for many months in stronger light. The Christmas fern (Polystichum acros- tichoides) is especially effective potted with the maidenhair or the hardy shield fern. A long, drooping specimen sweeping the air from the top of a bookcase or other elevation is very striking. The endurance of this fern depends largely upon whether the roots were disturbed in transplanting and on the advance of fructification. I never knew a matured specimen with heavily fruited tips to be of much service indoors, but sterile plants often keep in fair condition six or eight months. THE MAIDENHAIR FOR SECOND CHOICE The native maidenhair (Adiantum peda- tum) is second only to the hardy shield fern (D. spinulosa, var. intermedia), and is to many eyes more beautiful. No comparison however should be made, as they are of dis- tinct types. } Cover the base with moss and plant hardy ferns like the purple cliff brake and your rocKery is complete in about three feet of water. The most double of all the white water-lilies (Nymphaea Richardsoni). The flowers are not odorous It does best The sweet-scented water-lily has good garden varieties or hybrids. Nymphaea Luct- ana here shown is rosy pink and twice as large as the common white ones The Hardy Water-Lilies Worth Growing—By Henry S. Conard i” NUMBER VI OF THE ‘‘LITTLE MONOGRAPHS”’ OF GARDEN GENERA—A SERIES OF ARTICLES SUPPOSED TO BE POND of water-lilies is a possibility for anyone who can give two square feet of water surface in a sunny spot. If you do, make a water garden have it near at hand so you can see the flowers when at their best, and with all hardy water-lilies we must count on enjoying them in the morn- ing or early afternoon. The flowers close at specific times for each kind, varying from noon to four or, at least, five o’clock. A GARDEN IN A TUB Water-lilies in tubs are better than nothing at all. A kerosene barrel sawed in half will furnish two tubs, each big enough for one plant. The tubs should be well washed out and soaked for some time in water, in order to remove as much as possible of the oil and the glue which is put on to render the vessel tight. Three or four days to a week will suffice for this. It will be better, though not essential, to have the tub sunk about half its depth in the earth, so as to keep the roots cool. For though the leaves and flowers love sunshine, the black ooze in which the roots naturally live is always cool. MAKING THE COMPOST Fill the tub half or two-thirds with a mixture of equal parts good garden soil and well-rotted cow manure. When setting out the plant spread out the roots well, and after filling in the soil cover with an inch of sand Fill up the tub with water and our little water-lily pond is complete. The addition of a little water every day or two, to replace what is lost by evaporation, is all the fur- ther attention that will be needed until winter sets in. If old cow manure is not available use ground bone—a small double handful is enough for such a tub as is described. The sand for covering is not a necessity, but it serves to keep in place the earth and manure. One caution—do not use mud or swamp muck in the water garden. If I am to choose one water-lily only for such a small effort, I will take the little Chinese pigmy water-lily, Nymphea tetra- gona. It is the most satisfactory, because it will quickly cover the water with its small horseshoe-shaped leaves. These are dark green, with faint and picturesque brown blotches on the upper surface, dull red be- neath, and the combination is rich in color. Then again, it is a good plant for flowering— a good specimen will keep up a continuous succession of its little star-like flowers throughout the season, from June to Sep- tember. Often two or three flowers will be open at once. The eight or ten snowy petals surround a group of stout golden stamens, and in the centre is a broad, yellow, basin-shaped stigma. The flower opens each day about noon and closes again at five in the afternoon, repeating this on three or four successive days. It exhales a delicate fragrance, like that of a tea rose. If a change from the pure white is wanted we may choose one of the smaller hybrids of the pigmy water-lily. For bright yellow take the yellow pigmy (Nymphea tetragona, var. helvola), similar in size and in habit of An artistic water garden. Notice the grassy margin, instead of concrete; the flowing, graceful outline, instead of the unnatural circle or square; and the interesting hardy plants in the border, instead of the everlasting canna, castor oil and ageratum 279 JUICIER AND RATHER MORE ACCURATE THAN THE OLD-STYLE BLOODLESS BOTANY growth, but the flower is bright yellow and the leaves are very heavily blotched with distinct reddish-brown patches. It gets these characteristics from the native Mexican water-lily (NV. Mexicana), which is found in Florida, Texas and Mexico. This is a very peculiar species, scarcely hardy as far north as Philadelphia, and certainly cannot be classed as a hardy garden plant. For, though it will exist in water of a depth of three feet, it will not bloom if left continu- ously out of doors. It is a shy bloomer even at its best. For those who prefer pink there is the Laydeker’s pink pigmy (Nymphea Laydekeri, var. rosea), another hybrid of the Chinese water-lily. It resembles its Chinese parent in size, habit and character of leaf. The flowers, however, which are produced in great num- bers, are more cup-shaped. When the flower first opens the petals are of a delicate shell pink. On subsequent days the inner petals change to rose, and finally to a deep carmine rose color, with two or three flowers of different ages open at once. These three pigmy varieties are neat enough in all surety, but will only be chosen for a small tank or a Japanese garden, where everything is done on a miniature scale. FOR GARDENS OF FOUR FEET SQUARE In the next sized garden, where four feet square or perhaps more can be given to a plant, a very wide choice presents itself. We may now have white, yellow, pink, orange or deep-red flowers, and, whereas the very small gardens we have to be content with flowers about two inches, we will now be able to grow some six or eight inches across. And we can use the half barrels, sunk bodily in the tank or pond, for tubs in which to set the plants. Still better will it be to have tubs three to six feet in diameter for the plants, and set three stocks of a kind in each tub. This insures a continuity of bloom. For the smaller spaces, of say two to four feet square, Marliac’s yellow (Nymphaea Marliacea, var. chromatella), the N. Laydekeri 4 280 | varieties and N. exquisita will do well. But the great majority will not do their best on a water surface less than four feet square. The first named (chromatella) is decidedly the hardiest and most satisfactory of all the garden water-lilies. It is also one of the oldest, dating from about 1888. The flower is bright yellow, and on its first day sits like a golden cup on the water. It has other very decided claims to favor: A single stock will give a continuous bloom from the first of June until frost, and often there will be two flowers open at once. The leaves usually float on the water, and are beautifully mottled with reddish brown. But in shallow water, or when crowded, both leaves and flowers rise several inches into the free air and grow with a look of rank luxuriance. The plant increases rapidly in favorable circumstances, so that the possessor of a single shoot will soon be able to supply his neighbors. It is perfectly hardy, even in water so shallow that it must certainly freeze to the bottom. The fragrant yellow water-lily (NV. odorata, var. sulphurea) is more delicate, and is easily distinguished when out of flower because the blotched leaves are always floating. The flower is composed of slender spreading petals. Its chief interest lies in the fact that it is the offspring of two native species (lV. odorata and N. Mexicana). SOME REALLY GOOD WHITE HYBRIDS Among whites none of the wild species is sufficiently free-flowering to win a place in a small collection. We have, how- ever, some superb varieties. I think JN. Gladstoniana is the best of these. It is thoroughly hardy and a stronger grower. The leaves are of a rich green color, and may reach ten or twelve inches across. Of the flower what shall I say? Its many snowy petals stand out in all directions, making an airy sphere of glistening whiteness six or eight inches in diameter. The flower opens early in the morning and does not close until two or three o’clock in the afternoon, and often reappears on four successive days. The plant will give a goodly number also from a single shoot in a season, though there must be three or four shoots to insure con- tinuous bloom. The only quality that this water-lily lacks is a sweet scent. NN. Robinsont, one of the yellow-red flowered group. The flowers of this float on the water THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Tames Brydon has a gorgeous garnet-red flower. Notice the open centre. A young flower Similar to this in its flower is the white Marliac lily (NV. Marliacea, var. albida), a very rank grower, which often raises its dark-green leaves and flowers well above the water. A GROUP OF REDS AND ROSES There are two red-flower Marliac lilies of identical habit with the preceding, but one (N. M., var carnea) has light, pearly, pink flowers, the other (NV. M., var. rosea) is deep rose. None of the three can be said to bloom freely. MN. Wm. Doogue resembles N. M., var. carnea, but has larger flowers, sometimes six inches across, and rather more of them. It is of American origin, while all the Marl- acea and Laydekeri varieties are French and take their group names from their raisers. THE CAPE COD WATER-LILY The flowers have the slender, graceful petals of the common white pond-lily and the delicious scent of that species, but are of a beautiful rose pink color. As in the type species the flowers open about six A. M. or earlier and close about noon, but this variety has the peculiarity of keeping its sepals continuously open. The closed flower there- fore forms an ovate mass of pink, stand- ing on a four-rayed star of dull white. It is a shy bloomer, and must be raised in considerable numbers to give a good effect. It is impatient of the summer heat of Phila- delphia, but does well in its chief habitat, Cape Cod. One of the Marliac group, called N. exquisita, is a more vigorous and more floriferous variety. THE DEEP RED WATER-LILIES The flowers of the deep red varieties are more or less cup-shaped, i. e., the petals are erect and concave. From a pale pink on the outermost petals the color deepens toward the centre of the flower to a deep crimson. The stamens are crimson or deep orange red on the outer face, with bright orange or yellow anther cells. In full sunshine the effect is rich and striking. ‘The plants are strong growers for the most part, but slow to propagate. They produce a JANUARY, 1906 fine circle of large round leaves and a goodly number of their magnificent blooms, which often reach five or six inches across. The splendid coloring of this group is derived from the Swedish water-lily (NV. alba, var. rubra), which is very hard to tame. It has been grown with tolerable success in northern New York and in Massachusetts, but is not to be recommended. N. sanguinea has flowers of rosy, purple-spotted carmine; Laydekert purpurata is rosy crimson with orange-red stamens; Wm. Falconer, bright garnet and as much as seven inches across, perhaps the most gorgeous of the lot; James Gurney, smaller and dark rose, and James Brydon are among the best known of these. A distinct and beautiful series of varieties in which red and yellow are blended has been produced by combining the Swedish water- lily with our native yellow water-lily (N. Mexicana). The effect of the deep red in the centre of the flower with pale yellow on the outer petals is extremely striking. The brown blotching of the leaves which is seen in most of these red-yellow water-lilies is inherited from the American parent. For small gardens or where one does not want to get off with a minimum of labor these are ideal plants. They do not spread rapidly but maintain a single strong shoot, from which an ample supply of leaves and flowers arises. NV. Robinsoni and N. Seignoreti are the oldest and best known of this group. The former bears a peculiar “‘ear-mark,”’ by which it may always be recognized. As in all the nymphzas, the leaf is round, and attached to the petiole near the centre. On the basal side a deep cleft divides the leaf from the margin, nearly or quite to the petiole. The borders of this cleft are very constantly smooth and entire. But in NV. Robinsoni there is a peculiar crimped notch on each side, midway of the cleft; it also has floating flowers, where- as those of its companion stand six inches above the water. The bright combination of yellow, orange and red which, characterizes the flowers of this group is suggested by the name of one of the most recent members, N. Aurora, the flowers of which, opening with a yellowish color, get redder and redder as they age. The flower of N. Aurora opens yellow and gradually becomes redder as it ages. An old flower JANUARY, 1906 If you have a large pond there will be room for the less floriferous varieties. The com- mon pond-lily (NV. odorata), unequalled for sweetness, may be planted. Words cannot picture a large bed of this in full bloom. It is one of those things that one must see to know its beauty and charm. The northern N. tuberosa is a more rampant grower, and indeed it will take