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GARDEN MAGAZINE

Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home

and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers

VolumeVII.
February, 1908, to July, 1908

fT GE
OCT 29 1986

SE RARIES

=

NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1908

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Volume VII—February, 1908, to July, 1908
Copyrighted, 1908, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

Acer, 28, 106.
Achimenes, the Best Basket Plant, 23.*
Adiantum, 334.*
Adonis, 159.*
Advantage of Growing Clover, 162.
Agropyrum, 202.
A. M. M., article by, 38.
Albizzia, 332.
Alfalfa as Poultry Food, 80.*
seed, 75.*
All the Perennial Larkspurs Worth Grow-
ing, 214.
Summer Spireas Worth Growing,
284.%
Ambrosia, 322.*
Amelanchier, 296.
American Peony Society, 28.
Rose Society, 84.
An Aid to Tidiness, 286.*
Anemone, 158,* 160.*
Angell, H. E., photographs by, 66, 141,
219, 322, 323, 331, 337) 349 35°
I. M., articles by, 244.
photograph by, 246.
Annuals, resistant, 130.

The Best, for Southern Gardens, 83.
Answers to Queries, 44, 104, 130, 200.
Anthracnose, 294.*

Aphis, woolly, 283.*

Apples, Fancy, in Colorado, 281.*

Apron, 164,* 252.

Aquilegia, 273.

Araucaria, 78.

Arborvite, 13, 28, 76,* 77.*

Arsenate of lead, 9, 283.

Artichoke, when to sow, 48.

Asarum, 273.

Asplenium, 272.

Asters, 178,* 180,* 271,* 272, 322.*
How I Grow Prize, 178.*

August flowers, 279.

Azalea, 141,* 234.*

Back Yard, The, 244, 286.
Balfour, A. Bonar, article by, 86.
Baneberries, 273.
Barberry, 25.*
Bar-le-duc, 288.
Barn, 106.
Barnes, P. T., article by, 333.
photographs by, 288.
Barnum, Otis, article by, 27.
Barron, L., photographs by, 322, 333, 334-
Bay trees, propagating, 104.
Bean, 146,* 200, 286.
beetle, western, 44.
broad, 149.
Concerning Quality in, 229.
Lima, 148.
planting, 229.
remarkable evolution in, 146.*
runner, 148.
Beck, H. B., article by, 238.
Beckwith, F., photograph by, 271.
Bedding, flowers for, 279.
Beds, preparing flower, 202.
Bee balm, 159.*
Beefwood, 21.*
Beetle, western bean, 44.
B. E. F., article by, 80.
Before Danger of Frost is Past, 213.
Begonias, the Easiest Grown, 22.*
Bellflower, 159.*
Bellis, 170.*
Bellwort, 271,* 272.
Berberis, 25.*
Berckmans, P. J., articles by, 76, 217, 330.
photographs by, 76, 77, 78, 332.
Berries, a Simple Way to Have Clean,
50.*
for North Carolina, 202.

5

The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated

Best Annual for Southern Gardens, The,

83.

Broad-Leaved Evergreen Trees,
The, 217.*

Conifers South and North, II., The,
76.%*

Ferns for the Dwelling Room, The,

*

Wane Select Perennial Flowers,

The, 157.*

Better Ways of Fruit Preserving, 288.*
Biota, 76,* 77.*
Birch, 140.*
Bird cherry, 298.
Birds, 108.
Bittersweet nightshade, 346.
Blanching, 290.*
Blight of potatoes, 12.*
Disease of Melons, 304.
Blood-root, 273.
Bocconia, 157.*
Bonsteel, F. E., articles by, 4, 42.
Books recommended, 248.
reviewed, 96, 128.
Bordeaux mixture, 9.
Border, hardy, 67,* 152, 308.
Boult, E. M., photographs by, to, 11, 216.
Bouncing Bet, 323.*
Braunton, E., article by, 21.
Broad beans, 149.
Brooder, 172.
Brown, C. L., article by, 166.
Brussels sprouts, 230.
Bugle, 159.*
Bulb, an Interesting Hardy, 118.*
Department, 348.
Bulbs, Dutch, in Florida, 44.
for spring planting, 141.
Three You Should Start in
February, 22.
utilizing old, 200.
Bull bay, 81.*
Bunchberry, 271.*
Bureau Plant Industry, photograph by,
148.
Butter, 42, 100, 306, 352.
and eggs, 323.*
Fat, Cost of, 100.
Butternut, 226.*
Buying vs. Raising the Poultry Food, 27.

Cabbage following potatoes, 12.
for profit, 26.
Setting and Cultivating, 174.
Calcium sulphate, 4.
Calla, 44.
Camellia, 219.*
Camellia’s Centenary, The, 242.
Camoensia, 229.
Canning and Preserving, 288.
Care of an Incubator, 228.
Carnations, hardy, 104.
Carpenter, Laura B., articles by, 164, 288.
photographs by, 164.
Carrots, 19.*
Casuarina, 21.*
Catalpa, 331,* 332.
Cauliflowers, Home-Grown, All the Year
Round, 326.*
Ceaothus hybrids, 228.
Cerasus, 219.
Cercis, 28.
Chamecyparis, 76,* 77.
Cherry, 140.*
Carolina, 219.
Chestnut, 104.
Tree Disease, .., 184.
Chicks, 172.
Feeding the Young, 254.
Chilopsis, 332.
Chrysanthemum, 141,* 158,* 160.*

Churn, 42,* 100, 306.
Cladastris, 120.

Clark, Harold, article by, 292.
Claudy, C. H., article by, 74.
Clematis, 130, 204.%

propagating, 44.

montana, 204.*

Clothes for women, 164.
Clover, 19,* 192.

Advantage of Growing, 162.
Cockscomb Elm Gall, The, 82.
Coddling moth, 283.

Collards in the South, 290.*

Colorado, Fancy Apple Growing in,

281.*

Peas all Summer in, 24.

Columbine, 130, 273.

Comptonia, 272.*

Concerning Quality in Beans. 229.
Concrete garden furniture, 276.
Conifers, 140.*

South and North, the Best, 76.*
Cooking eggplant, 244.

Okra and Brussels Sprouts, 230.
Corbin, Abel R., article by, 290.
Coriaria, 346.

Corn, 20,* 110, 112, 192.*

hogging down, 46.

Cornus, 28, 271,* 331,* 346.

Cost of Butter Fat, 100.

Cotton, 83.

Cowpeas, 20.*

Cows, ration for, 106.

Cranberry, 346.

Crandall, C. J., photograph by, 217.
Crape myrtles, 332.

Crategus, 84, 331.*

Crossing fruit, 142.

Cryptomeria, 78.

Cucumber, diseases of, 292.
Cultivation, 12, 168, 176, 224, 282.

and moisture, 20.

Culture of Larkspurs, The, 308.
Cunningham, Hilda, article and photo-
graph by, 298.*
Cunninghamia, 78.
Currant jelly, 288.
Cupresses, 76.
Cut flowers for profit, 188.
keeping, 25, 28.
Some Twigs for Your Windowsill
Before March ist, 26.*
Cutworms, 184, 308.
Cypress, 76,* 77.*
Cypripedium, 274.*
Cyrtomium, 333.*

Dahlia Society, New England, 28.
Dairy, 182, 250, 325, 306.
ration, 104.
Daisy, hen-and-chickens, 170.
Daphne, 296.
Darlington, E. D., articles by, 10, 72, 146,
222, 326.
photographs by, 73, 74, 92, 223, 224.
Davallia, 333.*
Davis, J. E., article and photograph by,
186.
Delphinium, 130, 160,* 214,* 215,* 216,*
308, 337-
Deutzia, 279.*
Dicentra, 273.
Disease of chestnut, 184.
cucumber and melon, 292.
peony, 28.
phlox, 130.
plants, 168.
potatoes, 12.
Distance between rows, 166.
Doane, D. H., article and photographs by,
20. ‘

Dodd, Helen, photograph by, 164.

Dodecatheon, 273.*

Dogwood, 140,* 324,* 331,* 346.

Japanese, 28.

Doogue, L. J., article and photographs
by, 338.

Dress for women, 164,* 252.

Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 81, 141,
322, 323) 324) 330 331, 335, 342-

Dutchman’s breeches, 273.

Earliest Clematis, The, 204.
E. D. D., article by, go.
Egg tester, 30.*
Eggplants, 246.*
for Small Gardens, 244.*
Eleagnus, 344, 346.*
Elder, 344.
Elm, 154.*
gall, 82.
leaf beetle, 213.
Empress tree, 332.
English Walnut in Towa, 194.
Erwin, A. T., article by, 44.
Erythronium, 273.
Evergreen Magnolias from Seed, How
I Grow, 81.*
Tree for Arid Regions, A Fast-
Growing, 21.*
Trees, The Best Broad-Leaved,
217.*
Evergreens, 120, 206, 217.
for spring planting, 140, 248.
E. W. J., article by, 192.

False Solomon’s seal, 271.
Farm and Garden News, 28, 84, 206.
Fast-Growing Evergreen Tree for Arid
Regions, A, 21.*
F. E. B., articles by, 250, 306, 310, 350.
February Lessons for Northern Gardeners,
40.
Feeding for Milk and Butter, 42.
poultry, 27, 80.
the Young Chicks, 254.
Felt, E. P., article by, 82.
Ferns, 272,# 333.*
climbing, 132.
for the Dwelling Rooms, The Best,
333-*
Native, 274.*
Fertilizers, 4, 166, 200, 282.
applying, 84.
for onions, 36.
for strawberries, 86.
home mixed, 80.
F. H. V., article by, 27.
Field Corn, New Englander’s Experience
in Raising, 110.
Crops, 26, 174, 232.
Fig, 13, 15.*
Fisher, John, article and photograph by,
114.
Fletcher, S. W., articles by, 18, 142, 281.
photographs by, 18, 19, 142, 281,
282, 283.
Floats, 4.
Florist’s Business, Starting in the, 82.
Flower bedding, 202, 279.
New and Better Style of, 279.*
Season, Prolonging The, 290.
Show, How to See a New Kind of,
421.
Flowering trees for spring planting, 140.
Yellowwood, The, 120.
Flowers, Trees That Are Loved for Their
330.*
Forage crop, 108.
Forcing seakale, 79.
twigs, 26.
Fork, 151.*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—Continued

Foster, L., article and photographs by, 162.
Four Plans for a 50 x 125 ft. Plot, 16.*
75X125 ft. Plot, 220.*
50x 150 ft. Plot, 328.*
Foxgloves, 153,* 279.*
Fraser, Samuel, photographs by, 11, 12.
Fruits, 108, 141.* d
crossing, 142.
for spring planting, 140.
for Texas, 14.
Preserving, Better Ways of, 288.
Fuller, Valancey E., article by, 182.
Fullerton, H. B., photographs by, 230, 327.

Gall, The Cockscomb Elm, 82.
Garden and Farm News, 28, 84, 206.
Beans, Remarkable Evolution in,
146.*
city, 67.*
Clothes for Women, 164,* 252.
collector’s, 68.*
cut flowers, 68.*
Enemies, 24, 82, 184, 234, 292.
formal, 66.*
furniture, concrete, 276.*
Implements, 82.
of hollies, 221.
of perennials, 221.
of shrubs, 220.
old-fashioned, 123,* 194.
pictures, guide to, 94.
plans, 16, 70,* 220,* 328.*
Publications, 96, 128.
roses, propagating, 290.
Scrap Book, A, 102.
show, 66.*
Southern, 66.*
Tools That Really Help, 82, 150,*
227,* 274,* 324.*
vegetable, 68,* 69.
wild, 67.*
winter, 67.*
Work in July, 340.
Gardening in a Warm Climate, 13.*
roadside, 322.*
rules, 166.
school, 186.*
wild, 270.*

Gardens, for Special Purposes, 66.*

Geranium, 273.

Gillette, C. P., article by, 44.

Ginger, 273.

G. J., article by, 110.

Gladiolus, early planted, 213, 348.*

Gloves, 164.*

Gloxinias, the Most Gorgeous bulbs, 23.*

Golden glow, 157.*

Goldenrod, 270,* 272, 322.* [Error see
P- 335] :

Good Onions Grown from Seed, 36.*

Quality in Beans, 286.
Small Churn, A, 42.*

Gooseberry, 288.

Gordonia, 219, 331.

Gourds, 298.*

Grapes, 18.*

Grass seed, 75.*

Graves, N. R., photographs by, 22, 23, 25,
66, 68, 72, 73, 118, 123, 140, 141, 153,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 178,
180, 197, 214, 261, 279, 280, 284 321,
322» 324, 326, 327, 330, 332) 333, 334>

335» 336 340, 342, 346.
Greenhouse work for March, 65.

Greenlee, L., article and photograph by, 81.
Greens for Yarded Fowls, 302.
Grinsted, H. F., article by, 256.
Growing Fancy Apples in Colorado on
Irrigated Land Worth $300 an
Acre, 281.*
Fancy Grapes for Local Markets,
18.*
Walnuts for Pleasure and Profit,
225.%
Hale, G. H., article and photograph by, 73.
Hampton Institute, 186.
Handy Sap Sled, A, 114.*
Hardiness, comparative, 28.
Hardy border, 67,* 152, 308.
Flowers, The Troubles of, 234.

Harmony in the Hardy Border, 152.*
Hawthorn, 331.*
Hedges in Texas, 13.
Hemlock, 78.
Hen, 27,* 254.
and-chickens daisy, 170.*
Hepatica, 270, 273.
Hoes, 150.*
Hogging Down Corn, 46.
Holahan, M. A.., article by, 190.
Hollandaise Sauce, 88.
Hollies, garden of, 221.
mountain, 346.
Hollyhock, 130, 157.*
Home Gardening in a Warm Climate, 13.*
Grown Cauliflowers All the Year
Round, 326.*
Mixed Fertilizer, 80.
Home-made Contrivances, 83.
Honeysuckle, 13, 296, 344.
Hotbed, mats, 232.
Sash, Lifting, 83.*
House Plants in Summer, 337.
How I Grow Evergreen Magnolias from
Seed, 81.*
I Grow Prize Asters, 178.*
I Succeed with Shirley Poppies,
342.*
New Fruits Can Be Made By
Crossing, 142.*
to Avoid the Spring Rush and Have
a Better Garden, 139.
to Have a Perfect Vegetable Garden
69.*
to Hace the Sweetest and Earliest
Peas, 72.*
to Judge a Melon, 310.
to Keep Cut Flowers, 25.
to Make Hens Lay, 27.*
to Plant a Strawberry Bed, 86.
to Raise Big Crops in Dry Seasons,
20.*
to See a New Kind of Flower Show,
321.*
to Succeed with the Incubator, 30.
Howell, E. N., article and photographs

by, 273.

In the Melon and Cucumber Patch, 292.*

Incubator, 30, 228, 256.

Indestructible Home-Made
Furniture, 276.*

Indian pipe, 273.

Indiana Horticultural Society, The, 84.

Insect pests, 234.

Insecticides, 234.

Interesting Hardy Bulb That Blooms in
September, An, 118.*

Iris, 158,* 160,* 169,*321.*

Irrigation, 282.

Ivy, poison, 106.

Garden

Jelly, currant, 288.
Jenkins, W. H., article and photograph by,
80. :
Jennison, Lillie K., article and photographs
by, 348.
Jensen, Jens, photographs by, 278.
Jerusalem thorn, 332. :
Johnston, J. F., photograph by, 81.
Join the “Roadside Gardening Club”
Now, 322.*
J. T-. S., article by, 356.
July flowers, 279.
Garden Work in, 340.
Ornamental Fruits of, 344.
June flowers, 279.
Ornamental Fruits of, 296.

Kainit, 4.
Kansas, Peanuts Grown in, 232.*
Kay, Penelope, article by, 25.
Kayan, J. L., articles by, 69, 150, 227, 274,
324. :
photographs by, 150, 151, 227, 274,
275, 325.
Keeney, C. N., photographs by, 146, 148,
149. *
Kerosene emulsion, 9.
carbolized, 24.

Kerr, J. W., article by, 225.
Knight, O. W., photograph by, 271.

Lady slipper, 270,* 271, 273.*
Lagerstroemia, 332.
Land plaster, 4.
Laney, C. C., article by, 154.
Largest Flowered Vine, The, 229.*
Larkspurs, 130, 160,* 214,* 215,* 216,*
308, 337-
All the Perennial, Worth Growing,
214.*
The Culture of, 308.
The Two Annual, 337.
Lawn, 213.
Layering roses, 290.
L. B., article by, 184.
Lee, Chas. L., article by, 112.
Leible, F. C., articles by, 16, 220, 328.
Lepachys, 162.*
Libocedrus, 78.
Lifting Hotbed Sash, 83.*
Ligustrum, 13, 219.*
Lilac, 261.*
Lily, 159.*
Easter, 206.
imports, 28. ;
of-the-valley, 159.*
Lime sulphur, 282.
Liming soils, 108.
Linnea, 271.*
Liriodendron, 331.
London purple, 9.
Long-Blooming Shrub, A, 228.
Lonicera, 13, 296, 344.
Loveless, A. J., article by, 23.
Lychnis, 279.*
Lygodium, 132.

McAdam, Thomas, articles by, 40, 140,
170, 204, 240, 270, 300, 322, 340, 354.
McCollom, W. C., articles and photo-
graphs by, 48, 78.

McColm, Viola, article and photographs
by, 232.

McFarland, J. H., photographs by, 67, 68,
140, 141, 146, 149, 160, 218, 222.

McIntosh, David, article by, 22.

.McLean, George G., photographs by, 21.

Magnolia, 81,* 140,* 141,* 217, 218,* 330.*
from seed, 81.
Making new varieties, 142.
Mandrake, 300.*
Mann, Leo G., article by, 24.
Manure, 4.
and potatoes, Ir.
water, 286.
Maple, 26,* 28, 140.*
Marble, F. L., photograph by, 270.
Marketing, bulletin on, 28.
grapes, Ig.
Mats for hotbeds, 232.
Maxwell, Henry, article by, 279.
Measuring land, 84.
Mechling, Kay K., article by, 342.
Melia, 332.*
Melon and Cucumber Patch, In the, 292.*
blight, 302.
Culture, Vital Points of, 222.*
diseases of, 224, 292, 304.
How to Judge, 310.
Insects, 224.
soil for, 222.
wilt, 294.
Mesquite, 15.*
Mid-Summer Work in the Garden, 337.
Mildew, 292.*
Milk, 42, 100, 182, 250, 306
test, 84.
Miller, Anita M., articles and photographs
by, 13, 162.
C. H., photographs by, 30, 225.
E. E., article by, 46.
Wilhelm, articles by, 66, 157, 214.
Miscellaneous Cut Flowers Grown for
Profit, 188.
Moisture saving, 20.
Monotropa, 273.
Month’s Reminder, The, 9, 65, 83, 139,
213, 269, 321.

Mordaunt, L. F., photographs by, 26.
Morris, Robert T., article by, 194.
Mosquito Extermination Society, National
28.
Moss pink, 132, 159.*
Spanish, 218.
Motz, Morris, article by, 342.
Mulch, 106.
Munson, W. K., 18.
Muskmelon, 198,* 222.*

2

Native Plants in Cultivation, 270, 272.
Nemopanthes, 346.
New and Better Style of Flower Bedding,
A, 279.*
England Dahlia Society, 28.
Englander’s Experience in Raising
Field Corn, A, 110.
Jersey, Potatoes in, 190.
Nitrogen, 4.
Nightshade, bittersweet, 346.
North Carolina, Berries for, 202.
Northend, Mary H., photographs by, 6
280.
Novelties and Rarities, 25, 170, 240, 3

November flowers, 279.
Nuts, 141.*

Oak, 217,* 218, 219.*
Oats, 108.
Obituary, Davenport, G. E., 28.
Hauswirth, Philip J., 28.
Johnson, Willis G., 206.
Underwood, L. M., 28.
October flowers, 279.
Okra, 230.*
Oldest Flowers in Cultivation, The, I. The
Hen-and-Chicken-Daisy, 170.*
II. The Wallflower, 240.*
Il. The Mandrake, 300.*
IV. The Corn Poppy, 354.*
Onions, 36.*
Only Way to Have Home-grown Peppers,
The, 48.*
Orchid, 270.*
society, 206.
Ornamental Fruits of June, 296.
Fruits of July, 344.*
Orpington, White, 27.*
Outlawed Spireas and Their Kin, The,
335-*

Pansy, wintering, 106.
Papaver, 157,* 158,* 342,* 354.
Paris green, 9.
Parkinsonia, 332.
Paulownia, 332.
Peach, 283.*
Peanuts Grown in Kansas, 232.*
Peas, 72,* 92.*
All Summer in Colorado, 24.
varieties of, go.
Pecan, a famous, 28.
Pendleton, W. E., articles by, 25, 234,
284, 335:
Peony, 68,* 159,* 160.*
disease, 28.
Society, American, 28.
Pepper, H. Howard, article and photo-
graphs by, 286.
Pepper, The Only Way to Have Home-
grown, 48.*
Perennials, best way to select, 157.
for spring planting, 141.
from seed, 130.
garden of, 221.
Pergola, 278.*
Persea, 219.
Personal Experiences, 102, 166, 256, 342.
Phlox, 132, 158,* 160,* 273.
disease of, 130.
Phosphate rock, 4.
Phosphoric acid, 80.
Photinia, 219.
Picking, 19.*
Pictures of Special Gardens, 94.
Pigeons, 106.
Pine for windbreaks, 120.
needles, 104.

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—Continued

Pineapple preserve, 288.

Planning a vegetable garden, 69.
the garden, 166.

Plans for planting, 16,* 7o%*, 220,* 328.%*

Plant Gladiolus Now, 348.*

Planters’ Ready Reference to the Best Peas,

go.

Planting, 10.*
method of, 166.
plans, 16, 152, 220, 328.

Plowing, 166, 282.
fall, 20.

Plows, 227.*

Plum, 143.*

Podophyllum, 273.

Poison ivy, 106

Polypodium, 333.*

Polystichum, 333.*

Poplar, 282.*

Poplygonatum, 273.

Poppy, 157,* 158,* 342,* 354.*

Potatoes, diseases of, 12.
in New Jersey, 190.

Worth Having, 10.*
Pot-pourri, how to make, 338.
Potting soil, 24.

Poultry, 27, 80, 172, 254, 302.
Failures, Reason for, 27.
Food, Buying vs. Raising the, 27.
Ration, A, 80.

Powell, Julie A., article and photograph

by, 192.
Practical Garden Costumes for Women,
252.

Pratt, C. H., articles by, 230.

Preserving fruit, 288.

Prickly pear, 13,* 15.

Primrose, 14.*

. Privet, 13, 219.*

Prolonging the Flower Season, 290.

Propagating, 106.
bay trees, £04.
clematis, 44.

Hardy Garden Roses, 290.
Protecting Hotbeds with Mats, 232.
the Strawberries, 310.

Pruning, 106, 282.
shrubs, 213.

Prunus, 219, 298.

Pteris, 334-*

Pyrethrum, 160.*

Pyrus, 331.

Quack grass, 202.
Quercus, 217,* 218, 219.

Ragged robin, 279.*
Ragweed, 322.*
Raising Big Cabbage Crops for Profit, 26.
Early-hatched Chicks, 172.
Rake, 151,* 227.*
Ramblers Flower, To Make the, 338.*
Ration for cows, 106.
for poultry, 80.
Reason for Poultry Failures, A, 27.
Recent Garden and Outdoor Books, 96.
Red Pine for Windbreaks, 120.
Redbud, 28.
Rehder, Alfred, articles by; 296, 344.
Remarkable yolotien in Garden Beans,
146.*
Retinispora, 77.
Rhododendron, 66.*
Rhus, 296.
Rice, Chas. H., article by, 27.
Right and Wrong in Wild Gardening,
270.*
Ritchie, Mary W., article by, 252.
Roadside Gardening Club Now,
the, 322.*
Rock cress, 159.*
Why You Should Sow an Ounce
Now, 340.*
Rolling the ground, 168.
Rose, 13,* 141,* 160,* 313,* 356.
arch, I, 53.*
beads, how to make, 338.
Department, 238, 290, 338.
Petals, Ways to Utilize, 338.
Society, American, 84,

Join

Roses climbing, 104.
feeding, 106.
for Central Texas, Ten, 238.
in Texas, 14.
propagating, 290.
Rotation of crops, 84, 168.
Rules for gardening, 166.
Runner beans, 148.
R. W. M., article by, 26.

Salix, 28.
Sambucus, 344.
Sandy soils, crops for, 108.
Sanguinaria, 273.
Sap sled, 114, 116.*
Sash, lifting, 83.*
Sauce, Hollandaise, 88.
Saving moisture, 20.
Nitrogen in Manure, 4.
Seed Corn, 112.
Sawdust, 80.
School gardening, 186.*
Scott, J. T., articles by, 82, 188.
Scrap book, garden, 102.
Scribner, F. L., photographs by, 75.
Seakale in Nine Months Instead of Four
Years, 78.*
Seat, garden, 276.*
Seed sowing, 130.
testing, 74, 256.
Seed-Beds ys. Broadcasting, 40.
Seeders, 192, 274,* 275.
Seeding Clover and Grass Seed, 192.
Self-sown Poppies, 342.
Separating, 306.
September. flowers, 259.
Setting and Cultivating Cabbage, 174.
rod, 151.* :
Shadbush, 296, 324.*
Shade trees for spring planting, 140.
in Texas, 13.
Shaw, Louise, article by, 152.
photograph by, 215.

She oak, 21.
Shirley Poppies, How I Succeed with,
342-*

Shooting star, 273.

Shrubs, flowering, in Texas, 15.
for spring planting, 140.
garden of, 220.
pruning, 213.
unconventional, 116.

Silk tree, 332.

Silo, 182.

Simple Way to Haye Clean Berries, A,

350.*

Simplified Home Butter Making, too.

Small Fruits, 86.

Smilacina, 271.*

Smoke tree, 296.

Sneezeweed, 157.*

Soda, nitrate of, 202, 286.

Soderholtz, E. E., article and photo-

graphs by, 276.

Soil for melons, 222.
liming, 108.
potting, 24.

Solanum, 346.

Solidago, 270,* 272, 335" (as spirea)

Solomon’s seal, 273.

Soluble oil, 9.

Some iStiats to Amateurs by a Professional

Dairyman, 182.

South and North, The Best Conifers, 76.*
Thimble Flowers in the, 162.*
vegetables in the, 83.

Southern Department, 34, 83, 162, 236,
290, 337-

Gardens, The Best Annual for, 83.

Spade, 151.*

Spirea, 284,* 285, * 322 (as Solidago)

Spireas and Their Kin, The Outlawed,
5.

Worth Growing, All the Summer,
284.7%

Spraying, 9.

Spring Pastures, 250.
planting, evergreens for, 140, 248.
flowering trees for, 140.
fruits for, 140.

Spring Perennials for, 141.
shade trees for, 140.
shrubs, for, 140.
Spruce, 78.
Squash, 282.
Stafford, Cora A., article by, 252.
Starting in the Florist’s Business, 82.
Vegetable and Flower Seeds, 34.
Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 34, 38, 83,
162, 236, 290, 337-
photographs by, 36, 38.
Stokesia, 280.*
Strawberry, 144,* 288.
Bed, How to Plant a, 86.
fertilizers for, 86.
protecting, 310.
Street sweepings, 28.
Strohschein, F. A., photographs by, 42,
Ico;
Succession of Crops for a School Garden,
186.
planting for, 168.
Sulphide of potassium, 130.
Sulphuric acid, 106.
Summer Dairy Market, 352.
house, 14.*
Rush Begins, The, 236.
Separating, 306.
Sun cooking, 288.
dial, 276.*
Sunflower, 157.*
Swarts, T. E., article and photograph by,
83.
Sweet bay, 81.*
Cory Corn by July 1st, 192.*
peas, 200, 298.
William, 130, 158.*
Tansy, 322.*
Tarbell, J. H.,
Taxus, 120.
Ten Roses for Central Texas, 238.
Ways to Excel Your oe
269.
Testing seed, 74.
in the Incubator, 256.
Texas, flowering shrubs in, 15.
fruits for, 14.
hedges in, 13.
roses for, 14, 238.
shade trees in, 13._
vegetables in, 38.
Thimble-flowers in the South, 162.*
Thinning seedlings, 40.
Thorns, 84, 219.
Three Bulbs You
February, 22.*
Rare Barberries for Connoisseurs,
25.
Thuya, 77.
Tibbetts, H. C.,
Tillage, 19.*
Tillandsia, 218.
Timothy, 20.*
T. McA., articles by 118, 337.
To Make the Ramblers Flower, 338.*
Those Who Begin in May, 248.
Toad-lily, 118.*
Toadflax, 323.*
Tobacco dust, 282, 308.
Tomato, 200.
Tools for garden, 82, 150,* 227,* 274,*
324.*
labor saving, 82.
Transplanting, method of, 168.
vegetables, 200.
Trees and Shrubs, 81.
That Are Loved for Their Flowers,
330-*
The Best Broad-Leaved Evergreen,
217.*
Trenching, 106.
Tricyrtis, 118.
Trillium, 270, 273.
Troth, H., photographs ys 48, 53, 141,
157, 204, 270, 272, 325, 327, 330, 331.
Troubles of Hardy Flowers, The, 234.
Trowels, 150.*
Troy, J. P., photographs, by, 170, 242, 300,
354+

photograph by, 147.

Should Start in

photograph by, 147.

Tsuga, 78.

Tulip tree, 330.*

Tulips for naturalizing, 269.

Tull, R. E., article by, 82.

Twigs, forcing, 26.

Twinflower, 271.*

Two Annual Larkspurs, The, 337. ~
Neglected Vegetables, 230.*

Types of the American Elm, The, 154.*

Ulmus, 154.*

Umbrella tree, 332.%

Unconventional Shrubs, 116.

Underwood, S. K., article by, 338.
photograph by, 226.

United States Department of Agriculture,
photographs by, 229, 292, 294.

Uvularia, 271,* 272.*

Valentine, F. H., articles by, 30, 172, 254,
302.
Vase, 276.*
Vegetable Garden, How to Haye a Per-
fect, 69.*
planting tables, 70.
Vegetables, 24, 90, 190, 230.
in Texas, 38.
in the South, 83.
transplanting, 200.
Vermont Experiment Station, photographs
by, 157, 270, 271.
Vermonter, A,# article by, 164.
Veronica, 280.*
Viburnum, 346.
Vine, The Largest Flowered, 229.*
Vines, 130, 132.
for houses, 16.
support for, 200.
Violet, 159.*
Vital Points of Melon Culture, The, 222.*

Wake robins, 274.*
Wallflower, 240, 242.*
Walnuts, 44, 194, 225.
Watercress, 132.
Watering, Method of, 168.
Waugh, F. A., photograph by, 157.
Ways to Utilize Rose Petals, 338.
Weeders, 150.*
Weeds, killing, 168.
Weevils and Wireworms in Seeds, 24.
cotton boll, 28.
nut, 206.
Westbrook, M. H., article by, 178.
What Must be Planted in Spring — Not
Autumn, 140.
to Do in April, 162.
With the Easter Azalea, 234.*
Wheel hoe, 82, 227.*
When Sweet Peas Fail, 298.*
to Sow Artichoke Seed, 48.
Where the Nurseryman Helps, 65.
Which Fertilizers Are Best, 4.
WhoIs the Best Seedsman, 9.
Why Cheap SeedIs Expensive, 74.*
the Magnolias Interest, 81.
You Should Sow an Ounce of Rock
Cress Now, 340.*
Wild-Flower Bed in a City Yard, A, 272.*
Wild gardening, 270.*
Williams, Marian, article and photograph
by, 234.
Mary R. G., article by, 102.
Willow, 26,* 28.
flowering, 332.
Winans, R. M., article by, 174.
Windbreak, 282.*
red pine for, 120.

Wireworms and Weevils in Seed, 24.

W. M., articles by, 337, 350.

Woman’s dress, 164,* 252.

Wood ashes, 80.

Woolly aphis, 283.*

Woolson, G. A., photograph by, 148.

Working Rules for the Amateur Gar-
dener, 166.

Yellowwood, The Flowering, 120.
Yew, 120.
Yucca, 140,* 280.*

ATOC U AV 2 Gj | 5
Growing Fancy Grapes C.
Bulbs for February Planting Sihonau Lear

«|

\
\

COUNTRY LIFE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. ) THE WORLD'S

IN AMERICA a 133-137 EAST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK WORK

- Quick Blooming Roses

Guaranteed to bloom this
season or money back

The illustrations in this advertisement show:

Fi t - A Quick Blooming Rose of mailing size ready to be packed. Notice
IFst ° the sturdiness of stem and branches, and the wonderful root development.

Quite a contrast to the spindling growth and weak root system of the average mail-
order rose, isn’t it? All our roses are grown on their own roots.

GUARANTEED
TO
BLOOM

This represents a portion of a bed of Quick

Second ° Blooming Roses at the height of the season—
the first year, remember. Doesn’t it make you want a bed

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and pluck from June (in some instances May) until frost ?

: .- ‘An actual photographic reproduction of
Third e a Quick Blooming Rose Bush at the end

of the first year after the frosts have killed the leaves.
Those who have had a hard struggle to even keep
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one (and not the largest) of a bed set out last May
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This in a nutshell is the first season’s history of one of
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has taken 49 years’ experience to
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so great is our faith that these roses will thrive and flower even
under adverse conditions that we guarantee them to bloom the | ° ™ey back. Delivered free.
first season—or your money back. And your simple cite

word is all the proof we require. 7 for
15 for

These Quick Blooming Roses, together with prac- 50 for 6.
100 for 12.00
tically all the new and old roses worth growing,

Prices of
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Guaranteed to bloom this year

Wherever selection is left to us we will
send only the choicest sorts. If you prefer

are fully described in our new 136 page Color
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Write for a copy to-day—free

a//

to do your-own choosing write for our list
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Orders will be booked to go when you
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. 7 ZA S @
Growers Of (he Dest fFOSCS It AMECITCA
BOX 24A G

The Readers’ Service 1s prepar

Frespruary, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE advise Parents in regard to choo

EVERY

FOR THE

GARDEN

is the title of Our 1908 Catalogue—the most beautiful
and instructive horticultural publication of the day—a book
of 188 pages—700 photo engravings from nature
—12 superb colored and duotone plates of vege-
tables and flowers.
lt 1 Is a mine of information of everything that is worth
while in gardening either for pleasure or for profit and
' | should be in the hands of every lover of the Garden Beau-
| tful and Bountiful. As a book of reference alone it is
' invaluable.

To give this catalogue the largest possible distri-
bution, we make the following liberal offer:

EVERY EMPTY ENVELOPE
mass FOUTS OS a

To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen
and who encloses Ten Cents Gn stamps), we will mail na catalogue,
and also send free of charge

Our Famous 50-cent ‘‘Henderson” Collection of Seeds

containing one packet each of Giant Sweet Peas, Mixed; Giant
Fancy Pansies, Mixed; Giant Victoria Asters, Mixed; All Seasons
Lettuce; Early Ruby Tomato, and Henderson’s Electric Beet in a
coupon envelope, which, when emptied and returned, will be accepted
as a 25-cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and

upward.

PETER HENDERSON & CO. ©
35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, NEW. YORK.

Wri he Readers’ Servi
4 Fe nay ecm THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1908

NITRATE % Sopa

feng ca Gog . : [ol aa
“A LAWN CARDEN Which Fertilizers are Best?
SUPPORTER ‘ SON » NO FORM OF NITROGEN aie only knows! If there is any

% \ \ is so quickly available, or so positive in its 1 i | ]
WORN ALL OVER THE WORLD a. — .~ results for the vegetable garden, on the lawn, one subject on which a scientist dare

for shrubbery or trees as a top dressing of not generalize, it is fertilizers.

DO NOT BE DECEIVED \@ a\g N ITR ATE OF SO D A Theoretically, the cheapest and best way

BY BUTTONS MADE OF WOOD |} (THE STANDARD FERTILIZER) for a farmer or fruit grower is to buy his

PAINTED OR COL , ] 7 1
IMITATE MOBGLR ee Te y Send your name and address on Post=Card and we will nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash separ-

send you, as long as the edition lasts, ately and mix them himself, as described in

THIS GUARANTY Butta “* Food for Plants ”” the “Garden and Farm Almanac for 1908,”

COUPON-| N YELLOW a= sugee RTER a most valuable book of 237 pages, dealing with the use at page 59. But practically, how many

1S ATTACHED THIS WAY ‘a Aaa of Nitrate of Soda asa fertilizer, giving detailed infor- farmers will take the trouble to do this

TOLEVE RY PAN OR TE See Bis) Cee meat Stattenercougtouni elUaicubstrrae mice thing, which the experiment stations, year in
BLS men ations throughout the nite tates andona

GENUINE — BE SURE AGA NeTaMEEREECRLONS sorts of crops. Mention magazine in Which this adver- é P bo!

IT’S THERE THE BUTTONS AND tisement is seen, and address and year out, are urging them to dor ‘They
Sragnie cela tig EI eee WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director mostly buy complete fertilizers by brands.
GEORGE FROST COMPANY, Makers |]|Hose suprorTeR John Street and 71 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. Again, how many amateurs have a scale

BOSTON _ONLY. Post-Card Replies Will Receive Early Consideration. of operations big enough to justify them in
trying to find out what each one of the three
elements is for; in what forms you can get
them; which act quickly and which slowly;
their relative prices; and in what proportions
to mix them? Unless they are enthusiastic
amateurs, they will not take so much trouble;
they will buy brands.

But if you want to get one fertilizer for
your garden that will also greatly improve
our lawn, or if your bread and butter de-

Cattle Manure pene upon some an don’t be afraid to ask
7 Shreddedor | the Readers’ Service Department for help.

—| 4m B. ag S Pulverized There is a specialist om. fertile in ae
Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No department now who will not give youa vague

bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of i and a Hi
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 lbs.). Write | OF evasive reply, but positive, specific help

= for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. if you will tell him all about it.
$$. - 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

‘‘Strawberry Plants That Grow ”

All best Standard Varieties; Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant, and Grape Plants and Asparagus

Roots in Assortment. All stock warranted true to name and of grade represented or your money refunded.
40 Page Catalogue with Cultural Instruction free.

C. E. Whitten’s Nurseries

Box 10 Bridgman, Mich.

Forastorttinevesit! INCUBATOR
ship, frei Paid, a
GORE eS sialeele “‘United’’ Incubator to any point
east of the Mississippi River for $12.50—

freight to River allowed on orders

west. This is a high-grade machine 100 EGG
with all the latest improvements, SPECIAL

and is shipped complete, ready r ° ° Savin Nitro en in Manure
| fo'zan, Send money today, or ff fe===—ee | The Montrose Nurseries Are Offering 8 8
1 t 5 aq —— : o . é
Re S iw: A complete line of choice Ornamental Stock at very reasonable [ AND plaster (calctum sulphate) is an
UNITED INCUBATOR & POULTRY i S prices considering the quality. : insoluble substance whose exact action
SUPPLY MFG. CO. p Large trees and shrubs for immediate effect. bees: -
26-28 Vesey Street, New York City Tee wore a spccalty ieee on the soil is not understood but which
Tac ae a a eae na acts as a stimulant by releasing plant food
THE MONTROSE NURSERIES from unavailable forms. Its continued
MONTROSE Westchester Co., N. Y. | application is not desirable. It is used with
- $150 up) Old Pistols == § -50.up GR OW MUSHRO 0 MS stable manure because the free ammonia
NU ES 6 AOR Cavalry Sabres. SOD ve ue bees 2 form aoe of ae a
Bridles) 5) 5))7-00, 2 2 irs 28 hs For Big and Quick Profits, Or For Your Own Use rm rea alue. ini
Leggins, pr.- 15 “| 7 Shot Carbine “ 3,50 Ten years PS eienceeanIee as to give practical stable soluble 10 © § Me a t

| 1907 MILITARY ENOYCLOPEDIO CATALOGUE,
RY’ 260 large pages, containing thousands of beautiful illustrations
. —with wholesale and retail prices of 15 acres GOVERNMENT
AUCTION SALE GOODS muiled for 15 cents (stamps).
FRANCOIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, NEW YORE.

instructions that will add $5 to $60 per week to your acts in the same way by virtue of the sul-

income without interfering with regular occupation. 5 5 . .

Fer full particulars and free book, address phates which it contains, and also enriches

JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM

8248 N. Western Ave., B 281 Chicago, I. the JaMlkeiahe lil by the 12 per cent. of potash
which it contains. For saving the nitrogen of

the manure, the kainit and land plaster

(2 are about equally efficient. A manure

treated with kainit is more valuable than
one treated with land plaster by the amount
of potash added. But kainit is more ex-
pensive than land plaster. Finely ground,
untreated phosphate rock, called “floats,”
is also used effectively in the same manner,
and the decomposing manure makes the
phosphoric acid available. ‘The choice be-
tween these materials depends on the exact

Saving all expenses and profits of the dealer. Elkhart Buggies and
Harness have been sold direct from our factory to the user for

35 years.

We are the Largest Manufacturers
in the world selling to the consumer |
exclusively. We ship for examination and \
. approval, guaranteeing safe delivery. No
} cost to you if not satisfied as to style, qual-
ity and price. Over 200 styles of Vehicles

No.676. Top Buggy with padded wing dash and

Stanh t. Pri lete, $67.50- A: das . °
_Men#e7.) One Hoel ex and O5)styles sof Hames: sells fcr @25mniore: || ee needs of the crops, the soils and their cost.
to seats and 134-in. cushion tw Free Catalo i :
fies. Price complete, $103, Send For seme e Pennsylvania. F. E, BonsTEEL.

As goodassellsfor@0more. WH LKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MEG. CO., Elkhart, Ind.

Frsrvuary, 1908

The Home Everybody having a garden or lawn can have a
; Pinetum or grove of Pines. It is now positively
Pinetum known that to live among Pine Trees is to insure
good health. We can supply the varieties of Pines to
make a Pinetum of any size ; this does not necessarily
mean a forest of Pines fifty to seventy-five feet high
has to develop before healthful results are obtained.
We have Pines suitable for gardens of any size,—
kinds that grow only a few feet tall, while others that
grow to almost any height. Give us particulars as
to location and size of Pinetum desired and we will
give the cost and varieties desirable for your climate
and location.
Everybody can stay at home and live among the
Pines at small cost.

The Home ! the olden times every home had its Wild
Wil d Fl Garden. You can have one to-day as in those times,

1 Flower only mote complete and interesting. We have the
Garden plants to make these charming gardens and will be
pleased to suggest the kinds most desirable for your
space and climate, if you will give us particulars
about them.

The Home No home with surrounding grounds should be with-
0 out a Fruit Garden. A small space will produce
Fruit an abundance of Fruit if properly planted, Dwarf or
Garden Trained Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums and Cherries
can be profitably grown in almost any sunny position,
also Gooseberries, Currants, Blackberries, Raspberries,
Grapes, Strawberries, Rhubarb, etc.
We have all these and will be glad to make a selection
to suit your grounds and tastes.

If you intend to beautify your grounds consult our Landscape Depart-
ment. Ask for catalogue. Visit Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS
Rutherford, N. J.

What 7. 7 tal f
TED. GATE ID IN LANGA IN I) YA in alee ae ars

“OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS”

Peonies, Hollyhocks, Phloxes, Iris, Poppies, Pinks, Larkspurs, Columbines, Anem-
ones, Canterbury Bells, Gaillardias, Foxgloves, Day Lilies, Primroses, Sweet Wil-
liams, etc., etc. To know them is tc love them; to know them well is to love chem
dearly. They are not for a few months of a single season only; but like the good friend
and true, they remain for all time. These hardy flowers flourish in almost every soil,
need but little care and require no special knowledge to succeed with them.

Was there ever a man, woman or child who did not enjoy loitering in a garden of
Hardy Perennials, or “old fashioned flowers,” gathering fragrant bouquets of them in
the dewy morning, in the quiet“of evening, even under a noon-day sun? This privilege
is within the reach of every owner of a few feet of land. For $1001 will supply 1000
large, strong plants of choice Hardy Perennials—enough to plant 4000 square feet. If
you will mail me the dimensions of your grounds and a rough outline of them, stating
also the character of the soil, I will make a plan and planting list especially for the prop-
erly, showing just what the selection consists of and where each plant is to be placed to
produce a constant and pleasing display of harmonious color throughout the entire sum-
mer and autumn. (For $55 I will make a plan and planting list and supply 500 plants
or enough to plant 2000 square feet.)

In my catalogue of Hardy Perennials everything is explained. It is an elegantly
printed and copiously illustrated book. It gives accurate descriptions of over 1000
varieties of select Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, Vines, etc., and is brimful of valuable
information about these beautiful and intensely interesting flowers. It is freely mailed
to all who ask for it.

Nurserymen and Landscape Architects

J. T. LOVETT, Box A Little Silver, N. J.

GLIMPSES OF ITALIAN

COURT LIFE
By Tryphosa Bates-Batcheller

A Building Site To
Conjure With

A farm of 39 acres on the North Shore of
Long Island, two miles nearér New York than
Oyster Bay, is offered for sale to congenial
people. The property in the immediate vicin-
ity is held in large blocks by people for resi-

I IRMOW? Ox Me
other book that has
put before the eye so
vividly the attractions
of Italian Life in its
upper circles, aided
by the varied and
beautiful pictures.’’—
Thomas Wentworth
Higginson.

dential purposes. A healthy and extremely
beautiful and interesting part of Long Island.

The land slopes down to a brook running
through the woods, and by canoe connected
with salt water. Well stocked with trout. There
is an admirable outlook over Long Island
Sound, and several sites for houses. The land
is high and about half a mile from salt water.
There is an old house on the place which
could be used as a gardener’s cottage, or while
a new house was being built. Barns, tool
houses, etc. Half way up the hill are two
good springs, forming pools, where fifty years
ago the former owner had his trout ponds
sixty or seventy feet above sea level. Half a
dozen other fine springs are on the place.

PRICE $1,100 AN ACRE

Address C. D. W., Garden Magazine-Farming

Four plates in color, four photo-
gravures, and forty-eight full-
page half-tones—a unique col-
lection of intimate personal pic-
torial documents.

Elaborate cloth binding, and
tasteful box. $5.10 postpaid.

TRYPHOSA BATES-BATCHELLER

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
133-137 East 16th Street, New York

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY,

For the Fresh Air Reader

gS is not a volume in this list which is not really needed in the particular
field: of outdoor interest for which it is intended.

es ti é
NAVIGATING THE AIR

Published under the auspices of the Aero Club of

America. Illustrated with remarkable photographs by

many experts. $1.64 postpaid.
THE ARAB HORSE

By Spencer Borden, 24 photographs.

$1.29 postpaid

The Geographical Library
NEAREST THE POLE

By Robert E. Peary. With a map, frontispiece in
color and many fine photographs. $5.14 postpaid

FIGHTING THE POLAR ICE
By Anthony Fiala. $4.12 postpaid
THE OPENING OF TIBET
By Perceval Landon.
THE PASSING OF KOREA
By Homer B. Hulbert, A.M., F.R.G.S. $4.20 postpaid
THE AWAKENING OF CHINA
By Dr. W. A. PB. Martin $4.14 postpaid
FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE
By C. G. Schillings. $4.19 postpaid
Each yery fully illustrated from photographs.

oy

$4.20 postpaid

FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES

By Beatrice Grimshaw.
photographs.

THE NEAR EAST

By a friend of the Sultan and King Peter of Servia.
48 pages of photographs. $3.23 postpaid

AMERICAN ANIMALS
By Witmer Stone and Wm. E. Cram. 6 colored paint-
ings and 94 extraordinary photographs from life.
$3.37 postpaid
AMERICAN FOOD AND GAME FISHES
By David Starr Jordan and B. W. Evermann. 10 colorel
plates. 100 photographs of live fish in the water, and 200
text cuts. $4.40 postpaid

64 pages of remarkable
$3.24 postpaid

THE MOTH BOOK
By Dr. W. J. Holland, 48 colored plates and many text
cuts. $4.35 postpaid

The Farm Library

FARM MANAGEMENT
By Professor Fred, W. Card.

SOILS:
Them.

FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses,
Sheep, Swine, etc. By E. V. Wilcox.
COTTON
By Prof. C.W. Burkett and C, H. Poe.

Each copiously illustrated from photographs.
$2.20 postpaid

How to Handle and Improve
By 8. W. Fletcher.

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

THE REPTILE BOOK f

By Raymond L. Ditmars. Illustrated with eight plates
in color and 128 in black and white from photographs,
which excel anything now existing on this subject.
$4.37 postpaid
THE FROG BOOK

By Mary C. Dickerson. 16 plates in color and nearly
300 black and white, from photographs by the author.
$4.34 postpaid

THE MUSHROOM BOOK

By Nina L. Marshall, 24 colored plates, 24 black and
white and about 100 text cuts. $3.32 postpaid

MOSSES AND LICHENS
By Nina L. Marshall. 32 pages of half-tones, 16 color
plates and 1445 line drawings. $4.43 postpaid

THE TREE BOOK
By Julia E, Rogers. 350 beautiful photographic illus-
trations (16 in color) by A. R. Dugmore. $4.44 postpaid

NATURE’S GARDEN (Wild Flowers)

By Neltje Blanchan.
white.

32 colored plates, 48 black and
$3.35 postpaid

WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH
ISLES

By Isabel H. Adams.
full-page color plates.

Illustrated with 75 remarkable
Boxed $10.38 postpaid

COUNTRY HOMES OF FAMOUS
AMERICANS

By Oliver Bronson Capen. Introduction by Thomas
Wentworth Higginson. Profusely illustrated from pho-
tographs. $5.57 postpaid

THE COUNTRY HOUSE
By Chas. Edw. Hooper. A complete manual of house-
building in the country, with 380 photographs and plans.
$3.36 postpaid
THE FIRST BOOK OF FARMING

By Charles L. Goodrich. 63 pages of photographs.

$1.10 postpaid
DRIVING

By Francis M. Ware.
orate gold binding,

THE WoRLD's WoRK

113 illustrations and very elab-
$10.38 postpaid

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw YORK.

The Garden Library

LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM
By Leonard Barron, Tlustrated.* $1.18 postpaid
FERNS AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By G. A. Woolson. Tlustrated. $1.17 postpaid
ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Many Experts. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

DAFFODILS—NARCISSUS,
HOW TO GROW THEM

By A. M. Kirby. $1.17 postpaid

AND

WATER-LILIES AND HOW TO
GROW THEM

By H. S. Conard, and Henri Hus. $1.17 postpaid

(In Preparation )

VINES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Wm. McCollom.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND HOW
TO GROW THEM

By I. M. Powell.

HOW TO PLAN THE HOME GROUNDS
By H. S. Parsons, Jr. 56 illustrations. $1.10 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN

By S. W. Fletcher. The 200 photographs will whet your
appetite. $2.22 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE
GARDEN
By Edith L. Fullerton. 250 photographs. $2.26 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN
More than 200 photographs. $1.88 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS

By H. D. Hemenway. 10 illustrations from photographs.
$1.07 postpaid

THE DOG BOOK

By James Watson.

Illustrated from photo-
graphs, paintings, and
rare engravings. Price
per part. $1.10; | com-
plete,$12.00 subscription.

THE POULTRY
BOOK
Edited by Willis Grant
Johnson and George O.
Brown, with the assi :
ance of many expert American jbreeders ana the late
Harrison Weir, the great English authority. 36 color
plates and 636 other pictures. One volume, $7.50
subscription

A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS
By J. Wilkinson Elliott. 50 illustrations ;
binding, boards. $1.72 postpaid

HOW TO KEEP BEES
By Anna Botsford Comstock.
graphic illustrations.

Tue GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Many photo-
$1.10 postpaid

1908

The Read Se dt
Papewaee. 1608 Paes GeAeRe DE UNMEIUAR GC ACZTNGE. fica nee oe cee eee 7

How a Vireo outwitted an intruding Cowbird.

This cut is one of the illustrations from the life history of the cowbird,
showing how a sharp-witted bird sometimes overcomes her enemies.

“Inthe breeding season an unnatural mother may be seen skulking
about in the trees and shrubbery, seeking for nests in which to place
a surreptitious egg, never imposing it upon a bird of its size, but se-
lecting in a cowardly way a small nest, as that of the vireos or warb-
lers or chipping sparrows, and there leaving the hatching and care
of its young to the tender mercies of some already burdened little
mother. It has been seen to remove an egg from the nest of the red-

eyed vireo in order to place one of its own in its place.”

Quoted from one of nearly 4000 nature biographies

‘ ‘ r =: e e
=: contained in
Section of a red-eyed vireo’s nest in which a floor has been

cleverly placed above a cowbird’s egg

THE NATURE LIBRARY

which is the one great work that brings you into intimate relations with the wonders
of Nature that are all about. It combines scientific accuracy with a popular style and
general interest. ‘To produce this,

The Only Satisfactory American Natural History
has taken ten years of careful and painstaking endeavor, and it ‘s the most important
book enterprise in which we have engaged. With the publication of Shells, in the near
future, the set will be complete in fifteen volumes. To prepare this work has involved
the making of 430 color plates, the printing of 6000 pages and the selecting of 3855
photographs of Animals, Birds, Fishes, Butterflies, Moths, Insects, Wild Flowers, etc.

Complete in Fifteen Large Volumes

TITLES
Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 7. Moths Vol. 10. Mechiscre Vor 13. Reptiles
Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 5. Fishes Vol. 8. Insects Vol. 11. Trees Vol. 14. Mosses and Lichens
Vol. 3. Bird Homes Vol. 6. Butterflies Vol. 9. Wild Flowers Vol. 12. Frogs Welt 15. Shells |
AUTHORS |

W. J. Holland David Starr Jordan William E.Cram Witmar Stone A. R. Dugmore Raymond L. Ditmars
L. O. Howard Neltje Blanchan Julia E. Rogers B. W. Evermann NinaL. Marshall Mary C. Dickerson

: With a general introduction by John Burroughs

We are offering the Nature Library under an entirely new plan more favorable than we
have ever offered before and in addition to this, payment may be made in small amounts.

SEND FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AT ONCE
Logacsepogocy ss og9q900 Sanea. ob oap0SususoopDoGRNs 06 AegeseO UN oo ecOousdo souodenodd TEAR OFF eS

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,
133 EasT 16TH STREET, NEW YORK.

Please send me details of new plan for purchase
of Nature Library.

a) SS yyy on atta at cn te cfaV=Ioyole\eseieiciclaieiel=/sicicieisieleieta/e\aie\e\e)=ia(ne\n0/a\a\sjas)s\sieie

ifs aman al Tawa lino Saath,
8 Baral Ne eee DISD CATR DION WEA GLA ZN FreBruary, 1908

year—not only save money, but at the same time, pay as you go.
If you do have this thrifty feeling you will be mightily interested in this
exceptional chance to get three splendid magazines for /ess than you would usually
pay and without the inconvenience of paying all at once.

Country Life in America | The World’s Work
The Garden Magazine-Farming

These three magazines, if bought on the news-stands, month by month (as so
many buy), cost eighty-five cents a month. You can get the three magazines fora
whole year for six payments of one dollar each, at the rate of

Only Fifty Cents a Month
[Usually when you buy on installments you have to pay well for the privilege, but we offer these three
delightful magazines for much less than they are actually worth to you, and on an easy payment basis.

A Very Real Help
You know of the magazines, undoubtedly, from seeing them in the homes of your friends. ‘Thousands of people are
glad to welcome The World’s Work to their library tables each month, and we think you would enjoy it too. It is leader,
guide, and friend to those who want to gain from life something more than merely “making a living.”

Green Fields and Running Brooks 3
Country Life in America tells, as no other magazine has ever attempted, how to make homes more comfortable, how
to enjoy life the more. It is a mine of information for country living. In every issue it prints a ““Homebuilders’ Supplement,”
an illustrated manual of information on building and maintaining a home, almost another magazine in itself. It is a gardening
inspiration ; it tells of horses, dogs, poultry; it treats outdoor sports in admirable fashion.

How To Make Things Grow

How to grow flowers and trees and plants and grass ; howto beautify your backyard, your front yard, your window box ;
how to keep the fern on your dining-room table green and fresh all.winter—these are things The Garden Magazine-F arming
actually accomplishes for its readers.

Use this order blank notwu. We will send you blanks and envelopes for each remittance
when it is due—no bother to you in any way.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK bid THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA 7 MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

Pre PS YOU, too, want to save money on your magazine buying this

Doubleday, Page & Company
133 East 16th Street, New York

Enclosed find one dollar for which enter my name for a year’s subscription to THE Worip’s Work, Country Lire 1n AMERICA, and THE GARDEN

MaGazinE-FarminG. I will remit one dollar every other month until I have paid a total of $6.00.

1908

FEBRUARY,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Are you going to refurnish a room ?
Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

8-4

gladly given.

Cures Strained, Puffy Ankles, Lym-
phangitis, Bruises and Swellings,
Lameness and Allays Pain quickly
without Blistering removing the hair, or
laying the horse up. Pleasant to use. $2.00 per
pottle, delivered with full directions. Book 5-C,
ree,

ABSORBIN, JR., for mankind, $1.00
bottle. Cures Strains, Gout, Varicose Veins,
Varicocele, Hydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain.

W.F. Young, P.D.F., 152 Monmouth St.. Springfield, Mass.

It’s an ideal place for a hen to sit and
raise her brood ina Wigwarm Setting
and Brood Coop. Size 20 x 48 and 24
high. Keeps out rats, skunks, etc. Makes
money, saves many chicks. Price $3.
Move it anywhere. Write for

Discounts and free catalog.
E. F. HODGSON, Box 34, Dover, Mass.

HERES.A
PEN FOR
CHICKS
AND

“RARVA” MEAT MEAL

Is pure lean beef fibre carefully dried while fresh, and will keep
indefinitely. It is, therefore, an excellent form of food for
POULTRY AND DOGS
85 per cent. Protein. @ per cent. Fat. Economic, Pure,
Appetizing and Wholesome. Sack 100 Ibs., $3.00.
Write for Booklet and Sample.
RICHMOND ABATTOIR
RICHMOND, VA.

Dept. D.

EGGS ALL WINTER’

To make your hens lay in cold weather—keep them in
comfortable quarters and feed

Vigor Beef Scrap and Egg Food

I sell everything needed in poultry raising—Cypher’s incubators and §
brooders, portable colony houses, poultry foocls and remedies, bone
cutters, etc. Write for my free illustrated Poultry Supply Book and let
me help you solve your poultry problems.

STOKES’ SEED STORE, Dept.W, 219 Market St., Philadelphia
ARRINER

mil
Ne

6th & Cary Sts.

CHAIN

nanging SLANCHION |
Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testified to its
simplicity, completeness and durability,
among them Ex-Goyernor Hoird of Wiscon-
sin and I. 8. Calvin, Vice-President State
Dairymen’s Association, Kewanee, Ind. The
latter says: ‘*I think them perfeet.”? The
Purchaser takes no risk, as the Stanchions
} are shipped subject to 30 days’ trial in your
own stable. Send for descriptive pamphlet.

W. B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not

given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

YOUR OWN CUT

GREEN
BONE

MAKE It’s a very easy, simple opera-
tion with a CROWN Bone
Cutter. Green bone makes eggs, and
stimulates the hen’s productive organs.
Cut bone fresh every day. The Crown
does it quickly with no bother or muss.
25 years building cutters. Write for free catalog.

WILSON BROS., Box 650, EASTON, Pa.

of what our customers think of the Reliable.

perienced poultry raiser. Send postal today.

Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co., Box B-7, Quincy, Illinois

INCUBATORS
& BROODERS

The fact that we have the largest and most com-
plete incubator and poultry supply house in the world isevidence
An easier to run—simpler—more successful
hatcher can’t be found. Write for our new big poultry book that tells interesting facts
about incubators and care of poultry. It’s brimful of profit for both the inexperienced and ex-

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Address INFORMATION

DEPARTMENT, TuHeE

No crowding nor over-heating; even
temperature no matter how cold outside; cuts
oil-consumption half to one-third; absolutely safe from
fire : hot water and air systems combined, giving healthful

ventilation. WIGWARM BROODERS

are honestly built; don’t twist out of shape;
can’t leak; easily moved on runners, well
painted, and entirely guaranteed. Money
gladly given back if you’re not satisfied.
Illustrated catalog free. Send now for it.

E.F.HODGSON, Box 35, Dover, Mass.

Our new book, telling Whys and Wherefores
of Poultry Profits—Why Ertel machines make
most for their owners; how hatches are uni-
formly over ninety per cent with our ma-
chines; how we pay freight and why our,
Prices are lowest — will be sent you free.

= You oweit to yourself to learn |
“5 the vast difference in results
(Mer between Ertel Incubators
ye—and others. Please say
| whether interested in large
:] machines or a small outfit. }

GEORGE ERTEL CO., QUINCY, ILL.

reen Bone Makes Eggs

) Lots of them, because it is rich in protein and all
# other egg elements. You get twice the eggs,
more fertile, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers,
heavier fowls, bigger profits.

NN’ LATEST MODEL
BONE CUTTER

M

cuts all kinds of bone, with adhering meat and gristle, easy, fastand

fine. Automatic feed, open hopper, never clogs. Catalog free.

10 Days Free Trial No money in advance

F. W. MANN CO., Box 325, Milford, Mass.

Ine

a)

JERSEY REDS GET HEAVY FAST

[vs “Pounds that count.’’ Buy Jersey Red Pigs—the rapid
growers. Strong, vigorous, small-boned, long-bodied. Nine
months pigs often dress 350 lbs. Buy a pair now. Get quick profits.

Circular free.
AE COMEEN Ss Box T,

Moorestown, N. J.

Mated pair

billing, or SQU AB BOOK
kissing.

From eggs FREE
to squabs Send for our handsome 1908 Free Book,
in 4 telling how to make money breeding squabs.

We were first; our birds are largest and
outsell all others. Our methods are
widely copied. Plymouth Roek Squab
Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

1 Large Berkshire Swine

Thisis not only the most pop-
ular breed; but the most tractable
and prolific. We offer bred gilts

" and sows, service boars and pigs
all ages of the most fashionable
breeding and highest excellence.

Speczal Offering. — Pigs ten
weeks old in pairs and trios, not
akin. Correspondence solicited.

H.C.&H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N.Y.

GARDEN MAGAZINE,

Information about the selection or care
of dogs, poultry and live stock will be
133 East Sixteenth Street, New York

“© The Whole Thing in an Egg Shell.’’

PER HEN

Wiech HOW TO GET THEM

The sixth edition of the book, ‘200 Eggs a Year Per
Hen,” is now ready. Revised, enlarged, and in part re-
written; 96 pages. Contains among other things the method
of feeding by which Mr. S. D. Fox, of Wolfboro, N. H., won
the prize of $100 in gold offered by the manufacturers of a
well-known condition powder for the best egg record during
the winter months. Simple as a, b, c—and yet we guarar-
tee it to start hens to laying earlier and to induce them to lay
more eggs than any other method under the sun. The book
also contains a receipe for egg food and tonic used by Mr.
# Fox, which brought him in one winter day 68 eggs from 72 hens;

and for five days in succession from the same flock 64 eggs a
day. Mr, E. F. Chamberlain, of Wolfboro, N. H., says: “By
following the methods outlined in your book I obtained 1,496
eggs from gt R. I. Redsin the month of January, 1902.”’ From
14 pullets picked at random out of a farmer’s flock the author
got 2,999 eggs in one year—an average of over 214 eggs apiece.
f It has been my ambition in writing ‘200 Eggs a Year Per Hen”

to make it the standard book on egg production and_ profits in
poultry. Tells all there is to know, and tells it in a plain, com-
mon-sense way.

Price 50 cents; or with a year’s subscription
to the American Poultry Advocate, both
for '75c.3 or given as a premium for two yearly
subscriptions at 50c. each.

Our paper is handsomely illustrated, 44 to 80 pagés, 50 cents
per year. 3 months’ trial, ro cents. Sample Free. CATA-
LOGUE of poultry books free.

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE
151 Hogan Block Syracuse, N. Y.

ALDORO FARM, ROSSTON, PA.

BERKSHIRES: At the recent Ohio, Wis., and Illinois
State Fairs, and at the great Inter-state live stock and
horse show, at St. Joseph, Mo., our Berkshires won 10
championships and every grand Championship—a record
never before equalled by any exhibitor. Wealso won the
Farm-Home Grand Champion Cup for the largest and
best exhibit of Berkshires made in 1907 by any breeder in
America.

We have over roo sows in the breeding herd, and we can
supply any number of animals of the quality which has
made this herd famous.

LARGE YORKSHIRES: We have a select herd of
this valuable breed of swine and can quote attractive

vices.

GUERNSEY CATTLE: A few bull calves of excel-
lent breeding at reasonable prices.

We solicit inquiries, and take pleasure in describing
our offering.

PRAISE CHICKENS
FOR PROFIT

Johnson, the Incubator man, has started thousands

of beginners. His Famous Old Trusty Incubator is

surest and simplest. Runs itself and pays for itself.

Sold directon 40 days’ trial. Freight prepaid. Send

for his free poultry book. It will make you money.
@. M. JOHNSON, Clay Center, Neb-

ECCS=
More EGCS

Feed your hens green cut bone,
and they willlay more eggs. It’s
cheaper than grain. All you
need is a

STEARNS
Bone Cutter

the only cutter made that cuts the bone fine
enough for both hens and chicks—posi-
tively will not splinter it. It’s themost £
economical cutter made. Youcan get
oneon 30 daysfreetrial. Write for
book, ‘‘How to Make Poultry Pay.”

E. C. STEARNS & CO.,
Box 2, Syracuse,
N.

8-b

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY, 1908

= -~

7

TALK: OF-THE - OFFICE |

A LAST NOTICE

HIS note will reach our readers before the

end of January and this is the last time we
shall mention two publications which are es-
pecially appropriate to this season.

COUNTRY LIFE CALENDAR

We have already sold many thousands, and
the last of them, mounted and boxed, are avail-
able either for $1 each (for which they will be
sent postpaid), or given (free) fora new sub-
scriber to Country Life in America or The
Garden Magazine-Farming. ‘The Calendar must
be asked for when the subscription is sent.
You can have the Calendar for yourself and

SE aici ae a |

use the magazine for a gift, if you choose—
and a magazine is an ever-recurring reminder
of your thought.

Hui
NM

Es

‘To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”"—Axtony and Cleopatra

GARDEN AND FARMING ALMANAC FOR 1908

This most helpful and necessary book will be
found to be of inestimable value to anyone who
lives in the country and wishes to have under
his hand a book which will answer the thousand-
and-one questions which arise every day in a
country home. It is a new sort of publication
and not an advertising scheme; the information

GARDENGFARM
ALMANAC

given is from the most competent authorities
that we could secure and the advice is disin-
terested. Illustrated and almost twice as large
as last year. The whole edition of last year’s
Almanac was sold out before February rst,
and after that a good many people discovered
that they wanted it. Price 25c. postpaid.

MISS GLASGOW’S NEW NOVEL
“THE ANCIENT LAW”

About once in two years we issue a new novel
by Miss Glasgow. Such books as she pro-
duces are the result only of conscientious work,
and her novels have that real distinction of style
and character which has made George Eliot’s
novels live; and Miss Glasgow’s audience
extends around the world where English is
spoken. In England, in Australia, in Canada,
as well as in the United States, her admirers
have steadily grown in number, and it is a pleas-
ant thing to know that such really good books
find an intelligent and increasing appreciation.

{

Jjc¥e

The scene of the new story is in Virginia
and the people in it are the types of characters
which made “The Voice of the People,” ‘The
Deliverance,” and “The Battleground” so popu-
lar. “The Ancient Law’ will be ready about the
time this note appears in print. It has not been
published in serial form and will come to readers
as an absolutely new production. Indeed, it was
finished only on December 15th, and quick
work was necessary to prepare the large editions
for publication in January.

GARDEN BASKETS

A good many of these baskets were used for
Christmas presents. They are quite unique
in this country, but have been sold very widely
in England, where everyone has and loves a gar-
den. We sell them for cost because they are
supplied in connection with a full year’s sub-
scription to Country Life in America and even

then the price to our friends is not much
more than half that charged for the imported
baskets—and they are better adapted to
American needs. Price and particulars on
request, including a year’s subscription to The
Garden Magazine-Farming or Country Lije in
America.

" THE COMPLETE NATURE LIBRARY

For ten years we have been working on this
set of books. It has been a long, hard, and
expensive task. We shall publish this spring
the fifteenth volume, in Miss Rogers’s book on’
Shells and Seashore Studies. The set is de-
livered at once for you to use while paying for
it. Let us send you particulars. A postal
brings the information.

Fesruary, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 8-e

b er ss mes : v
FEBRUARY, 1908

COVERMDESIGN=—WinteriShrubherys) ao fal. 1 Ge ey so Be ee ae Ramee Piel sees 5: : 5 8 6) 6g Naina IR. (Cras

PAGE PAGE
RUBOMIGEEEE BEST SMEDSMAN (ae) 6) ge fe ee eye te ee 8 RaIsinG Bic CABBAGE Crops FOR Prorir. ... RR. W.M. 26
Porators Worth Having . .... . . E.D. Darlington 10 Cut SomE Twics ror Your WINDOWSILL BEFORE MARCH IST . 26
- Photographs by E. M. Boult and Samuel Fraser Photographs by Laura F. Mordaunt
HomE GARDENING IN A ee Came ee Anita M. Miller 13 A REASON FOR PouLTRY FAILURES . . . . . Otis Barnum 27
otographs by the author
; Buyin ; 1G THE J r
Four PLANS FORA 50xX125 FT. PLOT . reba B.C: Leible 16 ae o eee eae RAS SE OOD PS, oe Cl ] fee Vs zl
GROWING Fancy Grapes ror Locat Markets . S. W. Fletcher 18 NS Die ae ipgiAndeeeee ye bale ree aa Pye
Cee I FARM AND GARDEN NEWS mae ae 8
How To RAtsE Bic Crops In A Dry SEASON E. H. Doane 20 Fi ng VO GCG Vobmrater came eran ee Ne RE 6
Photographs by the author How To SUCCEED WITH THE INcUBATOR . . .F.H. Valentine 30
A Fast-GrowtNc EVERGREEN TREE FoR ARID REGIONS UBOUND Ce 18 MNEs
Bhotomente by GeorreGiMcresn | ALU Braunton. 21 STARTING VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS ... .,. .- . . 34
THREE BuLtzBs You SHOULD START IN FEBRUARY David McIntosh, Goop ONIoNs GROWN apres SEED . . . . . Thomas J. Steed 36
Photographs by Nathan R. GravesandG.H.Hale A. J. Loveless, G. H. Hale 23 Vinsiramnms ay JUsscas oer Cus y te utnor AME. UF 8
WEEVILS AND WIREWORMSINSEEDS ... .. ..... 2 = PSI oS) MG GNI Me Les aime ea ref
Fm Cat on apo eae " FEBRUARY LESSONS FOR NORTHERN GARDENERS . .. . . . 40
: . 5 c ° 5 eo - WLANN 2
4 SEED-BEDS vs. BROADCASTING . . . . . Zhomas McAdam 40

THREE RARE BARBERRIES FOR CONNOISSEURS . JI’. E. Pendleton 25
Pnaiaaensine iy Nate 1 (Gees FEEDING FOR MiLtK AND BUTTER ... . . F.E. Bonsteel 42

Howeroere | CurbiOwERS, = . . . . . -, Penelope Kay 25 IANSWERSHTONOMERTES = jni- 5 ce. 2 Mel | sate cats why Bot ten we ad

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copyricut, 1908, sy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents H. W. LANIER, Secretary S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

A Splendid Evergreen Vine

are z a as ws, 2 ma

t= 4 Euonymus Radicans

HY PLANT the Boston Ivy or Amfelopsis Veitcht which loses its

\ \ leaves with the first frost, when you can have a more beautiful vine
that holds its leaves all winter and is perfectly hardy? More
beautiful than the English Ivy, which is not hardy. For covering stone or
brick walls this Euonymus is unsurpassed. The leaves are small, of a rich
lustrous green, and look just as well in winter as they do in summer. This
vine can also be used instead of Box, which is not hardy north of
Washington, for making garden edges or little hedges, and nothing is more
beautiful for the purpose.

20 cents each; $2 per dozen; $14 per 100

Extra Strong Plants :
30 cents each; $3 per dozen;

$20 per 100

We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including 300
varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, and also
the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our
illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas
and Shrubs, will be sent on request.

“A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about
Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this
book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request.

Elliott Nursery Company

336 Fourth Avenue PITTSBURG, PA.

Stone house in Erie, Pa., covered with Euonymus Radicans

The Readers’ Service will give you

information about motor boats al H E G A R D E N M aN G A Vp T N E

THE BEST ADVERTISEMENT OF IVORY SOAP

is the soap itself. The ‘second-best advertisement is the factory, or rather the factories,
in which it is made.

The parent-factory is located at Ivorydale, a suburb of Cincinnati. There are about
forty buildings altogether and they occupy the greater part of a tract of land, 85 acres

in extent.

Most of them are three or more stories high, four to six hundred feet long and one
to two hundred feet wide. All of them are of stone or stone and brick. They are
surrounded by well-kept lawns. Flower-beds add a touch of color to the scene and
the factory-walls are covered with vines. Everything about the place is as clean and
bright as a new pin.

‘A small army of men and women is employed. The conditions under which they
work could hardly be improved upon. In winter, the buildings are comfortably warm.
In summer, they are as cool as scores of revolving fans can make them. At all times of
year, pure air and an abundance of light are provided.

In point of completeness, cleanliness and beauty, Ivorydale has few equals and
no superiors.

Is it surprising, then, that its products, chief among which is Ivory Soap, are not
equaled, much less surpassed, by those of any other factory?

FEBRUARY,

1908

The Garden Magazine

WOit.' VINE INK, 2

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Who Is the Best Seedsman ?

Es. February we get about a bushel
of letters asking “What seedsman do
you recommend?” We shall be glad to
answer this question when some savant will
tell us which is the best apple for every
climate, season and purpose.. In other
words, the real question is, “ How can I get
the best seeds ?”’ and here is some real help
on that.

“Last February,” writes a Western reader,
“T tried an interesting experiment. I got a
packet of postal cards and wrote to the ten
seedsmen whose advertisements in THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE interested me most, and
when I got their catalogues I came to the
conclusion that there are six seedsmen who
are the best—for me.

“One catalogue gives me the best cultural
directions; a second the most convenient
tabular matter for ready reference; a third
the greatest number of high-grade half-tone
illustrations; a fourth discriminates most
carefully as to varieties for special purposes;
a fifth has taken the lead in producing varie-
ties of farm seeds adapted to my particular
region (the northwest); a sixth offers all
sorts of rare and curious vegetables, including
the best Japanese kinds; and every one of
them has certain exclusive specialties that I
want.

“The bulk of my seed order will always go
to the same seedsman—at least for the next
sixty years. But the best part of gardening
is testing the new varieties that really repre-
sent an important improvement and these
you can pick out of the ruck every time.
When a seedsman takes two pages (at $1,000
a page) to explain why a new bean, or pea, or
corn is better, that bean, or pea, or corn is
really better, and I’ve got to have it; but it
would be foolish to try the forty other new

PRO AROY 1908

beans that are adapted to market gardeners
or to a different climate from mine.

“Morever, I want the highest-priced seeds
I can get, because the thing I value most is
quality. For that I am willing to sacrifice
everything else—productiveness, size, color,
long season, ability to ship well, even hardi-
ness. I know that successful market gar-
deners pay $90 a pound for'cauliflower seed,
while the unsuccessful onéS buy the $2.50
kind. I know that. the” seedsmen them-
selves have to pay $75 an ounce for
the highest-bred petunia seed, while they
will be glad to sell you low-bred petunias for
fifty centsan ounce. Yet nobody can tell the
difference by the seeds themselves. It’s
all in the breeding and rogueing. That’s
what costs. And that’s what I want to buy.

“Of course, the amateur doesn’t have to
stake his living on his seeds, as the market
gardener does, but his interest in quality is
just as acute. We don’t want the market
gardener’s varieties; we want varieties that
are adapted toamateurs. But we shall never
have the very best flavored vegetables until
we get out of the five-cent rut. The reason
why Englishmen have better peas than
Americans is that they don’t grumble about
paying seventy-five cents a packet. Nobody
could hire me to sow cauliflower seed costing
less than twenty-five cents a packet. I
wouldn’t take Government free seeds as a
gift. The least expense in gardening is for
the seeds. In no other business do you trust
so much to the integrity of your dealer.”

WHAT’S BEST FOR SPRAYING ?

January and February are mighty impor-
tant months for spraying. If you are an
amateur, the chances are about ten to one
that the San José scale is destroying some
of your most valued fruits and ornamental
shrubs.

There is no one best outfit or material,
Dei

The cheapest type of sprayer is one of these
dollar squirt guns—good enough for a little
garden patch or for bushes, but very slow
and tedious, and useless for trees.

The best type oi sprayer for the amateur
who has no tall trees to spray is either a
bucket pump, costing about $5, or a com-
pressed air sprayer, costing about $7.50.

The best type of sprayer for the farmer or
fruit grower is a barrel pump mounted on
wheels or carried on a wagon.

The best type of sprayer for tall trees is a
power sprayer operated by gasolene and
carried on a special wagon.

Again, the wholesale way to destroy chew-
ing insects is to spray with arsenical com-
pounds, such as Paris green, London purple,
arsenate of lead.

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

The wholesale way to destroy sucking in-
sects is to spray with kerosene emulsion or
soluble oils

The wholesale way to prevent fungous
diseases is to spray with Bordeaux mixture.

But the methods that experiment station
bulletins recommend are generally imprac-
ticable for amateurs. Their methods require
outfits that are too costly for the amateur or
too much trouble. These patent bug cures
which the experiment stations are always de-
crying may be poor economy for the farmer,
but they are often true economy for the
amateur.

For instance: One of these brands has
been “exposed” in a hundred bulletins be-
cause it contains hardly any arsenic and is
practically nothing but ground oyster shells.
But it does the work! Why? No one knows.
Possibly it acts like ground glass in the
stomach. Anyhow, it kills the cabbage
worms and cutworms. For twenty years
the same market gardeners and florists have
been buying that same brand of bug poison
and willingly paying a, good price for it. The
chemical analysis doesn’t always tell the
whole story.

“A rum thing is Natur’,” said Squeers.
Who knows why Bordeaux mixture sends
flea beetles away from potato vines? No one;
but the important fact is that it does repel
them. Don’t be afraid to try brands of
insecticides. Or if you are, write to the
Readers’ Service Department. There is a
new man now in that department who knows
a lot about spraying.

THE MOST IMPORTANT JOBS NOW

Plan your garden. Draw it to scale.
Send for catalogues of seeds, plants, tools,
spraying outfits and fertilizers.

Resolve to have more and earlier vegetables
from the same ground by means of hotbeds
and cold frames.