complete possession of the pond if not opposed. Its flowers are large, pure white, but scentless and few in number. Ample space will also make it well worth while to plant N. odorata, var. rosea, the pink Cape Cod variety. The fact that it makes few flowers to a shoot is lost sight of in a large bed. In the shallows N. odorata, var. minor will do well. It is a diminutive odorata, which can get on fairly well even if the water completely dries away from around it. TWO EXCELLENT KINDS FOR DEEP WATER Those hitherto mentioned will as a rule give best results in water having a depth of from one to two feet above the root-stocks. NN. odorata and N. tuberosa it is true will stand three or four feet. But for depths of two to five feet N. alba, var. candidissima is to be recommended. Large plants of this will make a wide spread of 10-inch leaves, and will produce splendid white flowers from the first of June until frost. This is one of the earliest bloomers in spring. It is exceed- ingly strong and hardy. For depths of water up to eight or ten feet the giant Southern pond-lily (NV. odorata, var. gigantea) is best. It is little more than a large odorata. The leaves reach a foot or more in diameter, the flowers four or five inches. HANDLING CUT FLOWERS Water-lilies do well as cut flowers if they are properly handled. The flower selected for cutting must be newly opened. In nature the life of each bloom is limited to three or four days, but in the house it may keep a day or two longer. Occasionally death seems THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to overtake the motor centres while the flower is still open, and then it remains several days before the petals wither. The new flower may be recognized by these features: (1) The stamens spread apart at the centre of the flower, leaving a free passage down to the stigma; (2) the anthers are plump and round and have not yet begun to shed any pollen; (3) the basin-like stigma is filled with liquid excreted from its surface. The flower stalk is scarcely able to supply the petals with water; the cut flower should be floated in a dish or, if placed in a vase, the vase should be full to the brim with water, the flower projecting as little as possible. When carried from the sunny garden into the house the flower is likely to close, on account of the diminished light, but it will open again next morning as well as if it were outside. More than sixty named varieties of nym- phea have been placed on the market. Many of them are so much alike that only the professional can distinguish them, and even he must often depend on the label for cer- tainty. The following table will aid in iden- tifying any of the hardy kinds. KEY TO THE HARDY WATER-LILIES Flowers yellow. Opening 11 to 12 aA. M. Spreading by runners.............-- N. Mexicana Without runners...... N. tetragona, var. helvola Opening from 7 to 8 a. M. Petals broad, concave; flower cup-shaped, N. Marliacea, var. chromatella Petals narrow, spreading........ WN. odorata, var. sulphurea and N. sulphurea, var. grandiflora Flowers pure white. Weavesoyatesysmalliserrjwi tage ererrereciel. WN. tetragona Leaves circular. Strongly sweet-scented. Flowers 2-5 in. across; lvs. 4-8 in...... WN. odorata Flowers 1-3 in. across; lvs. 3-5 in. .N. 0.,var. minor Flowers 3-6 in. across; lvs. 8-12 in..... N. 0., var. Odorless or nearly so. gigantea Petiole marked with longitudinal brown stripes, WN. tuberosa Flowers very double..N. t., var. Richardsonii Petiole uniformly colored. Sepals rounded to the receptacle. Always sterile. Flowers and leaves rising from the water, N. Marliacea, var. albida 281 Flowers and leaves floating, N. alba, var. candidissima Fertile. Petals spreading in all directions, W. Gladstoniana Flower more cup-shaped .......... N. alba Very double..... W. a., var. plenissima ..N. a., var. maxima Sepals joining the receptacle by a sharp angle, WN. candida Flowers red or pink. Flowers small, pink, opening about 11 A. M. Plant a single crown without offshoots, W. Laydekeri, var. rosea Plant with many side shoots, W. Laydekeri, var. prolifera Flowers 3-7 inches across. Petals all alike in color—pink. Leaves deep red beneath... N. odorata, var. rosea; WN. exquisita; N. rosacea Leaves pink or green beneath....N. Caroliniana; N. odorata, var. Luciana; N. tuberosa, var. rosea; N. t., var. superba Outer petals whitish, shading to pink or red at centre P , g P of flower. Plants very robust; fls. and lvs. rising above water. Flowers soft flesh pink...... WN. Marliacea, var. carnea; N. Wm. Doogue Flowers deep rose color. N. Marliacea,var. rosea Less robust; fls. floating, deep red at centre. Leaves blotched with brown. Flowers rosy lilac. .N. Laydekeri, var. lilecea Flowers deep red. Sepals and petals in fives..... N. gloriosa Sepals and petals in fours. Stamens deep orange. WN. Marliacea, var. flammea Stamens cardinal....N. Marliacea, var. ignea Leaves dark green. Fertile. Inner petals bright red. .N. alba, var. rubra Inner petals deep carmine....N. Froebelii Sterile hybrids. Flowers opening in early morning..N. Wm. Falconer; N. James Gurney; N. James Brydon Flowers opening after 9 a. m..N. Ellisiana; W. sanguinea; WN. Marliacea, var. rubro punctata; N. Laydekeri, var. purpurea Outer petals yellowish, shading to red at centre of flower Leaf with a notch on border of sinus. N.Robinsoni Sinus entire. N. Seignoreti; N. aurora; N. fulva; N. Andreana; N. lucida; N. Laydekeri fulgens; N. chrysantha; N. Arethusa; N. Arc-en-ciel This is one of two red French hybrid water-lilies, ranK-growing plants, often raising (N. Marliacea, var. rosea) both leaves and flowers above the water. The best of all the water-lilies for deep ponds is N. alba, var. candidissima. of the early bloomers, and it flowers from June to fros One gee: |THE SMALL Twelve-Ounce Peaches Grown Under Glass ESE is a special satisfaction in growing peaches under glass if you have the facilities. They come in before those out- doors and are unequaled for lusciousness. Of course they need a little heat in winter, but only a little. The tree from which I picked the peaches shown in the accompanying photograph has been in its present situation for four years, being two years old when planted. It carried over 300 peaches this season. The variety is Lady Palmerston, English, I believe, in origin. It is trained to a trellis in the greenhouse and covers a space of about 170 square feet. We consider peaches one of the most satisfactory crops to grow in a greenhouse. With average care in the keeping of the tree clean and ripening the ea oe A = Peaches weighing 11 3-4 and 12 ounces. Six trees in the greenhouse Keep fruit “in season’”’ from June 8th till late in September. Fancy 300 peaches ‘on a single six-year old tree! wood properly in the fall, a good crop can be depended on year after year. Very little fire heat is necessary, as frost won’t injure the trees through the winter. Unless the fruit is wanted very early the trees need not be started into growth before the first of March, and then a night temperature of 40° to 45° is high enough. The house, in which this tree is growing with five others, was started March ist, and we pulled the first fruit on June 8th. The trees we cultivate are so arranged that a supply is kept up from that time to the middle of September. The first to come in is Hale’s Early; the others, that follow in succession, are Royal George, Alexandria THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Noblesse, Princess of Wales, Sea Eagle and Lady Palmerston, the latter ripening its first fruits about the 6th of September. Most of the trees will maintain a supply from fourteen to eighteen days, so that there is very little break in the supply of peaches from the time the first fruits are pulled early in June until the last are gathered from the fifteenth to twentieth of September. New York. Wma. Scott. Sow Vegetables Now for Febru- ary and March Eating 6S ee big advantage the man with a small greenhouse has over a gardener who has only hotbeds looms up in January. You are almost sure to catch cold if you run out bareheaded in January or February to adjust the ventilators. Moreover, you can control conditions so much better that you can raise fresh vege- tables for use in February and March in less time and with more certainty than you can in hotbeds. The most practical things for this purpose are lettuce, radishes and spinach, but you ought to have the other easy, short- season crops, to wit, watercress, spearmint, and mustard (how Englishmen adore these greens), all of which you can eat in February. You can have in March beans, beets and garden cress. Of course there is no excuse for not having parsley all the year round. A patch three feet square is enough for a faisily of four. And why not try a crop of mushrooms under the benches, even if January is a little late? For you it is a by-product, because you have to supply heat and care anyhow. If you get a crop that lasts through February and March, you can treat your neighbor who has only hotbeds. If not, all right—it has cost you nothing but the spawn. The Southerner’s Reminder N the latitude of Richmond the great item is the preparation of hotbeds. Sow in hotbeds lettuce and radishes for use in Feb- ruary; beets for March; early cabbage, cauliflower and onions for April. Start in a hotbed pansies and other flower seeds which you want to bloom a month earlier than if sown outdoors. The young plants may be set out early in April, and will bloom in May. Cut saplings for bean poles and brush for peas. In the latitude of New Orleans the planting season is at its height. Set out every kind of fruit tree and plant. Make cuttings of LeConte pears, Marianna plums, pomegranates, and Scuppernong or other Southern grapes. Dig borers out of peach trees. Sow all hardy vegetables outdoors and start in a hotbed the tender ones, e.g., tomatoes, eggplants and peppers. Plant roses and other bushes and sow all annuals and perennial flowers. Dig up, divide and replant such perennials as are not hardy North, e. g., cannas, cala- diums and verbenas. JANUARY, 1906 “Ree 2 Other Garden Problems Need Solving N THE November number we mentioned twenty problems like that of fringed gentian culture which would make delightful studies for amateurs. Here are some more. We offer $5.00 for the best answer to any of these questions. For conditions, see the November number. 21. How to get rid of chickweed that is ruining a lawn. 22. How can we get a good white lily for the million; one that will not be capricious, like L. candidum, and will be hardier than L. longiflorum? 23. What device for growing house plants, costing $10 or less, can a renter have which will avoid the chills and draughts of the window sill, dirty water on the carpet, the moving of heavy objects, and the excessive heat and dryness of the ordinary living room ? 24. What kind of flowers has given you a continuous sheet of bloom—not scattering blossoms—for the longest possible period, say three months, and how did you get the - results ? 25. How can we keep up a big yield of sweet peas right through the dog days in spite of red spider, and without spending an unreasonable amount of time in picking pods? 26. Can you prove that any important plants are lime lovers, and that others are lime haters ? 27. Who can show the best record of rhododendrons or laurel raised from seed ? (Amateurs only.) 28. How can you cure or prevent the China aster disease ? 29. Can you devise a simple little floral clock of garden flowers which will not cost more than $50? 30. Who can show the greatest improve- ment in our native asters? 31. In hepaticas ? 32. Who grows perfectly healthy holly- hocks without spraying in a neighborhood where the disease exists ? 33. How can we get larger and more perfect flowers of golden glow without staking the plants? 34. Who can discover a sure and simple way of growing the largest of all poppies— Romneya Coulteri? 35. Who can report the best success in the North with Southern Allegheny plants e. g., galax, leucothoe, Khododen- dron Catawbiense, Azalea Vaseyi, etc.? JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 983 YOU NEED THIS CATALOGUE IF YOU HAVE FIFTY SQUARE FEET OR FIFTY ACRES TO BEAUTIFY ET all the pleasure out of your garden and grounds that is possible. deal of satisfaction if he, or she, fails to read and study our new catalogue. It is full of helpful, valuable suggestions that are well worth following. You will consider it one of the best, most interesting and instructive ever issued. Not the largest, because it is a time-saver,—condensed, accurate, concise. Exaggerated descriptions, useless adjectives and misleading illustrations find no place in it. You will be glad to own a copy. It describes, illustrates and offers at exceptionally attractive rates, one of the finest collections of Hardy, Ornamental Trees in the world. Think of it! Not half of the grades we are growing are listed, yet this edition offers: The planter of Hardy Plants misses a great 254 varieties of Hardy Trees in 459 grades, Wistaria, Trumpet Creeper, Ivies, etc. Wery low prices for such Which include everything desirable. Read about the rare Franklin vigorous stock. Tree, the most interesting tree in American cultivation. ere $ Bare : 443 varieties of Hardy Perennials. 