The farther south you live the earlier in
this month you should send your order.
Who is the best seedsman in your section?
What seedsman of national reputation gets
the highest prices for his specialties that are
adapted to your section ?

February offers about the last chance for
starting a crop of mushrooms.

Bring twigs indoors now, and put them
in a vase of water and see them bloom

Palms, ferns and other foliage plants that
are too big for their pots may be shifted now.

Start cannas indoors for very early flowers;
also gladioli.

Bedding plants may now be propagated
from the stock plants.

Sow seeds of tomatoes, celery, cabbage,
egg plant, endive, lettuce, onion, etc.—indoors
of course, to be put out in May.

Potato planting is one of the very first duties in the early spring. Ground manured in the fall is best; fresh manure induces scab

Potatoes Worth Having—By 13, ID. Darhinawomn, 32

Pennsyl-

WHY NOT ECONOMIZE BY GROWING A YEAR’S SUPPLY FOR YOUR FAMILY EVEN IF YOU HAVE
TO RENT A VACANT LOT ?—HOW TO HAVE FINE, MEALY POTATOES THAT KEEP ALL WINTER

Gl ee most delicious potatoes are “new”
potatoes, as opposed to those that are
allowed to mature before being dug. And
the varieties and cultural methods for pro-
ducing these in perfection, as opposed to
the supply of larger tubers for winter stor-
age are quite distinct. But quality in pota-
toes goes deeper, since some varieties are
bred for perfection in baking, while others
are adapted for salads and for frying.

The baking varieties ought to cook to
a fine, flour-like texture,in an hour or less,
when baked or roasted ina hot oven. The
salad varieties are of firmer texture, suitable
for slicing, and do not break up into fine
particles except when baked for a much
longer time.

The mealy varieties will burst open and
fall apart if cooked too long, but they are
the best for general use because they require
less time for cooking and because baked
potatoes are healthier than fried potatoes.

The solid varieties are not so convenient
and economical for general use, because
they require more time and fuel, and if
underdone they are lumpy; but they are
greatly valued for hotel and restaurant use
in some sections, because when boiled in
the skins they remain firm and solid a long
time and are just what is wanted for frying
and for salads, whereas a baked potato
loses its hotness, mealiness, and often its
color five minutes after it is taken from
the stove.

Quality in potatoes also depends on cul-
tural conditions. The best mealy potatoes
are produced on a warm, sandy soil;
these will be of convenient size and keep
well. The largest but poorest potatoes
are produced on wet, heavy soil; these are
coarse grained, soggy, too large for con-
venient handling, and quick to decay.

We ought to pay more attention to va-
rieties. Some will cook dry and mealy as
soon as they reach full size even when
freshly dug; others can be cooked more
quickly and evenly after they have been
dug for some time and the tubers have par-
tially dried out, and yet others continue
firm and solid when cooked even after they
have been stored in the cellar all winter.

VARIETIES FOR THE EARLY CROP

The extra early varieties will ripen from
two to four weeks earlier than any of the
main crop varieties and may be two months
earlier than the latest, but they have to
sacrifice size to earliness, and the potatoes
are mostly round, not oblong. The plants
are stiffly erect, free from side branches, and
have heavy compact leafage. The potatoes
lie closely together in the hill, thus permit-
ting close planting in rich soil. And with
an early planting, the growth is made and
the crop matured before there is any danger
of the foliage being attacked by blight.

The earliest and hardiest variety is Quick
Lunch or Noroton Beauty, producing round

10

tubers of a very pale brownish color with
carmine splashes around the eyes. Eureka
Extra Early and Early White Ohio are
similar in form and growth, rather larger
in size and a little later in season, with
smooth white skins and very attractive in
appearance. These varieties grow rather
larger than the White Triumph and Red
Triumph potatoes, which are extensively
planted in the south for early Northern
markets. All the varieties in this class cook
firm and solid, but those named are free
from any hard core, and in my estimation,
are much finer in flavor than the special
salad potatoes which are imported from
Germany.

VARIETIES FOR THE MAIN CROP

The main crop varieties produce larger
potatoes and more of them than the earliest
varieties, and the potatoes are generally
oblong. ‘Their stems are of a spreading
or vine-like character and branch freely;
and in a warm, wet season they develop a
second growth of branches and foliage after
having blossomed. The rows should be
placed farther apart, and there is a greater
necessity to guard the plants from the blight
and the potato bug.

The earliest of the main crop varieties
may be two to four weeks earlier than the
latest and heaviest yielders and they are
distinct in that the potatoes cook to a dry
mealy, floury texture as soon as they reach

1908

FEBRUARY,

The result of too shallow planting (2 inches); tubers are
exposed and get sunburnt, hilling is necessitated

full size. ‘The earliest of this class is Bur-
pee’s Extra Early, an oblong, white or very
pale brown tuber, with the finest cooking
quality of any variety that I have ever
known. Early Bovee, Early Rose and Early
Beauty of Hebron are also excellent varieties,
a little later in season.

Among the latest and most productive
sorts I consider the Vermont Gold Coin
the most satisfactory, being vigorous, blight-
resisting to a great degree, and producing
a large crop of large, smooth, white-skinned
potatoes, which have a finer cooking quality
than any I have ever grown, with the excep-
tion of the one just mentioned.

Other excellent late varieties are Carman
No. 1 and Carman No. 3, Rural New Yorker
No. 2, Green Mountain (or as it is locally
known in this section, State of Maine), Sir
Walter Raleigh, and Uncle Sam. Irish Cob-
bler, a second early variety, is quite popular
in some sections on account of its strong,
vigorous growth and _ productiveness, es-
pecially when grown in moist soils, but it
is decidedly inferior in quality to the other
varieties named in this list. Nearly all
these later varieties have long tubers which
are also broad and thick, and of smooth,
regular outline and show but little waste
in preparation for the table.

Cut the seed to pieces with two eyes for greatest results

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

It is worth while devoting some space in
the family garden to a planting of potatoes
for early use, although the main supply can
be grown more cheaply under field culti-
vation. Special attention and extra feeding
and frequent cultivation are necessary for
the best results with the very early varieties,
and these can only be given in a garden. It
is usually better in small gardens of less
than a half acre to grow the more succulent
vegetables only.

HOW TO RAISE “‘ NEW ” POTATOES

The ground for the early planting should
be well drained and on a warm, sunny slope,
but if the garden is level with stiff, heavy
soil, the ground can be made warmer and
drier early in the spring by laying it off in
raised beds with shallow walks or ditches
at intervals. It is best to have the ground
prepared in the fall by spreading a heavy
coat of stable manure and plowing or dig-
ging it under before the ground freezes.

THE DANGER FROM MANURE

Fresh stable manure plowed or dug under
in the spring is apt to lead to scabby tubers.
If the land was not manured in the fall
commercial fertilizer had better be used
for the garden plantings, or else a compost
of hard wood ashes mixed with poultry
droppings. Paradoxical as it may seem,
heavy applications of long or strawy ma-
nure used in this way make a heavy soil
lighter and looser in texture, while on a light,
sandy soil they will make the land of heavier
and more loamy texture. If manure is
applied in large quantities, liberal applica-
tions of air-slaked lime should be given too.
It is almost impossible to over-enrich the
land if the fertilizing elements are thoroughly
mixed with the soil before planting. The
fertilizer manufacturers have for potatoes,
special brands which show a high percentage
of potash, and they will also be found excel-
lent for garden crops in general. Four quarts,
or even more, of a good fertilizer can be used
to a row one hundred feet long, or a large
handful can be mixed with the soil in the hill
where the plant is to grow; but if such

Well prepared land.

Tubers ree

Four inches is the proper depth to plant.
main covered and level culture can be given

liberal quantities are used, be careful to stir
it into the soil with a rake or hoe before
planting the seed.

As early in the spring as it can be worked
in good condition, dig or plow the soil to
a good depth, raking or harrowing the sur-
face to a medium fineness. Mark out the
rows making furrows or drills with the hand
plow or hoe about three inches deep and
putting the fertilizer or compost in the
bottom. Cut the seed potatoes into pieces
having two eyes to each, and lay these pieces
with the cut side down in the bottom of the
drill or furrow, and twelve to fifteen inches
apart. Small or whole potatoes, or large
potatoes cut in halves lengthwise can be
planted in the same way, but are liable to
throw up a greater amount of stalks. These
must be thinned out when hoeing, as other-
wise the potatoes will be comparatively
small. For the best development of the
tubers, leave only one or two strong stalks
to a hill.

The space between the rows should be
governed by the method of cultivation. For
the hand or wheel hoe two feet apart will
suffice, while if a horse cultivator is used,
the rows should be fully three feet apart.

For the earliest crop, plant the seed near
the surface, as growth will then start more
quickly than if the seed pieces are covered

Is not four inches deeper than you thought?

12

deeply in the ground—as is done in the old-
style field plantings where the seed pieces
are placed in the bottom of every third
furrow, to be covered by the plow. A depth
of about two inches (covering with fine
soil) will do for the early garden crop, the soil
being thrown over by the hand plow, rake
or hoe. The ideal depth for best average
results is four inches; too shallow planting
results in having tubers exposed.

WHEN TO CULTIVATE

Cultivate frequently throughout the grow-
ing season—once a week at least and oftener
if convenient. In the home garden either
the hand plow or wheel hoe may be used.

Extra care and labor expended in the
preparation of the soil before planting give
positive returns in an earlier start and a
stronger growth. Equally, too, constant
and thorough surface cultivation afterward
will show most markedly beneficial results.

i

A good plant having a few good sized tubers. Soil
removed to show how they form. Distance across
tubers 2 ft.; spread of roots 4 ft.

The old saying that ‘cultivation is manure”
may not be entirely correct, but cultivation
certainly does enable the plants to derive
the greatest benefits from the fertilizers
used. Cultivation also conserves the sup-
ply of moisture in a dry season, and by
keeping the soil constantly loose and open,
admits air to the roots. If the soil is left
slightly ridged over the row or hills when the
potatoes are planted, cultivation can be
begun before the shoots appear above the
surface.

After the plants attain a height of ten to
twelve inches, draw up the earth to form a
ridge or hill about the plants, but before
this is done, extra feeding can be given by
working the soil away from the row and sow-
ing another dressing of fertilizer along both
sides of the stalks, afterwards throwing the
loose earth up to the vines. When the earth
is well ridged or hilled around the plants,
the tubers form in the ridge or hill and are
easily dug; they are also kept drier in a wet
season or when grown in low, wet ground.

DIGGING AND STORING

The tubers may be dug for immediate
use in the fresh state at any time after they

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

reach a suitable size—say from one inch
to one and a half inches in diameter. These
potatoes are not pared or peeled as the skin
is barely forming on the tubers. They
are simply scraped clean, boiled until ten-
der and then served with melted butter or
a white sauce. All the potatoes in the hill
can be used at this stage, the small or “mar-
ble” size being just as good as the larger
ones, but only as many as are needed for
immediate use should be dug at one time.

The potato is said to be ‘‘ripe”’ when the
skin is firmly set on the tuber and does not
rub off or suffer abrasion in handling. The
tops of the very early kinds die down as soon
as the growth is completed, but with the
larger, later sorts, the tops or vines remain
fresh and green even after the potatoes have
reached their full size.

These late varieties must be dug as soon
as the skin becomes firm and well set. If
left in the ground in a rainy season, a second
growth starts, causing knobs on the tubers
which, besides detracting from the appear-
ance of the tubers, impairs both the keeping
and cooking qualities.

When the potatoes are dug, they should
be stored in a cool, well aired cellar or ‘shed.
If the ground is wet so that the soil adheres
to the tubers, it should be dusted lightly
with fine dry lime or land plaster to improve
the keeping qualities. A darkened place is
the best for the tubers after they have been
dug and stored, as strong light will turn the
skins green.

FOLLOW POTATOES WITH CABBAGE

In the highly fertilized garden the aim
is to keep crops coming on in as rapid suc-
cession as possible. Therefore, as soon as
the potatoes show signs of flowering, or of
having completed their growth, work up
the soil between the rows (as deeply as pos-
sible) and set late cabbage plants or hills
of sweet corn between the potato rows.
Either will make a good start while the
potatoes are maturing.

NEW POTATOES ALL SUMMER

While I have only referred to the earliest
possible planting, other plantings may be
made in the same way at any time during
the spring months, while in the Southern
states it is a common practice to make a
planting the last of July or early in August
to furnish a supply of “new” potatoes in
the fall. If a continued supply of “new”
potatoes is desired in the home garden,
the period of production can be lengthened
to include very nearly the entire summer,
either by making several plantings of an
early variety at different times, or by plant-
ing at the same time different varieties which
will come on in succession. As a rule, the
late plantings (especially of early varieties)
do not develop as large a growth of plant
and foliage as the early plantings and come
on more quickly, yet produce nearly as large
a crop of tubers.

The only really serious insect preying on
the potato is the striped Colorado potato
beetle, and this is easily held in check by
frequent light applications of Paris green.

FrepruaRy, 1908

iT

The leaf to the left is attacked by blight; the
other is not. Both show holes made by flea beetle.
Bordeaux mixture cures both

The old bugs which live in the ground all
winter begin their attack as soon as the
young plants appear above the ground, but
do little damage. The soft worm-like larve
hatched later rapidly defoliate the plants,
however. ‘Therefore, treat the young plants
early in the season.

The one serious fungus disease is leaf
blight, which sometimes checks the growth of
the plants. This appears when the hot
weather sets in with sudden and marked
changes. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture
will check this and if Paris green is added to
the mixture, (one pound toa hundred gal-
lons), both bugs and blight can be treated
in a single application.

The small home garden is seldom equipped
with a suitable spraying apparatus, and in
such cases both the poisonous insecticides
and fungicides are most readily applied in
dry powder form by means of bellows or gun.

Harvest the main crop varieties as soon as they
show flowers, and prevent second growth

Home Gardening in a Warm Climate—sy Anita M. Miller,

Austin

FRUIT FROM MARCH TO DECEMBER, AND FLOWERS THE YEAR ROUND OUTDOORS—WHERE
PRIVET IS EVERGREEN, CANNAS ARE HARDY, AND SAN JOSE SCALE AND ROSE BUG UNKNOWN

[Evitor’s Note—We will gladly publish articles from any part of the country that are as good as this, but they must be practical for people in the section described and interesting to

others.

N a state so new as ours it is hard to find
anyone who can tell you what can be
successfully grown, or even to predict what
vagaries may be expected from the climate.
Every now and then some one stumbles on
the fact that some fruit, vegetable, or grain is
perfectly adapted to sections where it had
heretofore been considered impossible, and
the price of land goesup witha bound. Then
the state is so large and of such varied climate
that fruits and flowers which flourish in one
section may not grow at all in another.
Austin is in the same latitude as Talahas-
see, Florida, but has a different climate.
Cold weather, when we have it, comes in the
form of sudden, winds from the north, or
“northers’’ as we callthem. They may be dry
or accompanied by rain and in rare instances
by sleet. The first frost may be expected

the latter part of November, while in the
spring it is usually safe to set out tomato
plants by March 15th. The yearly rainfall
varies from eighteen to forty inches. In
planning a garden preference must be given
to plants which will stand considerable
drought.

The seasons when most rain may

ae ho Die a area, PS

Climbing roses make brilliant screens

be expected are late spring — March and
April—and early fall—September and
October, with corresponding summer and
winter seasons of drought. But I wish to
emphasize may be expected, as on this point
the gardener is sometimes doomed to dis-
appointment.

We selected for our suburban home a lot
160 x 242 ft.—not quite an acre. It was
virgin wilderness. We had to cut a path
through prickly pear and mesquite brush
from the front door to the street car track,
and whenever the baby and her Mexican
nurse ventured out of doors the little one
returned with her frock all torn by brambles.

The only reason “why we do not print more Southern articles,” 1s that we do not know how to get any as good as this.]

Our first work was therefore to construct
walks and to make a Jawn. A near-by bed
of natural gravel made the walks an easy
matter.

The grass universally used here is the Ber-
muda. It propagates itself very rapidly by
runners—indeed, after it is once planted the
chief care of the gardener is to keep it from
overrunning the flower beds and walks. The
roots are planted in furrows about two feet
apart. A Bermuda lawn can be ‘kept in
fairly good condition without watering; ours
has not been watered for years. It will turn
yellow after a prolonged drought but does
not die out and quickly recovers after a rain.
Every few years it needs a top dressing of
good black earth. Nature has sown one
lawn for us with rain lily, a fragrant, white,
night-blooming bulb which flowers in three
days after a rain and was pictured in THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE of June, 1906, page 273.

HEDGES

We tried doing without a fence but found
it impracticable. Allsorts of people and ani-
mals, from cowboys on horseback to dogs
and droves of turkeys, were apt to wander
across the lawn and flower-beds at any
moment. So we built a fence and did not
like it because it was not an old ivy-covered
brick wall. Then we decided to compromise
on hedges, and are delighted with the result.
Around the front lawn, where it seemed that
some formality was due the public, there is
a prim hedge of California privet (Ligus-
trum ovalijolium) relieved by a sturdy Japan
privet (Ligustrum Japonicum) on each side
of the front gate. Then on the north of the
orchard there isa windbreak of Chinese arbor-
vite, while the side of the orchard next to the
street is protected and adorned by a hedge of
pink hybrid Wichuraiana roses eight feet high.
The vines are carefully trained on poultry
netting, and in April they are covered with
small rosy-pink double blossoms, borne in
clusters. The back yard is surrounded by
the prettiest “living fence” of all—a hedge
of Hall’s honeysuckle. ‘The pure white blos-
soms changing to cream before fading are
borne in great profusion in March and there-
after at intervals until frost. They fill the air
with fragrance and are alive with humming-
birds and butterflies. All of these hedges are
evergreen in this climate except the Japanese
rose, which turns to beautiful autumn tints
in January and then drops its leaves, putting
out fresh ones in a few weeks. The privet
is the only one we have to water.

SHADE

In a country of almost perpetual sunshine
shade trees are a very important consider-
ation. Our place was blessed with a boun-
tiful supply —eight post oaks and twenty

13

American elms. Every year or so we have
them cleaned out of mistletoe and moss—
their only natural enemies so far as we know.
They are too precious for us to cut down—
even one —so the problem of finding room

Prickly pear flowers surprise the Easterner

for fruit trees, flowers, and vegetables, has
been a serious one.

FRUITS

However, there was an open space just
north of the house 75 x 125 ft., and we de-
cided to devote this to a little orchard. Here
we planted twelve pear trees, fourteen peaches,
fourteen plums, two apple trees, and two
Siberian crab-apples, two apricots, two
Japanese persimmons, and four fig trees.
There are five rows, eighteen feet apart, the
trees being set twelve feet intherow. Extra
space was gained by placing the pear trees
directly on the line dividing the orchard
from the lawn and seiting a privet hedge be-
tween their trunks. :

Fig trees will grow anywhere, so twelve
others were stuck around in odd corners about
the grounds. We have White Ischia, Celes-
tial, Brunswick, and Magnolia—four trees
of each kind. The Celestial is the most
popular. It is a little blue fig that begins
ripening in June and is very sweet. Person-
ally, we prefer the White Ischia, a large
deliciously sweet cream-colored fig, but un-
fortunately it does not begin ripening until
August, when we are out of town, continuing
to ripen in September and October. The
Brunswick is very late—October, continuing
until stopped by frost. We have had them

14

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The home-built summer house affords a grateful lounging place. The vines are Hall’s honeysuckle

as late as December 7th. The Magnolia
is, for some reason, not recommended by
the nurserymen, while to me it seems the
most desirable for the home garden. It
is practically ever-bearing, and if it happens
to be frozen or broken down will go on bear-
ing the next year on new shoots sent up from
the roots. The fruit is of good quality when
fully ripe. Fig trees here have no enemies
except an occasional hard winter, which may
kill them back to the roots, but they always
come up again. ‘They do not require culti-
vation, as their roots run so close to the sur-
face, but are benefited by a top dressing of
stable manure and by mulching. The
suckers which are sent out each year from
the roots should be pulled off as the trees are
hardier when trimmed to a single stem.

We built an arbor in a different part of the
ground for grapes, of which we have Concord,
Delaware, and Niagara, not because they
succeed best, but because they were favorites
of ours. One vine of Carman, a Texas va-
riety, has borne enormously, and one year
bore a second crop in the fall after a heavy
yield in June.

We tried the experiment of planting rows
of blackberries between the fruit trees—sixty

plants altogether—and the second year were
surprised by a crop of sixty quarts a day dur-
ing the time they were at their best. The
vines, and also the dewberry vines which
we had to crowd in next the fence, are given
the culture which has been found to succeed
best in Texas. It consists simply in cutting
away the entire vine, new growthand old,as
soon as the plants are through bearing.
Pomegranates are so ornamental that we
planted them around the house and in the
shrubbery. The double flowering varieties—
bright crimson, variegated and cream—are
the ones usually grown for ornament, but to
me the fruiting kinds, with single blossoms,
are much more beautiful. They bear their
blossoms more gracefully and the flower is
beautiful from the time the bud appears,
looking likea brilliant scarlet berry, until it
hangs drooping from the slender stem as a
crimson ripened fruit. The California Ever-
bearing, a dwarf variety, begins blooming,
like the others, in March, and continues to
bloom and bear fruit until stopped by frost.
The Spanish Ruby is not quite so prolific
but has more brilliantly colored and larger
fruit, and perhaps a better quality. The
Jacobson, a Texas seedling, is a shy bloomer

Nature insists on flowers: the pinK Mexican primrose creeps into spots where nothing has been planted

FEBRUARY, 1908

and bearer, but makes up for this deficiency
in the wonderful beauty of the very large
scarlet blossoms which hang from its droop-
ing stems. The fruit is larger and considered
good, but to me is rather insipid. It has pink
seeds instead of the usual coral. I have
never eaten any in Texas as fine as those we
used to get in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.
I am sure that the difference arises from our
not having the variety grown there—just
as the Mexican oranges are incomparably
better than the California ones because
they grow such atrocious varieties in Califor-
nia. The pomegranate here seems to re-
quire no culture of any kind. You cannot
choke it out with Bermuda grass or wither
it by drought or starve it with barren, rocky
soil.

In order to succeed here with peaches,
plums, pears, and grapes—without irrigation
—the surface of the soil must be cultivated
frequently and kept free from weeds. In
large orchards it is customary to cultivate
with a broad shallow orchard plow, but we
have confined ourselves entirely to “the man
witha hoe.” If this sounds primitive, let me
assure you that I once saw a Mexican plow-
ing—actually and effectively plowing—with
his bare feet—simply and joyfully digging
up the soil with his toes! Peach and plum
trees must be headed low, so that their trunks
will be protected from the sun.

Strawberries are the only fruit I know of
that require irrigating here, and they require
so much of it that very few people grow them.
We raised beautiful ones under the plum
trees, and they began to ripen in March and
continued until we went away for the summer
in July, but after two unusually dry summers
we gave them up, for the present at least.
The Texas strawberries that supply the Chi-
cago market come from nearer the Gulf.
Cherries, raspberries, gooseberries, and
currants do not succeed.

So far no San José scale has been discov-
ered about Austin. ‘The only enemies that
I know of that attack fruit trees are the
blight on Le Conte pears and a borer that
kills the apricot trees by ringing the trunk
under the outer bark, and we have discov-
ered no satisfactory relief from this latter
pest.

Our fruit season lasts from the first dew-
berries in March to late figs in December,
Plums may be had continuously from May
ist to October, and some of the plums in
our orchard—notably Gonzales—measure
seven inches around and are deliciously
sweet.

The season for peaches is from the latter
part of May until October. The earlier va-
rieties are surer bearers as they bloom later
and thus escape injury from late frosts. E|-
berta, however, is a July peach and has so
far never failed in our orchard.

We have never found it necessary to ferti-
lize any of our fruit trees.

FLOWERS

Our flower season extends the year around,
—from the blooming of the Jasminum nudi-
florum in January to December violets. Our
main crop has been roses. We gather

Frepruary,1908

bushels of them during March and April, and
they continue, often, to bloom at intervals
until January, though a freeze may stop them
much earlier in the season. We have planted
only a few varieties, as this plan gives us a
profusion of bloom of each kind. For
white we have Kaiserin Augusta Victoria and
The Bride; for pink, Caroline Testout and
Bridesmaid: for red, Meteor, Reine Marie
Henriette, and Baldwin; and for yellow
Maréchal Niel. In addition to these we
have La Marque where a strong effect is
wanted, as it is of wonderfully vigorous
growth and a free bloomer. All of these
roses are thoroughly tested here and per-
fectly adapted. The only culture we give
the Kaiserin is a top dressing of stable
‘manure about once in two years, a severe cut-
ting back after each blooming, anda thorough
watering once in two weeks during the dry
season. During very dry weather we rake off
the surface soil to the depth of about two
inches, soak the ground thoroughly and then
rake back the dry soil.

The Maréchal Niel should be budded on
Manetti stock as it grows slowly on its own
roots. It is a most satisfactory climber as
the foliage is beautiful. Reine Marie Henri-
ette sometimes loses its foliage and is then un-
sightly. Caroline Testout and Reine Marie
Henriette for some reason more frequently
bloom for Christmas than any other varieties.

I do not know what a rose bug is. The
only insect enemy to roses that we have
noticed is one that bores into the branches
after they have been pruned, hollowing out
thepith. Thisis easily stopped by cutting off
all the hollow branches as soon as discovered
and burning them. Mildew sometimes at-
tacks Meteor and it has proved so bad cn
Crimson Rambler for several years that we
cut ours down and budded them to Reine
Marie Henriette.

THE MOST POPULAR SHADE TREE

The only real enemy to roses in Austin is
the hackberry tree. This is our most popu-
lar shade tree and is a very beautiful one in
the rare instances when it is not pruned to
a cabbage head in the mistaken effort to get
rid of the mistletoe with the least possible
expenditure of energy. But unfortunately
for lawn and garden the tree sends out a
fine mesh-work of surface roots to great
distances and ruins flower beds. We have
no hakeberry trees.

So far as I know there are no “tender”
bulbs here. We leave our cannas, tuberoses,
and gladioli out all winter without even
mulching, and the gladioli begin blooming in
April. Chrysanthemums die down to the
roots but the roots are not winter-killed and
we do not protect them inany way. The best
varieties bloom in November and the florists
cover them with a cheesecloth tent to protect
the blossoms from wind and light frosts until
Christmas.

We have tried only the commoner kinds of
annuals, such a nasturtiums, phlox, larkspur,
and the double sunflower. Most annuals
require such a lot of water, and the hot sun of
July and August plays sad havoc with them.
Sweet peas are best sown in December and

GARDEN MAGAZINE

THE

nt es i

te CALE

Seven years’ growth of a white Ischia fig tree. The top may be frozen back occasionally

begin blooming in March. Pansies bloom
during February, March and April, and are
dried up by the southeast winds in May.

FLOWERING AND EVERGREEN SHRUBS

It is in shrubbery that we have blundered
most, and consequently learned most. We
sent away for a lot of Rosa rugosa because we
read a beautiful description of them saying
that they would thrive anywhere; and they
laid down and died in three days. Out of
about thirty lilacs that we have planted one
is alive—hbarely alive. But we have not given
up lilacs, and are now trying an experiment
with them which may succeed. It consists
simply in budding them on Ligustrum Ja-
pomcum and ovalijolium, high — always high
enough to prevent them from sending out
roots from their own wood.

Spirea prunijolia and Van Houttei—and
mock oranges (Philadelphus) thrive with al-
most no attention. A Deutzia crenata, var.
rosea plena — sent to us by a mistake of the
florist who put it in for a mock orange — has
grown, bloomed and prospered, but requires
more water than our other shrubs.

We have beautiful altheas (Hibiscus Syri-

acus) but they also require a good deal of
water to keep them in bloom during the sum-
mer. We have var. totus albus and another
single variety white with dark red center.
They begin blooming in April and continue
at intervals.

Perhaps our most beautiful shrub, besides
pomegranates, is the pink crepe myrtle (La-
gerstremia Indica). It is covered with resy
blooms from June until frost. Like the pome-
granate, it will stand any amount of neglect.

Next in favor come the oleanders (Nerium)
which in addition to being constant bloomers
have the advantage of being evergreen. The
single white is the most showy and seems to
be most hardy, while the double pink has
more beautiful blooms and is fragrant. The
red and cream varieties are not so good. All
kinds bloom from April on, until frost. The
bushes are sometimes frozen down to the
ground by an unusually cold winter, but as
the roots are not killed they quickly recover.

I don’t know just where to class the Span-
ish bayonets (Yucca) but we have planted
them in our shrubbery borders. ‘Their great
crowns of pearly bell-shaped blossoms in
March are a delight.

Prickly pear and mesquite bush have to be cleared off, and paths cut through growths like this

16

The Cape jessamine (Gardenia florida) is
a successful evergreen flowering shrub that
requires irrigating. Other evergreen shrubs
that we value in our garden are the stately
broad-leaved Japan privet the graceful
Amor River privet, the Euonymus Japonicus,
and our own beautiful chaparral (Berberis
irifoliata), and mountain laurel (Sophora

Four Plans for a 50 x 125 ft. Plot—By F. C. Leible,

THE SIXTH OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES ON “CHEAPEST GARDENS FOR THE SMALLEST

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

secundiflora). The borders are edged with
German iris, which is evergreen here.

VINES ON THE HOUSE

For vines on the house we have limited
ourselves to climbing roses (of which the
Maréchal Niel easily heads the list) except
that on the north side there is English ivy.

THE

FEBRUARY, 1908

The little summer house, which is our special
pride because home-made without the help
of a carpenter, was planted with grapevines
and Reine Marie Henriette roses, but they
did not give enough shade and shed their
leaves in winter, so they have been replaced
by honeysuckle. Some facts about vegetable
gardening are given on page 38.

New
York

LOTS,’’ EACH OF WHICH GIVES FOUR SOLUTIONS COSTING $25, $50, $75, AND $100 RESPECTIVELY

Oe of the commonest plots in subur-
ban and village communities is 50 x 125
feet. There are good reasons why this is a
popular size. A depth of 125 feet is abqut
the minimum for a lot on which a family
can be raised under sanitary and comfort-
able conditions. I wish there were a
national law against making any more lots
that are only 100 feet deep, for the back
yard in such lots is never large enough to
furnish an attractive playground for the
children.

If a lot is 125 feet deep you have room
enough for a vegetable garden that will
supply the family needs for the summer,
though not for the entire year. This depth
is also about the minimum depth for a lot
on which a barn is to be kept.

I find that suburban lots that are 125
feet deep are usually fifty feet wide.
They are often subdivided into 25 x 125 ft.
units, but they are generally sold in twos
or threes. The suburbanite who likes this
kind of lot usually builds a house worth
four or five thousand dollars.

I.—THE SIMPLEST SOLUTION: $25

In order to have a beautiful place, a per-
son ought to spend about 5 per cent. of the
entire amount upon planting the grounds.
This would be $200 for a place upon which

a total of $4,000 is spent. But there are
many people who feel that they cannot spend
more than $25 altogether. The first plan
shows about all that can be accomplished
for this sum—some good porch vines, two
good shade trees on the street, a row of

currant bushes to separate the vegetable

a plan like the next and work toward it
gradually.

2.—A SHRUBBERY GARDEN FOR $50

The second plan is best adapted to a
family which does not care about raising
vegetables and is not particularly inter-

Y EGETABLES,

1. Two Norway maple (Acer platanoides).

2. Two ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius, var. lutea).
3. Three hazel (Corylus Avellana, var. purpurea).

4. Two loose clustered wistaria (Wistaria multijuga).
5. Two large flowering clematis (Clematis Jackmant).

The simplest solution for a 75x 125 ft. plot.

garden from the back lawn, and a few small
clumps of shrubbery.
A much better scheme would be to make

.« Two American ash (Fraxinus Americana).

. Four Chinese wistaria (Wistaria Chinensis).

. Two white dogwood (Cornus florida).

Three weigela (Diervilla florida).

Two Reeves’ spirea (Spirea Cantoniensis).
Five Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus).
Three Persian lilac (Syringa Persica).

AWS H

Three Tartartan honeysuckle (Lonicera Tatarica).
. Five golden bells (Forsythia suspensa).

. Three tamarisk (Tamarix Gallica).

. Three lilac (Syringa vulgaris).

Soh) Coste

Lia

13. Five rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus).

14. One hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata).

15. Seven Siberian dogwood (Cornus alba).

16. Four golden bell (Forsythia suspensa, var. Fortunet).

17. Five goumi (Eleagnus longipes).

18. Three Thunberg’s spirea (Spirea Thunbergit).

to. Five Judas tree (Red bud) (Cercis Chinensis).

20. Three St. John’s-wort (Hypericum aureum).

21. Three snowberry (Symphoricarpus racemosus).

22. Three purple fringe or smoke tree (Rhus Cotinus).
Thirteen Boston ivy (Ampelopsis tricuspidata).

23.
12. Four Japanese snowball (Viburnum tomentosum, var. plicatum),

A permanent flowering shrubbery planting on a 50x 125 ft. plot can be done for $50

WALK

VEGETABLES

©OOSOOS OOOGSS

. Three cork bark spindle tree (Evonymus alatus).
. Six rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa),

. Six coral berry (Svmphoricarpus vulgaris).

9. Ten red currant (Ribes rubrum).

to. One Japanese quince (Cydonza Japonica).

Cont

Costing $25 for plants

ested in gardening. Shrubbery is permanent
and requires no great amount of attention or
special knowledge on the part of the owner,
as compared with annual or even perennial
flowers. But any person who likes this
plan and desires a vegetable garden also,
may easily adapt it by moving the shrub-
bery forward in order to allow a vegetable
garden at the back.

Anyone who is particularly fond of
flowers but does not care to raise vegetables,
will find this plan an excellent one because
he can put his annual or perennial flowers in
an informal border following the line of
the shrubbery. The flowers will be much
more attractive against a background of
shrubs than if planted in formal beds in
the middle of the lawn.

3.—A GARDEN OF PERENNIALS FOR $75

The third plan is adapted only to a flower
lover who is willing to give an hour or so
a day to gardening. It would be better to
spend $25 more upon it in order to have a
continuous belt of shrubbery on either side
of the lot as far as the end of the house.
The best way to enjoy a garden is to have a

FEBRUARY, 1908

summer house in the midst of it, and I have
indicated such a one in the plan, although
of course the cost of it is not included in the
estimate.

Another great improvement would be to
have something connecting the back door
of the house with this summer house, and
I have indicated two long beds which might
well be filled with peonies or other flowers
to make the entire walk interesting. I have
provided a high hedge of privet along the
back of the house, as this weuld be a much
prettier background for the flowers than
a board fence.

The ideal way of treating such a back
yard would be to have it hidden entirely
from the street and to continue the plant-
ing clear around the back yard, having
shrubbery at the back and flowers in front,
but this would probably bring up the ex-
pense to about $200.

4.—AN ALL-YEAR GARDEN FOR $100

The most important kind of garden isan all-
year garden because most people cannot
afford to have a summer as well as a winter
home. Everything in the fourth plan has been
put thereto make the place attractive in
winter when most others are bleak and bare.
It contains a number of evergreens but is also
rich in shrubs with brightly colored bark
and bushes with red berries that stay on
all winter. The chief mass of these is in the
front yard, where the red berries would be
enjoyed by the passersby. Many people
would enjoy such an arrangement. Per-
sonally, I should prefer to mass them in the
back yard at the corners or rear of the lot,
where they could be seen by the family at
mealtimes and from the bed rooms, as they
give a note of cheer which it is pleasant to
have in the morning on arising.

While the plants are selected primarily
for their winter beauty they will all be at-
tractive the rest of the year also. Many
of them, of course, have showy flowers.

This is the best planting list of the four.
It is superior to the second because that
attracts your interest only during the
growing season. Probably a better way of
arranging this interesting material would be
to grow it somewhat as in Plan No. 2,
in order to get the flowing outlines of
shrubbery.

As the material used for winter effect is
unfamiliar to beginners in gardening, I will
explain some of the features. The front
of the house is lined with box, the stateliest
of decorative broad-leaved evergreens.
These are relieved by handsome specimens of
hemlock at the entrance and corners.

Along the sides of the house I have speci-
fied evergreen vines, English ivy on one
side and the climbing euonymus on the other.
They do better on stone than on wood.

For the specimen trees in the front yard
I have used Nordman’s fir as this is one of
the most cheerful evergreens. Although
the foliage is very dark, it is very rich because
of its shining surface.

The only tall evergreens in the back yard
are three hemlocks grouped in one corner.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

17

3

1. Two sugar maple (Acer saccharum).
2. Two fringe tree (Chionanthus Virginica).
3. Two ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius).
4. One umbrella tree (Magnolia tripetala).
5. Six Chinese peony (Peonia albiflora, var. Sinensis).
6. Twenty-three ‘‘ Matador” perennial phlox (Phlox paniculata).
7. One rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus).
8. One golden bell (Forsythia suspensa, var. Fortunet).
9. Two Japanese snowball (Viburnum tomentosum, var.
plicatum).
ro. Five snowberries (Symphoricarpus racemosus).
11. Three spireas (Spirea Bumalda, var. ruberrima).
12. Three golden mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius, var.
aureus).
13. Four swamp rose mallow (Hibiscus Moscheutos).
14. Three bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor).
15. Seven Japanese iris (I7is levigata I. Kempferio).
16. Six Oswego tea (Monarda didyma).
17. Nine blanketflower (Gazllardia aristata).
18. Six loose strife (Lystmachia clethroides).
19. Five columbine, (Aquilegia vulgaris).

20. Fifty Scotch pink (Dianthus plumarius).

21. Hight ‘“‘Coquelicot” perennial phlox (Phlox paniculata).
22. Six gas plant (Dictamnus albus).

23. Six sneezeweed (Heleniuwm autumnale).

24. Fourteen showy larkspur (Delphinium formosum).

25. Eight Pfitzer’s torch lily (Kniphofia aloides, var. Pfitzerit).
26. Six false chamomile (Boltonia asteroides).

27. Hight Pearl achillea (Achillea Ptarmica, var. flore-pleno).
28. Hight tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata).

29. Ten blazing star (Liatris pycnostachya).

30. Five golden glow (Rudbeckia laciniata, var. flore-pleno).
31. Ten lilac moss pink (Phlox subulata, var. frondosa).

32. Sixteen white moss pink (Phlox subulata, var. alba).

33. Twenty pink moss pink (Phlox subulata).

34. Eight Japanese iris (I7is levigata).

35- Six Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale).

36. Eleven “spectabile” German iris (Iris Germanica).

37. Six orange day lily (Hemerocallis fulva, var. Kwanso).
38. Four Japanese virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).

39. Two Hall’shoneysuckle (Lonicera Japonica, var. Halliana).
40. Thirty-two California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium).

The flower lover can have a successfu: perennial garden for $75

In the other corner, I have massed five
specimens of the Japan cypress, which is
noted for its fluffy, feathery effect.

The back fence will be obscured by tall-
growing shrubs, the chief mass of which
consists of the fruiting form of the old-
fashioned snowball which has the largest red
berries that’ remain attractive all winter.
Intermingled with these are two specimens
of the red twigged Siberian dogwood and
two of the salmon-barked willow, which has
a particularly warm and pleasing color
against the snow. —

At the back of the house I have massed
ten roses that have bright red hips and four
coral berries. The latter make a brilliant

show until Christmas time with their crim-
son-purple berries.

On one side of the yard (Nos. 20 and 21)
I have placed three specimens of our native

red osier dogwood and three of the winter-
berry, which is a species of holly that is
very brilliant in winter in spite of the fact
that it sheds its leaves.

TRUE AND FALSE ECONOMY

The only true economy is to have heavy,
bushy specimens with plenty of feeding
roots. This is the only kind of stock I
have had in mind in making these planting
plans. Asa rule it is safer to pay the highest
retail price than the lowest.

[Eprror’s NotE. The next article in this
series will deal with lots 75x 125 ft., and we
promise our readers some very interesting
solutions. Anyone about to use one of these
plans and desiring further information about
adapting them to individual requirements
will do well to communicate with the Readers’
Service Department.]

[ee

. Two Norway maple (Acer platanoides).

- Two Nordman’s fir (Abies Nordmanniana).

. Four boxwood (Buxus sempervirens).

. Ten Savin juniper (Juniperus Sabina, var. humilis).

. Five Japan cypress (Chame cyparts obtusa).

. Three hemlock (T'suga Canadensis).

. Fifty-five Japanese barberry (Berberis Thunbergii).

. Three golden leaved dogwood (Cornus alba, var. elegantis-

00 OnuAwWNH

Hw

sima).
iz. Three golden bell (Forsythia suspensa var. Fortunei).
12. Three kerria (Kerria Japonica).

14. Eleven snowball (Viburnum opulus).

15. Two Siberian dogwood (Cornus alba).

16. Two salmon barked willow (Salix vitellina, var. Britzensis).
17. One white birch (weeping) (Betula alba).

20. Three osier dogwood (Cornus stolonijera).

21. Three winterberry (Ilex verticillata).

22. Ten roses (Rosa lucida).

23. Four coral berry (Symphoricarpus vulgaris).

24. Three barberry (Berberis vulgaris) .

25. Eleyen creeping euonymus (Euonymus radicans).
26. Eight English ivy (Hedera Helix).

An expenditure of $100 will make the garden beautiful all summer and interesting all winter

_——_

Growing Fancy Grapes for Local Markets—By S. W. Fletcher, *

Mich-

HOW A GRAPE GROWER NEAR GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, MAKES A GOOD LIVING FROM LAND THAT
COST HIM $250 AN ACRE—CAN YOU NOT ADOPT SOME OF THESE IDEAS TO YOUR OWN CONDITIONS?

(Nore.
the South.

than ordinary success has been achieved in ordinary circumstances.|

CCORDING to the last United States
census, the average fruit farm of the
country returns approximately 9 per cent.
interest on the investment. This percentage
would satisfy even some of our able finan-
ciers and shows that the business is a paying
one when handled rightly. But there are as
many failures in fruit growing as in any
other business, and these pull down the
average. Some fruit growers make more
than 9 per cent. from their investment, some
but 3 or 4 per cent., some even less. There
is, of course, an element of chance in the
business, for the fruit growers deal with the
physical conditions of soil and climate which
are unstable, and with labor and markets
which are fluctuating; but on the whole, this
element of ‘‘luck” is very small compared
with the almost unfailing regularity with
which success follows energy, skill, and
judgment, especially the latter.

It is not luck, but hard work and good
judgment that have brought success some-
what above the average to Mr. W. K. Mun-
son, a fruit grower near Grand Rapids,
Michigan. His good judgment was shown
most of all in his selection of a location and
in his recognition of the type of fruit grow-
ing that would pay best there. When Mr.
Munson came to Michigan from New York,
fourteen years ago, he saw the possibilities
of developing the local market of Grand
Rapids, and bought his farm and planted
it with the distinct and definite purpose of
catering to that local market.

“Vinecroft”—most suggestive and appe-
tizing name—is a small hillside farm three
miles from the city market of Grand Rapids
and one-half mile outside the city limits.
Being so near the city, it was an expensive
farm to buy; Mr. Munson paid $250 an
acre for it fifteen years ago. That is a good
deal of capital to tie up in an acre of land,
and it was evident to Mr. Munson that this
land would have to be devoted to some spe-
cial crop in order to returna profitable inter-
est. Grapes were selected because the soil
and site were favorable, and because he
thought the near-by market would pay well
for fancy grapes. If this same farm had
been planted to peaches or apples, or straw-
berries, possibly this story of a successful
fruit grower would not have been written.
But grapes were the best crop for that hillside,
and the best crop for that near-by market
—so I repeat that Mr. Munson’s success is
due as much to good judgment as to cultural
skill and hard work.

The twenty acres of grapes on this small,
yet profitable, suburban farm, are on a high
gentle slope to the east and north, with lower
land all about, thus giving the air drainage

that prevents injury by late spring and early
fall frosts. There is here no large body of
water to temper the climate, as in most of
our famous grape regions, for the influence
of Lake Michigan is much reduced at this
inland point, thirty miles away. So there
is especial need of securing a high, back-
ward site for such an impressionable fruit
as the grape. The soil, a strong clay loam,
is heavier than most grape growers prefer.

I found Mr. Munson in his vineyard one
bright September morning, when the frost
in the air gave zest to the work of some ten
or twelve pickers whom he was superintend-
ing. The pickers were all women. He
keeps five men to do all the lugging and
lifting, and eight to fifteen women during
the picking season, which lasts from six to
seven weeks.

King (lower bunches), a bud sport from Concord

The packing is done in the field. Each
picker has a stand holding four boxes at
waist height, with an empty box hung. on
each of the four corners. The four boxes
are packed simultaneously; a bunch that
will not fit into one box will surely find a
place in one of the other three.

Strolling through the vineyard I remarked
upon the thick green carpet of crimson
clover between all the rows. ‘“ That,” re-
plied Mr. Munson, “is my method of keeping
the rich soil of my hillside from washing
away, as it did before I began to use cover
crops. My tillage programme begins as early
in the spring as I can get upon the land,
using a three-share gang plow, and turn-
ing the furrows towards the centre. I go
one bout each way, plowing three or four

18

This is the first of a series of real stories of personal success in farming — mostly fruit growing and market gardening in the Middle West, but not neglecting
These will not be hackneyed stories of those spectacular successes involving huge capital or unique conditions.

On the contrary, they will show how a little better

inches deep. Then I follow witha one-horse
plow and take off two furrows. After this
I cultivate with a mold-board toothed culti-
vator that stirs the ground very shallowly.
This can be worked in and out among the
vines and I find it a much more satisfactory
method of keeping weeds out from beneath
the vines than the set-over grape plow or
horse hoe that some growers use.”

“T know from fifteen years’ experience on
this farm that it pays me to cultivate at least
once in eight to ten days, whether the land
is weedy or not, and after every rain. When
the ground is in good condition, especially
during a dry spell, I discard the cultivator
and use a home-made weeder. I cultivate
perfectly clean until the middle of August
and then sow crimson clover between rows,
leaving a seeded strip two feet wide
under each row. ‘This is usually six inches
high when it is turned under in the spring.
It not only keeps the soil from washing, but
also holds all leaves when they drop, and
these are a great help to the soil when plowed
under.”

“But are you not afraid that plowing
under crimson clover every year will give
too much nitrogen to the vines and force
them to an over-vigorous growth?”

“T have never observed any ill effects,
and I know that my vines suffer far less
from drought since I began the practice.

“Besides cultivator teeth and crimson
clover, I use unleached wood ashes. They
are the best fertilizer for my clay soil, espe-
cially since I use so much humus. I used
2,500 bushels last year on my twenty acres
of grapes. During the first three years I
manure the vines heavily with stable manure,
so as to get them up on the wires as soon
as possible. After that I used no manure,
but ashes, cover crops, and tillage. lama
great believer in frequent shallow tillage.”

When one is catering to a local market,
it usually pays to have more varieties than
if growing fruit for the general market. Mr.
Munson’s present planting is as follows:
600 Moore’s Early, 400 Campbell’s Early,
4co Winchell or Green Mountain, 2,000
Worden, 2,500 Concord, 1,000 King, 1,000
Delaware, 1,200 Niagara. There are smaller
plantings of other sorts, but these have been
the standards.

Following are Mr. Munson’s comments
on varieties:

““Moore’s Early has been one of my money-
makers. Last year I got $300, gross, from
600 vines. The bunches of Brighton and.
Campbell’s fill out poorly; I presume it is
partly due to lack of cross pollination, al-
though they are near other varieties. I
pulled out five rows of Brighton last year

FEBRUARY, 1908

A bunch will always fitinto one of the four basKets

and set Concord. My Niagaras have not
paid during the last five years. Moore’s
Early, Worden, Concord, Delaware, and
King are my winners.”

The ‘ King” grape is the pride of Mr.
Munson’s heart, for he originated it himself.
That is, he originated it as much as men
usually “ originate”’ varieties. Nature pro-
duces a variation, some man sees it, is shrewd
enough to recognize that it has commercial
value, and so selects and propagates it.

In 1892 Mr. Munson’s attention was called
to a vine in a block of 2,000 Concords.
Next year Mr. Munson looked up that vine,
decided that it bore grapes different from
and superior to Concord, which it was sup-
posed to be. So he whip-grafted 100 two-
year old Concord vines with cions taken
from this vine, and then waited until 1896,
when these vines came into bearing. That
first crop convinced him that he had an
acquisition. He took cuttings, raised 800
vines, and set all of them himself. When
these vines had borne, the value of the
variety was demonstrated beyond doubt.

A committee of the State Horticultural
Society, reporting on this grape, said that
it is “more vigorous and prolific than the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Concord, time of ripening and length of
season the same, clusters one-fourth longer,
flavor nearly the same, but more sprightly

a valuable acquisition, a worthy off-
spring of its parent, the Concord,” from
which it is evidently a bud sport. The
superiority of the King over the Concord in
the size of bunch and berry is shown in the
figure on page 18. On the Grand Rapids
Market, when Concord sells for eight to ten
cents per four-pound pony basket (holding
about three pounds of grapes) King sells for
fifteen cents per basket all the season. I
can appreciate the pride of Mr. Munson in
the variety that has been developed at Vine-
croft Farm.

Many grape growers in Southwestern
Michigan have been losing heavily from
black and other rots. I asked Mr. Munson
to relate his experience for fighting the ene-
mies of fruits. He said, “I attribute my
comparative freedom from pests partly to
early plowing, which puts the diseased leaves,
fruits, etc., out of the way. I begin to spray
when the new growth is a foot long, and
spray four times, using one-half pound of
Paris green and a pailful of tobacco juice
to each 100 gallons of Bordeaux. I throw
a bushel or two of tobacco stems into a bar-
rel of water and let them stand there for a
few days before drawing off the liquor. Black
rot has not troubled me except on Niagaras,
which sometimes begin to rot a few days
before they are due to ripen. The leaf-
hoppers have bothered some, but the tobacco
juice fixes them.”

Mr. Munson uses a sprayer deriving its
power from a gear attached to the wheels.
One man drives and watches the indicator.
Two other men follow, with a lead of hose
apiece. Vermorel nozzles are used and all
the spray is shot underneath the foliage.
“Never spray from the top,” said Mr. Mun-
son, “and never spray until the leaves drip.”
The machine costs $75, and is run at a pres-
sure of fifty to eighty pounds. On an aver-
age twenty-two gallons of spray are applied
to each row of 125 vines, the vines being set
eight feet apart in the rows and ten feet
between rows.

The system of training followed at Vine-
croft Farm is the Kniffen, with occasional
renewal. The first year after planting,

Clean tillage:the ground is stirred every weeK

poor canes are nipped back and growth
thrown into the one that is strongest. At
the end of the second year, this cane is at
the top wire. Four bearing canes are started
out the third year, two on each wire,
running each way. ‘Thereafter the Kniffen
system is followed, renewing clear back to
the main stem whenever there is a good
chance. The canes of two adjoining vines
are never allowed to pass each other. ‘The
only summer pruning is to cut off with the
sickle canes that trail upon the ground.

There is this difference between the grapes
from Vinecroft Farm and the grapes of many
other growers. Vinecroft grapes are sold
beforehand; the others are begging for pur-
chasers and may or may not be sold at a
profit. The intrinsic merit of the fruit and
tasty packing, as well as shrewd advertising,
have made the difference. All Laskets of Vine-
croft grapes have an attractive and unique
label, and no state fair is complete without
a table of “Grapes from Vinecroft Farm.”

The point to this article is found in the
success that a fruit grower has made on a
small farm, catering to a high class trade in
a near-by city. Mr. Munson tells me that
in a series of years he averages $175 an acre
from his grapes, etc.

Crimson clover sown about August 1st is plowed under in early spring

Carrots between young vines which are heavily manured the first hree years

How to Raise Big Crops in Dry Seasons—By D. H. Doane,

Mis-
souri

INSURE NOW AGAINST NEXT SEASON’S DROUTH. NEXT SUMMER MAY BE RAINLESS, BUT YOU CAN SAVE
YOUR CROPS WITHOUT IRRIGATION IF YOU CAN ADAPT THESE SUGGESTIONS TO YOUR CIRCUMSTANCES

peer les there may bea scarcity of
rain during the time that crops are
growing, it is quite possible to “water” the
plants by using to the utmost the moisture
that is in the soil itself, and by handling
the soil so that it will absorb and hold
more moisture.

SAVING MOISTURE IN SPRING

During the spring, when the soil contains
the most moisture, there is apt to be the
most evaporation, but a surface mulch will
check this, so the great need of making a
loose surface as early as possible in the
spring is evident. Never, under any circum-
stances, work the ground so early that it
packs or puddles, for this breaks down
flocculation. But as soon as it can be done
with safety, establish a mulch. It will even
pay to do this with a disk or harrow rather
than wait too long for the ground to get dry
enough to plow, for the mulch made at this
time does more, perhaps, than any other in
conserving soil moisture. To show the
amount of water that this early mulch saves,
even in a short time, a test was made on two
pieces of ground, in every way alike except
that one was plowed seven days earlier in
the spring than the other. At the time of
plowing the second piece, the first contained
a little more moisture than it had when it was
plowed, and the plot last plowed had lost
moisture from the first four feet equal to 1.75
inches of rainfall. This amounted to about
one-eighth of all the rain received during the
growing season.

CULTIVATE EARLY

An early mulch is also valuable because
it keeps the ground moist, and if plowing is
delayed, the ground will not break up hard

Fifty days’ growth of corn in a very dry season.
The land was disKed before plowing, and the dust
mulch maintained all summer

r-

The poor result at harvest time with a field of timothy
sown on land that broke rough and remained lumpy

and lumpy. It will require more work to
get such lumpy ground into proper shape
for a seed bed than it would to have made
the mulch with the disk early in the spring.

Suppose that we have a well prepared
seed bed and the crop is in the ground;
further, that we have at our disposal a maxi-
mum amount of soil moisture due to fall
plowing or early spring plowing and the
maintaining of a mulch. Question: How
to make the greatest use of this water?

THE WATER AVAILABLE

The only water that is available to the
plant is the moisture in the soil surrounding
each particle and in the smaller openings
between the soil particles. The young plant
sends out its roots and from these roots there
grow minute root hairs. These are single
celled and come in closest contact with the
soil, drawing. or absorbing from around the
particles their film of moisture, which is
sent up through the roots and stem. In the
soil we find a movement of the soil moisture,
due largely to what is absorbed by the plant
and evaporation. It is this moisture in the
soil that goes up through the capillary
tubes to the surface and is lost.

If these tubes open directly into the air,
it is obvious that the movement through
them will be greatly increased, and hence
the maximum amount of water will be lost.

Our problem is to break up this direct
communication between the lower moist soil
Jayers and the surface. By cultivating the
surface of the soil, we break the ends of the
capillary tubes and thus the rising soil mois-
ture is greatly impeded or held back. How-
ever, a rain soon packs and runs the soil
particles together and the tubes are reestab-
lished. The fact that the soil moisture is
constantly being brought to the surface and
lost is the necessity for repeated cultivation.

Deep cultivation is not necessary. A
very deep mulch is more expensive to make

20

and causes more or less injury to the
roots. By loosening more earth than is
necessary, a waste of moisture takes place,
and the mulch soon becomes quite dry. A
very shallow mulch allows of the reestablish-
ing of the capillary openings quite quickly,
and so necessitates too frequent cultivation
of the surface.

A mulch three to four inches deep, renewed
every six to ten days, is the cheapest to
maintain and the most satisfactory from
every standpoint. Make it with a fine tooth
cultivator, and avoid ridging, for ridged
cultivation exposes more earth to evapora-
tion. Whenever a crust forms, it must be
broken, and in excessively dry seasonsit will
sometimes pay to use a one-horse scratch
cultivator after the corn is laid by. As
the season advances cultivation can be less
frequent and more shallow. In the closely
cultivated garden the wheel hoe is the tool to
use. It saves its cost in water taxes in
suburban districts.

WHAT FALL PLOWING DOES

Ground that is plowed in the fall holds
a great amount of water from the fall rains and
winter snows. Plowing should not be done
until the soil will turn up mellow and loose,
and then this turned and loosened surface is
an ideal mulch, acting like a blanket, retard-
ing and preventing the evaporation of the
water that it has also been instrumental in
getting into the soil. Fall plowing may affect
the soil moisture as late as the middle of May
even, and as compared with unplowed land
may hold moisture equal to 1.15 inches of
rainfall, or, in other words, in the first four
feet of soil there will be six pounds of moisture
per cubic foot which would otherwise have
been lost.

——

Forty-seven days’ growth of cowpeas in an une
favorable season; the reward of tillage

is used for shingles and fuel

The drooping beefwood (Casuarina equisetifolia) has pendant branches. The wood Totally different in habit is the upright beefwood (C. stricta); it looKs like a

pine tree

A Fast-Growing Evergreen Tree for Arid Regions—By E. Braunton, si:

THE ASTONISHING “ BEEFWOOD” OR “‘SHE OAK”

WHICH THRIVES WITHOUT IRRIGATION IN THE

DRIEST AND POOREST SOILS (EVEN IN ALKALI) AND HAS ATTAINED AN EXTREME HEIGHT OF 150 FEET

PAL THOUGH not such fast growers as
many representatives of the eucalypts,
the beefwoods or she oaks (Casuarina) will
stand more drought than any of the eucalypts
and will stand the still more severe test of
growing very near the sea. I have seen them
thrive in the mist and spray of the ocean, yet
have never known one failing to make a sat-
isfactory season’s growth in the poorest and
driest soil. They will grow even on brack-
ish or alkaline soils.

Wherever they have been planted in Cali-
fornia or the Southern United States, these
trees have proven a decided success, but as
yet few people appreciate them. The chief
difficulty in planting any species of beef-
wood is that of getting staminate trees, for
as yet no one has been able to distinguish
the staminate from the pistillate tree while
the plants are still young. The pistillate,
or cone-bearing trees are nearly always
weighted down with unsightly old cones of
the previous year, so that the trees are any-
thing but ornamental.

I can see no reason, however, why nur-
serymen cannot supply staminate trees,
because the plants can be grown from cut-
tings. If planters could have some assurance

of getting only the staminate trees, the beef-
wood would certainly grow in favor

None of the beefwoods have leaves; the
branches are long, slender and _ jointed,
reminding one very much of the horse-tail
or scouring rush (Equisetum). The most
ornamental beefwood which has had a fair
trial here in California is C. stricta. It has
upright branchlets, and in general appear-
ance much resembles some of the cypresses,
ora Short leaved pine. I know of one avenue
bordered with C. stricta which was planted
some twenty years ago; the trees are all
about fifty feet high and the staminate and
pistillate kinds are about equally presented.
The staminate are fine, clean, spreading trees,
satisfactory in every way, and are unsur-
passed in appearance by any tree grown in
California. The pistillate trees are not
handsome for they are very slender, sparsely
branched, and have many old, unsightly
cones.

Another beefwood grown here is C.
equisetifolia. ‘This is of an entirely different
habit, the branchlets (which usually pass
for leaves) are long and drooping, which
has led some nurserymen and gardeners to
the name exquisitefolia or exquisite-leaved.

2]

It isa very handsome tree and is much taller
than stricta. Thisisthe best known species,
in Southern Florida and California, the wood
being valuable for many purposes.

Its specific name is taken from Equisetum,
the scouring-rush, because the branches may
be pulled to pieces joint by joint, just like
the horse-tail. It is said that Casuarina
was taken from Casuarius, the cassowary,
because the plumage of the bird and the
foliage of the tree are somewhat similar.

The name beefwood comes from the red
color of the wood, which is extremely hard,
rivaling that of walnut and hickory. The
wood of equisetifolia is used for shingles
and fuel; that of stricta for tool handles.

The beefwood is a native of Australia,
where it has been known to attain an ex-
treme height of 150 feet. It would be inter-
esting to know the height of the tallest speci-
mens in cultivation. Plants five to seven
feet high in pots cost only seventy-five cents
each or six dollars a dozen in California.

The beefwood ought to be given a trial
in our Southern states. It is procurable
from Florida nurserymen. It may be hardy
as far north as Savannah on the At-
lantic coast and San Francisco on the Pacific.

Three Bulbs You Should Start in February—By Specialists

SIX INCH TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, THE BEST FLOWERS FOR SHADY BEDS—GLOXINIAS, FOR HOUSE DECORATION IN SUM-
MER WITH THEIR GORGEOUS COLORS AND EXQUISITE THROAT MARKINGS—ACHIMENES, A LOVELY BASKET PLANT

4| Reece of the most showy of all the
summer-fiowering plants that are really
worth while growing can be had in per-
fection if a start is made in February. The
tuberous begonia is the most popular of
these tender summer-flowering, “‘ bulbous
plants,” and is a special favorite for indoor
decoration, for the greenhouse and for out-
door bedding. It is exceptionally valuable
in this last connection, being the most show-
ily colored and the largest flowered plant
for shaded situations.

The other two plants (gloxinia and achi-
menes) are closely related to each other.
The former is a very valuable pot plant for
greenhouse, window garden and porch
decoration, having some of the most superb
colors of any greenhouse plant.

Less known than either of the others but
easily one of the most floriferous of the
summer plant is the achimenes. The sur-
prising fact about this plant is that with its
great ease of cultivation and the long season
over which it may be made to extend (by
beginning to start bulbs in February and
keeping on until April) it is so little known.

The following cultural directions, written
by cultivators who have achieved reputa-
tions with the flowers which they respectively
treat, will enable the amateur to attain some-
thing a little bit out of the ordinary.

Begonias, the Easiest Grown
Davip McInrosH, Newport, R. I.

Fok flowering in pots in the greenhouse
and for planting in beds or borders

outdoors in summer, tuberous begonias
are in many ways superior to geraniums;
their rich, luxuriant foliage and brilliant
flowers surpass the latter without any doubt,
while they are easily grown and give little
trouble in preservation after the summer
is over. Unlike geraniums and many other
plants more extensively used for outdoor
planting, tuberous begonias when given a
suitable situation as regards soil and shade,
go on flowering without any apparent inter-
ruption from the time they show their first
flowers of the season in July until frosty
weather makes it necessary to lift them for
winter protection. They are not costly to be-
gin with, even when the most reliable start is
made by purchasing bulbs instead of seed;
although with seed obtained from a reliable
source there is no reason why success would
not be reasonably certain if attention is paid
to a few essential details. -

Grown in pots in a greenhouse, large
plants and better quality of bloom are had
than when grown outdoors. For pot plants,
the double-flowered kinds are better than
the singles. The singles can, however, be
grown in pots all summer just as -success-
fully as the doubles, and many people have
a decided preference for single flowers.

There are also fringed, crested and mar-
bled, as well as picotee edged, and many
other types of the flower. Some strains carry
their flowers drooping, while in others the
flowers are erect. The colors are mainly red,
or pink, with white and a few pale yellows.

I do not know any plant that will grow

For beds in partially shaded places start tuberous begonias in frames now and plant out later

29

and bloom equally well in sunshine and in
shade; and tuberous begonias will not suc-
ceed as well when planted where they get
the full light of the sun from the rising to the
setting thereof, as they will when planted
where the sun strikes up to ten o’clock in
the morning and not again until three in the
afternoon. Such a situation may be said
to be their ideal for outdoors, together, of
course, with good, rich soil having a liberal
addition of well rotted manure. With those
conditions and plenty of water you can grow
flowers six inches across. The plants like
a rather moist soil and atmosphere; this
makes them particularly well adapted for
planting in slightly sunken beds or borders.

Begonias are pleasing when planted in
various forms of arrangement but perhaps
the most gorgeous effects can be produced
when a large number of one distinct color
is planted in one bed or border. For bright-
ening the borders of shrubberies during
summer, tuberous begonias will be found
to be very satisfactory.

For growing in pots in the greenhouse,
start the bulbs some time in February in
flats or shallow boxes. These flats should
first of all be about half filled with a well
drained soil composed of leaf mold and loam
in equal parts. Over this soil place a quar-
ter of an inch of sand and place the bulbs
on the sand, leaving a little space between
them. Just cover the bulbs—and no more
—with sand. The sand is used underneath
and over the bulbs to prevent rotting. When
growth starts, the roots will readily find
their way through the free soil into the
foundation.

When (with the aid of a gentle bottom
heat) the bulbs have emitted roots and leaves
are showing, they should be put imme-
diately into their flowering pots.

The potting soil must be loose and rich
and composed of good fibrous loam, two
parts, and one of well rotted cow manure,
with ample drainage in the pots. Water
carefully at the roots and although it is not
meant that they will thrive in a dry atmos-
phere, water must be sparingly given on
the foliage. They like leaf moisture but it
should be caused by water on the paths and
other surroundings rather than on the
leaves. Shade the plants from the direct
light of the sun from about ten o’clock in
the morning till three in the afternoon.

Bulbs may also be started in March in a
frame, using the same methods in prelimi-
nary preparations of soil, etc., as for green-
house cultivation, and if the plants are
intended for outdoor planting, there will be
no necessity of potting. Merely harden
off sufficiently and lift them out of the boxes
with as much soil as possible and plant in
the open ground after danger of frost has
passed. The best method for the amateur
is to start the bulbs in a hotbed.

FreBpruaRrRy, 1908

cee

The Gloxinia is the most gorgeous of the tender sum-
mer bulbs. Can be grown in a window

For cut flowers, plant the bulbs in frames
outdoorsin good soil, using no glass sashes for
cover during the summer but having a cover-
ing of laths for protection from the direct
rays of the sun.

Seed of tuberous begonias sown in Feb-
ruary or March will produce plants that
will bloom freely during the summer either
in a greenhouse or in the open ground. Sow
in pans or flats half filled with light soil,
merely pressing down the seed and then
covering the pan with a square of glass and
a piece of paper over that until germination.

Gloxinias, the Most Gorgeous

A.J. Loveess, Lenox, Mass.

AVG grown gloxinias will make the
orchid blush. The individual flowers
are four inches long, the colors ranging from
pure snow white to the deepest blues, pur-
ples and reds, through all the intermediate
shades, with spotted varieties galore. In
a small house, a group of gloxinias relieved
by a few ferns will give the amateur some-
thing for enjoyment of which he can justly
feel proud.

A well grown plant should produce fifty
to sixty flowers. The many beautiful forms
are all good, but the erect growing varieties
are the most desirable.

The easiest way to handle the bulbs is to
place them on a bed of moss, in a shallow
box with sand filled in between the bulbs to
keep them steady. After being watered, the
box is placed in a temperature of 65 degrecs,
and the bulbs will soon make roots. At this
time they must be taken from the box and
potted up permanently, in which operation
a little care will be required so as not to in-
jure the young, tender growths. The bulbs
look very much alike all over, but generally
the hollow part is the top, and if any particu-
lar bulb should appear to be slow in starting,
it should be lifted and examined to assure
one’s self that it is right side up.

The preparation of a proper soil for the
potting is of considerable importance if the
best resultsare wanted. ‘The gloxinia makes
short roots, but such masses that they read-
ily absorb liberal food supplies when the
roots have about filled their alloted spaces.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

A light, porous soil is required, consisting
of one part good garden soil one-half part
sand, one-quarter part leaf mold, or as a sub-
stitute some dead moss chopped fine, and
one-quarter part dry cow manure, rubbed
or broken fine. Mix these well together,
put a liberal amount of drainage in the pot,
and fill it nearly full of the prepared compost
and press lightly. Put in the bulb (which
should by this time be well covered with
fine roots) and press some more soil gently
around it, finishing so that the top of the
bulb just shows through the soil about one
inch below the rim of the pot. Should the
soil be dry, water it, of course, but be careful
not to overdo, as the slightest excess of mois-
ture will result in rotting the bulb. It may
be several days before more water is required.
Once a vigorous top growth starts up, water
can be given freely as often as may be re-
quired. Large leaves are soon develcped
and thema little liquid manure will add to
the luxuriance of the foliage and assist in
the formation of flower buds.

At this stage give water as often as the
soil becomes dry, but never allow it to be-
come so dry that the plant will wilt, for that
destroys all your chances of getting a long
succession of bloom. Never allow any
water to get on the foliage, for it causes a
discoloration and destroys its beauty. If
systematically fed with manure once a week,
the foliage should entirely cover the pot, and
the whole plant can be used with good effect
indoors for table decoration and in many
other ways.

When the floral glory has departed, place
the pots in a sunny position, withhold water,
and let the plants gradually die down, when
they should be stored in a dry warm place
until required for the next season’s display.

23

The double tuberous begonias are best for pot culture.
There are many types: buy the best

Provided a temperature of 65 degrees can
be maintained, the bulbs can be started at
any time from February onward, but gener-
ally speaking, the middle of March is the
most favorable time. It takes a much longer
time to bring the early started bulbs into
bloom than those started later which grow
under more natural conditions; but these
require constant shading from the bright
sunshine.

They can be raised from seed, exactly
like begonias.

Achimenes, the Best Basket Plant
G. H. Hate, Seabright, N. J.
AM an enthusiast about the achimenes.

To my notion it is indispensable for
summer decoration in the house, or on the

_ The most handsome basket plants are Achimenes; can be had in flower for eight months

24

porch, or in the greenhouse, blooming con-
tinuously for weeks. As a basket plant
there is none to equal it. The flowers are
blue, amethyst, white, or mixtures of these,
and are produced in profusion. Individually
they are flat, saucer like, three inches across
witha very short throat. The plants are
good for house decoration either as single
specimens or for banking on mantels or
in open fireplaces, etc., keepingin good con-
dition in the house for a month or more, if
kept well watered. Achimenes can be had
in bloom six to eight months, from April on,
by starting tubers in succession from ayy
February to the end of April.

The tubers are most easily started i in flats
or pans covered only a half inch with” ‘soil,
and grown on in a warm greenhouse (a tem-
perature of 60 degrees at night).

The bést soil is a mixture of light, ay
soil, leaf mold and a liberal supply of well de-
composed cow or sheep manure and enough
of sharp sand to keep the soil quite porous.
Do not press it down tightly.

Give plenty of water and light, but shade
from bright sun. After the plants are two
inches high, they may be transferred to their
blooming receptacles. The points of the
shoots are pinched out to induce breaking
below. Water should be given at all times
when growing and flowering; therefore, good
drainage and a free soil are essential. Pots
should be drained one-third their depth.
Staking will hardly be needed if air is given
in sufficient quantities to keep growth sturdy.

For hanging specimens get some 12-inch
wire or orchid baskets and line them with
moss, or other coarse material that will keep
the soil in the basket until the plants have
taken possession of the soil. Put the plants
into a light soil and about two inches apart
on the surface and on the four sides of the
basket. Red spider and thrips will trouble.
Spray overhead in fair weather for the for-
mer; fumigate lightly to keep down thrips.
Do this when the foliage is dry or it will burn.
Give weak manure water twice a week when
the plants commence to: flower.

After flowering, the plants may be put
under light, airy benches outdoors in frames,
etc., if the temperature is 50 degrees or over.
Many growers make a mistake by not giving
water enough at this time. I find they want
lots of water for some time after the flowering
period, and in fact, they must not be allowed
to dry up until very late in the falb, as the
tubers continue to grow long after the foli-
age is gone. If dried off too soon, small
bulbs will be the result and these become
still smaller the following year and so on,
until there is nothing left. When thoroughly
ripened, place the pots on their sides in
a rose house temperature (50 degrees and
dry).

Achimenes can be struck from cuttings
easily by taking two inches of the tops when
the plants are several inches high. They
will root from any part of the stem, and also
from the leaf stem. They can be raised
easily from seed and scales and cones, the
latter being carefully rubbed off and sowed
in pans like seed.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The following are among the best vari-
eties for pot or basket work: Admiration,
deep rose, white throat spotted with carmine;
Ambrose Verschaffelt, white, dark centre;
Hybrida, deep mauve; Mauve Queen, large,
mauve, brown eye; Dazzle, flowers small,
brilliant scarlet, pale yellow eye, very pretty
and free; Gibsonii, flowers very large, clear
mauve; Grandiflora, rose; Eclipse, rich
orange-scarlet spotted’ with carmine, ex-
tremely -floriferous with a good habit;
Longiflora, flowers large, blue; Rose Queen,
flowers rose; Grandis, flowers deep violet,
yellow eye; Madame A. Verschaffelt, a very
attractive variety, large flowers pure white
ground, heavily veined with purple. Admir-
ation and Hybrida are the best for baskets.

ENEMIES
Weevils and Wireworms in Seeds

Bees and peas are frequently destroyed

in the spring by the seed corn maggot.
The seeds germinate but the young plants
look pinched and rusty, stop growing and
the growing point dries up, and dies. Close
examination shows that the cotyledons have
been punctured and are wormy, and the stem,
just above the roots, is also punctured, and
sometimes entirely eaten off. This is the
work of the seed corn maggot (Pegomya
jusciceps), which, because it has recently
become quite a pest within beans, is com-
monly called the bean fly. The fly is also
f-und in seeds of cabbage, turnip, radish,
onion, beet and in seed potatoes...’

Occasionally, wireworms do: injury to
sprouting beans and peas, especially if they
are planted in ground that has recently
been in grasses or corn. As the maggots
work under ground, direct applications of
insecticides are expensive and unsatisfactory.
Prevention is better than remedy. A very
common method is to put a thin layer of
sand which has been soaked with kerosene
(one cupful to a pailful of sand) about the
base of the plants. This will prevent the
parent, which is a fly, from laying her eggs
in the plant and will also kill any maggots.
A carbolized form of kerosene emulsi i
also very effective. To make: ‘

Dissolve one-half pound of soap (
oil soap is best) in a gallon of boiling water.
When the soap is dissolved, remove the kettle
some distance from the fire and add two
gallons of kerosene and two quarts of crude
carbolic acid. Thoroughly mix the whole;
the easiest way to do this is by means of a
force pump. Before applying to the plants,
dilute from thirty-five to fifty times.

”

FEBRUARY, 1908

Peas all Summer in Colorado

HILE the North and East are still in
the grasp of winter we in Colorado
are busy preparing our gardens.

The first of February, the soil that in No-
vember or December was turned over with
a plow is again turned and after being raked
smooth is ready for planting, and an early
planting of peas is made, the smooth
varieties are used (such as the Alaska,
Scorcher, First and Best, American Wonder,
and Bliss Everbearing). ‘These varieties
are planted at the same time, and Alaska
is the first ready for use; Scorcher comes
next. The former is the best early all-pur-
pose pea, but the pods of the Scorcher are
larger, yielding a trifle more peas, and of
finer flavor.

For succession plant these varieties at
intervals of ten days until the midde of
March, after which sow wrinkled varieties
as they yield better during July and August.

I make the rows six inches wide with a
hoe or small shovel plow and sow the peas
in the furrow, as nearly as possible one inch
apart, thus making a broad row. The vines,
being thus close together, support each other
until a short time before picking and thus
save the labor of staking or tying up.

I leave a space of about eighteen inches
between the rows and can thus cultivate
with a horse if necessary. Stirring the ground
twice is sufficient to keep the weeds down
until after the vines are pulled; the soil never
becomes hard if the ground is thoroughly
disintegrated during the winter.

The first of March I plant MHorsford
Market Garden (one of the best wrinkled
varieties) which is ready for use as soon as
the earlier kinds, planted March 15th, are
gone. By the r5th of the month, Marrow-
fat, Dwarf Telephone, and Stratagem may
be planted. ‘These varieties are later than
the Horsford and by planting them at the
same time, they will be ready for use as soon
as the Horsfords are gone.

These late varieties, especially the Hors-
ford, may be planted all summer at inter-
vals of ten days and will produce good crops
until the late fall frosts. Lightly cover all
summer plantings but draw the dirt up to
the vines as soon as they come up so that
they may withstand the hot weather.

I never irrigate my early peas until a few
days before they are ready for use, as water
applied during the vine-growing period de-
lays maturity.

Colorado.

Lro G. Mann.

Fepruary. 1908

Three Rare Barberries for
Connoisseurs

ERHAPS the best collection of bar-
berries in this country is that at High-
land Park, Rochester, N. Y., which is in
charge of Mr. John Dunbar. This famous
park is really a fruticetum, or shrubbery
collection, combined with a pinetum, or
collection of conifers, both of which are
arranged in botanical sequence and are as
nearly as possible complete for that climate.
A great number of barberries have recently
been sent out by German and other nursery-
men, andaboutthirty have been raised to fruit-
ing size at Highland Park. They all belong
to the deciduous section and are mostly red-
berried. Nothing of a sensational character
has developed. It is not likely that any of
these will displace the common and Jap-
anese barberries (Berberis vulgaris and
Thunbergi) as popular favorites, but a num-
ber of these are of interest to lovers of rare
plants, as each one of them possesses some
beautiful feature that is not present in the
barberries that are to be seen everywhere.
Unfortunately, this group is badly in need
of revision by some such student as Mr.
Alfred Rehder, and the names are much
confused. For instance, there are two
different plants in the botanical gardens of
this country labelled Berberis Cretica, both
of which have come from a famous nursery-
man near Berlin and neither of which answers
to the description. . However, the plant cul-
tivated at Rochester is interesting as fruiting
even more freely than the common barberry.
It is also evident that the plant sent to
Highland Park under the name of Berberis

E

Berberts Cretica is well worth growing because it produces more berries than the

common barberry does

THE GARDEN

Asiatica is not true
to name, but it is a
noble bush attaining
a height of ten feet,
and though it fruits
less freely than the
common barberry,
the bush is of such
stately proportions
that it deserves to be
known by discrim-
inating amateurs.
So far as we know
these plants can be
secured only by
importation. Any
American nursery-
man who has them
will confer a favor
by informing THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE.

The yellow-fruited
barberry is proba-
bly now available in
the form of plants grown by the Ameri-
can nurserymen. Although the berries
are fewer and smaller than those of the
common barberry and do not retain their
color until the end of winter, they are
nevertheless of great interest, and lovers of
rare plants would do well to have a few
specimens of this variety (Berberis vulgaris,
var. Jutea) in order to give a spice of the
unexpected to the shrubbery border.

Conn. W. E. PENDLETON.

How to Keep Cut Flowers

pA THOUGH the methods for keeping
cut flowers tested and selected by
the Garden Club of Philadelphia in its
recent competition (see THE GARDEN MaGa-
ZINE for September, 1906) are without
doubt the best general rules than can be
given, yet experience has proved that some
flowers require different treatment from
others. Violets which fade quickly with the
usual care will keep fresh several days if
they are excluded from the air and kept in a
cool place at night. They should be put
loosely into a bowl of fresh water, then
covered with another bow] large enough to fit
tight to the rim, or to the table on which the

MAGAZINE

i)
nN

Berberis Astatica as grown in Highland Park, Rochester, attains a height of ten feet:
and makes a well-proportioned shrub, but has less fruit than the common barberry

receptacle stands, and left in a cool or even
coldroom. During the daytime they should
stand in the coolest part of the room and not
in a draft.

When flowers are to be in a warm room,
it is a good plan to put a pinch of salt into
the water. One lover of cacti whom I know
gives away quantities of the cut blossoms, but
always with the injunction to put a pinch of
salt into the water that they are to be placed in.

Galax leaves may be kept an indefinite
length of time if they are occasionally
immersed in cold water. Just as soon as a
leaf seems to be fading, put the whole leaf
and stem into cold water and let it remain
four or five hours. Then take out and it
will not only look as fresh as if just picked,
but will last some time without having the
stem in water before it is immersed again.
This characteristic makes galax leaves espe-
cially suitable for wreaths or ropes for decora-
tion, for the entire wreath or rope may be
freshened at any time by simply immersing
it in cold water...

Holly berries turn black quickly when used
in the usual way for decorating but will con-
tinue bright and fresh several weeks if the
bark is peeled from the lower stem and the
peeled part put into water. Doubtless other

Berberis vulgaris var. lutea is a yellow fruited form of the common barberry.
It has less fruit than the type but is worth growing for variety

26

berries or flowers with woody stems would
keep better if treated in this manner, though
barberries, which have a softer stem retain
their beauty many weeks when they are put
into water and cared for according to the
general rules for flowers.

Flowers with very porous stems — like
asters — will last longer if a small piece of
charcoal is added to the water.

There are many ways advised for reviving
withered flowers. For instance, plunging
the stems of withered roses into boiling hot
water, then into cold, but as the results are
not invariably satisfactory, it is hardly safe
to recommend them. However, if one is
fond of experimenting, it will be found
interesting to observe how heliotrope that is
fading will sometimes revive immediately
if a drop of camphor is added to the water
in which it stands.

Various conditions also call for various
sorts of treatment. Flowers that are to be
worn will retain their freshness longer if
they are kept close to the ice in a refrigerator
for at least four hours before using, and much
experience has shown convincingly that
flowers that are to be transported any dis-
tance, by hand, mail or express, should be
left in a large receptacle of water over night,
or until the stems are thoroughly saturated.

Connecticut. PENELOPE Kay.

Profit

Wyse cabbage is easily grown on
any land that will grow corn, and
often cabbage plants are set in open spaces
where the corn plants have died, I do not
recall a single instance when I was successful
in producing a crop of ‘‘market-topping”
quality or of maximum yield, where any-
thing less than thorough culture, and liberal
fertilization was given and I have grown
hundreds of acres of cabbage for the car-
load trade on various soils under different
climatic conditions, and fertilized with all
sorts of manurial substances.

While the selection of soil is important,
it should be noted that cabbage can be grown
successfully on a wider range of soil than
almost any other vegetable. Soils running
from a light loam through all the various
types (including muck and silt), to heavy,
impervious clay will profitably grow cabbage
if properly cared for. One of the ideal soils
for the late or main cabbage crop is a clay
loam slightly inclined to sand or gravel.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The best results that I have had, either
early or late, have been on such a soil.
Although a large amount of moisture is
required to produce a marketable crop of
heads, still any land that is soggy or sour
must be avoided. The experienced grower
for market employs only fields that are well
drained.

The best variety to grow will depend largely
upon the market in which the cropistobesold.
The Danish Ballhead is the ideal variety
to grow for shipping! purposes and for long
keeping. By long keeping I mean a head
that will come out of storage in perfect con-
dition up to the time that early cabbage
from the South comes in. There are a
number of excellent varieties for fall and
winter use that are also long keepers, and
such varieties will continue to be grown in
a limited way. The Drumhead and the
Flat Dutch are profitable standard varieties,
always in demand. I believe, however,
that the Ballhead will eventually supersede
the other existing varieties as the commercial
long keeper and shipper. As with the older
varieties, the seedsmen now offer a num-
ber of different selections in so-called
(3 types. ”

Such a small amount of seed is required to
supply cabbage plants for an acre of land
that the difference of price between the very
best and the average is of no material con-
sequence, and the grower should procure
the very best stock even at double the
price.

The germinating vitality of the seed should
be a known quantity long before planting
time, so as to provide for seed that will not
grow. With most vegetable seed, the matter
of freshness or age is of considerable moment;
this does not hold good with cabbage, ‘Test
germination by placing a known number
of seeds between a couple of moist blotters
or layers of cotton, and note the percentage
of seeds sprouting.

The time for planting the seed will depend
upon latitude, care being taken not to sow
too long before the plants are to be set.
Plants that remain in the plant bed many
days after they are three or four inches high
are likely to become spindling. A large
plant is harder to lift from the bed, is un-
wieldy to handle, is harder to protect in
handling, is less resistant to the shock of
transplanting. I prefer a plant three to
five inches high.

Sow the seed thinly in drills a foot or more
apart, so that the plants may be readily
cultivated with the wheel hoe, and this
should be done often to maintain a contin-
uous, rapid growth. A seed-bed should be
moderately well fertilized but not over-rich,
as excessive fertility will produce plants that
are too tender and delicately succulent.
Artificial watering may be given in the first
stages of growth, but cease a few days before
transplanting to the field so as to harden the
fibres.

Plants for early cabbage may be grown
by starting the seed in a warm room in the
house and exposing to the outside air as
temperature permits, and transplanting to
larger trays as size increases. R. W. M.

FEBRUARY, 1908

Cut Some Twigs for Your Win-
dowsill Before March ist

you can transform the dullest period
of the year into one of the most inter-
esting by forcing twigs of fruit trees and
flowering shrubs in the home window so that
they will bloom a month or more earlier
than they would outdoors. Nothing could
be simpler. Cut them a foot or two long
and put them in vases. Change the water

every two or three days, or better still, put

Flowers of the red maple, the earliest maple to
bloom in the spring

a piece of charcoal in the water and you
need not change it so often. Keep the twigs
free from dust by dipping them once a week
into a pan of cool water. The twigs will
look better if you have only one kind in a
vase, and you can get still lovelier effects by
cutting off large branches and putting them
in jars of water in the attic near a sunny

- window, provided there is no danger of their

freezing. Red maple and “pussy” willow
are very easily forced. Of the cultivated
shrubs, the favorites are forsythia, flowering
almond and Japan quince.

Flowers of the “pussy” willow forced in a home
windowsill while snow lies outside

Frpruary, 1908

A Reason for Poultry Failures

LTHOUGH some of the most remark-

able successes in the poultry business

have been on Long Island it is also probably

true that there have been more failures there

than in any other place of the same size in
the world.

You can go to almost any town on the
island and the old resident wil] tell you about,
and frequently show you, the ruins of a
$10,000 plant that went to the wall in spite
of the enormous demand for poultry products
in the New York market. In most cases
these failures were caused by over-ambitious
persons who undertook to manage large
plants before they knew how to properly
care for an ordinary barnyard flock.

In many cases, they spent a large part of
their capital in building expensive houses
and buying stock, only to find that the
houses were not constructed to suit the
climate and that the poultry was not of the
right breed to meet the market conditions.
Then more money is spent for incubators
and brooders, in the management of which
they have had little or no practical experience.
Thousands of eggs are spoiled, hundreds of
chicks die, and the first year shows a heavy
loss. If the ambition to “get rich quick on
poultry” is not sufficiently subdued by this
time, another season will probably see the
business closed down at a much heavier loss
than it would have been after the first year.

The only men who are making money by
raising poultry for the New York market are
those who have given at least several years
of careful study to the business by keeping
a flock of not more than two hundred birds
for pleasure or by working on poultry farms
owned by other successful poultrymen who
understand the climatic and market con-
ditions of the locality, in addition to thorough
knowledge of breeding, medical treatment,
feeding economy, etc.

Those who have not had _ professional
poultry training should at least take the pre-
caution of keeping for one year a balance
sheet that would show every expenditure and
income including their own labor figured at
local labor rates. Then let the business ex-
pand as rapidly as balance sheet profits
watrant.

There are plenty of poultry farms in the
West on which experience and knowledge
can be gained as well as it could be near
New York. But it undoubtedly would prove
a great advantage to spend at least one winter
on one of the local farms to learn the methods

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of feeding housing, etc., in this climate, if it is
intended to locate in the vicinity of New York.
New York. Otis BARNUM.

Buying vs. Raising the Poultry
Food

Ge crops cannot be profitably grown
in the Eastern states for feeding poultry.
First, because the land is too high priced
and too valuable for something else; second,
because cost of raising grain crops is too high.
This is not a grain country, and what little
grain is grown is produced almost entirely
by hand labor. We cannot compete with
the West and other parts of the country where
grain is produced on a large scale, and by
means of machinery, from start to finish.
Where several acres are available corn
might be grown on one to two acres, because
that will yield more grain; the stalks make
good fodder, and, chopped into short lengths,
will do for scratching material. Besides,
there is more or less handwork about raising
and harvesting corn any way. Then, by
planting this corn early, you might get it
off the land in time to sow the stubble to
wheat. This is an excellent grain for hens,
and if it is not convenient to have it threshed
it could be fed to the hens in the bundle,
letting them do their own threshing, and
have the straw for litter. On another acre
grow oats, and feed them in the bundle also,
if desired, though the straw makes poor
litter. An acre could be used to good ad-
vantage in growing clover, mangels, rape,
millet, and some other crops for green stuff,
sowing a variety for succession. I would
plant an acre each to potatoes and cabbages
instead of growing grains. The small
potatoes make excellent feed for the hens
when cooked and mixed with ground grains,
and all the small, soft, and immature heads
of cabbage can be fed to good advantage.
The marketable potatoes and cabbages at
present and usual prices would buy more
grain than could be grown on ten acres.
New Jersey. 1%, lak, We

How to Make Hens Lay

T IS a mistaken idea to expect eggs if
proper care is not given the hens.
Any person thinking he will get eggs in
winter by giving a couple of corn feedings
a day will be very much disappointed. Feed
only the best materials, avoid tainted meat
and sloppy food, and always give plenty
of grit, charcoal and oyster shells for the
hens to pick at.

Last spring, I hatched out fifty-three chicks,
all prue bred. They were Single Comb White
Orpingtons, Barred Plymouth Rocks and
Buff Cochins. My pet choice was the
Orpingtons, so I disposed of the other breeds.
These Orpingtons were hatched the 23rd
day of April, 1906, and the first one com-
menced to lay the first week in October.
I sold all but eleven pullets, three cockerels,
and one cock. f only let one cockerel or
the cock run with them at once, keeping the
others penned up. I only commenced to
keep a record since January 1st, 1907, but

27

they averaged about the same during the
previous month. During January, from the
1st to 31st, these pullets laid fourteen and one-
half dozen eggs, which I think is very good.

I feed a hot mash in the morning consist-
ing of one-third bran, two-thirds crushed
corn and crushed oats. To this is added
one-sixth part of clover. These ingredients
are mixed thoroughly together in a dry
state, afterwards adding boiling water so as
to make a ball, still keeping the food in a
dry state so that when squeezed in the hand,
it is not sticky but readily crumbles when
dropped on the ground in the shed.

Their midday meal consists of an even
mixture of wheat, buckwheat, oats, sunflower
seeds, barley, and Kaffir corn. This is
thrown amongst short litter sweepings from
the hay loft, and at night, before going to
roost, they are fed all the whole corn they
care to eat. I also feed them fresh meat
scraps, ground through the mincer, every
other day, at the same time grinding some stale
bread crusts. After mincing a few handfuls
of bran, using bran in proportion to meat, I
find the bran acts as a separator for the meat
and after thoroughly mixing the meat will
resemble pills about as large as a string bean.
I also suspend two cabbage heads every week
for them to peck at. During very severe
weather the drinking water is warmed. It

The single comb White Orpington averages halfa
pound more than the heavy American breeds, and
equals them as a layer; but they are white skinned

is surprising how much water they will drink
when the chill is taken off.

The house is open to all weathers and over
the door, which faces southeast, are two
holes about six inches square for ventilation.
These are never covered up even when the
temperature is below zero. The house is
8 x 8 ft. and nine feet high in the front and
seven in the back. The hens have a large
open shed facing southeast, in which to
exercise, and in fair weather they have free
range.

New Jersey. Cuas. H. RICcE.

28

FARM AND GARDEN NEWS

Philip J. Hauswirth, secretary of the Soci-
ety of American Florists, died in Chicago on
December 4th. The duties of his cffice were
undertaken by Willis N. Rudd of that city.

Anyone who desires to know whether he
could profitably engage in market gardening
should send to the Pennsylvania Department
of Agriculture at Harrisburg, Pa., for a recent-
ly issued bulletin on “marketing ” by Profes-
sor R. L. Watts. Itis the best new round-up
of the subject available for free distribution.

Everybody ought to join the National
Mosquito Extermination Society and get
its literature, which will tell just how to ex-
terminate mosquitoes in your locality. The
dues are two dollars a year, and the publi-
cations of the society alone are worth this.
The secretary is Henry Clay Weeks, of Bay-
side, L. I.

Two notable botanists died toward the
end of the year just closed. Professor L.
M. Underwood of Columbia University and
chairman of the board of managers of the
New York Botanical Garden died early in
December, and G. E. Davenport of Massa-
chusets, followed within a couple of weeks.
Thus our two most prominent authorities
on ferns disappear almost simultaneously.

Everybody who has been in the habit of
taking street sweepings for fertilizing the
garden is warned not to take them from a
street which has been sprinkled with petro-
leum in order to keep down the dust, as it is
quite certain that sweepings mixed with
oil will be harmful to any kind of vegetation.
It takes only a light sprinkling of oil to kill
weeds—in fact, petroleum products are
often sold for weed killers.

The subtle diseases of the peony that
baffle most cultivators of that charming flower
are being investigated by the American
Peony Society in conjunction with the New
York State College of Agriculture. Any-
one having diseased specimens during the
coming season should send the diseased plants
(transportation prepaid) to H. H. Whetzel,
at Ithaca, N. Y. Whatever is sent should
be carefully wrapped in a close box, which
insures safety in carriage.

The earliest show of brilliant redautumnal
foliage comes from the Tartarian maple,
which turns a vivid scarlet in late September
or nearly a month before the red maple. It
is brighter than the red maple and surer to
color well. It precedes even the flowering
dogwood and the pepperidge. It is worth
planting about northern camps and summer
homes which must be left before the big show
of autumn color begins, and it is probably the
best substitute for Japan maples in regions
where the later are not hardy. The tree
here recommended is not Acer Tataricum
but the plant known to nurserymen as A.
Tataricum var. gmmnala. Its correct name
is A. ginnala.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The best method of destroying the cotton
boll weevil is the destruction of the stalks
in the early fall. It is far cheaper than hand
picking in the spring. ‘This is the matured
opinion of the agricultural experts.

Seed trade reports seem to point to a short-
age of first quality seed potatoes at this time.
The yields last season were not only below
the average, but the keeping quality was
not of the best. Vegetable seeds generally
are good quality, with the exception, perhaps,
of tomato seed in large quantities.

Anyone who can give us a really good
red-flowered rose of Sharon or althea
(Hibiscus Syriacus) ought to make a small
fortune. All the reds we know turn a
miserable purple and are as formless as a
wad of rags. The most chaste and satis-
factory variety is the single white.

Do the farmers read the publications of
the Department of Agriculture? Well!
There are 16,000,000 pieces of farm pub-
lications distributed from the Government
offices during a year. Six and one-half
millions of these (almost, are farmers’ bulle-
tins. The public is willing to pay $10,885.20

for them.

Before buying Douglas fir (or Douglas
spruce) be sure to ask your nurseryman
whether his plants were raised from seed
collected in Colorado or the Pacific Coast,
because only the former are hardy. ‘This
beautiful conifer was first introduced into
cultivation from the Pacific Coast and the
Coast form is tolerably hardy in Europe,
but not in America. Many American
nurserymen import young Douglas firs
from Europe instead of raising them from
seed. Hence this precaution.

Some French scientists who have been
making some exact observations on prolong-
ing the life of cut flowers found that as a mat-
ter of fact all the commonly advised sub-
stances, such as salt, charcoal, camphor, etc.,
are valueless because while they may prevent
putrefaction, the flowers fade more quickly
than when placed in pure water. ‘They
found that weak solutions—a ten-thousandth
or less—of these substances are better:.
Lime, potash, saltpetre, kainit, sulphate and
phosphate of potash, phosphate of ammonia
and potassium chloride; also chloral, sugar
and glycerine from 1 to 10 per cent.

As showing what even a nut tree is cap-
able of yielding as an investment, just ponder
over these figures from Raleigh, N. C. The
tree (a pecan) is about thirty-five years old;
it commenced to bear when about twelve
years old, and has since: borne a crop every
year. In the fall of 1905, the crop equaled
300 pounds; in 1907 it amounted to more
than 400 pounds. Estimating the selling
price at twenty-five cents a pound, 4co
pounds would bring $100, which may be
reckoned as 10 per cent. on $1,000, or 5 per
cent. on $2,000. A tree resembling this one
is a valuable asset to any man.

FEBRUARY, 1908

If you want a sight to stir your blood ‘in
February plant some of the giant pussy
willows, Salix multinervis. The pussies

are about three times the size of the common

wild pussies or those of the Kilmarneck
willow.
ing shrub about six feet high and ten feet
in diameter.

The New England Dahlia Society is ,

showing remarkable life, and is doing much
to stimulate interest in the dahlia. It has
members all over the world and publishes
an entertaining and instructive little monthly
leaflet called Dahlia News. The secretary
of the society is Maurice Fuld, whose address
is No. 5 Union Street, Boston, Mass.

The export bulb industry of Japan has
attained enormous dimensions. ‘The largest
cargo of lily bulbs ever shipped came to
Vancouver, B. C., during last fall. The
shipment comprised 4,699 cases, or about
thirty tons measurement, 40 cubic feet to the
ton. The bulbs numbered over 1,057,000;
they were principally Lilium longiflorum.

Many people who plant a hedge of arbor-
vitae are disappointed with its winter color
which is dull and lifeless. The Siberian
arborvitae is a darker and livelier green in
winter, and more compact. It costs more
because it is slower growing. An American
arborvitae would grow thirty feet high
while the Siberian is attaining twenty feet —

its maximum.
oC

If you have the courage of your convic-
tions you can restore that ragged arbor-
vitae hedge of yours to density and sym-
metry by cutting it back severely A ten-
foot arborvitae hedge that is bare at the
base can be cut back to five feet and new
branches will come right out of the hard old
wood. Is there any other evergreen hedge
of which you can say this?

The Japanese redbud (Cercis Japonica)
is generally recommended by nurserymen
in preference to our native species, because
it makes a more compact and bushy growth.
Cercis Canadensis is rather scraggy. Also-
the flowers of the Japanese species are a
brighter, redder pink. But the flower buds.
of the Jap are sometimes winter-killed.
The redbud should be planted in the early
spring, never in the fall.

The Japanese dogwood (Cornus Kousa)
is very floriferous on Long Island and makes.
a fine show in autumn with its scarlet fruits,
which are about the size of a strawberry.
Its flower is even more graceful than our
native species, because the petals (or rather

bracts) are pointed, instead of notched, '

giving the flower a starry effect. Moreover,

the flowers have a better background.
Everybody who owns a bit of woods where
the flowering dogwood is native ought to
graft over a few of them with the Japanese
species, which blooms a fortnight later and
will thus extend the season of dogwood
bloom considerably.

Salix multinervis makes a sprawl-~

From Concrete Construction

FEBRUARY, 1908

TRIS) GRURIDIDINY NILA GNA TN See al re

information about real estate

For Farm
For Factory
For Home

About the Home andon

= Construction

From “ Concrete Construction
About the Home andon

Concrete |

is the
best

IT IS ECONOMICAL, DURABLE, FIREPROOF AND SANITARY,
NEEDS NO PAINT OR REPAIRS, IS WARMER IN WINTER,
COOLER IN SUMMER THAN ANY OTHER CONSTRUCTION
AND IS ADAPTABLE TO ANY STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE

For the benefit of those who desire to make lasting improvements about the FARM,
FACTORY, or HOME, and as a guide to those contemplating new construction, we

have published the following books:
For the Suburbanite and Farmer,

‘‘ Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm ”’
a book containing directions for making and handling concrete, also many specifica-
tions, sectiona] drawings, and photographs of the smaller constructions that can be

built by the layman without skilled labor.
Paper bound copies, free upon request.

For the Manufacturer and Merchant,

‘Cloth bound copies, z25c. each.

‘‘ Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction ”’
a book containing besides several general chapters on concrete, concrete aggregates,
methods and material for reinforcing—ten chapters giving detailed descriptions of ten
concrete factories and warehouses erected in various parts of the country by different
systems, with photographs and sectional drawings, and specifications furnished by the

engineers in charge of the work.

This book, profusely illustrated (250 pages, size 634 x9), pamphlet bound, sent free
upon request to Architects, Engineers and Manufacturers who contemplate building.
Cloth bound copies, soc. each

Fer the Mechanic and Artisan,

“Concrete Cottages ’’
a sixteen page pamphlet showing photographs, floor plans and specifications for small
concrete houses ranging in cost from $1,500.00 to $4,000.00.
Copies sent free upon request.

For the Housebuilder and Investor,

‘Concrete Country Residences ”’

a book containing photographs and floor plans of over 150 Concrete Houses, ranging in
price from $2,000 to $200,000. The houses notonly show a large variety of design, but
are of several different systems of concrete construction. These are not imaginary
sketches, but houses already built and designed by the best architects in the country.
Copies (168 pages, size 10 x 12), will be sent express prepaid upon receipt of $1.00.

The Atlas Portland Cement Co.,

Inquiry
Dept.

30 Broad St., New York

“BIGGERBLOOM”

CARNATION

Larger, quicker maturing blooms
are possible where “ Biggerbloom”’
Carnation Supports are used. The
young plants are relieved of the
growing strain, thus aiding blossom
development.

“Biggerbloom”’ Carnation Supports
are the result of many years’ practi-
cal experience to produce a support
light in structure, firm in support,
strong enough to last many years,
and at a price that makes their use
a great economy and easy invest-
ment.

Thousands are in constant use in
every part of the country, both by

SUPPORTS

practical florists in the largest con-
servatories and by the amateur
greenhouse man.

“Biggerbloom”’ Carnation Supports
are made to come apart and be
packed in very small space—may be
had in three sizes: Model E, onering,
Model I, two rings, Model V, three
rings.

Once use ‘‘Biggerbloom”’ and you
will always use them.

We manufacture “Biggerbloom’’
Supports for all plant life.

Send for illustrated catalog and
price list.

PARKER-BRUEN MFG. CO., St. James Building, New York

KAISERIN

Erected for Mr. Henry Setzer in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, Conn.

THE SERVICES OF OUR ART DEPART-
MENT ARE AT YOUR DISPOSAL AND WE
WILL BE PLEASED TO SUBMIT WITHOUT
CHARGE SPECIAL DESIGNS OF APPRO-
PRIATE MEMORIALS FOR CHURCH AND
CHV SRY hOR, YOUR “APPROVAL

Lie SpE wAN DD COM PANY

FORMERLY

IU IB 1G IN| ID eg le a al GO)

S57 FIFTH AVENUE, N EW YORK

Granite Works: Seige { PIETRASANTA, ITALY
BARRE, VERMONT * | LONG ISLAND CITY

SEND FOR BOOKLET

JEANNE CHARMET »
SCHWAN
BORE WHITE

RAWSONS

“ANTELOPE
: a a

GLORY

collection of

SIX NEW GIANT

DAHLIAS
$300

Delivered free to omy post Office
in the United Sta
Delivery of Roots in ‘April.
| AAWIOW Gandin Hania tor
1908.entirely new. MOSt ar-

DELICATE PINK

AUGUSTA

VICTORIA
PURE WHITE |

H.SHOESMITH

SCARLET Mailed free upon application.

W.W.RAWSON &COMPANY

UNION ST. BOSTON MA
Specialists of Highest “Grade Seeds, Plants. ee Bulbs.

tistic, complete and original. .

29

ence

A ing t nish a room? =
30 Write to EEE eee for hints T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E FEBRUAR y, 1908

MAY’S T O MAT The Earliest , |
First of all in the World |

Matures a week to ten days ahead of any other known variety;
fruits large, smooth, bright red; finest flavor and entirely Seiie

FREE FROM HARD CORE Sie EME eee

ee Home }
Bears continuously throughout the season, fruits, weighing » Use

from 12 oz. to one |b. each, and do not crack and rot in wet
weather. Price; Perliberal pkt., 10c; peroz., 40c; ¥% |b.,
¢1; pound, $3; postpaid.

FREE BOOK

Northern-Grown

SEEDS

Plants, Bulbs, Fruits and Trees at xzght prices. Don’t
fail to secure the Book. WRITE TODAY.

L.L. MAY & CO., St. Paul, Minn.

1 pabaeeeats $ 1 .00 é : zw: 100Treesfor$1

Raise your Forest and Orna-
mone Trees and Shrubs from
eed.

"o A remarkable collection of grape-
vines at an exceedingly low price.
Allstrong, hardy growers—best vari-

GER eties—red, white, black—just what

“SS. the town man or the farmer
4 ES Swe. needs for planting around the

es house or in the garden.
Write for our free book, which
tells what vines to plant and
how to cultivate them, the
construction of trellises, and
gives full details as to the
various methods of pruning,
W formulas for insecticides, how to
Veiwe = spray, etc. We have the largest stock
and greatest variety of grapevines
and small fruit in the country.

T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY,

This is the cheapest and best way to
» have the finest trees and shrubbery,
and affords a great deal of pleasure.

We have a special collection of seeds

of our five best trees from which you

can grow hundreds of hardy plants.

This collection by mail for $1.00.

2 When you order state where thetrees

are to grow and we will send the kind that will grow best.
Order the collection now and also— :

Get our handsomely illustrated and uniquely descriptive cata-
a re

”

logue F of tree and shrub seeds. It givesreasons why,’ when
and how.”

Grapevine Specialists, Fredonia, N. Y- OTTO KATZENSTEIN & CO., ATLANTA, GA.

The tools that increase results

No other farm or garden tools do such good work or
so much work in so short a time as Planet Jrs.

Strong and easy-running. Practical and lasting, and
thoroughly guaranteed.

No. 25 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double
Wheel Hoe Cultivator and Plow opens the furrow, sows the seed
accurately in drills or hills, covers, rolls, and marks out next row
in one operation. A perfect Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator
and Plow.

No. 8 Planet Jr. Horse Hoe and Cultivator will do more things
in more ways than any other horse hoe made. Plows to or from
therow, A splendid hiller ; no equal as a cultivator.

Write today for our new ilkustrated catalogue of 1908 Planet Jrs.—
45 kinds—a tool for every gardener’s need.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

When Planning Your Garden

a copy of our 1908 catalogue will be of great help
to you. For 26 years we have been headquarters
for high class vegetable and flower seeds.

Why not send for the catalogue to-day, it’s free
and better than ever?

M. H. BRUNJES & SON

1581 Myrtle Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

How to Succeed With the
Incubator

ee supreme advantage of an incubator
is that it is ready for use at any time.
Properly handled, it will hatch as strong and
vigorous chicks as will the hen, and they can
be hatched much cheaper, too. An incuba-
tor that will hold as many eggs as can be
covered by ten to thirty hens, can be given all
the necessary attention in from ten to fifteen
minutes a day, and a hatch may be run off
with approximately five gallons of oil. That
n mber of hens would require several times
as much care and attention, and their feed
would cost much more than the oil.

February is not too early to start a hatch
of the larger breeds, and April or May will do
very well for the Leghorns and similar breeds.
Broilers will be high-priced when these early-
hatched chicks are the proper size, and fresh
eggs will also be high in price and in great
demand when the pullets, if properly fed and
handled, are ready to lay. Do not wait until
the chicks begin to hatch before looking for
a brooder, but get your brooder ready at the
same time.

There are both “ hot air” and “ hot water ”’
machines, and excellent results have been
secured from both, but personally I prefer
the hot air machine because it has seemed to
be more easily handled. The hot water
machines will hold the heat longer, however,
if the source of heat dies out.

WHERE TO PUT THE APPARATUS

The best place to operate is in an incuba-
tor cellar, which, if properly constructed,
is partially underground, with non-conduct-
ing walls, an air space between roof and
ceiling, darkened windows and a _ venti-
lating system for keeping the air pure. This,
however, is usually beyond the means of the
man with one or two incubators, whose near-
est approach to this is an airy house cellar.
The air must be pure to secure results, and
the temperature kept as even as possible. To
say that an incubator is a dangerous thing to
have around is an untruth—there is really
no more danger from a properly operated
incubator than there is from an ordinary
kerosene lamp, and not half so much as
from some oil stoves.

An old shoe-box with a hole in the side makes
a convenient egg tester. Hold the egg close to the
box and look through to the light

Fesrvuary, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 31

he Flowers GrandmotherUsedto Grow

. Be

made the old-time garden a bower of pure delight. No modern plants have equalled them in the
giving of gardening joys. Sweet memories cling to every one of them — Bleeding Heart and
Bloodroot, Candytuft and Columbines, Hellebores and Hollyhocks, Larkspurs and Lilies, Pinks
and Poppies, Pansies and Primroses, and all the rest.

Of late we Americans have been thinking more and more of those old-fashioned flowers. We
have largely come to see that the old plants grown in the old way have been neglected to our loss.
A garden of them is not only a source of pleasure untold but it is economical—our grandmothers
wrought their flower-magic with hardy plants, which thrive under adverse conditions and grow on
year after year without the trouble and cost of renewing. Peter’s Plants, with which to create anew

THE OLD-TIME HARDY GARDENS

have been grown in response to the increasing demand for the flowers that were grandmother’s
favorites. To grow them right we located our nurseries here in the heart of the Southern Allegheny
Mountains where the season is extra long, the soil rich but shallow -— giving fine masses of fibrous
roots—and the temperature generally even but with decided extremes. In winter the mercury
here falls to 17 degrees below zero, but the long summers give our plants so much vigor they go
through all right—and they will withstand cold very much better than stock grown north.

GET OUR SPLENDID FREE BOOK — “PETER’S PLANTS”

before time for spring planting. It tells the whole story in a helpful manner, describing the shrubs and plants we
grow in a new way—cClassified according to their planting usefulness. We want you to know of our superior
plants—so superior as to bring us dozens of letters from pleased customers who say they have never seen such
thrifty, splendid stock as ours. Send your name and address today for a free copy of “Peter’s Plants” and have
time to read it carefully before planting them.

PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY, Box 327, KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE

|

O* SURPASSING beauty as a single flower, charming everywhere! This engraving, from a photograph, shows how
in masses and ideal for planting against shrubbery. sag aes) SOT colle ues is, The owner rus Wiener
a ope) . u edge sends us handsome orders as he develops his grounds
3 Over fifteen thousand varieties—with a range of color and : —and has sent us several other customers. The are none
difference of habit that gives succession of bloom gorgeous seein Hoy us by enthusiastic patrons from Maine to California
. ‘ x an rom Canada to exico 1S One Of the principa
moons comparison: I d : 2 pene Soe the growth of our business. Tanai area)
such easy culture and so inexpensive that it may :
be given a place in the humblest garden yet so beautiful ee Rosedale Roses—The Best!
that it must have a place in the planting of more elab- Q ge Our heavy selected stock gives a wealth of bloom the first
orate grounds. : = pedson: mt die over ze0 varieties—the cream of the choicest
Unequalled for cut flowers, lasting longer after cuttin see pecuniary ete oe
q y , Jasting long B Gold Medal, St. Louis Exposition, 1904
than anything else, presenting its real beauty most aS : Oyitas See ees a eI 1
. : o SNe er speciaities—trees, ruit an mamental;
fully as the blooms open and developing its splendid ete at GSE Thee Weisiibg acl isiewby islersicre.
spikes in water to a greater extent than elsewhere.

|

Specimen Sizes in Most Varieties—Catalog Free!

é ee aie es Rosedale Nurseries - Tarrytown, New York &
The Gladiolus o : Landscape Dept., 63 Hamilton Place is

You know it as a flower of great beauty and
of easy culture—at home alike in the small
garden and on the large estate.

But have you seen it in the newer hy-
brids? Until you have you can gain no
proper conception of the perfection of form
and exquisite coloring.

7 Even the rare and expensive orchids fail
j to compare in the richness of their beauty
XN with these superb new Gladioli—yet no
ey lover of flowers need be without a few of
__ them as they can be procured at very rea-
sonable prices.

My new book, © The Twentieth Century Flower,”’
tells the story of the Gladiolus in a practical way and
will guide you in making selections for spring planting.
It is a beautiful production, giving the results of years

of experience in the culture of Gladioli.
I Will Gladly Send a Copy Free Upon Application

ARTHUR COWEE

Gladiolus Specialist
Meadowvale Farm, Box 12, BERLIN, N. Y.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FreBRUARY, 1908

VICTOR

Dance Music

Just imagine naving a full orches-
tra to play for you whenever you
want to dance! How you could
dance to such music as that! And
you can actually have it with a Victor
in your home.

Better music than you ever had before
—loud, clear and in perfect time. No
expense for musicians, nobody tied to the
piano—everybody can dance.

Besides special dance-music the Victor
provides high-class entertainment of every
kind between the dances. Grand opera
by the greatest artists, beautiful ballads by
leading vaudeville singers, selections by
famous bands; instrumental solos and
duets; “‘coon’’ songs; popular song hits; minstrel specialties, and
other good healthy fun.

In no other way can you hear this entertainment in your home,
except on the Victor. ‘The world’s foremost players and singers
make Victor Records only, and the Victor plays them as no other
instrument can.

Go to any Victor dealer’s and hear the Victor. Ask him to explain the

easy-payment plan.

_ Write us on the coupon for catalogue and full information.

Victor Talking Machine Co.
Camden, N. J.

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal
Canadian Distributors

STRONG PLANTS— BEST VARIETIES

SEND FOR LIST AND PRICES

Acres of Them. Largest

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS Variety in New England
AZALEAS Ghent, Mollis PYRAMIDAL BOX Large Stock

and Natives All Sizes
BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.
tomer.. We will mail one Full Packet each of the following 15 Grand

WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
New Sorts for only 10 cts. These would cost at least $1.50 elsewhere.

BEET, Perfected Red Turnip, earliest, best. ONION, Prizetaker, wt. 3 lbs.
ABBAGE, Winter Header, sure header, fine. PARSNIP, White Sugar, long, smooth, sweet.

g RADISH, White Icicle, long crisp, tender, best.
TOMATO, Earliest in World, large, smooth, fine,
TURNIP, Sweetest German, sweet, large.
Flower Seeds, 500 sorts mixed, large packet.

Sweet Peas, \% oz. California Giants Grand Mxd.
Catalogue and Check for 10 cts. free with order.

J. J. BELL SEED CO., Deposit, N. Y.

$1.50 Worth to Test Only 10 Cents

We ask you to try our Superior Seeds. One trial will make a Cus-

1000 bush. per acre.

CARROT, Perfected Half Long, best table sort.
CELERY, Winter Giant, large, crisp, good.
CUCUMBER, Family Favorite, favorite sort.
Iceberg, heads early, tender.
ON, Luscious Gem, best grown.
WATERMELON, Bell’s Early, extra fine.

(@-This 10 cts. returned on first 25c. order.

As no two machines are exactly alike, it
would be folly to endeavor to give explicit
directions which would answer the purpose
for one and all. Each manufacturer knows
just how his machine is to be operated and
furnishes the necessary instructions. One
person only should have the entire care of the
incubator, and the manufacturer’s directions
ought to be closely followed.

Above all things, don’t “fuss” with your
machine. After setting it up and making
sure that it stands perfectly level, light the
lamp, and without any eggs, ascertain posi-
tively that it is working properly. Use the
best oil obtainable; gas, if it is available, will
save much labor in filling and caring for the
lamps. There are many incubator cata-
logues which are full of information about
hatching and raising chickens, which may be
had upon request; if you are further inter-
ested write to the GARDEN MAGaziINE’s
Readers’ Service Department.

If the temperature drops many degrees
when you put in a lot of fresh eggs, don’t
change the regulator, as it will become normal
ina few hours. After a couple of days, turn
the eggs twice daily, cooling them for a few
minutes during the latter part of the hatch.
If light shelled, test the eggs for fertility after
five days in the machine; if dark shelled,
after eight days. This must be done when
they are turned and aired. Infertile eggs
(which are to be removed) are perfectly
clear, but in the others the chicks can be seen
developing. Egg testers are furnished with
some machines, but a small one suitable
for all purposes may be purchased for
twenty-five cents. If you do not have this,
a newspaper may be rolled into a tube,
and with the egg at one end held toward a
lamp, the testing may be done in a dark
room. I have also tested many eggs with
such a tube by looking through them toward
the sun.

Fresh laid eggs, of course, are the best for
hatching, but if it is necessary to keep them
any length of time, they should be stored in a
cool place and turned frequently. In no
case should duck and hen eggs be placed to-

‘gether, better results being usually obtained

by placing in the incubator eggs of only one
breed. At the end of the nineteenth day,
turn the eggs for the last time and close the
machine until the hatch is completed. If the
proper temperature has been maintained, the
eggs will begin to pip at the end of the twen-
tieth day and the chicks should all be out
within twenty-four hours. Ducks will be a
little slower in coming out on account of the
toughness of the shell.

I have said nothing about the proper tem-
perature, because so much depends upon the
position of the thermometer. About 103
degrees Fahrenheit is usually right, and al-
though some machines require the use of
moisture during the hatch, directions to this
effect will accompany the incubator. The
tray with the shells and unhatched eggs is
removed as soon as the hatch is completed,
but the chicks may remain a day longer. They
will require no feeding for twenty-four or
thirty-six hours after hatching.

New Jersey. F. H. VALENTINE

FEBRUARY, 1908

$250 in Cash Prizes

To test the value of our advertising in
the past, and to find out how many people
have really learned from it what Alabastine
is and why it should be used for wall deco-
ration, we offer the following prizes for
the best answers of 50 words or less to
this question—

Why is Alabastine better than kalsomine
or wall paper?

Alabastine
The Sanitary Wall Coating

is put up in sixteen different tints and white, in dry
powdered form, to be mixed with cold water and ap-
plied to any surface with a flat brush, and is used for
wall decorations in homes, schools, churches and pub-
lic buildings.

The $250 in cash prizes will be divided as follows :
First Prize, $50; Five Prizes of $10 each; Ten Prizes
of $5 each; Twenty-five Prizes of $2 each; Fifty
Prizes of $1 each.

91 Cash Prizes in all. Contest free to all. Send
your answer at once. Awards made April Ist, 1908.
The book, ““Dainty Wall Decorations”’ con-
tains beautiful color plans for decorating
every room in the average home, and
gives much valuable information. Mailed
anywhere for 10c coin or U.S. stamps.

The Alabastine Company,
924 Grandville Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Dept. Y, 105 Water Street, New York City.

' of art, beauty, strength
Every Requirement and durability is met
perfectly by Koll’s Patent Lock Joint
Columns. Best for all exterior, interior and
garden uses. Write for Catalog H-19.
HENRY SANDERS COMPANY,

835-1135 Elston Av., Chicago.
Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York.

The Beautiful Hand- Woven

PEQUOT RUGS

Refreshing Simplicity

Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design
and inexpensive. Send for Booklet,

CHAS. H. KIMBALL

44 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn.

WHAT Plant Your Garden by the

PETER Adams Method. It Pays
Write for free copy of Adams’ Little
SAYS Green Book of Choice Seeds and Bulbs
IT EXPLAINS

eS ee @ eine Wellesley, Mass.
FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W.R, GRAY,

GET THE BEST

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As _ practical
fruit growers we were using the
common sprayers in our own
orchards—found their defects
and then invented THE
ECLIPSE. Its success practi-
cally forced us into manufactur-
ing on a large scale. You take
no chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying — FREE.

MO RRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about

greenhouses

Do you live in the country?

Or in the suburbs ?

Or anywhere away from a city water supply ?
How is your house supplied with water ?

Every one must have water.

Water is necessary for animal and man; and nature
demands it too for irrigation.

The success of your home as a comfortable and sani-
tary abiding place, depends largely on your water
supply.

Artificial heat is required only in winter—artificial
light only at night.

Water is required during all seasons—day and night.

Impossible as it may seem, the subject of water
supply had been almost entirely neglected until recent
years, while great improvements had been made con-
tinually in lighting and heating methods.

This water supply problem is now completely
solved by

The Kewanee System of Water Supply

The Kewanee System insures every convenience,
comfort and protection offered by the most up-to-date

city water works system.

This means an abundant supply of water with ample
Dreseure behind it, available at any hour of the day or
night.

The Kewanee System will enable you to have that
water delivered to the bathroom, kitchen, laundry,
barn, garden, lawn—anywhere, under strong pressure.

The Kewanee System does away with the drudgery
of carrying this water in buckets, a task which men
shirk and women detest.

The Kewanee System obviates the old style elevated
tank, which is expensive, unsightly and unsafe—
which may leak, freeze or collapse.

And no leaky and inefficient attic tank need be
used.

Use the water from your own well, cistern or other
natural source of supply. F

The plant may be placed in the cellar, located in a
special pump house—or under ground if necessary—
out of sight and thoroughly protected.

Kewanee Systems are easy to install, easy to operate
and cost nothing for repairs.

The Kewanee System is not an experiment by any
means.

Over 8000 Kewanee Systems in successful operation.

Complete plants furnished to supply any require-
ments, from those of a cottage to a small town.

Kewanee Systems are now supplying country and
city homes, clubs, hotels, schools, apartment buildings,
public institutions and towns. 5

Our engineers can solve your water supply problem;
and no charge will be made for preliminary prices and
plans.

Every Kewanee System is fully guarant :ed—we take
all the risk and responsibility.

Let us show you what we can do for you.

Write for our complete 64-page illustrated catalog
which explains everything.

Ask for catalog No. 16.

Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, Illinois.

No. 32 Broadway, New York City.

820 Marquette Building, Chicago.

404 Equitable Building, Baltimore, Md.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!

to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an

immediate effect.

ANDORRA NURSERIES “c*

G PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Price List Now Ready.

CHESTNUT HILL,

WII. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

It takes over twenty years

If you wish to purchase live stock,

34 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY,

1908

write to the Readers’ Service
FAVORITE

Favorite ER EE |

Thousands are taking advantage of this offer, why not you? Enclose
us stamps or coin to the amount of ten cents, which can be deducted
from your first order, and we will mail you our 1908 Novelty Offer.

Five Packets Mailed FREE with Catalog

Coxscomb, very ornamental for its comb effect, resembling the comb
of a cock. Poppies, with their rainbow colorings, flowers lasting all
summer. Godetia, with its delicate tints of crimson rose, makes an
attractive annual. Phlox, Sunbeams; its dazzling colors make an attract-
ive flower bed. Lastly, Hollyhocks, double and single colors, Grand-
ma’s Favorite. All five packets free, including our profusely illustrated
catalog. Write to-day.

WM. ELLIOTT & SONS, Seedsmen
Established 1845 233 Fulton St., New York

The Popular

Flowering Plant

Giant Tuberous Begonias

Nothing surpasses the bnilliancy
and richness of these flowers.
. Colors: White, Pink, Scarlet, Rose,
Crimson, Yellow and Orange.
Our own importation of large, well-
ripened bulbs. One bulb 8 cents.
The collection of 7 colors, 40
cents, postpaid. 100 for $5.00.
hese Begonias are continual
bloomers and will surprise and de-
light those who have not hitherto
grown them. Send today for our
= FREE Catalogue, and be sure to

ask for our $20.00 prize offer

BINGHAMTON SEED CO.
No. 100 Court Street Binghamton, New York

Make your garden pay double

Planet Jr. Farm and Garden Tools save time and labor, take the place of expensive “help,”
and prepare for a bigger, better crop. They do great work and they last long—made of the
finest materials for the purpose and guaranteed. They pay for themselves over and over again.

_ No. 25 Hilland Drill-Seeder, Double-Wheel Hoe,Cultivator and Plow combines every useful tool inonestrong,
light, easy-running, simply-adjusted implement—opens the furrow, sows the seed in drills or in hills 4 to 24 inches
apart, covers, rolls, and marks out the next row; and does thorough work as a double-wheel hoe, cultivator and plow.

Planet Jr. 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer is a great tool for berry growers and market garden-
ers—invaluable wherever fine close workis needed. The twelve chisel-shaped teeth leave the ground in the finest
condition. Turns hard work for three men into easy and better work for one. Write today for illustrated 1908
catalogue describing our 45 kinds of farm implements including Wheel-Hoes, One- and I'wo-Horse
Cultivators, Harrows, and Orchard and Beet-Cultivators.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.

Can sow more grain with a
Cahoon hand broadcast seed sower
than six men can sow by hand. Five acres
per hour isa fair average for the Cahoon,
and the seed is distributed evenly, with a
great saving of time.

D The Cahoon Hand Seed Sower

is a practical machine for any size farm. It increases the
farmer’s profit both ways, in better crops
rais2d, and time and seed saved. Write for
new book “Sowing for Results’”” and soth
anniversary souvenir.

Goodell Co., 84Main St.,Antrim, N.H.

= SS =

are the best. <Almays on their own roots. Plants
Inailed to any point in the United States. Safe
j arrival guaranteed. Over 60 years’ experience,
| Flower and Vegetable Seeds aspecialty. Writetcr

New Guide to Rose Culture

for 1908—the leading rose catalogue of America.
184 pages. Mailed t ee. Describes over 1,000 varie-
ties. Tells how to grow them and all other desirable
flowers. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove,Pa.

PRUNING AND PRUNING ADVICE
James Wesson Phelps, LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECT
Eleven Years’ Experience In All

Branches of Landscape Work. Bolton, Conn.

have earned a world-wide reputation. Thou-
sands of farmers and gardeners rely upen
them absolutely because they are sure growers.
If you have never planted them just try them
this year. Our new catalogue helps solve all
the problems of planting—will be likely to set
you right when in doubt.
2 ITS FREE. Write for a copy.

J.J. H. GREGORY & SON,
Marblehead, Mass.

For Liquor and
Drug Using|

A scientific remedy which has been

skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 28 years

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

Buffalo, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa.

White PJaing. N. Y. 4246 Fifth Ave.

Greensboro, N. C. Providence R.L

Fargo, N. D. Waukesha. Wis.

Philadelphia, Pa., Toronto, Ont., Canada.
812 N. Broad St. Winnipeg. Manitoba.

Harrisburg, Pa. London, England.

Lexington, Mass.
Portland, Me.
Grand Rapids, Mich..
265 Sy College Av.
Omaha, Neb.,
Cor.Cass & 25th Sts.
North Conway. N. H.

Washington, D.

Birmingham, Ala. C..
aarti 211 N. Capitol St.

Hot Springs. Ark.
San Francisco. Cal. Dwight, ll.
Marion. Ind.
2980 Sacramento St. pjginfield, Ind.
Denver, Ool. Des Moines, Ja.
West Haven, Conn. Crab Orchard, Ky.

Starting Vegetable and Flower
Seeds

DPSS February prepare the garden and
flower beds to be planted next month.
As the soil cannot be made too fine and loose
for flowers and vegetables, a dressing of well
rotted manure should be spread on the surface
and dug or plowed to a depth of twelve
inches. Jf manure is not convenient, use a
commercial fertilizer at the rate of twenty
pounds to forty square yards of soil.

Dahlias, which flower freely during the
first season, are very easily grown thus: Sow
seed thinly in drills about half an inch deep
in boxes of rich soil either in the house or in
the hot bed.

Sow seed of heliotrope, godetia, mimulus,
abutilon, begonia, canna, and petunia in hot-
beds, or in boxes in the house, for flowering
in the spring, early summer, and fall. Peel
off the outer seed coat of the canna seeds or
file them so as to enable them to germinate
more freely.

If you have not sown seed of early toma-
toes, peppers, and eggplants, sow them now
in hotbeds or in boxes in the house, and they
will furnish fruit for use in June.

Onions can be grown from seed sown in the
open ground where also cabbage and cauli-
flower may be sown the last of this month.
Set out young cabbage and cauliflower plants
now if they have been hardened off.

Sow seed of garden and sweet peas during
this month, the late tall sorts being the ones
to plant now. You cannot have too many of
these in your garden.

The last of the month is the best time for
planting seed of herbs in the open ground.
Sow a full assortment of these, as after they
have commenced growing they require but
very little care.

During this month plant out early Irish
potatoes in well prepared, rich, sandy soil
that has been well fertilized. The rows
should be made two or three feet apart, the
potatoes planted from eight to twelve inches
apart in the row, and covered two inches deep.
Green cotton seed is a better fertilize for
potatoes than the commercial fertilizer but
to get the best results use them together at the
rate of sixty bushels of cotton seed and one
thousand pounds of fertilizer to an acre.

After the potatoes have been planted, cover
the surface of the soil with one or two inches
of pine straw. The potatoes will then not
require any attention as the straw will keep
them free from seeds and it will also keep the
soil warm, loose, and moist.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

FEBRUARY, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

The trees and plants offered by Bilt-
more Nursery have been grown in the
famous Blue Ridge Mountains where the
climate, soil and rainfall combine to pro-
duce stock of unequalled vigor and per-
fect hardiness. There isa complete and
modern equipment, years of experience
and the most approved methods back
of everything produced by

Biltmore Nursery

Every tree and plant of value has a place
in the stock of Biltmore Nursery. It re-
quires a 196 page catalog to describe
and illustrate Ale offerings. The Bilt-
more Nursery Catalog is the most com-
prehensive book of the kind, as well as
the most beautiful—fittingly representing
the quality and variety of the unsurpassed
stock offered through it.

A copy of this handsome and valuable book
free on request to any interested person.

BILTMORE NURSERY,
Box 122. Biltmore, N. C.

30

* Just Think of It

7 Vos house or barn will be just
as well protected as million dol-
aN lar city buildings if you cover it with

; Carey’s Roofing—the ONLY one-
standard grade and uniform quality roofing on the market. The
illustrations show James Marron’s barn, Canton, Illinois, and the
great Pierce skyscraper, St. Louis, Missouri. Both buildings are
covered with

CAREY’S

FLEXIBLE CEMENT

ROOFING

The best city and country structures in America—North, South, East
and West, are covered with Carey’s One Standard Roofing. Being better,
Carey’s may cost a trifle more than other composition roofings, but it is just
as easily laid as any other and it stays laid, often outlasting the building itself.

Carey’s Roofing is made of highest standard materials, all of our own
manufacture—best woolen felt, highly tempered asphalt and fire-resisting
cement. The Carey patent lap covers and protects nail heads. Carey’s
Roofing is equally adapted to flat or steep surfaces and may be laid over
leaky shingles, metal or composition roofs.

For your own protection you should write us direct
before buying any roofing. We will tell you where and
how to get Carey’s.

A Free Sample and Descriptive Booklet
will be sent upon request

THE PHILIP CAREY CO..,
Sole Manufacturers

50 Wayne Avenue, Cincinnati, O.

Prolific, Vigorous
Strong Growers

a /
& |

SMALL FRUITS,

from one’s own plants is one of the joys of subur-

ban and country life sighed forby the city-dweller.

I have 8.0 acres here at New Carlisle devoted to

fruits, vineyards, vegetables. The field below is a

reat Sight when hanging full ofripened blackberries.

Gladly would I pilot you thro’ the rows where you

: could help yourself to your heart’s content. But I

can’t bring you here, so I’ll send you part of this big field and you
can enjoyit at yourhome. See free ofter under illustration below.

Scarff’s Great Introductory Specials

$5 FRUIT GARDEN.—By express, purchaser paying charges, 1 will
send 150 Strawberry, 6 Gooseberry, 20 Currant, 137 Raspberry and 87
Blackberry plants, and 12 Grape Vines. Free with this, three Rambler
Roses—crimson, white, yellow.

$1 VEGETABLE GARDEN.—35 packets—one each, Asparagus, Beets,
Carrot, Coffee-berry, Peas, Celery, Watermelon, Onion, Parsnip, Sage,
Spinach, Pop-corn, Pumpkin; 2each Cabbage, Cucumber, Lettuce, Mush-
melon, Radish, Squash, Turnip, Beans; 3 each Sweet Corn, Tomato. All
sent postpaid.

$1 STRAWBERRY PATGH.—100 plants—25 each of 4 best varieties,
postpaid. Ifordered before May Ist, a Baby Rambler Rose free.

Pitoms fresh, luscious berries, fruits and grapes

_3 Plants from this Field sent FREE

you can
anting,

W. WN. SCARFF, Small Fruit __ Specialist, New Carlisie, Ohio.
ny,

6 dt!

You need our Catalogue

whether you intend to sow for pleasure
or for profit.

The CULTURAL DIRECTIONS will

be found invaluable.

Our 107th successive annual edition is
ready for mailing. Send for a copy now.

We Mail It Free
J. M. THORBURN & CO.

33 Barclay St., thro’ to 38 Park Place - NEW YORK

LE EE -

36

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

The Waterloo

Vapor Cooled
Engine

The only horizontal vapor
cooled engine in the world.
Absolutely frost proof and
cannot freeze.

The King of gasoline engines. Our cata-

logue will tell you all about it.

WATERLOO GASOLINE ENGINE CO.
1103 3rd Ave. West WATERLOO, IOWA

PAGE FENCE

Page ornamental wrought-iron fence is the most
economical for enclosing Lawns, Parks, Cemeteries,
etc. Itis beautifully finished, and made of strongest
wrought iron, which does not rust. Page wrought-
iron fence lasts a lifetime. Page Ornamental
Wrought-Iron Fence can be had in any style, design
or height. Send for special catalog on Wrought-
Iron Fence. Ask about our Woven Wire Fence.

& PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCECO. £

Box 8323, ea eee |

@e02008e80
tll

TE

NS
e

IN THE

“HARDEST STORM

by wearing

: | ‘WATERPROOF
; OILED
CLOTHING

BLACK OR YELLOW

Every Garment
Guaranteed
LIGHT - CLEAN - DURABLE
LOW IN PRICE

WRITE TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET
DESCRIBING MANY KINDS OF
WATERPROOF GARMENTS

“os j ZAI, TOWER CO. BOSTON, U.S.A
Ms See Le eG TOWER CANADIAN CO. LIMITED. TORONTO,CAN.

Good Onions Grown from Seed

Ones may be planted in the South
any time during February and March
for harvesting in August. They can be grown
much cheaper from seed than from sets,
and will make better shaped bulbs, although
many Southerners have the idea that good
onions cannot be grown from seed ina single
season. As our season is much longer than
it isin the North, we have a much better
chance for growing onions in one season,
yet some of the finest specimens I have ever
seen were grown from seed in a single short
season in the North.

Onions will do well in almost any garden
soil that has been kept free from weeds and
grass. ‘The soil can be made fine and loose
by deep spading, and as it is impossible to
get the soil too rich, both stable manure and
commercial fertilizer high in nitrogen may
be applied. This is not done, however, un-
til about two weeks before planting. Use
it in the drill at the rate of from one to two
thousand pounds an acre.

Make the rows from one to two and one-
half feet apart and sow the seed at the rate of
from five to seven pounds per acre; a seed
drill will do the work faster and more evenly
than by hand. Cover the seed with one-
fourth to one-half inch of soil, which, if dry,
at the time, must be pressed down firmly to
insure good and quick germination.

Commence cultivation as soon as the
plants are well up and stir the soil between
the rows every two weeks, and oftener if

As soon as the bulbs begin to develop clear away
the soil to expose at least one half. (Two weeks
after clearing)

necessary, to keep it fine and loose and to
prevent weeds from getting a foothold.
When the plants have attained the size of
a large broom straw, thin out to one plant
every four or six inches. Nitrate of soda,
applied at the rate of 150 pounds to theacre,
will hasten their growth and greatly increase
their yield. When the plants begin to make
bulbs early in the summer remove the soil
from around them (so that one-half, or more,
ofthe bulb is exposed) to increase their size.

When the tops die down, the onions are
ready for pulling up. After this, if there is
no danger of rain, leave them in the sun a
dayortwotodry. Storeina cool, dry place.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FrBruary, 1908

: Stokes

LEED
Standards

Let me send you my new 1908 catalogue——
free. Contains practical advice for every
one interested in vegetables or flower-garden
culture. Explains my new way of Selling:

seeds—“ Stokes’ Standards,” selected from |
thousands of varieties, each the best in its ~
class. Shows photographs of splendid spec-

imens you can raise from my seeds and
gives complete directions for making a suc-
cessful garden.

“ Stokes’
Standard’’ Earliest Pea

is the earliest wrinkled pea grown. Pods almost twice
the size of extra early peas. Let me tell you about it.

My special 10c. offer

I will send my catalogue free or for roc. in stamps—
if you mention Garden Magazine—I will send you the
catalogue with three 10c. packets of seed, one each of
my “‘ Bonny Best”’ Early Tomatoes, “ Stokes’ Stand-
ard”? Sweet Peas and “Stokes? Standard” Nastur-
tiums. Lach unexcelled i its class. Order at once.

STOKES SEED STORE
Dept. A, 219 Market Street Philadelphia

Buy From A Specialist

SPECIMEN TREES|

ChoiceEvergreens 3 os:

Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

Write for large tilustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

It will pay you to spray your Fruit Trees
Y and Vines for protection from scale and all
insect pests and fungous diseases. FREE
Instruction Book shows the famous EMPIRE

KING, ORCHARD MONARCH and other sprayers
also gives a lot of formulas and other valuable information.
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No. 48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y.

The Farmers’ Easy Record

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on
thefarm. Designed by an expert. Thousands inuse. Hasy to keep.
Will last 8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents
Wanted. Send for free specimen pages and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO., Dept. 579, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

\Freeruary, 1908 THE

\ Vick Quality Seeds (i

BRING PLEASURE
TO THE PLANTER

VICK’S
GARDEN AND FLORAL
GUIDE

Illustrates and describes the late introductions, as well
as the favorites of the Flower and Vegetable Garden.
@ The famous VICK ASTERS, some of which are
shown in nature’s beautiful colors ; the Giant-flow-
ering Cosmos; the “‘Magic Flower’’; the popular
Nasturtiums and fragrant Sweet Peas. {In the
Vegetable list, Ailsa Craig Onion, Swastika Pea,
Scarlet Globe Radish, Big Boston Lettuce, and the
Irondequoit Muskmelon will attract attention.

HARDY PLANTS, Old & New

is a new Catalogue which illustrates and describes
the new and old garden favorites in Hardy Peren-
nial Plants, Roses, Shrubs, and Climbers.

Either or both Catalogues mailed free

JAMES VICKS SONS

362 Main Street ROCHESTER, N. Y.

| STRAWBERRIES|

If you want Strawberry Plants
the best, strongest, most vigor-
ous and most prolific that can be
grown in a good, favored
strawberry climate, I am sell-
ing that kind at reasonable
prices. Millions of them packed
to carry anywhere. Also other
small fruit plants and special
seeds. My Free Oatalogue tells
about them and gives the price.
If interested, write for it today.
Address

. W. F. ALLEN
§ 39 Market St.

A THRIFTY GARDEN

whether large or small, needs proper tools for seeding and culti-
vating. We make garden implements of all kinds, a tool for
every purpose.

MATTHEWS’ NEW UNIVERSAL

Hand Seeders and Cultivators

. singly or combined with Hoes, Plows, Rakes.
Markers, etc. Over styles. FREE
BOOKLET giving description, prices and
valuable information mailed

to any gots oe

ward Write Now.
AMES PLOW CO., 20 Market St.,

Ferry’s Seeds
are the best known =
and the most reliable seed:
grown. Every package has behind
it the reputation of a house whose
business standards are the highest in the trade.

Ferry’s 1908 Seed Annual will be mailed FREE to all appli-
cants. It contains colored plates, many engravings, and full de-
8criptions, prices and directions for planting over 1200 varieties of
Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Invaluable to all. Send for it.

D. M. FERRY & CO., Detroit, Mich.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

@ Little

I’ve a message for you about roses —different, better

roses than you’ve been buying.

I want you to know about them—about this business
which in four years has forged to the front—in point of
quality is far=and=away in the lead.

And there’s a reason for it.

Ten years of preparation—of enthusiastic—yes, pas=
sionate devotion to the outdoor culture of the ‘“‘Queen
of Flowers’’ brought to me the *‘know how.’’

That’s why thousands of amateurs from [laine to Cali-
fornia—from [lanitoba to Florida, inclusive, are experi=
encing with my roses an astonishing degree of success.

Some day—if not now—by sheer force of merit, my
roses will win a place in YOUR garden and then you will
regret that you did not plant them before.

5 Let me send you a copy of my

“Vittle Book
About Roses ”’

fully

SOMETHING FOR EVERY GARDEN.
EVERYTHING FOR SOME GARDENS.

THE McGREGOR BROS. CO., Wholesale and Retail Florists
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, U.S. A.

Heating Boiler Talks, No. 2.

By A. Master Steam-Fitter.

The KEWANEE Boiler is the one for me
every time—for houses, flats and public
buildings.

It is built like a locomotive boiler—of
riveted steel plates and tested to twenty
times the usual steam pressure.

You can get more live steam out of a ton
of coal with a KEWANEE Boiler than with
any other boiler. You can save the price of
the boiler in your reduced coal bill.

KEWANEE B°ILERS

are recommended by leading architects and heating
contractors, because they last longer, cost less to oper
ate and give better satisfaction than other boilers.

Whether you areinterested in heating your home,
yourstore your church, an office building, apartment
building or a school house, you ought to read the
little book entitled ‘‘KEWANEB Heating Methods.”
It tells why KEWANEE Boilers are recommended
by architects and steam-fitters alike. Write for it
today. It is free to you, though it is worth $10 to
any intending boiler buyer.

KEWANEE BOILER COMPANY

142 Franklin Street, Kewanee, Ill.

5
THE
For Country Homes, Hotels, Stores.
saving Gaslight, which costs a ¢hzrd /ess than Kerosene Light.
us how many rooms or size of your Store to Light and we will
quote you interesting price.

Hook About

It’s not written by professional Catalogue makers,
nor illustrated with imaginative pictures in colors, but
every word, barring quotations, is written by myseli—
from my own experience--and is truthfully and beauti=-

illustrated in half=tone from actual photo=

graphs.

It tells you in detail, how, from the time you take up
the spade until the flowers are gathered, to achieve the
fullest success.

It tells the truth—faults and all— about the best roses
for outdoor cultivation to-day.

The quality ofits paper, printing, and illustrations
reflects the quality of my business and is intended to
appeal to intelligent, thinking people who can sift the
gold from the dross.

Are You Such?

=—=——
If so, write for it now— to-day.

“Buyers of plants for the flower garden have always suffered from the common-
place monotony of all catalogs from nurserymen and the like. No one has been able
to break away from the conventional style until George H. Peterson of Fair Lawn,
N. J., issued this ‘ Little Book About Roses.’ But this seems to make the interests
of the plant buyer and seller mutual and is written with an originality anda literary
touch that has all the charm of the unexpected.’’—Framingham (Mass.) Tribune.

GEO. H. PETERSON, Rose and Peony Specialist, Box 50, FAIR LAWN, N. J.

“PILOT” GASLIGHT MAKER

Makes brilliant WAzte, Eye-
Teil

Address
“The Pilot Generator,’’ 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago

NUNN

oF

3 Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

70™ Anniversary Number

FEBRUARY, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Garde

Everyone interested in
Flowers or Vegetables,
Shrubs, Decorative Plants,
Lawn, etc., should have a
copy.

Conceded to be the most
complete, helpful and in-
structive catalogue issued.

Used as a text book by many
leading colleges.
y” colored and4 duotone plates, and hun-
dreds of photographic reproductions of
the Newest and Best things for the Garden.

We will send a copy without charge if you mention this magazine.

248 pages, 4

New and Rare Seeds
and Plants for 1908

Our Garden Book describes and in many cases illustrates over
two hundred and fifty new and improved forms in Vegetable
and Flower Seeds Cannas, Dahlias, Gladioli, Roses and Perennial

Plants.
“Pink Beauty” Aster

One of the sixty new things offered in
flower seeds. Pronounced by experts
to be the finest pink
Aster yet intro-
duced. Large
chrysanthemum-
like flowers on
long strong
stems; in color a
delicate soft pink.
A gem for cutting
and equally desirable
15c per pkt.; 2 pkts for 25c,

for beds.

714 Chestnut Street

“Rays of Gold” Rudbeckia
One of the fifty new Haigy Plants
offered this year by
us. It is a refined
and very double f=
form of the popu- {= aM
lar “Golden 4 ys
Glow.” Just as \
easy to grow and \
hardy in all parts of
ay country. Strong roots that will

bloom this season. 25c each; $2.50 per doz.

Henry A. Dreer,

Philadelphia y

reers
Bo ok

Onions grown irom seed sown in March are ready
for use on June Ist

Some of the best varieties for growing in
this part of the country are Red Wethers-
field, Prizetaker, Australian Brown, White
Globe, and Silver King.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

Vegetables in Texas

WE HAVE been peculiarly successful
with vegetables here. The main
crops have been tomatoes and lettuce, prob-
ably because we like them best. We made
the discovery that head lettuce will thrive
without protection all winter if well started
before the first frost, but as others do not have
the same experience ours is probably due to
our garden being so well sheltered by hedges.
Ripe tomatoes may be had by May 25th from
plants set out March 15th. ‘The best way to
plant them is to drop the plants into holes six
inches deep made with a pointed stick. They
will form new roots along that part of the
stalk which is underground and be in less
danger of drying out.

We have also raised sweet corn, potatoes,
beans, lima beans, English peas, spinach,
cucumbers, sweet peppers, eggplant, radishes,
parsley, and muskmelons. All of these may
be grown without water for an early crop, but
if they are wanted throughout the summer
must be irrigated. The time of planting ten-
der vegetables is of course governed by the
latest frost, which I have never known
to come later than March 20th. We
have sown English peas (Henderson’s First
of All) on January oth and had them
ready for the table by April ist. Irish po-
tatoes planted in February with an under-
ground mulch of straw may be had for the
table in April. ‘Triumph is far better and
earlier on our land than any of the other va-
rieties we have tried.

All of our watering is done with a hose and
city water at 334 centsa thousand gallons. We
have long ago discarded the sprinkle nozzle
except for washing plants when they are dusty,
as sprinkling brings the roots to the surface
and thus makes a plant less able to withstand
a drought. We employ a man by the day to
do all the outdoor work—mowing the lawn,
planting, etc. Labor by the day is especially
satisfactory because all the gardening is done
under my personal supervision at such times
when social or other engagements do not
interfere. I always train and prune the vines
myself and trim all the roses and shrub-
bery except the privet hedge. i

Austin, Texas. A. M. M.

r nl The Readers’ Service i. dt
Fesruary, 190 8 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E Gane Spavouls Ppa Senind WES EDS 39

MOLDS potatoes

peeaese™

iho : Ze
WHITE EARLY OHIO
An Ohio with a White Skin
Nothing equals the old reliable Early
Ohio for quick compact growth,
smooth symmetrical shape and fine
quality. White Ohio is identical (al-

though a better yielder) with the
white color, so much desired now.

OLDS’ RED RIVER
WHITE OHIOS

: own, in the cold northwest, cannot
e excelled for vigor and early ma-
turity. We have equally choice Red
River stock Noroton Eeauey Six
Weeks, Acme, Triumph an Ear-
ly Ohio. Also other varieties, best
Wisconsin grown, including Olds’
Prolific hite Victor, Early
Roser, Gold Coin, Pat’s Choice,
Raleigh, Carman, etc.

BIG STOCK, LOW PRICES

fa, d,
Tools and Poultry Supplies.

L. L. Ol’s Seed Co., O77 wi

The costliest materials form only about one-third of a painting
bill. The rest of the money is paid for labor. A mistake in the
paint means not only the loss of what the paint cost, but also the

loss of the entire expenditure for putting the worthless stuff on the
building. It is quite worth while to ¢esz the paint before using i.

The best paint is that mixed by your painter from Pure White Lead and
Pure Linseed Oil, with the particular needs of your house in view. There
is a simple test which anyone can make.

White lead is made from metallic lead and can be changed back to
that metal by applying great heat. Any adulterations, such as chalk,
barytes or other counterfeits, mixed with the white lead, prevent the
appearance of amy metallic lead, no matter how slight the adulteration.
Therefore, if the sample yields drops of lead, it is pure; if not,

it is adulterated. FULL WEIGHT KEGS

Mye Lf S traw b ey We will send you a blowpipe free | 1 Dech Boy Painter on 2

The Greatest Market Variety in Delaware. apt
ity but full weight of White

i i We want house-owners to know how to test paint. We
D. S. Myer @ Son, Bridgeville, Delaware. clenae the test of our White Lead and will furnish free a rendu ne ban eee
i blowpipe (a little instrument necessary to secure intense heat) eee Tap eonitainathe nent

ho is i nest about knowing good paint from sc E
ONG AS PARAGUS FOO NORE eenemneceseaty, for the test, together with beau- Cuan eee designated on
ISLAND tiful booklet, will go to you atonce. Write tor Test equip-
The Asparagus for which Long Island is famous is the French 4 ment V, Address
Argentenil strain modified by local influences of soil and climate.
3-year-old ee of this well tried, supe sion Variely $1.00 per 100; ] NA TIONAL LEAD COMPANY
40 for 50c. irections for cultivation by the Long Island Method - - 9 Coan of 5
sent with each order. Send to-day for our 1908 catalog which con- in whichever of the following cities 7s nearest you.

Amateurs”

with over a hundred plans of grounds, flower
} beds and formal gardens, is a valuable guide to
Mm those interested in beautifulsurroundings Nine-
# ty pages beautifully iliustrated, with necessary
information to Jay out and plant in an artistic
and attractive way Home Grounds, also School,
University, Sanitarium and Factory Grounds.
Order it today. Price $1.00 postpaid.

Waener Park Conservatories

Box 303 Sidney, Ohio

tains our $45 FREE Prize Offers. od New York, EOS. Buffalo, Cleveland
Cincinnati, chicago, t. Louis,
BINGHAMTON SEED CO. whiladelphia (John TaenieleaBros: Co.);

100 Court Street Binghamton, N. Y- Pittsburgh (National Lead & Oil Co.)

THIS INTERESTING
aE = is useful as well as prac-

¥ 0 tical. It contains nothing

but truthful facts about Seeds,

the most important factor to
the grower.

Plant Western Seeds.

They are selected wih the
utmost care to suit the re-
quirements of the particular
planter. Fresh, clean and
Jull of life. Put lifeinto your
fields and get satisfactory
yields.

The &lm City Nursery Company, WLew Haven, Conneclicul

NE Wuvorane
HYDRANGEA
GRANDIFLORA ALBA

The most valuatle addition to our
strictly hardy garden shrubs that has
appeared in years. Withstands zero
weather without injury. Immense
heads of purest white blooms in June
(see zllustration). After maturity turn-
ing to deep green like the foliage,—
- an attractive feature. Asa specimen
The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground
drangea—from photo of taller shrubsitis a tremendous success.
PRICES well established, de:tv-\ From 6 inch pots. $1.50 each,
(Es after April r5thJ $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots, $1.00
each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, $.35
each, $3.25 per 10. Shipment by Express advised.
The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.
Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog will soon be ready. You
can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spring order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

Burbank ’s c.2tions

Royal and Paradox Wainuts, Santa Rosa Plum,
Rutland Plumcot, Gaviota, Formosa, and Vesu-
vias, the beautiful foliage plum. Write for
beautiful illustrated booklet in colors.

Trees of All Sorts True to Name

Four Nurseries 1200 Acres

Largest on the Pacific Coast

NEW CATALOGUE, superbly illustrated and containing
valuable information about planting and improved methods of
handling trees, sent free.

PAID-UP CAPITAL, $200,000.00

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, Inc.
Geo. C. Roeding, Pres, and Mer., P.O. Box 39, FRESNO, CAL.

Good Seeds Produce

( westhet Sry, : } Good Crops, and what is

{7 \wesrrse Pf More important to the indi-
Li

vidual, as wellas the country,

é =m than good crops? Good crops
i <1008> means satisfied customers.
s nd the PLANTERS We want you to be one of

TEPFING STONES Wo ours, and want you to get the
a re benefits of our liberal Pre-
~ a ~ mium Offers of valuable new
varieties of vezetables which
we distribute gratis.

Send for this beautiful catalog to-day. It is free!
Become acquainted with

THE BARTELDES SEED CO.
BOX 19, LAWRENCE, KANS.

I} you wish to purchase live stock,
wrile to the Readers’ Service

40 THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY, 1908

is the title of Our New Catalogue for 1908—the most
beautiful and instructive horticultural publication of the
day—190 pages—700 engravings—I2 superb colored
and duotone plates of vegetables and flowers.

To give this catalogue the largest possible distribution, we make
the following liberal offer :

Every Empty Envelope

Counts as Cash

To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen and
who encloses Ten Cents (in stamps), we will mail this catalogue,

AND ALSO SEND FREE OF CHARGE
Our famous 50 cent “‘HENDERSON”’ COLLECTION OF SEEDS

containing one packet each of Gzant Mixed Sweet Peas; Giant Fancy
Pansies, mixed; Giant Victoria Asters, mixed; Henderson's All Seasons
Lettuce; Early Ruby Tomato; and Henderson's Electric Beet, in a cou=
pon envelope, which, when emptied and returned will be accepted as a
25-cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and upward.

BERRY PLANTS

» We are headquarters for plants of the
wa new “‘ Oswego” strawberry and 50 other
best new and old varieties. Also the
“Plum Farmer’’ raspberry and other
Black-

STRAWBERRIES

If you want Strawberry Plants, the best that
3} grow, I have millions of them grown expressly

desirable kinds of Raspberries,
berries and other Fruit Plants, etc. 24 years

experience. Highest awards at World’s Fair.
Y We invite correspondence. Catalog free.

L. J. FARMER, Box 829, Pulaski, N. ¥

REVERSIBLE SULKY PLOW

For
Hill-Side

and Will do equally good work on level land or hill-side; no ridges or dead furrows ;
Level lighter draft than a hand plow doing same work; power lift for raising plows;
Land adjustable pole does away with ali side strain and regulates width of furrow;

extra heavy improved steel wheels with dust cap and removable chilled
boxes. Constructed to meet the growing demand fora riding plow that
will do the work without leaving the land in ridges or dead =]
furrows. Successfully operated by anyone who can drive a team.
The Reversible Sulky Plow is a labor-saver and a money-maker for the up-to-date farmer,
fully described in a circular which we will send free, at the same time we will send our —_
catalog describing ‘“The Lovejoy Line’’ of Farm Tools. If we have no dealer near you
we want to make you a Special Price Proposition that will save you money.

THE LOVEJOY CO., ¢1¢ FOUNDRY STREET, CAMBRIDGE, N. Y.

HERITAGE

A Strawberry

New seedling that has never been excelled. Full par-
ticulars and Cultural Directions for the garden FREE.

J. E. HERITAGE, Marlton, N. J.

A Mess at all seasons

of Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

4 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

Be’ Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

Lo a
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Oulture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will

sent to the sameparty. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., St. Paul, Minn.

“% Growing Tomatoes for Quality,
Quantity and Earliness

is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. It
contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising
tomatoes. By this method you can have bigger and better fruit and weeks earlier
than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture; forcing the
fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every
gardener, whether he grows one dozen or one thousand vines. The subjects cover-
edare: History of the Tomato; ItsNature and Habit; Tomato Culture in General;
The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home-Grown Plants; Preparing the
Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking
the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 40 Tomato Recipes; Best Tomato Seeds.
The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants.

The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my garden this
season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from top to
bottom. This is the result of my method. It is easy to raise this kind of fruit
when you know how. Just send for my book—price 5oc., postage or money
order. Your money back if not satisfactory.

FREE SEED.—To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 days I
willsend FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties of early and
late tomatoes. I make this offerso that you will get ready now for your spring

rdening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rushis on. Send formy book-
et to-day and I know you will bethankful that you made such a wise investment.

m DEPT.O T. F. POTTER, Tomato Specialist, DOWNERS GROYE, Ill.

February Lessons for Northern
Gardeners

O YOU realize that you can grow figs
in your back yard and that you can
get a little fig tree sent to you by mail for
only twenty-five cents? No matter where
you live in the United States, this experi-
ment is worth trying, because figs are raised
even in Canada by putting them near a
sunny wall. At the approach of winter,
you can pull over your fig tree, lay it down,
cover it with earth and thus keep it for many
years.

Think of having orange trees in every
home yard in Washington, D. C., Baltimore,
Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis! Blessed
be the hardy orange (Citrus trifoliata)
which makes such a delightful vision pos-
sible. Nowadays all the citrous fruits are
grafted upon it, so that anyone in the latitude
of these cities who has half a dollar to spare
may have a real grape-fruit tree growing in
the open ground (not merely in a tub), or a
lemon tree, or one of those fascinating little
kumquats, the fruit of which is eaten whole—
rind and all.

How far north do you suppose the pecan is
hardy? It is worth planting even in Iowa
and Indiana. A good tree four to five feet
high and budded with one of the improved
varieties costs about $2.50, inciuding the
express from Georgia or Florida.

If you have a winter home in the Carolinas
or anywhere in the South, the proper thing
to do is to plant the things that Northerners
can never hope to have outdoors, e. g.,
oleanders, pomegranates, gardenias, crape
myrtles, camellias, Indian azaleas, Magnolia
grandiflora, live oaks, English holly, tea
olive, and the other precious Southern flowers
that are famed in song and story. Remem-
ber, the Southern planting season ends by
the middle of March. Better plant what
you want in February instead of losing a
year.

The unique plants of the Southern Alle-
ghanies are hardy even in New England.

Seed-Beds vs. Broadcasting

fe first time a man makes a garden,
he spades and rakes his ground and
scatters his seed broadcast, thinking that if the
plants are too crowded, he will thin them out,
but when the time comes for thinning he
invariably lacks the courage to thin them as
rigorously as he should, because it seems such
a waste to destroy so many promising little
plants. The result is that the flower bed
contains fewer and smaller flowers than if
each plant were given all the space it could
possibly cover.

The better way is to make a little seed-bed
and transplant from that just what plants
you need and no more. Then you are sure
of having the best plants and of having them
just the right distance apart. I doubt if
there is any more backache in one system
than in the other, and I am sure it is better
to have a reserve garden, to which you can
go at any time during the summer, in order
to get plants to fill gaps.

New Jersey. Tuomas McApam.

ie The Readers’ Servi 7
Frpruary, 1908 BEER EGO MIDS UNI uN IO Ac @VAUZATONGE), 9) egcceee, Sauce byenary te Ay

At the Jamestown Exposition

Meehans’ Mallow Marvels

The new creations in scientific plant-breeding,,received a Special Silver Medal Award.

This wonderful new plant has been a surprise to the plant world. The immense flowers are a revelation
to those who have seen them. Picture blooms in similar form to the illustration, measuring from 8 to over
10 inches in diameter!

The crowning beauty of these lovely flowers is in their gorgeous colorings. Rich, fiery crimson ; bright,
glowing red; soft shades of pink; and pure white.

In one season the plant develops into a beautiful bush from 6 to 8 feet high. A great deal of its beauty is in the
foliage, which is graceful and attractive, differing in this respect from the coarse leaves of our native kind.