391 varieties of Hardy Shrubs in 619 grades. $ ee s y 5 : , All the good plants are offered—many could not be readily obtained (A most conservative count) in very choicest assortment. Phlox, Iris, from any other source. The special offers are very attractive. Larkspurs, Anemones, Foxgloves, etc., fine stock and all they cost is 153 varieties of Hardy Evergreens in 291 grades. $3.75 for 25 strong, healthy plants, packed and shipped with more = 2 care and in far better condition than you have been accustomed to. If Of many forms and colors. These are beautiful plants and will surely y i you leave the selection to us, we will ship 100 choice plants, selected please their purchasers. All have been transplanted frequently. with great care, for $10.00. It is well to add that our collection of One of our very rare Chinese Trees—hardy. Pho- tographed November Ist, 1905—notice its perfect foliage, which shows bright and glossy-green long after most trees have lost their leaves. SPECIAL OFFER 67 varieties of Hardy Vines in 128 grades. Paeonies cannot be surpassed—nearly 300,000 plants and many of the 2 The good, old-fashioned vines are in this assortment, as well as the most desirable sorts cannot be obtained elsewhere. We own all of Order to plants of the magnificent best of the new kinds. Especially strong, Honeysuckles, Actinidia, Terry's wonderful collection. new white Iris Silver King when answering this advertisement and we will send great, strong plants for $1.50. Delightfully fragrant, strong grower, profuse in flowering, excel- lent for cutting for indoor decoration, keeps long whencut. As near pure white as can be found in the Iris family. Easily worth 25c. each. All of these are desirable. Many beautiful kinds are rare and almost unknown. You may as well have a few choice plants in your garden or on your lawn—some kinds which everyone does not have—especially when they cost no more than common sorts. We surely have what you need. No matter where you live, we can deliver our strong, healthy stock to you in execellent condition—California or New Zealand not too far away. We ship over all the world. It is to your profit to deal with us. Take advantage of our ‘‘Special Information Department.’’ It saves thousands of dollars for planters by advising how to arrange their gardens and grounds in a most artistic and least expensive manner. No other establishment has one so well organized. Send ro cents in postage. We will then place your name on our mailing list and forward our catalogue, and the useful and interesting booklets, folders, circulars, special offers, etc., issued from time to time. You may then receive the full benefit or our Special Information Department, services of which you will find valuable. Tell us all about your property, sending photographs or a rough plan if possible. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc. fi3y"treee 2nd play Box R, Germantown, Phila. Pa. AND NATURE STUDY were never more popular than now. ‘The leader of this move- ment, more than anyother person, is John Burroughs. The new Riverby Edition of his complete writings is richly illustrated with views from Nature and is an un- usually beautiful series of books in every way. The price is low and payments only two dollars a month. A BURROUGHS ESSAY FREE One of the most interesting sub- jects now being discussed is ‘* Do Animals Think and Reflect ?”’ We will send a complete chapter on this subject from Burrough’s latest book if you will send name and address on this blank. The ANGLE LAMP Kerosene is the best of all illuminants and the cheapest. The Angle Lamp makes it also the most satisfactory. It is the best of all kerosene Jamps. Constructed on entirely different principles from the old-fashioned lamps, it makes kerosene (or petroleum) As Convenient as Gas or Electricity It is lighted and extinguished like gas. May be turned high or low without odor. No smoke, no danger. Filled while lighted and without moving. Requires filling but once or twice a week. It floods a room with its beautiful, soft, mellow light that has no equal. The Angle Lamp has completely superseded ordinary jamps and other unsatisfactory or unreliable systems, and is constantly replacing gas and electricity in the homes of those who cater to com- fort and health. Just sit down and write for our catalogue ‘‘ 41 ”’ and our proposition for selling on Px 30 DAYS’ TRIAL Do it now—right away. It will tell you more facts about the How and Why of good light than you can learn in a lifetime’s experience with poor methods. THE ANGLE MFG. CO., 78-80 Murray St., New York NGI CMe re Scent Address ..... 5g SHEBAA o'Gs OOOO ROU SU EL San IE BREE eu lad Sastoen AC a ECt RE aRaneEReon (Gar. 1 F.) HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 4 Park St., Boston, or 85 Fifth Ave., New York 284 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 USE Pearline Instead $ Woolens << Ask your Dealer FOR THE FERRIS Hams and Bacon The Quality is There ! Fruit and Ornamental Trees Evergreens Shade Trees Flowering tS) lol ge Tl |o) § R 0.8 € Ss Pa lemes Camellias and Vines in great variety BIOTA AUREA NANA SPECIAL DEPARTMENT FOR LANDSCAPE GARDENING Half a century in the business is a guar- antee of high quality of our products SHIPMENTS SAFELY MADE TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD Catalog Free Established 1856. 460 Acres in Nurseries P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (Inc.) Fruitland Nurseries, - AUGUSTA, GA. Big Crops on Old Currant Bushes After Years of Neglect ee years ago, when we began the recovery of an abandoned home in New Hampshire, we found among other unex- pected assets buried in grass and weeds a row of four currant bushes, or rather a disreputable lot of black, knotty sticks, not over eighteen inches high, of unnumbered years. When the turf was removed, and the earth dug over for a space of two feet on either side These old currant bushes which had not borne for years bore a good crop the first year after a little pru- ning and fertilizing in the fall of them, and the dead wood cut out, the few living twigs with scanty foliage looked even more unpromising than when in their knee- high tangle. That summer the entire yield from four bushes was a pint of fruit. As I had never owned a currant bush before, I was grateful for this small favor, though I forgot to count it among my blessings. Further pruning was given the row in the autumn, and it was then covered with a foot of manure. The following spring a part of the dressing was dug in about the roots with the spading fork, for our soil is naturally thin and gravelly even for New Hampshire, and more was added. This served the double pur- pose of mulch and fertilizer through the summer and protection to the roots in the winter. ‘The second summer the yield was two and a half quarts of fair-sized currants. This treatment of removing the old wood and fertilizing every autumn has gone on for ten years, and such a row of currant bushes as we now have would be hard to match. Some of the bearing stalks are fifty-eight inches high, and a single bush yielded this summer a peck of currants of superior size and flavor. Meantime two new bushes had been added, and the row, now numbering six, bore over a bushel of fruit. The enemy of the currant bush is the cur- rant worm, which appears quite unexpect- edly when the bushes are in full leaf, and, if neglected, will destroy the greater part of the foliage in a single day. A safe and sure When the Snow Flies, and biting, frosty air roughens the skin, use Mennen’s—it ca” the skin just right, A positive relief for chapped hands, chafing and all skin troubles. Mennen’s face on every box —be sure that you getthe genuine. For sale everywhere or by mail, 25e. Sample free. 7xy Mennen's Violet Talcum. GERHARD MENNEN Co., Newark, N. J, TRADE-MARK Is Guaranteed to go twice as far as paste or liquid polishes. X-Ray gives a quick, brilliant lustre and DOES NOT BURN OFF. FREE Saviple sent 77 you address Dept. 9 LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Agts., 78 Hudson St., Nae York Rudyard Kipling’s Famous Books Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50 The Five Nations. Net, $1.40. Postage, 14 cents Just So Stories. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents The Just So Song Book. Net, $1.20. Postage, 12 cents Kim. $1.50 The Day’s Work. $1.50 Stalky & Co. $1.50 The Brushwood Boy. $1.50 Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50 The Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00 Life’s Handicap: Being Stories of Mine Own People. $1.50 Under the Deodars, The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.°0 From Sea to Sea. Two volumes. $2.00 The Light That Failed. $1.50 Soldier Stories. $1.56 With Wolcott Balestier, The Naulahka. $1.50 Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads. $1.50 Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, and In Black and White. $1.50 Published and sent on receipt of price by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 985 meme SIUDY COURSES ER YONE interested in farming or gardening, everyone who owns or who expects to own a suburban or a country home, should know about The Home Study Courses in Agri- culture, Horticulture, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture, which we_ offer under Prof. Wm. P. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural College and Prof. John Craig of Cornell University. There is money and pleasure, too, in farming and gardening, in the growing of fruit and of flowers, for those who understand the ways how and the reasons why of modern agriculture. A knowledge of landscape gardening and flori- culture is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who is interested in these matters is invited to send for a free copy of our eighty-page catalogue and full information in regard to our home study courses. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ae P. BROOKS JOHN CRAIG Dept. 8, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Professor of Agriculture in the Massachusetts Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University Agricultural College | [RON Garden | TREES and SHRUBS Implements Immense quantities. Low Prices. Price-list on application. has just arrived in splendid condition and we can fill orders for immediate delivery. Write eRe ES a pleasure ora ° . TO 1ey double your capacit P S | : : especially inthe early growing time w hee e O Nn 1 e S a p e C 1 a LE VY for catalogue or see advertisement in October or is Snir quick action. Send for our s i oie pee ook, “Iron Age,’ describing Seed Drills, Wheel T if November numbers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. Hoes, Potato Planters, Hand Cultiv vators, etde PETERSON NU RSERY BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, Grenloch, N, J, ‘ ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, Pittsburg, Pa. Riaie Supports ss RratesecoG@aALECIDE an. tomatoes carnations, peonies, and the most economical for progressive growers. | GUARANTEED TO KILL SAN JOSE SCALE WITHOUT INJURY TO THE TREE IGOE BROTHERS, 228 N. gth St., Brooklyn, INES Efficient and economical. Sample and experiment station endorsements on application. B. G. PRATT CO., 11 Broadway, N. Y, sro W. Peterson Ave. - - CHICAGO, ILL. “The Automobile Thorough with a reputation Craftsmanship To combine light- ness and beauty with solidity and strength, requires the rare rwark- manship for which Studebaker Sleighs and Carri- ages are famous. The knowledge that every joint of every Studebaker vehicle is perfectly made, that every inch of material has been tested and found faultless, creates a confidence that matches the admiration called forth by the surpassing Studebaker finish. Studebaker harness and accessories are made with consistent strength and finish. They contribute a distinct share toward the favorable impression which Of the car unknown and unproved, it is wisdom to be wary— well to test before you trust. With the Studebaker Automobile, reverse this plan and trust in the name, for each of its parts from steering-wheel to tire spells reliability. Here is a car showing intelligent ap- preciation of motoring from its every side. It responds at par to the demands of safety, power, comfort and simplicity. Mechan- ical science has dictated its principles, long experience the relative strength of its parts. Studebaker Electrics and Studebaker 4-Cylinder Cars—Write for complete Catalogues always attends a Studebaker turnout. STUDEBAKER AUTOMOBILE CO., South Bend, Ind. STUDEBAKER BROS. MFG. CO., South Bend, Ind. A gencies in all Principal Cities Members Association Licensed Automobile Mfrs. Local Agencies Everywhere REPOSITORIES: New York City: Broadway and 7th Ave., at 48th St. Chicago, IIl.: 378-388 Wabash Ave. Kansas City, Mo.: 810-814 Walnut St. San Francisco, Cal.: Corner Market and Ioth Sts. Portland, Ore.: 330-336 East Morrison St. Salt Lake City, Utah: 157-159 State St. Dallas, Texas: 317-319 Elm St. Denver, Colo.: Corner 1sth and Blake Sts. Factory and Executive Offices: SOUTH BEND, IND. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 286 — - Iné Garden /Tagazine CUCUMBERS IN MARCH The garden at its best is only four months of possibilities—the greenhouse is an all year round proposition. You spend endless effort and money in the four garden months, while the remaining eight are dreary wastes. In truth the greenhouse simply multiplies the garden’s possibilities, giving you tomato, cauli- flower, egg plants, celery plants, etc. of the choicest, stockiest growth, with a goodly start ready to plant out early in the spring. These plants have twice the vigor of the usual market ones and come to fruit a full two or three weeks before the others. Tomatoes planted in the greenhouse now, will yield delicious delicately flavored fruit in March, when prices of Southern grown are away up and quality is away down. Along with tomatoes come beans, beets, melons, and that crispy, appetizing delicacy, the much maligned cucumber. Of course lettuce, spinach, parsley, radishes and cress you can always count on having in the greenhouse. So much for vegetables, and nothing said about the violets, roses, carnations, azaleas, Easter lilies, and so on through the endless flower possibles adding the beautiful to the practical side of owning your own greenhouse. A lean-to house at $500.00 ; one with a single apartment and potting shed like the illustration; then the two-compartment house for growing plants requiring different temperatures: three kinds of houses Write for collection of cuts—U-A. we would like to send you information about. BURNHAM-HITCHINGS-PIERSON COMPANY Greenhouse Designers and Manufacturers 1133 Broadway, Corner 26th Street, New York Boston Branch, 819 Tremont Building SPRAYING INDOOR PLANTS For spraying plants indoors and out, the LENOX IMPROVED SPRAYER is the most serviceable for the house and garden. House plants generally suffer from lack of moisture, such as rain or the morning dew give them. This produces a misty shower that supplies the plant most naturally and completely, as absolutely necessary to real success with house plants. SEICMENGAUNIE THE LEAVES | Spraying for insects and dust, it reaches every part of the plant over and zz/er the leaves, where insects breed. Spraying with tobacco water will surely kill these enemies. Had we the space, we could tell you many things about your plants, how essential it is to spray them while in the house, on the under side of the leaves. Sent complete, with a cake of tobacco soap free. cts | Make asuds and spray. Your plants will surprise you. 5 Oo How much Mother would like one, for her plants! Post- paid THE LENOX MFG. CO., 1292 Broadway, New York JANUARY, 1906 _remedy to use is one-half teaspoonful of paris green well mixed in a quart of flour. This dusted over the bushes wherever the worms are at work will destroy them at once. The crop from one bush after the first year was one peck of luscious berries. Is it not worth the trouble? However, it is well to keep close watch and repeat the dose if necessary, for the chances are that some will be overlooked. As the worms appear while the bushes are in flower, all trace of the poison is washed off by rains before the fruit is ready to gather. New Hampshire. HELEN R. ALBEE. Corn Transplanted When Twenty Inches High O* June 14th we transplanted some corn from sowings made May 8th and May 20th. This was done more to thin the rows and get it out of the way than with any hope of satisfactory results. Although nearly time came and replanted in the garden when twenty inches high. They bore good crops of ears two feet tall, when set out it flourished amaz- ingly and yielded a better crop than any one of four other plantings, giving us over a hundred ears from sixteen hills, more than six ears to a hill. The bearing season lasted from August 4th to 21st. Doubtless the experiment would have been a failure had we not taken precautions. We waited for a rain, and two days later, when the soil was dry enough to form a clump when lifted, we moved the roots with great care. The plants were covered with peach baskets for protec- tion from the sun until the roots had taken hold of their new surroundings. New York. I. M. A. JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE KODAK Home Portraiture By either daylight or flashlight is simple and interesting. Winter, indeed, is full of delights for the Kodaker. Portrait studies, evening groups and snowscapes allhave their fascinations. Thesuccessful methods are clearly explained in our Kodak books. “‘Amateur Portraiture by PIESUITFR i ?? by Wn. S. Ritch, . $ .10 ‘* Home Portraiture,’’ by F. M. Steadman, .25 ** Modern Way in Picture Making’’ con= tains full text of both of above, and special articles by the leading author= ities, including Stieglitz, Eickemeyer, Dugmore, Demachy, etc., 200 pages beautifully illustrated. Bound in cloth. The most clear, concise and compre= hensive book GS published -OP the amateur, = = 2 = 1.00 All Kodak Dealers or by mati. EASTMAN KODAK CoO. Rochester, N. Y., The Kodak City. The Agricultural Experts Association GEORGE T. POWELL, President 120 Broadway : - NEW YORK XAMINATION of soils to determine condition and methods for improvement. Laying out of country estates, including architect’s services, residences, greenhouses and other buildings. | Building and landscape gardening. Problems relating to engineer- | ing and sanitation. Selection and purchase of blooded stock. Consultation on all land problems. Correspondence invited. SUN-DIALS trated Mon- with or without PEDESTALS A ee List H | ‘ x, thly Magazine Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Co. | | a Devoted to Houses New Yors Oice, 3123 Broadway Mt. Vernon, N. Y. and Gardens and to Interior Decorating and Flashes of Insight im > Furnishing “Every congregation cannot hear ‘ - You will be delighted wit HOUSE AND GARDEN. the most judicious or powerful Every issue is interesting and the suggestions of its practical Re ors saiery singl articles can be turned at once into real improvements at your te 2 D SEAS? (VAL STOL house, both inside and outdoors. The illustrations are really luxurious; each number has lots of them may read the books of the most and the whole magazine is very carefully printed on the finest coated paper powerful and judicious.’’ | FEATURES FOR 1906 —RICHARD BAXTER. Illus- We can mention only a few of the many attractive and helpful contributions which we have ready oe | for future issues. Miss Margaret Greenleaf, the well-known expert on house decoration and furnish- HE writings of Prot. | ing, is writing a series of articles with suggestions for the Small House; Herbert Everett on ‘‘How to eS Hang Pictures;’’ reproductions of Victor Mindeleft’s beautiful wall panels; notable articles by Ralph Ee Max MULLER on Adams Cram and Frank Miles Day on the designing of dwelling houses; fireproof homes; houses made of glass throughout—are some of the good things to appear in early issues. i 10°] The Garden Numbers, in the early spring, will tell fully how to plan and make the garden— Life and Religion are the kitchen and flower garden, as well as the lawn around the house—and will be illustrated with S Se 7 plans and photographs. all-powerful and judicious ; We have also many pictures of new American country estates which have never yet been published : : | and our correspondents abroad have sent us some fascinating examples of the new and old houses in and stimulating. | {§ which our foreign cousins live. But we have | not space to tell you all about it. We want O you to try being a subscriber. CUT OUT THIS COUPON AND MAIL IT WITH $1.00.. ..- ($1.65 postpaid) Se: \ INSTON CO G Subscription $3.00 a year in advance mw: y THE Oras : -MONTH’ y ich send me H d Gard TH ADE COUT LEE CTE WORLDS am ee ee OM Uhocrivencutees wercciatcrialeubecrsptons (MAGAZINE + * IN AMERICA * : s : DOVBLEDAY - PAGE « CO - NEW - YORK SBE OU Cs WINSTON, CO. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO TORONTO : Address scons ceres werceicncin cco Dela tise cia toe are mars 288 EMS ss TS, i. S ‘ G | rape \ 1nes N° garden is complete without a sufficient number of grape vines to supply an abundance of this delicious fruit. For nearly 40 years we have been furnishing high-grade vines for this purpose. ( We will send ten large vines of the best table varieties, including three red, three white and four black, for $1.00, delivered free. Send for our elegant Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue and Price-list. It will tell you how to plant, cultivate and train them. T. S. HUBBARD CO. Grape Vine Specialists Freponia, N. Y. The Best Fruit Paper is The Fruit-Grower, published monthly at St. Joseph, Mo. The reg- ular subscription price is a dollar a year, but if you will write for free sample copy and mention this paper, you will receive a proposition whereby you may secure it one year WITHOUT COST. Every one who has a few fruit trees or a garden, should read | ius SIU TTUIN Every issue is handsomely illustrated and from 32 to 64 pages a month filled with interesting matter pertaining to fruit-growing and gardening. The first four issues of 1906 will be handsome special numbers devoted to the following subjects: January, The Horticul- tural Societies; February, Spraying; March, Gar- . are dening; April, Small Fruits, Any one of these " numbers will be worth a dollarto you. We publish TRADE MARK | the “ Brother Jonathan Series’’ of fruit books. Send BRO. JONATHAN your name and learn how to secure these books free. Fruit-Growet Co., 404 S: 7th St., St. Joseph, Mo. MAULE’S SEEDS LEAD ALL Illustrated Catalogue free WM. HENRY MAULE 1711 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OUR PLANTS, ROSES, Seeds, Shrubs, FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES have been the standard of excellence for over half acentury. You take no chances in buy- ing of us, as no fairer prices are quoted on high quality goods. The best are always most satisfactory in results. We mail postpaid Seeds, Roses, Plants, Bulbs, Vines, etc., and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction; larger by express or freight. You will be interested in our extraordinary cheap offers of over half a hundred choice collections of Seeds, Plants, Roses, Etc. Your address on a postal will bring you our elegant 168-page Catalogue FREE. Send for it to-day and see what values we give for a little money. 52 years. 44 greenhouses, 1200 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 179, PAINESVILLE, OHIO. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 gi a 8 ‘ 2 see. A California Cactus Garden HAT we have a few worthy collections of cactus cannot be denied, but private very incomplete. Our climate is all that could be desired for the best growth of cacti, and good soils, aspects, etc., are _ easily obtained; even on the coast, almost within the reach of salt spray, the plants seem to thrive, though the general appearance is not so bright and clean as those grown further inland. One of the most interesting local collections, both by reason of its rare species, fine growth and general appearance, is in the grounds of J. G. Mossin, a banker of Los Angeles. This collection was planted by the writer several years ago and has been visited by him at least once each year since planting, to mark its almost phenomenal growth. S) Cacti grow amazingly if planted [in a bed of pre- pared soil. This border has a foot of sand, black muck, and humus. The large plant is Cereus Cochal e While none of the plants were more than a few inches high when planted, some have now attained ten or more feet of growth. No doubt this development has been due to the unusually fine condition of the bed previous to planting. In the old pueblo days of Los Angeles a zanja or water ditch, nearly three feet deep, ran through these grounds precisely under the present cactus garden and through its greatest length. This ditch was filled with stones, old bricks and mortar, tin cans and other rubbish. The soil on either side was banked high with frequent ditch clean- ings, composed of sand and “black muck,” with plenty of humus from decaying grass | and weeds. This soil was used for the last Absolutely Safe and Reliable HE Carica- turist depends mostly on distor- tion to raise a laugh. The dis- proportion of the collections are few in number and generally | Tank and Tower adjunct to a coun- try estate often spoils the effect for and visitor alike. owner With the Caldwell Outfits no such outrage is possible. They have intrinsic grace and beauty. W. E. CALDWEEE,€@: LOUISVILLE, KY. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of OrcHips in the United States LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. \f] PURE SHEEP MANURE A rich natural fertilizer, immediate and lasting in its effect. Unequalled for mixing with the soil for GREENHOUSE AND INDOOR PLANTS Try it on your garden crops. Especially good in the vegetable garden, promoting a steady rapid growth. 