From July until October, over three months, the flowers continue to appear in abundance. A note from
a physician in Wisconsin says that one plant has produced over 100 flowers.

Plant them in the shrubbery bed, perennial border, in groups on the lawn, along streams, or in almost
any position, and they will give greater pleasure than any other plant you could use.

Order at once. Some delayed last season until our stock of many sizes and colors was exhausted.

TWO-YEAR-OLD ROOTS
1 actual size Grand results are possible with these strong roots the first season, and you are assured of a wealth of bloom.
Crimson Mallow Marvel $2.00 each $15.0Q per 10

2.00 ae 15tOOM

ray lone SEO Manvel 5 2 pene:
A Garden Book of 80 pages FREE Dinkaialiows wate ho % On %
If you haveagarden,alawn,a flower BABY MALLOW MARVELS

border, or any ground at all, no matter

how large or small, you need our Here is an opportunity for the plant enthusiast. Two summers ago one of our experts selected and
Manual of Outdoor Plants. crossed, in accordance with the famous Mendel theory of selection, some of the very finest strains of our Mallow
A Seu De BEES CIS AUS Marvels. The progeny resulting from this cross will flower this summer for the first time. Most wonderful
ul illustrations from life photographs oe : p
ROthOUclanrstonced at the actual results are anticipated. The flowers should be a vast improvement on the present Mallow Marvels, having

size. Special rates are quoted where to a greater degree the rich coloring, immense flowers and exquisite form of the parent plants.

plants are wanted in quantity. There As assorted colors they will be sold this spring at the special price of
are hundreds of other suggestions,
-too, that the ordinary catalogue does 3 for $1.00

not contain. This book will be mailed

free to you. a. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc.

There is a special offer in it that will

interest every plant lover. Ready for I
Bae op aneaoucr Ready for Growers of Thrifty Trees and Hardy Plants

inReuruary: BOX 17, Germantown, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

To Increase Your Crops of
Fruit and Vegetables—

To Keep All the Green Things
Growing and Beautiful—

raction Power Auto-Spray No. 23

Brown's AUTO-SPRAY

We manufacture the Auto-Spray in 40 different styles
and sizes, and every one is guaranteed to give complete
satisfaction. Oursprayers have the endorsement of practi-
cally every Government and State Experiment Station,
and 250,000 Gardeners, Fruit Growers and Farmers.

THE AUTO-POP NOZZLE will double the efficiency of
any sprayer and may be had ox/y on our sprayers. It not
only does better work, but saves time, trouble and solution.

FOR LIGHT WORK, in most cases we recommend our
Auto-Spray No. 1. Its capacity is 4 gals.; it will handle
all kinds of solution; is conveniently carried over the shoul-
der, and 10 strokes of plunger generates pressure for 10
minutes’ spraying. For the man with small trees or 5
acres of garden to spray it is just the thing.

Riana awer Auto: FOR HEAVY WORK our traction outfits will be found

Send for Free Copy

“Great Crops

of Strawberries
and How to Grow Them”

If you want toknow how to grow big

crops of big red strawberries and how

to get big prices, send for our 1908 book.

Don’t think of getting along another

season until you have it. It tells all

about soil preparation, setting, mating.

pruning, cultivating, spraying, mulching,

picking, packing and marketing. All of

these essential features and many more are

explained in such a way that you can’t go

wrong. It was written right out in the straw-

berry field by a man who has made a fortune grow-

ing strawberries, and he tells you just exactly how he

does things. Beautifully illustrated, mighty interesting.
You may wonder how we can afford to send you this valuable book free. Well,

| you see it’s just like this:

WE HAVE THE LARGEST STRAWBERRY
PLANT FARM IN THE WORLD

and our Thoroughbred Pedigree Plants have won the world’s highest fruiting record.
They have lifted many a man out of failure and boosted him to triumphant success.
Perhaps you are one of those fellows who has an ambition to be the Strawberry King

of your section. If you have, and you ever read this book, it will opent your eves.
1 1 1. You will then see how easy it is to make money in the strawberry business when
apres, Non the most powerful, easily operated, efficient and economi you have the right kind of plants and follow the proper methods,

cal on the market. No expense for power, pressure being
developed by pump being geared to the wheels. No experienced man needed.
No. 23 shown here is adjustable for orchard, field and vineyard work.

~ Send for Large Catalog Today, and our Valuable Spraying Calendar —
Compiled by Prof. Slingerland of Cornell University of Agriculture.

It is a pleasure to grow strawberries when you can get bigger crops, bigger berries,
and bigger prices than the other fellow. This book shows you just how to do this
very thing. Itis crowded brim full of good things from beginning to end. Every
page has a picture of a strawberry or of a strawberry field, showing actual results
obtained by growers who use Thoroughbred Pedigree Plants. These fellows are
just bubbling over with enthusiasm, and that’s what helps a man over the rough
places, They say this book is worth its weight in gold. Wesay it is worth more—
it’s a regular gold mine to those who follow its instruction. Send and get one and
see for yourself ; your address—that’s all. The Book’s free.

R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 690, Three Rivers, Michigan.

They are free for the asking. Write today.
THE E. C. BROWN CO. 34 Jay Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

A Greenhouse To Fit
Your Want

Of course, you would take no little pleas-
ure in the choice flowers of many kinds
that can be grown in a greenhouse any time
of the year, but what of vegetables—the
actual utilitarian possibilities? Here is a
house located in the Highlands of the
Hudson, that 1s a regular winter vegetable
garden. It is 50 feet long and 18 wide.
A glass partition divides the house for
two different temperatures. The division
adjoining the potting house is filled with
cucumbers growing on a trellis at one
end; a rotation of three plantings of but-
ter beans on the side and center benches,
and two rows of tomatoes are on the
opposite side bench.

The other division is run cooler and
the end bench is all radishes and pars-
ley. Lettuce in five stages of growth, from
leaves just pricking through to solid crispy
heads, ready to eat, taking up the re-
maining space.

Perfection in vegetable raising is ob-
tained only when the growth is rapid. To
secure this result in greenhouses, requires
a house so constructed that the amount
of sunshine and light reaching the plants
shall be as near like an outdoors con-
dition as possible.

Houses built, with heavy supporting
framing members and shade casting gut-
ters at the eave, greatly decrease the light.
It is on this particular point that the
U-Bar construction excels. All heavy
structural parts are eliminated; the gutter
is placed on the sill, and the eave, with
its graceful curve, is left entirely free.
The glass is spaced 24 inches instead of
16 inches, and the interior finish is a
glistening coat of enduring aluminum paint.
Here then is the ideal vegetable or flower
growing house—the one nearest approach-
ing nature at her best.

You now see the importance of right green-
house construction, and why the U-bar
meets all these conditions. But send for the
catalog —the illustrations will prove to you
more than any amount of say-so from us.

PIERSON U-BAR CO.
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS
U-BAR GREENHOUSES
METROPOLITAN BUILDING

4th AVENUE AND 23rd STREET

NEW YORK

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about molar boats

EVERGREENS CAN BE
SAFELY TRANSPLANTED
IN WINTER— BY EXPERTS

Specimens 15 to 35 feet high are planted success-
fully in December, January and February by Hicks
Treemovers and Hicks expert men.

Now is the time to plan for spring planting of
Deciduous Trees supplied from our nurseries, up
to 35 feet high, and Evergreens in all sizes for
forestry and wind break planting.

ISAAC HICKS AND SON, Nurserymen—Scientific Treemovers
Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY, 1908

Feeding for Milk and Butter

DR se best rations for Jersey cows for
- butter making depends on the quantity
of milk given, the feed stuffs available, the
local prices and the capacity of the individual
cow; on this last point the feeder alone can
judge. If you wish to know the principles
of compounding rations, the standards for
different milk productions, and the analysis
of all common food stuffs consult Farmer’s
Bulletin No. 22.

As a sample, the following ration, for a
cow weighing 1,000 pounds and giving 8
quarts of milk daily, comes very close to the
standard: ro pounds clover hay, 10 pounds
corn fodder, 3 pounds corn meal, 3 pounds
wheat bran, 2 pounds Buffalo gluten meal.

Rations for milk or butter production do
not necessarily differ. The richness of milk
is not affected appreciably by the ration
unless the ration is excessively unbalanced;
but the quantity of milk is easily affected
by different feed stuffs. A Jersey cow should
reach her maximum production at about
six years of age after which age she falls
off more or less rapidly, depending on the
individual and the treatment. A moderate
well balanced ration will produce all that the
cow is capable of. Excessive feeding, as
when forcing for records, often results in
early decline.

In my herd, kept for business only, I aim
to sell the good cows when nine years old
unless they are exceptional individuals, and
replace with the most promising heifers of my
own breeding. Lacking these I buy elsewhere.

Penn. F. E. BONSTEEL.

A Good Small Churn

ERHAPS the best of the small churns for

home use is the barrel pattern, because

it is so easily kept in order. There are few

cracks in it to collect dirt and the concussion

while sufficiently strong to bring the butter

in a reasonable time yet is not so strong as
to break the grain of the butter.

The barrel churn is easily Kept clean

rs:

8
N

If You Understand Modern Methods and
FARM INTELLIGENTLY

_ Every reader of THE GARDEN Macazine who is
interested in farming or gardening, in the growing of
fruit or of flowers, is invited to send fora free copy of
our 80-page catalogue and full information in regard to
the Home Study Coursesin Agriculture, Horticulture,
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which we offer
under Prof. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural
College and Prof. Craig of the Cornell University.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept 8, Springfield, Mass.

SAVE YOUR TREES

_ Kill the fungi, scales, peach, curl and other parasites,
insects and bugs by spraying with a solution of

GOOD’S wneieon"" SOAP No.3

Insecticide and fertilizer combined. It dissolves quickly in water;
contains nothing harmful to plant life; and is used and endorsed by
State Experiment Stations and the

U. S. Department of Agriculture
Write for free booklet, ‘‘ A Pock2t Manual of Plant Diseases ”

JAMES GOOD
Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia

Apples 5¢e, Peach 5c, Plums 12c,
Cherries 17c. Best quality,
good bearers, grafted stock,
not seedlings. Concord
Grapes $2.50 per 100,

Forest Tree Seed-

complete line of

Vegetable, Flower

and Farm Seeds. Our
large illustrated catalog free.

GERMAN NURSERIES,
Box 96, BEATRICE, Neb.

Horsfords HAR

for Cold Climates*

Not only the hardiest shrubs, trees and vines will be found in
my new 1908 catalogue, but all the best lilies for outdoor culture,
wild flowers, ferns, orchids for shade, and the old-fashioned
perennials that can stand a Vermont winter. Even if you order
elsewhere you should know the hardiest kinds. Ask forcatalogue.
Customers of last two years will receive it without asking.

' F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont

KELSEY Warm Air Generator

FOR PROPER HOUSE HEATING
Kelsey Heating Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

Standard Steel Fence Posts

are to be driven. One-third cheaper
than wood posts; will last forever.
Posts made for all purposes; lawn, —
farm and field fencing. Plain,
barbed or woven wire fencing can be
used with the Standard Posts. 10,000
in use on one job in N, Y. State;
7,000 in use on another job in Mis-
souri. Factory near Pittsburg, Pa.
Write for catalogue and prices to
J. H. DOWNS,
299 Broadway, New York City

DATENTED.,

Fesprouary, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

43

Grand Duke Alexis

2 Postpaid for $1.00

including the one shown above and others of
equal merit. Cactus, show and fancy vari-
eties. All labeled. These are strong growing
plants that will give far better satisfaction than
They will be sent to you at the

Superb varieties
of Dahlias,

dry roots.
proper time for planting.

Send for catalogue describing hundreds of
varieties of Dahlias, Roses and other plants.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax Co., Va.

Specialties for Spring Planting—1908
Norway Maples, 2-23 inches and 23-3 inches in dia.
Japan Maples, assorted varieties, 1-3 feet.
Carolina Poplars, to—12 feet, 14-2 inches, extra fine.
Cal. Privet, 18-24 inches, 2-3 feet and 3-5 feet, XX 3
and 4 years old.
Dwarf Box, 3-6 inches.
Rhododendron Hybrids, choice varieties, 1-3 feet.
Rhododendron maximum and Kalmia Latifolia, fine plants,
1-6 feet, in carload lots.
Blue Spruce Kosteri, 1-5 feet.
Climbing and Hybrid Roses, choice varieties.
For a general list of trees and plants write for our
catalogue.
Pp. A. KEENE, VICE PRES.

THE MORRIS NURSERY CoO.
1 Madison Ave., New York

$35 in a Single Week |

has been earned by one woman with yard and garden flow-
ers. $5 to $25 a week can easily be earned by anyone live
ing within 20 miles of a large town. Whynot be more
successful with your flowers and at the same time earn
money with them? Youcan easily learn how, In my course,

Success With Flowers

for Pleasure and Profit, three practical and expert growers
give their latest and best methods of earning money with
flowers, For only a 2-cent stamp 1 will gladly send my
plan to help you, and a packet of my new Giant Premo
Aster worth 15 cts.

MRS. A. FACKLER, Box 729, Linglestown,Pa.

Write metoday. Last year many said:
“1f only I had written to you earlier! ’’

Jou can Grow Lihes Like [hese

Five bulbs in an 8-inch pot will develop in 8 to 12 weeks into beautiful, fragrant blooms
of the purest white. They are tube-shaped, from 1o to 12 inches long, and widely expanded.
The fragrance is indescribably rich—gardenia-like—the most positive and distinct of any lily.
The stems are wiry, yet strong, gracefully holding the great white trumpets above a drooping,
rich, green foliage.

This new Lily was discovered in our New Island Possessions in the Pacific. It comes
from a high latitude in the district of Benguet, and is named

The Philippine Lily

The wonderful beauty, rich fragrance and ease with which it grows and blossoms make it
a bulb suitable for house and garden culture. Any woman with a window garden or stoop-
conservatory can successfully grow this lily with no worry, and small chance for disappointment.
It responds better under amateur culture than the Bermuda or regulation ‘“‘Easter Lily.” It is
free from disease and consequently vigorous in habit.

In flower-garden and in border-planting it is a great acquisition, its purity and fragrance
at once attracting and commanding attention.

Why not enjoy this delightful flower in your own home? Send to us for bulbs, watch
its superb trumpets unfold, and you’ll thank us for the weeks of pleasure thus easily obtained.

Prices—One vigorous, hardy bulb sent postpaid for 25c, or five for $1.00. Cultural direc-
tions sent with each order. Do not fail to see our Dahlia advertisement in next issue. Send for
price-list of our bulbs and plants.

Address, CUSHMAN GLADIOLUS CO.,

Lock Box 6 SYLVANIA, OHIO

Free Coupon ==)

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STORY Hi cl MISTORY
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44

The Readers’ Service will put you

in touch with reliable nurserymen THE GARDEN MA GAZINE Pees 1908

FEBRUARY: fin ‘Yor your
G ARDEN’S Spring and
Summer Glory
Our Spring Catalogue ready this January
will help you. Send for it. It is free.

Contains Full lists and descriptions of :

Vegetable and Flower Seeds
BULBS of all climes and sorts
ORNAMENTAL Plants

Vines and Creepers

Novelties for 1908

We were the PIONEERS in the importation of
all horticultural products from Japan. Begin-
ning in the year 1877 we have steadily increased
these imports and gathered EXPERIENCE of
what is most suitable for this climate.

We furnish in Best quality,

ROYAL Iris Kaempferi and other

interesting Japan Iris sorts

EXQUISITE Rare Tree and Herba-
ceous Pzonias

Gorgeous array of Lilies
Dainty Morning Glories
Multicolored Maples
Graceful Bambusas

Quaint and unique Miniature Plants
in Jardinieres

Japanese delicious VEGETABLE
seeds

Rare Flower seeds

Our latest NOVELTY from Japan

Teddy Bear Fernball. See the little fellow.
He is now dormant, but soak him in water
hang him up and
you can watch
his dainty coat of
lacy ferns grow
from day to day.

$1.00 will bring
him to you in a
box, delivery
included.

He isa most at-
tractive ornament
for any room or
window.

NOW, $1.00 INCLUDING DELIVERY

Address H. H. BERGER & CO.
(0 Warren St., New York City

hat will
pur Fruit Profits

It tells how the veteran editor

of Green’s Fruit Grower, who

Was first a banker, succeeded in
Fruit Crowing. It gives in detail,
step bystep, his thirty years suc-
Cess in growing strawberries, rasp-
berries, blackberries, grapes, ap-
les, peaches, pears and cherries,

€ tells how to Propagate fruit and
shows beginners how to start.

This Book is Free

also @ copy of Green’s Fruit
Magazine. Postal bringsthem.

Green’s Frult Grower Co.,
Box 145,
BOOK FOR Rochester, N.Y,
1 CENT

SUMMER TREATMENT OF CALLAS

E. O. U., Fla.—In Florida the calla lily may be left in the
open ground during the summer or dug and stored during
June, July, and August, whichever is the most convenient.

DUTCH BULBS IN FLORIDA

E. O. U., Fla.—Tulips’and other Dutch bulbs will not
succeed in Southern Florida, the climate is not cool
enough. At rare interval hyacinths will flower; in any case
the bulbs will not live over.

HOW TO PROPAGATE CLEMATIS

M. E. L., Colo.—The different species of clematis may
be propagated by seed but the varieties and numerous hy-
brids, like Jackmanii, can be propagated only by grafting,
cuttings, or layers. For grafting (which is not practical
unless one has a greenhouse), the roots of C. flammula or
C. viticella are used as stocks. The cions are taken from
plants grown under glass; cions taken from plants growing
in the open do not seem to succeed. After the cions have
been inserted the plants are put in a moist, cool house and
given a gentle bottom heat. One of the biggest growers of
clematis in this country propagates most of his plants by
cuttings. The work is done in May or June, and neces-
sitates a cutting bench which has bottom heat. A home-
made cutting bench which will answer your purposes can
easily be made by following Mr. Doogue’s suggestions on
page 166 of the November, 1905, Garpen Macazine.
Use young or growing wood; hardwood cuttings will not
strike as well. If you cannot make cuttings, the clematis
may be increased by layering. ‘This is done in the early
summer. Give every other joint a twist which will split
the bark lengthwise; then bury the stems in soil until the
following spring, when they should have roots.

ENGLISH WALNUT IN IOWA

H. E. D., lowa—It is not advisable to plant the English
walnut in Iowa. The twigs kill backfor a distance of one-
half to two-thirds of the new growth each year, and most of
the time the tree looks like a patient that ought to be in the
hospital. There is a specimen growing on the campus of
the agricultural college at Ames which is twelve to fifteen
years old and scarcely that number of feet high—A. T.
Erwin.

THE WESTERN BEAN BEETLE

M. E. L., Colo.—It seems almost certain that the insect
injuring your beans is the Western bean beetle (Epilachna
corrupta). This insect is found in the foothills in both Colo-
rado and New Mexico. It is by far the worst insect pest
that the bean growers have to contend with; it is to the bean
what the Colorado potato beetle is to the potato. The in-
sect is one of the lady beetles but feeds upon vegetable tissue
rather than upon plant lice and other small insects, the nor-
mal habit of this family of beetles. The bean beetle is a
very difficult insect to destroy by the use of insecticides. In
fact, I have only been able to obtain partial success when
using any of the common insecticides. The bean is so ten-
der that Paris green, London purple, or arsenite of lime in a
strength sufficiently strong to kill the beetles will also kill
the plants. I have been able to use arsenate of lead, one
pound to twenty gallons of water, with fairly good success,
but it was not entirely satisfactory. Kerosene emulsion
thoroughly sprayed upon the beans, taking pains to wet
the under sides of the leaves, has also been fairly success-
ful in killing the small grubs that are feeding upon the
leaves. The most effective method of killing these beetles is
by brushing them up on'the hot ground during the middle of
the day when the sun is hottest. If the ground is kept clean
of weeds so as not to be shaded, and the day is clear, very
few either of the adult beetles or their larve are able to get
back upon the plants before being killed by the heat.—C.
P. GILLetre,

Clovers

vers and Timothy

seed in the world.
We make a great
specialty of

Timothy Medium Red Clover
Mammoth Red Clover
Alfalfa Clover Alsike Clover
Blue and Red Tep Grasses

Salzer’s 20th Century strain of above
seed is positively the purest seed on earth.

SALZER’S,

Great Catalog

Contains a splendid array
of pedigree seeds for the
American Farmer. It’s the
only original seed book pub-
lished—brim full ef bristling
seed facts. It is gladly
mailed to yeu, also samples
of clovers upon receipt of 10c
to cover postage.

John A. Salzer Seed Co,

11High St., LaCrosse, Wis.

sanOF FR
SEEDS e
Two Packets for Trial.

We send two regular sized packets of our superior
Garden Seed, your selection, and our Big 1908 Seed
Manual absolutely Free to all new inquiries. We are
anxious to increase our number of customers is the
reason we make this generous offer.

If you give Our Seeds a trial, we are confident you

would be one of our customers. Write today for our
1908 Seed Catalogue.

A. A. BERRY SEED CO. Box 243. CLARINDA, IA.

MAKE MONEY |
GROWING VIOLETS

The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can
make money all winter growing them in your own
window garden in pots and boxes, or outdoors in a
cheap cold frame. Hundreds of blossoms easily
grown and quickly sold at handsome profit. A
fascinating occupation for everybody. Write to-day
for our FREE BOOKLET, “Money Making With

Costs Violets.*? It will interest and surprise you.

Little to DEPT. 8, ELITE CONSERVATORIES
Start 4 DEDHAM, MASS.

The Illinois Self Watering Flower

Boxes

Need attention only once in every three weeks. Made of
best quality Galvanized Iron. Will last for many years.
For Windows, Porches and Hanging Baskets. For
Winter and Summer Use.

Our beautiful booklet sent free.
Illinois Heater Co., 3949 Wentworth Ave., Chicago

I have the largest stock of
+ Thrifty Plants in New

3! England. I have been sell-
sue ing Plants True to Name
“aq for forty years. My cata-
ey logue is unique, not like any
<8 other. Free. Send for it.
STRAWBERRY PRATT
READING, MASS.

FreBRUARY,

1908

enasco
Ready
oofing

For residences, factories,
warehouses, farm buildings

The only roofing water-
proofed entirely with natu-
ral asphalt—Trinidad Lake
Asphalt—the greatest
weather-resister known.

Smooth or mineral surface. Several weights.
Ask any wideawake dealer. Refuse imitations
and substitutes. Write for Book 60 and
samples.

THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world

PHILADELPHIA

New York San Francisco Chicago

Pets GIVE Nai
PACKETS TRIAL

SEND NOW for my 1908 Catalog, and if no member of

your family has received one (and you so state and also send

me the addresses of two others who grow flowers,) I will
\ send with catalog a coupon good for

W Five Full Packets of Flower Seeds,

your selection from any kinds listed in my calalog at 3 cts.
~each—oyer 30 popular sorts to choose from. They will be
mailed you promptly, with my booklet, ‘‘Culture of Flowers,”
absolutely free. Address at once.

MISS EMMA V. WHITE, Seedswoman
3014 Aldrich Ave. So., Minneapolis, Minn.

We manufacture the

“AMERICAN”? MACHINERY

for the following described work:

Well, drilling and prospecting, rotary and coring
work, Deep well ‘Pumping machinery, Air Com-
pressors for all duties, Centrifugal Pumps for irriga-
tion and reclamation purposes.

We should be glad to mail printed matter to in-
terested applicants. Ask for Circular GM.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS
Aurora, Ill. or 1st Natl. Bank Bldg., Chicago

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service 1s prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

A Greenhouse

For Comparatively Little Money

ERHAPS our talks for the last three months on
P how to make money with a greenhouse, have
not appealed to you. You are not particularly
interested in that side of the question. What you
are interested in is a house big enough to grow
a few of the choicer flowers and vegetables all
the seasons through. You may not care to put
very much money in such a house at the start—and
don’t want it so large that the care of it will add to
the expenseofrunning. Yousimply want astraight
away, practical little house that is constructed to
grow things to the best advantage and that is so
well built that repairs will be a long way off.

A house eleven feet wide and, say about thirty or
fifty long makes a splendid little layout that will
give you two side benches 3 feet wide, with a 3 foot
center walk.

You can attach the
house directly to some
building you already
have, and by putting a
pit under the building
large enough for the
boiler,save the expense
of erecting a potting
room.

Masonry founda-
tions, of course, have
a look of stability and
endurance, but if you
don’t care about hav-
ing the foundations in
any particular har-
mony with those of
existing buildings,

we at 8

Here is a bench of tomatoes as they looked a year ago last February

then the expense can be considerably cut down by
using boarded or shingled sides and running the
iron posts into the ground and imbedding them in
concrete. With our special way of doing this it
makes every bit as warm a house.

All the materials for constructing the Sectional
Iron Frame House of ours are cut and fitted at the
factory. When the materials are shipped they are
all ready for immediate erection, which will be a
great saving to you in no little time and expense.

We will sell you the materials alone for such a
house, or erect it complete, just as you prefer. In
either case you will have the ideal greenhouse con-
struction. One that is far in advance of any other
in every way, and because of its Sectional Construc-
tion can easily and cheaply be added to.

Now is one of the very best times to take the
question up. In fact,
in many parts of the
country the building
could go ahead at once.
Let us send you more
information about this
greenhouse for com-
paratively littlemoney.

Lorp& BuRNHAM
COMPANY

New York Offices,

1133 Broadway, Cor.

26th Street, Boston

Branch, 819 Tremont

2 ‘ * Bldg., Philadelphia

| ea : A Branch, 1215 Filbert
Street.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive
there. There is no soilso light and sandy but that some of our hardy wild

ferns will beautify it.
and flowers and know what is suited to each condition,

For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns
We can supply

ferns for the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our

native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates.

Wet and

swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the

home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns.

We also grow the hardy

flowers which require open sunlight —primroses, campanulas, digitalis,

violets, etc,

Write for my descriptive catalogue.

EDWARD GILLETT,

It tells about this class of plants.

Southwick, Mass.

45

Ij you are planning to build the Readers’
46 Service can ojten give helpful suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY, 1908

in the same soil, with the same seed, labor and
farm expenses, gives from

Two to Three Times the Yield of

POTATOES

Facts are better than any amount of talk. If
you want proof of the facts, let us send you our

Free Book “Profitable Farming”’
| It gives the certified reports of a great number
of experiments made by farmers. It is brimful of scientific, prac-
tical, money-making information. Write for it to-day. Address

GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St. New York.

Chicago—Monadnock Building Atlanta, Ga.—l224 Candler Building

GROWN IN NEW JERSEY ¢

under soiland climate advantages—and ready
to start growth again, anywhere, as soon as
planted. Pomona Nurseries

TREES AND PLANTS

are the satisfactory kind. A complete as-
sortment especially strong in Hardy Flow-
ering Shrubs, Evergreens and Strawberry
Plants. Landscape plans prepared and
executed. Catalog free.

T. E. Steele, Dept. 22, Palmyra, N. J.

WM. TRICKER
Specialist in Water Lilies and Hardy Peren-

nial Plants. Expert in laying out and plant-
ing Water Gardens, Pools, Basins, etc.

518 Chestnut St., Arlington, N. J.

Strong, Healthy, Choice Nursery Stock

p We offer for Spring of 1908 the finest and largest assortment of Fruits and Ornamentals that we have ever grown and

=) they cannot be surpassed.

Write to-day for our Free Illustrated Catalogue which will show you just what you want for your Spring Planting.

Weare always pleased to quote special prices on your list and can give you the right figures for the right stock.
We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Don’t place your order until you get our prices.

T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York

FRUIT TREES

Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Carolina Pop-
lars, healthy and /wmigated, as cheap as $5.00 per 100.
Freight paid. Guaranteed true to name. All trees, plants
at low wholesale prices. We meet other reliable Nur-
Series in quality and prices. Send for catalogue.

RELIANCE NURSERY CO., ** Geneva, N. Y.

NEW ENGLAND NURSERY STOCK

Superior in Selection, Hardiness and Quality. Send
for free Catalogue. Evergreens in Tubs a specialty.
Choice varieties for immediate delivery.

THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, INC.
BEDFORD, MASS.

-ses“HORICUM’ iss

TRADE MARK

LIME, SULPHUR and SALT CONCENTRATED
THE SAN JOSE SCALE KILLER

For Fall or Spring Use

We aim to kill scale and not trees. One spraying will not kill all the scale. Many of them get under
the rough bark. ‘They are very minute, but their multitude makes the San Jose Scale a plague like the
plagues of Egypt.

**Horicum” jis Simple, Strong, and Ready for Use.

Put up in any size.
GLENSIDE, Pa., Dec. 17, 1907.
Mr. BENJAMIN HAammonp, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Dear Sir :—On Dec. 3rd, I wrote you relative to Horicum. I desire to get a
supply for myself and neighbors. I would very much like to get this fresh, as to
my mind it-is excellent for the San Jose Scale. Ihad a sickel pear tree that was all but gone, but Horicum cer-
tainly saved it; last year I had fruit on it, and with the exception of a little scale on the topmost branches, was
perfectly clear of scale, quite a difference to the year before when it was literally alive with scale. Kindly
reply at once and oblige, Yours very truly, H. J. HINDS.

EE a
San Jose Scale on @ Peary,

Sold by Seedsmen. Send for pamphlets, worth having, to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS

Fishkill-on=Hudson, = = = = = = NEW YORK

‘‘Hogging Down’’ Corn

ee plan of “hogging down” corn is an
old practice in this section. The great
gain is, of course, in the saving of the labor
of gathering the corn; but it is also claimed
that the hogs will fatten faster than in yards
and that their running in the field will be
a benefit to the land. In a twenty-acre
field which produces about thirty-five bushels
to the acre it has been found that a hundred
pigs turned loose in the field at one hundred
and twenty-five pounds, within eight weeks
will weigh on the average two hundred
pounds.

It has its advantages and its disadvantages.
Some regard it as a profitable practice;
others do not. As in most cases profit
is governed largely by individual circum-
stances. The saving of labor is, of course,
a considerable item; but against this must
be placed the inevitable waste of corn. This
may be very small or decidedly large, de-
pending chiefly on weather conditions. In
fair weather the pigs will get most of the
corn, but in rainy seasons they will trample
much of it into the ground where it will decay
and be lost. It may safely be said in passing
that no one who has tried this method would
think it good practice to turn a hundred hogs
into a twenty-acre field. Over such a large
area they would naturally tear down a great
deal more corn than they could use within
a reasonable time. The right way would
be to cut the field into four lots, and let the
hogs clean up one lot ata time. The benefit
to the land depends largely on the prevailing
weather conditions. Leaving the stalks and
the manure on the land is necessarily help-
ful; and the rooting of the pigs may be
advantageous when the soil is dry. When
it is wet, however, their trampling, rooting
and wallowing will be injurious.

As to whether the pigs will fatten faster
in the field than in a yard is an open question.
It is good for a pig to root in the dirt, but
there are times when this rooting hinders,
instead of helps the fattening process. Too
much exercise is not conducive to rapid
fattening, and a twenty-acre range would
tend to the development of muscle rather
than of fat. In a lot the swine are likely
to be fed on corn alone, while in a field they
will secure more or less animal food, and if
the corn has been supplemented by a hberal
sowing of cowpeas or rape, will get a much
better balanced ration. Certain it is that
a gain of seventy-five hundred pounds of
pork on seven hundred bushels of corn
with the hogs doing their own gather-
ing is a very good record indeed; too good,
in fact, to be counted on under ordinary
conditions.

In conclusion it may. be said that where
this method is to be followed the better plan
is to have comparatively small fields; and
to plant cowpeas or rape or pumpkins with
the corn. For best results, too, there should
be a lot nearby where the hogs can be driven
if protracted rainy weather comes. For
during such weather it is not good for either
the land or the pigs to have them loose in
the fields.

Tennessee

E. E. MILLER.

THE

Freepruary 1908

Out of Sight After the Wash

Fold it up, put it away. No

Disfiguring clothes posts to mar
thelawn. Holds 150 ft. of line.
The sensible clothes dryer for
particular people—at prices
within reach of all. Write for
Catalog 39. Do it now.

HILL DRYER CO.
359 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions as to garden furniture

47

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Most ready roofings require
a heavy coat of paint as a wear-
ing surface every year or two.
Otherwise they soon leak.
Paint and labor cost money and
trouble, but all smooth-surfaced
roofings demand such attention
or the weather will quickly
ruin them. ;
Suppose you could get a paint
for your ready roofing that
would last aslong asthe roofing
and never need to be renewed ?
You would buy it, wouldn’t you?

Y @

nue

ROOFING

roofing had a special mineral
surface that didn’t ever need
any paint? Wouldn’t you buy
that? Of course you would.

If you send for a Free sample
of Amatite and booklet about it,
you will find it exactly fills your
bill. The mineral surface of
Amatite will outwear any paint,
and generally lasts as long as
the building without any care
at all. Investigate before you
buy painted roofings.

Address nearest office.

Also Balcony Dryers.
; Suppose (better yet) that the
BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
New York Chicago Philadelphia Cleveland Cincinnati_ Minneapolis
s Boston St. Louis Allegheny Kansas City New Orleans London, Eng,
Storage House at Pittston, Pa.

Our patterns or materials cost you only half the
price asked by others.

all Wal piste

eS
UO
NUN Yayitaeeeee: os

BUILD YOUR OWN BOAT

We arethe largest builders of pleasure boats in the world. We sell
you full size working patterns, knock-down frames and materials
from bone-dry stock, at half the price asked by others. We use these
Patterns and stock every day in building our regular boats. You
are not buying theories. Catalog free.

| DETROIT BUAT ©0., = No. 87 Bellevue Ave., DETROIT, MICH.

Blooming Size Pansies

For immediate effect in flower beds, win-
“BONORA”

dow boxes, etc., at wholesale prices.
Will make your plants bloom

35c per doz.
THE ANDERSON FLORAL CO.

profusely through the winter
and grow luxuriously in the

533 Marshall Ave. Anderson, S. C.
sping. Order direct or

through your dealer.

RENOVATING
C O U N a: R Y Tiepeeaituine
GROUNDS Botsnting arees

and Sbrubs
Sewage
Disposal
Mlithout
FRANK HAMILTON Seine
r ontrac
Landscape Architect ono r Ib, making 28 gallons, postpaid, $63

55 Liberty St., NEW YORK @ommission Bi ane a
BONORA CHEMICAL CO., 488-492 Broadway, N.Y.

SUBURBAN

GARDENERS

Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for
the easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden,
Think of one pair of easy-going handles performing every opera-
tion from the opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature's
reward and you have a slight idea of Iron Age methods. p
Whether you plant a hill, a row or an acre, whether you do it
yourself or employ others, you must know about these Iron }
"=. Age labor saving, yield-increasing implements if you want
A to get the full return for your labor or investment. The
*\ Iron Age Book will be forwarded upon request to readers of
Garden Magazine-Farming. Read it and be a better gardener.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J.

THE GREATEST DISCOVERY ) })
OF MODERN TIMES-
PLANT F0}

ELLEN GLASGOW’S BOOKS
The Ancient Law. The Battle-ground.
The Wheel of Life. The Voice of the People.
The Deliverance. The Freeman and Other Poems. =
Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. BY
BonorA CHEMICAL CO. || 3 :
584 Broaowsr. NewYORK Put up in dry form in all

size packages as follows:

Fine Ornamental Shrubs
and Hardy Perennials

We have a very large stock embrac-
ing all kinds and varieties which we
guarantee to be vigorous, healthy and
true to name.

Our principal business is with large
Estates and Parks, but we give the
same care and attention to filling the
smallest orders for home grounds.

Write at once for our complete cata-

logue which is mailed free.

Aurora, Ills.

Aurora Nurseries

ri

48 ie eee OMe EWNIRIDION NAGCAZTINE Damamins, 1D0e

IF YOU ARE
GOING TO BUILD

ONCRETE is the medium for
permanent, economical and
artistic results. For a house,
stable or garage, a sidewalk,

wall or ornament, a swimming pool,
fountain or pergola—for any thing that
can be built concrete must receive due
consideration.

CEMENT AGE

is a publication devoted to cement and its uses.

It discusses the various applications of concrete,

: " accompanied with diagrams, illustrations and

One of the most artistic concrete residences in the United States. Described cost estimates. Its columns, month by month,

an BO I Pe Cin present a complete symposium of the advance

of this most important industry. No person

interested in any way in real estate or in the building trad©S can afford to be ignorant of its contents. Ihe

home owner, the farmer, the florist—each should keep abreast of the times with regard to the developments and

applications of concrete. CEMENT AGE is written for the layman and not in the language of the technician;
its articles are interesting and comprehensible.

SPECIAL OFFER—Good Only Until March Ist

ON MARCH ist, THE YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION PRICE OF CEMENT AGE WILL BE INCREASED TO $1.50.

Until then we will accept subscriptions for as many years as you wish at the old price of one dollar per year. Send in your subscriptions NOW.

The June, 1907, House Building Number of CEMENT AGE contains the prize winning designs in a national competition for medium
priced concrete houses. Designs show elevations and floor plans. Itemized costs of construction are given in each case.

The January, 1908, Design, Decoration and Development Number shows the artistic results obtainable in concrete, the latest and best types
of concrete residences and business structures, the development of concrete and its applications to date.

These are special double numbers and ean be secured for25c each. The Design, Decoration and Development Number will be sent free
to mew subscribers who request it. The House Building Number.will be sent on receipt of price.

If you intend subscribing or purchasing the double numbers DO IT NOW!

CEMENT AGE

Brunswick Building, New York

‘A Kalamazoo |

Direct to You’

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

We have more than 100,000 satisfied customers in more than 17,000 cities, villages and towns in
the United States who have each saved from $5 to $40 by buyinga Kalamazoo stove or range on

360 DAYS APPROVAL

direct from our factory at actual factory prices. No stove or range has a higher reputation
or gives better satisfaction. You run no risk. You save all dealers’ profits. We
pay the freight. Send Postal For Catalog No. 472
and see list of towns where we have satisfied customers.
KALAMAZOO STOVE COMPANY, MFRS., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

Our patent oven thermometer makes baking and
roasting easy.

~The Floral-Candelabrum | Bast Bridgewater Dahlia Gardens

New—Artistic—Economical

Consists of three parts: Candlestick The Headquarters of the Dahlia
Flower-holder, and Bowl made ofsoli
brass, satin finished or nickel-plated;
parts can be used separately.

We are the largest and most up-to-

The ideal table decoration combining the date Dahlia Growers in America
effe et of electric light and fiowers.
Send for deseriptive circular and prices. Send to the EASTERN DAHLIA KING for Free Catalogue

S. M. PRUDEN, La Grange, Ill.
Patent Pending

J. K. ALEXANDER, East Bridgewater, Mass.

Picturesque Summer Residences

should be made to fit into the landscape and
harmonize with nature, by staining them with

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

The colors are soft, deep and velvety (no

gloss), and the browns, grays and greens are
in perfect tune with the bark, rocks, moss
and foliage. Made of Creosote, “the best
wood preservative known.”

Samples of Stained Wood, with Chart of
Color Combinations, sent on. application.

SAMUEL CABOT (Inc.), Sole Mirs., 1 Oliver Street, BOSTON, MASS. A STAINED HOUSEBOAT
Agents at all Central Points Silas B. Duffield, Fr., Designer, Boston

When to Sow Artichoke Seed

I DO NOT agree with the article on arti-
chokes on page 238 of the December
GaRDEN Macazine. For the last five
years I have been experimenting with
artichoke, and have sowed the seed in nearly
every month; I have also tried separating
in spring, and in fact there is no method I
ever heard of that I have not tried, as well
as testing out ideas of my own. I found
that the artichoke is a tender perennial,
and it is quite an effort to winter it in the
open because of its liability to decay at the
crown. From seed sown in August (at the
same time as I sow other perennials or bienni-
als like campanulas, etc.), I have had 95 per
cent. head. Last summer, there were three
rows of artichokes in my garden, two of which
were from early winter sowings and one
from August sowing. The August-sown
plants showed buds of a good size and
quality, although the plants were consider-
ably smaller than the winter-sown plants.

I sow the seed on August 1st and keep
the plants potted on and growing until
fall, when they will, although very small,
be in six-inch pots. They are wintered in
a cold-frame and planted out early in
spring. ;

I assert positively that from July 15th
to August 15th is the time to sow artichoke
seed. The majority of the plants sent out
by dealers are undoubtedly early-sown plants,
but a mistake has been made in keeping
the plants growing. By my method the
plant gets a winter rest, which tends to ripen
the crown, and when it is started growing
the following season it soon forms flowering
heads. I have a few plants from August-
sown seed and would be pleased to send
one or two to anyone who is desirous of
trying my method. ;

Long Island. W. C. McCottom.

The Only Way to Have Home-
grown Peppers

The large mild sweet peppers, which have
been bred for use in salads, can be had only
by starting them in a hotbed in March. You
cannot expect to raise good ones by the aid
of a coldframe. Artificial heat is necessary
such as that which is supplied without cost
by fermenting manure.

Of course, one may buy young pepper
plants locally in May when they should be
set outdoors, but a single plant costs more
than an entire packet of seeds, and you cannot
be sure of the variety.

A pepper that has a delicious flavor without the
“bite’—Cheney Giant

FEBRUARY, 1908

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E Service can often oa helpful SHEEEMIIOUS 49

Our Special Hard--Stiff--
Springy--LIVE Steel

The development of American Fence. The years of experimenting. The
hundreds of thousands of dollars which we have invested in perfecting machinery
and producing the grade of special steel to make American Fence what it is today.

Z That is a
ee long story.
=~ What vitally interests
= you is the result of this
~ greatoutlay oftimeand money.
What you want to know is that:—
~ We have succeeded in producing a
E special steel that is perfectly adaptable for
fence making. By the use of this special steel,
galvanized by our perfected process, the value of

AMERICAN FENGE

— to the user is greatly increased. We firmly believe it to be as near

absolute perfection as possible for the purpose.

Wire drawn from the steel

is hard but not brittle. It is stiffand springy but pliable enough to be properly
spliced. It is live steel—not dead steel. So that every wire in American Fence
as now made is alive wire, doing business all the time and—
Always absolutely reliable against emergencies.

Dealers everywhere—one in your town.

See him—examine the different styles

—test—compare—and judge the merits of the fence.

GARDEN FURNITURE

Plan Your Garden for the Future

Settle your ideas of what you want to do or intend to
do. Construct your plan and work with that ultimate
end in view.

Where the Garden Scheme permits of Formal treat-
ment, the Terrace, Balustrading, Steps and Fountains
should be planned at one time.

Most Garden pieces are stationary. A Wall Fountain
that would go well with your Garden now may not be
at all appropriate finally.

If at present you only need a Vase to break the mono-
tony of the wall, or a Sundial Pedestal for some plot, or
possibly a Table or a Bench for the Tennis Court,which
afterwards would be used to help out the Pergola yet to
be built, purchase these pieces with the ultimate scheme
always in mind.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS have every facility to help
you, or to collaborate with your Architect in the planning
and furnishing of your Garden, and in our Studios, we show
the most complete collection of Garden Furniture. If
you are interested in furnishing your Garden write us.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS
Six West Fifteenth Street, New York, N. Y.

American Steel & Wire Co.,
Chicago New York Denver

San Francisco

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Have for upwards of 70 years been recognized as leaders
in the production of HIGH GRADE

TREES

Shrubs, Roses and Hardy Plants

The fame of these great Nurseries has extended over the
length and breadth of this country, as well as to all parts
of the civilized world. They are prepared for the Spring
season of 1908 with their usual large and exclusive collec-
tions at prices consistent with the high quality of the
goods furnished.

They have no agents, but sell their products through
the medium of a complete Illustrated Descriptive Cata-
logue which gives prices and contains full cultural direc-
tions.

e410 of this Catalogue is now ready
Superb New Edition and will be mailed free upon

request.

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Rochester, N. Y.

The Readers’ Service gives
50 information about Real Estate

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FEBRUARY, 190

“The race is not always
to the swift; nor the
_ battle to the strong” —

and it often happens that for quality
goods you must go to the little shop
around the corner from the big
department store.

The Adams stock of seeds and bulbs
cannot be excelled for quality and
variety—everything of the very best.

The “Little Green Book” Free—

this engraving is a reproduction of
its cover. I shall be glad tosend a
copy to any Garden Magazine reader
who writes for it. It pays to plant
your garden by the Adams method!
The book tellsalland contains Peter’s
selected list of choiceseeds and bulbs.

HENRY SAXTON ADAMS
Wellesley, Mass.

Ll

Over half a century of fair dealing has given our products that prom.nence which merit deserves.

Everything of the best for
Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park, Street,

Garden and Greenhouse
Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Shrubs, Small Trees, Etc.

by mail, postpaid—safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed: larger by express or freight. Hun-
dreds of car loads of FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. If in want of Fruit or
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, etc., send for Catalogue No. 1, 112pages. If Seeds, Bulbs, Roses, Palms,
Ferns, Geraniums and Greenhouse Plants in general, Catalogue No. 2, 168 pages; both FREE.
Immense stock of superb and choice CANNAS—the queen of bedding plants. PAEONIES
and other perennial hardy plants in largesupply. Direct deal will insure you the best and save
youmoney. 54years. 1200 acres, 44 greenhouses.
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 97, PAINESVILLE, OHIO

“SCALECIDE' Gull!

HAS MADE SPRAYING EASY. Taek WEx,NECUECT

The N. Y. Herald, November 17, 07, says: “The chances are about a hundred to one that you have
the San Jose Scale on your place and do not know it,” and advises the use of “SCALECIDE.” This is
good advice. ~SCALECIDE” has been tested and tried and found thoroughly effective. The same
yesterday, to-day and allthe time. One gallon makes 15 to 20 ready to use by simply adding water.
Prices: 1 gal., $1.00; 5 gal., $3.25;10 gal., $6.00: 50 gal. bbl., $25.00, F. O. B. our factory. Order
to-day. Write for booklet I, and free sample.

B. G. PRATT COMPANY, Mfg. Chemists, 11 Broadway, N. Y. City.

BODDINGTON’S
QUALITY SEEDS
ARE FAMOUS!

The New Gigantic Orchid Flowering Cosmos

LADY LENOX

The most striking flower seed novelty disseminated in
years and which will be introduced in 1908

THIS GIGANTIC COSMOS is the forerunner
of an entirely new race of Cosmos. It is of extra-
ordinary size and beauty. Visitors to the floral ex-
hibitions Jast autumn were enraptured with its
size and magnificent color.

SIZE OF FLOWER—-5 #0 6 inches in diameter.
COLOR. A delightful skell-pink, lighting up beau-
tifully at night. FORM OF FLOWER. Oval
petals of splendid substance, forming a perfectly cir-
cular flower which, when cut, lasts anunusual length
of time in water. HABIT OF PLANT. Strong
and vigorous, growing 6 to 7 feet high. Flowers
may be cut with any length of stem up to 5 feet.

Awarded a first class certificate of merit at New
York and all the leading chrysanthemum exhibi-
tions during the fall of 1907.

Price per packet containing 50 seeds, 25c.
5 pkts. for $1.00. Mailed free

OUR 1908 CATALOGUE, a compendium of horticulture,
is devoted to Quality seeds, buibs and plants, all of the high-
est grade procurable and from the most reliaSle specialists 77
the world, and contains an dlustrated colored plate of the de-
lightful cosmos, Lady Lenox, besides one hundred and twenty
pages Jeautifully ilustrated wiih half-tone engravings from
original photographs, and giving lengthy and useful cultural
directions for growing successfully seeds, lilies, roses, etc. Al\
contained in @ wnzgue poster designed cover in colors. We will
mail it to you free when published if you will send in your
name and address to-day.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON

(SEEDSIIAN) DEPT. S
342 W. 14th Street = New York City

Have A Leanto Grapery Like This One

Set it up snug against your garden wall. Do you know that

with such a house you can have
grapes from May until Christ-
mas? Let us tell you all about it.
Write us.

HITCHINGS & COMPANY

GREENHOUSE DESIGNERS AND

BUILDERS
1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

= ~eomy|

PLAN FOR THE SPRING
FOR A BEAUTIFUL HEDGE

plant the Hardy Privet, Ligustrum Ibota,
of graceful habit, foliage rich wine color
in the Fall.

For massing, White Rosa Rugosa and

Hardy Flowering Shrubs.

Herbaceous Perennials in variety ; choice
Roses and Climbing Plants.

Catalogue sent on application.

Shatemuc Nurseries
Barrytown, Dutchess Co., N. Y.

Seventeen Standard
Melons,—now grown,—
were first introduced by
us—but none equal to

Us

The“Four Finest”
New Vegetables

Unequaled for 1908!

“Fordhook” Musk Melon

This resembles the ‘‘Jmproved Jenny” in form;
it is equally as roughly netted, while the skin, showing
between the netting, is emerald-green. The flesh is of
an attractive deep salmon color and surpassingly sweet

to the very rind,—" the most delicious of all melons.”
The beautiful salmon flesh is very thick and extremely
solid. The thin rind is unusually firm, so that the
fruits carry well to market.

FORDHOOK MELON is most vigorous ingrowth,
very early and extremely prolific. The melons are re-
markably even in size, weighing from 1 lb. 8 ozs. to
two pounds each. In our Catalog we print letters from
the originator and others, all uniting to prove that
this unequaled new melon is well worthy of the name
FoRDHOOK to designate it as ““‘BURPEE’S BEST.”

FORDHOOK MELON is sold only in sealed
packages, under our Registered Trade Mark. Per

pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts.; 14 oz. 30 cts.; 4 oz.
55 cts.; per oz. $1.00, postpaid.

The New Burpee-Improved Bush Lima

This is an entirely “New Creation.”” The pods are truly enormous
in size,—borne abundantly and well filled with handsome beans which
are both larger and thicker than those of the popular Burpee’s Bush
Lima. It is the earliest cf a!l Large Limas and the “ best of all.”
The erect sturdy bushes bear the beans on long spikes in very
prolific clusters. There are from four to seven pods in each cluster
and often as many as nine. Each pod contains three, four, or five
beans and there are more pods containing five than there are con-
taining three beans; so that taken with the great number borne,
this makes the yield enovmous. The beans are of extra large
size and most superb flavor. Per pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts.;
1, pint 40 cts.; 4% pint 75 cts.; per pint $1.25, by mail, postpaid.

Fordhook Bush Lima

The only stiffly erect Bush form of the popular “ Potato” Lima!
Both pods and beans are twice the size of Dreer’s Bush Lima and
more than half again as large as the Challenger Pole Limas. It is
altogether unigue. Nothing like it has ever been seen before! Of
strong, erect, true bush-like growth, the pods are borne in “‘ clusters”
of from four to eight. The pods resemble those of the Dreer’s Bush
Lima, but average more than double the size, it is six days earlier.
The pods contain three to five large beans with an average of four. Per
pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts.; 14 pint 40 cts.; 4% pint 75 cts.; per
pint $1.25, by mail, postpaid. t

Sugar Corn,—Sweet-Orange

Ready for the table in one week after our famous Golden Bantam, has
larger ears, and is fully equal in surpassingly delicious flavor! Is of strong
quick growth and bears two to three fine earsto a stalk. The ears, from
seven to eight inches long, have twelve or fourteen rows of deep grains of a
rich canary-yellow, unsurpassed in flavor, being remarkably tender, jwzcy,
and of arich sugary sweetness. The genuine seed canbe had only in our
sealed packages. Per pkt. 15 cts.; 12 pint 20 cts.; per pint 30 cts., postpaid.
By express or freight, not prepaid: Per pint 25 cts.; quart 45 cts.; 2 quarts

for 80 cts.; 4 quarts for $1.50.
we will mail any two of the above; for 40’cts. we will
For 25 Cts. mail all four (in full-size 15 ct. packets), and if you men-
tion Garden Magazine, will include Free a packet (worth 25 cts.) of the
Special New Mixture of Burpee’s “ Variegated Queen” Tall Nasturtiums.
we will mail all the seeds named on this page. This in-

For $1 00 cludes the Four Finest Novelties in Vegetables as adver-
tised above,—Twenty Sweet Peas, and ifyou name this paper, a packet (really
worth 25 cts.) of the New Variegated-Leaved Tall Nasturtiums in Superb
Mixture. Never before have we been able to make an equal offer and we
ought to gain thousands of new customers for 1908. Will not you invest a
dollar to thoroughly Try Burpee’s “‘Seeds that Grow ” for 1908?
ES Whether you order from this advertisement or not—yet if you

have any intention To Try Burpee’s Seeds you should write for

BURPEE’S FARM ANNUAL FOR 1908 i
“The Leading American Seed Catalog” J
An elegant New Book of 172 Pages, upon which we have spent
months of labor and thousands of dollars to Tell the Plain Truth by
pen and pencil. Besides hundreds of illustrations from photographs

((

ili, S

it shows sixteen superb novelties pated from nature. It is the best Feed
seed catalog we have yet issued. ee icone

Many a winter’s evening can be spent profitably in planning your of ;
garden, by a careful study of this book. Shall we send you a copy? \f “BURPEE-IMPROVED”
If you appreciate Quality im Seeds, you will say Yes! Write to-day. BUSH LIMA

Yee (sa cere

A Single Flower of the New

i

BURPEE’S WHITE SPENCER \
Exactly Natural Size

Per pkt. 25 cts.; 5 pkts. for $1.00

Burpee’s

“Novelty” Collection
of Eight Elegant New

Sweet P eas

For 25 Cts. retail packet each of the

following: Two New Gigantic ‘“Orchid-flowered”’
Sweet Peas, the delicate pink PARADISE and deep
carmine-rose GEORGE HERBERT,—the richest
dark navy-blue, BURPEE’s “‘ BRILLIANT BLUE,”
and the brightest “‘fadeless-scarlet” QUEEN
ALEXANDRA,—all four of which are shown,
painted from nature, on cover of our New
Catalog for 1908. The elegant new fluted white
Nora UNWIN (next best to Burpee’s White
Spencer),—the gorgeous fiery-orange EVELYN
BYATT, the beautiful new primrose Mrs. COLLIER
and a mixture of The Gigantic Ruffled “ Orchid-
flowered’’ SEEDLINGS OF COUNTESS SPENCER.

A@= Of these “‘Elegant Eight,” four retail at 75 cfs.
per pkt. and the other four at zo cts. per pkt. &@- You

thus get Light of the Finest Vovelties, really worth
one dollar, for only 25 cts., and our New Leaflet on
the CULTURE OF SWEET PEAS, revised for 1908. We
“know Sweet Peas,’ and want to give you both The
Choicest Seed and full benefit of our experience on
‘How to Grow.’ Five Collections for $1.00,—and
mailed to five separate addresses, if so desired.

“Bountiful”’ Collection
Paradies Ge eee

each) of the following Ten Sweet Peas. Each
is the best of its color in the popular grandiflora
type,—of large size and fine form: BURPEE’S
Aurora, the best striped,—BurRPEE’s Dainty,
most lovely picotee-edged, —CouNTESS CADOGAN,
clear light blue,—Davip R. WILLIAMSON, indigo-
blue,—Dorotuy Ecxrorp, the popular white,
—Ftora Norton, best lavender,—JANET Scott,
“The Best Pink,’—-Kinc Epwarp VII, most
popular scarlet,—OTHELLO, deep maroon, and a
large ten-cent packet of the unequaled Special
New Blend,—BuRPEE’S BEST MIXED FOR 1908.

° J aN + -
S pecial—* ie Bice “ 4 Beers fees a Coe
(worth 15 cts.) of the darkest of all Sweet Peas,—

nearly black, — BURPEE’S MIDNIGHT, which will not
be introduced until 1909.

Send $1 00 for five collections, assorted as de-

sired, name GARDEN MAGAZINE,
and asa special premium we will give you also 1 pkt.
(value 25 cts.) of BURPEE’S WHITE SPENCER,—the

| grandest of all new Sweet Peas!

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, Philadelphia

The Largest “Mail-Order Seed House” in the World

Let THE FLOWER GIRE
ie Tell You About
| HELLERS |

Home grown, thrifty plants they are, strong and
vigorous. They will begin growth as soon as trans-
planted and bloom freely during the summer and fall.

Our new book “‘ The Flower Girl”’ explains why Heller’s
Roses are so superior, and describes all the best vari-
eties—new and old. When you read it, you will know why

LAST YEAR HALF A MILLION ..
HELLER ROSES WERE SOLD

and why this year’s demand will be so much larger. The
book is beautifully illustrated from original photographs— _
some in full colors—and is filled with information about
flower-culture. It has chapters on Carnations, Chrysanthe-
mums, Clematis and Ferns, but chiefly is devoted to Roses.

THIS HANDSOME BOOK WILL BE SENT YOU
FREE. WRITE US THAT YOU WANT A COPY

It is as dainty and attractive as can be, but
its contents are most practical. No matter
how few or how many Roses you may think
of planting this year, you need ‘The
Flower Girl’’—you should know about
Heller’s Roses. They are growing and
blooming in fifty thousand home-gardens.

Send for this book to-day.

HELLER BROTHERS

982 S. Main Street
NEW CASTLE, INDIANA .

THE WOR"D’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

MARCH How to Make Your Vegetable Garden 1] 56

1908 Conifers North and South Flower Gardens for Everybody

Vol. VII No. 2 Peas in 60 Days Saving 3 Years in Growing Seakale $1.00 anerege

COUNTRY LIFE DOUBLEDAY. PAGE: & .CO. ; THE WORLD’S

IN AMERICA , 133-137 EAST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK WORK

You Can Grow American Beauty Roses!

When properly grown, the American Beauty is a vigorous and satisfactory Rose—making heavier
stems and larger bushes than any other kind.

For years this grand Rose was regarded as possible of cultivation under only the most favorable
conditions—as an outdoor Rose for amateur culture it was thought to have no place.

Thousands of our customers will testify that the American Beauty Rose can be grown suc-
cessfully in home gardens throughout the country—that with Heller’s own-root, mature-size plants
it has been found a very satisfactory variety.

ace is practically useless to attempt to grow the small mailing-size plants of Ameri-
2 can Beauty Rose. We don’t sell them—it is seldom possible
to start these small plants into vigorous growth under ordinary
conditions. We carry the Roses along during the critical pe-
riod of their lives and send out only mature plants. We keep
the plants cool and partially dormant, so that they are ready
to spring into vigorous growth when planted in the home garden.

What Our Customers Say About It

C. L. Helber, Colorado, writes us: ‘‘ During the season (1907) I picked more
than 700 nice American Beauty Roses off the bushes yousent me.”” Mrs. W. T.
4 omythe writes us: “ My American Beauties purchased of you were as
grand as any I ever saw at florists.”
A. E. Nelms, of Pennsylvania, writes us; “ The American -

Beauty I purchased from you commenced to bloom in five weeks after planting and continued until late in Octohas I was very much
satisfied with the showing they made. They have stood the winter without protection.’

Harold B. Larson, of Wisconsin, writes us: ““ When I sent you asmall order I felt that it was rather doubtful if ever American Beauty
Roses could be grown outdoors.I have been more than convinced. The plants commenced to bloom in three weeks and continued all summer.

Another American Beauty—“The Flower Girl” Free

Our experience in Rose culture has been summarized in ‘‘ The Flower Girl,”’ a new book published by us. We began as amateurs, growing
Roses for pleasure. At first we didn’t succeed—we didn’t know enough about Roses. The bushes we planted were not oH the right size and
strength. Having an unbounded enthusiasm, we kept at it. By
depended upon getting the right start by having home grown, mature Dkisio—anel gradually success Came tous. To-day we have an enormous
range of greenhouses and Rose gardens.

““The Flower Girl”’ is a handsome and delightful book, telling all about Heller’s Roses. It is a work of art, filled with practical informa-
tion about Roses. Beautifully illustrated—some of the illustrations in colors. A copy will be sent free if you ask for it.

WRITE TO-DAY FOR ‘‘ THE FLOWER GIRL”’
Heller’s Roses are ‘“‘different.’’ They grow and bloom. Find out about them before you buy others.

HELLER BROTHERS, 983 MAIN ST., NEW CASTLE, IND.

LARGE EVERGREENS

Dug “ee Ball and Burlapped without | Fancy Evergreens Lawn and Street Trees
extra charge. a: ; 4
We off = E Fine: Stockoa Of the fancy Evergreens for lawn and | Large Lindens in sizes as follows:
€ olfer some Extra Mine stock 10 | arden planting wellcan offer’ selections |) Ay tet;eau iy inden enna eer eres
the following. from a choice lot of beautiful and attrac- i fe 6 * ss
Size 3 to 10 feet tive plants. es % het mG
: Size 1 to 4 feet “ “ 4 OK “
Blue Spruce Hemlocks > i os “ Ste “
Goneclor GlispediHemlocls all dug with « all and Burlapped. ie Bs z AS en
Douglas Fir Scotch Pine Peabody’s Golden A.V. Siberian Golden A.V. : Purple Leaf Maples, Sugar and Norway
White Pine White Spruce Tae ee Lew miler Codeze Maples, Blood Leaf Beech, Elms,
Scotch Pine American Arbor Vitae | Swiss Pine White Tip Junipers Birch, Weeping Trees
Junipers Golden Arbor Vitae Weeping Spruce Golden junipers | All Ist quality

Hardy Privet Hedges

The Hardy Amoor River Privet is one
of the most beautiful and reliable plants
we grow for hedges—also Barberries to-
gether with several kinds of Evergreens.

~ CONCOLOR

Dundee Nurseries
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist

Box 95 Dundee, Illinois
Together with all of the well estab- S I [1 ; D i I AJ ae S
lished Hardy Foliage and Flowering aX J
Shrubs. We offer: Our new catalog gives description, pictures and prices of
all Evergreens and Forest Tree Seedlings in quantities from

SHRUBS 100 to 100,000. All are Nursery Grown.

Ie Wiican AMI ee aieees ee Pine Douglas Fir Spruces Black Locusts

: z cotch Pine Concolor Cedars Hardy Catalpa
You will be interested to know | Jack Pine Silver Fir Arbor Vitae Maples
about these beautiful flowers. De-| Austrian Pine Hemlocks Junipers Ash and Lindens
scription and prices are all in the Nut Trees

new catalog.

We specialize in seedlings for forestry planting. Write for our Catalog

WHITE PINE SEEDLINGS

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Tf you are planning to build, the Readers?
Service can ojlen give helpjul suggestions

Couldi Have” Taken You

last summer and led you into my rose garden3— into
those of hundreds— yes — thousands
patrons all over our vast country and Canada —

Could I now bring you here and show you my
stock, kept
winter rest unequalled in this country —
further
detail has been minutely studied and

superb

Could |

watched that your success will be a certainty —

A tittle

GEORGE H. PETERSON

under

show you

Buse and Prony Sperialist

FAIR LAWN,

N. J.

U. S. A.

conditions

how

c = 2
of enthusiastic

Think of

of natural.

little

is zealously

every

it! Ten years

by the Hand

You would then catch my —our—fever of enthu-

siasm and start that rose garden now—this spring.

of enthusiastic study,

experiment — yes— passionate devotion to the outdoor

culture of the Rose before a plant was offered for sale!

An enthusiasm which year after year found me
daily, even in March, at sunrise in my gardens nearly
three miles away from my city home, before duties at
my desk called me back.

“@ Little Book About Roses”

tells you the whole story.

It’s as different from—better than—other rose catalogues as my roses

are different, better than other roses, and this year (its fourth) it is more beautiful and helpful

than ever.
by myself.

Every word of it, barring quotations, is written, as are these public messages to you,

Itis mailed free to intending purchasers or to anyone actually interested. A remittance of
10 cents, in coin or stamps, will absolve you from even implied intention to purchase.

CATALOGVE

Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas.
“After reading the big padded catalogues in which
the most common things, even trash, are described in the
superlative, it is a tonic to take up a little book like yours
that dares to tell the truth.
(Prof.) W. A. HARSHBARGER.

Tuft’s College, Mass.
“Your modest catalogue, just received, is worth some
whole volumes on account of its concise and complete
directions on the culture of the rese, and I own a good many
works on floriculture.””
G. W. BULLARD.

Easton, Md.,

“T admire your frankness, and if there were more such
catalogu-s florizulture would be brought to a higher plane.”

Cc. D. LEE.

STOCK

Fidelity Trust Co., Kansas City, Mo., April rr, 1907.
“The roses are here and set out, and they are entirely satisfactory
in every way. I never saw stronger, healthier bushes than yours,
and I have seen some rose bushes.” F. E. BATES.
In response to request to use the above, Mr. Bates further writes
“You cannot quote me too strongly. I have better success with
your roses and peonies than with any I have ever had, and | have
had many from many growers.”
Picton, Ont., Canada, April 20, 1907.
“The roses are the best I ever had consigned to me. They
opened fresh and in best condition. I am more than well pleased,
and so are all the officers of the Horticultural Society.’ T. BOG.
Note.— Col. Bog has for many years been a director and officer
of the Picton Horticultural Society and the Glenwood Cemetery Co.

3435 N. Penn. St., Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 23, 1907.
“The two shipments of roses received from you, judging from size
and general appearance, were so superior to roses bought of other
parties ata higher price that it makes ita real pleasure to commend
your goods.”’ ROBERT W. FURNAS.
Note.—The above refers to a considerable order, including
many varreties, filled from niy 1908 stock.

SEND FORIT NOW—A COPS’ S WAITING “ORY OV

GEORGE H. PETERSON °°%52%2,220” BOX 50, FAIR LAWN, N. J.

56 Adds led eargar rire ee DS ia @ VALI JD) IDL IN| = LNG AVA UN 18 = Minmemn, 1one

he
Soul of a Priest

By The Duke Litta

“This novel depicts what is probably a com-
mon experience among Roman priests, the
gradual disillusionment of a soul. The central
character is a young Italian nobleman who is
led to enter the priesthood and it 1s only after
a bitter experience that he recognizes his
mistake, and resolves to liberate himself. The
book is full of careful psychological study,
and its pictures of life in Southern Italy have
a vivid realism which seems to come from

first-hand observation.””-—M. A. B. $1.50

Books of 1907 That Count

His Own People
By Booth Tarkington
Author of “‘Monsieur Beaucaire.’’ Col-

ored pictures by Harper and Mazzanovich.
99c. postpaid.

The Good Comrade

By Una L. Silberrad

A rarely charming love-story filled with
clever conversation. Illustrated. $1.50 —

Adventures in
Contentment

By David Grayson
By the Author of ‘‘The Wheel of Life”

! of A delightful tale of finding happiness in
“The Deliverance?’ “The Voice of the People,” etc.

country living. Illustrated. $1.32 postpaid.
The best work, so far, of the American novelist who comes

nearest to the permanence and power of George Eliot. It is The Traitor

a tale of human struggle and human love which leaves the
reader quivering with aroused emotion. $1.50.

Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., New York

By Thomas Dixon, Jr.

“Signally the best ot the four Mr. Dixon
has produced to date.’’—Charlotte Observer.
Four illustrations in color by Williams. $1.50

| | al | a ' ee | The Lone Star
: | | Ellen Glasgow 7 Willie. ee ae spirit.”

| —Brooklyn Eagle. $1.50

In High Places

By Dolores Bacon

5 “Th nanif ] li d
HEROINES EVERY CHILD SHOULD KNOW appeal.’ Chicago RecndEfersia. GinCaim

JUST READY

A companion volume to Mr. Mabie’s gallery of ‘‘Heroes,’’ in editing which he has been assisted 9
by Miss Kate Stephens—telling of the famous women of oldentimes, and our own modern heroines To Him That Hath
such as Grace Darling and Florence Nightingale. By Leroy Scott

PROSE EVERY CHILD SHOULD KNOW New York, its missions, its thieves, its

READY IN MARCH starvation. and its love, form the framework §

Edited by Mary E. Burt _ of this strong novel. $1.50
An unsurpassed collection of about two hundred and thirty tales which will afford not only the
best of reading, but also an inexhaustible supply of topics for composition work in schools.

Each, $1.00 Postpaid
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th St., New York City DouBLeDsy, PAGE & Co. NEw York.

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

For the Fresh Air Reader

gene is not a volume in this list which is not really needed in the particular
field of outdoor interest for which it is intended.

NAVIGATING THE AIR
Published under the auspices of the Aero Clab of
America. Mlustrated with remarkable photographs.
$1.64 postpaid.

THE ARAB HORSE

By Spencer Borden. 24 photographs. $1.29 postpaid

The Geographical Library

NEAREST THE POLE
By Robert E. Peary. With a map, frontispiece in
color and many fine photograplis. $5.14 postpaid

FIGHTING THE POLAR ICE
By Anthony Fiala. $4.12 postpaid
THE OPENING OF TIBET
By Perceval Landon.

THE PASSING OF KOREA
By Homer B. Hulbert, A.M., F.R.G.S. $4.20 postpaid

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA

By Dr. W. A. P. Martin $4.14 postpaid
FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE

By C. G. Schillings. $4.19 postpaid
Each very fully illustrated from photographs.

$4.20 postpaid

FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
By Beatrice Grimshaw. 64 pages of remarkable
photographs. $3.24 postpaid

THE NEAR EAST
By a friend of the Sultan and King Peter of Servia.
48 pages of photographs. $3.23 postpaid

AMERICAN ANIMALS
By Witmer Stone and Wm. E. Cram. 6 colored paint-
ings and 94 extraordinary photographs from life.
$3.37 postpaid

AMERICAN FOCD AND GAME FISHES
By David Starr Jordan and B. W. Evermann. 10 colored
plates. 100 photographs of live fish in the water, and 200
text cuts. $4.40 postpaid

THE MOTH BOOK
By Dr. W. J. Holland.
cuts.

The Farm Library

FARM MANAGEMENT
By Professor Fred, W. Card.

SOILS:
Them.

FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses,
Sheep, Swine, etc. By E. V. Wilcox.
COTTON

By Prof. C.W, Burkett and C. H. Poe.

Each copiously illustrated from photographs.
$2.20 postpaid

48 colored plates and many text
$4.35 postpaid

How to Handle and Improve
By S. W. Fletcher.

COUNTRY LIEE
IN AMERICA

THE REPTILE BOOK

By Raymond L. Ditmars. Illustrated with eight plates
in color and 128 in black and white from photographs,
which excel anything now existing on this subject.
$4.37 postpaid
THE FROG BOOK

By Mary C. Dickerson. 16 plates in color and nearly
300 black and white, from photographs by the author.
$4.34 postpaid

THE MUSHROOM BOOK

By Nina L. Marshall. 24 colored plates, 24 black and
white and about 100 text cuts. $3.32 postpaid

MOSSES AND LICHENS

By Nina L. Marshall. 32 pages of half-tones, 16 color
plates and 1445 line drawings. $4.43 postpaid

THE TREE BOOK
By Julia E, Rogers. 350 beautiful photographic illus-
trations (16 in color) by A. R. Dugmore. $4.44 postpaid

NATURE’S GARDEN (Wild Flowers)
By Neltje Blanchan. 32 colored plates, 48 black and
white. $3.35 postpaid

WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH
ISLES

By Isabel H. Adams.
full-page color plates.

Illustrated with 75 remarkable
Boxed $10.38 postpaid

COUNTRY HOMES OF FAMOUS
AMERICANS

By Oliver Bronson Capen. Introduction by Thomas
Wentworth Higginson. Profusely illustrated from pho-
tographs. $5.57 postpaid

THE COUNTRY HOUSE
By Chas. Edw. Hooper. A complete manual of honse-
building in the country, with 380 photographs and plans.
$3.36 postpaid
THE FIRST BOOK OF FARMING

By Charles L. Goodrich. 63 pages of photographs.

$1.10 postpaid

DRIVING

By Francis M. Ware.
orate gold binding.

THE WoRLD‘’s WORK

113 illustrations and very elab-
$10.38 postpaid

The Garden Library

LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM
By Leonard Barron. Illustrated. $1.18 postpaid

FERNS AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By G. A. Woolson. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Many Experts. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

DAFFODILS—NARCISSUS, AND

HOW TO GROW THEM
By A. M. Kirby. $1.17 postpaid

WATER-LILIES AND HOW TO
GROW THEM
By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus.

(In Preparation)

VINES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Wm. McCollom.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND HOW
TO GROW THEM

By I. M. Powell.

$1.17 postpaid

HOW TO PLAN THE HOME GROUNDS

By H. S. Parsons, Jr. 56 illustrations. $1.10 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN

By S. W. Fletcher. The 200 photographs will whet your
appetite. $2.22 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE
GARDEN
By Edith L. Fullerton. 250 photographs.

HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER
More than 200 photographs.

HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS

By H. D. Hemenway. 10 illustrations from photographs.
$1.07 postpaid

$2.26 postpaid

GARDEN
$1.88 postpaid

THE DOG BOOK

By James Watson.

Tlustrated from photo-
graphs, paintings, and
rare engravings. Price
per part, $1.10; com-
plete,$12.00 subscription.

4US03; IPO) Wi HAIRS
BOOK
Edited by Willis Grant
Johnson and George O.
Brown, With the assist-
ance of many expert American breeders and the late
Harrison Weir. the great English authority. 36 color
plates and 636 other pictures. One yolume, 57.50
subscription.

A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS
By J. Wilkinson Elliott. 50 illustrations ;
binding, boards. $1.72 postpaid

HOW TO KEEP BEES

By Anna Botsford Comstock.
graphic illustrations.

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Many photo-
$1.10 postpaid

57

The Readers’ Service will give you
58 information about motor boats

Rudyard
Kipling’s
Books

“The best of Kipling’s tales are matchless.””—Phila-
delphia Press.

“The most original poet who has appeared in his gen-
eration. His is the lustiest voice now lifted in the
whole world, the clearest, the bravest, with the fewest
”*—W/. D. Howells.

Many Inventions $1.50

A new edition in uniform binding—one of Mr. Kipling’s most
famous books which has averaged a new printing annually for
twenty-four years.

Collected Verse of
Rudyard Kipling (postpaid) $1.92 ||

This single volume contains the poetic achievement up to the
present, of our only contemporary world- -poet.

The Brushwood Boy (postpaid) $1.58

Many of Mr. Kipling’s admirers think the dream- quality and
almost mystical, poetic love-story of "The Brushwood Boy "
show the author in his happiest mood. This is a new edition
with illustrations in color by F. H. Townsend.

From Sea to Sea (postpaid) $1.74

This is a new edition complete in one volume of the collected
letters of travel written between 1889 and 1899, thoroughly
edited and revised.

Other Books by Rudyard Kipling

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

Glimpses of
Italian Court Life

By TRYPHOSA BATES-BACHELLER

false notes in it.

TRYPHOSA BATES-BATCHELLER

“IT know of no other book
that has put before the eye so
vividly the attractions of Italian
life in its upper circles, aided
by the varied and beautiful
pictures." — Thomas Wentworth

Higginson.

Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated Kim. $1.50. The Light That Failed. $1.50.
I Oe The Day’s Work. $1.50. Soldier Stories. $1.50. :
They. Special Holiday Edition. Il- Stalky & Co. $1.50. Four plates in color, four photo-

lustratedin color. $1.60 postpaid.
Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50.
’ The Five Nations. $1.51 postpaid.

Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50.

Life’s Handicap; Being planes of
Mine Own People.

The Kipling Birthday Bese $1.00.

(With Wolcott Balestier) The Nau-
lahka. $1.50.

Departmental Ditties and Ballads
and Barrack-room Ballads. $1.50.

gravures, and forty-eight full-page
half-tones—a unique collection of
intimate personal pictorial docu-

Just So Stories. $1.37 postpaid. Under the Decdats, The Phantom Soltor Three. 7 ihe Sronvics the ments.
See aioe sae a a Wee 61 50. aes White. 61 5025 eaten Elaborate cloth binding and
tasteful box. $5.10 postpaid.
COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA S) MAGAZINE Scat iar (9) ‘THE WoRLD's WORK pastece

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK. D OUBLEDAY PAGE &Co.

Adventures in Contentment pg, pavip cRayson

HIS is a book for our time; the experiences of a man who sought for happiness in simple country living—

and what he found. It breathes fresh air and is pervaded with delicious quiet humor. ‘The tale has called

forth an amount of enthusiasm scarcely paralleled among recent books; it’s the sort of book one reads
with delight, keeps on the table to pick up again, and recommends to dscmmmna or 2 friends.

“Here is a book so delightful in its literary style, so simple, so sound in its philosophy, so full of genuine content,
and with such a sunny outlook upon life, that one almost hesitates to write about it lest its charm shall be clouded, as it

were by overmuch handling.’’—Brooklyn Eagle.
Illustrated by Fogarty
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. - = 2

$1.32 POSTPAID

133 East 16th St.; New York City.

Marcu, 1908

PEE GAR DEN MAGAZINE

Wild gardens have a charm oj their own
The keaders’ Service wil help you pian one.

THE GARDEN LIBRARY

Each Volume practical and complete

FIRST SERIES of low-priced
hand books on gardening that has
appeared in America. These vol-

umes will cover every important depart-

ment of fruit, vegetable and fower garden-
ing from the home point of view. Nota
scientific treatise, but written in a lively,
attractive style. Beautifully illustrated.

In Preparation for Early Issue:
Vol. VI.—Vines, and How to Grow Them. By Wm. McCollom. Dealing with all

kinds of climbing and trailing plants for garden effects and conservatories, trellises,
supports, etc. $1.17 postpaid.

Now Ready:

Vol. I.—Roses and How to Grow Them. By Many Experts.
subject and quality of illustrations, beautiful. $1.18 postpaid.

Vol. Il.—Ferns and How to Grow Them. By G. A. Woolson. The growing of hardy
ferns, both in the garden and indoors. $1.18 postpaid.

Vol. II —Lawns and How to Make Them. By Leonard Barron. For the first time the
subject of lawn seed mixtures is set forth and explained. 32 photographs. $1.18
postpaid.

Vol. I1V.—Daffodils—Narcissus, and How to Grow Them. By A. M. Kirby. All that

is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs, written from the
standpoint of American conditions. Illustrated from photographs. $1.17 postpaid.

Vol. V.—Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them. By Henry S. Conard and Henri Hus.
A practical knowledge of the best garden aquatics, and the making of ponds and
small water gardens. $1.17 postpaid.

In text, practical; in

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,133 E. 16th St., New York City

P. S. Readers in New York and vicinity are invited to visit our library salesroom

The Elm City Nursery Company, New Haven, Connecticut

mov LY DRANGE

GRANDIFLORA
ALBA

_ From photo of three-year-old plant

HIS NEW HARDY HYDRANGEA is the most valuable addition to our strictly hardy
garden shrubs that has appeared in years. Withstands zero weather without injury. Im-
mense heads of purest white blooms in June (see illustration). After maturity turning to
deep green like the foliage—an attractive feature. As a specimen, in groups, or massed in the
foreground of taller shrubs, it is a tremendous success.

wellestablished;\ From 6 in. pots, $1.50 each, $13.50 for 10; 5 in.
PRICES delivered after } pots, $1.00 each, $9.00 for 10; 4in. pots 50cts each,
April 15th. JF $4.50 for 10; 3in. pots. 35 cts. each, $3.00 for 10.

Shipment by express advised.

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog is now ready. Youcan well afford to send for a copy
before placing your spring order. Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices.

TO THE TOP OF THE
CONTINENT

By Dr. FREDERICK A. Cook
Author of “‘Through the First Antarctic Night.’’

This important
book not only
chronicles the first
conquering of the
highest mountain

peak on this conti-

Ment 1202900) leet
high, but tells of a
new goldfield 400
miles square, and
also describes the
best big game coun-
try left in North
America. Superb
photographs and a
miner’s map of the new goldfields
Ada to the value of the book:

$2.75, postpaid.

Le

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK ‘THe GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEW YORK.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL LIBRARY
FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES

By BEATRICE GRIMSHAW
Miss Grimshaw tells of adventures among Cannibal tribes
in regions which no white man (much less a woman) has ever
presented; and she gives a picture of civilized Fiji as a land of
possibility for settlers which will surprise most readers. 64
pages of photographs. $3.24, postpaid.
THE NEAR EAST
This is the first authentic account of the Balkan States—the
“powder magazine of Europe.” It is by a famous author,
personal friend of the King of Servia. 48 pages of photographs.
$3.23 postpaid.
NEAREST THE POLE
By RoBErRT E. PEARY
64 pages of photographs, 2 maps and frontispiece in color. $5.14 postpaid
THE AWAKENING OF CHINA

By Dr. W. A. P. MarTIN 50 photographs. $4.14 postpaid

FIGHTING THE POLAR ICE

By ANTHONY FIALA
9 plates in Color, 96 pages of photographs and 3 maps, $4.12 postpaid

THE PASSING OF KOREA

By Homer B. HULBERT 62 photographs. $4.20 postpaid

FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE
By C. G. SCHILLINGS
300 photographs of African wild animals. $4.16 postpaid

THE OPENING OF TIBET

By PERCEVAL LANDON

50 photographs. $4.20 postpaid

The Readers’ Servi iIT pi
60 in luck wiih FSR E ag cae T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E M ARCH, 1908

Information about the selection or care of dogs,

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory poultry and live’ stock willl be/eladly sivensamade

dress INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarDEN MaGazinE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

ALDORO FARM, ROSSTON, PA.

BERKSHIRES: Atthe recent Ohio, Wis., and Illinois
State Fairs, and at the great Inter-state live stock and
horse show, at St. Joseph, Mo., our Berkshires won 10
championships and every grand Championship—a record
never before equalled by any exhibitor. Wealso won the
Farm-Home Grand Champion Cup for the largest and
best exhibit of Berkshires made in 1907 by any breeder in
America.

We have over roo sows in the breeding herd, and we can
supply any number of animals of the quality which has
made this herd famous.

LARGE YORKSHIRES: We have a select herd of

Fora ave, time we will INCUBATOR

ship, freight paid, a =“. = EE
100-egg special-style ‘‘United’’ Incubator to any point
east of the Mississippi River for $12.50—
freight to River allowed on orders
west. This is a high-grade machine
with all the latest improvements,
and is shipped complete, ready
to run. Send money today, or
write for free Catalog X.

No crowding nor over-heating; even
temperature no matter how cold outside; cuts
oil-consumption half to one-third; absolutely safe from
hre ; hot water and air systems combined, giving healthful

ventilation. WIGWARM BROODERS

are honestly built; don’t twist out of shape

100 EGG
SPECIAL

this valuable breed of swine and can quote attractive can’t leak; easily moved on runners, weil Dept. U ' a
prices. painted, and entirely guaranteed. Money UNITED INCUBATOR & POULTRY peasy,
GUERNSEY CATTLE: A few bull calves of excel- gladly given back if vou're not satisfied. SUPPLY MFG. CO.

Illustrated catalog free. Send now for it.
E.F.HODGSON, Box 35, Dover, Mass.

lent breeding at reasonable prices.
We solicit inquiries, and take pleasure in describing
our offering.

26-28 Ves y Street, New York City

Large English Berkshires
Size, with quality and early maturity

We have never bred a cross animal
nor have we ever had a sow molest her
Pigs. Our sows are prolificand tractable.

EGGS—EGGS | CRESTWOOD NUGGETS

As an inducement to secure new customers I[ will CONTINUE IN THE LEAD

sell eggs this spring at the tollowing low prices: F a
88 a et pies AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN 10907, 3rd and 4th Breeding herd of 150 to select trom.
Per Setting Per Setting on cock, rst and 4th on hen, rst on ccckerel, 2nd and 4th a neta and Aner breeding:
ee ASS . » I3 f1.00 R. I. Reds say 1S $2.00 on pullet and American Buff-Rock. Club ribbon for best ayaite Ts you eares Gesaey seats
arred P. Rocks . 13 1.09 Columbian W'd Sis EG 2186) surface color cockerel, 1907 at Syracuse. 2nd cock, znd to describe stock and furnish pedigree,
white ence 5 a} shee) eae 'd g 0 1G 29) hen st andl and ee ard saad a pallet 3 Hoveps whether you are ready to buy or not.
: a G5 5 FR Teo) 9» \. b. Orpingtons 15 2.00 eepsie, . Y. szstcockerel and ist hen at ite aims e .
Dae pencotes oan a eae Sy e Je Pocapine tons 15 2.00 Nov., 1907. xst and 2nd cock, 1st, 2nd and 3rd hen, rst, ? H.C. &H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N. Y.
te 4 Sp 18}, gtons 15 2,00 f=
ScaWadnd Balictace aes S@AWaOsaina tone See 2nd and 3rd cockerel, rst, 2nd and 3rd pullet, $5.00 gold
= 5 1M for best cockerel, rst and 3rd on pen, silver cup for display ;
R.C.B.Leghoms 13 1.00 R.C. W. Orpingtons 13 2.00 . i
Black Minor 1 Orn} and the 4 Buff-Rock ribbons for best shape and surface Mated pair
ac cas I3 1.00 R.C. B’k Orpingtons 13 2.00
color male and female. They are great layers and mature nilling, or
S.C. Buff Orpington Eggs, $3 for 30; $8 for roo; R. C. Buff, Black, quickly. Stock and eggs for sale. Eggs from New Bee S FREE
iene. Seo fie ee a eee eee er Fotos ne Work Wagner, $10:00 for 15 and from 3 extra good to squabs Sorel es our ese ae Mees Lbu)
SSS) 25 = é bs 3 e ° i telling how to make m i z
the largest and best equipped Poultry establishments in America. eo Weckes We ere first; our Sirds ae lareestana

outsell ali others. Our methods are

widely copied. Plymouth Rock Squab
ma ('o., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

CRESTWOOD POULTRY FARMS

CIRCULAR FREE
TUCKAHOE, N. Y.

Lewis C. Beatty, Box1za Washington, N. J.

uaxeine SLTANCHION

Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testified to its
simplicity, completeness .and durability,
among them Ex-Goyernor Hourd of Wiscon-
sin and I. B. Calvin, Vice-President State
Dairymen’s Association, Kewanee, Ind. The
latter says: ‘I think them perfect.” The
purchaser takes no risk, as the Stanchions
i ¥ are shipped subject to 30 days’ trial/in your

own stable. Send for descriptive pamphlet.

W.B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

YOUR OWN CUT
fonwitt ¢ CROWN Bose GREEN

Cutter. Green bone makes eggs, and
e stimulates the hen’s productive organs. BON E

SHOE BOILS
Are Hard to Cure,
yet

HATCHING WONDER

A substantial practical] incuba-
tor, 26 inches long, 21 inches wide,
14 inches high. Triple walls, hot

3 -s, Water heat, aluminum coated tank,
Deli a automatic regulator, nursery. With
li H rae’ CONC C9 brooder $11.45. To points west of Rock-
case pe orse cau be worked, $2.00 per bottle, delivered — JF ies, incubator, $9.85 ; with brooder, $14.70.
A LSORBINE, JR, for mankind, $1.00 per bottle. Cures Boils, Bruises. = ees ERE Ans ce

will remove them and leave no blemish. Does
mot blister or remove the hair. Cures any puff

"Old Sores, Swellings, Varicose Veins, Hydrocele. Allays Pain.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Monmouth S8t., Springfield, Mass.

GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, Ill. Established 1867.

INCUBATORS
& BROODERS

Cut bone fresh every day. The Crown
does it quickly with no bother or muss.
25 years building cutters. Write for free catalog.
OS., Box 650, EASTON, Pa.

The fact that we have the largest and most com- WILSON B
plete incubator and poultry supply house in the world is evidence
of what our customers think of the Reliable. An easier to run—simpler—more successful
hatcher can’t be found. Write for our new big poultry book that tells interesting facts
about incubators and care of poultry. It’s brimful of profit for both the inexperienced and ex-
perienced poultry raiser. Send postal today.

Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co., Box B-7, Quincy, Illinois

PEDIGREE PIGEONS

Red and Yellow Carneaux, White Kings, Swiss Mon=
daines, White Runts, Maltese Hens

The best breeds for large heavy squabsand lots of them. Also

the beauties of pigeon kind. The Carneau is rapidly replacing

the Homer pigeon and outranksit inevery respect. Small lofts.

Great care used inselecting from choice stock. Illustrated cata-

logue, price list and instruction to breeders free.

ROYAL FIGEON LOFTS, Box 258, Slatington, Pa.

FOOD FOR CHICKS

Chick Manna first. Gives them the best kind of start. Then
“Vigor”? Foods. 1’ll send full directions. You ought to raise
every chick.

Iam agent for Cyphers’ Forcing Food—to make early broilers and
roasters. New model Incubators, made Ly the Chas, A. Cyphers Co.,
Brooders and Portable Colony Houses at manufacturers prices; poul-
try yard conveniences of all kinds. Write for free illustrated Poultry
Supply Book and tell me your problem.

STOKES SEED STORE, Vept.W. 219 Market St. Philadelphia.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

[ET BIDDY SIT IN QUIET COMFORT

RRA [SE CHICKENS
FOR PROFIT

Johnson, the Incubator man, has started thousands

of beginners. His Famous Old Trusty Incubator is

surest and simplest. Runs itself and pays for itself.

Sold directon 40 days’ trial. Freight prepaid. Send

for his free poultry book. It will make you money.
@. M. JOHNSON, Clay Center, Neb.

WIGWARM SETTING
AND BROOD COOP

She’ll break fewer eggs, hatch more chicks. In this coop rats, skunks, hawks.
etc., can’t reach her nor chicks. Covers 20x48 inches, and 24in. high. Henan
brood have large exercise-run; her foud is outside where she can’t foul it. It is

storm-proof, can be used outdoors, is movable, weighs 30 pounds. Can be set up
in 10 minutes. Costs $3. Discount in quantity. Catalog free. There ll be more money
in your pocket, more chicks in the yard, if you'll order Wigwarm Setting
and Brood Coops. E. F. HODGSON,

GREENHOUSE PROPERTY

near Montclair, N. J.; 4 acres; worth investigation by man who
wishes to start out in the business.
IRA M. TAYLOR & WATERHOUSE,
MON! CLAIR, N. J. (Opp. Lackawanna Sta.)

Box 34, Dover, Mass.

; MN bl. 7 den, i
Marcu, 1908 AEA eC AGRA ENP VIGANGVACZ INGE! “a tie aeen Secor: caece 61

A Handbook on Gardening GARDEN i Co POTTERY

Free
After gardening for market for twenty years, Italian , mes sear aceatin «Garden
and learning a few of the ins and outs and pit= A Bei 4ose 8 8 Vases, Statuary,
falls of the business, I have boiled down my . io Flower eo Ps eas
experience in my Garden Manual and | give you f a Pots = = j Barge ee
the benefit of it Free. This may seem strange | SEE Beautiful designs,

to you, but Ihave combined my advice and in= Send for Catalogue.

structions, with my seed catalog. I am aseeds=
man as well as a gardener and of course I want
all the seed business I cam get honestly and
fairly. I find that the more I can be of help to
my customers, the more success they will have
and the more seeds they will buy, so you see it

suonpiar = WILLIAM GALLOWAY, “ALACEST: 3224 Walnut Street, Philadelphia SUN DIAL

is really selfishness on my part. al ee Nursery Exchange
I am rather proud of my Manual or Catalog 155 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS.
whichever you please to callit. I wrote it and 9
: 5 i We are expert and reliable Nursery-
illustrated it all myself, and good judges of such men oan 2D weno lPssosienes
things tell me it is really worth while. WE will fill any orders West, South, East or
. +t? North, for TREES, SHRUBS, EVER-
Eee aank youto write tor 'it-It's tree GREENS, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, or any
—and tell me what you think of it. Also I will other Nursery Stock including any Novelties
gladly send you free samples of anything you of whatever description, at a saving of from 20

to 35 per cent. from ordinary rates. We act as
experts in the selection of Stock, for our clients,

And if I can help you any in the way of advice, filling all orders at lowest prices possible, giving

are interested in, in the seed line.

careful attention and guaranteeing satisfactory
and prompt delivery.

We advise carefully on all questions of Land-

Henry Field, President scape planting, sending expert men to advise in
i reference to this, if required.

Henry Field Seed Company || rire ror oUR CATALOGS
Box 101 Shenandoah, Iowa AND THEY WILL INTEREST YOU

SEND 10c FOR A BARGAIN IN
| Easily Grown SEEDS

Nasturtiums—Climbing Madam Gunther's Hybrids;
salmon, bright red, pale yellow, etc. Royal Show
Pansies—100 colors and markings of the best strain.
Asters—Finest mixed. Sweet Peas—Over 40 vari-
eties. All four packages and my 15th Annual Catalog
for ONLY 10 CENTS and the name of two flower
loving friends.

MISS C. H. LIPPINCOTT
602-604 10th Street,S, Minneapolis, Minn.

fire away with your questions.

A Hammock Thai’s Right

_The only hammock made that combines Quality, Dura-
bility and Beauty with comfort. Can be used indoors or
out. For further particulars write

QUEEN HAMMOCK CoO.
188 Lake St , MUSKEGON, MICH.
Formerly Kalamazoo, Mich.

AMERICAN NURSERY COMPANY

GEREDIKG WEI KEESENG INE We ORK Clin
} F. & F. NURSERIES, SPRINGFIELD, N. J.
| BLOODGOOD NURSERIES, FLUSHING. L. I.
| NEW JERSEY & LONG ISLAND NURSERIES

Hundreds of acres of the best grown TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS,
ROSES and HARDY PLANTS: AZALEAS, RHODODENDRONS, TRAINED
SPECIMENS, BOXWOOD, FRUITS, VINES, ETC., at reasonable prices

Everything for Country Estates, Parks and Gardens.

Combining

Pioneer Seedswoman
of America

‘ae eee

Beautiful 1908 catalogue now ready. Consultation and inspection invited.
Complete estimates furnished.

wry

: SALES DEPARTMENT, 150 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
te Z| re SALE—THE Mos? COMPLETE THE ILLINOIS
None ise Hardy Perennials, Dahlias SELF-WATERING

and Others Bulbs FLOWER BOXES

For Spring Planting, at Reduced Prices. Ge? /s¢.

WROUGHT IRON
FENCE

And Entrance Gates

WIRE FENCING

Ornamental IronWork Tree ~
Guards. Lawn Furniture Etc

Tennis Court Endosures A Speaal

FEATURE

THE F-E-CARPENTER Ce
7 & 9 WARREN ST-NEW YORK:

PALISADES NURSERIES = SPARKILL, N. Y. |

Send for our 1908 catalogue of Seeds,
Bulbs and Plants. Dahlias a specialty,
MND IES Ge COR WMilenneromcels INS We

WHITE ROCKS

Winners at Madison Square Garden, Pittsburg, Hartford,
Newark, Allentown, Lititz, Wilkesbarre.

Eggs for Hatching, 10 cents each

RED HILL FARM
162 Henderson Road

Requireattention only twicea month. Made of heavy
Galvanized Iron. Last for years—are Inexpensive.
Made for Porches, Windows, Hanging Baskets, etc.
Send for Full Details and Price List.

ILLINOIS HEATER COMPANY

3949 WENTWORTH AVE. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Bridgeport, Pa.

62

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

‘To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”—A tony and Cleopatra

Marcu, 1908

TALK: OF-THE - OFFICE: |

Spring in the Garden

Spring is in sight, and Country Life in
America and The Garden Magazine—Farming
propose to celebrate it in a cheerful, joyous, and
practical way.

The Garden Manual of Country Lije in
America will be the usual double March issue,

a really splendid and adequate treatment of all
the things one needs to know about the garden.
It should be bought, preserved and used
through the whole year. Here is a list of a
small part of the contents:

Art Versus Artifice in Landscape Architecture.
Landscape Gardening in a City Yard.

Blending the House and the Landscape.

Hardy Roses from May till November.

The Show Garden of the South.

Shrubs That Will Bloom This Year.

A Thousand DollarsanAcre from Pedigree Fruit Trees.
A Cornish Garden.

Annual Flowers for Every Place and Purpose.
‘Three Successful Vegetable Gardens.

‘The Country Calendar.

The price of the magazine is 50 cents for
this double number. If you are now a sub-

scriber to The Garden Magazine—Farming, you
can join the Five Dollar Bill Club by sending
a check for $5.00 which will pay for a full year’s
subscription to Country Lije in America and
The World’s Work, and extend your present sub-
scription to The Garden Magazine—Farming for
one year.

THE SPRING ISSUE OF THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE—FARMING

The April issue of this magazine will be the
Double Spring Planting Issue. Here are some
of the chief contents.

Garden Tools and Their Proper Uses.

What Must Be Planted in Spring —not Autumn.
The Best Way to Select Perennial Flowers.

Plan for a Hardy Border.

Women’s Dress for Gardening.

How to Make New Fruits.

Really Good Beans.

The Types of the American Elm.

The price is 25 cents, but a year’s subscripticn
includes both the spring and fall double num-
bers.

THE NEW FLOWER BASKET

We have completed plans for a new, and
much cheaper, Flower Basket than we have
been able to get before. These are modeled
on the English basket, and are fitted better
for the needs of the American lover of the

including scissors, trowel, pruning knife, box
of tacks, and ball of twine, and a year’s sub-
scription to The Garden Magazine—Farming for
$3.00, or with a year’s subscription to Country
Lije in America, including all double numbers,
for $5.00.

THE COMPLETE NATURE LIBRARY

It is a long story to tell, but we think that
every subscriber to our out-of-door magazines
will be interested in it. You have perhaps
heard very often of the Nature Library, which,
after ten years’ work, is now complete. We
should be glad to send you particulars about
it which will interest you if you will fill out this
blank

Doubleday, Page & Company,
133 East 16th Street,
New York City.
Please send me particulars about
the complete Nature Library.

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

63

CovER DEsIGN— The Rose Walk

PAGE

MARCH, 1908

Henry Troth

PAGE
WHERE THE NURSERYMAN HELPs . A GUSER He Wetennce 1 erat ALO GARDEN Toots THAT REALLY HE Lp. IK J8, WO ei
GARDENS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES Wilhelm Miller 66 THE Cocxscomp Em Gatt. 5 JB, JP, JG SF:
Photographs by N. R. Graves, M. H. Northend, and others STARTING IN THE Fiorists’ B i eG 8
How To Have A Perrect VEGETABLE GARDEN. J.L. Kayan 69 ; oe 2 ee ae de Dia SURE es
Plans and planting table by the author THE Montu’s REMINDER (SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT) . . . 83
How to HAVE THE SWEETEST AND EARLIEST PEAS THE BEst ANNUAL FOR SOUTHERN GARDENS Thomas J. Steed 83
E. D. Darlington 72 We
Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves TrTING HoTsep SasH a h = h “, T. E. Swarts 83
tograp y the author
Way CHEAP SEED Is EXPENSIVE. . . . C.H.Claudy 74 i
Photographs by F. L. Scribner and others GARDEN AND Farm NEws c Se meee SO oie) . 84
THE Best CONIFERS SOUTH AND Nortu, II. P.J.Berckmans 76 How To PLanT A STRAWBERRY BED . A. Bonar Baljour 86
Photographs by the author HOLLANDAISE SAUCE 88
SEAKALE IN Nine MontuHs INSTEAD OF Four YEARS 3 hae
WC. McCollom + 178 PLANTERS’ READY REFERENCE TO THE BEsT PEas FE. D. D. 90
Photographs by the author Photograph by the author
Home MixEp FERTILIZER. : 1B JB, IB, SI) PICTURES OF SPECIAL GARDENS SEG at'o 94
ALFALFA AS PouLTRY Foop . W. H. Jenkins 80 RECENT GARDEN AND OuTDOOR Booxs . . 96

. Ff. A. Strohschein 00

Photograph by the author SIMPLIFIED HomE BuTTER MAKING
PRO UISISRVaeIWA TIONG Loe se Se ke we 80
CoOsTmONBDUWELERGHATM saree a ee Bee ob a ce OO
Weare IWAGNOLIAS INTEREST . . . . « . «ss» «.-. 81 rae
A GARDEN ScRAP Book . Mary R. G. Williams 02
How I Grow EVERGREEN MAGNOLIAS FROM SEED L. Greenlee 81 ‘
ihauagianane (hr une avilte: andl Gas EAN SWVERSeel Om © UERTESU maces: 68 el ea We cery analy aOR

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Coryricut, 1908, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents H. W. LANIER, Secretary S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

The Rugosa Roses.

In ornamental shrubs there is nothing quite so desirable or which has so many good qualities as the Rugosa Roses. They
should not be planted in the Rose garden but freely in the shrubbery, about the base of the house, in groups on the lawn, and for
an untrimmed hedge they are unsurpassed. They grow from three to five feet high depending upon the soil, are of a bushy spread-
ing habit and the foliage is luxuriant, rich and beautiful throughout the season and is never touched by insects or disease. The
beautiful large single white or red flowers are freely produced and are followed by clusters of large bright red rose-apples which are
most effective and last until hard freezing weather sets in. [he plants are absolutely hardy root, top and branch.

Rosa Rugosa Alba, large single pure white flowers, 30 cts. each, $3.00 per dozen, $20.00 per 100.
Rosa Rugosa Rubra, large single red flowers, 25 cts. each, $2.50 per dozen, $18.00 per 100.

Rosa Rugosa Mixed Seedlings. A mixture of the single red and white varieties in which the red
will probably predominate, 20 cts. each, $2.00 per dozen, $15.00 per 100.

New Rugosa Rose ‘Blanche Double de Coubert.” The very desirable qualities of the Rugosa Roses has led the
hybridizers to attempt the production of new varieties, and many Rugosa Hybrids have been offered, but with a single exception
New colors and forms of flowers have been produced but the vigor and all
The exception is the rose named above, which is identical with the
The flowers
are produced freely throughout the season. On our grounds it is the first rose in bloom in spring and the last in the fall. We
have known for some years that this was a most valuable Rose, but the stock was so scarce that we daren’t say much about it.

35 cts. each, $3.50 per dozen, $25.00 per 100.

We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the
choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in
the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of other
Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs, will be sent on request.

“A Plea for Hardy Plants,’’ by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for
their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to our customers at a very low
price. Particulars on request.

Elliott Nursery Co., 337 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

they are like the play of Hamlet, with Hamlet left out.
the desirable qualities of the Rugosa parent have been lost.
Rugosa species in foliage, habit and vigor, but has semi-double pure white flowers which are most deliciously fragrant.

64 Write so the Reade’ scece fer ee) GAC) DIEU Na eAR GAUZE: Manca, 1908 |

COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. CINCINNATI

To you, Ivory Soap is merely Ivory Soap. You have a vague idea that it is made in Ohio;
at a place which bears the pretty name of Ivorydale.

You know that “it floats”; and that it is “99%2%. per cent. pure.” You know, too, that nearly

everybody uses it, either for the bath, the toilet or for fime laundry purposes. Possibly that is as
far as your knowledge goes.

Know, then, that at this very moment, hundreds of men are at work in the jungles of Ceylon,
collecting the vegetable oil from which, six or eight months from now, innumerable cakes of Ivory
Soap will be made—that the surface of the “Seven Seas” is dotted with the sails of vessels laden
with oil en route to Ivorydale.

Know, too, that this oil is refined before it leaves the Orient and that it is again refined after
it reaches Ivorydale. Every other ingredient of Ivory Soap is treated in the same way. It is tested
before it is bought; after it is bought; during the process of manufacture; and afterwards.

All this, with but one purpose in view: That each and every cake of Ivory Soap shall be pure.

99 44% Per Cent. Pure.

SER A

OO SB BA CCE A Sot EN Eat

ee

The Garden Magazine

VoL. VII—No. 2

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude. ]

Where the Nurseryman Helps

A RAY of light has been shed into
our dark life by a reader who wants
to be called ‘Old Western Warhorse.”

“Did you know that the nurserymen have
reformed?” he asks. ‘“Twenty-five years
ago I used to think that with a few brilliant
exceptions they had worse taste and less
ability than any other men in business.
Their catalogues contained gaudy chromos,
horrid old wood cuts and mendacious wash
drawings. They overpraised everything;
and_ substitution — whew!

“But, bless my soul, what a change.
The whole outfit seems to have experienced
a moral and esthetic regeneration. You
can see it in the catalogues. Last year I
handed my stenographer a copy of the March
GARDEN MacGazineE and told her to send
a postal card to every nurseryman who
advertised therein. My! I’ll never do that
again! But I winnowed them down to a
dozen which I love so well that I have had
them bound and the volume, spick and span
from the binders, lies before me.”

We never expected to see a catalogue as
sumptuous as that swan song of Pitcher
and Manda in 1895, but there are already
some that clearly surpass it. One contains
nearly five hundred photographs all taken
on the nursery grounds.

But more wonderful still, the whole idea
in selling has changed from mere “‘boosting”’
everything indiscriminately to rendering
Specific service. For example, one classifies
all the perennial flowers according to season
of bloom, color, and height, so that you can
be sure of having flowers in your hardy
border every day in the year. Another is
a veritable guide to landscape gardening,
indicating the best trees and shrubs for
every purpose, such as hedges, plants for

MARCH, 1908

} ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

winter effect, ground covers, tall evergreens,
material for formal gardens, etc.

The big change, of course, is the special-
izing. We have catalogues wholly or
chiefly devoted to evergreens, roses, straw-
berries, grapes, peonies, phlox, rhodo-
dendrons and their allies, water-lilies, berried
shrubs, Japanese plants, and even gladioli.
And in all of them you notice the same
tendency—a desire to get orders not by
overpraising plants but solely as a result of
helping you to make a better garden.

Another evidence of progress: Look at the
specific facts given, the height of every tree
and bush—and sometimes even the width.

Why the nurserymen as a class have
changed we don’t know. Most of them, of
course, have always been straight. Perhaps
the general increase of wealth is chiefly
responsible. But the great reductions in
freight and express rates on plants and seeds
have done wonders. Without them we
should never have had three great nurseries
in the South competing for Northern busi-
ness. Anyhow, the whole nursery business
has made a complete change of front within
the last five years and it behooves each one
of us to keep informed of the great improve-
ments that are now being made.

THE BIG JOBS

Before March ist, if possible, do two
things. First. Order seeds, plants, tools,
fertilizers, and spraying materials, so as to
avoid the spring rush, the risks of late plant-
ing and the possibility of the thing you most
want being ‘‘out of stock.”” Have compas-
sion on the poor clerks who work till mid-
night every evening from the middle of
March through April.

Second. Make or buy a hotbed and cold
frame and you can probably save their value
in a single year, for every square foot
under glass is worth a nickel. You can
have tomatoes from four to six weeks
longer in this way.

From March ist and rsth, or before the
frost is out of the ground, the big jobs are
four:

1. Start vegetables and flowers under
glass or on the window sill for the early crop.

2. Repair the old lawn or make a new one.

3. Get all the manure you can and spread
it evenly and thinly on the ground. Scatter
nitrate of soda on the lawn and on the beds
of asparagus, rhubarb, and strawberry.

4. Spray scale-infested fruit trees and
ornamental shrubs with soluble oils or lime-
sulphur wash, both of which you can get
at any seed store. The last chance to use
strong solutions with little danger is before
the trees wake up.

About March 2oth, or as soon as the soil

is mellow, plow and harrow your garden,
or spade and rake it.

Plant deciduous trees and shrubs.

About March 25th, plant hardy roses,
pruning them a little more severely than
established ones.

It you want a detailed memorandum list
of all the things to be done in March, so
that you can plan ahead and check off the
items as far as they are done, see GARDEN
MacazineE for March 1907, page 61.

FARM AND FIELD WORK

The first farm work of the season is to
get the tools in working order so that there
will be no delay when they are needed.
Order parts needed to replace those that
are lost or broken. Mend the harness or
buy new. Repair fences and make or
build any new ones. Make repairs on
barns and sheds while they are practically
empty and while you have time. Graft
the fruit trees and do the necessary pruning
in the orchard.

In the fields there is but little work. It
does not pay to plow wet lands. Wait until
the March winds have dried them out. As
soon as frost is out of the ground, do any
necessary ditching and draining. Look
over the recently seeded grass lands as soon
as frost is out and reseed the bare places
that have winter-killed. Liming of fields
should be done early as well as hauling out
and spreading the winter accumulation of
manure.

Keep the stock out of the pasture lots
until the grass is dry. There is no pasturage
yet, and their hoofs cut up the sod and ruin it.

FLOWER GARDEN HINTS

Begin now to plan for flowers next winter
if you have a greenhouse. Don’t let the
opportunity pass. For instance, canna seed
put into flats in March will make good
sized plants for winter flowers. Marguerite
carnations can also be treated that way by
potting up before frost sets in. Start coleus
cuttings from the old stock plants. Helio-
trope is one of the most grateful winter
flowers because of its fragrance. Oxalis,
stock and Torenia may also be sown now
in heat, and vinca sown in a frame and pot-
ted off later will be of flowering size for
winter and fall.

Palms and ferns that have been indoors all
winter may now be repotted as they are start-
ing into growth.

Seed new lawns that were prepared by
breaking the ground last spring. Fertilize
first and see that the grade is right. Sow the
seed at the first opportunity. Rake over old
lawns. Trench deeply all beds that are to
be planted this spring.

1. A show garden composed largely of rhododendrons grouped naturally. From
the best American example of a well balanced estate

Gardens for Special Purposes—By Wilhelm Miller,

2. A show garden which is not ostentatious but enjoys privacy, and is organ-
ically connected with the house and looks livable

New
York

AN ASTONISHING LIST OF THE PARTICULAR AIMS FOR WHICH AMERICAN GARDENS EXIST—HOW
TO GUARD AGAINST OUR NATIONAL WEAKNESS—A NEW WAY TO GET HELP IN PLANNING GARDENS

DBREArS the most astonishing phase
of flower gardening is the immense
number of types represented. I estimate
that there are at least two thousand kinds
of flower gardens—each distinct enough to
make totally different impressions upon the
mind of a casual visitor. A hundred of
them from America alone have already been
pictured in THE GarpDEN Macazinge, and if
you will glance at the list of them on page
94 you will see that their differences are
not confined to the realm of feeling, but are
easily expressed in simple English.

If this genius for specializing, which is
characteristic of our age, be studied, we shall
find why most American gardens are un-
interesting and how to make them better.

E

3. A modest little formal garden in a corner of a

house. Embowered in green

The chief reason why cultured European
visitors find our home grounds unattractive
asa rule is that our people of moderate means
do not spend enough time or money on
gardening to develop a fondness for any
special class of plants or type of garden.
And it will not do to say that our poor peo-
ple can’t afford good gardens, for a packet
of seed costs only five cents and neighbors
can exchange plants with one another. What
our national self-esteem most needs is a bump,
and you have only to contrast any pictures
you have seen of English cottage gardens
with laborers’ home grounds in America
to realize that we need a great awakening.

The trouble is that when we plan a garden
we do not commune with ourselves and
dwell upon this question, ““What do I want a
garden for, anyhow? Do I want it chiefly
for show, for repose, for utility, or to make
a collection of my favorite flowers?” In the
last analysis, all of the hundred gardens for
special purposes which are listed on page
94 can be explained by these four simple
motives. I will show that each of these
calls for a different type of garden more or
less incompatible with the others.

First. The show garden is to a certain
extent incompatible with cutting armfuls
of flowers. Flowers for display generally
look best when organically connected with
the house—not scattered over the lawn. If
you have a big house they will be most bril-
liant in a formal garden. If your place is
not large, the most appropriate way to have
a big show of flowers is to have irregular
borders of shrubs and perennials.

Second. A garden for repose is to a certain
extent incompatible with a brilliant show
of flowers, because you cannot have repose
without shade and privacy, which generally
imply trees, and these, of course, must

66

detract somewhat from the abundance of
flowers.

Third. The flower garden for utility is
the one which exists only to supply cut flowers
for a house, and the woman is to be pitied
who wants no other kind of garden than
this. Obviously this kind of garden should
be combined with vegetables, for the cheapest
way to raise the most and largest flowers
is to put them in straight rows and cultivate
them with a wheel hoe.

Fourth. A collector’s garden is to a cer-
tain extent incompatible with the three
other types. A rose garden usually makes
a poor show, or only a brief one. You don’t
want to rest in a collector’s garden; you wish
to go about with color chart, catalogue

4. A Southern garden famed for its azalea show,
but obviously it has repose too

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

5. Awild garden beside woods and Jake such as anyone may have on $10 an
acre land in New England

or memorandum book, verifying descriptions
and noting dates of bloom. And as to
cutting—you don’t allow your own wife to
cut the first blooms of a Madame de Graaff
narcissus (at $7.50 per dozen) even if she
did give you Kirby’s “ Daffodils” for Christ-
mas. The best kind of garden for a collector
is one in which every plant is labeled or else
set in beds of unit size so that a chart
quickly reveals the identity of each variety.

This, then, is the psychology of flower
gardening. But the lessons to be deduced
from it by wealthy people and by people
of moderate means are exactly opposite.
The average person does not specialize
enough; rich Americans specialize too much.
The average man can make his garden more
interesting . by asking himself which one
of those four attitudes of mind best fits his
personality. That question being honestly
answered, the sure way to success and the
truest economy is to specialize along one line.

On the other hand, the wealthy Americans
who devote the most time and money to
gardening usually let their hobbies run away

7. Anew Kind of winter garden with a real lawn to walk on and birds flying
about, instead of a conventional greenhouse

6. A hardy border of perennial flowers makes a simpler and better garden for

most people than formal flower beds

with them. For instance, where is there a
good general collection of plants near New
York city? The gentlemen who compose
the council of the Horticultural Society of
New York raised this question the other day
but were unable to answer it. They couldn’t
think of any well-balanced estate like those
of the late Mr. George Such at Perth Amboy,
N. J., or the late Mr. Hicks Arnold at Rye,
N. Y. A famous estate at Madison, N. J.,
sacrifices everything to six weeks of spring
bloom. Newport concentrates on July and
August effects; Lenox on September; the
Southern resorts only on the winter months.
Every man has several establishments for
special seasons and no real home.

Even the men that call themselves collect-
ors rarely have a good general collection.
There are a few orchid collections that are
representatives of the whole family, but plenty
of people grow nothing but Cattleya labiata
and its varieties. There are many rose
gardens, but they generally grow H. P’s. or
teas and neglect the other classes. Ten to
one an “iris collector’ cares for nothing

but the Japs and Germans. A “‘tulip
fancier” will neglect either the earliest or the
latest, and certainly the “ botanical” species.

The trouble is that we have the “defects
of our virtues.” We follow the spirit of
our century too hard. Specialties are all
right, but not if we follow them exclusively.
Then they become fads and we soon tire of
them. What we need most is to conserve
the best things that previous centuries have
taught us. We need gardens that exist for
special purposes, but are not too special.
Out of hundreds of photographs I have
selected a dozen which illustrate gardens
of this kind. I hope these pictures will
indicate how you can make a garden that
will fulfill your greatest need without sacri-
ficing the other things. For I believe that
the author of “ The Formal Garden in Eng-
land” has gone too far in saying that in this
age of specializing we have lost that exquisite
sense of proportion and fitness which every-
body in the eighteenth century exercised
intuitively. That sense of proportion still
exists and here are the proofs of it.

8. What finer place to rest than by this walk bordered with magnificent old
flowering trees and shrubs? A northern city garden

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

1908

Marcu,

9. The best way to have cut flowers by the armful is to grow flowers for this purpose in the vegetable 10. A garden for cut flowers which has something
garden

First. Take the four show gardens on
page 66 and see how much repose they have
in them. You see that repose in No. 1, the
great meadow where cattle feed just as in
an English park, although this estate is
surrounded by a large city. Again you
see it in No. 2 in the atmosphere of seclusion
and its suggestion of shady seats. In No.
3, the repose element is a subtler one to find,
but it dwells in the high walls of green on
three sides of this tiny garden which exists
only to give a dot of bright color im a mere
corner of this house. As for No. 4 this
famous Southern garden with its eleven
acres of azaleas breathes a perfect spirit of
restfulness and refreshment.

Second. Let us take the four reposeful
gardens on page 67 and see whether they
have a fair show of flowers. In No. 5 you
see forget-me-nots naturalized on the bank
and the water lilies are suggested, but the
chief glory of this woodside water garden
is its rhododendrons. No. 6 is merely a

hardy border, a trifle monotonous in this
section perhaps, but having plenty of variety
as a whole. No. 7 is a new kind of winter
garden with real grass for a floor and birds
flying about in it, instead of cement walks,
potted plants in tiers and a clammy atmos-
phere. It is not particularly showy in this
picture, but azalea bushes are in it and
young magnolia trees and tulips ccme right
up out of the real earth, and the family live
yall winter among the flowers and drink
their tea and receive their friends upon a
real lawn that bears no sign of “keep off
the grass.”” No. 8 also shows no hint of
gorgeousness, but this simple seaside walk
is lined with many of the most glorious
flowering trees in cultivation.

Third. Let us take the two utility gardens
shown on this page. See how much of
neatness and economy No. 9 gains by
being merged in the vegetable garden, and
how No. ro is made more dignified by its
seclusion.

more than efficiency and neatness— seclusion

Fourth. Let us take the two collectors’
gardens. In both the flowers are set in
straight rows and in unit beds of rectangular
shape, but need I point out how the other
precious things are preserved? Surely any-
one can see that the atmosphere of both is
due to the shade cast by the trees, but these
trees are not allowed to spoil either flowers
or view. Again, in both gardens the flowers
are lovelier because they havea background —
the peonies have the evergreen hedge, the
roses have the lake.

So I say, let us specialize all we want
to, but let us have proportion too. And
if you wish a perfect example of proportion,
you should get permission to see the estate
of Professor Charles Sprague Sargent at
Brookline, Mass., where you will see every
department of gardening well represented,
each in its proper place and all in harmo-
nious order. Long may it continue to ke the
inspiration of American Jandscape gardeners
and of the American people!

11. A collector's garden which exists primarily for enjoying peonies, but it also has privacy, repose, 12. A collector’s garden which is also more than a

atmosphere and other precious things

lot of labels and rectangular beds

Marcu, 1908

The Readers’ Service Department of
this magazine is glad to examine any reader’s
own plans for home grounds and gardens and
rectify obvious mistakes before money is
spent; to suggest plants for special soils,
situations, and purposes; sometimes to show
how badly arranged places can be rearranged
with better effect and even to give specific sug-

How to Have a Perfect Vegetable Garden—By J. L. Kayan, "x

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

gestions about flower gardens; but it cannot
make plans of any sort. All this it will do
without charge, if furnished with reasonably
full information, particularly sketches and
photographs.

It cannot undertake to satisfy idle curiosity
about the gardens here illustrated or any
of the hundred gardens for special purposes

69

listed on page 94, but whenever a letter
shows an earnest desire to study any par-
ticular example, the address of the owner will
be revealed, provided visitors are allowed.

Communications intended for The Readers’
Service Department or the Editor should
enclose a stamped and _ self-addressed
envelope.

Pennsyl-

A CAREFULLY TESTED METHOD OF PLANNING A VEGETABLE GARDEN TO EXACTLY SUIT YOUR
REQUIREMENTS—NOT A THEORY, BUT A REAL WAY THAT ASSURES SUCCESS TO THE BEGINNER

a complete success of any vegetable
garden depends ‘on these four factors:
A working plan together with a system of
record-keeping that will enable the gardener
to properly plant the gardens. A selection of
the varieties best suited to the location.
Fertile soil, which promotes rapid growth.
Good cultivation.

A good working plan is essential to the
amateur gardener, so that he may give each
vegetable the proper space and know where
and when succession plantings will be located
that none interferes with any other. Without
this the average person will find that, when
the time arrives for planting late crops there
is no space, or they have to be crowded
between other rows.

Until some experience is gained the
wise gardener will rely upon the time-
honored varieties of known value, or try
out two or three that are popular fa-
vorites, because that means they succeed
over a wide range. Then, with that as a
starter, make trials of other and newer
kinds as they appear until one is found
that surpasses all others in that special
location. Each year get the seedsmen’s
catalogues and purchase, for experimental
purposes, a few of those varieties that
seem best—a short row or a few plants
will do. Beware of bargain-counter seeds;
buy only the best grades.

Well rotted stable manure is a mine of
wealth to the vegetable grower as the soil
of a heavily cropped garden can hardly be
made too rich. Moreover, the decaying
vegetable matter of the manure will make
heavy soils lighter and more easily worked,
while sandy soils are made more retentive
of moisture. Fertilizer, which is more easily
mixed with the soil and requires less space
for storage, can be used in the hills or mixed
with the soil when setting out plants and
for succession planting. It is best used in
connection with a good dressing of manure,
plowed in.

Cultivation not only destroys weeds but
the soil mulch thus produced retains moisture
and aérates the soil. Cultivation is as
important as fertility. I would not attempt
to cultivate a garden without a wheel hoe.
A good one will last for years, but will earn
its cost the first year by reducing the labor
of cultivation nine-tenths, the only hand
work necessary being between the plants
in the rows.

These three rules given me long ago have
helped much, and I pass them on so that
others may profit by them:

t. Always sow and plant in freshly stirred
soil.

2. Kill weeds before they start.

3. Crowded plants are cripples.

By keeping an exact system of records
over a term of several vears, I have succeeded
in evolving for my own vegetable garden
a plan which I submit is as nearly perfect
as is possible to get it. The garden itself
measures 68 x 60 ft., and every bit of space
is used to the utmost at all times of the year.
In THE GARDEN MacGazinE for February,
1907, pages 21 and 22, is described my
system of vest-pocket records which has
helped me to make the present plan. This
is not merely an ideal; the plan shows my
garden asit was last year, 1907, and the tables
on pages 70 and 71 show ata glance the
actual results, every vegetable grown, the
varieties, and the time of harvest, too.

The plan and the table taken together
will enable anyone to design a garden which
should be equally satisfactory and can be
easily adapted to any other area by merely
lengthening or shortening the rows, or
striking out such as may not be needed.
My object is to produce fresh vegetables

k—

GS E22.
toltai-length-of-two
sections =SOFtE OS In.

For convenience this working plan is made;
complete plan (see next page) being Kept indoors

the

of superior quality and in continuous supply,
and I do it.

The rows should run north and south so
as to give the crops the greatest amount of
benefit from the sunshine, and the spaces
indicated on the plan are the smallest that
can be adopted without sacrificing something
in yield. The detailed plan shows the
position of everything grown in the garden,
and is self-explanatory in nearly all itsdetails.

At one end of the garden is a bed of perma-
nent crops (rhubarb and asparagus). On
each side is a 4-foot width planted with berry
bushes. Inside of this on each side is a
shallow gutter used as a pathway through
the garden. It also serves to carry off the
rain and surplus water, the slope being
toward the rear of the garden. A narrow
path twelve inches wide extends across the
garden between the rows of small vegetables
to facilitate gathering and cultivation.

Slightly below the centre of the garden
and where this pathway crosses it, there is
a line marked on the plan AB, which divides
the whole plan into two unequal portions.
The rotation followed, which is about as
much as can be obtained in a small garden,
consists in shifting around these sections
above and below this line.

With the facts that I now have before me
I can so plan my garden as to grow exactly
the desired quantity of any vegetable, and
it is an easy matter to compute the length
of row required from the figures of yield
given in the tables. The varieties named
I recommend, because I have tried them
and found them worthy. The column
giving similar varieties will enable the
amateur to substitute without destroying
the unity of the whole scheme. The dates
of planting the various crops are given under
the plan and the time of maturity or harvest
is found in the third columns of the tables.

I do not draw a complete planting plan
each year, but make, for convenience in the
garden, a smaller working plan which can be
carried about without any inconvenience. I
draw it full length to a scale one-quarter inch
to a foot, but the width is made only suffi-
cient to give space for writing in the names
of the various vegetables and the dates of
planting. The one I actually use is three
and one-half inches wide.

Since the garden is divided into two sec-
tions by the line AB, this working plan is
also made in two sections which are put

70

alongside each other in order to save space.
No account is taken of the permanent crops
around the sides, nor of the rhubarb and
asparagus bed at the end. The blank spaces
to the right of the working plan are used for
memoranda, showing the number of plants
in the few mixed rows which cannot be so
conveniently marked in their proper places
on the plan. For instance:

1o Okra @ 24 ins ont.
15 Peppers @ 15 in. 18 ft. 9 in.
6 Egg plants @ 26% in.==13 ft. 3 in.

Total. = 52 ft.

With this plan prepared in advance of the
planting season, I can plant any given vege-
table in its proper position in the row at any
time.

Our plan being done and the spring season
opened up and the ground put into condition
for planting, I go over the garden and meas-
ure it off according to the plan, driving stakes
to mark the end of every row. In order
to get everything exact the stakes are merely
placed in lightly until the whole of one side
is marked off. Then, being satisfied that
all is correct, the stakes are driven in so that
they may stay permanently.

The stakes are ten inches long made from
4-inch board and each one is marked with
the name of the crop that is to occupy
that row. My garden measure is a 1-inch
square pine rod six feet long, one side of
which is divided into feet and inches, the
remaining three sides being marked off into
4, 5 and 6inch spaces. With this measur-
ing rod (which by the by ought to be part
of the equipment of every garden) a plant
can be set at any distance without counting
inches merely by laying the rod along the
row and moving it forward as the work
progresses.

I think that my system gives the greatest
amount of positive information on succes-
sional planting that it is possible to get, and
with the crops started according to the dates
here given, the ground will be ready to take
the succession crops at the proper time,
giving the greatest continuous yield from
the area under cultivation.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE r Marcu, 1908

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PLANTING DATES FOR THE ABOVE PLAN — April 25, pea (late and early), potato; 26, spinach, onion seed and sets, beet,
Carrot; 27, cabbage, corn (early), lettuce seed and plants; 29, herbs, celery seed, parsley plants; 30, bush bean.

May 8, tomato (early); 13, lima bean, pole bean, spinach, okra, corn (early); 18, pepper, tomato (late) egg plant; 20,
carrot; 22, cucumber, lima bean}; 24, corn (early); 25, cabbage.

June 8, corn (late), squash ; 25, corn (late). July and August, kale.

July 15, corn (late) ; 25, corn (late), celery. August 1, lettuce, turnip; 10, spinach; 25, spinach.

Complete record plan for the 68x60 ft. garden showing actual planting dates and succession for 1907. The
tables below show the actual yields for given lengths of row, varieties, etc.

VEGETABLES IN USE DURING JUNE

VARIETY RECOMMENDED AND
VEGETABLE THE REASON

WHEN FIRST |YIELD FOR SPACE] SIMILAR VARIETIES | DEPTH | DISTANCE | DISTANCE
USED AND How | INDICATED ON |OR SUBSTITUTES FOR| TO SOW | APARTIN|BETWEEN| POINTS ON MANAGEMENT, STARTING

Bean, bush....| Stringless Green Pod, stringless even
when Oldi~ i esas eet ae ae
NeGtHICe ys = .cyeci= *Hanson, crisp head variety, curly
crinkled leaves, large, good while
young. Deacon, good for winter in cold-
frames, fine quality, large heads. *All
Seasons, similar to Deacon, larger
heads, stands heat better. Crisp-as-
Ice, extra fine, brittle as ice, medium
4 size. Express Cos, pointedheads......
Onion Asses 1. ,White Portugal or Silverskin, medium
size, flat, fine pickled. 2. Prizetaker,
large, mild, yellow-skinned, often sold
as Bermudas. Southport Red Globe,
long-keeping globe, good quality.... .

Peasencscee oe *Surprise, wrinkled, fine, medium size
peas, 30 inches 55 days. Premium Gem,
wrinkled, fine, peas large, 18 in. 60
days. Imp. Stratagem, wrinkled, ex-
tra fine, peas very large, 20 in. 7o days.

*Profusion, wrinkled, vines heavy, good
sized peas, 36 in. 70 days.......-----

LONG PLAN RECOMMENDED ONES| (INCHES) |ROW (INS.)|ROWS (IN.) PLANTS, ETC.

June zoth to] 34 pks. ...... Early Red Valentine] 14 to2..| 4 to 6 ..| 24....-. Thin to proper distance apart; will yield
July xrsth.... slight strings ..-- better: 2225 sctioeae / cciaetes eee 6
May sth to] zooplants -...| Icebergforcrisphead| 4torz,...| 6 to 12..| 12...--. Set plants 3 to 6 in. apart in row; use
Aug, Ist sci. 75 heads... . May King, Nansen every other plant as growth closes the
Cal. Cream Butter row, allow to stand 12 in. to finish
growth. This method gives largest yield

for space occupied,

June sth on| 4 pts sets....-- Barletta for pickling,| 4 to 1..| 3 to 4,..| 12.....- Sown thickly in band 4 in. wide makes
and all winter] 6 gts. Portugal.| Yellow Globe Dan- sets 4 torin. diameter. Sets are good
6 pks. large...| vers, Any Southport keepers, large bulbs fair keepers, if

Globes.g-c-ce eee properly ripened. May be planted 2

in, apart and thinned by using every
alternate one.

June 18th to] 8 pks,........ (Grads 26k bho-|eautOnseuer| Lier 24dwf...| Sow earlies 3 in., late 5 in. deep. Deep
July 12th .... mas Laxton, 36 in. 30 tall .. plenane keeps root cool, they stand heat
Nott’s Excelsior, 20 etter. Support on chicken wire, use

in., Dwarf Cham- I2 in., can be made any height, fasten to

DOL, ZN ssoce5 stakes set 10 ft. apart, better than brush.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

VEGETABLES IN USE DURING JULY

Marcu, 1908 71
VEGETABLES IN USE DURING JUNE—Continued
a WHEN FIRST |VIELD FOR SPACE| SIMILAR VARIETIES | DEPTH | DISTANCE | DISTANCE
VEGETABLE Ua Sect nee ND USED AND How] INDICATED ON |OR SUBSTITUTES FOR| TO Sow | APART IN| BETWEEN| POINTS ON Pe eee STARTING
LONG PLAN RECOMMENDED ONES| (INCHES) |ROw (rNS.)/ROwS (IN.) (AINSI

Parsley jan ss. )-1- *Champion Moss Curled, beautiful] June 8th and| No count taken} Emerald or Extra] }to4 -..| 6to8...| 12-..... Dig in fall, put in coldframe, have fresh
curled variety, the best. Dwarf Per-| alltheyear... Dwarf Curled...... all winter. Sow seed Feb. ist if wanted
fection, curled, and with darker foliage early.
than lalbovelteysickeyc ce ciciscmvelea yaciecle nes

Radish. .......| Giant Crimson Globe, will grow large] June 1st to July} 20 bunches....) Early ScarletTurnip,} 1. ..-.-- BNO oll FAsseooe Can be sowed between any wide planted
size and not get pithy. Snow White,| ast .....-...- Scarlet Globe, White row for succession. Sow thin with carrot,
best maggot resister of large number BOX vay fecrteaces germinates quickly, marks rows for cul-
(ise o copes obo eeEseccuBocccosoas tivation; all used before carrots need

thinning.
Spinach _.....-.| Victoria, April sowed, ready in 38 to 4o| May 27th to| 5 pks, .......- Bloomsdale or Nor-| } to 1...| 3 to 6...] 12...... Let stand close in row, thin same as
LINEE Fe ata Rom eetisc Men comes pmre June 24th. ... folk Savoy Leaved lettuce.

AND AUGUST

WHEN FIRST |YIELD FOR SPACE] SIMILAR VARIETIES | DEPTH | DISTANCE | DISTANCE
VEGETABLE VARIETY RECOMMENDED AND USED AND How | INDICATED ON |oR SUBSTITUTES FOR| To sow | APART IN | BETWEEN POINTS ON MANAGEMENT, STARTING
TREND RIDASTON LONG PLAN RECOMMENDED ONES| (INCHES) |ROW (INS.)/ROWS (IN.) PLANTS; ETC.

Bean, Lima _.}| Dreer’s Improved or Challenger, thick,] July 28th to] 14 pks......-- No similar, try Early} 1 to 1} ..| 36.-...-- Aare ee Leave 3 vines to each pole, pinch when
round bean of highest quality... ...... frOSteN ree Leviathan, King of vines reach top of poles.

the Garden......

Bean, pole _--} Burger’s Stringless Green pod, absolutely| July oth to] 8 pks. ........ White Creaseback,} 1 to 14} ..] 36---... Aa SF Leave 4 vines of Burger’s to each pole.
stringless, great yielder, none better} frost. .......- Lazy Wife’s... .

Beet. 22505: Early Model, a tender early beet. *Mar-| July 1st on and] 20 bunches....} Crosby’s Egyptian, Trypan: BiG ooall Mi becace Thin to 3 or 4 in., use every alternate one
met Gardeners, early and fine, quality] all winter... . 2 bushels. ..-..- Imp. Blood Crim- to give room for growth. This method

always, one sowing. . son Globe.... --..- increases yield.

Cabbage, early Jersey Wakefield, a ‘first early “solid] July rst to Oct.| 30 heads ...... Extra Early Express,| 4 to1r...] 18-.-..- DAE ES Sow March ist, transplant not less 2
pointed heads, which soon burst.} Ist...-.-.-..- Early Spring, Suc- x 3 in. Plant 1st and 2nd early alter-
Early Summer, 2nd early, flat heads, CREDO» 5d accacoo nately, so kale can be set out.
stands long before bursting. ........-

Carrot ....... Scarlet Horn, early, small, good quality] July 8th on and| 20 bunches and| Golden Ball, smaller] }to1 ..| 2to4...| 12.....- Thin to 2 in., use every alternate one so
2 crops same ground. Rubicon, an| all winter.....| 13 bushels....| than S.Horn, Chan- balance can grow, gives increased yield,
imp, Danvers, large stump rooted, fine tenay, Oxheart... make them slightly later.

GAIN ba cadgmoonecoboocueuage goes

Sweet Corn __} Golden Bantam, early, dwf., yellow] July zothto Oct.| so doz. ears ...| EarlyFordhook,Ext.| 1 to 2 ..| 20 to 36-| 30 to 36 .| Leave 3 stalks to each hill, remove smut
grains, finest quality, good vyielder.| 2o0th.........- Early Adams,Stow- as soon as formed, succession sowings
Country Gentleman, main crop, finest ell’s Evergreen, must be well fed.
quality, deep grains, none better...... White Evergreen

Cucumber.-_-_.| Fordhook Famous, large white spine; Julyrsthto Aug.) 2 doz........| Arlington or Early| 1 to 14..| 48 to 60 .; 48 to 60 Leave 3 or 4 plants per hill, need watching
type, small seed space. Green Pro-| isth......-- White Spine, Ford- Use Bordeaux and Paris green.
lific or Boston Pickling, medium size hook Pickling,

Cumberland Pick.

Egg Plant... ..-| Black Beauty, early, beautiful dark) Aug. tst until] 18 large.. ..-.. New York Purple ..| } seed- MUG Ze =\| BG ocanca Sow seed Feb. 20th, give bottom heat,
TAGS, 1S CUEING >soosccece Ose05ned after frost...-| 6small....... paneer transplant to 3-inch pots.

Okra. . 2c: Perkin’s Mammoth Green Pod, use when| July 25 to frost-| 200 pods...... Kleckley’s Favorite] 1-...... Dares BS) cannes Grows 5 to 6 ft. tall, ripe pods r2 in.
pods are 4to 5 in. long...-.--.......-

Pepper....... Ruby King, large. red sweet, Golden| From plants] to doz. ripe, 1o| List gives choice var-| }seedpan| 15 to 18-| 30...... Sow March 1st, transplant 24x 3 in.
Queen, large, yellow, sweet, compan-| July 20th to} doz. asstd.| ieties Try Chinese] } outside Peppers should be more largely grown
ion to Ruby King. Neapolitan, red.| frost,then pick-/ picked at frost} Giant, needs light and used as garnishes, in salads, baked,
grows upright, heavy bearer. Tomato] ed. These will soil to do well ...-. etc. Varieties vary greatly and are
like a small tomato in color and shape,| keep about 30 interesting.
thick-fleshed, sweet. Cayenne, red,| days....-....
long, thin hot, used for seasoning ..-

Potato, early _| trish Cobbler early, chunky, few eyes,| July xoth till} 2} bushels.. ..| Eureka, Early Ohio] 3 to 4...| 10 to 12.) 24...... Spray with Bordeaux and Paris green,
4 goodhqualitysepecemce cae eeeen cee USEC osonacas Early Rose ....-.- Sulphur sowed in rows prevents scab.
Spinach.._... New Zealand, not a true spinach, but an| July sth to] Used freely, no|...........-....-- HAG) Bosal Yisosaca BO eee Only one sowing needed, grows as fast
excellent substitute.......-...-..-..: AE OStr ree sete Ccounteeeeee as cut, will selfsow
Tomato....--.] Farliest Pink, medium size, solid, fine] From vines Ju-| 12 bushels ripe| Earliana,June Pink, + seed-| r8ontrel-| 36 to 48-| Sow early. Feb. 15, transplant to 3-in. and
quality, but rough. *Chalk’s Jewel,| ly 4th till frost) 14 bushels] Success, Magnifi-| pan, 4] lis; 360n then 4-in. pots, sow late Mar. 1st, trans-
early, medium size, scarlet, finest qual-) then picked] green, picked] cent (Golden Dwf.| garden stakes; plant 33 x 34 to 44x 44 in. I use boxes
ity, smooth, bears till frost. *Match-| and stored,| before frost...| Champion)...... 48 on 12x 18 in., 15 plants to box. Grow on
less, late, large, solid, scarlet, finest] used till Dec. ground trellis allow but 2 stems to each plant,
quality. *Stone, fruit like Matchless,| 1sth.....-...- keep all side shoots cut off, this gives first
foliage slightly heavier. Golden quality fruit and large yield for space

Queen, large, solid, yellow, heavy occupied.
bearers ondvearlye9 3 sees eae cere
VEGETABLES IN USE IN THE FALL
a
WHEN FIRST |YIELD FORSPACE| SIMILAR VARIETIES | DEPTH | DISTANCE | DISTANCE
VEGETABLE VARIETY RECOMMENDED AND USED AND HoW| INDICATED ON |OR SUBSTITUTES FOR| TO SOW | APARTIN|BETWEEN| POINTS ON MANAGEMENT, STARTING
THE REASON LONG PLAN RECOMMENDED ONES| (INCHES) |ROW (INS.)|/ROWS (1N.) PLANTS, ETC.

Cabbage, late__| Surehead, large, flat heads, solid and| Oct. x1sth on} 4o heads.....- Premium Flat] }to1...| 24...... YA aaa Sow 6 weeks before time to set out; use

sweet, sure heading. Drumhead Sa-| and all winter Dutch, Short Stem slug-shot for worms, effective, and harm-

Celery voy, crinkled leaves, finest quality... ..-. Drumhead ...... less to humans. i d

ESS PS See White Plume, early, almost self-blanch-| Noy. rst to] 200 plants -.-.| Golden Self-blanch-| 1-16 cov-| 6 to 8...) 36.-.--.| Sow early, cover with fine soi] or sand,
ing, fine quality. Paris Rose Rib,| Mar. ist ...- ing, Large Ribbed] er with keep shaded until sprouts, thin to } to
pink celery is fine, easily blanched, Red,Winter Queen,| fine soil 1 in. apart, as it grows trim tops to make
good keeper. Giant Pascal, fine large Evan’s Triumph..} or sand. stocky.

Kale stalks, late, fine keeper............-- ‘

Sie peda! a) Se = Imperial or Tall Scotch curled, hardy,| After hard frost] ..........-.-. Dwarf German or] $#to1..-| 12 to 18] 24....-- Sow June sth and July ist; as cabbage

Lettuce curled leaves, 18 in. long............. Sein sosoadouss is used, set out.

SAR RSIS, Hanson, Deacon, All Seasons. Crisp-| Sept. 20th to] zso plants, 25) See June ........| # to 1..-| 6 to 12..| 12......| Can be transplanted to coldframe for

Spinach EGS. Gs pooch saoReenaboodacd goons freezing... -- - heads coldframe winter use. j A (i

pinach ..._.. *! Victoria, one of the best............-. Ovi, ah“ tO|) SWI sscebocs Seeuumel oacacee PPK) Hedell GUO Wood) tacacss Will stand over winter if covered with

Squash : freezing... .-. - straw. .

ehcingeaiciete Fordhook, fine quality, oblong fruits, can| Sept. and all] 25 squash ....| Try Delicious ....| 1 to 1}..| 48 to 96] 96.--..-| Leave 3 to 4 plants to hill. (No bush
bequsedeanya tines ase enemies ee winter) =... - kinds grown.)

Turnip ........ Purple Top Globe, white flesh, globe] Oct. roth on} 1% bushels ..-.| Red Top Globe,| 4 to1..-| 4to6...! 12-..-.. Do better if grown in rows, can be cul-

shape. Yellow Globe or Amber] and all winter Yellow Aberdeen. . tivated,
Globe, yellow flesh. ....-.--..-...-.

Besides these Fall vegetables, the following goodly array yield until frost:
VEGETABLES USED DURING WINTER.
Carrots, 14 bushels.

30 heads.

*When several varieties are recommended those marked with an asterisk (*) have proven to be the best in their season,
The dates and yields given are the average for several seasons, none are extraordinary and many can be exceeded.

Celery, 150 plants.

Turnips, 14 bushels.

Of the yields as given in the tables, the following vegetables were stored for winter use:
Kale used all winter, when not covered with snow.

Lima and pole beans, egg plant, pepper, beets, corn, okra, tomato, carrots.

Beets, 2 bushels. Cabbage,
Parsley from coldframe all winter.

Nott’s Excelsior, one of the dwarf second early peas, is among the best favored and most productive varieties. Note the square ended, well filled pod

How to Have the Sweetest and Earliest Peas—By E. D. Darlington, 7.

WHICH ARE THE MOS? DOLICIOUS AND WHY — HOW TO GET A CROP OF PEAS IN SIXTY DAYS —
HOW TO TAKE AD, ANLAGE OF OUR PECULIAR AND SOMEWHAT UNFAVORABLE CLIMATE

| Rese ee speaking the quality and flavor
of different varieties of garden peas may
be determined from the appearance of the dry
seed or peas. ‘The small white seed of the
extra early kinds is hard, smooth, and almost
flinty when dry; but these seeds are very
hardy and may be planted very early in the
spring or even late in the fall to lie dormant
during the winter. These hard-seeded sorts,
however, give very tender and exceptionally
sweet and juicy peas for the table if gathered
just before they reach full size, so that in
many gardens they are esteemed above all
others. In addition, because they come in
very early and are among the very first prod-
ucts of the garden, they are perhaps the
more keenly relished. Still, it must be kept
in mind that as these peas become older and
harder the sweetness disappears rapidly, so
that if the pods are allowed to become the
least bit yellowed on the vine the cooked peas
will be about as enjoyable as so many pellets
of wood.

Among the larger-seeded, later varieties
there are several which have seeds of smooth,
or nearly smooth, outline and a hard, flinty
texture. These are hardy, vigorous, and can
be grown under less favorable conditions,
but must be gathered and eaten before they
reach full size to be at all palatable.

As contrasted with the smooth, or n2arly
smooth, hard-seeded, hardier peas, there are
both early and late varieties in which the dry
seed is very much shriveled or shrunken,
this being due to the large percentage of
sugar contained in the green peas. Varieties

having this characteristic are more tender
and sweeter in flavor when cooked, and con-
tinue ina good edible condition for a greater
length of time — that is, the peas are still
sweet after they reach full size and will be
quite palatable when gathered at a stage of
ripeness at which the hard, round-seeded sorts
would be tough and flavorless.

This wrinkled and shriveled seed, however,
is too tender to plant before the soil is
warm and partially dried out in the spring;
aside from this, they are practically as early
and quite as productive as the poorer flavored
sorts with hard seeds.

The time of gathering the peas has an
important bearing on the flavor. Generally
it is best to gather them in the early morning,
putting them in a cool place until needed,
and shelling them from the pods just before
they are to be cooked. Pods gathered in
the middle of the day when they have been
exposed to the hot sunshine for some time
give hard, tough peas, unless the day be
cool and cloudy.

THE FIRST EARLIES

The best known and most generally
planted garden peas are the “extra early”
kinds with small, smooth, white seeds.
Their great merit is that the hard seed is
not liable to rot in the ground before it be-
comes warmed. ‘The vines make a slender
growth with comparatively sparse or open
(not dense) foliage, and grow from eighteen
inches to two and one-half feet in height,
yielding pods for gathering in from sixty

72

to seventy days from the time of planting.
The parent of this class is the old Phila-
delphia Extra Early or Daniel O’ Rourke, but
constant selection to increase the earliness
has resulted in almost as many varieties
(or names) as there are seedsmen. Some
houses even offer (under different titles)
two or more selections of this same pea
which differ only in their time of maturity
from the seed.

The young peas, gathered just before
they reach full size, are sweet and tender,
and are so highly esteemed by those who
realize and act upon this fact that in some
gardens they are planted every week for
succession, in preference to the larger-podded
and more sugary later varieties.

The effort to secure extreme earliness
has been accompanied by a dwarfing of
the vine, with smaller pods, and those not
as well filled with peas. Market gardeners.
and others growing peas for profit rather
than for quality alone plant Maud S. and
Lightning strains because they yield more
heavily. Slightly later, with a little taller
growth, larger and better filled pods is.
Prolific Early, ready for use three to five
days later than the extremely early type;.
but the increase in the yield is well worth
a few days’ waiting.

A good grower and very productive, but
poor in flavor, is Alaska, probably the most
generally planted variety for canning because
of the ease with which it can be grown.
It is a certaim cropper, has a slightly wrinkled,
dark blue seed and is almost as early as the:

Marcu, 1908

best of the white-seeded extra earlies. The
popular Station or Surprise is equally. as
early, but has a more slender vine growing
eighteen inches high. It has not become
as popular, largely perhaps because the
pods and peas are smaller; at the same time
the peas are exceptionally tender and sweet.
It is one of the best American peas.

The most important development among
peas in recent years was when the English
gardeners succeeded in getting the larger pod
and pea with wrinkled seed into the early
group. ‘They are not quite so early as the
round-seeded kinds—perhaps a week later
—hbut come before the second earlies. The
best known varieties of this type are Gradus
and Thomas Laxton. Gradus (also called
Prosperity) was the first introduced and
grows eighteen inches to two feet in height,
has a slender vine and comparatively sparse
leafage, with large pods three to four inches
in length well filled with large peas. The
whole plant is very light colored. Farther
north, where weather conditions are more
favorable, this variety grows to four feet in
height and bears much more abundantly.

Thomas Laxton, while similar to Gradus
in the height of vine, is about three days later in
season; it hasleaves, pods and peasof adarker,
richer green and is regarded by connoisseurs
as being better flavored. The pods are
square or blunt at the apical end while
those of Gradus slope to a sharp point.
Thus for the same sized pod the Laxton
will have one or two more peas and as a
rule the Laxton pods are better filled with
peas. In my estimation, it is the better
variety, but it has not become as popular
as the Gradus, because the latter was intro-
duced first and stands as the representative
of the newer type.

THE SECOND EARLY KINDS

Until the advent of the Gradus type of pea
it was the wrinkled seed varieties of the second
early group that were relied upon for quality,
and were planted the most largely. The
pods are larger and the peas sweeter than
those of the first earlies and the pods are

Prolific Early type, five days later than the earliest
but a heavier cropper and worth waiting for

TOE GARD EYN| MPASG A Zl N 1

ready to gather in sixty-five to seventy-five
days after sowing.

For the small home garden the dwarf
varieties of this group will be the most satis-
factory because, although they are not so
productive as the later ones, the rows may
be planted more closely together and there
is no brush or trellis to be provided. The
original variety of this type, Tom Thumb,
has been discarded for better varieties, the
earliest maturing of these, the American
Wonder, coming in succession after the
smaller seeded extra earlies, has a heavier
stalk and larger, deeper green leaves. The
pods are two and a half inches long,
pointed, and fairly well filled with peas
of good size and flavor. The popular
Nott’s Excelsior is an improved American
Wonder, more evenly dwarf in growth,
with well filled, square ended pods. Pre-
mium Gem, of taller growth than the two
preceding and a little later in season, will
produce a few more pods to the plant, but
the shelled result is about the same, as the
pods are not quite as large.

Senator, one of the most productive of the second
early Kinds. Has pointed ends

In the taller-growing second earlies the
vines attain a height of about two and one-
half feet, and need support. The best
known type has round pods, averaging three
inches in length, well filled with peas of
medium size and fairly sweet flavor. The
pods hang well out from the foliage, some-
times two to a single stem, and are easily
gathered. Advancer, Horsford’s Market
Garden, Yorkshire Hero, Bliss Everbearing,
and Profusion are good varieties of this
type, and in good soil will continue produc-
tive for about a week or ten days.

The newer and better flavored second
earlies are normally of the same height as
the preceding, but in a cool location will
grow taller with a longer period of bearing.
Like Gradus and Laxton in the extra earlies,
they have larger, broader pods generally
of a rich, dark green color, containing very
large and very sweet peas. My favorite

73

Gradus, a first early with wrinkled seeds, so cannot
be sown so soon as a round seeded sort

araong these is the Duke of Albany, some-
times called American Champion. It is
a good grower, quite productive, of excellent
flavor and comes in after Gradus. The
most productive variety of its season is
Senator with a larger, more rounded pod
than the Duke of Albany. The pods are
slightly curved and are borne generally in
pairs on a single stem. Other excellent
large-podded, mid-season varieties are the
Shropshire Hero, MHurst’s Reliance, and
Heroine.

THE LATE AND MARROWFAT VARIETIES

Undoubtedly the very best quality is
found in this group; but since, with the
single exception of Dwarf Champion, all
these late varieties are of English origin,
they do not take very kindly to our seasons,
except in the cooler sections. This group
has very large pods, six inches long and
exceptionally broad, giving peas of pro-
portionate size, and of rich, sweet flavor.
They yield in about eighty or more days
from sowing.

All the late varieties need staking, even
the dwarf kinds; for if left to lie on the ground
the foliage and pods mildew badly in wet
weather, and as the period of growthis longer,
they can be more easily cultivated during
growth if supported. The vine is thick
stemmed and about eighteen inches in height,
with very large, deep green leaves set closely
together.

The earliest and best flavored of this class
is British Wonder (one of the newer varie-
ties) maturing in less than eighty days
from sowing and having more rounded
pods. Carter’s Daisy, or Dwarf Telephone,
and Stratagem are varieties to grow for
quality. Pride of the Market, largely grown
by farmers, has equally large pods and peas
of a very dark, rich green, but is not so sweet

Thomas Laxton, like Gradus, but with larger pods and
larger grains

and the peas soon become dry and tasteless
after reaching full size. Dwarf Champion,
growing two feet in height is more slender
in the vine and has more open foliage,
resembling the old favorite Champion of
England in everything but height.

The tallest growing late varieties will aver-
age from four to five feet in height under fa-
vorable conditions and need a strong, firmly
planted brush or trellis support to keep
them erect, and the rows spaced at least
four feet apart to admit the light and air
freely to the lower portion of the vines and
to the soil about the roots. The old varie-
ties of thirty to forty years ago, White
Marrowfat and Black Eye Marrowfat, are

Why Cheap Seed is Expensive—By C. H. Claudy,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

strong growers and very productive, with
well filled, rounded pods and peas of me-
dium size but very inferior flavor, becoming
tasteless if allowed to attain full size before
being gathered. A recently offered variety
of this type, Marblehead Marrowfat, has
a slightly shorter and thicker pod and peas
of distinctly sweeter flavor. The popular
favorite of this class, Champion of England,
is a good grower and productive, with large
pods and peas of good size far superior in
sweetness and flavor to the Marrowfats
which it succeeded. I think the French
Petit Pois should be more generally planted
owing to the ease with which it can be grown
and its great productiveness. It is a tall
growing, slender vine, with slightly curved,
fully rounded pods, slender in form and
closely packed with small peas, which like
the small extra earlies are deliciously sweet
if gathered young. And that is the secret;
for as soon as they attain full size the peas
are dry and tasteless.

The best known of this type is the Tele-
phone, a very excellent variety in every
way, but unfortunately some of the stocks
offered have been allowed to become mixed
with a small, round-podded type greatly
inferior in quality.

Evolution is another very large pea of
this class, of about the same season as Tele-
phone. Alderman and Boston Unrivaled
are still larger podded and later in season
—but the reader will please bear in mind
that Boston, England, is the city from which
the latter is named. Telegraph is a very
large podded, late variety, largely planted
on Long Island for the New York markets,

Marcu,-1908

and while of excellent appearance, it is
inferior to the others in flavor.

SUGAR OR EDIBLE PODDED PEAS

These differ from the ordinary peas in that
the pods gathered while young and tender
and before the peas have developed fully, are
broken and cooked like snap beans. They are
not popular, but to my palate are very pleas-
ing and they add variety to the table delicacies.

The Dwarf Sugar Gray is the earliest
variety, being a little later in season than
the American Wonder, grows fifteen inches
high and bears a large number of rather
small, fleshy, green pods. The Tall Gray
Sugar grows about three feet high, is very
productive and has fairly broad pods three
inches in length. The Mammoth Melting
Sugar is offered under a number of different
titles. It is later than the Tall Gray Sugar
and does not bear nearly as many pods, but
they are frequently six to seven inches long,
an inch and a quarter broad, of a deep,
waxy yellow, quite meaty and the best
flavored of this class. A new type of the
sugar pea has recently been introduced
from France under the name of Half
Sugar. In this the pods can be gathered
young and cooked like snap-short beans
or the peas can be allowed to reach full size
and shelled like the common garden type.

The dwarfest of all peas is Sutton’s
Forcing (of the second early group) about
eight inches high and bearing three pods
to the vine. On account of its very dwarf
habit, it is used chiefly for forcing under
glass. On page go will be found a planter’s
quick guide to the varieties,

Washing-
ton, D. C.

A SURPRISING COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO LOTS OF SEED. THE ONE SURE WAY FOR THE AMATEUR
TO GET THE BEST, IF HE IS WILLING TO PAY THE PRICE— HINTS ON HOME TESTING FOR VITALITY

OOD seed is worth good money.
The quality of the seeds used is such
a factor in farming success or failure that
it may be broadly stated, as a general rule,
that the unsuccessful farmers are the farmers
who buy cheap seed. It seems difficult
for them to realize that seed at fifteen dollars
a hundred pounds can be much cheaper than
seed at five dollars a hundred pounds. The
up-to-date modern farmer never hesitates
to pay the top price for what he wants.
Price, indeed, is a small consideration to
him; he wants the best quality. This is
more especially true of high-grade vegetable
seeds.

As the ordinary buyer of seeds cannot
tell by looking at them whether they are
good or not, he must take the word of the
seedsman from whom he is purchasing, and
many times the seedsman himself does not
know the exact quality or he does not know
their history. So buy from a dealer in high-
grade seeds who has a reputation to main-
tain. Cheap seed is expensive! And this
cannot be better illustrated than by the

The vitality test is made by counting out the seeds
that have sprouted on a damp cloth

following analysis of two lots of red clover
seed which were actually bought in the open
market, one lot costing five dollars and
twenty cents a hundred pounds, and the
other fifteen dollars a hundred pounds:

Sample r Sample 2

Percentage of weed seeds 25.78 .09
Percentage of dirt, sticks and stones 26.16 1.08
Percentage of red clover seed 48.08 98.83
Percentage of red clover seed that

germinated . : 5 ° 18.25 95.86
Number of weed seeds per pound 139,727 150
Actual cost per hundred pounds of

red clover seed that germinated $28.48 $15.65

Obviously the farmer who bought the
cheap seed made an expensive investment.
Had he bought one-third the quantity,
buying good seed, he would have had twice
as big a crop. The temptation to mix good
and poor seed or otherwise to adulterate
what they sell is apparently a temptation
too big to be resisted by some dealers, as
the profits are so large and the risk of detec-
tion seemingly small.

But whether the

seed is adulterate

1908

Marcu,

When magnified nine times poor alfalfa seed looKs
like this; quite a difference from that below

Good alfalfa seed magnified nine times

intentionally, or whether it is just naturally
poor, makes little difference to the farmer.
The result is the same to him in either case
—wasted money and a poor crop. He
gets it at both ends—spends money for
nothing in buying poor seed and spoils a
crop by using it, which costs him more
money.

The United States Department of Agri-
culture is trying to suppress seed adulter-
ation by publishing, by authority of laws
recently enacted, the names and addresses
of firms known to sell adulterated seeds
or who misbrand the goods they sell.

If you buy your seeds from a reputable
house you can be assured that you are getting
seeds which are practically pure. Yet it
is always a good plan to test them before
sowing in order that you may know their
power of germination. This is especially
true of high-bred varieties. Take the
cauliflower, for instance; it is a fact that
the seeds of the best varieties, which cost
fifty or sixty dollars an ounce, do not possess
as high a germinating power as the seeds

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of varieties costing only six to ten dollars
an ounce. Having the percentage of germi-
nation, one can sow his seed accordingly.

To make an accurate test, a fair sample
of seed must be taken. Ifa small quantity
of not more than five bushels is to be sampled,
spread it out thin upon some flat surface
—floor or table—and thoroughly mix it by
hand, after which small quantities are
taken from ten or twelve different parts of
the mass and mixed together to form the
sample.

Seeds in a bin are sampled with a grain
sampler, which is a hollow rod with openings
along the sides and a valve which admits
seeds to the openings. This is plunged
into the bin, the valve opened and then
closed again. When withdrawn it contains
seeds from various depths of the pile. The
same thing can be done by hand, first select-
ing small quantities of seed from on top,
then from near the centre (plunging the arm
down with hand closed and then opening
it and taking a handful) and finally by taking
seed from near the bottom in the same way.
If the seed is in sacks, take from top, middle
and bottom of each sack if but a few sacks,
and from the centre of each sack if there
are many.

In sampling corn on the cob, the corn
should be piled in ricks. Take one ear
indiscriminately from each square foot,
each five square feet or each ten square feet
of suriace according to the quantity to be
sampled. Shell the corn and sample it as
with bulk seed. The idea is to get a repre-
sentative sample of the seed. As shifting,
moving and other conditions affect the
distribution of heavy and light seeds, a
small quantity taken from only one place
in a lot would not be a fair sample.