10 Ibs., 35e. 50 Ibs., $1.00 100 Ibs., $1.50 Per Ton, $25.00 CAIRNSMUIR FARM = . New City, N. Y. | eee Where Our | Men Lived Great OR charm and beauty, here is a volume which every true book-lover will appreciate: Country Homes of Famous Americans, by OLIVER BRONSON CAPEN. Introduction by Thos. Went- worth Higginson. It gs unique. ($5.50 postpaid) THE GARDEN COVNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE IN AMERICA S) WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE « CQ NEW YORK JANUARY, 1906 ROTOOTL READERS ON APPROV AL FARMER'S Cyclopedia of Agriculture A Compendium of Agricultural Sctence and Practice on Farm, Orchard and Garden Crops, and the Feeding and Diseases of Farm Animals By EARLEY VERNON WILCOX, Ph.D., and CLARENCE BEAMAN SMITH, M.S. Assistant Editors in the Office of Experiment Stations, United States Department of Agriculture This is a new, practical and complete presentation of the whole subject of agriculture in its broadest sense. It is designed for the use of agriculturists who desire up-to-date, reliable infor- mation on all matters pertaining to crops and stock, but more particularly for the actual farmer. The volume contains Detailed Directions for the Culture of Every Important Field, Or- chard and Garden Crop grown in America, together with descriptions of their chief in- sect pests and fungous diseases, and remedies for their control. It contains an account of modern methods in feeding and handling all farm stock, including poultry. The diseases which affect different farm animals and poultry are described, and the most recent reme- dies suggested for controlling them. Other farm subjects, such as FARMER'S CYCLOPADIA AGRICULTURE * Mianures, Fertilizers, Principles of Feeding, Feeding Value of Crops and Feeds, Dairy Farming, agricultural bulletins, college experiment stations and reading courses, poisonous plants, sterility of plants and animals, spray- ing, soils, drainage, irrigation, veterinary medicines, etc., are all clearly and concisely discussed. The book is based on the work of the past twenty years in experimental agriculture in this and foreign countries. The work of the experiment stations, the state and government de- partments of agriculture, the agricultural colleges, and the exper- iments of practical men have resulted in the gradual development of a new agriculture in this country. “The enormous mass of evidence and facts which these agencies have been accumulating on farm practice has been summarized and carefully digested, and for the first time in the history of American agriculture an agri- cultural book, based on experimental evidence, and not rule of thumb, is presented to the agricultural public in a popular and readable form. For convenience of reference the subjects have been Arranged in Alphabetical Order, with a complete system of cross references. All matter pertaining to any particular farm crop, animal, etc., is placed together in a single connected article with appropriate sub-headings, thus making reference rapid and easy. The book is brand new. It is replete with Fresh Facts from the Field of American Agriculture Every page tells of progress in American methods of farming. Every subject is discussed in a dispassionate manner. Animals, plants and methods which have proved useless are so noted, and no attempt is made to boom any crop or animal beyond its deserts. Briefly, the purpose of the book is to tell how to grow crops, how to harvest them, how to use them, how to protect them against insects and diseases, how to feed and handle animals, and what to do when they get sick. It is A Complete Adviser for the Every-day Use of Farmers and an essential reference book for students and all engaged in advanced agriculture. This volume contains 700 royal octavo pages, many hundreds of half-tone and other illustrations. Type, paper, printing and binding are all in the highest style of book- making. The index contains nearly 7,000 titles. Price in Cloth, $3.50; Half-Morocco, $4.50 SHIPPED ON APPROVAL To any reader of *‘ The Garden Magazine”’ who copies or cuts out and sends this order to the sole publishers. To ORANGE JUDD COMPANY, Book Dept., 52 Lafayette Place, New York: As per your liberal offer in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, please send me, on approval, ex- press prepaid, one Farmers Cyclopedia of Agriculture, elegantly bound in rich, red half-morocco leather. If satisfactory,I agree to pay you SOc. within 5 days of receipt of book, and $1 per month thereafter, until $4.50 has been paid, that being the introductory Subscribers have the privilege of paying up in full at anytime. Title to book to re- main with Orange Judd Company until fully paid for. If cloth binding is preferred, instead of half-morocco, say-so, and change price to $3.50. 289 290 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 American Beauly, “ROSES, Mornsn FROM MAY TO OCTOBER For the Price of One Florist’s Bouquet If you grow them yourself—in your own garden. By our method you can easily grow them and have flowers to cut a short time after planting—at the cost of a slight expense—and a little pleasurable and healthful work. We grow them through the difficult time—the baby age—and deliver them to you two and three years old—ready to go ahead and grow with but slight care and live for years, producing hundreds of beautiful flowers that will give you much more pleasure than the “store” kind. With our bushes and directions you cannot fail. By the old method of planting weak little hot house slips, the results were almost always disappointing. Our beautiful new catalogue, “Over the Garden. Wall” is most valuable toamateur rose growers; it tells all about our method, gives new ideas on garden rose culture and descriptions of all the new and rare kinds of roses and carnations with complete directions for their culture. Send forit to-day. It’s FREE. HELLER BROTHERS NEW CASTLE, INDIANA 960 SOUTH MAIN ST. I grow in quantity here in cold New Epelene are the est Our Stock for Spring Is large and fine. Do you want an apple orchard? We have the trees to make it. Do you wish any kind of fruit trees or vines, forest or ornamental trees, shrubbery, evergreens, roses, in fact anything to make your home erounds at- tractive and desirable? We have the nursery stock to do it with. Send in orders early and be sure of getting what you want. Catalogue free. The Flowe € 0 rs hardy garden Deel the old reli- able kinds that everybody wants for the border or shady corner. Also the best hardy Ferns and Wild Flowers of New England suitable for cultivation. Illustrated catalogue sent on request. EDW. GILLETT, Southwick, Mass. Seeds— FREE—Seeds Address, Our descriptive catalogue of Select Seeds and Plants, containing 64 pages and The Stephen Hoyt’ s Sons Co. over 100 illustrations, mailed free. A Ba ce (Incorporated) postal will bring it. Special Premium elephone: New Canaan, Conn. Offers and Collections. 148-2 South Norwalk, Ct. W.E. MARSHALL & CO., 146 West 23d Street, New York Louis Awarded TWO GRAND _ PRIZES at the St. Exposition, one for Seeds and another for Vegetables, also a SILVER MEDAL for Hyacinths and Crocus. g i Our thferecrine and Timely Catalogue for 1906 ready for mailing about Christmas—is our 105th successive annual edition and contains, as heretofore, a more complete collection of strictly High Class Seeds, including all the valuable novelties of the season, and fuller cultural directions than any other seed annual. It is profusely illustrated with beautiful half-tones and contains over 140 large size pages. It is by far the most valuable, most reliable and most complete Garden Annual published. Mailed FREE on application. J. M. THORBURN & CO., 36 Cortlandt Street, in business in New York City New York Over a Century | their lives, irrigated frequently, foot of filling, and over this was spread about two inches of river sand. Into this bed the cacti were placed. It seems to matter little how much rain falls on this bed, for during the past rainy season, one of the wettest in many years, not a plant has shown the least signs of decay, and within a few minutes after the close of a downpour the surface soil is free from an excess of water. Owing to this excellent drainage this bed may also be freely watered in summer. Cacti soon lose their bright colors, their health and often if persistently watered on the For that reason this collection is but is only given a plants. _ vigorous hosing above ground when the plants become dust-laden or “cobwebby.” 5 6 a: eee An For sunny southern ‘exposures in California cacti are ideal plants. The fence cactus of Mexico (Cereus marginatus) is the very tall plant in this photograph. The next taller is C. geometrizans These plants are on the south side of the house, subject to the hot sun of our cloudless and almost tropical summer, and _ this seems to be the proper aspect for all cacti having heavy, succulent bodies. Knife cac- tus (Phyllocacti) and Epiphyllums (lobster- claw cactus) will not stand such exposure, and this part of his collection Mr. Mossin has placed under conditions precisely the re- verse. On the north side of a tight board fence some of the latter may be “found in bloom at nearly all seasons of the year. Along this fence has been spread a strip of ‘chicken wire,’ three feet in width, securely stapled to every post. To this wire all of the more aspiring sorts are tied with raffa, and during the period of fullest bloom one may here see a veritable “flower fence.”” These plants are also in heavier JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 291 Christmas|] AGENTS whe represent rue receive large special inducements for work done during the early Cr C S eC Nn f S| subscription season of 1906. Write for samples and particulars. You will probably wish to represent THE GARDEN MAGAZINE reg- A One Dollar Bill | ularly in your locality. It Pays: Good agents find “THE GARDEN ——_—_ MAGAZINE the most profitable one to work for. Address: would make a comparatively small Christ- Circulation Dept., THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th St., N. Y. City. mas present, but a year’s subscription to J THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, price One Dollar, including two double twenty-five | cent numbers without extra charge, is | a most acceptable gift to any one of V OL ME [ W August, 1905 to : i isi i ‘ January, 1906, inclusive your friends who is interested in gardening op improving his home grounds. ) of eile GARDEN MAGAZINE Volumes I. and II. of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, bound, a complete file to date, —— Rouen cere” and a year’s wees to January, 1907, A Beautzsful, Practical and inclusive, all for $3.70—express prepaid ay on two volumes 64 cents extra—is a more THE GARDEN Interesting Book NOW ready elaborate gift. M AGAZINE Price, Complete, - - - - - $3.35 (Postage, 32 cents, if mailed) New Years : aE S It is not too late also to purchase Vol- | ume One (February, 1905, to July, inclu- sive) and thus own the set of handsome Prem 1 U mM S : i SC i _ volumes from the beginning: It is the best | ? way to preserve the copies. Every new subscription sent us now (by Pe 5! BF We have the attractive permanent cloth someone who is already a subscriber) en- | bindings for Volume I. and Volume ILI., titles the sender to a valuable premium. | kee ae Moree herenewalof yourownl|| ~~ gold stamped, for your local binder to stitch subscription from date of its present expira- } on. Dae 50 cents each (Postage 12 cents each volume, if mailed. ) meme > subscription for somebody J Or, i: the six copies of either volume are returned to us by ex- else who is not already a subscriber, we will send you as a premium your choice of one press, prepaid, we will return the volume neatly bound. Our charge of the following books, prepaid: for the binder and the work is 75 cents for each volume. Postage 32 cents. “The Heart’s Highway,” by Mary Wilkins Freeman Back numbers 10 cents each, prepaid, excepting October, which is ““How to Plan the Home Grounds,” by Parsons “How to Attract the Birds,” by the author of “Bird 25 cents, prepaid, and February, 1905, which is out of print. Neighbors” “Roses and How to Grow Them” Any copies of incomplete files which are returned to us prepaid eee ne 7Y © 1+ Goodrich (with no duplicate numbers) will be credited on this bill for bound During the great Christmas and New volumes at 10 cents each. Year’s subscription season THE GARDEN } Tad f Wall I ae Vol il f Wiener imcnake thousands of pew | ndexes for Volume I. an olume II. sent free on request to friends as a result of good words spoken by || | those who bind their own volumes. oe ig like the magazine. We are In returning copies mark your name and address plainly on the offering a large and handsome art half-tone engraving of a beautiful garden subject suit- package. able for framing, size 16x 21% inches, to every one, not selecting the above books, who sends us a dollar for one new yearly [G. M.-Jan. ’06) subscription or for two new six-months trial DousLepay, Pace & Co., 133-137 East 16th St., New York subscriptions. Only subscriptions to those Enclosed find $ (note credit for Please credit me 10 cents each for copies for who have not before subscribed to the maga- copies returned), for which please fill my order zine are counted in this offer. We have as follows : mailed the particulars and long lists of pre- One Permanent Cloth Cover for mate returned to-day and apply on $1.35 order. miums to all regular subscribers. If your Woolen 1 : : » One Volume Two, bound, com- Yours truly name is not on our list write to us at once. piete ; One Volume Two, bound with PNtdvess copies returned to you to-day .75 s THE GARDEN COVNTRY LIFE ¢3 THE WORLDS One Volume One, bound com- MAGAZINE / \N AMERICA WORK einleteeeainraremen ke Me eee Sn SS DOVBLEDAY PAGE « CQ NEW YORK If you wish us to mail volumes add 32c. each for postage, or 12e. each for mailing the covers. 292 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE | The Tree Book JULIA E. ROGERS Pe AMA 116 the most valuable, allGiGiUeianbie and elab- orate book ever pub- lished in America on our na- tive trees.’’ —New York Herald. value of trees; trations, vette! @ Beet @) ae DOVBLEDAY PAGE + CO NEW YORK that. no other, work on trees approaches. It tells how to know the trees; the uses and GLADIOLI My “Diamond” collection of the Gladioli is composed of the rarest and largest flowers of this variety of plant, including every color of the rainbow, and of the famous flower Price, $5.00 to any known as “ Virginia.” per dozen, sent post-paid part of the world. STEPHEN FISH SHERMAN Specialist in Gladioli Proprietor Willow Bank Nurseries, Newark, Wayne County, New York Opening shoots of a beech tree in May ‘THIs book has many features It is extraordinary how little known, comparatively, are the blossoms of the beech tree. The Tree Book reveals some interesting facts here —as well as for all the other impor- tant American trees. the care of trees: how to grow trees; the preservation of forests. The 350 beautiful photographic _illus- by A. blossoms, full leaf, fruit and the wood of R. DuGmore, show bud, all the important species. Sixteen plates in color. Net, $4.00. (Postage, 34 cents.) REEN PEAS should be treated with a fertilizer containing a high percentage of Potasn, in order to get the healthiest, fullest pods. “Druck ‘Rarming > yandy SPilant Food” are two practical books for the farmer, which we mail free of any cost or obligation to those who write for them. They contain valuable facts about truck-gardening as a profitable business. Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York. JANUARY, 1906 soil than those kinds planted in the sun. While these flowering cacti are extremely patient of neglect, they quickly respond to forcing and may be, if proper care is given, brought into bloom at any desired time. They are also responsive to fertilizers, as are most members of the family, providing the fertilizers be properly applied. A collection which rivals in growth the one described was planted on a mound of well-rotted stable manure of the age of ten or more years and from two to three feet deep, forming a circular mound some thirty feet in diameter. Over this was placed about six inches of fine gravel, in which the cacti were placed. The scheme proved a great success and the few large growing sorts that have become deeply rooted in the decayed manure have outstripped any of a like age in the city. Manure has been used in cactus growing with good success, but unless it is well rotted and the drainage per- fect the experiment is attended with great risk. For successful growth the usual run of cacti needs an abundance of sunshine, and in this respect California has no rival. ERNEST BRAUNTON. The Marguerite or Paris Daisy | ose who have known the marguerite only as a pot plant or summer bedder would have cause for surprise and admiration at the sight of the beautiful hedges of it we .. ¥i : In California the Marguerite is one of the com- ‘ monest of plants, being almost always in flower. It is used planted outdoors for landscape effect grow in California. Its use for this purpose becomes more extensive each year, especially for the bordering of entrance drives. In the cities, towns or private places where the drives are lighted, the effect after nightfall is nearly as beautiful as that of the daytime, for the plants are covered with a solid mass of dazzling white throughout nearly the entire year. It is also used individually in the gardens and along the parkways of residential sections of cities, while florists use the cut flowers quite extensively, as they are available at all times. It is entirely unnecessary to give any cultural directions, for in our state it ‘‘just grows without care.” Los Angeles, Cal. ERNEST BRAUNTON. JANUARY, 1906 Mant Department A special low rate is made in this department for the convenience of readers to advertise for a gardener, or for gardeners to offer their services. — = = Competent Gardeners The comforts and products of a country home are increased by employing a competent gardener; if you want write to us. Please give particulars whether married or single man is wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. to engage one, regarding place and Situations Wanted FOR Gardeners, Farmers and Estate Superintendents I am constantly receiving applications from trustworthy and com- petent men desiring positions. Twenty years acquaintance among them has given me exceptional knowledge of their individual capa- bilities. No Fee—My sole desire is to be of service to employer and employee alike. ArTHUR T. BoppinGTon, Seedsman, 342 West 14th Street, New York. Gardeners’ Register High-class men, with good records, can be obtained at VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, 14 Barclay Street, New York City. No fee. 84 Randolph Street, Chicago. _— WANTED A Competent, Practical, Thoroughly Trained and Experienced Expert COMMERCIAL ROSE GROWER Iam about to build a good sized establishment for growing com- mercial roses, and want a man as Superintendent of it who not only thoroughly understands the practical side of the business but who also is capable of making the proper rough plans for the most im- proved, up-to-date establishment. prefer a man who is at the present time a responsible assistant in some going concern. To the right man suitable wages will be paid, and he will also be given free house rent and, while employed in the establishment, a small’ con- tingent interest in the annual net earnings. All answers to this advertisement will be treated as confidential. Address with full particulars as to age, training, family, wages wanted, practical experience, scientific training, if any, etc., “E.G.S.,”? care President, Eliot National Bank, Boston To Grow Ferns ak authoritative little handbook will be found in G. A. WOOLSON’s volume entitled Ferns and How to Grow Them. It deals with - the growing of hardy ferns, both in the garden and in- doors, and is uniform with ‘“Roses and How to Grow diitemen Protusely -illus- trated. (1.10 postpaid) COUNTRY LIFE THAGKENE, IN AMERICA Ss) me DOVBLEDAY PAGE s CQ NEW YORK say | 293 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OF THE BUIRREE Seeds QUALITY costs a little more,—BUT are worth much more! Planters everywhere are invited to send for the New Tuixtietu ANNIVERSARY EDITION of BURPEE’S 1906 Farm Annua ie HIRT ETN ay F ee se! ey / Sf Nw, “ ey ADCLAS — a yet faR™ /\ /ANNUAL Ty HYP Me PIV LA He VeyAaea yy, Long knownas ‘‘The Leading American Seed Catalogue,’’— this is now brighter and better than ever before. An elegant book of 168 pages, it tells the plain truth about the Best Seeds That Grow! The illustrations are from photographs and the colored plates painted from nature. It offers most valuable Ex CLUSIVE Novexties, which cannot be had elsewhere,— including ““A New Floral Wonder’? raised by our friend LutHer BurBANnk. TO ALL WHO IN- Free TEND TO PLANT BURPEE’S SEEDS Others who simply want a handsome book (out or curiosity?) will kindly remit ten cents, which is less than cust per copy tous. WRITE TO-DAY! (a postal card will do)—but DO NOT DELAY! Name this magazine and address. nN KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE “ae HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS, FstHithontodson by - Y. SEND FOR PAMPHLET SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA. The Month of Resolves JANUAR and Plans for the Year Decide on Hardy Perennials for Spring Planting We offer a Choice Collection. HORICU BRIDGEMAN’S CATALOGUE OF _ HIGH GRADE BULBS and SEEDS for Fall Sowing. Mailed Free BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE, 37 East 9th St.. New York City. RARE AND PALMS CHARMING Ferns and all Decorative plants; Fruit and Economic plants and trees for Tropic and Sub-Tropic planting, Bam- boos, Conifers, etc. We ship to all parts of the world every week in the Neste Sey. Send for large interest- MITH & SON Fee belle eee ing catalogue. -_ ne § REASONER BROTHERS NATHAN $ z ANCNSE ND hoe Oneco, Florida. Place order for Chrysanthemums (Our Specialty), and other Tender Stock Lllustrated Catalogue Issued This Month. Pleasure Gardening demands that the work of soil preparation and cultivation be made so easy that it becomes a recreation and delight. With the help of the Iron Age Implements, gardening is a real pleasure, with no disagreeable or laborious work. = : No. 6 Iron Age Combined Double and Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder. No. 1 Iron Age Double and Single Wheel Hoe. are adjustable to every need of perfect gardening. With a No. 6 Iron Age Combined Double and Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder, youcan, with one pair of handles and the interchangeable attachments, open the ground, distribute the fertilizer, plant and cover the seed, roll, rake, weed, plow, hoe and cultivate your garden. No. 1 Iron Age Double and Single Wheel Hoe (the wheel hoe form of the No. 6 combined tool) appeals to the amateur gardener. It has a full equipment of hoes, plows, rakes, etc., and with all these interchangeable parts you can do the work of cultivation easier and quicker than ever before. These are only two of the many famous Iron Age Imple- ments. Our valuable 1906 Tron Age Book is full of interesting information. Do not fail to getit. Free copy mailed on request. BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, Grenloch, N. J. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 PThe Garden Magazine Beautiful Fringed Gentian I take pleasure in offering seed of this beautiful, hardy biennial for the first time (it has never been offered before). ber the announcement was made that a gold medal had been awarded to Mr. Thomas Murray for discovering the method of cultivating this beautiful Blue Gentian, and I have made arrangements with him for his entire stock. Plants grow erect, branching, height one to two feet; bear flowers of a deep cerulean blue, which are beautifully fringed at the edges. Price, 50 cents per packet. Package of Sphagnum moss sufficient to sow one packet of Gentian, (For full description see the December Number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE) With each order I will send free, my grand seed, bulb and plant catalogue for 1906, containing nearly one hundred full-page and other photo-engravings from nature, offering valuable premiums, and contained in a beautiful poster cover in three colors. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 342 West 14th Street In THE GARDEN MaGaziIne for Decem- DESCRIPTION $1.25 for 3 packets. With Full Cultural Directions. 10 cents, 3 for 25 cents, prepaid. SEEDSMAN NEW YORK CITY Clamps on barrel, bucket or box. Adjusts itself to any size ear. Runs easy and does perfect work. Price, $2, delivered. J. S. WOODHOUSE $ AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS —, ? 191-5 Water Street, CORN SHELLER New York D. ana C. Roses Plants mailed to any point Over 50 years’ experi- A premium are the best. Always on their own roots. in the United States. Safe arrival guaranteed. ence. Flower and Vegetable Seeds a specialty. with every order. Write for NEW GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE for 1906—the leading rose catalogue of America. 114 pages. Mailed FREE. De- scribes over 1.000 varieties. Tells how to grow them and all other desirable flowers. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. THE DINGEE & CONARD CO. -_ - West Grove, Pa. Strawberry Plants That Grow BEST STANDARD VARIETIES Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant, and Grape Plants, Asparagus Roots and Seed Potatoes in assortment. high grade and true to mame. Forty-page Catalogue with cultural instructions, Free. C. E. WHITTEN, Box 10, BRIDGMAN, MICH. of Choice Nursery Stock for planting the home grounds EvERY VARIETY EVERGREENS AND HARDY RHODODENDRONS FOR BEAUTY IN WINTER Owners of country estates are particularly invited to get our prices Catalogue on request BAY STATE NURSERIES W. H. WYMAN NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. Health and Rest are the two main objects of a country residence. The stillness which prevails away from the bustle and hum of a great city is particularly beneficial to tired nerves. City people are careful, therefore, to sur- round their country places with an atmosphere of quiet and restfulness. < Many of our customers are people with country homes who have had their nerves sorely tried by the noisy (1s clanging of a windmill’s wheel (the source of their. private ' water-supply), until, in a spirit of desperation, they have felt compelled to remove the windmill and make trial of a Hot-air Pump alee <2 The action of this pump being noiseless, Health and Rest have come back again along with natural quiet and repose. In this way the Hot-air Pump has proved itself a wonderful 38 Warren Street, New York. 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago. 4o N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. Descriptive Catalogue ‘¢U’’ sent free on application. Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. therapeutic agent, besides being the most reliable domestic water-supply known. | It does away entirely with lugging water by hand, whether for | the bath, the kitchen, the lawn, the garden or the live stock. ! Being independent of wind or weather, it is constant and reliable. 239 Franklin Street, Boston 234 Craig Street West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W. The Hot-air Pump Teniente-Rey, 71, Havana, Cuba All stock warranted | How to Write Plant Names Q. I wish to contribute a humble article to THE GARDEN MaGaziINeE, and I should hate to commit all those crimes of nomencla- ture, spelling, capitalization, etc., that you scold about. Won’t you publish your style- sheet so as to give an ordinary person a chance ? EL eReaMe A. Did we scold? We apologize. It is only in books that such things are inexcu- sable, because we have a standard in the “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.” In magazine manuscript one expects that sort | of thing. But what a blessed relief it is to get the other kind! Names. Give the common name of a plant first, with the standard name in pa- | renthesis, followed by the nursery name, if that is different from the one prepared by the ‘“Cyclopedia of American Horticulture,” e. g. Japanese iris (Jvis levigata, known to the trade as I. Kempjert). Dates. In giving dates for performing _ horticultural operations, tell the place and give some other item to check the calendar, e. g. “The seeds of hardy vegetables should be sown near New York in April; the early crop _ April rst, or whenever the plowing season begins; the main crop April 15th or as soon as the trees leaf out.’’ CAPITALIZE: Generic names except when used in the plural and not derived from a proper name, e. g. Aralia, chrysanthemums, Jeffersonias. Exceptions: dahlia, begonia and a few others derived from proper names, but which through usage are common English words. Specific names only when derived from proper names, either of person, as Pentstemon Cleveland:; or of country, as Passiflora Brasiliensts; or when it is a noun in apposition, as Cinnamomum Camphora. Follow the “ Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.” Horticultural varieties, e. g. Azalea Indica, var. Hortense Lambert, Diadem, etc. Botanical varieties only when derived from proper names. ITALICIZE: Both names when genus and species are given together, as Aralia spinosa; or all three when genus, species and va- riety are given, as Phenix humilis, var. Hanceana. Fire-Started Seeds Ce of the dainty plant sometimes called mountain fringe (Adlumia) are exceedingly slow to germinate, and are too small to be filed. I noticed young plants growing in circles in the woods around spots where fires had been built. By planting adlumia seeds in boxes, and almost, but not quite, baking the soil, I had them up in a week’s time. The same plan worked well with forget-me-not and columbine seeds. Michigan. CARROLL WATSON RANKIN. JANOARY, 1906 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Evergreen Hedge | and Spectmen Crees shown below were bought of us and cost less than $10 Six Million Evergreens and other trees in Nursery. If interested in fine ‘Evergreens, write us. SPRUCE and PINE for re- foresting in any quantity. 30 years’ experience growing Evergreens. Evergreen Nursery Company STURGEON BAY, WIS. “Rip” in New Guise ie | INEVER before has “Old Rip” been de- picted with so artistic a touch as ARTHUR RACK- HAM gives in his humor- ously imaginative illustra- ted edition of Rip Van Winkle. ($2.25 postpaid) THE GARDEN @ COVNTRY LIFE THE WORLDS MAGAZINE IN AMERICA WORK DOVBLEDAY PAGE «COQ NEW YORK : K FRUIT BOOK shows in NATURAL COLORS and accurately describes 216 varieties of fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri- bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Hardy TREES Plants awarded Gold Medal at St. Louis. Largest and best varieties in America. Handsome Descriptive Catalog FREE. Address ELLWANGER & BARRY, Drawer 1044 AO, Rochester, N.Y. Sheep Manure Kiln Dried and Pul- verized. Best known fertilizer for lawn or garden. Large barrel full (more than 4 wagon loads of ordinary manure) freight prepaid east of Denver, $4.00. No weeds. No odor. Dormant Sod Co., 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. SEWAGE AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL problems are solved for Country homes and summer camps by INTERNATIONAL INCINERATORS Sanitary, odorless, thoroughly practical. Illustrated book- let and prices on request. Special proposition to agents. INTERNATIONAL INCINERATOR CO., 648 Prudential Bldg., Buffalo, N.Y. irs Lowther So PAVORIT TLE WISTARIA WISTARIA MULTIJUGA Racemes of flowers three to four feet long may seem incredible, but it is true of this wonderful form of the Wistaria. In Japan (see illustration) this vine is used in many effective ways. It lends itself to pergola, porch, arbor work, and no end of charming schemes can be developed with it. Blooming time is the same as the commoner Chinese variety. PRICES FOR WISTARIA MULTIJUGA Very heavy plants, ro to 12 ft....$ $5.00 each, ey oo per 10 Very heavy plants, 6 to ro ft...... 3.00 each, .00 per 10 Very heavy plants, 4 to 6 ft 2.00 each, o3ic3 per 10 Good strong plants, 2 to 4 ft Smaller plants, 1 to 2 ft 50 Pree 4.00 per 10 The stock of the larger sizes of Multijuga is limited toa few hundred, and orders will be booked OUR 1906 CATALOGUE strictly in rotation. If you anticipate purchasing choice hardy trees, shrubs, roses and omamental, and appreciate gwa/zty—our stock is sure to meet with your approval. , and other hardy plants, both fruit This, our new 1906 catalogue is a priced index of our stock, and a copy of it is yours for the asking. THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO. NEW HAVEN, CONN. VISITORS ARE Our Garden and Floral Guide for 1906 will be ready for distribution January rst. It is free for the asking. Several novelties of great merit to be introduced this year, including two especially fine Asters, Vick’s Violet King and Vick’s Mikado. JAMES VICK’S SONS 362 Main Street, - ROCHESTER, N. Y. ALWAYS WELCOME AUT TuHIE se NiUuRISPE ORS ¥¢ PLANT OUR QUICK-GROWING NORTHERN SEED You will gain from one to three weeks over your neighbors who plant home-grown seed. Think what higher prices this means. No more labor—no more land—but bigger, earlier crops, and larger profits. Northern Seed grown in colder climate and shorter season matures much earlier. POTATOE Our Extra Early Petoskey is a marvel. Large, fine, smooth, white. Big yielder; earliest of all. Try some this year and see for yourself. Send 25c., stamps or coin, and get one large seed potato and catalogue (worth dollars to any grower). Com- plete line hardy Northern Grown Seeds. Catalogue alone free. Write today, while you have this before you. Darling & Beahan, 403 Michigan St., Petoskey, Mich. SS WY : TOMI CS ae No boy was ever lonely with a ‘Stevens’ in his hands. Our Free Catalogue We issue a catalogue of 140 pages, telling all about the ‘‘Stevens’’ shotguns, rifles and pistols; all about cartridges, targets, sights, weights of rifles, sighting them,etc. It also tells how to pick out a rifle or a gun, and stamps and we will mail it to you free. If your dealer can’t supply you with a “Stevens,’’ write direct to us. Mh 1S T01, 420 High Street Chicopee Fal Is, Mass. Hite ca i si ill how to take care of them. Send two 2-c. All Seed Risks are covered by our three warrants. By this we mean that CRECORY’S SEED shall always be fresh, pure and reliable. Our free catalogue also contains a lot of valuable farm and garden facts. J. J. H. GREGORY & lehead, Mass. Don’t buy any seeds for your garden until you get a copy of Johnson & Stokes Garden and Farm Manual-=Free and see the actual photographs of choice vegetables and flowers you can raise from our tested thoroughbred seeds June Pink Tomato (photograph above) is one of our newest varieties. A fleshy, heavy, bright, dainty pink tomato of medium size. Smooth and well shaped—no cracks or green core—and ripens as early as the celebrated Sparks’ Earliana. Has no tendency to blight, yields clusters of six to ten toma- toes both at crown and forks of branches, and bears untii frost. 1 pkt. (40 seeds) 20c., 3 pkts. 50c., 7 pkts. $1. Many other equally good novelties in vegetables and flowers. JOHNSON & STOKES 217-219 Market Street, Philadelphia THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1906 ia > WIEN Getting FEW years ago the ants took possession of my yard and built mounds or “ant hills” all over it. I tried all kinds of remedies, among them Paris green, London purple, corrosive sublimate, white hellebore, borax, tobacco, kerosene (or rather gasolene) and chloroform. Rid of Ants water. The solutions were gradually in- creased in strength till they killed plant life with which they came in contact—but they didn’t kill the ants. Chloroform gave them a brief vacation only, while gasolene killed not only the ants but all the plants near by whose roots were affected in the least degree, seemingly, by the oil. Finally I found a cure for the pest in a | mixture of Persian insect powder in water— one-quarter pound in a gallon of water. | The mixture does not injure plants, though one thorough application destroys the ant nest. powder sold is badly adulterated, and hence of little value. Use freshly made powder, for unless kept dry and in air-tight containers after being made it loses gradually its insec- ticidal powers. Put a quarter of a pound of good powder into a watering can (or other vessel with spout, from which a small stream can be poured) and add a little water; stir till powder is thoroughly wet and then add the balance of the gallon of water. Keep stirring the mixture while using, and pour the mixture slowly into the tunnels of the ant hill till they are all filled. In my ex- perience one application destroys the colony. Dayton, Ohio. H. S. Jewett, M.D. Quinces Worth Growing || though its services may be, the quince is capable of yielding as much pleasure at the table or profit in the market, for the care bestowed upon it, as either of its more fortunate relatives, the apple and pear. Moreover, when well grown, it is far more beautiful in flower, foliage and fruit than the apple or pear, and may be made a thing of beauty as well as of utility on the home grounds. Most people do not give it fair play, and these sugges- tions have been offered in its defence. With exception of the last | | two, all were used as solutions or mixtures in Use pure powder, for much of the | —- - —c Lhe Best New Vear's Gift Che Simple Life Calendar The 2 tN ays | Simple Calendar Selections from the works of the Rev. Charles Wagner, by permission of Messrs. Dodd, Mead cj Commenres Twelve leaves in color, from designs by C. B. Falls. (9% x 13 in.) Boxed, $1.00. A. WESSELS €@; 43 East 19th Street, New York. ~ Tron Railings, Wire Fences, Entrance Gates E MAKE and erect Iron and Wire Fences of all kinds for lawns, gardens, stock paddocks, dog kennels, Arbors for vines and fruit trees, Garden Arches, Plant Supporters, Tree Guards, Unclimable Netting Fences, etc., also Wrought Iron Railings and Gates of all kinds for country places. Write for catalogue No. 29. ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS Office and Show Rooms: 15 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK CITY JAPANESE GARDENS Extensive nurseries in Japan and America. and plants. Send for Catalogue. HINODE FLORIST COMPANY, Whitestone, Long Island Arlington Tested Seeds Our 1905 catalogue tells all about them. IT’S FREE. W.W. RAWSON & CO.,Boston, Mass. RICHARDSON ENGINEE HARTFORD. CONN.——— Cuts from both sides of . limb and does Pruning not bruise Shear the bark. We pay Ex- press charges on all orders. W rite for circular and i prices. RHODES MFG. CO. 431 West Bridge St., Grand Rapids, Mich, JANUARY, 1906 THE GARDE N MAGAZINE All About Dogs oes tremendous increase of interest in dogs and canine matters was more truly evinced than this Yeates. Every dog has his | day’’—and these are the days for exhibition dogs. All kinds of dogs are treated adequately, for the first time in America, in The Dog Book, by JAMES WaTSON. To be in ten parts. I. to VI. now ready. Well illustrated. ($1.10 each, subscription) AM About Poultry FOU can learn all that is known about the raising, breeding, care and sale of every kind of feathered pro- duct in The Poultry Book. It is the most complete and authoritative book on the sub- ject ever printed in America. Superbly illustrated in color and black-and-white, by HARRISON WEIR. ($13.60, sold by subscription) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ®@ Tie. ee DOVBLEDAY PAGE: CO NEW YORK YOUR LUCKY STAR never brought you greater success than will & STAR Incubators and Brooders They make poultry raising profitable, easy & and certain. Sold ona guarantee that makes [A you safe. Free catalog tells why. Write. STAR INCUBATOR CO. 6832 Church Street, Bound Brook, N. J, never EYSTONE has “‘ success '’ stamped all over it. You’ll know wuy when you learn HOw it’s built and operates. New catalog tells wHy and How. Write for it today. THE DIEHL-SCHILLING CO. Box 610. Easton, Pa. Information about the selection or care Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory of dogs, Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 297 and live stock will be gladly given. 133 East 16th St., New York poultry WILLIAM COOK & SONS, Box 33, Scotch Plains, ALSO OF ENGLAND Te is complete without these you want the best Orpingtons, to send for them to their originators at the above address. NEW JERSEY AND SOUTH AFRICA ——— —— now is the time No country home larger, hardier, any of the ten varieties, beautiful fowls, the best layers, quicker growing and more handsome than any other fowls. Send for our illustrated catalogue, 68 pages. 10c. to cover postage Orpington Poultry Journal 5c., yearly boc. We are by far the largest Breeders, Exhibitors, Importers and Exporters in the World, winning over 7,700 cups and prizes. Trains met. RPINGTON COCK. First prize. Madison BUFF O| Pr Square, 1505. Owned and bred by Wm. Cook & cordial ly invited. Inspection of poultry farms Advice free. GEDNEY FARM POULTRY YARDS S. C. Buff Orpingtons White Wyandottes S. C. Black Minorcas Yards stocked with birds of the most noted prize-winning strains in America. 