In the larger, heavier seeds (corn, wheat,
oats, peas, beans, etc.) the trained eye can
readily recognize whether the seed is of
average purity. Sticks, stones, chaff, dirt,
etc., are readily seen in small quantities of
relatively large seeds. In the smaller seeds,
such as lettuce, onion, timothy, red top,
clovers, alfalfa, etc., adulteration is less
easily distinguished. If you have doubts
as to the purity of the seed, you can have
it tested either by your State Experiment
Station or by the United States Department
of Agriculture, for it is the work of an expert.

It is really much more important to know
the germinating power of the seed—how
much will actually grow—for practically
the only adulteration that high grade seeds
contain are “‘dead seeds” and it is impossible
to buy seeds which do not contain at least
a small per cent. of these. The seed with
the greatest percentage of germinative
power is the best seed to use. And the way
to test it is as follows:

Take a piece of clean flannel cloth which
has been washed and fold it once. Moisten
it until it is thoroughly damp but not drip-
ping wet, and lay it upon a dinner plate.
Count out carefully enough seed for a fair
sample—a hundred is a convenient number
if the seeds are not too large—and lay them
carefully separated upon the inner fold
of cloth, covering with the out fold. Then

75

invert a second plate upon the whole and
set in a warm place. The temperature in
winter should never be less than 50 degrees
at night and 65 degrees or 70 degrees in the
daytime. The cloth should not be allowed
to dry out, a little moisture being added
when necessary, but if the plates fit well
together it will stay moist for a long time.
Every day the little germinating chamber
must be examined and the sprouted seeds
removed, and a careful record kept of the
number. When the test is completed, the
number of seeds which sprouted is to be
compared with the original number and
the percentage of good seed thus determined.
It is wise to make duplicate tests at the same
time, and strike the average between them;

but if they vary more than ro per cent.,

make a new set of duplicate tests. Tests

range in time from a few days to a month;
a seed will sprout in a germinating chamber
in from one-half to one-fifth the time neces-
sary for it to sprout in the ground.

These two views show how slight is the difference
between Kentucky and Canadian blue-grass

Canada blue-grass is bigger. Both magnified nine times

The Best Conifers South and North, II.—By P. J. Berckmans, «=:

CONTAINING AN ILLUMINATING ACCOUNT OF THE SHOWIEST EVERGREENS FOR DECORATING FORMAL
GARDENS, TOGETHER WITH THE TRUE STORY OF THE BEST GOLDEN CONIFER EVER INTRODUCED

[Eprtor’s Nove.—This series of memoirs by the Dean of American Pomology and of Southern Tloriculture has aroused enthusiastic admiration in all parts of the country.

The first article was “The Lest Hedge Plants South and North,’ which appeared in November, 1907.
In May, he will describe “Broad-Leaved Evergreen Trees.’’|

the pine, spruce, fir, yew and cedar types.

A MONG the most interesting conifers
i South, North, and on the Pacific Coast
are the cypresses, arborvites and araucarias.

TE IGCYPRESS DYPir

The true cypresses belong to the genus
Cupressus, and the most famous of them is
the classical cypress (C. sempervirens var.
jastigiata) which is a vegetable exclamation
mark — like the Lombardy poplar, only
evergreen. It is also called the “Roman”
or “Italian” cypress, as it has been a promi-
nent feature of formal gardens in Italy from
ancient times. This stiff tree, with its erect
branches, was derived from the Oriental
cypress which is pyramidal and has horizon-
tal branches. The Italian cypress is “beaten
at its own game” by the variety Royalli or
WVhitleyana, of which I have a specimen
thirty feet high and only two feet wide. It
forms a main stem from which radiate small
twigs — they can hardly be called branches.
It is sometimes called cereijormis, which
describes it well. This variety does not
reproduce identically from seed as stated
by foreign writers. All three forms have
dark green foliage and thrive best in the
South and California, though hardy to
Philadelphia. The columnar form is much
used in cemeteries and for arches.

The other famous cypress with dark green
foliage is the Monterey cypress (C. macro-
car pa) which is more extensively planted than
any other thing for hedges and wincbreaks
from California to Vanccuver. Everyone
has seen pictures of the wildly picturesque
originals on the rocks at Monterey, but few

The compact obtuse leaved cypress, Chamaecyparis
obtusa var. compacta, the Retinispora obtusa of the trade

The Italian cypress, one of the most characteristic
plants in the Old World formal gardens

Easterners realize that the tree is symmetrical
in cultivation and makes a handsome lawn
specimen. Though the foliage is dark green,
it is shining. It succeeds well South.

One might imagine from its name that
the funeral cypress (C. junebris) would
have sombre foliage, but it is yellowish
green. The name doubtless comes from
the weeping habit, which makes it a favorite
for cemetery planting. It is a native of
China and it is said that it was originally
associated with the “‘Vale of Tombs”’ in
the northern part of that country. Unlike
the two preceding species, its branches are
wide spreading and their pendulous habit
is most beautiful. It is hardy to Philadel-
phia, but best in the South.

The most famous of the bluish green
cypresses is the cypress of Goa (C. Lusita-
nica) Which is naturalized in Portugal, but of
uncertain origin. It is common along the
Mediterranean but will not grow in England
except along the seashore and in the mildest
districts. The branches spread but the
branchlets are more or less pendulous.

Knight’s cypress (C. Benthami var.
Knightiana) is unique by reason of the violet
color of its younger branches. It is also the
most reliable of the Mexican cypresses.
The branchlets are drooping, fern-like,
glaucous.

The twisted cypress (C. forulosa) resembles
the cypress of Goa in having horizontal
branches and drooping branchlets, but the

76

In Fanuary, 1908, Mr. Berckmans gave a wonderfully lucid account of

foliage is grayish green. It has been com-
mended as a windbreak for Florida because
of its exceptionally rapid growth. This is one
of the tallest.species, attaining 150 feet in the
Himalayas. Unfortunately, it starts growing
very early in the spring and is liable to be
injured by a freeze at that time.

I have been growing cypresses from seed
for over thirty years and have formed a beau-
tiful collection of garden forms. Many are of
surpassing elegance, and some are of very
rapid growth. Some of these seedlings have
the high cclor of the cypress of Goa, while
others have the rapid growth of the Hima-
Jayan cypress. Only once in thirty years
have I suffered severe losses) AN ineeze
in late February killed a great many mag-
nificent specimens from thirty to thirty-five
feet high. These had the blood of the
Himalayan species in them, and such varie-
ties should always be transplanted when
young and during February or early March.

We now come to the dwarf cypresses
which comprise the bulk of the showy con-
ifers that are used for bedding. The most
popular of these are the Japan cypresses,
which the nurserymen call retinisporas
though practically all of them belong to the
genus Chamecyparis, which means ‘dwarf
cypress.”” Nothing is easier to sell to a
homebuilder than retinisporas because begin-
ners nearly always want something as differ-
ent as possible from the native vegetation
around them, and these retinisporas, have
varieties suggesting ferns, heaths, ground
pine, arborvite, threads and plumes. More-
over, many of these forms can be secured
in either green, blue-green or yellow. And
to cap the climax, they have a great range

re

The thread-branched Chinese azborvitae (Bjota orien-
talis filiformis of the trade), a handsome plant South

Marcu, 1908

The cypress is a dignified evergreen in the gardens of
the South as well as on the Pacific coast

of unusual colors in winter — brown, red-
dish, violet, and steel-colored. On _ the
other hand, their beauty may last for only
eight or ten years; some require hand trim-
ming to keep them compact; and they are
so showy that they ought to be used in formal
gardens or near houses and not scattered
about the lawn, as they often are.

These dwarf cypresses all come from
four tall-growing species which are also
obtainable and are worth growing for tall
specimens. The pea-fruited Japan cypress
(Chamecyparis pisifera) is distinguished
by its pointed leaves and small cones which
are about a third of an inch in diameter.
Here belong the thread-leaved, feathery,
and spreading varieties (vars. jilijera, plumosa
and squarrosa). Of the last there are two
fine subvarieties, Veitchiz and Sieboldit.
The former has bluish green foliage which
holds its color all winter; the latter is darker
in summer and changes to purplish-green
in winter. Unhappily the foliage of Sie-
boldii is likely to die in the centre of the plant.

The obtuse-leaved Japan cypress (Cham-
ecyparis obtusa) is distinguished by its
obtuse leaves and larger cones which are
nearly half an inch in diameter. Here
belongs the variety resembling ground pine
(lycopodioides), which must be given the
utmost care to keep it in good condition.

Lawson’s cypress (Chamecyparis Law-
sonia) can be distinguished from the Japan
cypress by the gland on the back of the leaf.
It is the most beautiful of the American spe-
cies and probably the tallest of all cypresses,
attaining a height of 200 feet in Northern
California. It is not reliably hardy in New
England, and even in the South but few
forms attain more than eighteen to twenty-
five feet. It sports so easily that when
grown from seed there are often found more
than twenty distinct forms in one batch of
seedlings. The typical form has ascending
branches with drooping tips. Some forms
are pyramidal, others are columnar; some
are open, others compact; some are very
pendulous, others less so; while the color
varies from bright green, yellowish-green,
ashy, to those with silvery-tipped branches.
The great merit of Lawson’s cypress is that
it does as well in the mountains as in the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

middle and lower sections of the South.
It is to the South what the Japan cypresses
are to the North, 7. e., it offers more showy
varieties suitable for formal gardens than
any other evergreens.

The white cedar of our Eastern states
(Chamecyparis spheroidea) differs from
the three preceding in not having whitish
marks on the under surface of the leaf.
Here belong the heath-like retinospora and
the variety Andelyensis (which the nursery-
men call Jeptoclada). Both must be given
the utmost care to keep them in good condi-
tion.

The quickest growing trees of the cypress
type are the Australian cypresses or Frenelas
(Callitris). We have frequently had trees
reach ten feet in height at two years of age,
but as they start very early in active vegeta-
tion they seldom survive our spring frosts.
This tendency to advance growth is the main
difficulty that prevents many beautiful

Lawson’s cypress is to the South what the Japan
cypress is to the North. Not hardy North

species from the Australian continent being
successful here.

The bald cypress or swamp cypress of the
South is a conifer, but deciduous. ‘This tree
frequently attains an enormous height in rich,
swampy lands which are covered with water
during the greater part of the year. Yet if
transplanted upon rich high and dry soils it
grows rapidly, makes a handsome and sym-
metrical tree whose beautiful foliage is
exceedingly ornamental.

THE ABORVITZ TYPE

There are only two important species
of arborvite, the American and Chinese,
the former having horizontal sprays while
those of the latter are erect. The American
arborvite (Thwya occidentalis) has many
varieties, the merits of which are sufficiently
well known, but they are among the dingiest
and most disappointing of all conifers in
winter.

Fortunately we can grow in the South

77

the Chinese arborvitaee which is far more
beautiful than our native species and quite
as useful for hedges. The “Cyclopedia of
American Horticulture” calls the Chinese
species Tuya orientalis but I prefer to call
it Biota orientalis — the name by which it is
commonly known to nurserymen. Among
the many plants I have introduced none
has given me greater pleasure than the
dwarf golden Chinese arborvite (Biola
nana aurea) which I believe is the best
golden conifer in cultivation. I have fre-
quently grown as many as 100,000 of these
plants at a time and have had the pleasure
of seeing them hailed with delight in every
quarter of the country.

The first golden arborvite made its appear-
ance some fifty years ago and was of dwarf,
compact, globular growth, seldom exceeding
ten feet but it was not hardy North and
only in the spring was it brightly colored.
The next great improvement was Biota
semperaurea. I planted several thousand
seeds of this and secured Biola nana
aurea which is not only more compact than
its parent but probably the hardiest of the
genus, since it has stood uninjured for
several years near New York where the old
aurea usually failed. It has withstood 10
degrees below zero. In the vicinity of New
York it turns to a bright copper red by New
Year’s day — a striking and unique color.
Itisa miracle of compactness, for the sprays
are packed as closely as so many sheets of
paper. It grows about three feet high.

Two other gems came from that same
lot of seedlings. Biota aurea conspicua
is even redder in winter at New York than
the preceding variety, being quite the most
conspicuous conifer in midwinter. Its win-
ter color is not so refined as that of the Colo-
rado blue spruce, but it is decidedly warmer
and at a distance it lights up the whole
landscape. During the growing season some
of the branches are an intense golden color
while others are suffused with green. It
grows six to ten feet high.

My pyramidal golden Chinese arborvitz
(B. aurea pyramidalis) is the tallest as it
attains a height of fifteen or twenty feet.

The pendulous Chinese arborvitae (Biota pendula of the
nurseries), a very distinct looKing plant for garden use

78

Like the two preceding it holds its color all
through the long, dry Southern summer.
In the North, it is best to place these varie-
ties so that they will be protected on the south
side from too much winter sunshine.

The thread-branched Chinese arborvite
(Biota orientalis, var. filiformis) is an admira-
ble form introduced from Japan about 1883
by Veitch of England, from whom I secured
four plants the following year. Our speci-
mens have reached the height of ten feet
and have never been injured in the least by
excessive hot or cold weather. Nevertheless,
I fear this and the next will not be reliably
hardy north of Baltimore.

The weeping Chinese arborvite (Bzota
orientalis var. pendula) is occasionally found
among a batch of seedlings of the typical
Biota orientalis, but it does not come true
from seed. All the seedlings revert.

I cannot recommend many other varieties
of the Chinese arborvite (e. g., Meldensts,
falcata and macrocarpa) but Biota Rosedale
is very interesting. It is claimed to be a
hybrid between a biota and a retinispora.
Not having seen the fruit I do not care to
venture an opinion on this point. The
plant has exceedingly fine-cut foliage, light
green in summer, purplish in winter. It
is supposed that its ultimate height will be
four or five feet. It is admirably adapted
for growing in tubs and window boxes and
so is Biota nana aurea.

The California arborvite (Libocedrus
decurrens) is often called “incense cedar,”
but it has flat fronds like an arborvite.
This aromatic tree is remarkable for its
extraordinary range. It is found from
Oregon to Patagonia and is perhaps the
most conspicuous exception to the rule that
trees of western continental coasts do not
thrive on the eastern coasts of continents,
for it is native to southwestern China and
New Zealand, and thrives in cultivation in
our Southern states, attaining a height of
forty or fifty feet. It reaches a height of

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

150 feet in California at an altitude of 5,000
to 8,000 feet. It is hardy even in Massa-
chusetts when sheltered, but it is liable to
lose its lower branches rather early in the
North and I hardly expect it to grow very
rapidly to a great height north of Washington,
D. C. It is one of the most valuable tall
conifers for the South.

THE HEMLOCK TYPE

Everybody knows and loves the common
hemlock spruce (T’suga Canadensis), but,
in my opinion, the Carolina hemlock (7.
Caroliniana) is an even finer tree. Its
foliage is of a darker and richer color. It
is more compact and has better head when
old. The leaves are longer and are a more
pronounced white beneath. It has proved
hardy as far north as Ontario, but seldom
succeeds below the Piedmont region of the
South, whereas the 7. Canadensis makes a
medium sized tree in the Middle South.

THE ARAUCARIA TYPE

Araucaria is a magnificent genus contain-
ing the Norfolk Island pine (A. excelsa) and
the monkey puzzle (A. imbricata). The
former is a house plant famed for its sym-
metry. The latter is picturesque. Our win-
ters are too cold for the first; the second
needs a cooler climate and a mountain
range. It does well in California as also
A. Brasiliana. I have seen the three
varieties growing luxuriantly at Menlo
Park, California.

The best tree of this type for the South is
Cunninghamia Sinensis, a unique and ancient
survival. Its leaves resemble Avaucaria
Brasiliana, and it is a symmetrical evergreen
for lawn decoration.’ I believe that I have
the finest specimen of Cunninghamia
South. A well-grown, symmetrical tree
with branches feathering from the ground
and attaining a height of sixty feet is so
seldom seen that the noble appearance of
such a tree cannot well be understood if you

Marcu, 1908

have seen only the ill-shaped and many-
headed specimens that are commonly met

with. Our tree was planted in 1860 when

twelve inches high. It was imported from
Europe and evidently grown from a cutting,
for it was of rather an unattractive appear-
ance. The second year a new shoot appeared
within a few inches of the old plant, which
was of vigorous growth, and being carefully
nursed, soon made a most beautiful tree.
It has now attained a height of sixty feet
which is said to be greater than it naturally
reaches in the. warmer portions of China.
The leaves are from one to two inches long,
lanceolate, pointed, and bright green. ‘Trees
should be grown from seed, when a good
form may be regularly expected. Plants
grown from cuttings are seldom of any value
unless there is a new shoot formed after-
ward from the base of the roots. Cunning-
hamia should never be planted in very rich
or moist soil; it thrives best in a gravely but
deep soil, and cannot be considered hardy
north of Washington, D.C. It may be con-
sidered the southern equivalent of the Nor-
folk Island pine for a tall tree.

The medium-sized equivalent of the above
is Cryptomeria Japonica, for while perfectly
hardy in the Middle South, it is desirable
only when six to eight feet high. As the
tree attains age, it often becomes straggling.
Its foliage is more flattened than that of the
Norfolk Island pine. In Japan, where it
attains 125 feet, it is the great timber tree
of the country and it is also extensively
planted for avenues. At New York it is
not generally considered hardy, though there
is a specimen forty feet high at Dana’s
Island, and it is hoped that the variety Lobbi
will prove hardy there. If so, it will probably
be the quickest growing, short-leaved conifer
that is hardy as far north as that. All its
other forms (such as araucarioides, com-
pacta, nana, spiralis, etc.) are of no value
South, but when grown in pots are valuable
for table decoration.

Seakale 1n Nine Months Instead of Four Years—By W. C. McCollom

A DELICIOUS VEGETABLE COMBINING THE FLAVORS OF ASPARAGUS, CAULIFLOWER AND CELERY THAT CAN
BE FORCED LIKE RHUBARB AT ANY TIME IN THE WINTER OR TAKEN FROM THE OPEN GARDEN IN SPRING

Se is what might be termed a
“fancy” vegetable. The edibie parts
are the naked leaf stalks which are forced
and blanched. They look at first glance
like celery stalks but have a distinctive taste

Seakale seedlings two months old, ready to trans-
plant on May 15th

of their own which is delicious. Used like
celery for salad it is excellent. Cooked and
served with a drawn butter sauce, it
has much the appearance of stewed celery,
somewhat the flavor of blanched asparagus
but with a more marked and special pungency
that is all its own. I know of no really
more delicious eating vegetable, and I grow
an abundant supply from a few cents’ worth
of seed. You can do the same if you have
any sort of place for forcing the roots when
winter arrives and as to its growth during
summer there is no vegetable that I know
that needs less attention. Old roots (three
or four years) cost money; they are usually
worth about two dollarsa dozen. Fora few
cents seed sufficient for any ordinary family
can be bought.

The common belief that it is impossible
to get enough results from seakale to make
it worth growing in less than four years is,
I think, the chief cause of the neglect of

Keep the eye just above the soil level when potting
up the roots. This is the correct way

Marcu, 1908

this high quality vegetable among American
amateurs. Of course, four-year-old roots
are bigger than one-year-old roots, but the
growths are not one bit better in flavor and
I have for years grown seakale from seed
and had it on the table in nine months from
the date of sowing.

The United States Department of Agri-
culture has been urging the cultivation of
seakale, importing a few roots of some
“improved” varieties which have been
distributed to several people. I have tried
these and do not find any difference except
in the thicker, heavier stalks; nothing so far
as flavor is concerned. These improved
kinds are not offered by seed, and the im-
ported roots are so likely to rot that I much
prefer to rely upon the ordinary type raised
from seed each year.

Seakale is often spoken of as early aspara-
gus because it is cooked and served in the
same way and has an asparagus-like flavor.
The young shoots, which are very tender,
require little cooking, about twenty minutes
being sufficient, but care must be taken that
the water does not stop boiling after the kale
is dropped into the pot; otherwise the stalks
will be tough. After cooking lift the kale
from the pot and serve either with or without
toast and with drawn butter or Hollandaise
sauce. It must'be eaten while hot, and
while freshly cooked, as warming up simply
ruins the quality.

Roots that are grown from seed sown in
April can be forced in the greenhouse the fol-
lowing December, and that is certainly the
best way of handling them. But the ama-
teur without a greenhouse need not deprive
himself of the luxury of seakale, because the
roots can be stored in a trench over the winter
and planted out in the open ground in the
early spring, some covering being put on to
blanch the stalks. The great drawback
with this method, however, is that the entire
crop comes on at one time, while in a green-
house a few roots can be forced at one time
and a steady supply always had.

I sow the seed in the open ground about
April rst, sowing very thickly as it is large
and soft and very liable to rot, but as the
seed is cheap (about twenty-five cents an
ounce) you can afford to be liberal. One

ate oS fe na

doors on April 1st. Can be forced in winter

Seakale in the garden in July, from seed sown out:

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

On Christmas day the forced stalks were ready for
cutting and the supply was continued all winter

ounce of seed will give about 300 plants,
which if well grown would cost in the neigh-
borhood of $20.

As an experiment, I tried sowing the seed in
the greenhouse, but the gain was so slight
that it was not worth while. One box of
seed was planted on February 15th and
another on March 15th. The young seed-
lings were very slow to root and of course
suffered a great deal from transplanting, so
that by the time they had recovered from
the shock other plants which had been sown
in the open had caught up with them.

Plants can also be raised from the
eyes which are found in the spring on the
old stump near the crown. These, cut with
a piece of root attached and planted in the
same way as one would plant a potato but
without burying the eye, will soon commence
to grow; they will, however, throw up seed-
shoots which must be removed. I, personally,
do not like this method as well as planting
the seed, as it is more troublesome and the
results are no better.

The seed is slow to germinate and the
anxious gardener must not hoe the ground
if it is not ‘‘up” as soon as the peas. The
young plants, which greatly resemble young
cabbages, must be thinned as soon as they
are well up in the row. This can safely be
done when the plants are about four inches
high.

During summer a rank, heavy, rapid
growth is made, and by fall the very thick
leaves, of a glaucous, succulent appearance,
will easily measure two feet from the crown.
Therefore, the plants must be given, when
thinning, one foot of space each way. They
will then not require any further attention
until the fall, except for an occasional culti-
vation. I have-never known seakale to be
troubled with insects or disease of any kind.

In fall the leaves will turn yellow and
ripen, after which the roots may be lifted
and stored for forcing, or they may be left

a

where they were grown. In the latter case,
they must be well covered to prevent freez-
ing.

The best plan to follow when the roots
are to be forced is to lift them, strip off all
the leaves and store in trenches covered with
hay or leaves. They must not be allowed
to become dry or they will lose a great deal
of their vitality; on the other hand, if kept
too moist, they will rot. This means simply
that the rules which apply to the storing of
other root crops must be followed in the case
of seakale.

Any time after December tst the roots
can be forced, but the longer the season of
rest the quicker the roots will respond to
the forcing. It will take about three weeks
to force the crop in December, but only half
that time if the forcing is done toward
spring.

The roots to be forced must be planted
in something that is veryretentive of moisture;
soil from an old, spent mushroom bed is
excellent, but any good garden soil will do.
It need not be rich in manures or fertilizers
as the crop does not need any, no rootlets
being sent out during the forcing process.
If the mushroom soil is used it must be
rammed down hard after planting, on account
of its very loose texture; but if garden soil
is used simply firm it, but do not pound.

Give the roots a thorough soaking with
water after planting. One soaking will
usually be sufficient for the crop when the
old mushroom soii is used, but garden soil
must be watched and watered as occasion
demands. The roots are not very exacting
in their requirements, however, but there
must be enough moisture at all times to
supply the growing plants. Beds can be
prepared under the benches in the green-
house and the roots planted directly therein;
or four or five can be set in a g-inch pot.
I prefer this way because the roots will stand
a great deal of heat, and the quicker they
are grown the better will be the quality of

The seed for these roots was
sown on April lst, and the photographs taken on
November 15th, just before forcing began

A season’s growth.

If the seed is started in the greenhouse transplant in
May, just like cabbage and cauliflower

the kale. Therefore, if the roots are in
pots they can be placed directly over the
pipes, getting plenty of heat, in some hot
corner of the greenhouse under the benches
where they will not take up valuable space.
Keep the eye or crown just above the sur-
face when planting because it will rot
if buried.

To blanch, inverted pots must be immedi-
ately placed over the roots to keep them
perfectly dark at all times, and it is best to
cover the hole in the bottom of the pot.
The greater the darkness the better the
shoots will blanch and the more blanched the
better the quality on the table.

The eyes will commence growing in a
very few days but no further attention is
necessary except to cut the shoots when
they are ready. Naturally, the younger the
better, but if cut when very small the crop
is shortened. I usually cut when the pot
which is covering the roots is about filled
with shoots, as I then get a fair crop and the
shoots are not in the least tough or stringy.

Home Mixed Fertilizer

D° NOT attempt to combine poultry
manure with wood ashes, for the
ashes will liberate some of the nitrogen of
the manure unless both are very dry when
mixed and are put on the ground at once.
Better mix the poultry manure with leaf-
mold at the rate of two hundred to three
hundred pounds of the former to three
hundred to five hundred of the latter, using
either of these amounts to one acre. Wood
ashes may well be combined with either
rotten sawdust, leafmold or muck. The
latter should not be used unless it has been
out and cured for at least a year.

Sawdust has little fertilizing value, but
may be added to the mixture as it will im-
prove the tilth and moisture-holding capacity
of the soil if it is a compact clay. The pro-
portion in which the ashes and other ingre-
dients are mixed is of little importance so
long as not less than one thousand nor
more thin two thousand pounds of ashes
are used to one acre.

The ash mixture should be applied broad-
cast and well worked in some time before
using the poultry manure mixture, which
may be used immediately before planting
seeds.

THE GARDEN MVAIGAZAONGE

These two applications should furnish 4
good supply of plant focd for a garden and
orchard. Phosphoric acid is the cnly ele-
ment not abundantly supplied. It might

be advisable to use from two hundred to
four hundred pounds of acid phosphate per
acre, or five hundred pounds of ground raw
rock (“‘floats’”?) if you use large quantities
of the organic materials —sawdust, mold
or peat — with it.
Pennsylvania.

1p, 18, 1.

Alfalfa as Poultry Food

pees rightly used—fed green in sum-
mer, and in winter in the form of hay
or ensilage—will reduce the cost of feed at
least one-half. A pound of dry alfalfa or
alfalfa hay contains as much protein as
one pound of wheat bran. Yet few poultry
keepers seem to realize the value of alfalfa
as a poultry food. I have found that in sum-
mer, green alfalfa is of special value to
poultry confined in yards where there is no
grass growing.

About ten years ago, I seeded a plot of
land near my buildings to alfalfa. This
has grown well and yields three or four
large crops per year, which has been made
use of in feeding poultry and other live stock.
This plot in two or three years became so
full of plantain and other weeds, that I
decided to sow a small plot in drills and
cultivate.

I plowed a piece of rich garden soil,
and harrowed it very finely and finished it
off with the garden rake, until the soil was
pulverized as finely as if for an onion bed.
In April I sowed alfalfa seed rather thickly
in drills two feet apart (eighteen inches is
about right for hand cultivation, and the
sowing may be done with a garden seed
drill).

The alfalfa grew so rapidly that the first
year of sowing I cut three crops and the
following year the yield was somewhat
larger. The advantages of growing alfalfa
in drills are that it can be grown on weedy
ground and the ground kept clean with a
horse or hand cultivator; it can be fed any
time by applying f-rtilizers between the
TOWS.

The growth and color of the alfalfa indi-
cates its needs. A weak growth that turns
yellow generally indicates that both nitrogen
and potash are needed. These are supplied
by poultry manure and wood ashes, which
should be applied separately and culti-
vated in.

Marcu 1908

When the first blossoms appear, cut the
alfalfa. Do not leave it longer.

When used green for poultry, cut it as
wanted, and cut it in very short lengths with
a small hand feed or corn cutter—clover
cutters are made especially for this pur-
pose. The alfalfa is then put in boxes with
slatted covers from which the hens can easily
TEMOvenitaane

The hens kept in yards eat it as readily
as grain. Sometimes the hens are turned
out in the alfalfa plot and allowed to pick
the leaves.

Green alfalfa is especially valuable for
young chickens kept in runs. It can be
cut finely for them, or tied up in bunches
and placed where they can pick it as they
wish.

Some have succeeded with alfalfa ensilage,
but there is considerable difficulty in keeping
it in small quantities; hay is a much better
form in which to keep it. The best way
to cure alfalfa is to partly dry it in the sun,
then put it in small heaps and cover with
muslin hay caps. In three or four days
open it to the sun for a short time and it is
then in the best condition for storing for
winter, provided the weather has been clear
all the time.

For feeding cut the hay with the clover
cutter, steam it if you wish, and mix it with
corn meal, or some carbonaceous food; not

Green alfalfa, cut up fine, is much relished by young
chicks in runs, or it can be given in a bunch to pick at

with bran, as the alfalfa supplies the protein.
Moisten the mixture with skim milk, and
you have, when used with whole grains,
shells, grit, etc., the most economical winter
ration.

My experience has been, when I have
so fed my live stock as to get all the milk
or eggs possible, with grain, common grasses
or hay, that I could increase the produc-
tion by feeding alfalfa and that with it I
could get the maximum production at a
minimum cost for iood.

New York. W. H. JENKINS.

A Poultry Ration

ce Maine Experiment Station recom-
mends for laying poultry 200 pounds
wheat bran, too lbs. middlings, 100 lbs. gluten
feed, 100 lbs. linseed meal, roo lbs. corn meal,
100 lbs. beef scraps. This contains about 24
per cent. protein, 7 of fat, 6 of ash, 7 of fibre
and 46 of starchy matter. It should cost
$1.50 a hundredweight at retail unmixed.

Marcu, 1908

Why the Magnolias Interest
IN fecNorM blossoms are the largest

flowers of any trees in cultivation,
measuring often six and sometimes twelve

inches in diameter. There are both ever-
green and deciduous kinds and the flowers
of the latter, appearing in great profusion,
need an evergreen background to throw the
mass into greatest prominence. The flowers,
usually of a delicious fragrance, do not last
long, and as they drop expose cone-like fruits,
the color of which deepens into rosy tints as
the season advances.

All magnolias are heavy feeders, thriving
best in a rich, well drained soil having a good
supply of moisture. Never allow them to
suffer for water during the summer; in winter
itis important to mulch them, as the alternate
freezing and thawing of the ground is apt to
be injurious to the roots. They have soft,
punky roots, and like all trees of this char-
acter, must be planted in the spring.

How I Grow Evergreen Mag-
nolias from Seed

] HAVE always been greatly interested in

the cultivation of magnolias and have
conscientiously read all the articles on this
subject which have appeared from time to
time in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

The eastern and southern portions of
this state are rich in magnolia groves, but
in this county, where the altitude is too
great for the evergreen varieties to feel very
much at home, only the deciduous ones are
native and free growing. We have such
splendid native specimens of MZ. Frasert,
tripetala, and acuminata that it encouraged
me to hope for a reasonable amount of success
with a good collection.

The hardiest evergreen magnolias in this
region have been raised from seeds shipped
us “in the burr” from magnolia groves else-
where, and early November is the time of
year to obtain them. Sow the seed in flats
such as are used for growing bulbs and drain
in the usual way, with crocks or char-
coal. Then fill to within an inch of the top
with woods earth mixed with sharp sand.
Instead of stratifying the seeds, as nursery-
men recommend, we scrape off the red,
pulpy coat with a penknife; if you have
only two or three flats to sow at a time this
does not take very long. If sowed with
this coating on the seeds will either decay or
leisurely take a second year in which to
germinate.

When the surface of the earth in the flats
has been well firmed we sow the seeds about

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

an inch apart, cover with half an inch of
the same soil mixture and water thoroughly.
The flats may winter on a porch, under a
shed, or anywhere outdoors where birds
and chickens will not destroy the seeds.
We give them no care beyond an occasional
watering. Perhaps the alternate freezings
and thawings they undergo help to “hatch”
the germs from their horny shells. At any
rate, more than half the seeds so planted
will flourish tiny leaflets in April. Then they
need more careful watering—almost daily in
summer—and a partially shaded position.

The seedlings’ first winter is usually spent
in a bulb pit. The M. glauca seedlings
might be hardy outdoors, but nearly all
broad-leaved evergreens seem to be tender
the first year from seed, and we have not
yet taken any risks with them. The follow-
ing spring they can be planted with impunity
wherever they are to grow.

The foliage of M. glauca, though smaller
than M. grandiflora, has much the same
character. I have not as yet tried this vari-
ety for house decoration, but have some
young plants ina cold pit that I shall try to
force for Easter flowers. The perfume of
the dainty white blossoms is delightful.

It is well worth while to take some trouble
to prepare the soil for magnolias; the situa-
tion, too, should not be bare and wind-
swept, especially in a changeable climate
like ours. MM. grandiflora likes a moist,
light soil, but not stagnant moisture; so we
often dig a deep hole and put in it stones
for drainage below the mixture of woods
earth, sand, and old manure that is filled in
for the roots. One plant of JZ. grandiflora
was heroic enough to bloom at the age of
four years in a rather unfavorable clay soil
alleviated with leaf-mold and sand. In
Tennessee I have seen tall hedges of this
magnolia and also trees sixty or more feet
in height spangled with numerous great
white flowers, which are most beautiful
when but half-blown, looking then like huge
roses. A mature tree usually bears an after-
math of midsummer blossoms.

The foliage of M. grandiflora appears in
pictures much like that of the rhododendron,

The sweet bay of the swamps (Magnolia glauca) is
evergreen South, but a deciduous shrub North. Very
fragrant flowers; leaves silvery beneath

$1

The thick, glossy evergreen leaves, red-brown
below, and the fragrant, wavy flowers of the bull bay
(M. grandiflora)

but in reality it is a much lighter, warmer,
more translucent green, with a polished
surface like ficus leaves, giving it cheeriness
and greater winter value. Indeed, young,
shapely plants of this magnolia are frequently
used with great effect for house decoration.
They are hardier than the rubber tree and
quite as handsome.

Even in the North the bull bay is evergreen. This
expanded flower grew at Dosoris. Long Island, N. Y.

The only winter protection we give our
magnolias isa box or barrel open at both ends.
This is put over young trees about the first
of November, and the leaves, sifting down
from other trees, mulch the roots sufficiently.

Well established, good sized trees do not
need this protection here. They are most
beautiful in November, when their broad,
lustrous leaves contrast vividly with their
own scarlet fruits.

With M. glauca, var. Thompsoni, we have
had but little experience and that has been
very unsatisfactory. J. funila we grow
as a house plant. Its leaves are handsome,
and although the flowers are not lasting
or very beautiful, their odor is delightful,
being even better than potpourri.

Among deciduous magnolias we consider
WV. stellata and M. conspicua the best, their
flowers of pure white appearing very early,
those of the latter often in March or Febru-
ary. The young pinkish leaves of M. Fra-
seri, which blooms in April, are almost as
pretty as the cream-white flowers.

North Carolina. L. GREENLEE.

Garden Tools That Really Help

N AN article on “Tools that Help in
June,” in the June, 1907, GARDEN MAGa-
ZINE the author states that $7.00 must be paid
for a wheel hoe and that the fine rakes are
of no value.

I have a single-wheeled wheel hoe for
which I paid $3.75, which helps me every
garden month of the year. It has a mold
board plow, a scuffle hoe, a double end
diamond cultivator (one end being small
and the other large), and an 8-inch fine
rake. With this implement, a large steel
garden rake, a spading fork, and a trowel I
am enabled, in the few hours I have each
week after office hours, to thoroughly cultivate
my 80 x go ft. garden and still have time
for social relaxation and to indulge my fancy
for fine poultry.

I have the garden plowed in the fall,
turning under a liberal supply of well decayed
manure, to eliminate the cut worm, grub,
etc., as far as possible. When spring comes,
I can, by loosening the soil with the plow
(plowing each furrow both ways for greater
depth), get moisture-loving seeds such as
Prizetaker onion, early smooth peas and the
English broad bean in the ground long before
a horse plow could be used at all. It is of
course necessary to use the large steel garden
rake to pulverize the soil properly for these
small seeds. For potatoes I open a furrow
as deeply as possible (the soil having been
previously loosened as above, but not raked),
place the seed, set the mold board as
shallow as possible, and cover the seed by
passing on each side of the deep furrow
containing the seed.

With the diamond cultivator furrows for
medium sized seeds, such as beans of all
kinds, onion sets, peas, etc., can be opened
and all subsequent deep cultivation done.

With the scuffle hoe a dust mulch is main-
tained, weeds cut off and even sod may be
lifted.

The real labor saving tool, however, and
the one with which work will be done that
would otherwise go undone is the 8-inch
rake, the despised tool of the other writer.
With it a better dust mulch can be main-
tained with less exertion than any other way
I know. It also eliminates the danger
of injuring those plants which have
fibrous roots comparatively near the surface
and of cutting off the others. With it the
weeds can be uprooted thoroughly, quickly,
and easily. It can be so set (at different

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

angles) as to either draw the dirt up to the
plant, work it to the centre or leave the surface
perfectly flat. With it the terrors of a straw-
berry bed are entirely eliminated. I have one
bed of 150 plants which I can cultivate both
ways and on both sides of the row in from

fifteen to twenty minutes. The “steady
by jerks”? motion is necessarily required for
this tool.

I do not claim superiority over the higher
priced implement for the cheap one except
on one point, and that is, if I may use the
term, its greater diffusibility on account of
its low price. There are a great many peo-
ple like myself who either cannot or do not
care to spend so much money on that sort
of thing, and for them this tool supplies a
pressing need.

When buying a wheel hoe be sure that it
is so arranged as to permit of an easy adjust-
ment of the angle at which the tool enters the
soil and of the height of the handles. The line
of resistance changes with the different tools
and with the same tool at different depths,
and as the point at which one can apply
the greatest force with the least exertion re-

mains the same for each separate person, the’

importance of the above can readily be
appreciated. By the line of resistance I mean
a line drawn from the point of greatest con-
tact to the point at which the force applied
will produce the greatest amount of power.
This is all very easily determined when the
tool is put into actual use.

If a seed drill is wanted, and they are
economy on account of the smaller amount
of seed used and the consequent reduction
in the labor of thinning, one can be procured
of any of the leading seedsmen for one
dollar, which will do good work.

Illinois. Ino 18), Wwiie.

The Cockscomb Elm Gall
Te cockscomb elm gall is made by an

aphis or plant louse. The galls
appear about the first of May as slightly
elevated ridges on the upper side of the leaf.
These increase in size, become thickened
and irregularly corrugated and then, with
their rosy tips, present a strong resemblance
to the cock’s comb. Later the galls turn
brown or black, cracks open and the inhabi-
tants escape. These galls are rarely so
abundant as to cause material injury to the
tree, though deformed leaves may be rather
numerous. Something may be accomplished

Marcu, 1908

by picking and destroying the infested leaves
before the plant lice escape.

As the eggs of these lice are deposited on
the bark in the fall and remain there over
winter it is possible that spraying with a lime
sulphur wash in early spring before the
leaves appear may result 1 in destroying many
of them.

New York. E. P. FELT.

Starting in the Florist’s Business

O MAN ever became a millionaire in
the florist’s business, but there is a
comfortable living for any active man and
there is a demand for competent help at fair
wages. The business still has a good future;
there are no signs of overcrowding.

No one can learn enough in one year to
make even a back yard pay. An apprentice-
ship of five or six years would be the very
least in which one could become anywhere
near proficient, and it would take possibly
ten years. Neither can one learn enough
in any one place. He must spend one to
two years each in several places to learn
different methods and get acquainted with
different conditions. Beginners get ten
dollars a week, if active and willing; the
second year twelve dollars, later fifteen
dollars or more, according to ability.

When starting in business, one needs as
much capital as can be secured, but nothing
less than $5,000 will do.

In a town of 10,000 or 11,000 inhabitants,
if there are no other greenhouses or florists’
establishments, the outlook would seem prom-
ising, but, of course, everything depends on
the man, and the florist’s business cannot be
learned in one day. I advise starting with
a commercial house 25 x 100 ft. Such a
house complete with potting shed attached
will cost about $2,000.

At the outset confine attention to subjects
that are easily handled such as carnations,
violets, sweet peas and bulbs, i.e., narcissus
of various sorts, and Roman hyacinths. For
greens grow some smilax and asparagus and
small ferns also. In all probability you will
have to create a demand for your products,
and for the first year you will have to exert
yourself considerably to supply the cus-
tomers’ needs, even if you have to buy what
is asked for. After the first year, you will
know better what the particular locality
requires.

Raise for sale and home use bedding plants
and early vegetable plants, e.g., cabbage,
lettuce, tomatoes, egg plants, celery, peppers,
etc. In such a town there ought to be a ready
sale for vegetables at all times. Lettuce
and tomatoes could be raised in the green-
house in winter, but flowers ought to pay
better; with four or five acres of ground at
your disposal you ought to raise enough
vegetables in summer to make the venture
pay good interest.

Be prepared for hard work. ‘The moment
you build a greenhouse, you are tied down
seven days a week, and in cold weather
your nights are more or less disturbed, as the
fires have to be kept going.

New York. jp s scorn

\IarcH, 1908

The Month’s Reminder

Wek is the spring planting season in
the South, when every amateur com-
mences his gardening operations. For flowers
during the summer, seeds of pansy, carna-
tion, petunia, aster, forget-me-not, dianthus,
and annual chrysanthemums must be sown
early in the month; during the latter part of
the month plant seeds of sweet alyssum,
abronia, marigold, cosmos, poppy, mignon-
ette, candytuft, balsam, daisy, lobelia, lark-
spur, annual phlox, and salvia.

' Transplant from the hotbeds to the flower
beds pansies and other hardy plants. The
former are lovers of cool weather and should
be planted in a shady place.

About the last of the month plant in the
open ground tuberose, gladiolus, begonia,
oxalis, montbretia, calla, and gloxinia bulbs
for summer bloom.

Canna and chrysanthemum roots must
be planted out now for fall and winter
blossoms in beds where they can get plenty
of sunshine. Make the soil for these flowers
fine and loose by thoroughly digging eight
to ten inches deep, and fertilize with well-
rotted manure or Peruvian guano.

Before the first, or very early in the month,
prune the rose bushes—those that are not
in flower.

Early in the month sow in the open ground
seeds of cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, mus-
tard, kale, spinach, parsley, turnip, beet,
radish, carrot, parsnip, and salsify; about
the middle of the month sow seeds of early
bush beans, sweet corn, squash, muskmelon,
watermelon, and cucumbers. For a succes-
sion of crops sow seeds every three weeks.

The average farmer in the South is apt
to plant too much cotton and not enough
corn for his own use; therefore be warned
in time and plant plenty of corn this year.
Seed for the main crop may be planted the
latter part of the month. One of the best
fertilizers for corn is green cotton seed
combined with commercial fertilizer, at the
rate of twenty-five bushels of cotton seed
and 400 or 500 pounds of the fertilizer to an
acre; for the best results use this in the drill.

Sow early sorgum cane (for green stock
food) during the first part of the month,
and the seed of the large late sorgum cane
(for syrup) toward the end of the month.

Sweet potatoes must be bedded now in
order to have plants to set out in April and
May. Make the potato bed in a very warm,
sunny place, digging a trench as wide and as
long as your potatoes will cover properly,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

and about six or eight inches deep. Fill

the trench with stable manure to the level
of the soil, spread the potatoes on the manure
and cover them with two inches of rich sand.
A bushel of potatoes will cover a bed four
or five feet square.

This is a very profitable crop to grow even
if the tubers are only used for hog food, as
an acre of ground that will produce only
twenty bushels of corn will yield from sixty
to a hundred bushels of potatoes. The
Georgia Yellow yams are the sweetest and
best to grow, and they will keep through
the winter better than any other kind.

Sugar cane is another very profitable
Southern crop, but as it is a gross feeder it
requires a very rich, sandy soil that is moist
throughout the season. It cannot be grown
on thin soil. Plant about the middle of the
month in rows four feet apart and thick
enough to give a good stand, and cover with
two inches of soil. Do not use stable manure
for sugar cane as it will cause the syrup to
have a salty taste. Commercial fertilizer
and green cotton seed, used at the rate of
fifty bushels of cotton seed and 1,000 pounds
of the fertilizer to an acre, will produce the
best results.

Deep and frequent cultivation when the
cane is young also has a very beneficial
effect, permitting the roots to deeply pene-
trate the soil. When planting, be careful
in handling the stalks of cane so that the
little buds or eyes that are at each joint will
not be broken off.

The Best Annual for Southern
Gardens

Ae easiest annual flower to grow in
the South is the nasturtium and the
plants give a gorgeous and continual display
of blossoms all through the summer and
fall.

The nasturtium will grow in almost any
soil, but if the ground is very rich a little
phosphoric acid must be applied before plant-
ing to induce the plants to flower earlier
and freely. Very poor soil must be enriched
by spreading over the surface a dressing of
well rotted manure. In all cases, spade
the ground deeply so as to allow the roots
to penetrate the soil easily.

For early flowers, plant the seed ina hotbed
in January, and set out the plants in the open
ground, when all danger of frost has passed,
twelve to eighteen inches apart each way.
Plant seeds in the open ground as soon as
the trees commence to leaf. Have the rows
eighteen inches apart and place the seed
one inch deep. When the plants have
attained a good size, thin them out to twelve
inches apart.

The tall nasturtiums should stand six
inches apart in rows which are two feet apart,
provided they are given support; but if
they are to be allowed to trail at will over
the ground, the rows must be three feet
apart and the plants placed from twelve to
twenty inches apart.

Netted or woven wire makes the best
trellis for the tall nasturtiums, but brush
will do almost as well. No one should miss

83

the opportunity to plant a good many tall
nasturtiums around the yard fence in the
spring.

The weeds and grass must be kept cleared
from around the nasturtiums, and all old
flowers picked off. If they are allowed to
make seed, they will stop blooming. A
rather good plan is to plant a few seeds of
the bush sort in the hotbed after the young
plants are all out. These will require
abundant water on account of the large
quantity of manure in the bed, and if this
is given to them they will produce many
large blossoms.

All varieties succeed well in the South.
Among the very prettiest of the bush sorts
so far as I have seen are the Kaleido-
scope and Brilliant Beauties; and of the
tall kinds, the Variegated Queen, California,
and hybrids of Madam Gunter. There

are several very distinct novelties being
introduced now well worth trial.
Georgia.

Tuomas J. STEED.

Lifting Hotbed Sash

I HAVE a simple device to hold up the
sash of my coldframe which I believe
is better than the usual method of propping
them up with blocks. Two stakes are set
at each end of the coldframe and a No. 12
wire—as soft a wire as I can get—is tied
at one end. Two holes large enough for
20-penny wire nails are made in one edge
of the sash near the top and bottom. To
open the sash lift it, standing it on edge,
and slip the nail in the hole. Wind the
wire once around the nail and continue to
the other end, where, after all the sashes
have been made fast to the wire, the wire
is then fastened to the stake. I put two

wires across and the hardest winds do not
budge them.
Towa.

T. E. Swarts.

No blocks used here. By stretching a soft wire
through staples on each sash the whole series is lifted
at one time

84

GARDEN AND FARM NEws

TH Indiana Horticultural Society, in
making practical effort to encourage the
commercial fruit industry of the state, is
setting an example to many other societies.
It codperates with the farmers’ short course
at Purdue University, offering cash pre-
miums at a fruit show which is held during
the course. The fruit business of Indiana
is still to be developed.
a
The thorns (Crategus) of Southern Mich-
igan form the subject of a monograph
by Professor C. S. Sargent of the Arnold
Arboretum. It is published as part of
a report of the State Board of Geological
Survey for 1906. There are forty-five
species described. Southern Michigan forms
the western extension of the richest Crate-
gus region and contains more species than
any other section.
a
The bulb trade reports indicate that daffo-
dils have proved to be more and more popular
with the American amateur each succeeding
year. Certain it is that last fall the sales
were much greater than in previous years
and brought better prices. With regard
to other bulbs, the tendency would seem to
be a somewhat lessened demand for tulips,

with an increased interest in the Dutch ~

hyacinths. It may-be significant that there
have been more marked improvements of
late with daffodils and hyacinths than with
tulips.

77)

A farmer sometimes does not really know
the sizes of certain fields or how many acres
they contain, though it is very desirable that
he should, as otherwise he cannot measure
seed or manure for it, nor can he tell how
much time it will take to plow, harrow, or
cultivate it. A good cotton cord, the size
of a plow line, should be kept for a measur-
ing line. To make one, buy seventy feet of
cotton cord, fasten a ring at each end and
make these rings exactly sixty-six feet apart.
This is four rods. ‘Tie a piece of red cloth
in the centre. One acre of ground will be
the length of four of these cords and two
and one-half cords wide, equal to 16 x 10
rods, making 160 square rods to the acre.

77)

In the East the spring and fall months
compete with each other for the title of the
best planting season, but there are certain
marked limitations to both. Especially true
is it that in a winter such as we have just
passed we can expect an unwonted boom
of fall planting. A careful gardener should
not be deceived by the unusual clemency
of the recent late fall and winter. Along
the Pacific Coast November and December
are the most favored time on account of the
rains helping to establish the plant before
the dry season sets in. In the East a mild
winter — that is, one when the soil remains
moist — favors fall planting. In nearly
all arid sections, it is the general cxperience
that spring planting gives the best resuits.
The whole thing is thus purely a matter of
adjustment to climatic conditions.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

As we are preparing for the crops of
1908, it is not without interest for us to con-
sider the big fact that the returns of the
farmer in 1907 were the largest on record.
The year closed with an expert value of over
two millions above the record of any pre-

vious December.
2)

For the benefit of the small gardener who
does not always want to apply his fertilizer
by the acre, the following ratio of amounts
will be helpful. One thousand pounds
per acre means that 1 pound will serve for
44 square feet and 1 ounce for 2.7 square
feet. If x ounce is distributed over 5 square
feet, it is equivalent to 1 pound to 87 square
feet, or 500 pounds per acre.

v7]

If an amateur gardener, a collector of
plants, succeeds in gathering together some
representative collection and plants them in a
rented garden, may he legitimately remove
those plants from the grounds when he quits
the premises? We should be glad to have
facts — not opinions—as to the practice
upon the point in various sections of the
country. Do you know of any court decis-
ions that bear on this case? If so, write

to the editor.
i)

“Western sawmills report that there is
danger of a scarcity of barrels during the
coming season, especially if the apple crop
is above the average. This might be a
pretty serious matter, but “forewarned
is forearmed” and the demand for fancy
fruit boxes being steadily on the increase,
it is quite possible that the combination of
conditions will really act to the benefit of
the producer. You can get more money
from apples in boxes than you can from the
same quantity in barrels.

72)

Too many Southern farmers grow too
much cotton. In many cases farmers devote
themselves to cotton and are buying hay,
for instance, at anywhere from fifteen to
twenty-five dollars a ton, when it might be
grown on the premises for about five dollars.
There is a good deal more in farm manage-
ment than some people think, and we urge
the inexperienced farmer, who is not getting
what he thinks he ought to get out of his land
toapply to the Farm Management Investi-
gations, Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C.

72)

Professor E. T. Hart, of the University of
Wisconsin, describes a new milk test that
gives the casein content which, therefore,
has particular reference to cheese making.
In the Hart test, a quantity of milk is put
into a tube with chloroform and acetic acid
thoroughly mixed. The tubeis then revolved,
as in the Babcock, test 2,000 revolutions a
minute for eight minutes. This distributes
the ingredients so that the chloroform and
the fat in solution are at one end and clear
water and the milk solids on the top. The
casein is found in a white mass between
these two and may be measured by the scale
marked on the tube.

Marcu,

A corn husking record of seventy-five
bushels in four hours and eight minutes has
just been made byanTowaman. He evidently
did not take advantage of the red ears!

v2)

The advantage of rotation is emphasized
in a recent bulletin of the Department of
Agriculture, the specific example being a
South Carolina farm which eight years ago
did not produce more than a quarter of a
bale of cotton to the acre with 250 pounds
of fertilizer. By changing the crops and
methods of management, using only stable
manure as fertilizer, this same land now
yields somewhat more than fifty dollars an
acre.

77)

A Western office of the Government Seed
Testing Bureau has been established at the
Nebraska Agricultural Station, Lincoln,
Neb. This branch was started in order to
give quicker reports on samples of seed in
that section of the country, as the time
required in sending samples by mail to
Washington has frequently caused serious
delay.

a

The “‘good roads without money” move-
ment that has by means of the King Split
Log Road drag converted the slough holes
of the “corn belt” roads into model turn-
pikes is extending to the Eastern states,
where most roads are either very good or
very bad. Mr. King is arranging with the
various state boards of agriculture to give
a series of practical demonstrations of the
use of his device on Eastern roads where
the success of road dragging is more doubt-
ful because of sand and rocks.

a

A recent movement among farm women
has for its slogan, “Fix up, John, and look
your best.” “Think of living all your life
with a man who never dresses up,” writes
one heartbroken farm wife. The mail order
houses may soon look for an active market ”
in “biled” shirts and gray spats as soon as
the committee on proper attire decides
whether one should wear an opera hat and
evening clothes or a frock coat when arising
before daylight to cradle buckwheat with
the dew on it. Why isn’t this a good chance
for the men folks to get together and say
what they honestly think about those blue
Mother Hubbard wrappers?

a

The annual meeting and exhibition of
the American Rose Society takes place March
25th, 26th, and 27th in Chicago. It is the
first time that this organization has gone to
the West, and there is every indication that
the exhibition will be little short of marvel-
ous. In June, the society returns to the
East again and, as the guest of the Horti-
cultural Society of New York, will hold with
that organization a June exhibition of summer
hardy roses in the New York Botanical
Garden. The exact date for the exhibition
will be announced in due season. Amateurs
interested in roses would do well to take
membership in the American Rose Society and
help develop a real American rose culture.

1908 -

ae = eer The Read cr
Marcu, 1908 IS TEOE) Ga TRVID) TINE «I GEINA TONITE eat 85

EVERYTHING

FOR THE

GARDEN.

is the title of Our 1908 Catalogue— the most beautiful
and instructive horticultural publication of the day—a book
of 188 pages—700 photo engravings from nature
—12 superb colored and duotone plates of vege-
tables and flowers.

It is a mine of information of everything that 1s worth
while in gardening either for pleasure or for profit and
should be in the hands of every lover of the Garden Beau-
tiful and Bountiful. As a book of reference alone it is
invaluable.

To give this catalogue the larges’. possible distn-
bution, we make the following liberal offer:

EVERY EMPTY ENVELOPE
= COUMS S eS

To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen

and who encloses Ten Cents (in stamps), we will mail the catalogue,
and also send free of charge

Our Famous 50-cent ‘‘Henderson” Collection of Seeds
containing one packet each of Grant Sweet Peas, Mixed, Giant
Fancy Panstes, Mixed; Giant Victoria Asters, Mixed; All Seasons
Lettuce ; Early Ruby Tomato; and Henderson’s Electric Beet ina
coupon envelope, which, when emptied and returned, will be accepted
as a 25-cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and
upward.

PETER HENDERSON & CO.
35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, NEW YOR

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
PEA HOMES ar b era ‘we H E G A R D E N M A G A UY, I N EK

Marcu, 1908:

| B
| ALABASTINE

L SW,

Are You Tired of Wall Paper Patterns?

Then decorate your walls with Alabastine—in dainty tints to harmonize
with the woodwork and furnishings of each room. The soft, velvety finish
that Alabastine gives the walls makes the most restful and effective back-
ground. You can do the work yourself, or employ a painter or decorator.

When once the wall is finished with Alabastine you save all the fuss
and bother of washing or scraping the old material from the walls when
you are ready to redecorate. Simply cover up the rugs or carpet and the
furniture, and then apply another coat of Alabastine in any desired tint.

Alabastine

The Sanitary Wall Coating

therefore cuts the cost of decorating in half, and adds to the healthfulness of the home
because it is the only absolutely sanitary material you can use. Alabastine neither
fades, rubs off nor scales. It becomes a part of the wall and offers no breeding place
for disease germs or insects.

Alabastine is sold in carefully sealed and properly labeled packages at 50¢ for white
andd5e for tints, by all Paint, Drug, Hardware and General Stores. See thatthe name
Alabastine”’ is on each package before itis opened, either by yourself or the painter.

Tell us the size of the rooms you wish to decorate, color of woodwork in each, and
we will send you special detailed color plans in the genuine Alabastine tints and give
you valuable information in regard to beautifying your home at small expense.
Alabastine tint cards mailed free on request.

The Alabastine Company, 924 Grandville Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.
a Eastern Office, Dept. Y, 105 Water Street, New York City.

Gil
For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive
there. There is no soilso light and sandy but that some of our hardy wild
ferns will beautify it, For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns
and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply
ferns for the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our
native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and
Swampy spots, rocky hill sides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We also grow the hardy
SO wieS wich require open sunlight — primroses, campanulas, digitalis,
violets, etc,

Write for my descriptive catalogue. It tells about this class of plants.

EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass.

ett’s Ferns and Flowers

How to Plant a Strawberry Bed

iG IS easy enough to grow good straw-
berries and plenty of them by taking
care of the little details in the beginning.
First of all the land must be well prepared.
It must be plowed or dug deeply and thor-
oughly harrowed. Whatever fertilizers are
given must be applied before plowing so
that they will be well worked into the soil,
and you can practically always gauge the
amount of fertilizers given—the more manure
the more berries. I have found that kainit
will destroy the wireworm, and combined
with soluble phosphate rock it increases the
yield of my beds more than any other combi-
nation of fertilizers. Planting is to be done
as early as possible (usually in April), so
the ground must be worked over the moment
it is available; fall plowing is especially
valuable therefore.

My method of procedure is this: After
the land has been thoroughly harrowed, I
level it, then roll it to firm it and give a smooth
surface to the marker. The distance to
make the rows apart depends entirely upon

| what system of culture is to be pursued.

If the plants are to be grown in narrow or
hedge rows, make the rows twenty-eight
inches apart and set the plants eighteen
inches apart in the row. The claim is made
by this system all the plants obtain more
air and light and do not crowd each other,
and are easier to pick. If they are to be
grown in wide, matted rows, make the rows
thirty-six inches apart, setiing the plants

| eight inches apart in the row. Advocates of

this system say that if proper careis taken to
distribute the runners or young plants in
the row while hoeing instead of depending
on the cultivator to push them into place
the crop will be larger and the fruit of the
best quality.

Having determined on the system to be
pursued, mark the land accordingly and it
is then ready to receive plants. These can
be taken from the bed intended for the
season’s fruiting, cutting out only such plants

| as may have strayed out between the rows, or

from sections which seem the most crowded;
but it is much better to grow a row of plants
especially for the purpose. Such a row
should be permitted to produce runners
freely, and all efforts in cultivation directed
to the production of the greatest number of
healthy plants. When ready to plant the
bed, this row is dug up in its entirety, and
all the plants thrown in baskets for convey-
ance to some suitable place for their prep-
aration.

Having selected a suitable place to prepare

Marcu, 1908 TIBLIS, CoN IR ID II, WEA ENA MING ie a ee eee le 87
SEG lg EENUSS hc oe iin lpg te eg ea ea

242 Million Dollars

Life Insurance, Issued and Paid for during 1907,
on over 1,500,000 Policies, is the
Magnificent Record of

THE PRUDENTIAL

Total Insurance in Force, Over

$1,557,000,000

Seven and One Quarter Million Policies.

Paid Policyholders during 1907, ove - - 18 Million Dollars
Total Payments to Policyholders to Deeb a 1907, over - - 141 Million Dollars
Loans to Policyholders, on Secunty of ee Policies, Dec. 31,1907, over - 7 Mullion Dollars
Tax Payments by Company in 1907, o - - - 1% Mullion Dollars

REDUCTION IN EXPENSES IN ‘1907, on a ase of | Million Doll
Equal Premium Incomes in 1906 and 1907, nearly i lion Dollars

Gain in Insurance in Force, in 1907, over 84 Million Dollars
This was a Greater Gain than in 1906.

The Prudential

through its Splendid Equipment,
Experience and Organization Has
Given, Since the Introduction of

TIAL 5
ae TRENGTH OF | ita the New Industrial Policy and
ce Fy GIBRALTAR uty

New Low Cost Ordinary Policy

More Life Insurance for Less
Money

Than Ever Before.

ation o

The Prudential Insurance Co. of America

Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey

JOHN F. DRYDEN, President Home Office, Newark, N. J.

%

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Mareu, 1908

Every Fence

should be appropriate to its use. The simple
fence here shown iswell suited for the small
suburban place.

We make fences for every purpose—Iron Rail-
ings—Entrance Gates—Wire and Iron Fences
for Lawns, Gardens, Stock Paddocks, Poultry
Runs, Dog Kennels, etc.

Wealso design and build a great variety of
Iron Arbors for vines and fruit trees, Arches,
Plant Supports, Tree Guards, etc.

Send for Illustrated Catalog.

Anchor Post Iron Works
40 Park Row New York City

Flowering Shrubs and
Evergreens

Herbaceous Perennials, Irises

and Roses

SHATEMUC NURSERIES
Barrytown, Dutchess Co., N. Y.

PRUNING AND PRUNING ADVICE
James Wesson Phelps, LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECT
Eleven Years’ Experience In All

Branches of Landscape Work. Bolton, Conn.

We manufacture the

“AMERICAN” MACHINERY

for the following described work :

rotary and coring
work, Deep well pumping machinery, Air Com-
pressors for all duties, Centrifugal Pumps for irriga-
tion and reclamation purposes.

We should be glad to mail printed matter to in-
terested applicants. Ask for Circular RH.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS
Aurora, Ill. or ist Natl. Bank Bldg., Chicago

Well drilling and prospecting,

the plants for setting, they are dumped out
ina heap. Fach plant is then selected from
this heap and stripped of all the old runners
and dead leaves, and the roots trimmed to
about three inches long. All the old parent
plants must be discarded. The plants are
now ready for conveyance to the field where
they are dropped at holes provided for their
reception.

These holes are best made with the
spade, the blade being driven in on the
line and the handle levered over to one side
before withdrawing. This leaves the hole
even on one side, while on the other the soil
is banked from the pressure of the spade
blade. To set each plant is taken in the
hand, the roots spread apart with the fingers,
and the plant is then held against the flat
side of the hole—the crown of the plant even
with the surface—the soil is pushed from
the banked side into the hole and against
the roots and made firm.

PLANTING IMPERFECT KINDS

When the bed is being set with a variety
having only pistillate flowers, every fourth
or fifth row must be planted with a variety
having perfect flowers in order that the flowers
of the plants with pistillate flowers may be
pollenated; otherwise there will be no crop.

In about a week’s time after planting, the
bed is ready to receive its first hoeing. The
soil should be thoroughly stirred around
and between the plants and followed by the
cultivator between the rows. The _ best
cultivator for this purpose is a diamond
toothed one, the outer teeth being kept
sharp on their outer edges. The cultivator
should be held first on one side and, turning,
on the other side of the row, close to the
plants.

Train the runners over every gap made
through the destruction or dying out of the
plants originally set, so that there may be no
blanks.

New York. A. BonAR BALFOUR.

Hollandaise Sauce

N PAGE 7g it is recommended that
Hollandaise sauce be served with
seakale. It makes this vegetable most deli-
cious, accentuating its flavor, and is easily
prepared as follows:

To one tablespoon of freshly crushed
whole white pepper add four tablespoons
of vinegar, one teaspoon of fresh lemon
juice, four leaves of parsley, and four leaves
of chervil, which have been thoroughly
washed and drained. Put these in a small
enameled pan and place it on the corner
of the range, stirring once in a while, allow-
ing the mixture to slowly reduce to one-
half the quantity. Then press it through
cheese-cloth into a bowl, put in the yolk
of one fresh egg and beat with a whisk for
one minute.

To this carefully add, drop by drop,
one gill of hot melted butter, rapidly
and continually stirring with the whisk
while adding it. Season with two salt-
spoons of salt and half a saltspoon of cayenne
pepper, and briskly whisk for one minute
longer. Press through a cloth and serve.

Large Blocks of Ornamentals

in
AURORA NURSERIES,
AURORA, ILL.
THE VERY BEST OF EVERYTHING
Handsome Catalogue Free. Send for it to-day.

The Sower Has
No Second Chance

Good sense says make the most of the first.

FERRY’S

SEEDS

have made and kept Ferry’s Seed Business the
largest in the world—merit tells.

Ferry’s Seed Annual for 1908
tells the whole Seed Story—sent FREE for the
asking. Don’t sow seeds till you get it.

D. M. FERRY & CO., Detroit, Mich.

EVERY HOME

should be adorned with Palms and
other leaf and foweone plants. We
have 44 greenhouses full. Also have
hundreds of carloads of Fruit and
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses,
Piants, Vines, Bulbs, Seeds.
Rarest new—choicest old. Mail size
postpaid, safe arrival and satisfaction
guaranteed. Larger by express or
freight. Direct deal will save you
money; try it. Elegant 168=page
Catalogue FREE. 54 years. x1200acres. 44 greenhouses.

The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 98, Painesville, Ohio.

BERRY PLANTS

% We are headquarters for plants of the
ma new “ Oswego’’ strawberry and 50 other
best new and old varieties. Also the

“Plum Farmer” raspberry and other

desirable kinds of Raspberries, Black-
berries and other Fruit Plants, etc. 24 years
experience. Highest awards at World’s Fair.
We invite correspondence. Catalog free.
L. J. FARMER, Box 829, Pulaski, N. Y.

$3000 Per Acre in Tomatoes

Outdoor culture. Concrete or cement plant protector. Patent
pending. Set plants six weeks earlier and get hothouse prices. Will
sell territorial rights and furnish mold. Enclose 2c. stamp for cir-

cular. J. H. HALEY, MUNITH, MICH.

ff MAKE YOUR $S We furnish patent
c paten
G OWN GATE FOR 2. 30 galvanized attach-
Ae a SS eT ments with which
iravanaranara a VAY, WAVAVAVAVAVAIN/N/N/N (\ you can make aslide
HHO6O4 AY AS Ww, SOE pray, Xx and swing gate that
4 doesnot bind, sag or
have to be carried.
Can be operated as
easily as a door. No
strain on post. Does.
away entirely with extra walk gate. Endorsed by hundreds of farmers

on railroads.
30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL

Special prices and freight paid on large lots.

We also make a full line of complete gates in GALVANIZED steel.
or wood, and a superior woven wire fence of very moderate cost.

Write today for catalogue and full information.

WESTON GATE COMPANY
47 Hall Avenue, North Dover, Ohio

7 42

The Readers’ Service will giv
Marcu , 1908 a H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E bon EheA iastdn OCI 89

; (p> 7
The Stately Beauty, Magnolia Grandiflora “ca

T is the finest of all the broad-leaved evergreens. In its southern home specimens

75 to #100 feet are not unknown and trees of over 50 feet are common. Richly
fragrant white flowers, often a foot in diameter, are borne for full two months in
spring, with sometimes an aftermath of fall bloom. The broad and _ glistening
green leaves surround each flower to make it a_ perfect Nature's bouquet. The
hardiness of this Magnolia is underestimated. Often grown as far north as Phila-
delphia, good specimens are found on Long Island and in Kentucky. In Knoxville
it has withstood a temperature of 17 degrees below zero. Planting of properly-grown
stock and limited protection will insure success in many northern communities with this

Crowning Glory of the Old-Time Southern Home

It grows in several varieties. Magnolia Grandiflora is the most beautiful, doubtless, but the Large-flowered Magnolia (Magnolia
Grandiflora Gloriosa) is a pleasing variation with blossoms often measuring 15 inches in diameter. Other Magnolias include the Sweet
Bay (Magnolia Glauca) of our southern swamps and lowlands, than which
there is nothing sweeter, the Starry Magnolia (Magnolia Stellata), a large
shrub or small tree, hardy, and a dream of spring loveliness. The Yulan

(Magnolia Conspicua) is a showy tree, literally covered with flowers in
spring, different from others. Nothing can be finer than combination

planting of part of the home grounds with selected Magnolias in a large
portion of the United States. The splendid evergreen kinds especially
deserve to be much more extensively used.

Get Our Thrifty Young Trees

4 to 3 feet, Knoxville-grown and the finest in existence. Magnolias
can be grown from seed, but it takes years of careful attention and expert
knowledge to germinate the seed, get the plants started and grown to
useful size. We relieve you of all this trouble and care, and furnish you
hardy, sturdy trees, grown under conditions of soil and climate that have
given them the maximum of good qualities. Prices? Most reasonable.
$1 each, or $10 a dozen, transportation charges prepaid. You can’t get as
good stuff elsewhere right at the Nursery, with the freight to pay.

Send for Our New
Book, Free

We want to get acquainted with you,
wherefore we've made a nursery catalog
that is decidedly “different” to put our story
fairly before you. Every copy costs us over
25 cents, but we'll gladly send it to you free.
Down here in the heart of the Southern
Alleghenies there’s an ideal combination of
soil and climate which we are putting to the
uses for which it was intended by the Creator
—growing plants and trees of the best quality.
Let us tell you and show you what we have.

The book is called ‘‘Peter’s Plants—
with which to Create Anew the Old-
Time Hardy Gardens.’’ Your copy
is waiting—where shall we send it ?

Peter’s Nursery Co.
Box 337, Knoxville, Tenn.

90

The Readers’ Service will put you
in touch with reliable nurserymen

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

FLINTKOTE

ROOFING

Can Be Laid Single-Handed

The clean, quiet, easy way of laying Rex
Roofing is in strong contrast to the smoke and
smell and muss of putting on a tar and gravel
roof, or to the clatter and bang of laying tin;
and the contrast is further emphasized in the
bills for labor, when the cost of one ordinary
workman’s time is compared with that of the
crew of skilled mechanics necessary to lay
other kinds. Rex is the easiest roofing to lay,
and the best roof after it is laid.

OUR FREE BOOK ON ROOFING

will tell you more about it and give Pea
you points on the roofing prcblem
that every house owner should
know. Samples of Rex Flintkote
sent with the book. Make your
own tests and come to your own
conclusions.

All dealers know_about Rex
Flintkote Roofing. You can tell
it if you ‘‘Look for the Boy”
trade-mark on the roll.

J. A. & W. Bird & Co., 29 India St., Boston, Mass.

Agents everywhere

© Dyin Mars Beg UF OR

a

Page ornamental wrought-iron fence is the most
economical for enclosing Lawns, Parks, Cemeteries,
etc. Itis beautifully finished, and made of strongest
wrought iron, which does not rust. Page wrought-
iron fence lasts a lifetime. Page Ornamental
Wrought-Iron Fence can be had in any style, design
or height. Send for special catalog on Wrought-
Iron Fence. Ask about our Woven Wire Fence.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
Box 8323, Adrian, Mich.» X

ATA

| mcr

Planters’ Ready Reference to the
Best Peas

| A Re hard-seeded, smooth, round peas may
be planted as early in the spring as the
ground can possibly be worked; the wrinkled
seed must not be planted until the ground
has become warmed. Otherwise, they will rot,
| with the results that the seeding simply has
| to be done over again. The round seeds are
so hardy that for several years I have planted
them in well drained ground late in the fall,
there to lie dormant all winter, germinating
| early in the spring. This fall planting
gives the earliest supply of fresh peas.

HOW MUCH SEED?

A larger quantity of pea seed must be
planted to produce a good supply than with
any other vegetable, with the possible excep-
tion of spinach. Fifty feet of row is about
a minimum quantity for family use. This
will take one pint of seed in the round sorts,
and more of the larger wrinkled sorts. Put
the seed well down in the ground (three to
four inches is not too deep) after the soil
has become well warmed in the spring.
Work the ground between the rows frequently
and deeply. If the vines lie on the ground,
| work one side of the row, then turn the

| vines over and’ work the other side. Where

space will permit, plant in long rows and

work the soil between the rows with a ma-
| chine tool at least once a week. Space
may be economized by sowing a low-growing
variety in two rows a foot apart with a three or
four-foot space between each double row, so
that the soil may be thoroughly stirred
with the cultivator. Double rows of the
taller sorts may also be planted in the same
manner, leaning the two rows of brush
together at the top to support them more
firmly. A perfect succession can be kept
up in the home garden by successive plant-
ings of the extra early and second early
| varieties, omitting the very tall later kinds
which are somewhat more troublesome to

grow.
THE BEST VARIETIES

Extra Earlies, requiring about sixty to six-
ty-five days from time of planting until ready
for the table. Yield two pickings under or-
dinary conditions.

“Best” Extra Early, First in the Market,
| Lightning and similar stocks of Philadel-
_phia Extra Early. Height 18 inches to
_2 feet; pods round, 2 to 24 inches long;
smooth, hard white seed. Very sweet flavor
if gathered young.

Alaska. Height 18 inches; pods round,

WRITE FOR OUR BOOK

‘Plants and Plans for
Beautiful Surroundings ”

It is full of invaluable information
illustrations of flowers and beautiful
lawns.

It shows how the modest as well as
the most extensive grounds can easily
be made charming and_ attractive.
There is nothing more pleasing and
delightful to cultured taste than artis-
ticand properly planted grounds.

We grow and import all of the

j choicest hardy plants, shrubs, trees,
box and bay trees for creating beauti-

¢ ful landscape effects in formal or ¥
natural landscape gardening. Write
now, lest you forget.

Wagner Park Conservatories
Box 319, Sidney, Ohio

| HERITAGE
A Strawberry

New seedling that has never been excelled. Full par-
ticulars and Cultural Directions for the garden FREE.

J. E. HERITAGE, Marlton, N. J.
GROWN IN NEW JERSEY ¢

under soil and climate advantages—and ready
to start growth again, anywhere, as soon aS
planted. Pomona Nurseries

TREES AND PLANTS

are the satisfactory kind. A complete as-
sortment especially strong in Hardy Flow-
ering Shrubs, Evergreens and Strawberry
Plants. Landscape plans prepared and
executed. Catalog free.

T. E. Steele, Dept. 22, Palmyra, N. J.
When you place a Sun-
Dial in your garden or

SUN-DIALS oe ereda

there the most interesting, appropriate, artistic and practical
thing possible. rite today for our book on Sun-Dials and
Pedestals, Catalog H-29.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO., 835-1035 Elston Av., Chicago.

Eastern Office: 1128 Broadway, New York.

Successors to Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, and Hartmann Brog. Mfg.Co., Mt. Vernon, N.¥.

SOMETHING FOR EVERY GARDEN.
EVERYTHING FOR SOME GARDENS.

New large descriptive catalogue now ready. Mailed on application.

THE McGREGOR BROS. COMPANY, Springfield, Ohio

ry 7 The Readers’ Service 1. dt
Marcu, 1908 HE H E G A R D EN M AGAZIN E Bice irons SM TELerA TE schools 9]

Send for lie Copy

“Great Chas

of Strawberries
and How to Grow Them”

If you want toknow how to grow big

crops of big red strawberries and how

to get big prices, send for our 1908 book.

Don’t think of getting along »nother

season until you have it. It tells all

about soil preparation, setting, mating.

pruning, cultivating, spraying, mulching,

picking, packing and marketing. All of

these essential features and many more are

explained in such a way that you can’t go

wrong. It was written right out in the straw-

berry field by a man who has made a fortune grow-

ing strawberries, and he tells you just exactly how he

does things. Beautifully illustrated, mighty interesting.
You may wonder how we can afford to send you this valuable book free. Well,

you see it’s just like this:

WE HAVE THE LARGEST STRAWBERRY
PLANT FARM IN THE WORLD

and our Tharouskbeed Pedigree Plants have won the world’s highest fruiting record.

They have lifted many a man out of failure and boosted him to triumphant s success.

Perhaps you are one of those fellows who has an ambition to be the Strawberry King
of your section. If you have, and you ever read this book, it will open your eyes.
You will then see how easy it is to make money in the strawberry business when
you have the right kind of plants and follow the proper methods,

Itisa pleasure to grow strawberries when you can get bigger crops, bigger berries,
and bigger prices than the other fellow. This book shows you just how to do this
very thing. Itis crowded brim full of good things from beginning to end. Every

page has a picture of'a strawberry or of a strawberry field, showing actual results
BBEiTed by growers who use Thoroughbred Pedigree Plants. These fellows are
just bubbling over with enthusiasm, and that’s what helps a man over the rough
places. They say this book is worth its weight in gold. Wesay it is worth more—
it’s a regular:gold mine to those who follow its instruction. Send and get one and
see for yourself; your address—that’s all. The Book's free.

R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 690, Three Rivers, Michigan.

| ANTELOPE
YELLOW

4)

collection of

SIX NEW GIANT
a DAHLIAS

AUGUSTA =i a $ 3! OO
; Delivered free to any Post Office
y inthe United States.
1 Delivery of Roots in April.
i AawWI0W Garden Manta tor
1908,entirely new. MOSt ar—

.SHOESMITH / i tistic, complete and original. .
SCARE I Sei Mailed free upon application.

WW. RAWSON: &COMPANY

UNION ST.. STON
iipeeiaiises of Highest Grade meus Pants Ra Bulbs.

Rosedale Plants

Quality Plants

yet the cost is but slightly more than for inferior stock. The economy of
planting dependable stock becomes more and more apparent

Gold each year and the demand for Rosedale products grows in
Medal at corresponding ratio. ‘‘All the Bulbs, Peonies and Roses I
5 have purchased of you from time to time have been satis-

St. Louis factory, etc., and it has been gratifying for me to be able to
1904 turn a great many people in your direction’’ writes a custo-

CACTUS FLOWERING mer whose letter is typical of a great many others. One of
GERANIUMS the great factors in the rapid growth of our business has been

A novelty of the greatest value in three distinct colors,

Salmon, Light Pink and Scarlet, 25c each postpaid The Testimony of Satisfied Patrons
Roses 2 vear plants, by express for $5.0 An original order for 150 Roses from one person has led to aaditional
hese were in full bloom lastsummer | |} orders for over 800 more, in three years. We have supplied one large
Cut back to 18 mehes last fall. Now in cold frames estate over 26,000 trees in four years, besides shrubs, bulbs, ete. One meted
Etoile de France Winnie Davis Rosarian sent us a $1,200.00 check for rose plants. Such orders are not
Rey Be ee placed at random. Small orders receive just the same attention at our hands
Magnafrano Pink Cochet and our reasonable prices place good stock within the reach of all.
Cardinal White Cochet
Ee a ea The Rosedale Catalogue Gives Sizes and Prices.
Dahlias a Specialty and its descriptions are brief and accurate. Rosedale specialties are Irish
e These are the finest and larg- | Roses, grown to order by Dickson & Sons—the cream of
10 1ants est selected from 400 wancties Specimen the best varieties in plants that have magnificent roots and
: By -moailipastpaid Vfor $1.29 Sizes for will produce grand blooms the first season: Hardy Flow-
Cuban Giant pemgn an | Immediate ecting Plants, of the kinds which flourished in the gardens
Prof. Mansfield 20th Century Effect of our grandmothers; Ornamental and Fruit Trees; Ever-
Clara Siredwick ‘ Ne Jonest SAE greens; Shrubs, etc. Fuller information cheerfully fur-
ran uke exis atherine juer

nished upon request. Catalogue free.
All plants are guaranteed to reach you in.

good growing condition or replaced free Landscape Department, 63 Hamilton Place

Send for free catalogue ROSEDALE NURSERIES TARRYTOWN, N. Y.

W. R. GRAY Paikrax on Va

' Gosia :
Uae Anita MIDIS) EUAN IDOI INLNG AZ UN - -Mancn, 1908

(“Anniversary Number

[ees que Hook

ry
EER « sgexterse
AN ASTER

We want every reader of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to have a
copy of our ‘‘ 70th Anniversary Garden Book.’’ It is more than
a mere catalogue. It is the acknowledged authority on flowers,
vegetables, decorative plants, shrubs, lawn— every needful
for the large country estate or a small city garden. Many
leading colleges use it as a reference book.

The 70th Anniversary Edition of ‘ Dreer’s Garden Book”?
has been enlarged to 248 pages.

Four color and four duotone plates, and hundreds of
photographic reproductions of worthy novelties and dependable
varieties of flowers and vegetables.

Both the amateur and professional gardener can rely on the
varieties listed as being absolutely the best strains that are grown.

We will send a copy without charge
if you mention this magazine

New Orchid-flowered Sweet-Peas Smee pana Rosa Shirley ‘‘ Newport Pink’? Sweet William

Poppies oe ‘3 yi Whe color is a

Saal sosmmed F “4 strikingly bril-

direct from Mr. | S¢y)iilae ee liant, beautiful

Luther Burbank, i 4 , salmony-rose,

which he de- plant neat and

scribes as “Un- | ; compact and

usually large a. flowers borne in

pee lee massive heads

5 on 18-inch stems.

many new shades.” 15e per pkt., | ESHeeihy Wencly.

2 pkis. 25e. | 25¢ per pkt., 5
E : pkts. $1.00,

4 Chestnut since
4 Philcdelehie

Flowers of extra-
ordinary size, usu-
ally measuring 2
inches across with
wavy,crinkled stan-
dards and large
spreading wings.
Our “7oth Anniver-

sary Mixture”’ is
made up of finest
named sorts and
new seedlings. roc
per pkt., 20¢ per ors, including

07z., 50¢ per % Ib.
and $1.50 per Ib.,
postage paid.

Henry A. Dreer

2 inches long; dry seed blue, slightly wrink-
led. Poor flavor:

Prolific Extra Early. Height 2 feet;
pods round, 2% to 3 inches long; hard round,
white seed. Similar to Philadelphia Extra
Early but more numerous and slightly larger
pods, and fully a third more productive.

Surprise. Height 18 inches; small, round.
pods 2 inches long, very sweet.

Gradus or Prosperity. The earliest large-
podded variety, five days later than the
earliest small-podded sorts. Height 18 inches
to 2 feet; pods 3 inches long, 4 inch broad,
pointed, with five to seven very large peas.
Sweet sugary flavor.

Thomas Laxton. Similar to Gradus but
about three days later and pods blunt or
square ended, averaging one or two more
peas to the pod. Pods 3 to 34 inches long,
4 inch wide.

Second Earlies, sixty-five to seventy-five
days from time of planting until ready for
use. Average yield about hree pickings,

Surprise, perhaps the best American raised pea;
first early; small grains

two to three days apart. There are both
dwarf and tall sorts; the former grow 18
to 24 inches in height and do not require
brush support. The tall or vine sorts grow
2 to 3 feet high and must be staked.

American Wonder (dwarf), pods round,
pointed ends, 2 to 24 inches long, medium
sized peas. Sweet and sugary.

Nott’s Excelsior (dwarf). Similar to
American Wonder, but with blunt or square
ended pods. Productive. Fine flavor.

Premium Gem (dwarf). Height 20 to
24 inches; pods round, 25 inches long.
Fine flavor.

For the tall kinds (24 to 3 ft.), McLean’s
Advancer, Horsford’s Market Gardener,
Bliss Everbearing, Burpee’s Quality are
popular, but larger peas are found in Bur-
pee’s Profusion and Improved Senator; in-
deed these are rated as standing half way
between the smaller, round-pod sorts of the
older type and the large-podded Telegraph
type. Pods round, 24 to 3 inches in length,
well filled with medium sized peas.

Duke of Albany (or American Champion)

Memes. 1908 THE EGARDDN WMAEGAZIONIO ye Or ees 93
“HARDY
AS A

ROCK”

This New Creation
Astonishes All Plant Authorities

Every authority on horticulture who has seen them is astounded at their
beauty. They are truly wonderful to all who have seen them.
At the Jamestown Exposition crowds were attracted by them and the
Plant Judges awarded them the Special Silver Medal Award. Since last
March, when they were first introduced, 4478 plants have been sold to flower lovers
all over the world.
Picture blooms similar to the illustration, from 8 to over 10 inches in diameter, in

pS! rich, fiery crimson, bright glowing red, soft shades of pink and pure white. The
uy effect is startlingly gorgeous.

ACTUAL A The attractive, graceful foliage enhances the beauty of these plants and is far superior to
ee the old forms in this respect.

From July to late October, when the frost comes, the flowers continue to appear in abundance—three months of glo-
rious bloom. Plant them in your shrubbery beds, perennial borders or, in fact, anywhere on your lawn or in your garden, and

the effect will surpass any other floral arrangement.
Order at once—a delay may mean a regret, as we sold out of some sizes and colors last season.

TWO-YEAR=-OLD ROOTS mer for the first time. Most wonderful results are antici- , FEAR _OFF ALONG THIS LINE AND MAIL TO-DAY:
These will positively flower abundantly this season. pated. The flowers should be a vast improvement on the | WAG UNL GEAR at SOR GIN TNG Wi, Wah
Grand results are possible with these strong roots the pe :
first season, and you are assured of a wealth of bloom.

present Mallow Marvels, having to a greater degree the
rich coloring, immense flowers and exquisite form of the
parent plants.

Please send me the following order:

Crimson Mallow Marvel $2.00 each $15.00 per 10 ] A Id thi Case Mallow Marvels (color) $f
White Mallow Marvel 2:00 15.00. « soae ee ors they will be so is spring at the |
Red Mallow Marvel 2.00 “ 15.00“ * 3 for $1.00 Baby Mallow Marvels f
Pink Mallow Marvel 1.50 “« 10.00 « « Special. On request we will mail a beautiful colored | Enclosed find ¥
nelose
BABY MALLOW MARVELS plate of these wonderful Mallow Marvels. eter ;

Here is an opportunity for the plant enthusiast. Two 80=-PAGE PLANT BOOK—FREE | your ens GT DAS SOME DEINE OOS OE SO RECS = 2Ce eS Jace
summers ago one of our experts selected and crossed, in Our 80-page plant bookisready for mailing. If you low 1
accordance with the famous Mendel theory of selection, Tae gunden or SoDUre) OF ee IEG pounced Name

~ / eau ul Ook. Is tu vo v Ss an ~ Ly

The; of the vse, Ost eens of gon Mallow Marvels. TIONS not contained in other books. SENT FREE ON l

he progeny resulting from this cross will flower this sum- REQUEST. | Adios

Th M h & S I Growers of Thrifty Trees and W:rdy Ptants
omas eenan ONS, INC., Box 17, Germantown, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Many thousands of strong flowering bushes are
Everblooming now ready for shipment, in kinds that will grow
and June Kinds and bloom from early Spring until late Autsmn.
Never before was such an exquisite collection
offered to the public. See our new General Cat.

Lycoris Squamigera alogue.

I NV early spring it sends

up its attractive strap-

; like foliage which grows

until late July, when it dies down and disappears. About a

month later the flower stalks spring like magic out of the bare

earth, and ris | ing to a height of two to four feet, develop an

umbel of Lily- shaped flowers from six to fifteen in number,

of a delicate lilac-pink shaded with clear blue. Perfetily

hardy in any \ ordinary garden soil. A wonderful novelty.
Each 75 cts. fm Three for $2.00; per dozen $7.00.

Vick’s ff Garden and Floral Guide

illustrates and describes all of the standard Vegetables and
Flowers, also all Novelties which are worthy of place among
Vick Quality Seeds and Plants. Some of them are: Vicks
Asters, world wide in fame, Giant Pansies, Fringed Petunias,
Scarlet Globe Radish, Big Boston Lettuce, Earliana Tomato,
Aulsa Craig Onton, Golden Nugget Sweet Corn, Swastika Pea.

A superbl
Hardy @f Plants —Old and New “erin
Catalogue of Flardy Flants, Roses, Shrubs, Climbers. A table

showing the time of blooming, ts particularly valuable. Every
L£ardener, professional or amateur, will be interested.

Either or both Catalogues mailed free on request.

James Vick’s Sons
362 Main St. E. Rochester, N. Y.

Rhododendrons Of these many thousands are pe
Hardy English mated in our Nursery. Plaftts in
_Hybrids and every color known to this
Maximum evergreen flowering Shru

Fruit Trees
Apples, Cherries,
Pears, Peaches

Clematis
rg Ww

Visit Our Nu 'Y You will find two hours walk in our Nursery
healthful and interesting.

Our Illustrated
General Tells you about the above and many other

Catalogue interesting things requisite to the Garden.

Consult our Landscape Department if you intend fo
beautify your grounds.

NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

and Shropshire Hero have larger pods, 4
inches long, ? inches wide, with peas of
large sizes and fine, sweet flavor.

Late or Main Crop. Ready for use in
from seventy to eighty-five days from time
of planting, and as a rule continuing pro-
ductive for a longer period than the
earlier varieties.

British Wonder, Stratagem, Pride of the
Market and Carter’s Daisy are of dwart
habit, growing 18 to 20 inches high, with
heavy, close-jointed stalks and large foliage.
Pods very broad and about 4 inches long,
well filled with very large peas.

Dwarf Champion. Grows only 18 to
24 inches high; pods round and well filled,
3 to 34 inches long. An exact counterpart
of the best strains of the favorite Champion
of England in all but height of vine.

Telephone, Boston Unrivaled, Alderman,
Telegraph. Height 4 to 5 feet; pods 4 to
4% inches long, ? to 1 inch broad; very large
peas.

Champion of England. Height 34 to
4% feet; pods round 3 to 34 inches long; peas
of medium size. Marblehead Marrowfat

House Plants
Chicken Lice

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN
27 VEARS

N“nond’s Slug

0
DESTROYS ALL INSECTS INJURIOUS?

This picture represents a perfo-
rated top carton of

Hammond’s
Slug Shot

sold all over America by the
seed dealers and many merchants
who deal in seeds.

For house plants or dusting on
chickens to destroy lice, it is safe
and effective.

ma

ficiency, “Horicum’’ for San Jose Scale.

For free pamphlets on “ Bugs and

Blights,” worth having, also for
‘“‘ Horicum ” pamphlet, write to

>332235353903223222277"

Fishkill-on=Hudson, New York

=| A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As _ practical
fruit growers we were using the
common sprayers in our own
orchards—found their defects
and then invented THE
ECLIPSE. Its success practi-
cally forced us into manufactur-
ing on a large scale. You take
no chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue and Treatise
on Spraying — FREE.

MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

100 Trees for $1

Raise your Forest and Orna-
mental Trees and Shrubs from
eed.

? Thisis the cheapest and best way to
ey) have the finest trees and shrubbery,
and affords a great deal of pleasure.

We have a special collection of seeds
of our five best trees from which you
can grow hundreds of hardy plants.
This collection by mail for $1.00.
When you order state where the trees
send the kind that will grow best.

are to grow and we will
Order the collection now and also—

Get our handsomely illustrated and uniquely descriptive cata-

ii5 “ 4
logue F of tree and shrub seeds. It givesreasons why,’ when’
and how.”

OTTO KATZENSTEIN & CO., ATLANTA, GA.

Make your garden pay double

Use the Planet Jr. Farm and Garden Tools. They save time and labor,

take the place of expensive “‘help,”’ and prepare for a bigger, better crop.

Planet Jrs. do great work—made by a practical farmer and manufac-

turer. And they last long—made of the finest materials for the purpose, -
4

guaranteed. ‘They pay for themselves over and over again. Ie

No. 25 Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow combines every useful —-s
tool in one strong, light, easy-running, simply adjusted implement—opens the furrow, sows the
seed in drills or in hills 4 to 24 inches apart, covers, rolls, and marks out the next row; and
does thorough work as a _double-wheel hoe, cultivator and plow.

Planet Jr. 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer is a great tool for berry-growers
and market-gardeners—invaluable wherever fine. close work is needed ‘The twelve
chisel-shaped teeth leave the ground in the finest condition. Turns hard work for three
men into easy and better work for one. Write today for illustrated 1908 catalogue
describing our 45 kinds of farm implements including Wheel-Hoes, One- and Two-
Horse Cultivators, Harrows, and Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.

PLANET Jr.

is similar to this but of inferior flavor.
Dwarf White Marrowfat and Black Eye

Marrowfat.

Height 4 to 5 feet;

pods

round, 3 to 34 inches long; medium sized

peas of inferior flavor.

Penna.

125 105-18).

Pictures of Special Gardens

Mie following gardens for special pur-
poses have been pictured in the first
six volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.
The numbers refer to volume and - page.

ForMAL GARDENS

Annuals, 3: 148, 6: 233
Autumn, 1: 190
Beginner’s, 3: 10
Box bordered, 5: 25
Bulb, 2: 123, 4: 116
Cheapest small, 5: 13, 5: 222,
5: 338, 6: 72, 6: 190
City, 5: 13, 5: 222, 5: 338,
6: 72, 6: I90
Collector’s, 5: 24
Colonial, 5: 25
Complete for family of six,
2: 214
Costing $25, 5:
338
$50,) 55 Lay 5: 15 5n02225
i 2A, 8 Bes ©8 72
6: 190
$75, 5: 224, 5: 338, 6: 73
$100, 5: I5, 5: 224, 5:
338, 6: 73, 6: I90
Evergreen, 1: 73, 2: 28, 6: 191
Fern, winter, 2: 276
Forced twigs, 3: 18
Formal, 3: 152, 3: 300, 6: 233
Iris, 2: 114
Kaleidoscopic, 3:
Library, 2: 135
Maze, 1: 178
Night-blooming, 1: 21
Old-fashioned, 3: 154
Peony, 6: 191
Piazza, 4: 64
Radial, 1: 14
Roof, 5: 340
Rose, 5: 24, 5: 335
Six-by-eight, 4: 229
Southern ante-bellum, 5: 25
Formal, 5: 334
Sunken, 5: 24
AACR, A2 WRG. Re SIO
Vegetable, decorative, 1: 14
Vegetable-and-flower, 4: 232
Water, I: 21, I: 182, 1: 266,
{ 4: 70, 5: 285
Window, indoor, 1: 228, 3:
I5, 3: 18, 4: 231, 4: 267
Outdoor, 5: 286
Winter, indoor, 6: 138
INFORMAL GARDENS
Alpine, 1: 75, 3: 133
Annuals, 5: 119
Autumn, 3: 280, 4: 95, 6: 75
Azalea, 5: 336
Backyard, 2: 262, 2: 271, 5:23
Bog, 5: 342

14, 5: 15, 5:

148

Bulb, 6: 135
Children’s, 3: 26

Chrysanthemum, 2: 162, 3:

Flower, 1: 72
all, 5: 27
Collector’s, 6: 73
Bog, 5: 343
Costing $25, 5: 13
$50, 5: 13, 5: 223, 6: 7
$75, 6: 73, 6: 190
100, 6: I90
Fern, hardy, 5: 222
Rock, 3: 24
Floral effect, 1: 72
Fragrant, 3: 226
Front yard, 3: 153
Gourd, 3: 218
Grasses, 3: 270
Heath, 3: 334
Hidden, 3: 153
Iris, 6: 73
Japanese, 5: 24, 5: 335
March, 6: 135
Orchid, bog, 5: 343
Hardy, 4: 13
Outdoor living-room, 5: 346,
6: 234
Passage way, I: 73
Pathway, 5: 147
Perennials, 3: 145, 5: 223
Pergola, 5: 10
Pink, 4: 74
Roadside, 3: 153
Rock, 3: 133, 5: 336
Rose, 3: 152
Seaside, 5: 23, 6: 233
Secluded, 5: 336
Shrubbery, 5: 224
Side yard, 1: 131
Southern azalea, 5: 336
Wild, 3: 273
Spectacular bog, 5: 345
Spring, 2: 87
Streamside, 1: 1
Tea, 5: 281
Ten-dollar-a-year, 1:
Transition, 6: 233
Wall, 3: 153, 5: 27
Water, 1: 266, 2: 279, 3: 73,
3: 321, 4: 180, 5: 336
Wild, 1: 188, 2: 118, 2: 125
2: 127, 4: 133, 5: I,

179

A useos
Winter, indoor, 6: 233
Outdoor, 4: 238. 6: 135

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses 95

z= Clovers

Z We are the lar-

gest growers of Clo-

vers and ‘Timothy

seed in the world.

We make a great
] specialty of

Timothy Medium Red Clover
Mammoth Red Clover

Alfalfa Clover Alsike Clover

Blue and Red Tep Grasses

Salzer’s 20th Century strain of above
seed is positively the purest seed on earth.

SALZER’S }

Great Catalog

Contains a splendid array
of pedigree seeds for the
American Farmcr. It’s the
only original seed book pub-
lished—brim full cf bristling
seed facts. It is gladly
mailed to you, also samples
of ciovers upon receipt of 10c
tO cOver postage.

; ) /
John A. Salzer Seed Co. ! (

1tHigh St., LaCrosse, Wis. | i

s
Grapevines e

A remarkable collection of grape-
vines at an exceedingly low price.
Allstrong, hardy growers—best vari-
ties—red, white, black —just whau

the town man or the farmer
= needs for planting around the
house or in the garden.
Write for our free book, which
tells what vines to plant and
how to cultivate them, the
construction of trellises, and
gives full details as to the
various methods of pruning,
Ls) formulas for insecticides, how to

spray, etc. We have the largest stock

and greatest variety of grapevines
and small fruit in the country.

T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY,
Grapevine Specialists, Fredonia, N. Y.

A THRIFTY GARDEN

whether large or smail, needs proper tools for seeding and culti-
vating. We make garden implements of all kinds, a tool for
every purpose.

MATTHEWS’ NEW UNIVERSAL

Hand Seeders and Cultivators

singly or combined with Hoes, Plows, Rakes

@ Markers, etc. Over 20 styles. FREE
BOOKLET giving description, prices and
valuable information mailed

to any address.
% Write Now.

acca counted on 3 fingers. The§
<«. DICKY is one of them.

I have the largest stock of B
§ Thrifty Plants in New

i England. I have been sell- R
fing Plants True to Name §
sx for forty years. My cCata-
Base logue is unique, not like any
RW . Free. Send for it. §
eS STRAWBERRY PRATT
z READING, MASS. f

Cs

Can Be Easily Tested

Many people do not realize that good paint, the kind which wears and
stays bright, is simply metallic lead reduced to a form in which it can
be applied with a brush. Lead in this form is called ‘“‘White Lead.”

Likewise, many people who do know that the best paint is ‘‘White Lead and Lin-
seed Oil,” mixed fresh for each job by a good painter, are totally ignorant of the
fact that much of the paint which they think is ‘Pure White Lead and Linseed Oil”
is so grossly adulterated that if tested it would yield no metallic lead whatever.
Such paint will not wear like genuine White Lead, and is very expensive in the end.

We desire to place in your hands, at our expense, the means of telling pure
White Lead from the counterfeit. Any man, woman or child can make the test.
We want you to make the test zozw—before spring painting begins.

You need not take anyone’s word for paint. Test it yourself. No one else is
half so deeply interested as you, if you have to pay the painting bill.

How to Make the Test

Subject the sample of supposed White Lead
to the flame of a candle, gas jet or spirit lamp.
Intensify the flame by use of the blow-pipe.
If globules of metallic lead appear, the White
lead is pure. If you can bring out no metallic
lead, it shows that the White Lead has been
adulterated.

FULL WEIGHT KEGS

The Dutch Boy Painter on
a keg guarantees not only
purity, but full weight of
White Lead. Our packages
are not weighed with the
contents; each keg contains
the amount of white lead
designated on the outside.

Write us for ‘‘Test Equipment V” and we will send free a blow-pipe and detailed instructions
for making this test

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
in whichever of the following cities is nearest you.
New York. Boston, Buffalo, Qleveland, Oincinnati, _ Chica; 0, _St. Louis,
Philadelphia [John T, Lewis & Bros. Co.) Pittsburgh [National Lead & Oil Go.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years

to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an
immediate effect. Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES “c*

WIl. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Tj you are planning to build the Readers’
96 Service can often give helpful suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

OLD HICKORY

stand all sorts of weather.
hickory with bark on.
over all 40 inches.
River.

every piece.
48-page illustrated catalogue

123 Cherry Street =

SPINDLE BACK CHAIR

Guaranteed most serviceable, comfortable, attractive Chair for
Porch and Lawn use ever sold at this remarkably low price.
Solidly constructed of genuine white
Seat 18 inches long, 16 inches deep; heigh
Price, $1.75, freight prepaid east of Mississippi
120 other styles of Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc., $1.50 up.
“The Old Hickory Chairs reached me O. K. last Saturday and to use Mrs. Wiles’s expression :

‘We are tickled to pieces’ over them. They are the pride of the neighborhood. I think I shall

want another piece of your artistic furniture later. Many thanks for your favor to me.”

“J take pleasure in advising you that the chairs shipped to me at Riverside, N. Y., have been

received, and I am more than pleased with them. If I have occasion to buy anything more of this

character, you may be sure that the Old Hickory Chair Company will get the order.”

Be sure to get the “Old Hickory” Furniture, and see that our trade-mark is on
If your dealer will not supply you, remit direct to us.

and our Special Introductory

THE OLD HICKORY CHAIR CO.

“The ‘Original Old Hickory’ Furniture Manufacturers.”

re
On

5]

Will

Style
No. 24.

ERNEST P. WILEs, Muncie, Ind.

A. M. Harris, New York, N. Y.

Ask for new
Offer FREE.

= Martinsville, Ind.

Gattle Manure

Shredded or

y im Bags Pulverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
= | bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write
“== for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

EVERGREENS

Largest stock in America,
including

Colorado Blue Spruce and
Douglas Spruce of Colorado.
Also Ornamental Shade and
Forest Trees,

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS,
Waukegan, III.

Beautiful—and Cheap

Soft, velvety colors, that will wear as long
as colors can, and cost 50% less than paint
to buy and apply, come from using

Cabot’s Shingle Stains
Made with

the best pigments, the best
fixatives, and Creosote, ‘‘the best wood

preservative known.’ The only stains
made of Creosote and without petroleum.
Stained-wood samples and color chart sent free

SAM’L CABOT, Inc. - Sole Manufacturers

1 OLIVER STREET- - - - BOSTON, MASS.
AGENTS AT ALL CENTRAL POINTS

: Tf you want Strawberry Plants, the best that
;| grow, I have millions of them grown expressly
\»9 for plants. 108 varieties, consisting of all the best

NW) standard and most promising new ones. Packed
to carry anywhereat reasonable prices. Mycat= |
alogue tells all about them and it is FREE. Write
NY postal for it today. Address
W. F. ALLEN, 38 Market St. Salisbury, Md.

When Planning Your Garden

a copy of our 1908 catalogue will be of great help
to you. For 26 years we have been headquarters
for high class vegetable and flower seeds.

Why not send for the catalogue to-day, it’s free
and better than ever?

M. H. BRUNJES & SON
1581 Myrtle Ave. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

. Groff’s Hybrids, Silver
Gladiolus Trophy and named
sorts. Fine assortment. Lowest prices.

Send 25c. for 25 assorted flowering size bulbs,
and catalog. Mention this magazine.

Geo. S. WoopRuFF, Independence, Iowa

Green & Green, Architects, Los Angees, Cal,

“Quilt,” the warmest sheathing paper

Recent Garden and Outdoor
Books

ee book publishers’ lists show a sur-
prising number of new books dealing
with problems of the soil and nature, and
it is evident that garden craft in America
is at last beginning to find itself. ‘The
beginnings were made a few years ago in
the production of books not entirely of the
practical handbook type suitable for the
professional worker of the soil, but of a more
or less “literary” kind, chiefly stimulated,
pethaps, by “Elizabeth and Her German
Garden.” Up to that time, the only readable
gardening books for the average man were
those by English authors which did not fit
American conditions, for many beautiful
flowers which flourish here refuse to grow
across the Atlantic and vice versa.
The Garden Month by Month. By Mabel
Cabot Sedgwick. Frederick A. Stokes Company, New

York, 19073; pp. 491, 20c half-tone engravings and color
chart. Price, $4.00 net.

This is the first comprehensive American
attempt to familiarize us with the little inti-
mate, practical details concerning the cultiva-
tion of the hardy perennial garden flowers.
The information is conveniently arranged
in tabular form by months, and gives the
English and common names of the plant,
its height, color of the flower, the situation
preferred, exposure, time of bloom, and any
particular cultural suggestions that will
help the amateur in growing it. This, taken
together with the tenth edition of Robinson’s
classical ‘‘ English Flower Garden” (imported
by Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York,
1906; price $6.00 net) should enable the
American amateur to become thoroughly
familiar with the garden possibilities of the
plants in this country.

Three Acres and Liberty. By Bolton Hall.

The Macmillan Company, New York, 1907 ; pp. 427, 16
illustrations. Price, $1.75 net.

The various magazines devoted to outdoor
living have for several years past been pre-
senting stories of achievements more or
less remarkable. ‘These accounts appeared
sporadically and often have aroused a feeling
of incredulity in the reader. Mr. Bolton Hall
has rendered a real service in collecting the
most significant of these stories in one
volume. Here is a guide for the man who
having been tied to a desk wishes to cut
loose and enjoy the freedom of making a
living from the soil. The author is not
extravagantly enthusiastic, but has the good
sense to point out the dangers and pitfalls
that the unskilled are likely to stumble
over.

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ws

66 99
For the Garden “Cozy Corner

This picture shows one of the many ways in which the Gladio-
lus may be used in the home garden. Planted between other
flowers in the border it gives the needed touch of color without
conflict with anything else.

The Gladiolus fits so nicely in the many odd spots of the gar-
den that it may well be called the ‘“‘cozy-corner” flower. You
don’t need an acre of ground to grow Gladioli—though in laige
space they make a dazzling display.

For planting againsta back-ground of foliage, vines or shrubs,
the Gladiolus is unexcelled—the many colors afford a brilliant
and pleasing display, in which there is no lack of harmony.
The erectness of the spikes and regular arrangement of the
flowers make Gladioli most desirable for the formal garden.

‘“¢The Twentieth Century Flower’’—Free

This handsome book tells the rest of the story of the modern
Gladiolus. _ It contains accurate descriptions of the best varie-
ties—many illustrated in colors—cultural directions, prices, etc.

ARTHUR COWEE, Gladiolus Specialist
BERLIN, N. Y.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

Erected for Mr. Chas. W. Bitner, Lancaster, Pa.

MEMORIALS AND
GARDEN FURNITURE

IN MARBLE, STONE AND GRANITE

MONUMENTS, MAUSOLEUMS, STATUARY, CROSSES, AL-
TARS, FONTS, HEAD STONES, BENCHES, SUN DIALS,VASES,
COLUMNS, FOUNTAINS, FIGURES, FLOWER BASINS, ETC.

THE ee ANE COMPANY

Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY

58 7/ FIFTH AVENUE, N E W YORK
Granite Works: Gixiieos PIETRASANTA, ITALY
BARRE, VERMONT tudi0s: ) 135th ST., NEW YORK CITY

SREINOD SE OFRY BI OlOVKSE Et

gt

° ° a/
CARFFS irons crowers

SMALL FRUITS

icking fresh, luscious berries, fruits and grapes

from one’s own plants is one of the joys of subur-

ban and country life sighed forby the city-dweller.

I have 8.0 acres here at New Carlisle devoted to

fruits, vineyards, vegetables. The field below is a

reat sight when hanging fullofripened blackberries.

ladly would I pilot you thro’ the rows where you

could help yourself to your heart’s content. But I

can’t bring you here, so I’ll send you part of this big field and you
Zcan enjoyitatyourhome. See free ofter under illustration below.

g Scarff’s Great Introductory Specials
Z
7

$5 FRUIT GARDEN.—By express, purchaser paying charges, I will
send 150 Strawberry, 6 Gooseberry, 20 Currant, 137 Raspberry and 87
Blackberry plants, and 12 Grape Vines. Free with this, three Rambler
Roses—crimson, white, yellow.

1 VEGETABLE GARDEN.—35 packets—one each, Asparagus, Beets,

arrot, Coffee-berry, Peas, Celery, Watermelon, Onion, Parsnip, Sage,
Spinach, Pop-corn, Pumpkin; 2each Cabbage, Cucumber, Lettuce, Mush-
melon, Radish, Squash, Turnip, Beans; 3each Sweet Corn, Tomato. All
sent postpaid.

$1 STRAWBERRY PATCH.—100 plants—25 each of 4 best varieties,
postpaid. Ifordered before May lst, a Baby Rambler Rose free.

nts this Field sent FREE

J ie Re re aes
On receipt of your name and address I will send you, all charges prepaid, three
fine, Blackberry bushes from this field. I will guarantee them to be equal to any
Isell. They are well-rooted BEEN VO growers, prolific, and of excellent
eating quality. I will send my new, handsome catalog for 1908, From this you can
select your small fruit plants, grape vines, vegetable seeds for spring planting,
and be sure of a “‘square deal”? every time. Address,

W. N. SCARFF, Small Fruit Specialist, New Carlisle, Ohio.
Q

Eee A cma. cits :
E TIRELY distinct, neitherdouble nor single, yet
having the good qualities of both. Itis not §
stiff and clumsy, as are the double kinds, and has [
a free, airy gracefulness lacking in the single vari-
eties. Pure white, with bright crimson eye, sur-
mounted with fine white crest. Wonderfully free
bloomer; sturdy grower; in bloom allsummer
Crested Beauty was originated by me and has
many points of merit not found in other kinds.
It is particularly pleasing in that it blooms so pro-
fusely late in the fall when almost all other shrubs ff
have ceased to flower. F

25c. each, $2.00 a doz. |

carriage charges prepaid—good, strong plants.
Larger sizes, cut back for mailing, 35 and socents
each, $3.00 and $4.00 per dozen, prepaid. The
stock of this splendid new Althea is limited, Place
order now—shipment made at any later date,

Superior Dahlias—I !elieve I am the old-
est living grower of Dahlias—at it nearly seventy
years. I have tested thousands of kinds and origi-
nated many fine varieties. Write me for speci:) quotations before you
place your Dahlia order. Pearlhilde, a new and rare near-white kind, 50 [jm
cents each, $5.0o0adozen. Order quick—I have only zoo bulbs of this variety-

WM. F. BASSETT Hammonton, N. Je}

98

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

No. 233. Fine Canopy Top Surrey.
$88. As goodas sells for $50 more.

Elkhart Buggies
and Harness

are sold direct from our factory to the user.
In buying from us you save the dealer’s
expenses and profits. 35 Years Selling
Direct is our record and we are today

Price complete,

The Largest Manufacturers
in the World

selling to the consumer exclusively.
We ship for examination and approval,
guaranteeing safe delivery. No cost
to you if not satisfied as to style, qual-
ity and price. Over 200 styles of
Vehicles and 65 styles of Harness.
Send for new free catalog.
ELKHART CARRIAGE &

HARNESS MFG. CO.
ELKHART, IND.

No. 685. ‘[wo-in-one Buggy with padded wing dash and
fine auto seat. Top easily removed for open wagon. Price
complete, $53.50. As good as sells for $25 more.

The Beautiful Hand -Woven

PEQUOT RUGS

Refreshing Simplicity

Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design
and inexpensive. Send for Booklet,

CHAS. H. KIMBALL

44 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn.

KEEP DRY AND]
_ COMFORTABLE

IN THE

HARDEST STORM

by wearing

| WATERPROOF
OILED

CLOTHING

BLACK OR YELLOW

Every Garment
Guaranteed,
LIGHT - CLEAN - DURABLE
LOW IN PRICE

WRITE TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET
DESCRIBING MANY KINDS OF
WATERPROOF GARMENTS

A.J. TOWER CO. BOSTON. U.S A
TOWER CANADIAN CO, LIMITED. TORONTO, CAN,

«money-making proposition,
“as, specifically as a book, necessarily gen-

Four Seasons in the Garden. By Eben E. Rex-
ford. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1907; pp-
290, 27 illustrations. Price, $1.50 net. -

The adornment and improvement of the
suburban back yard is the theme of this most
interesting book, which is a series of essays
on practical gardening for the individuals
who wish to merely make their home sur-
roundings reasonably comfortable and attrac-
tive. It is designed particularly for the
Atlantic Coast.

The Garden Book of California. By Belle
Sumner Angier. Paul Elder & Company, San Fran-
cisco, 1907; pp. 128, 20 illustrations. Price, $2.00 net.

The counterpart of “Four Seasons in
The Garden” by Eben E. Rexford is “The
Garden Book of California,” which deals
specifically with the conditions and methods
of beautifying the Pacific Coast. Each of
these volumes tells what are the simplest
means, according to the different localities,
by which the garden plot can be redeemed
from ugliness.

The Book of Vegetables. By Allen French.
The Macmillan Company, New York, 1907; pp. 304.
Price, $1.75 net.

This is the ideal book for the man who
wants to find concise, short cuts to the
essential principles in the raising of any
garden vegetable, and every kind of vegetable
that can be grown in American gardens is
briefly touched upon. The book is chiefly
valuable to the amateur in pointing out
the way to avoid the common errors into
which those of his class usually fall in garden-
ing. They expect to do too much in too
little space.

Farm Management.
day, Page & Company. New York, 1907;
illustrations. Price, $2.00 net.

As an answer to the problem “What
shall I do with a piece of land?” the contri-
bution by Professor F. W. Card is the most
important. Nothing has been more mis-
understood and seemingly unsystematized
than problems of farm management and
Professor Card’s book is along entirely
original lines. It very largely answers the
question as to what is the right course of
practice to turn a piece of land into a
and does it

By F. W. Card. Double-
Ppp. 266, 63

eral, ever can do.

The Book of Water Gardening. By Peter Bisset.

A.T. DeLaMare Publishing Company, New York, 1907;
Pp- 200, 100 half-tone and line drawings. Price, $2.50
net.

Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them. By
Henry S. Conard and Henri Hus. Doubleday, Page &
Company, New York, 1907; pp. 219, 31 illustrations.
Price, $1.10 net.

These two volumes are devoted to the

| joys of water gardening (principally the

growing of water-lilies), the former being
a sumptuous presentation of the subject
that must appeal strongly to many people,
for the opportunity, not to say need, of
embellishing ponds and streams is abundant.
Less pretentious is “Water-Lilies” (the
fifth of the Garden Library Series), which
is mainly valuable as a popular monograph
of the water-lilies and an analytical appraise-
ment of them and other plants for water
gardens.

Imported Cocoas
Are higher in Price

Than those of
American Manufacture

The fact that our Government
collects Heavy Duty on the
same ABSOLUTELY does not
improve the Quality, but only

INCREASES the Price.
levy Cocoa

is the Perfection of
American Manufacture,

CEST and ,in
» PURITY, QUALITY
and FLAVOR

stands without an
equal.

Quality Higher
than Price

Price within the
reach of all

“IT’S UP TO YOU

See Your Grocer

PRESERVE YOUR TREES, PLANTS and VINES
By spraying with
GOOD’S (“wikia } SOAP No. 3
Kills San Jose scale and all detructive insects and worms,

fertilizes tree, promotes growth and productiveness. Contains
no sulphur, or mineral oils. Write for booklet.

JAMES GOOD

Original Maker, 981 N. Front St., Philadelphia

A NEW STRAWBERRY

We have been growing and selling strawberry plants in this town
over thirty years. We introduced Brandywine, Kitty Rice, Sen.
Dunlap, Wm. Belt and others of value. Now we are bringing out the

HIGHLAND

which we expect to take the lead as a
MONEY MAKER
Let us tell you about it and forty others.
postal card.
M. CRAWFORD CO., Box 1011, Cuyahoga Falls, O.

The Illinois Self Watering Flower
Boxes

Need attention only once in every three weeks. Made of
best quality Galvanized Iron. Will last for many years.
For Windows, Porches and Hanging Baskets. For
Winter and Summer Use.

Our beautiful booklet sent free.
Illinois Heater Co., 3949 Wentworth Ave., Chicago

BARTON LAWN TRIMMER

Saves all the tedious trimming with sickle and
shears. The best trimmer known. Send for
booklet. E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa.

VICTOR

It will cost you but a

Finest floral novelty of the season.
A magnificent branching variety
bearing many beautiful flowers of
immense size and most attractive colors. It is a
special mixture from the great assortment which
we grow—selected so that it will produce a con-
stant succession of bloom throughout the entire
Really worth 25 cents per packet, but

season.
we desire to place our large, beautifully illus-
trated catalogue of seeds and plantsin the hands
of every flower lover and will
send it together with a packet of 50 E R E E
seeds of New Victor Aster FREE if you mention paper
in which you saw this ad. A postal request will do.

IOWA SEED CO., Des Moines, Iowa

The Readers’ Service will give
you information about motor boats. 99

Marcu, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Stokes

EED

Standards

If you grow vegetables or flowers, write
for my new 1908 catalogue—free. Explains
my new way of selling seeds, which makes
it easy for you to get the choicest varieties.
“Stokes’ Standards” are the best seeds in
the world. My catalogue also shows photo-
graphs of vegetables and flowers you can

raise and gives full directions for your suc-
cess. My

Second Early Sugar Corn

is only a week or ten days later than the earliest corn,
but has that delicious sweetness characteristic of later
varieties. Let me tell you about it.

View of General H. O. Corbin’s country residence, Chevy Chase, Md.
Supplied with water by Kewanee System. D. H. Burnham & Co., Archts.

Water for Your Country Home

It is now possible to have in your country home, all the conveniences
and every comfort of a city water supply. This means an abundance of
water delivered to all plumbing connections and hydrants under ample
pressure. It means plenty of water in the bathroom, kitchen, laundry,
lawn, garden, barn—anywhere. This service, together with first-class

Special offer—30c. worth for 10c.

You can have my catalogue free; or if you mention
Garden Magazine and seid me roc. in stamps, I
will send the catalogue with 10c. packet each of my
“ Bonny Best’”’ Early Tomatoes, “ Stokes’ Standard”
Sweet Peas and ‘‘ Stokes’ Standard’’ Nasturtiums,
the best that grow. Write to-day.

STOKES SEED STORE
Dept. A, 219 Market Street Philadelphia

fire protection, is assured if you install

The Kewanee System

Apollo Sweepe

What you need for ‘‘Spring Cleaning Up.’’
Saves you time, labor, money. Cleans large Lawns easily,
rapidly, thoroughly. Picks up dead grass, leaves, sticks,

of Water Supply

stones, all litter. Nothing escapes.

Sweepings thrown into receptacle like carpet sweeper.
Pushes easier than lawn mower. A boy does work of
three men with rakes. Does it better.

GUARANTEED SATISFACTORY

or money refunded. The APOLLO don't injure turf. Insures
finer, thicker growth. Keeps your lawn trim, neat, in perfect con-
dition. Pays for itself in a season. Also sweeps walks, drives,
stables. Write today for Illustrated Booklet.

THE GREENE MFG. CO.

54 Sycamore St. Springfield, Ohio

With the Kewanee System, there is no
elevated tank to mar the beauty of the
landscape, to freeze, leak, over-flow or
collapse. No dangerous and _ inefficient
attic tank is required. Use a Kewanee
Pneumatic Tank which may be placed in
the cellar or buried in the ground. The
water is pumped into this tank and is then
delivered by air pressure to all fixtures
and hydrants.

The Kewanee System is based on a thor-
oughly scientific principle. It involves the

highest quality of equipment, together
with many years practical experience and
the technical knowledge of hydraulic engi-
neers. We have solved over 8000 water
supply problems successfully. Let us show
you what we can do for you.

Here is what General Corbin says:

“The Kewanee System works bct-
ter than I thought possible. Iam
showing zt to lots of people and all
like it very much.”’

The Montrose Nurseries Are Offering

A complete line of choice Ornamental Stock at very reasonable
prices considering the quality.

Large trees and shrubs for immediate effect.

Landscape work a specialty

Illustrated Catalog free for the asking.

THE MONTROSE NURSERIES
MONTROSE Westchester Co., N. Y.

No charge is made for preliminary specifications and estimates. We protect you
with a guarantee of satisfactory results. Our complete 64-page illustrated catalog
explains everything and it is free. Ask forcatalog No. 16, and mention this publication.

Kewanee Water
Supply Company
Kewanee, Illinois.

No. 32 Broadway, New York City.
820 Marquette Bldg., Chicago.
404 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore, Md.

Apples 5c, Peach 5c, Plums 12c,
Cherries 17c. Best quality,
good bearers, grafted stock,

complete line of

Vegetable, Flower

and Farm Seeds. Our
large illustrated catalog free.

GERMAN NURSERIES,
BEATRICE, Neb.

The &lm City Nursery Company, New [aven, Connecticut

N E Wouyvorane
HYDRANGEA
GRANDIFLORA ALBA

The most valuatle addition to our
strictly hardy garden shrubs that has
appeared in years. Withstands zero
weather without injury. Immense
heads of purest white blooms in June
(see wlustration). After maturity turn-
ing to deep green like the foliage,—
. an attractive feature. Asa specimen,
The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground
drangea —from photo of taller shrubsitis a tremendous success.
PRICES well established, deliv-\ From 6 inch pots, $1.50 each,
CG after April r5thJ $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots, $1.00
each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, $.35
each, $3.25 per 10. Shipment by express advised.
The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.
Ow 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog will soon be ready. ow
can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spray order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

AMBRIDGE sreex rrows

Here’s just the plow the farmer has long looked for—a reversible plow for flat land or
hillside work Made of steel and malleable iron, and guaranteed for 5 years. Our
No. 29 Cambridge Steel Plows with Automatic Steel Jointer, Shifting Clevis and Wheel—Automatic
Coulter when desired—are positively the best in every way that skill has ever produced. Light
in weight and draft, they are easy on man and team, do splendid work under all conditions,
and tke more expert the plowman, the better he will appreciate our plows.
If we have no dealer in your town we want to
Bs. make you A Special Offer—uwrite for it to-
day and be sure to ask for our Complete Cat-
alog of “The Lovejoy Line” cf Farm Tools.
Don’t buy until you get the catalog—it’s free.
The Lovejoy Co., 717 Foundry St., Cambridge, N.Y.

= ae

The Readers’ Service gives
100 information about Real Estate

THE

Labor is Cheap

in the old countries, especially when the women and
children do it; this picture is taken on a Bavarian

farm.

Stop and figure for a moment what your water

supply would cost in America, if pumped in this way
by servants, and at the prevailing rate of wages; then
will be brought home to you the real economy of a

Hot-Air Pump

This is its greatest recommendation everywhe

It is the world’s great labor saver.

Be sure to get the genuine pumps bearing our nameplate.
Over 4 ,o00 are now in use, all over the world. Cata-
logue U sent free on application.

Rider-Ericsson
Engine Co.

35 Warren Street - - - New York
239 Franklin Street - - - Boston
40 Dearborn Street - -_-, Chicago
40 North 7th Street - Philadelphia
234 Craig Street, West Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street - - Sydney, N.S.W.
Amargura 96 - - - Havana, Cuba

———

MOWERS |

SF.

--

The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower

His mowers are more imitated than
any others.

We make more high-grade mowers
than any other firm and they are all
ball-bearing.

We make the best Lawn Mower in
the world.

We make the best Horse Lawn
Mower in the world.

We make the best Roller Mower in
the World.

We repair and sharpen all kinds of
Mowers.

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. Orange, N. J.

Ph,

HITCHINGS & COMPANY

In Greenhouse Building

Seed
‘Book

FOR 1908

contains 63 Specialties
in Vegetables, 69 in
Flowers, besides every-
thing else good, old or
new, worth growing.

You need it.

It is free to all send-
ing me their address
LZ on a postal,

Wm. Henry Maule {26 Hilbsrt Street

GARDEN MAGAZINE

A beautiful colored plate of our
New Eaton

RED RASPBERRY

and our strawberry catalog of valuable infor-
mation about varieties with instructions for
beginners. Free to all.

THE FLANSBURGH & POTTER CO.,
Leslie, Michigan.

the thing to remember is that
the erection of the house is the
smallest part. It is the deciding exactly
the kind of house you want, where to
locate it and the hundred and one other
items which delay definite decisions, that
take the time. So consider it with us
now, and the first sunny day in spring
Wwe Can start erecting the house. Write us

1170 Broadway, N. Y.

Marcu, 1908

Simplified Home Butter Making

N A cheese making district, where the
majority of farmers sell their milk to the
cheese factories, butter is often in great
demand at an exceptionally high price.
We live in such a locality, and not caring
to sell to the factories, we turn our milk into
butter which is sold to the neighbors, realiz-
ing a very nice income. In order that the
demand of all be satisfactorily supplied, we
pack it in stone jars holding from three to
ten pounds.

The milk must be produced under sani-
tary conditions. Churn, milk pails, and
other utensils used must be kept scrupulously
clean, boiling water being the only thing
to use for the purpose. If the milk is to
be creamed by the setting system, use stone
vessels for the purpose. Tin pans will
affect the flavor of the milk and cream;
for this reason, too, cream must not be kept
in tin Cooley cans. The cream is removed
from the milk by a hand separator, and is
placed in glazed stone jars until churned.

The proper degree of ripeness is determined
in creameries by chemical tests, but we have
learned from experience that the cream
has become properly ripe when it has a
mildly acid taste and pleasant odor, is free
from lumps and of a smooth, syrupy consis-
tency. A temperature of about 60° will give
satisfactory results.

During the spring, summer, and fall
months we churn every other day; in winter,
once or twice a week. We use an old-
fashioned barrel churn large enough to
hold a sufficient quantity of milk and at the
same time not be more than half full. The
butter granules will form quickest if the
churn is revolved fast enough to make the
mass fall from one end to the other; if turned
too slowly the cream will run down the
insides of the churn, and if turned too
rapidly the mass will not move enough to
form the butter granules.

Stop churning when the granules are the
size of wheat kernels or beans. Wash the
butter until the wash water is perfectly
clear and not of a milky appearance. ‘This
is sometimes done in the churn, but our
practice is to remove the butter from the
churn and wash it in a large wooden bowl,
working it by hand with a wooden ladle.

For salting, use the best quality of dairy
salt obtainable. The amount to use may
be governed by taste, but it is more reliable
to weigh the salt. Work it in so that it
will be thoroughly distributed through the
butter.

Wisconsin. F. A. STROHSCHEIN.

Cost of Butter Fat

XPERIMENTS have been conducted
to determine the cost of producing but-
ter fat, exact yearly records being kept of
the food given to the cow. ‘This was
charged at the prevailing market rates, the
fat being credited at the prices it was bring-
ing at the creameries. It cost approxi-
mately $30 a year to get best results, and
the fat produced during that time realized
about $70, leaving $40, plus the value of
the skim milk, for labor and profit.

: If you are pianning to build the Readers’
Marcu, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Service Cn Gien GRE helpful Suet: 101

Largest Za factory
Cream Separator—__ in the WORLD

money and brains can build—the result of a life-time of concentra-
tion and determination to produce the best separator in the world.

And what’s the result ?

HAT does that mean to you, Mr. Farmer, when you conclude
to buy a cream separator?

It means that when you buy a Tubular back of your purchase
stands the safest, surest, strongest guarantee you can possibly
get—something that stands as a positive evidence its product must be
the best—something that proves beyond question its product must be
superior to all others, or the largest factory in the world would
not have become necessary to fill the demand.

The illustration at the top of this page, the factory back of it,
and a record of more Satisfied purchasers than all others combined.

When you buy a Tubular you have the positive assurance that
you have a Separator that will get from 10 to 50 per cent more cream
from your milk than any other; that it will turn much easier; that
it is the simplest in construction; has fewest parts, consequently
easiest to clean and less liable to breakage; has low supply can; is
most durably built and is backed by the biggest and most experienced
builders in the business.

All the printed claims and guarantees of merit ever written can’t
compare to this concrete fact—this great monument of proof that
Tubulars are the most popular separators on the market today.

“Nothing succeeds like success,’’ and the reason it has been
possible to build up the largest separator factory in the world, is
simply because Tubulars are an actual, practical success. Because
they are the best in the world.

Then why take chances on your separator purchase? You
have everything to gain in buying a Tubular— nothing to risk. In
buying a separator here are the vital points to consider:

60,000 Tubulars were sold last year; and this year. so far,
promises a big increase. Every one sold makes more sales, for
their buyers can't help but tell their neighbors of their exceptional
superiority.

Which Separator gets the most cream?

Which Separator is easiest to turn?

Which Separator is easiest to clean?

Which Separator has the fewest parts?

Which Separator has no back-breaking supply can?

Which Separator is most durable and costs least’ for
repairs?

In short — get a Tubular and you'll never have cause to regret.
Next to your own experience, that of others who have Tubulars, is
as good a guide as you can get, especially when they tell by com-
parison with other makes why they prefer Tubulars. Send for our
1908 Catalog —it gives many letters on these points.

that the growth, success, repu-
tation and size of the business
that stands back of your pur-
chase is the best, SAFEST guar-

antee you can get?

It is the ABSOLUTE PROOF

that the article you buy is of
true merit and worth.

It is no longer a question whether it pays to buy a Cream
Separator. That has become a fact long ago, but it is a difficult
question with many as to which Separator to buy, for the reason
that so many cheap, impractical and unreliable machines have been
flooded upon the unsuspecting buyer. They have been advertised
in most glowing terms—offered on what seemed impossible-to-be-
deceived grounds, that many purchasers have been caught to their
sorrow later on.

For these and many other reasons we say that it means a great
deal to the buyer today what is back of the Separator you buy.

Just get a postcard and write for it today, It tells all sides of
this story of separator buying; gives comparative tests of the
Tubular and others, letters from dairy authorities, universities, and
shows the Gold Medal awards—the highest honors ever awarded
to a cream separator.

When an article has sufficient merit to succeed; to grow to be
the most extensively sold; requires the largest factory in the world
to supply the demand; wins in every fair competition, is it not
wiser, safer, cheaper in the end to put your money and trust
into that article, knowing what is back of it, than to take chances
on ore ning that has none of these buying safeguards to protect
you

But that is not all. In buying a Tubular you get the product
of the most skillful separator builders in the world; the most
practical machine genjus can devise; the highest type of perfection

The bigger the business the
safer your purchase and the
better the guarantee back of it.

If you have an unsatisfactory separator now, write to our Ex-
change Department and see how easy we make it for you to exchange
your old machine for the easy running, clean skimming Tubular.
You’ll find the Exchange the most profitable experience you eyer
had. Write for Free Catalog No. 215 today.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL. WEST CHESTER, PA. TORONTO, CANADA.

Don’t let low prices blind you.
The best is the cheapest—that’s
a TUBULAR.

7 a4

Are y ing to refurnish a room?
102 Wrile to Tietedaers eae jor hints 4h HE G AR D E N M A G A Z I N E

Marcu, 1908

VICTOR
Vaudeville

How would you like to hear May Irwin,
the queen of fun-makers; Vesta Victoria and
Alice Lloyd, the famous English come-
diennes; that celebrated tenor, Richard Jose;
clever Clarice Vance, with her irresistibly
humorous song-hits; Harry Lauder, the
great Scotch comedian; popular Eddie
Morton, in your own home 2?

You can hear them all on the Victor just the
same as if you were at the theatre—these famous
vaudeville artists who are delighting thousands

of people every night in the theatres all over
the United States and who make records exclu-
sively for the Victor.

~ You can do what you can’t do at the theatres; you can pick
out your own performers and arrange your own program to suit
yourself.

Then there’s Billy Murray, Harry Macdonough, Arthur Coi-
lins, AdaJones, Harry Tally and other favorites to sing for you.

You can also have a complete minstrel show with a Victor. Or you can have

music by famous bands; dance music; classic symphonies; sacred songs ; and grand-

opera by the world’s greatest stars. All these things are absolutely true to life,
and are heard at their best on the Victor alone.

SS Meus ntat
His Master's Voices

4
% . 5 :
We Any Victor dealer will gladly play Victor Records for you. Call and
3 2% ask to hear them, and get him to tell you about the easy-payment plan.
SOREN 3 ‘ :
4 eNO Write us for catalogues—just fill out the
ee ia coupon and mail it to us.
Pi Ss 4a, “By : C °
a, Gua Victor Talking Machine Co.
tb N. om Mp 7?
Ss SED Camden, N. J.
a, “Oe Oe
Lee te %G, m Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal
aK
Se es %%, B® Canadian Distributors
POS NEN RE
ON ON eee

. 66 29
THE “PILOT” GASLIGHT MAKER | The Farmers’ Easy Record
For Country Homes, Hotels, Stores. Makes brilliant Wzte, Rve-
saving Gaslight, which costs a ¢izrd /ess than Kerosene Light. Teil
us how many rooms or size of your Store to Light and we will Will last 8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents
quote you interesting price. Address any . Wanted. Send for free specimen pages and Special,Offer.
“The Pilot Generator,’’ 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago | CENTURY SUPPLY CO., Dept. 579, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on
thefarm. Designed by an expert. Thousands in use. Easy to keep.

' Growing Tomatoes for Quality,
Quantity and Earliness

is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. It
contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising
tomatoes. By this method vou can have bigger and better fruit and weeks earlier
than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture; forcing the
fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every
=* gardener, whether he grows one dozen or one thousand vines. The subjects cover-
* edare: History of the Tomato; ItsNature and Habit; Tomato Culture in General;
The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home-Grown Plants; Preparing the
Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking
the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 40 Tomato Recipes; Best Tomato Seeds.
The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants.

The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my garden this
season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from top to
bottom. This is the result of my method. It is easy to raise this kind of fruit
when you know how. Just send for my book—price 50c., postage or money
order. Your money back if not satisfactory.

FREE SEED.—To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 days i
willsend FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties of early and
late tomatoes. I make this offerso that you will get ready now for your spring
gardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rush is on. Send for my book-

@ let to-day and I know you will be thankful that you made such a wise investment,

| DEPT. C T. F. POTTER, Tomato Specialist, DOWNERS GROVE, Hil.

A Garden Scrap Book

AD AN amateur gardener has usually
other things than his garden claiming
his first attention, he may find serious dif-
ficulty in remembering the results of his ex-
periments and so fail to profit by experience.
I have found a carefully indexed scrap book
and record of gardening to be a great help.

One division of the book contains accu-
rate copies of orders, with dates, prices, and
names of nurserymen. ‘This, with informa-
tion of the later condition of purchased
plants given in another part of the book,
shows in some degree which dealers are
most reliable. Near the front of the book
are pasted magazine articles giving instruc-
tion on soils, plant enemies, and agricultural
formule. A third division contains the
dates of bloom for all flowers in the garden;
making an interesting study over several
years, and helping greatly in planning new
beds.

Finally, the largest part contains expe-
rience—the index points to many a record
of failure, followed by success as lessons
are learned. A page given to a special
favorite plant—and none but well-beloved
flowers are permitted in this garden—is
usually decorated with a picture of that
flower cut from one of the many attractive
garden catalogues now sent out by nursery-
men. ‘Then follows a brief statement similar
to the one given in the catalogues; the partic-
ular bed in which it is placed; whether
singly or in groups; all treatment in fertilizing;
last and very important, the results, with
the probable causes of failure or success.
Sometimes the record shows a continual
journeying of a group of plants as one loca-
tion after another is tried until a satisfactory
spot is found. Another page shows that
1,500 to 2,000 seedlings have been trans-
planted from half an ounce of Drummond
phlox seed under certain conditions, which
guides next year’s order. Careful diagrams
have been made of daffodil and rose beds
where many varieties of one plant are placed,
as well as plans for borders with dates of
bloom, color, and height of plants.

Such a book, to be valuable, must be ac-
curately and faithfully kept year after year.

Penn. Mary R. G. WILLIAMs.

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

103

ROSES

That Bloom from

June until November

My catalogue describes a list of the best ever-

blooming summer garden roses in the hardi-
est varieties and widest range of colors. These
are the hybrid tea roses which are becoming
more popular each year. Their free-blooming
qualities strongly recommend them to all who
grow roses in their gardens.

The glorified Killarney rose "Betty"; and all the

leading new and old varieties; also the best
varieties in hybrid perpetuals, rugosas, and Pen-
zance sweetbriars. A\ll in strong field-grown dor-
mant plants of first quality stock.

The new English yellow rambler rose "Gold-
finch," the deepest colored in its class; also
the American race of ramblers including that
grand rose,"Hiawatha" and its companion,"Delight."

Double hollyhocks in sixteen assorted colors,
herbaceous phlox, and pzonies in best varieties.

My catalogue which tells one how to grow roses mailed
on application

M. H. WALSH,

Rose Specialist
WOODS HOLE, Mass.

OmRCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

It will pay you to spray your Fruit Trees
\ en Vines for protection from scale and all
imsect pests and fungous diseases. FREE
Instruction Book shows the famous EMPIRE
KING, ORCHARD MONARCH and other sprayers
also gives a lot of formulas and other valuable information.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No. 48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y.

Beautify Your Grounds For $1.00

AA OPPORTUNITY for early buyers. Special collection of
choicest lawn shrubs and plants, express size, including some
of the very finest garden sorts in cultivation, $1.00, "$3. 00, §5.co and
10.00 per set. These are real bargains that will surprise you.

Write us about them.

HARRISON & SCHREIBER, Landscape Engineers
416 Harrison Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

THIS INTERESTING
CATALOG

is useful as well as prac-
tical. It contains nothing
but truthful facts about Seeds,
the most important factor to
the grower.

i Plant Western Seeds.

They are selected with the
utmost care to suit the re-
quirements of the particular
planter. Fresh, clean and
Juli of life. Put life into your
fields and get satisfactory
yields.
Good Seeds Produce
Good Crops, and what is
more important to the indi- §
vidual, as well as the country,
§ than good crops? Good crops
means satisfied customers.
We want you to be one of
ours, and want you to get the
benefits of our liberal Pre-
# mium Offers of valuable new
varieties of vegetables which
we distribute gratis.

we 8
<I 2
| 11903
| = ie PLANTERS QnFDES
>TEFPING STONES to ou SU!

Send for this beautiful catalog to-day.
Become acquainted with

THE BARTELDES SEED CO.

It is free!

LAWRENCE, KANS.

BOX 19,

Home Jobs

There are a thousand little things to be done about
the house and farm that you are called upon to do yourself if they
are done at all.

To do them rightly and easily you require good tools—better tools, indeed, than the carpenter,
because he has the means of sharpening, setting, and adjusting, which you have not.

For the home, the shop, or the farm there are no tools equal in any respect to

KEEN KUTTER

Tools and Cutlery

The Keen Kutter trademark on the tools guarantees your money back if the

tool is not exactly right.

Keen Kutter Tools include Carpenter’s Tools, and a full line of Farm and Garden Tools—Forks,
Hoes, Trowels, Scythes, Manure-hooks, Lawn-mowers, Grass-shears, Rakes, etc. Also Scissors and
Shears, Pocket-kniv es and Table Cutl ery.

Keen Kutter Tools have been sold for nearly 4o years under this mark and motto:

“The Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten.’’—E. C. Simmons.
Trademark Registered

St. Louis and New York, U. S. A.

‘ IM
ec SIMMONS

KEEN
KUT. TER

If not at your dealer’s, write us.

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY (lInc.),

STRONG PLANTS— BEST VARIETIES

SEND FOR LIST AND PRICES

Acres of Them. Largest
Variety in New England

Large Stock
All Sizes

MASS.

ROSE

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
AZALEAS Sexiness’ PYRAMIDAL BOX

and Natives
BAY STATE NURSERIES, NORTH ABINGTON,

WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

that bring the biggest prices are those which combine
fine flavor with good size and shipping quality.
The best results are obtained by using an abundant supply of a
complete fertilizer containing 4 per cent. nitrogen, 9 per cent.
available phosphoric acid, and at least 10 per cent. of actual

POTASH

This formula will be found productive of wonderful results with all kinds of berries.

It is com-
plete and trustworthy and contains suggestions which will mean money to the man who follows them

Detailed information is given in our free book—a valuable treatise on scientific fertilizing.

Address

out.

GERMAN KALI

Atlanta Ga.—1224 Candler Building

WORKS

New York—93 Nassau Street Chicago—Monadnock Building

ou wis live stock, 5
104 T} yom, udsly to” purciease slide sled even) | (Ge AVIRY DARN Ae Ca AGZAlaIN AE) NiMwen, TOOS

Horsford’s
Hardy Plants

for Cold Climates

Go North to buy hardy plants. A little
Br fio Aes ie ea cere ned On extra expressage 1s soon balanced in better
Oe eRe LOR ARe and hardier stock. Save time and disap-
RUTLAND. PLUMCOT
GAVIOTO
FORMOSA
VESUVIVUS, the Beautiful Foliage Plum

Beautiful illustrated booklet

pointment by planting things that don’t
kill back the first hard winter. New cata-
logue offering shrubs, trees, vines, old-
fashioned flowers, hardy ferns and orchids,
lilies and Trilliums or wood lilies for
shady corners and by places where they

Trees of all Sorts PINE NEEDLES KILL GRASS grow alone when well set. A list of

A. A. J., N. Carolina.—Do not allow pine needles to remain annual and perennial seeds, all suited to
cool climates. Ask for catalogue.

° on growing grass; they pack so tightly that they kill out any-
Four Nurseries, 1200 Acres thing that is underneath them. Rake off the needles each F. H. HORSFORD
Largest on the Coast spring if not oftener. Charlotte, Vermont

: SM SATAN E IE : . NAMES OF BEGONIAS
Superbly illustrated and containing valuable information

about planting and improved methods of handling trees. S. McK., Mass. — Had you signed the letter with your

Write to-day for a copy. Sent free. name and address you would have received an immediate RARE OLD ETCH INGS

PAID-UP CAPITAL $200,000.00 jisy Ih t il. The names of the plants sub-
Meplyy loyy meitgur seney Sees P The Graf Bruehl collection of over 20,000 Etchings,

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES mitted are: (1) Begonia corallina; (2) B. fuchsioides; (3) Engravings and Mezzo-tints from the! G@emenmimenneen

E | B. Thurstons; B. Teuschert; B. argenteo-guttata; : =
Geo. € ee yas & Mer | (6) A ee eS. g 3 ” | French, Flemish and English Masters has been pur-
5 a ee ae ae chased from the present heirs and brought to this coun-
P. O. Box 39, FRESNO, CALIFORNIA WHAT ARE CLIMBING ROSES? try. This is one of the most remarkable collections in
existence, and represents the accumulation of over 150
ane ie ; : years. [hey are in all sizes and shapes but all mounted.
roses have climping varieties which do not differ from the Among them are about 100 etchings by Rembrandt,
ordinary type in any other way. The Mar¢chal Niel is nor- Durem | Chadowickin VisechentGolc incense heen
& b a ) ) oy ?
mally somewhat ae oar ee than fas tea Ha LeBas, at $1.00 to $50 each, which represents only a
and it is quite vossible that your plants are not really a climb- | 4 -tion of their real value. Others as low as 25c.
HS 19 Upon request we will send

WHEN CHESTNUTS FRUIT ON APPROVAL

J. K. H., Neb.— Chestnut trees can hardly be expected charges prepaid, an assortment of 12 etchings, with
to bear profitable crops before they have attained the age of | prices on each. Keep what you like and return the
fifteen years. Possibly their first fruits will be carried at the others. More specific information on request. Write
age of twelve years. The pistillate flowers are borne near today.
the base of a well developed staminate catkin. The chestnut | M. V. GARNSEY, Dept. G. LaGrange, Il.
tree is very interesting because its staminate flowers are of two
types, one produced early in the season, the second series
appearing later. The early ones are much the more showy
of the two, and the tree begins to produce early catkins some
two or three years before it develops catkins with pistillate
clusters at their bases.

in colors sent free

= E. J., Mass. — The Maréchal Niel and a great many other

We catalogue this season several choice new vegetables
of sterling merit.

EARLY MORN PEA, the earliest, largest podded pea
known. One farmer harvested eiglty bushels from cne
planted and received from $3 to $3.50 per bushel. Quality
of the best.

CREGORY’S EARLY EXOELSIOR, the best second
early low-growing pea without any exception. A great
favorite with the leading gardeners.

“BIG CROP,” our new white potato, out-yields all the
well-known varieties, is less affected by rot, 1s deliciously
mealy. Letustell youallaboutit. Catalogue free.

J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass.

If you want Strawberry Plants

LONG PROPAGATING HARDY CARNATIONS tial < Gusecat eata es aemes Heo
ISLAND AS I ARAGUS C. L. S., Ilowa. — Layering in summer is the easiest way We Ricawberry claatesy iP Sa ae
i i q to propagate carnations. Cuttings of side shoots will ing that kind at reasonable

pis asbaraeus for which Ane Island is INS a the French _ eats i‘ is = b d le prices. Millions of them packed
genteuil strain modified by local influences of soil and climate. strike in heat, but they can hardly be expected to make WOWY «to carry anywhere. Also other

3-year-old roots of this well tried, superior variety $1.00 per 100; : 3 h small fruit plants and special
40 for 50c. Directions for cultivation by the Long Island Method ROSES outdoors. sat layering, stuipyoftithe Heavies froma Ni) seeds. My Free Catalogue tells
sent with each order. Send to-day for our 1908 catalog which con- | few joints, making an incision on the outer side of the stem about them and gives the price.

j If interested, write for it today.

tains our $45 FREE Prize Offers. and half way through it, and then continue the split at iS! cAidaress
BINGHAMTON SEED CO. right angles upward for about a couple of inches. The W. F. ALLEN
100 Court Street Binghamton, N. Y. | stem is then bent down and the free, cut portion is inserted Salisbury, Md. %
- : into fine and well prepared soil. The cut portion is covered s RTE Y Zz
ENGLISH DAISIES with soil, the growing tip being left free. The whole thing SX

is then fastened down, usually with hairpins. After the
layer has rooted it can be separated from the parent plant.

For immediate effect in flower beds, window
boxes, etc., at wholesale prices

Our Improved Chrysanthemum Aster
50c. per dozen PROPAGATING BAY TREES unsurpassed, NP bloom stems 36 in. y length, marketed this past oe

— t $ doz. wholesale; of which full detailed information is given m our
THE ANDERSON FLORAL CoO. A. H. H., N. J.—In order to propagate the bay tree | at $1 per doz. w of whi

- . : : illustrated folder published for free distribution.
a greenhouse is anessential. Take cuttings of well ripened THE SCIENTIFIC INTENSE CULTURE RANCH, Elmhurst, Hl.

533) Marshall’ Ave. ANDERSON, S. C. wood in September or October; they must be three to four -
inches long. If you have only a few, cover them with a
bell glass; but if the work is done on a large scale, it will be

: better to fit the cutting branch with a sash that can be raised
Itrat e O O a or lowered as necessary. This is done to maintain a humid

atmosphere about the top, thus reducing evaporation from a e Can sow more grain witha
NITRATE SOLD IN the leaves. A little bottom heat will be an advantage in z Cahoon hand broadcast seed sower
“oe Me than six men can sow by hand. Five acres

ORIGINAL BAGS rooting bay tree cuttings but is not absolutely mecessary. Saaen for the Cah
As soon as the cuttings have struck and made roots an inch of , La Rone deta meveeey eusalys wee

or so long, pot them off using 2-inch pots and a rich loam. , Wi’: @ae great saving of time.

The Nitrate yAN encies They may then be placed on a greenhouse bench, but a - , is
8 wetter naa is to slaves them in hotbed where the Pas Ee - The Cahoon Hand Seed Sower

Co pany Ae Be oe seasonally Gael and the rootsgivenbottom heat. Bisa practical machine for any size farm. It increases the
is will give nice, tidy little plants which can be planted farmer’s profit vo EDS in patie Crop
i i i ised, and time and seed saved. Write for
64 Stone Street, New York out in the open the following spring. Grow outdoors ae Dope Sonne too Recultemancueont
during the summer but store over winter in a light frost- anniversary souvenir.
Orders for All Quentities Promptly Filled proof cellar. It will take five or six years to get plants of Goodell Co.,. 93Main St., Antrim, N.H.
Write for Quotations any size. All the trees offerea by the trade are imported a :

from Europe.

Marcu, 1908 TID, GARI IB IN| RUNG AATON TD Yay eee 105

If turn easily—loads
seem lighter and
teams work with less
effort when axles are
coated with

_| MICA’4

ou

a
©
i —a )
5
Sp

Best lubricant for the purpose
ever used. Powdered Mica
in the grease forms a glass-
like coating on ale which
practically _estroys fnc-

tion. Askt.. dealer and

don’t be without Mica
Axle Grease for: day.

STANDARD OIL

COMPANY
(Incorpornted)

rata

"RIDER AGENTS WANTED

ineach town to ride and exhibit sample Bicycle.
Write for special offer. We Ship on approval
without a cent deposit, alloy 10 DAYS FREE
TRIAL and Zrepay freighi on every bicycle.
Y 2 t PRICES on bicycles, tires and
il eundrics: Ee nel you receive our eaeiees and learn
our pee of prices and marvelous special offer.

MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. G-208. Chicago, III.

The Best Fertilizer for the Garden and Lawn

Blatchford’s Plant Grower
and Land Renovator

Composed only of the best qualities of Rose
Growers Bone Meal, Pure Nitrate of Soda, The
Best Peruvian Guano, Pure Sulphate of Ammonia,
Pure Sulphate of Potash and the Best Gypsum.

Chemically combined in the proper proportions
forthe best results. Soluble, and feeds all parts
of the Plant. Renovates worn out and poor soils.

The result of 25 years of experimenting on Gar-
dens and Lawns. Send for folder that tells why

and how. Free.

BLATCHFORD’S AGRICULTURAL WORKS,
Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, Ill,

Established at Leicester, England m 1800.

This Planting Table Shows

how you can get six weeks
to two months start with
your garden, by using

Cold Frames or Hot Beds Now

Not only for growing lettuce, radishes and such sort of things, but
asparagus, rhubarb, tomatoes, cucumbers and even melons (think of
having ripe tomatoes in June). Among your flowers have cosmos
in bloom by August; salvia a regular burning bush on Fourth of July,
and so on.

A surprising number of things can be done, and easily, too, with
these cold frames and hot beds of ours. This ‘Two P’s’’ booklet
tells how. It is, in fact, a delightful garden chat by one who knows.
It is a practical guide to the beginner, besides having a goodly
number of interesting suggestions for those who already have frames.

The planting-time table is one of the best things inthe book. But
there is no time to lose, send for the book (it is free) order your
frames at Once so you can get started.

LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY, 072231, Designers

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
1133 Broadway 819 Tremont Building 1215 Filbert Street

- of plants. That’s aa margin. Besucel the “W. H. Taft” is an easy, euie seller,
G ROW N No strawberry finds a readier market because it’s attractive; a red, round berry; deli-
cious odor, juicy, rich-flavored. It is a strong, prolific grower, producing berries firm and

fe T i F RO MM solid, making good shippers. Limited stock. 25 plants, 50c.; 60 plants, $1.00, sent

$ i WORTH postpaid. Catalog of Seeds, Small Fruits, Roses, ete., sent free.
BINGHAMTON SEED CO., Box 100, Binghamton, N. Y.

March is the Month for
Sowing Seeds in Hot Beds.

Our catalogue will assist you in selection.
It is mailed free.

H. E. FISKE SEED CO.

12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

106

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908.

Brock Fidgeway

ra tare)

THE ALICE ANTHONY SHAWLS

are without a peer in point of kind, quality, workmanship, beauty, comfort, durability and design.
Suitable for every woman, every occasion, and every clime. In designing these knit shawls with lace effects
and fine features, coupled with various kinds of yarn, rapid work and perfect tension lies our ability to
present an old and slow and homely art in an original, commercial and artistic way. Done during Feb.,
March and April in white by hand to order only. Orders booked for Sept., Oct., Nov. and Dec., 1908.
Samples of yarn upon request with stamps.

Done in *Shetland Wool $14.00 2 fold Saxony $13.00 Germantown $10.00 *4 fold Knitting $6.50
Shetland Floss 10.00 *Cashmere - 12.00 *Spanish - 10.00 tLingee Spanish 14.00
Pompadour - 15.00 *Corallen - - 15.00 Scotch Knitting 10.00 {Lingee Cashmere 15.00

*Yarn not used in Adell design. + Yarn not used in Fan design.
Sizes cannot be judged by photo but all are good dimensions. Send stamps for samples of yarns.

MISS A. E. ANTHONY, Route 5, Sterling, II.

HALLOCK’S SUCCESS JR. DIGGER

Price While we have always manufactured the Hallock Potato Digger,
we have recently taken over the selling end of the business, and we

$12 offer the Success Jr. Digger at the low price of only $12. It
combines simplicity in construction with durability and lightness

of draft, and is just what the farmer, who grows potatoes on a small
scale, needs. It is made of steel, except the handles and beam, and
weighs but 75 pounds. The OK Elevator Digger is made for large
crops. Both guaranteed in every respect. Write for particulars. 40-

page catalogue of Grain Drills, Corn Planters, etc., on request.
A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., Box, 822, York, Pa.

You want the only roofing whose makers are not
afraid to tell what it’s made of—

Genasco
Ready Rooting

Made of genuine Trinidad Lake asphalt. It doesn’t
It lasts loayver than

crack, break, run, nor catch fire.
any other roofing. And we tell you why.

Smooth or mineral surface. Several weights.
Genasco. Write for Book 60 and samples.

Ask your nearest live dealer. Insist on

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world

PHILADELPHIA

San Francisco

New York Chicago

WHAT PIGEONS TO RAISE

A. B., Texas.—There is no best breed of fancy pigeons.
The one that suits your personal taste is the best one for you.
The Homer is the best breed for raising squabs for broilers.
A nice pen of white Homers combines both beauty and
utility. This is also true of any of the colored Homers.

PROPAGATINC ACER SPICATUM

E. M.., Illinois.—I have never heard of propagating Acer
sSpicatum any other way than by seed, although I have no
doubt it could be layered and perhaps it could be made to
grow from cuttings, or even by grafting. Almost any tree
or shrub can be grown in these last three ways, and yet ina
particular instance it might not be a profitable or reasonable
thing to do. H. K.

RATION FOR DAIRY COWS

E. L. J., Va.—One of the largest dairy farms in America
has used the following ration for many years for feeding
Jersey cattle: 100 Ibs. bran, 50 Ibs. corn meat, 100 Ibs.
ground oats, 25 Ibs. oil meal thoroughly mixed; 4 lbs. twice
a day is the ration for one cow at all seasons of
the year. It is, of course, understood that the stock shall
have free pasturage and access to rock salt in addition to the
above.

HOW TO KILL POISON IVY

C. H. W., Mass.—Concentrated sulphuric acid will kill
poison ivy. Dose each plant with a half teaspoonful
to each stem, making the applications in the spring during
the growing season every three weeks. If a large area is
covered by the plants spraying with arsenate of soda (1 lb. to
20 gallons of water) will kill all vegetation. One applica-
tion if the plants are young and tender will do this. In the
middle of summer, however, they should be cut down first
and more than one application given.

WHAT IS A PLANK BARN?

J. B., Pa.—A plank barn means a kind of barn construc-
tion where no timber thicker than 2 x 8 inchesis used. For
purposes of strength this is doubled or trebled. Experience
has shown that these barns are only about half as costly
as the old style barns with their extremely heavy frames. In
this form of construction there are no upper cross ties,
collar beams, etc. The building is braced on an entirely
different principle, somewhat like the bracing on a bridge
or other elevated structure. A very excellent description
of these barns can be found in “Barn Plans and Out-
buildings.”

WHEN TO PRUNE SHRUBS

J. L. H., Penn.—The best time to prune such shrubs
as spirea, mock orange, lilac, etc., is in the summer
immediately after flowering, but successful pruning may
be done in the winter time or in early spring before flowering
has commenced; but great care must be used not to remove
too many flower buds. If pruning must be done confine
it to removing the dead wood and any branches which are
interfermg with one another. Thinning out the young
shoots of deutzia during the winter can hardly be recom-
mended. It will be much better to delay this work until
after the flowering season is over.

WINTERING PANSY PLANTS

F..P. N., Mass.—Pansy plants will live all winter when
the seeds are sown in August, and the object is to carry
them over the winter to flower early the next season.
Plants that have already been through a winter cannot be
expected to endure a second winter under ordinary condi-
tions, and if it is desired to carry a stock over for a second
year, the most reasonable plan would be to take cuttings in
the late summer and carry them over winter in a coldframe.
In very cold climates it might be necessary to protect the
plants, whether cuttings or seedlings, by a light mulch of
salt hay, straw, or leaves.

FEEDING ROSES

A. P. H., New Jersey.—The best way to feed old estab-
lished rose plants is by trenching the ground just outside
of the old trench lines. The plants will not show the
results as quickly as when surface dressings of manure are
given or the ground watered with manure water, but the
effect is much more lasting. If it is not practical to trench
feeding may be accomplished by giving the beds a 4- or
5-inch dressing of well decayed manure and spading it
under. Then after the leaf buds open and just before a rain
give a dressing of bone meal. About the middle of May
commence watering the bed with liquid manure, giving it
once a week. There is only one drawback to this method,
it brings the roots of the roses to the surface.

Marcu, 1908 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Out of Sight After the Wash

Fold it up, put it away. No

Disfiguring clothes posts to mar
thelawn. Holds 150 ft. of line.
The sensible clothes dryer for
particular people—at prices
within reach of all. Write for
Catalog 39. Do it now.

HILL DRYER CO.

359 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass.
Also Balcony Dryers.

Specialties for Spring Planting —1908
Norway Maples, 2-24 inches and 23~—3 inches in dia.
Japan Maples, assorted varieties, 1-3 feet. —
Carolina Poplars, 1o—12 feet, 14-2 inches, extra fine.
Cal. Privet, 18—24 inches, 2-3 feet and 3-5 feet, XX 3
and 4 years old.
Dwarf Box, 3-6 inches.
Rhododendron Hybrids, choice varieties, 1—3 feet.
Rhododendron maximum and Kalmia Latifolia, fine plants, |
1-6 feet, in carload lots.
Blue Spruce Kosteri, 1—5 feet.
Climbing and Hybrid Roses, choice varieties.
For a general list of trees and plants write for our
catalogue.
Pp. A. KEENE, VICE PREs.