2,000 to select from. for sale, of all varieties for breeding or exhibition. Old and young stock FRANK W. GAYLOR, Manager, White Plains, N. Y. SHOEMAKER’S BOOK on and Almanae for 1906 contains fine colored plates of fowls true to life. chickens, their care, diseases and remedies. All about ineubators and how to operate them. All about poultry houses and how to build them. It’s really an encyclo- pedia of chickendom. You need it. Cc. C. SHOEMAKER, Box 457, Fregport, Ill. 224 pages, with many “‘The Breed that Lays is the Breed that Pays’ *"tom White Leghorns Comb are the greatest layera known. Weare the largest breeders in the world of this deservedly popular variety. A pen of these fowls will make big money for you. A customer in 1904 bought two sittings from our special matings and raised from them a pen that won at the great Chicago Show in 1905. Our stock will win prizes for you in the hottest competition. Our Mating list for 1906 gives many pictures of our farm and birds. We want you to have acopy of this booklet. Send for it to- day. It is free. WHITE LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS CO., 2 Hooker St., Waterville,N.Y. Raising Squabs Pays Well If you have our mated homers which are best breeders. Catalogue on request CO, TURN Green Bone INTO Greenbacks by feeding your hens green bone cut with the modern Stearns 2% Cutter Cuts hard or soft bones, meats, vegetables—quicker, better, easier than any other. Our 30 days free trial offer will prove it. In- teresting booklet free. E. C. Stearns & Co., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y. POULTRY It tells all about | Price only 15 ets. | BAY STATE SQUAB | - WAKEFIELD, MASS. | Cairnsmuir bloo prices, Purch c 1 with order, sta ting sex and variety. | Grown dogs and « Id =r puppies for sale ! atalltimes. Also Welsh terriers. <¢ Greider’s Fine Catalog of Prize Winning Poultry for 1906. ‘This book is printed in several Beautiful Colors and is larger than ever. Contains a Fine Chromo of HS fowls. It illustrates and describes 60 varieties of poultry, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. It shows best equipped poultry yards and houses—how to build; cure for diseases, and all kinds of information indispensable to poultry-keepers. Send 1o cents for this noted book. B. H. GREIDER, RHEEMS, PA. We can teach you thoroughly, suc ccessfully. Our original, personal correspondence course of instruction is interesting, Practical, costs but little. A safe guide to beginners, in- ¥ valuable to old poultry raisers. We teach you how to make any Plot t of ground, large orsmall, pay a sure dividend of : from 25 to 50 per eent on the investment. Individual attention give en each GOTLUMES, ACRES oe ne how to make poultry pay. oO OEE 8 59 Harvey Bldg., Waterville, N. Vee Dogs Scottish Terriers Offered as companions. Not given to fighting or roaming— Best for children’s pets. NEWCASTLE KENNELS Brookline, Mass. Cairnsmuir Fox ‘Terriers M. CARNOCHAN »CKLAND £0-, NEW MAJOR G. NEW Cc Iry, aired to bes hipped ass as weaned. DOG S $15, BITCHES $10. This is an excellent opportuni to. obtain the 1 298 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE The Beautiful Amaryllis The most aristocratic of all bulbous plants. They have large funnel shaped flowers in rich- est colors. They are magnificent house plants and in the summer are unrivalled for porch ; decoration or growing in the garden. includes five magnificent “< Collection No. 1 inc = SS peices, alll lexeze lulls, and will be sent, express charges prepaid by us, for One Dollar. One bulb of A. Belladonna, a beautiful soft rose color, very large umbels, deliciously fragrant ; one A. formosissima, a fiery scarlet, a free bloomer; one A. Johnsoni, a magnificent deep crim- son with pure white stripe; one A, regina, a superb salmon color with white center; and two A. Atamaso, a very delicate pure white flower. ; the same as Collection No. 1 except Collection No. 2 it includes besides a bulb of the enor- mous Burbank’s Giant Hybrid, the amaryllis of unsurpassed beauty, size and profusion of bloom. This is a special low-priced offer for this month only. Price of collection, express prepaid by us, Two Dollars. (Enclose two dollars and write us at once) We receive hundreds of letters, here is one: “The lilies received are the best I have ever bought.’—H. H. AmueErst, Mass. Our interesting catalogue is ready. Send for it H. H. BERGER & COMPANY, 47 Barclay St.. NEW YORK STRAWBERRY PEANATS Virginia and Chesapeake, winners of $100 GOLD PRIZE offers; also Cardinal, Commonwealth, North Shore, Oaks Early, New York, Glen Mary, Stevens’ Champion, and go others; best list, good stock, reason- able prices. Dewberries: Lucretia and Austin’s. Cabbage: New Volga and 20 other S ] y | ) D Cucumbers: Pen- varieties. insula Prize, Allen’s Pride of the Market, Arlington Spine, Shamrock, etc. Cantaloupes: Allen’s First Choice, True Rocky Ford. Toma- toes: Livingston's Globe, Allen’s Best, Chalk Jewel, Maule’s Ear- liest, Earliana, etc. Kansas King, Eighty Day Yellow Dent, Mary- ' land Queen Field Corn. Best new and standard Garden, Field and Flower seeds, Asparagus Roots, Special Agricultural Implements, etc. 60 PAGE CATALOGUE FREE. Send address on postal NOW. It tells about lots of good things for the farm and garden and where to get them. W.F. ALLEN, Dept. 42, Salisbury, Md. “How to Grow Roses”’ To anyone who wants help with | roses,we are glad tosend, free, our | handsome-book on this subject. We have been in the business for 35 years, and are called the |G Growers of the Best Roses in America.” THE CONARD & JONES CO. Box P, WEST GROVE, PA. ee Vallis bee he Window Garden Plant 12 bulbs in a 5-inch pot, place the pot in a light sunny window, and the bulbs will be in flower in about 4 weeks’ time. If a succession of bloom is wanted, plant as many pots or boxes as will be required and place them outside in a partly protected place, covering them with leaves, straw or any other material, so as to make it convenient / ‘ to get at in case the ground is frozen too severely. ‘ThelGabden Yagazine Freezing the bulbs does not injure them, however. Price: Bundle 25 bulbs, $1.00. Four bundles, 100 bulbs, $3.00 Delivered free anywhere in the United States. Narcissus Paper-White Grandiflora in Water A very unique, simple and novel way to grow this variety of Narcissus is to place six or eight bulbs in a shallow glass or china bowl with water. Sup- port the bulbs with pebbles or gravel as you would the Chinese Sacred Lily bulbs; place the bowl in a dark place until the roots have started, when you should bring them to the light. Keep the bowls filled with water and the bulbs will take care of themselves. You will have a beautiful and luxuriant display of delightfully fragrant flowers in a short time—in fact within six weeks after planting if desired. The flowers are nearly two inches across, a dozen or more in a cluster, and are in no way inferior to those grown in garden soil. A number of bowls planted in succession of two weeks apart will give a beautiful display of flowers all winter. Price, 50 cents per dozen; $3.00 per hundred Delivered free anywhere in the United States. Write for our 1906 Spring Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds ready January Ist. STUMP P & WALTER CO., Seedsmen, 50 Barclay St., N. Y. How to Grow JANUARY, 1906 There are few varieties, because quinces are used so little that it has not paid as well to develop new sorts as it has for apples. The principal varieties commonly cultivated are Orange (also called Apple quince), Meech, Rea, Champion, Fuller, Borgeat, Van Deman, Alaska. Orange is grown probably more than all others combined, which is sufficient recommendation for it. It is without ques- tion the best main crop variety for general purposes. It varies greatly in size and form; some strains are much better than others. For home use an earlier variety, as Rea, and a later variety, as Champion, may be added. Champion is the best-keeping variety we have, being retained in good shape into February and later. S. W. FLETCHER. White Trumpets a Foot Long [ale trumpet flower (Brugmansia arborea) as a subject for indoor decoration appeals to one greatly. Its white flowers are nearly a foot long, and fragrant. It flowers when most other things are past, if kept in- doors, and the plant looks like a small tree. It is as well adapted to the living-room as to The trumpet flower (Brugmansia arborea) is a useful shrub for indoors. Its white, fragrant flowers are produced in October and November the greenhouse, the only objection to its being in the former is the space it occupies, on account of its spreading tops and large aggregation of roots, which require big tubs. I keep my plant in the greenhouse, because it is more easily watered there than elsewhere. When it was photographed, I had to take it out of doors for a short time in order to obtain a good view of it. In the latitude of Detroit it begins to flower late in the fall, and blooms continuously until after Thanks- giving, bearing a large number of liy-like flowers that are suspended like bells and ex- hale a delicate fragrance. On the plant they last for several days, particularly in a cool room. Michigan. Huco ERICHSEN. sie we me nares RESIDENCE OF HOWARD C. SMITH, OYSTER BAY Cut off z99 Wee) Le EDWARD H. FICKEN, ARCHITECT A New Idea in Planting the Grounds We present to you a method by which you can see the finished result before planting. The trees, shrubs and vines around the house illustrated above are now being planted by us. They were sketched on the photograph to show the owner exactly how the house would look after the planting was done. We can help you in a similar way. If you expect to improve your grounds this Spring, let us make you a sketch _and estimate now before the busy Spring season starts. The sketch, having all the appearances of a photograph, will show the exact effect of your grounds after they have been planted. Now is the time to plan the grounds in readiness for early Spring planting. On A Complete Manual of House Building in the Country THE COUNTRY HOUSE. BY CHARLES EDW. HOOPER HIS volume gives compe- tently and in detail, yet without techni- calities, all the in- formation neces- sary in the building of a country house. Its practical value is unlimited. Nearly 300 illus- trations. Net, $3.00. (Postage, 30 cents.) THE WORLDS Maacazine, BD) Gantnicn Co) work DOVBLEDAY PAGE «CO NEW YORK = THE COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY, account of the large amount of work already ordered for the coming Spring which will engross our complete attention immediately the frost is out of the ground, we would ask that you write us now as it will be impossible to take up this work in the busy planting season. Our landscape architect, formerly Superintendent Gardener of the Park System, Borough of the Bronx, New York City, is at your disposal now. We carry out our landscape designs by the use of only the finest Specimen Evergreens and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs, which we grow under ideal conditions in our nurseries. Thus the most hoped for effects cannot fail to materialize. Price list of our stock sent on request. Queens, Long Island INOW Ts Ee IME LO “PLAN. TO MAKE YOUR GROUNDS BEAUTIFUL Early preparation means that when the Spring planting season opens you experience no delay in the proper execution of your work. If you have an old estate to renovate or a new one to develop, a formal or old-fashioned garden to construct, or any work to be done to generally improve the grounds, you should consult us at once. Your grounds require individual treatment; by consulting with us at this time we are able to give whatever work you have under consideration careful attention. Don’t defer the matter until our busy planting season. 1B, We. Aly IBUAUIRID WY SPU WEA BA aS) Evergreens, Conifers, Blue Spruce, Hybrid and- Maximum Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Shade and Weeping Trees, Flowering Shrubs, Hardy Old-Fashioned Flowers, Grasses and Bulbs, Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses, in tree and bush form, Vines and Climbers, Trained and Ordinary Fruit Trees, English pot-grown Grape Vines. All of these and many others are growing in our Nursery and enumerated in our instructive, illustrative catalogue. We are always pleased to have intending purchasers visit our Nursery. Rutherford is the first station out on the Main Line of the Erie Railroad from New York and Jersey City. BOBBINK & ATKINS noxseayMen & eLorists Rutherford, N. J. os Burbank’s New Dahlias Santa Rosa, Cal., Aug. 7, 1905. VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE, Chicago and New York Dear Sirs :—After having tested Dahlias for many years it is my belief that these which I am sending you now and the two which you have on trial are the best Dahlias in existence, considering their perfect doubleness, novelty, abundance of bloom, long, strong stems, health and vigor of plants. I have selected these seedlings out of many thousands during the last fifteen years and they are the first which I have ever offered for sale. [| wish, however, to reserve the privilege of naming three or four of them. One I desire to name Burbank, another Santa Rosa, and one California. Very Truly Yours, Other Burbank Specialties Australian Star Flower (seed). Burbank Dahlia Seed. New Yellowish Calla (bulbs). Crimson Winter Rhubarb (seeds and plants). New Hybrid Amaryllis (bulbs). Potato Seed, new varieties. Verbena Mayflower (seed). Cream Cup (seed). ‘“Burbank’’ Canna (plants). ‘“Burbank’’ Rose. Shasta Daisy (seeds and plants). Hybrid Crinums (bulbs). All of which will be fully described in Vaughan’s 1906 Catalogue (Ready in Fanuary) This complete 150-=page edition will be MAILED FREE to all who mention The Garden Magazine Vaushan’s Seed Store (INCORPORATED) NEW YORK, 14 Barclay St. 84-86 Randolph St., CHICAGO Greenhouses, Trial Grounds and Nurseries WESTERN SPRINGS, ILL. THE WORLDS WORK PRESS, NEW YORK ace ease ere teceses $i Veevsrte tert) eases stearacacte IIIA 700 1280 3 9088 01 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES | vhserys eee peerets Ney tr suhuesinees co Pos Siar eee baes Sid rats a i sister, z Ria visto Siesots: Breet iia! sie INGste eae a ies at z i ost ie pies EEE, ; is EES reeset?) rig peasets, Memtctg sais ee TH Bisson recessegs peter reters