THE MORRIS NURSERY CO.
1 Madison Ave., New York

i

The SIX FINEST NOVELTIES for 1908

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

The special advantage of our choice is that every one of these exquisite flowers is hardy, thriving anywhere, easy to raise

from seed, and produces a wealth of bloom in a short time.

out.

1. Eschscholtzia ‘‘Dainty Queen,’’ pale coral rose deepen-
ing at the edges, base palecream. In bloom itis aspot of en-
chanting beauty, Very floriferous.

2. Lobelia Hamburgia, bright sky blue, with white eye.
Phenomenally rapid growth, forming shoots 12 inches long in
incredibly short time. Fine for pots or hanging baskets.

3. Godetia Crimson Glow, compact bush literally covered
with dazzling, fiery blossoms.
Our SPECIAL MARCH Offer—Each packet, 15 cts.

Vegetable Seeds H. H. BERGER & CO.,

3 packets, your choice, 40 cts.
Send for Our 80th Annual Spring Catalogue.

70 Warren Street,

Plant the seed at once in pots or boxes in the house if you wish young plants ready as soon as ground is right for planting
Or you can sow in open ground as soon as weather permits.

4. Crysanthemum ‘‘Northern Star,’’ immense bloom of
glistening white passing to pale yellow towards the showy
black disk. Masses of flowers. Unsurpassed for cutting.

5. Aquilegia ‘‘Rose Queen,’’ the most beautiful Colum-
bine known, velvety rose, with white center and golden an-
thers. A marvel of color scheme. j

6. Aster Triumph of Paris. In this Aster we possess the
most showy and unique color combination of the long pure
white outer petals surrounding a golden yellow disk of
quilled florets. Who would miss this from the garden?

6 packets, one of each Novelty, 75 cts.
It is Free.

New York. Flower Seeds

Ey

Genuine Bavarian Horse-Radish

Shipped by export house.

George Roesch Baiersdorf (Bavaria)

HURST SPRAYER
2S eae

Hurst Potato and Orchard Sprayer.

NO MONEY IN ADVANCE

Pay Us After It Has Paid For Itself. Doubles your

crop. Sprayseverything. Pushes easy, gives high pres-
sure from 26-in. wheel. Sprays 4 rows potatoes or truck at a
time.—Also first class tree sprayer. Strong and Durable.
Guaranteed 5 years. Wholesale price (where no
agent). Needn’tsend a cent in advance.

FITZ-ALL BARREL SPRAYER, for orchards. It’s
Strong reliable and efficient.

HORSE-POW ER SPRAYER, for orchards, Potatoes,
Vineyards, etc. For the big growers. Most complete machine
made, These sprayers and others sold on same liberal plan, not

P acent in advance. Cut out machine q
you prefer and mail with address and
et Spraying Guide Catalog and specia
ree Sprayer offer for first in eachg
(\ locality. Be first and save money.

H. L. Hurst Mfg. Co.,
98 North Street, Canton Ohio.

THEN WHY NEGLECT

HAS MADE SPRAYING EASY. your Trees?

The N. Y. Herald, November 17, ’07, says: ‘‘The chances are about a hundred to one that you have
the San Jose Scale on your place and do not know it,” and advises the use of “SCALECIDE.” This is

good advice. ““SCALECIDE”’ has been tested and tried and found thoroughly effective. The same

yesterday, to-day and allthe time. One gallon makes 15 to 20 ready to use by simply adding water.
Prices: 1gal., $1.00; 5 gal., $3.25;10 gal., $6.00: 50 gal. bbl., $25.00, F. O. B. our factory. Order
to-day. Write for booklet I, and free sample.

B. G. PRATT COMPANY, Mfg. Chemists, 11 Broadway, N. Y: City.

SUBURBAN

GARDENERS

Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for
the easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden
Think of one pair of easy-going handles performing every opera-
tion from the opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature’s
reward and you have a slight idea of Iron Age methods. ;

Whether you planta hill, a row or an acre, whether you do it
yourself or employ others, you must know about these Iron
Age labor saving, yield-increasing implements if you want
to get the full return for your labor or investment. The
Iron Age Book will be forwarded upon request to readers of
Garden Magazine-Farming. Read it and be a better gardener.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J.

If you wish to purchase live stock,
write to the Readers’ Service

108 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1908

WHAT SOILS NEED LIME?

L. B. C., Penn.—Well-manured land is less likely to be ©
acid than unmanured, but heavy limestone soils are very apt
to be sour because the lime from the rock from which they
are formed is leached away, leaving iron oxides and acid-
forming compounds in the soil. Their close texture also
favors the formation and retention of acid. The simplest
way to determine whether a lime application would be bene-
ficial or not, is to test it with blue litmus paper as described
on page 78 of the September, 1907, number of Tue GARDEN
Macazine-Farminc. A slow but accurate way is to try
lime on a small plot and note its effect on the crops.

METAL GARDEN
ORNAMENTS

Lawn and Park Fountains
Drinking Fountains
Railings and Entrance Gates
Gas and Electric Light Posts and Lamps
Stable and Cattle House Fittings

KEEP THE BIRDS CLEAN

C. E. S., Mass.—Lard rubbed on the skin of the breast,
vent and head is the common remedy for lice in small) chicks.
A good treatment for full grown stock is a dip made of two
and one-half ounces of Creolin diluted in one gallon of water
(hot). Let it cool before using. Hold each bird under
water for one minute, allowing only its head to remain
above. Give the head several duckings before removing.
The roosts and nest boxes should be washed with the
same solution with an extra ounce of Creolin and carbolic
acid added. If you have a spray pump, fill the cracks
with the same solution. Good hot whitewash, to which
some carbolic acid has been added, will also kill the lice.

Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze
Statuary, Settees and Chairs
Tree Guards

We issue separate Catalogue of each of the
above which will be sent upon request.

The J. L. Mott Iron Works

Ornamental Deft.
118-120 Fifth Avenue

A FORAGE CROP FOR SANDY SOILS

H. I., New York.—Where the common forage crops
succeed, serradella (Ornithopus sativus) has no chance, but
on light, sandy soils, it is excellent as green manure and
makes fair hay. In Massachusetts, two toms per acre have
been grown; sometimes two crops are cut in a single season.
If the soil will not grow any other crop, try serradella or
sand vetch (Vicia villosa). The former, when seeded alone,
should be drilled in rows three or six inches apart, in March
or April, at the rate of forty or fifty pounds per acre. The
latter may be drilled in at the rate of one bushel per acre in
the spring or fall. Sometimes serradella is sown with winter

Imported F lower Seeds rye. It has been found of great value on the poor sand soils

of Michigan. The seed is still quite expensive.

New York

The reason Englishmen have better peas than A mericans—they
dont grumble about paying 75¢ per package.—Garden Magazine,
Feb.

New England Gardens

Beautiful in Design—Abundant in Bloom
We furnish complete gardens of every description
Rose Gardens Perennial Gardens
Formal Gardens Old-Fashioned Gardens
Gardens that bloom from April to November

Prize-winning strains of the great English and Con-
tinental Exhibitions. Not cheap, but immeasurably
superior; put up in extra large and exceptionally
attractive packets. Try them this summer—note
difference—then report results.

VARIETIES OF OATS TO GROW

A. S. G., Va.—More than 150 varieties of oats were being
grown in the United States. ‘There are possibly 500 varie-
ties extant practically all belonging to the one species—

ENGLISH Avena sativa. There are two clacses—those in which the
os Se ” Hollyhocks—crimson, red, white or panicle branches from either side of the stem, of which
exon *" One packet RENGaaTN TOBE GOLcce nA 25 cts. © Xt. | Welcome is a good example; and those in which the panicle
Poppies, “‘ All Engiand,” selected Shirley—eighteen branches only on one side, commonly termed “side oats,”
‘ colors Siac eeenicr ene ane Gas 15 cts Bee of which Seizures is a good example. Between these two
ansies, mg war lants ’—won eriu y ne. 5° cts. t. = Sp vad
Sweet Peas—Orchid, Spencer, Hybrids and some other classes there are all gradations. Different WEEKES also
new English introductions (which have been tested vary in color from white, black, and red, through all inter-
los, (Wintel oie ANTE). 2250. ssce on oDoGeDON ubosoC= 25, cts. Pkt. | mediate colors. ‘There are also hull-less varieties. In the
GERMAN Northern and Western states the following distimct varieties
Nasturtiums—‘‘ Kaiser Dwarfs ”—x2 colors in areata have oftenest given heavy yields: Lincoln, American
mixture. .-... ae oakes --++-.10 cts. Pkt. | Banner, Pringle Progress, White Benanza, Belgian, New
hree pac ets for Ae cts. I a
Marie olds Innperiaien hrenchiaypeNiolicolorsitc Zealand, Monarch, Early, Archangel, Wide-awake, Im
equallpmixtures eee erro eee emer eet 20 cts. Pkt. | proved American, Welcome, Clydesdale, Early Dakota.
Zins ness new hybAds oa! dull colors elimin- a Tn the Southern states the following are popular varieties:
ate colors in equal mixture........ 15 cts. ite SoD o :
Phlox Drummondi, Berlin eames 6 ellos Cao Virginia Gray, Red Dust Proof, Gray Winter Beardless,
E : z Rom colorusasOrtsy pene ame eee 20 cts. Pkt. | Prince Edward Island. Some seedsmen do offer as varie-
Expert advice on all questions pertaining to JAPANESE ties, hybrids of doubtful characteristics and value. Use
Orchard, Garden and Landscape Planting. ‘Tell j “Gl + fh al Operas of only tested varieties of known worth of which there is
us what you want. Wecan help you. Don’t Bima (Cloates, SAise ne steal Siew ewig lect f
y ; > of the Gods?’ strain is now offered as the finest in ample number to select from.
fail to get our New Illustrated Catalog. Mailed the world. With special cultural directions..... 25 cts. Pkt.

Free.
THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES,

BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

INC.

{Boe $1.00 you may select to the value of $1.20
SPECIAL For $2.00 you may have the whole collection of

eleven large packets.

IMPORT SEED CO., 1181 B’way, N. Y.

Azaleas, Laurel and Rhododendrons

Send for our new illustrated booklet

Remember that we carry a complete line of Trees, Shrubs, Vines and
Perennials. '

EASTERN NURSERIES

M. M. DAWSON, Manager

JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS.

WASHINGTON’S FRUIT DISTRICT

H. J. J., Hlinois—The term Columbia River Region in
Bast Washington is rather indefinite for there is a great deal
of difference in the horticultural value of the different parts
of this section. In general it may be divided into two
regions; the valley land which is irrigated, and the uplands
which are not. The irrigated valleys of East Washington,
particularly the Wenatchee, Yakima and Walla Walla are
exceptionally valuable and profitable for fruits. These are
the chief commercial fruit centres of the state. The climate
is dry and the fruit comes to bearing early, has a beautiful
color and is free from disease, except fire blight, but is
grievously affected with codling moth. On the whole it is
one of the best fruit sections [ know. ‘The upland region of
East Washington, known as the “Palouse Country” and
the “Big Bend Country,” are valuable chiefly for winter
apples and winter pears. This country has an annual rain-
fall of cnly twelve to eighteen inches but fruit can be grown
there profitably. ‘The valleys are to be preferred, however.
There is a detailed description of the fruit growing in both
of these sections in the American Pomological Society report
for 1905 under an article entitled “Fruit growing in the
Pacific Northwest.” S. W. F.

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Water for Fountains
and Gardens

A beautiful lawn and fountain with its
splashing water enhances the value of a
country residence and adds to its attractive-
ness. The conveniences of running water
m the house and at the barn are greatly

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions as to garden furniture 109

SCIENTIFIC FERTILIZATION

The advice of the experts to mix your own fertilizers requires such a knowledge of the availability of
the different ingredients, and consumes so much time and effort, as to be beyond the range of practicability.
No prepared plant food has been hitherto satisfactory, while the use of animal products of all kinds is waste-
ful, crude and obnoxious. “PLANT-BLOOD,” composed of clean, odorless stimulants, was invented to
supply this great need for a preparation that was not only scientific in principle, but simple in application—
not only absolutely safe to use, but highly effective in results.

“PLANT-BLOOD” is positrbely the only prepared, complete fertilizer that ts wholly scientific in its
action. “PLANT-BLOOD” has positively a greater stimulating efficiency than any other plant food,

tegatdless of price or manner of preparation.

“PLANT-BLOOD” has been tried on roses, catnations, chrys-

anthemums, ferns and other potted plants, on lawns and shrubbery, on tomatoes, lettuce and other vegetables,
by amateurs, commercial florists and market gardeners and by government experts. Our claims for st perior-
ity in respect to increase of yield, acceleration of growth and richer coloring have been demonstrated in every case.
It has surprised the experts connected with the Agricultural Department at Washington, at the green-
houses of the Bureau of Plant Industry and at the Conservatories of the White-House. Complete tests have
been carried on in these establishments and the incomparable superiority of “PLANT-BLOOD” substantiated
in every respect, and “PLANT-BLOOD” is now the only prepared fertilizer used in these greenhouses.
Here are presented a few of the testimonials received from commercial florists showing what they

think of “PLANT-BLOOD” after exacting tests:

MICHLER BkOS., Florists
Lexington, Ky., Nov. 4, 1907
Gentlemen—Please quote us prices on Plant-Blood. It Seems to be the
missing link in fertilizers. We want it for our customers.
Yours very truly,
[Signed] Michler Bros. Co.
MOREL BROTHERS, Florists and Gardeners.
624 East Market Street.
Scranton, Pa., Jan. 8, 1908

WILLIAM R. MORRIS, Florist,
Wellesley, Mass., Oct. 21, 1907
Gentlemen.—Please ship me roo Ibs. of your fertilizer. It is doing fine
work here on roses. Yours very truly,
(Signed] Wm. R. Morris

WASHINGTON FLORISTS CO.. 1707 14th St., Cor. 13 and F. Sts.
Washington, D. C., Jan. 17, 1908
Gentlemen;—Our second order of your Plant-Blood has been received. We

desired. These things can be had with-

have had such good results from it, that we will undoubtedly continue to
useit, Wetried scme on old Boston Ferns which were pot bound and
starved out. It has given them new lie after two weeks feeding on Plant-
Biood. They changed from sickly starved plants to dark green vigorous and
healthy ferns. Most respectfully yours,

(Signed)

Gentlemen;—Please give us your lowest prices on 1oco lbs. of Plant-Blood
for cash with order. Hop-
ing to hear from you soon,
we remain,
Yours very truly,
[Signed] Morel Bros.

out much expense. If there’s a runniag
stream or spring cn the Jand, the water can
be pumped just where it’s wanted with a

Otto Bauer, Mgr,

Put Up as Follows:
% Ib. packages, 15c, by mail, 25c; 1 Ib. packages, 25¢, by mail, 40c; 12 Ib. bags,
81.00, by express prepaid $1.25. 100 Ib. bags, $5.00. Prices for larger lots furnished
on application.

NIAGARA
Hydraulic Ram

Gives an abur jant water supply at very little cost,
and with no -xpense after it is installed. Pumps
day andnight. Requiresno attention. Better than
a gasoline engine or windmill, as it doesn’t get out
of order. For supplying water to summer hotels
and resorts, irrigation purposes and dairy farms it
has no equal.

Write for booklet AC containing full information,
and ask for guaranteed estimate.

NIAGARA HYDRAULIC ENGINE CoO.,
140 Nassau St., New York. Factory, Chester, Pa.

For Sale by
Joseph Breck & Sons, Schlegel & Fottler, and Fiske Seed Co., of Boston,
Arthur T. Boddington, Bridgeman’s Seed Warehouse and Stuinpp & Walter Co., New York.
H. F. Michell Co. and Johnson Seed Co., Philadelphia.
J. Bolgiano & Sons, Baltimore and F.W. Bolgiano & Co., Washington, D. C. :
Vaughan’s Seed Store and A. L. Randall C ., Chicago, and by large Seed and Floral Supply
Houses all over the country.

LANT-BLOOD

‘TRADE-HARK.
SEO. U. © PATER Copan

THE PATENTED FERTILIZER
SAFE, CLEAN, ODORLESS, EEFECTIVE.
Sole Manufacturers, FERTILIZER PRODUCTS CO. {

i
;

The sweet pea plants on the right received an
application of ‘‘PILANT-BLOOD ”’ by the florist

of o1 imor - he le eante
hivingreccivedthebestordinarywrevtment. From GeNeral Agents, ELLIS-CHALMERS CO., 100 William St. New York

i xhibi th sent . aan
Gjolnshe Sineniins GUS Cuvee meee et Gre Raden Awarded the only Gold Medal at the Bureau of Inventions, famestown Exposition,

TooTH LLARROW witéts

Lightest Draft Harrow made. Adapted to any soil. Saves a half-horse power. Seat
aajusted without bolts. Used either as walking or riding harrow. Teeth controlled by lever.
Easily cleared of rubbish. Made of very best materials. Awarded Gold Medals at
St. Louis World’s Fair. Write for free catalogue describing this harrow.

THE HENCH & DROMGOLD CO., Mirs., York, Pa.

AGENTS

MONS TREES Grow |

"Make Your Garden Glad"

PLANT

WINTERSON’S SEEDS
PLANTS AND BULBS

We call special
attention to our

“HARDY EVERGREEN”
LAWN GRASS SEED
5 Ibs. $1.00 15 Ibs. $2.85. 100 lbs. $18.00
AND
“COMBINATION” ODORLESS
LAWN FERTILIZER
25 Ibs. 90c. 50 lbs. $1.50. 100 lbs. $2.90.

Produces a perfect and permanent
lawn. Complete catalogue free

WINTERSON’S SEED STORE

45, 47, 49 Wabash Avenue
CHICAGO

You'll be interested in them if you have a new lawn to plant or an old one to improve. Even if you wa

t some Evergreens or Shrubbery about your house and porch foundations; a shrub or perennial border to
j High we can aS for flowers ; a screen to hide some objectionable object; a hedge to surround your property;

| or shade trees and Evergreens for the lawn:—in fact no matter what the nature of the places, a
ne,

| to send for our new catalog. Moons trees have helped to make many such beautiful plantings as this o:
| “MOONS HARDY TREES AND PLANTS FOR EVERY PLACE AND PURPOSE”
| It is a volume filled with information about our Evergreens, Shade Trees, Flowering Shrubs,

Vines, R-ses, Perennials and other hardy nursery products,

i 4 Makefield T. nee
Osc st, LB; WA Hat, Mimons Gonueanpc MORRISVILLE, PA. Le

I} you wish to purchase live stock,
wrile to the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
|

MarcwH. 1908

110

SILVER MAPLE, THE CHEAPEST LARGE TREE
IN WESTBURY NURSERIES

Strong, Healthy,

FQ) they cannot be surpassed.

Your Time Saved

By planting large trees prepared for vigorous
growth.

They have broad tops and will give shade this
summer. Next year they will give a good shade
and hold up a hammock. They save you Io to
15 vears.

We have the local conditions to grow the nu-
merous fibrous roots and have developed meth-
ods of dissecting out and packing these roots for
safe shipment.

Offered at low rates and cheaper than you can
grow them.

Height Diameter Spread Brice packer
.0.').

Norway Maple 16ft. 4in. 6-8 ft. $9.00 to 18.00
os es 20-25 ft. 5in. 5-15 ft. 20.00 to 26.00
Silver Maple 20ft. 4in. 8-12ft. 6.00
ee “s Aft. gin. 8-12 ft 10.00
ee ee 26 ft. 5in. 10-15 ft 14.00
es 28 ft. 6-9in. 12-16 ft. 25.00
Sycamore Maple Mit. 44in. 9-12 ft. 12.00 to 18.00
fe Ge 26 ft. 5-7 in, 10-15 ft. 16.00 to 25.00
Pin Oak 20 ft. 4in 12 ft. 16.00
eee 22 ft. 5 in 12 ft 22.00
boa AE 26 ft 6 in 12 ft. 35.00
Linden Basswood 18 ft 4in 10 ft 11.00
ce ee 28 ft 6 in 12 ft 26.00

Trees up to 30 feet spread delivered on Hicks’
Patent Tree mover. Send for catalogue of gen-
eral nursery stock and low priced young stock.

ISAAC HICKS & SON
Westbury Station, Long Island, N. Y.

Choice Nu rsery Stock

We offer for Spring of 1908 the finest and largest assortment of Fruits and Ornamentals that we have ever grown and

Write to-day for our Free Illustrated Catalogue which will show you just what you want for your Spring Planting.
We are always pleased to quote special prices on your list and can give you the right figures for the right stock.
We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches.

Don’t place your order until you get our prices.

T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York

A Kalamazoo

TRADE

Direct to You

MARK REGISTERED

We have more than 100,000 satisfied customers in more than 17,000 cities, villages and towns in
the United States who have each saved from $5 to $40 by buyinga Kalamazoo stove or range on

360 DAYS APPROVAL

direct from our factory at actual factory prices. No stove or range has a higher reputation

or gives better satisfaction.

3 e You
j pay the freight.

run no risk. You save all dealers’ profits. We

Send Postal For Catalog No. 474

and see list of towns where we have satisfied customers.

KALAMAZOO STOVE

COMPANY, MEFRS., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

Our patent oven thermometer makes baking and

roasting easy.

NOW is the TIME to PLAN for PLANTING

Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue will assist you.

It describes all the best and

HARDIEST

TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, ROSES and HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS,
MAILED FREE ON APPLICATION

BAY STATE NURSERIES

ROTI AND

screens

NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

PROTECT YOUR HOME

by inclosing your grounds with the strongest, most or-
namental and durable fence on the market. This illus-
tration can give you but a faint idea of the beauties of

Lawn

Fence

Ithasall the advantages of any other form of fence with-
out their disadvantages, and is made in several sizes and
styles to meet all requirements. Complete illustrated
catalogue mailed onrequest. Kindlyask for CatalogueD.

SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO.

253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY

A New Englander’s Experience

in Raising Field Corn

HEN I returned to the farm, several
years ago, I was sure that no crop was
more important for the dairy farmer than
corn, both for grain and for soiling, and I had
also a picture, in my mind’s eye, of the corn
I wished to grow. ‘The ears were large and
long with small cob and large kernel and
borne on a large leafy stalk for fodder. The
corn for green feed was also very large with
a great many leaves, and I am afraid that I
did not see many ears on it.
Being unable to go to the farm until the
end of June, I had engaged a man to do the
work. He had put all the stable manure on

an acre of potatoes, an acre of field corn and

three-fourths of an acre of Stowell’s Ever-
green for soiling. A commercial fertilizer
was added in the hill and then he took care

_of them. There were no weeds in any of

those crops. As a result there were two

| hundred bushels of ear corn and enough

fodder corn to feed my cows through August
and early September, besides nine large
loads to put in the barn. This was the result
of enough fertilizer and thorough cultivation.

But I wanted to do better with corn,
especially field corn. That which the man
had grown had rather small kernels and not
very abundant foliage. So I determined
to get a large sort. I did so and as a result
had a large crop of not very sound corn.
However, I learned one lesson; when buying
seed corn from a seedsman, be sure that the
seed he advertises as an eighty or ninety
day sort ripened in eighty or ninety days
under conditions of climate similar to your
own, or you may find that it requires one
hundred or more days to ripen it for you.

I had noticed some nice seed corn at our
fair, grown by a man who lived seven miles
south of me, So I bought my seed from him.
It was of the Longfellow variety, but I
planted it a little too close in the rows as I
found out in this way: I had to cut a road
through it to get some hay on the farther side,
and while the whole piece was good, on both
sides of this road the corn ripened earlier,
and the ears were larger. Had I put the
corn three and one-half feet apart in the row,
I should have had more and better corn than
I did at three feet.

The farmer from whom IJ had bought my
seed had told me that he intended always
to plant his corn about May rath, saying he
preferred to have his corn cut off by the frost
in the spring rather than in the fall, and I
had noticed that he always had good corn.
Observation since has convinced me that
he was right. The next year I saw a crop
that was put in early cut back almost to the
ground by the frost, yet coming on again
and producing a good crop; while right beside
it some rows planted several days later,
receiving the same cultivation but held back
from starting by dry weather, failed to ripen
their grain.

Another year a seeding of a large sort,
badly injured, was replanted with Early
Canada flint, and yielded 130 bushels of
ears to the acre. I bought this seed on the
cob, and noticed that my crop had larger

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service gives
information about real estate

111

USE BROWN’S SPRAYERS

AND AUTO-POP NOZZLE

FOR BEST RESULTS IN GARDEN,
FIELD, ORCHARD, and VINEYARD

If Brown’s Auto-Sprays were not the best they would
not be used aid endorsed by practically a// the Government
and State Experiment Stations— nor would 250,000 Fruit
Growers, Gardeners and Farmers use and endorse them.

WE MANUFACTURE 40 STYLES AND SIZES OF
TRACTION POWER and HAND POWER OUTFiTS

One of these styles is sure to meet your requirements.
We guarantee every customer complete satisfaction.

FOR LIGHT WORK we recommend our hand sprayer
No. 1. It will handle all kinds of solution and develops
enough pressure for all kinds of work except the tallest trees.
Suitable for
spraying
Hand Power Auto- small trees,
matic Spray No. 1 shrubb ery,
5 acres or less of potatoes and
garden truck, poultry houses,
etc. Capacity4 gals. 10strokes
of plunger generates pressure for
10 minutes spraying.

OUR TRACTION OUTFITS are
the most powerful, easily oper-
ated and efficient on the market.
No. 23, shown here, is just the thing for extensive orchard and field work.
No expense for power, no experienced man needed. Capacity 150 gallons.

Our Large Catalogue and valuable Spraying Calendar, Compiled
by Prof. Slingerland of Cornell University of Agriculture, will be
sent on request. Write for them today.

The E. C. Brown Co., 34 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y.

Auto-Spray No. 1 in Potato Field.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Have for upwards of 70 years been recognized as leaders
in the production of HIGH GRADE

REES

Shrubs, Roses and Hardy Plants

The fame of these great Nurseries has extended over the

length and breadth of this country, as well as to all parts
of ‘the civilized world. They are prepared for the Spring
season of 1908 with their usual large and exclusive collec-
tions at prices consistent with the high quality of the
goods furnished.

They have no agents, but sell their products through
the medium of a complete Illustrated Descriptive Cata-
logue which gives prices and contains full cultural direc-
tions.

Superb New Edition

of this Catalogue is now ready
and will be mailed free upon
request.

Mount Hope Nurseries,
Rochester, N. Y.

For Farm
For Factory
For Home

Concrete
Construction

ITIS ECONOMICAL, DURABLE, FIREPROOF AND SANITARY,
NEEDS NO PAINT OR REPAIRS, IS WARMER IN WINTER,
COOLER IN SUMMER 1HAN ANY OTHER CONSTRUCTION
AND IS ADAPTABLE TO ANY STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE

For the benefit of those who desire to make lasting improvements about the FARM,
FACTORY, or HOME, and as a guide to those contemplating new construction, we
have published the following books :
For the Suburbanite and Farmer,
“* Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm ’’
a book containing directions for making and handling concrete, also many specifica-
tions, sectional drawings, and photographs of the smaller constructions that can be
built by the layman without skilled labor.
Paper bound copies, free upon request.
For the [Manufacturer and [erchant,
“* Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction ”’
a book containing besides several general chapters on concrete, concrete aggregates,
methods and material for reinforcing—ten chapters giving detailed descriptions of ten
concrete factories and warehouses erected in various parts of the country by different
systems, with photographs and sectional drawings, and specifications furnished by the
engineers in charge of the work.
This book, profusely illustrated (250 pages, size6%4 xg), pamphlet bound, sent free
upon request to Architects, Engineersand Manufacturers who contemplate building.
Cloth bound copies, soc. each.

For the [Mechanic and Artisan,
** Concrete Cottages ’’
a sixteen page pamphlet showing photographs, floor plans and specifications for small
concrete houses ranging in cost from $1,500.00 to $4,000.00.
Copies sent free upon request.
For the Housebuilder and Investor,
““Concrete Country Residences ’’

a book containing photographsand floor plans of over 150 Concrete Houses, ranging in
price from $2,000 to $200,000. The houses not only show a large variety of design, but
are of several different systems of concrete construction. These are not imaginary
sketches, but houses already built and designed by the best architects in the country.
Copies (168 pages, size 10 x 12), will be sent express prepaid upon receipt of £7.00.

The Atlas Portland Cement Co., ‘i2*” 30 Broad St., New York

From '‘Concrete Construction
About the Home and on
the Farm”

From “Reinforced Concrete in
Factory Construction”

Cloth bound copies, 25c. each.

Do you want
Flowers of stately magnificence?
Grow Cedar Acres Gladioli!

Do you want
Flowers of large size and strik-
ing appearance?
Grow Cedar Acres Gladioli!

Do you want
Flowers of exquisite richness
and diversity in colors and
markings?

Grow Cedar Acres Gladioli!

Do you want
Flowers that open after cutting
and remain open for a long time?
Grow Cedar Acres Gladioli!

Do you want
Flowers that are easy of culture,
growing anywhere potatoes
will thrive?
Grow Cedar Acres Gladioli!

For many years I have made the Gladiolus
a special study, My varieties shown at the
annual Boston exhibitions haye become famous.
Now I have published a pleasing little book
telling about them. It gives prices and full
information. A copy will be sent free if you
write to me for it.

B. HAMMOND TRACY

Box 123 Wenham, Mass.

a

W rite to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about greenhouses

112 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu, 1908

A GREENHOUSE ESPECIALLY
FOR GARDEN READERS

Large enough for most of your needs; small enough
not to be a care. It is built with the curved eaves,
wide glass spacing and glistening aluminum interior
finish. We can show you why it will grow more
and better flowers than any other construction and
require less repairs. Send for Catalog.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON U-BAR CO.
1 Madison Ave., New York

Designers and Builders

Highest Grade Seeds We Grow,
Highest Grade Seeds We Sell.

Let us tell you about them in our 1908 Catalogue.
It is mailed free.

H. E. FISKE SEED CO.
12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

Illustrations from our new Booklet (a
work of art) showing our line of

WHEELOCK
RUST PROOF

CLOSE MESH TREE
GUARD
Fences for all purposes.

TRELLIS AND FLOWER BED GUARD
13” and 19” Wide 16” and 22” High

Guaranteed Rust Proof

8”, 10”, and 12” Diam. 6’ High

Send for one to Guaranteed Rust Proof

Dept. F.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, WORCESTER, MASS.

For Sale by up-to-date dealers Demand WHEELOCK RUST PROOF Accept no substitute

ears than the seed. Another year I planted
Early Canada with the same results. A
neighbor who had as fine corn as I ever saw
told me that when he first bought the seed
from a farmer on the mountain, the ears were
considerably shorter than at the time I saw
them and the stalks much shorter. This,
with my own experience, convinced me that
I could take a good strong variety of northern
grown seed and by careful selection, bring
it up to a size as large as the climate would
permit me to grow. My experience since
has confirmed this belief. Taking a large
variety and trying to reduce it to my con-
ditions has not been a success.

Of course I knew that where the weeds
were large the corn would be small. This
much of the need of cultivation I saw, but
to appreciate at its full value the great
benefit of an earth mulch produced by
frequent cultivation, and to understand the
advice of the farmer to get the crop in early
required the rather costly experience of a
somewhat unusual season.

There was rain enough in the spring, and
then came eight weeks with no rain heavy
enough to reach corn planted at a proper
depth. My neighbor over the fence had put
his corn in while the soil was moist enough
to make it sprout, and then he began to use
a weeder, a tool rather new here then, and
how that corn did grow! He began when
the corn had hardly started and at least
twice each week went through it, keeping
the surface soil fine and mellow, and without
weeds and holding the moisture where the
roots of the small plants could reach and
use it. When I looked at the fields of the
other neighbors whose crops were planted
equally early but were now standing still as
they did not dare to put a large cultivator
among the small plants, I did not need any
agent to urge me to get a weeder. When
I saw my own seed, late planted, lie un-
sprouted in the ground for five weeks, I
needed no one to urge me to get my seed
in early. My neighbor had about the only
full crop in our valley that year. The next
year I too had a weeder and saw my corn
early planted, grow, faster it seemed, than
I had ever known corn to grow before, and
at harvest had the satisfaction that comes
from labor rewarded by a large crop of
splendid quality. And earliness of planting
and frequency of cultivation were the only
differences in conditions that had given a

better crop. Gwe
I HAVE often read in the agricultural
papers that the proper way to gather
seed corn is to go through the field and select
large ears from large vigorous stalks. This
is well enough if you care for grain only
and do not wish to have your fodder in the
best condition for the cows. Pick ears from
corn green enough to be the best fodder for
dairy cows, and when the ears are dry, the
kernels will be shrunken and wide apart on
the cob and lack vitality. Leave those same
ears on the stalk and let them cure in the
shock and the corn will be close set on the
cob, plump and of good vitality. Of course,
you will not pack the bundles in great masses

Saving Seed Corn

: eer.
Marcu, 1908 pele tee e GeAUet DME) Nam IeANGiAUZ; ON) Hy cc Rectan Service #8 trebaredize 113

ODORLESS, SANITARY
and INEXPENSIVE destroyer

of garbage and excrement.

Highly recommended by experts
as the modern substitute for out-

door closets and garbage cans.

EXTERIOR WELLESLEY (GREENHOUSE

How Far $300 Will Go
Toward Buying a Greenhouse

Descriptive booklet and testimonials
mailed on application

It will buy all the materials for this fen feet wide and twenty-five feet long,
Sectional Iron Frame House. These materials consist of the cast iron
sills to cap the masonry walls, and to which the rafters are bolted; cast
iron fittings, the iron rafters, bracings and fittings—the wooden capping, roof
bars, ridge, ridge ventilating sash, door and ornamental entrance hood—venti-
lating machinery—glass, paint, putty and glazing nails—all the necessary hard-

D A H L [ ja eae ee ware, bolts, screws, etc.
ostpal or

But the one gable is necessary when attaching it to an existing building,

Address Dept. 1

International Incinerator Co.
BUFFALO, N. Y.

TRIAL OFFER $1.00 or a potting room which you may erect. ‘The matter of benches and
heating plant vary so, according to the uses to which you may wish to put
ee eancearaudarduciud sof kuowmmerit- No obsolete or local sors. the house, that it is more satisfactory to consider these apart from the rest.

Pao ERS) WALTHAM MASS ., DEPT. 6 Being the Sectional Iron Frame, its erection involves the least possible

trouble and expense, because each part is accurately cut, fitted and given
a prime coat before being shipped. Its erection simply means the assembling
of the parts, bolting or screwing them together and putting the glass in place.
Your local mechanic with the assistance of the plans we furnish, is perfectly
competent to do it.

For further particulars, let us see you at any of our Offices, or take it up by letter.

LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY, (¢77iaig Designers

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
1133 Broadway 819 Tremont Bldg 1215 Filbert St.

ON Pe: | HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS| ASPARAGUS

a I ‘ti These are the Old Fashioned Hardy Flowers, the Peony, ‘ Pac : i
IN ‘he Dhlloes, tine lng, dae arene te AGU ese dee Six varieties of Healthy, Thrifty, one and two year old

4 \ servedly popular at the present time. Roots. Also a full line of Trees, Plants, Vines, Cali-
N i i 5 fornia Privet, Garden Tools, Spray Pumps and Mix-
; To secure these in good variety, of large size, well packed A S 5
and satisfactory in every respect, at moderate cost, send tures. Write for catalog and valuable Spraying
é: If You Understand Modern Methods and your orders to Chart. It’s free.

FARM INTELLIGENTLY RED OAK NURSERIES Fiskeville, R. I. | Arthur J. Collins, Box 405, Moorestown, N. J.

COUNTRY HOMES EVERYWHERE

interested in farming or gardening, in the growing of
fruit or of flowers, is invited to send fora free copy of

— Can be sold through Country Life in America.
Write to the Manager of the Real Estate Department.

our 80-page catalogue and full information in regard to
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York

the Home Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture,

Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which we offer

under Prof. Bronks of the Massachusetts Agricultural

College and Prof. Craig of the Cornell University.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept 8, Springfield, Mass.

‘ Are you going to refurnish a room ?
114 Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

Your Protection

How to Avoid
Paint Waste—

Two-thirds of the cost of painting
is in the /ador.

It costs more to put-on a poor
paint than a good one—

Because foor paint won’t work so
well under the Painter’s brush—won’t
spread so easily or evenly.

And you can’t get as good a 7od.

The foor paint won’t cover as many
square feet to the gallon as “High
Standard” Paint—the good paint—
will cover—

And won’t /ast anything like as long.

Now, the best paint—

Costs only a /¢#le more per gallon than the
poor paint—It takes fewer gallons of “High
Standard” Paint to cover the job—

And the Zofa/ cost for enough “High
Standard” Paint to do-the-job will be less
than the zofa/ cost for enough of the poor
paint. It takes less Painter’s-time to put-on
“High Standard” Paint—

And “High Standard” Paint J/asts from
two to four years longer than the other.

There’sa “High Standard” Paint for every
purpose—for both exterior and interior work.

That ‘Little Blue Flag’? on every can is your pro-
tection. Write for free Booklet “Attractive Homes” and
How to Make Them.” If you request, will include
Color Cards showing latest fashions in combinations.

The Lowe Brothers Company

Paintmakers—Varnishmakers

450-456 E. Third St., DAYTON, OHIO
New York Chicago Kansas City

AN INTERESTING NURSERY
CATALOGUE

Handsome 1908 catalogueFREE. Yourname
and address on post card will bring it to you.
The catalogue gives full information what to buy

—how to plant and care for stock. Everything
in fruits, and ornamental trees, shrubbery,
vines, roses, etc., fully described.

All our goods prananterd strictly as repre- |

sented and our stock is of highest grade and

ready for earliest delivery possible.
Send for this catalogue today

CORNWALL NURSERY (J. F. O’MARA, Prop.)
Lock Box 761, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York,

in the barn and you will see that the ears are
carefully selected at husking. Another im-
portant thing is curing corn for seed. Hang
up a bunch of ears in some room where a
fire is kept, and then hang up another,
equally good, in a cool room. You will
find when you test your seed in the spring
a difference in favor of the seed in the warm
room. A difference which may mean a good
ora poor stand of corn. I found a difference
of from 5 to 20 per cent.

I frequently see in the agricultural papers
intended for New England, advice to growers
of corn for soiling or the silo to get larger
sorts. If the season here were long enough
for large corn to mature its grain, this would
be well enough; but it is not, and the farmer
who feeds his dairy cows large corn with
few or no ears will find his cows giving less
milk, unless he also feeds a large ration of
grain, which is expensive. On the other
hand, let him plant an early sweet corn—I
have used Early Minnesota—a sort that
bears a good crop of ears, and let him feed
a few stalks of this well-eared corn to his
cows and compare results in milk with the
large leafy sorts. I have done so, feeding
the two sorts alternately and have been
surprised at the difference in favor of the ears
over the leaves, and what a saving was
effected in the grain bill. Only enough of
this small sort need be planted to fill in
between peas and oats, and the larger sorts,
like the Evergreen. In this way one may
produce a large part of his own grain and
so save a good sum.

What is true for soiling is also true of
corn for the silo. My neighbor has filled his
silo—125 tons—with large fodder corn and
fed a good ration of grain in connection with
this silage, and followed it with silage from
well-eared yellow flint with a very small
ration of grain to balance it; and each time
he made the comparison the result in milk
was much in favor of the well-eared corn.
The trouble with this large corn, as I have
found to my cost, is that there is no very
large sort that, one year with another, will
bear its grain early enough for soiling or
mature it early enough for the silo. And as
a cow can eat only so much, it is profitable
to select that which she does eat for quality
and not quantity.

Vermont Cas L LEE.

A Handy Sap Sled

ERE is a device that has been found
unusually handy in easing the labor
of carrying maple sap from the trees to the
sap house. The old method of carrying it
in pails is both slow and laborious. We
put together an arrangement of two 50-gal-
lon barrels mounted on runners, and this
we call a “‘sap sled.”

It was made of two 3 x 6 in. sticks hewn
rounding at one end for runners; two sticks
two inches square grooved to fit the ends
of the barrels; two sticks 2 x 3 in. for shoes;
all of these pieces of timber were six feet
long. For benches for the barrels to be
carried on two 3 x 4 in. pieces of joist about
seven feet long were used.

Six 12-inch bolis held all firmly together.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

1908

Marcu,

Servant Question
youll settle i so far . the WASHING and
CLEANING are concerned by supplying yours with

PYLE S PEARLINE

The work will be done WELLEASILY=SAFELY and
LLL HAVE A GRATEFUL SERVANT

MAKE MONEY
GROWING VIOLETS

The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can
make money all the year growing them outdoors in
cheap cold frames and gardens, or in the house in
pots and boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily
grown and quickly sold at handsome profit. A
fascinating occupaticn or paying business for both
men and women. Write to-day for our FREE
BOOKLET, ‘‘Money Making With Violets.” It
will interest and surprise you.

Dept. 8, Elite Conservatories, Dedham, Mass

Costs \
Little to |
Start

ALL INDOOR PLANTS NEED

Lemon Oil Insecticide as a wash and Insect destroyer—being odorless, safe,
effective, poisonless, and cheap—adding 30 parts water. If your seedsman
refuses to supply you, Write WEATHERBY BROS., Baltimore,
Md., for particulars.

Grow Mushrooms

For Big and Quick Profits
Small Capital to Start A Safe Business

I am the largest grower in
America. Ten years’ experience
enables me to give practical in-
struction in the business worth
many dollars to you. No matter
what your occupation is or where
you are located, here is an oppor-
tunity to acquire a thorough knowl-
7 mum edee of this paying business.

Sad fa Bree Book giving particulars and information,
how to start, cost, etc. Address

JACKSON -MUSHROOM FARM
Dept. 130 3243 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois

ONLY.

DP ENGINE “1)~

For FARM AND SHOP WORK. Start
without cranking; no cams or gears. £49
Burns Alcohol, Kerosene and Gasoline.

All sizes in stock —2 to 20 horse-
power. Steel connecting rods. Anti-
friction bearings; no vibration.

Write for free catalog. Run Sep-

arators, Corn Shredders, Grist

Mills, Pumps, Dynamos. Ete.

DETROIT ENGINE WORKS, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.’

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Are you going to refurnish a room ?
Write to the Readers? Service for hints 115

Up in the Northwest is a firm, now 24 years in
business, which sells good seeds. The Minneapolis Daily
Times, Jan. 15, 1905, said editorially :

“It?s not too much to say that through the new and im-
proved varieties of seeds introduced by Northrup, King & Co.
during the past twenty-one years, Millions of dollars
have been added to the permanent value of
Northwestern farm lands. Of such firmsas Northrup,
King & Co. it may truly be said, ‘ They deserve well of the

Grass,

source. Our Sterling Brands represent the highest qual-

ity and purest seed obtainable anywhere—atany price. Sam-

ples on application. Large magnifying glass to determine
quality, free to purchasers. See catalog, page ror.

Vegetable 4 Flower Se ds

We send free to buyers of $1.00 worth of seeds from
cur catalogan extra dollar’s worth of the varieties we con-
Sider to be the best of theirclass. See catalog, page 3.

The Marvelous :

This 1s one of the most wonderful plants earth
holds for our delight. It opens in the evening and exhales
a delicious and far carrying fragrance—perfuming the whole
garden. Easily grown in any climate and on any soil.

For 10 cents we will mail a full size packet of
seed of the perfume plant and

Our 1908 Catalog _

A Seed catalog is a picture of the firm issuing it.
Qurs is factful, informing and straightforward.
That’s the kind of business we conduct. Write
today and tellus yourseed needs—we can supply
them. Send for catalog anyway; it’s

TRADE MARK

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.,
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill.

HOTBED SASH

MATERIAL AND PLANS FOR

GREENHOUSES

BEST GRADES REASONABLE PRICES

A. DIETSCH CO.
619 SHEFFIELD AVE., CHICAGO, ILL.

THE HOOVER POTATO
The most successful digger made. DIGGER

Saves time, labor and
potatoes. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed

Catalogue of
Diggers, Pickers
and Sorters.

HOOVER MFG. CO., Box 36, Avery. Ohio.

'KELSEY Warm Air Generator

‘(FOR PROPER HOUSE HEATING

Kelsey Heating Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

Ve.
ROOFING
WayITNEEDSNOPAINT

No looking after your roofs every
Spring if you use Amatite!

No paint to buy! No work to do!

Just leave the roof alone, year after
year, and you'll be free from the

LUMBER
SHED AT
BRAIDWOOD,
ILLs

Amatite is a new and
better kind of ready roof-

ing. The old kind was smooth
and coated with paint. The new kind—
Amatite—is surfaced with real mineral
matter (see diagram) and zeguzres no paint.

annoyance of leaks.

WOOL FELT

ENLARGED SECTIONAL DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW AMATITE IS MADE

Amatite is easy to lay, requiring no
special tools. Cement for laps and
nails packed in center of every roll.

Free sample will be gladly sent on
request to anyone interested in this
“no paint’ roofing.

This mineral surface will wear better
than any paint made. Rain, snow
and wind do not affect it a particle.
It is firmly embedded under tremen-
dous pressure into the underlying
layer of pitch.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Philadelphia Cleveland
Alleghany Kansas City

Minneapolis Boston

London, Eng.

Cincinnati
New Orleans

New York Chicago

St. Louis

‘

FREE WITH “THE FRUIT-GROWER” #

We send free, prepaid, to new readers, a tree of Delicious apple and a vine of
Banner grape, best new fruits ever introduced, hardy all over th= country.
» Delicious highest quality known. Sold last season at $6a box, The Fruit-

Grower is the leading fruit paper, 40 to 80 pages a month, illustrated. Tells all
about fruit—how to prune, spray, cultivate, pack, market. $1 a year, but will
send Three Months FREE on trial if you subscribe or notify us to stop after
trial. Send for folder showing fruits in colors, and special offer,

The FRUIT-GROWER, Box 211, St. Joseph, Missouri ”

from the cold, frosty North. Defiance (early).

THREE NEW GARDEN PEA Bountiful (medium). Petoskey (late) All a
this season and full of Northern life and vim.

Strong, vigorous growers. Big yielders. Large, handsome pods. Large, sweet, delicious peas.
Send 25c. (stamps or coin,) and we will mail three full-sized packets, one of each kind; our 1908 catalog of Northern

A Grown Seeds, and a coupon good for 50c. worth of free seeds. Don’t miss this opportunity of testing the
MON E best garden peas eyer offered. Catalog alone, mailed free. Write to-day.
DARLING @ BEAHAN, Box 206, Mich.

Petoskey,

Necessary as a Lawn Mower

You wouldn’t think of cutting even a small plot of grass
without a lawn mower. Why then waste time, labor
and money trimming and edging lawns and gardens on
your hands and knees with clipper or sickle when

The Capitol Lawn Trimmer and Edger

will do the work quickly, smoothly and easily? An absolute ne-

cessity for lawns, gardens, parks, golf courses and cemeteries.
Ask your hardware dealer or write for Catalog ‘‘C.”’

The Granite State Mowing Machine Co., Hinsdale, N. H.

116 The Readers Serpicemal) estes eT EY GARD BONE iG CENeZaTONUE, Marcu, 1908

The shoes were put on by wooden pegs

66 ” aa The New being driven through the runners and shoes,
The New Japana ESN a > and for the tongue fastening an inch board
Cut Flower Holder Sp Japana a foot wide was used with bolt tongue hook.

Candlestick

greatly enhances the beauty of flowers by

showing them as they grow, and doubles le ae for evening decoration
their life by giving perfect circulation of wes affords the beautiful com-
water around each stem. ' a bination of cut flowers

ee a ‘ and candle light. The

The “Japana”’ The sf Anglais ea Table = f aed Et “Japana”’ eimile is made

. i 5 aii : with silver plated or brass

Decoration oe EE), ‘ : candlesticks, german sil-

ot \ jl ver and brass shades to

match. Thestick screws

into any “‘Japana.’”” Ccm-

plete “‘Japana’’ candle,

with silver stick,

“Japana” and Colonial

Vase, as illustrated ex-

cepting without shade,
$1.85.

Anglais Units with ‘‘Japana’’ Complete,

Crescent or Rectangular, each - $ 75 Any one can fix up a sled carryineniweMbnerels

Circle, 6 crescent units - - - - 4.50 2a oe ‘
OP (ecole NOEL Rea = ae fastened on a frame and it will save a lot of labor in
hauling maple syrups

Safe shipment and satisfaction guaranteed.
Order from this advertisement, or write for cir-

cular. 5 :
Special Sample Offer—Upon receipt of The barrels have an opening 1n the top

2gc. we will send a 2} inch “Japana”’ prepaid two inches square, and to cover this opening
to any address. use a block three inches square, bore a hole

M. V. GARNSEY in it through the centre for a $-inch bolt
N 129 Waiola Ave., La Grange, Ill. and a small stick an inch longer than the

block. Put the block outside and the stick

for cut flowers consists of
Japanas in low Colonial
crystalwithholes Glass vases, in both cres-
foreachstem.In- cent and rectangular units
visible in water 8 in. long permitting an un-
Used with any ;. . ¢
eee Or ahah. limited variety of effects,
4sin.dia. soc. 6 crescents make a circle and rectangles may be added
oem s oe to form an oblong of any size desired.

inside of the barrel and draw together with
the bolt.

To get the sap in the barrel without
spilling it, we use a funnel; to get it out

Lawn or Golf Green Roller.

This new pattern roller is made with our Improved Wood
Handle strongly braced, having counterpoise balance
weights on shaftfor holding the handle up when roller is
not in use.

This roller h amental end d is highly finished. 2 .

Tndi-pensable for successful lawn and garden Write for our illustrated catalogue, a suck pump was made from a pump log
aes mee ors replete with choicest strains of and a sucker and plunger with the spout
ae Ieee nantes es ge ee Vegetable and Flower Seeds. It long enough to reach to the big receiver

— 225, ates Cees 5 . : 3

ese. hae Ade ene also contains many engravings and or evaporator feeder. The tongue from
Fag RSS Aca lular “ ruBo full descriptions and directions for another sleigh may be used. The total
also larger sizes up to 500 Ibs. a : 5 cost was:

planting seeds. :
Adjustable Garden Cultivator. Mailed free to all applicants. a barrels,.: 5 | ies
2 runners 5 5 S 2 . . 50
The most useful hand garden tool on the A & EBERLE

ket. 2 grooved bars . A : Q : 30

mit will pull out the weeds, pulverize the SHERM N a 3
ground thoroughly leaving it level, works Box 320. ALBANY. N. NY 2 shoes O - 5 . . . -20
where other implements fail. 2 » 2 benches . , 5 B s -40

It will work between the rows, or the
center shovel can be removed, and straddle 6 bolts . . . . . 5 -60

if S 5 3

ile Shimane on ciate chains aie % tale as a board. 0 : : He)
top plate, nch boar c 9 5 C 5 -I0
eis we Dig htests) mele ling Dut re ANTS The World’s Block 15

s vit an : t 5 “ * 0 < A z
Erongest ttre tes are forge cao CHOICE ASTER PL picenaisepveriaiien eer |:
solid steel rod. et $1.00.

Catalogue ‘‘R”’ now being published, mailed free on application. Seventy-five varieties, Standard sorts per doz. 5c, per hundred Funnel = i = o Z 3 -50

Headquarters fur all the Best Manufacturers of Agricultural Implements. 30c, per thousand $2, per ten thousand $18.00, per hundred thou-

sand $150.00. Send for list. $4.25
J.S. WOODHOUSE BARNES’ GARDENS, Spencer, Indiana 7 ] : x
189-191 Water St, NEW YORK ea OHN HISHER.

fllustration shows comparison of King Grapes (at bottom) with Concords

Unconventional Shrubs

A Better Grape Than the Concord VME of the most beautiful flowering

The King Grape was originated at Vinecroft Farm, and was shrubs are almost crowded out of
described by S W. Fletcher in The Garden Magazine for February. | cultivation,” said a Long Island nursery-
This grape is a variation of the Concord, but it is a larger grape, is | man, “because people who are planting their
more prolific, better flavored and commands a much higher price | places go to a nursery and instinctively select
in the market. straight-growing, dense, symmetrical species

A committee of the Michigan Horticultural Society, reporting | and those which have dark green foliage that |
on this grape, said that it is “more vigorous and prolific than the | Stays on late in the fall. Such arbitrary
Concord, time of ripening and length of season the same, clusters one- | Standards rule out the laburnum, which
fourth longer, flavor nearly the same but more sprightly.....a| makes a shower of gold in spring with
valuable acquisition, a worthy offspring of its parent, the Concord.” | its pendant pea-shaped flowers. Later in

Every garden should have its grape vines. The vines that pro- life a taste develops for wayward and

duce the best lit d greatest quantity of fruit, occupy no more picturesque growers, and people are willing
sons (MERA ae Tae ps aie ro a vee ay to have shrubs that are bare at the base,

I have for sale strong, healthy vines, propagated from the origi- ee et oe ee a ae
oe could be cited, but these may suffice: Styrax
VINECROFT Americana, Amor pha fruticosa, Cercis Cana-

WILLIAM K. MUNSON, Prop., Rural Route 4, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. | densis.”’

Marcu, 1908

Ys

a A
Japanese
Gardening

1s a fine art. The love of flowers is a national
trait in the ‘‘Land of the Rising Sun.’’ The
Japanese has a garden, no matter how small
his home grounds. Garden arts have been
brought to such perfection in Japan that
plots only ten feet square are made exqui-
sitely beautiful.

Where, too often, Americans see only tin-
cans, ashes and garbage, in Japan the out-
look is made charming tothe eye. The garden
magic of the Japanese is wrought by the
simplest means. We make a specialty of
landscape gardening after the Japanese forms,

Applied to American Needs

and have to our credit many of the fine places for
which Baltimore is noted. It is now our purpose to
give persons in other sections the benefit of our
study and experience. =

Our new booklet, ‘“Gardening Lessons from the
Japanese,” tells how you may profit by what you
have learned, no matter where you live.

E

“Gardening Lessons from the Japanese” free on
application. Write today for a copy.

SDSS OR SOAS SER ODOR BRR eos

American & Japanese Nursery Co.

1215 Old Frederick Road : Baltimore, Maryland

bs
Fe
ba
bes
28

SUP

PLANT HOLLYHOCKS
The improved kind that bloom allsummer. Large, very

double flowers of purest colors and lots of them. The
most stately and effective of Hardy Perennials. Every

color—bright red, pure white, pink, yellow, maroon, blush,

etc.—last for years. As an inducement to try them for
one dollar I will send by mail:

12 Lovett’s Superb Double Hollyhocks

any colors desired or 15 Double Hollyhocks mixed colors,
or 15 Single Hollyhocks—all strong field grown roots that
will flower in a few weeks from planting. For $2.50 I will
send 25 Double and 12 Single Hollyhocks.

In my catalog of Hardy Perennials all is explained. It
is an elegantly printed and richly illuctrated book. It gives
accurate descriptions of over 1000 varieties of select Hardy
Perennials, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc., and is brimful of
valuable information about these beautiful and intensely —
interesting plants. Mailed free for the asking.

J. T. LOVETT, Box A, Little Silver, New Jersey

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service can assist you in Wz
selecting proper hardware for your home

If you own a home you have felt the need of just such a cart as
this. It takes the place of the back-breaking wheelbarrow that spoils
the lawn. It will save the cost soon, because it has a use for every
day in the year. ‘These details show how it is built for a lifetime
of service.

Rack of hard wood strips, natural finish. 38x 53 x8 in. Box 27x 42 x 10f in. Side wheels
30 in. with } in. steel wire spokes and 3 in. steel rims

Front wheels 18 in. with 3-16 in. steel wire spokes and 13 in. steel rims.
Capacity 500 to 200 pounds.

The Boxes of these carts are built of clear dry bass wood with hard wooa sills and
extra hard wood strips running full length 10 support bottom boards and front wheel brack-
ets. They are also reinforced with steel frame, hard wood corner posts and }in. cold
drawn steel tie rods.

The Gears are after our own pattern and made of the best of steel.

The Wheels have electrically welded rims and steel wire spokes. Extra front wheel
braces are used, thereby giving additional strength to running gear.

The Foot is patented and of special design. It is unique in that it provides a reliable
rest while cart is being loaded, and serves as a brake on steep grades or in slippery weather.

The Finish is dark green box with red gears and orange striping. The rack and
haudles are made of hard wood with natural finish.

Price, complete with 3 or 4 wheels, $30.00
net cash with order. Crated and delivered F. O. B. Cars at any city in the U.S., east

of the Mississippi.
SWARTWOUT & MOTT UTICA, N. Y.

Hii ch. Gy Beak

One of our ornamental plantings of a public highway.

THE time for having small “ door-vards”’ is past. No one cares to fence in their
grounds to within a few feet, when it is possible to give them a broad and
extended appearance. Why not have our Country homes located in a park? It can
be done no matter how plain or simple a house may be, attractive grounds is what
makes a beautiful Country home.

By beautifying the Highway, you extend your grounds and give the landscape a
Parkilike appearance. It is a simple thing to do, when you know where to get the
advice about the planting, and the stock to plant.

We make a snecialty of this workand haveall kinds of ORNAMENTAL, FOREST and
EVERGREEN TREES, desirable for the work, as well as a full line of SHRUBBERY,
HEDGE and HERBACEOUS PLANTS, ROSES, PERENNIALS, and BOX PLANTS
for FLOWER-GARDENS, as well as all the best varieties of FRUIT TREES, both
dwarf and standard. BERRY BUSHES, ASPARAGUS and STRAWBERRY PLANTS,
We also have the facilities for moving LARGE TREES, from ten to twelve inches in
diameter, and so obtain immediate effects.

Our Landscape Architect can make a plan of your grounds. Do not wait until it
is time to plant the stock before you make your plans. f

Attend to it at once, it is just the time; and then be ready for early planting.
Send to-day for our Catalogue. Any further information gladly given. Address

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.

Tel. 79=2

New Canaan, Conn.

The Readers’ Service will give
injormaion about motor boats

118

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Marcu,

O garden is complete without these grand
“Art Dahlias.” The flowers are 6 to 8
inches across. They are vigorous in
habit, growing 5 feet high. The flowers
are immense, freely produced on strong,
tall foot stalks well above the leaves.
Each fiower stands gracefully erect on its
e stem. They are a center of intense atten-
tion wherever grown. They havecreated a great and
lasting sensation in England and on the continent.
It doesn’t cost much to enjoy them, and they are not
difficult to grow. etisd
We offer the following ten varieties : 4
1. Queen Wilhelmina.—Pure white, ele-

EEE ELON color, dark velvet,
ellow.

Oo. - Paul Kruger.--White and red. Flowers
with three ranges of petals, very long stems. ‘

owe r. K. W. van Gorkom.—Beautiful
color, white, softly shaded roses. Blooms freely.

Oo. - King Leopold.—Color varying from
cream yellow to white. Flowers very large and on
long stems. 75cents each. i

o. 9. Solfatara.— Carmine red, with yellow
center. Blooms freely. Nice variety on strong stem.

10. Souvenir De Franz Liszt. — Flowers
rich garnet of immense Size, artistically ar-
O- . Itis avigorous grower and profuse bloomer.
gantform. Blossoms freely. : PCRS ancenh where priced, 50 cents each.
2. Glory of Baarn.—Soft pink, very large | postpaid, or the whole ten varieties for $4.00. Be sure
. 7% cents each. . : to have at least 5 of these gorgeous Art Dahlias,

3. Baron G. de Grancy.—Beautiful habit. | Complete cultural directions with each order.
Oreamy white color. Blossoms freely. 2 Send for our licts of attractive and successful

No. 4. Queen Emma.—First class flower, ir- | novelties in Dahlias, Lilies, Gladioli, ete. Address

regular range of petals. The stem is strong, and
hears these giant, flowers beautifully. Salmon with CUSHMAN GLADIOLUS COMPANY,
Box 10, Sylvania, Ohio

lilac. Blossoms freely.

No. 5.
shaded with

SHIPPED DIRECT FROM FACTORY TO HOME.
MADE OF FRAGRANT, MOTH-PROOF RED CEDAR.

Bound with heavy copper bands and studded with copper nails.
Beautiful dull natural finish.

Gur Cedar Chest constitutes the ideal home storage, WITHOUT COST, because it pays for itself in what itsaves. The safest,
most economical method of storing furs, woolens and fine fabrics, asit positively protects them from moths, dustand dampness.
They last for generations, save cold-storage and furrier’s bills forever. The highly scented cedar we use imparts a delicious
f in st trast to the offensive fumes of moth balis and camphor.
THE IDEAL GIFT FOR A WEDDING OR BIRTHDAY. SENT DIRECT ON TRIAL, FREIGHT PREPAID BOTH
WAYS AND MONEY REFUNDED IF DISAPPOINTED. Write for booklet and low factory prices today.
PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., STATESVILLE, N. C. Dept. T.

We also make a beautiful Box Couch of Solid Southern Red Cedar handsomely upholstered. Send for booklet and prices.

| An Interesting Hardy Bulb That

Blooms in September
flare great majority of hardy bulbs bloom

in the spring, and the autumn bloom-:

ing species are so few that they are doubly
interesting. The quaint little flower which
the Japanese call toad-lily (Tvicyrtis hirta) is
here illustrated.’ Its flowers are about an
inch across, and thickly spotted with purple
on a white ground. This genus is an
outlying member of the lily family and
differs from the common members of that
family by reason of its season of bloom
and the prominent nectar sacs at the base
of the three outer perianth segments.
Moreover, it has a short rootstock which
emits bunches of branched fibres.

The toad-lily is a perennial plant which.

grows one to three feet high and is rather com-
mon in the woods of Japan. It sometimes
blooms so late that its flowers are destroyed
by early frost. The variety nigra is said to
bloom two or three weeks earlier.

These plants should not be put in the
ordinary mixed border where they might be

The Japanese toad-lily, a curious bulb ally that may
be planted in spring

overpowered by stronger-growing plants, but
should be put in a bed by themselves where
they need not be disturbed for years. The
soil should be a sandy loam containing leaf-
mold, and the bed should have partial shade.
It is possible that trilliums would make a
good companion for them, because they
would give bloom in the spring of the year and
die down about the time the toad-lilies need
the ground.

New Jersey. T. McA.

1908.

Marcu, 1908

Furniture

Following our suggestion
of last month, wherein we
offered our services in the
planning and laying out of
gardens, we now showsome
examples of our work, of
which we will gladly send
illustrations or our complete
portfolio of ‘‘GARDEN
FURNITURE” for
twenty-five cents.

F unTAINS, STATUARY,COLUMNS,
] ERGOLAS, BALUSTRADES, STAND-
iRDS, SuN-DIALS, PEDESTALS,
BENCHES, TABLES, VASES, WELL
Heaps, WALL FounraAms, LIONS,
SPHINXES, ETC., IN MARBLE,
STONE AND PoMPEIAN STONE
THavt SuccessFuLLY WITH-
STANDS THE AMERICAN
WEATHER.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS
6 West 15th St., New York

I} you are plauning to build the Readers?
TUE eG ACROP) MU EN AMIN ARG AC se NT Sioce ie airiie fe basild the Resiers! 119

IMPROVED
IN EVERY
FEATURE

Have you seen and examined the New and

Improved 1908 DE LAVAL Cream Separators?

If not, and you own one or more cows don’t

further hinder your best interests by delaying

longer but let us give you a free demonstra-

tion in your own home at once. You will

marvel at the mechanical perfection, the

wonderful simplicity and convenience of these

new machines. These new machines show improvements in every feature,
from the supply can to the base of the machine, and mark the greatest move
forward in separator construction since the invention of the first practical
separator by Dr. De Laval in 1878. If you have milk cows you cannot
afford to be without one. The new De Laval skims closer, has greater
Capacity, operates easier and is more ideal in every way than De Laval
machines have been even in the past. ‘The improved De Laval is
actually ten years in advance of any other separator made to-day.
There are ten new styles, ten new capacities and ten new prices.
There is a machine for every dairy, from the smallest to the largest and
at a price that will fit every pocket. Don’t regret later that you didn’t
see the De Laval before you bought a machine but write us to-day for
our handsome new catalogue describing the machines in detail and a free
demonstration in your own home. You will be surprised. Don’t delay.

The De Laval Separator Co.

173-177 William Street
MONTREAL
14 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
107 First Street
PORTLAND, OREG,

42 E. Madison Street
CHICAGY
1213 & 1215 Filbert St.
PHILADELPHIA
Drumm & Sacramente Sts.
SAN FRSNCISCO

General Offices:
74 Cortlandt Street,
NEW YORK.

The Best are Invariably the
Cheapest.

This rule applies particularly to seeds. Ours are
backed up by A Reputation of Over 100 Years
Standing.

Send for our catalogue now. It is by far the most valuable and
most artistic of any seed catalogue published in America.

WE MAIL IT FREE

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

33 Barclay St. thro’ to 38 Park Place NEW YORK

GROWN IN GENEVA

Pe natural vitality of a tree or shrub is like the

‘‘constitution’’ of a man—it means ability to
withstand unusual conditions. ‘Transplanting is a
period of crucial tests in a tree’s life. ‘That’s
where Geneva Nursery Stock shows its value. It is
grown in soil specially adapted to starting strong,
healthy growth, and a climate that puts vigor into
every root and branch.

ROSES, ORNAMENTAL TREES
AND SHRUBS

Every tree and shrub worth planting in this country is grown
at the Geneva Nursery. Our Trees are fine, strong specimens,
and our Roses are field-grown plants, 18 to 30 inches high, with
splendid roots.

Our General Catalogue contains, perhaps, more information
about nursery stock, more planting instructions, better spraying
calendars and formulas than you have ever seen in a single book.
It tells about every tree and plant you are likely to be interes.ed
in. Sent free.

W. & T. SMITH CO., 222 cenera nursery

GENEVA, N. Y.

120

EGREATEST DISCOVERY
HOF MODERN TIN TIMES-

ey 2

a YGF

LY

GMM FEL PW

L Co.
ONORA wn CAEMICA
Bol Broapway, New YORK:

“BONORA”

For your early vegetables, garden
plants, shade trees, rose bushes and
all plant life. “BONORA”’ will
give them an active early start, make
them take root, and mature two to
three weeks earlier. Use it in your
hot beds, and you will be ahead of
your neighbor thirty days. All plant
life needs assistance; “BONORA”
will supply every requisite. It will
make all plant life grow luxuriantly
and bloom profusely. Give your

lawn an application of “BONORA”

early; also your grape vines and

fruit trees.

Endorsed by Luther Burbank,
Eben Rexford and many others, who
unhesitatingly recommend it. Used
on the Capitol Grounds of Wash-
ington, and by thousands of amateur
horticulturists.

Ask your dealer for it or order
direct.

Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows:
1 |b. ce 28 gallons, post paid _.65

5 Ibs. al 40 noms $ 2.50

10 Ibs. S ZY 4.75

Bonora Chemical Co.,

488-492 Broadway, cor. New York

Broome St. 5

CYCLONE

Arches, Vines, Trellis,
Don’t buy until you have
seen the Cyclone Catalog. Write for it today.

The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio

Ornamental Fences, Gates,
Lawn Borders are the best.

What is a fair rental fora given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

Red Pine for Windbreaks

| Reeees of planting Austrian or Scotch

pines for a windbreak, why don’t you
plant the red pine. It grows just as fast and
is not short-lived as the European species

are in America. ‘There are only three pines
that have so far demonstrated their ability
to reach a great height and maintain their
mature beauty for a long time, and the red
pine (Pinus resinosa) is one of them. Un-
like the white pine, it thrives along the sea-
shore, even in exposed situations and sterile
soil. It can be easily told from the white pine
because its leaves are in pairs and the foliage
effect is darker, more massive. It carries
two years’ foliage over the winter and bears
three years’ foliage in summer, whereas the
white pine has only one in winter. The
warm red of its bark is another good feature.

But it is faster growing than the white pine,
attaining 120 feet and furnishing even larger
masts than the white pine. It is often, but
absurdly, called Norway pine, for it is native
to America and not to Europe. Some say
an early Spanish traveler mistook it for the
Scotch pine, which grows in Norway.
Others say it 1s named after the little vil-
lage of Norway in the state of Maine. As
an ornamental tree it heads the hard or
pitch pines as Pinus Strobus heads the soft
or white pines.

THE DARKEST GREEN CONIFER

“The richest and darkest green among
all the conifers,” said a lover of evergreen
plants, “is that of the Irish yew.” Unfor-
tunately this is not sufficiently hardy and
long-lived in America. A Long Island
nurservman thinks he has discovered a
substitute for it in Taxus cuspidaia, var.
capitata, once advertised in the old Parson’s
catalogue, but not described in any book
we have at hand.

The Flowering Yellowwood

VERYONE who has been fortunate
enough to witness the flowering of the
yellowwood or virgilia (Cladastris tinctoria) is
enthusiastic about the spectacle. This hardy
tree attains a height of fifty feet and on rare
occasions is covered with drooping panicles
ten to twenty inches long. The flowers
are over an inch long, shaped like those of
a sweet pea, and are white and fragrant.
Unfortunately this tree blooms only at long
intervals and not freely as a rule. THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE would like to know
whether there is any specimen in this coun-
try that has a record for regular and profuse
blooming.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Increase the Yield of
Your Garden

by using the IGOE TOMATO AND
PLANT SUPPORTS. They will mean
a more abundant crop of Tomatoes of
superior quality, and more beauty and
success of your heavily flowered plants,
such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow,

Chrysanthemums, etc.

The Best and Strongest Support Made.

BS

1

|

REPAYS MADE
THE COST STRONG
MANY AND LIGHT
TIMES OF HEAVY
OVER IN GALVAN-
A SINGLE IZED
SEASON WIRE

PRICES:

= == Per'Dozen, % 3) Sila
=> Per 50, $7.00; per 100, $12.50

Send for Price List and Catalogue.

IGOE BROTHERS

67-71 Metropolitan Ave. _Brocklyn, N. Y.

Ws

, Ironand Wire Fences
Plain and heavy, also light and ornamental.

ina OQ Wire or Iron Fences. Highest grade at
innit L$, lowest prices. (Write forcatalos. FREE

| AA
UTC

Enterprise Foundry & Fence Co.,
202 S. Senate Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

ni A

They Last Forever

Standard

A Steel Fence Posts

4 are to be driven. A saving of 50%
=F : over wood posts. They will not rot.
a oe | burn or decay. Posts made for all
= F purposes. Posts are punched for any
fence; plain, barbed or woyen.
500,000 in use. Prompt deliy-
eries made. Factory near Pitts-
burg, Pa. Write for catalog, prices
and reference to J. H. Downs, 299
Broadway, New York City.

= The R Serz il]
Marcu, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE PE on ee

—_—

{In Full Bloom

Mailings

25 Serb
ROSES

which will bloom this year in your garden.
We will give the money back for every rose that fails.

We couldn’t make such anunprecedented offer if we grew roses in the
customary way. But we don’t. We grow them by a method peculiarly
our own—the result of 49 years of constant, intelligent, systematic
experimenting. Instead of being delicately rooted and soft- stemmed,
as are the unduly forced ordinary mail-order roses, ours have thrifty roots
and sturdy stems. They are ready to take right hold of the soil and
start growing just as soon as planted, and the quickness with which
they bloom astonishes all who have never before planted the roses sent
out by “'The Growers of the Best Roses in America.”’

So great is our faith that our specially grown Quick Blooming Roses
will thrive and bloom even under adverse circumstances, we will give
the broad guarantee of

money back for every rose
that fails to bloom THIS year

And your simple word is all the proof we require.

Be sure to write for our

136 Page Color Plate ‘‘Floral Guide.”’

It is the most interesting, practical and helpful manual of Roses and other flowers.
Describes practically all the old and new Roses worth growing and much valuable informa-
tion about other flowers and plants. It is free. Send your application to-day.

Growers Of 7ie Dest LOSCS it? AMEeCrTCA

(4
Box 24 B West Grove, Pa.

Special Selection of 25 Quick
Blooming Roses for Garden
Magazine Readers

Guaranteed to Bloom This Season or
Toney Back.

The following list of ‘‘outdoor’’ roses has
been most carefully selected. It includes the
hardiest, thriftiest and most profuse bloom-
ing roses of fineform and color suitable for
garden culture.

Prices, including free delivery, 20c each;
3 for 50c; 7 for $1. 00; 15 for $2.00. The
entire ealllacon of 25 for $3.25: or 40f each
kind (100 roses in all) for $12. Order by
number—it will save you the bother of writ-

ing the names.

No. 101 Aline Sisley—Flowers large and double-color,
fine violet-crimson; very fragrant.

No. 108 Corallina—Deep coral red; large, full and finely
formed; beautiful, long pointed buds. A constant bloomer

No. 105 Baby Rambler—New dwarf crimson rambler.
blooms in clusters. Almost always in bloom and very;
hardy.

No. 106 Beauty of Rosemawr—Rich peachy red-
,

Blooms all the time and entirely hardy.

No. 10% Bon Silene—Magnificent buds, immense bloom-
er, brightrich crimson.

No. 108 Champion of the World—A real champion in
hardiness, fragrance and vigor of growth. Flowers full
and double; rich rosy pink.

No. 109 Clotilde Soupert—Larze, perfectly double flow-
ers, rich, creamy white, with deep rose centre.

No. 110 Cornelia Cook—Pure creamy white, sometimes
tinged with pale rose. Long pointed buds and very sweet.

No. 111 Coquette de Lyon—Lovely canary yellow—
immense bloomer; elepant for bedding.

No. 118 Duchess ale Brabant—One of the finest roses
for general planting. Color, clear pink.

No. 114 Etoile de L. yon—Best pure deep yellow for gar-
den planting; hardy anu beautiful,

No. 116 Gruss an Teplitz—One of the best hardy crim-
son ever-blooming roses; dark rich crimson passing to
velvety fiery red; flowers large, full and sweet.

No. 120 La Tosea—A charming new rose of strong vigor-
ous growth. Color, a lovely shade of tender rose.

No. 128 Mad. Camille—Splendid garden rose; extra large,
full and sweet, clear rosy-flesh, passing to salmon pink.

No. 124 Mad. I’. Kruger—Color, soft rose pink, elegant-
ly shaded with crimson and amber; delightfully sweet.

No. 125 Mad. J. Sehwartz—Pure white, delicately
flushed with blush rose pink.

No. 126 Mad. J. Grolez—Handsome buds and large full
finely formed flowers. Color, lovely china rose, passing to
clear rich satiny-pink.

No. 181 Marie Lambert—Flowers extra large, very
double and deliciously tea-scented. Pale lemon-yellow
shaded with soft rosy blush.

No. 184 Mrs: B. R. Cant—Splendid rose-pink buds. and
large full flowers. A particularly free bloomer.

No. 142 Queen’s Searlet—Rich velvety scarlet, very
bright, strong, upright grower. Constant bloomer.

No. 144 Soy. de Pierre Notting—Magnificent rose of
strong growth; extra large, perfectly double flowers; rich
orange yellow, bordered with criinson rose.

No. 14% Wellesley—Color, brizht, clear rose pink; re-
verse of petals silver rose.

No. 148 White Maman Cochet—A splendid rose; has
all the good qualities of Maman Cochet, but is pure
snow- white.

No. 149 Winter Gem—Lovely creamy pink, blooms all
the time andin the winter when taken indoors.

No. 150 Yellow Soupert—Flowers borne inlarge clus-
ters, and quite fragrant. Color, pretty buff.

121

\ The Readers’ Service will give you injor-
“122 mation about leading hotels anywhere

Marcu, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Ist Prize Collection of

Vegetables at the Lenox Horticultural Society’s Annual

Exhibition, Autumn 1908 --- Grown Exclusively from

BODDINGTON'S

QUALITY . SEEDS

by Mr. E. J. JENKINS, gardener to GIRAUD FOSTER, Esq., Bellefontaine, Lenox, Mass.

ONE OF OUR SPECIALTIES:

Boddington’s “Early of Earliest Cabbage”

This is, by test, the earliest Cabbage of all; it is tender and as sweet in flavor as asparagus, maturing for the table in a remarkably short time. Ifsown in the open ground it will mature three weeks earlier than early
Jersey Wakefield. Leaves are pale green, close and conipact, and the heads are, in shape, very conical. Pkt. 25c, 5 pkts. for $r.

OUR 1908 CATALOGUE, a compendium of horticulture. is devoted to Oxadlity seeds, bulbs, and plants, all of the highest gerade procurable and from the most reliable specialists in the world, and contains
an zlustrated colored plate of the delightful cosmos, Lady Lenox, besides one hundred and twenty paves beautifully il/ustr xted with half-tone engravings from ov7g7nal Photograpis, and giving lengthy and useful cultural
directions for growing successfilly seeds, lilies, roses, etc. All contained in a unique poster Cesigned cover in colors. We will mail it to you “vee if you will send in your ame and address TO-DAY.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON (Seedsman) _ -

Dept. S, 342 West 14th Stree, NEW YORK CITY

| DINGEE
Roses

The Most Famous Roses
in America

“ Dingee”’ is the name that has been associated with
America’s most famous Roses for nearly sixty years. It
is a name that stands for “‘ Roses of Quality,” and is in
itself a guarantee that Dingee Roses are the strongest,
hardiest and most beautiful grown.

Rose growing is owr specialty. We grow and sell each
year over a million Rose p!ants—each one’ on its own
roots and guaranteed to grow and bloom.

Success in Rose growing depends upon two things—
quality of the plants themselves and knowledge of how
to care forthem. ‘Lhe 1908 edition of our

NEW GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE

isa book that tells just how tosucceed with Roses. Ittellsthe
best way to plant them and care forthem. It deseribes over
1000 distinct varieties and has many full color illustraticrs
of the newest and most beautiful Roses. Seeds a specialty.
Complimen<ary copy sent to any address on request.

These ten Roses are all selected with the

greatest care. All on their own rocts and

$1 00 with proper care will grow and blocm any-

- where. The ten comprises the famcus
Killarney, White Maman Cochet, La f

B France, Souv. de Pierre Notting,

uys Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Helen Gould,

Pink Maman Cochet, Mad. Abel \

Chatenay, Etoile de France, and tke ‘“

10 wonderful Tansendschon (Rose of a
Thousand T;eauties.)

The Tausendschon is the sensation of
Famous the year. A hardy climbing Rose loaded
with clusters of blooms, each Rose a differ -
ent color.

All ten for %1.00. Safe delivery ard
oses satisfaction guaranteed. Orders booked
for delivery when wanted. Now is the

time to order.

Our specialty is fhe “Rose,” but we also havein stock
every flower worth growing, suchas Carnations, Chrysan-
themums, Violets, Perennials, Hardy llowering Shrubs ard
Vines, Summer Flowering Bulbs, Small Fruits, Plent
Novelties, etc. Ourplants are all of the finest varieties.
For full particulars, address

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove, Pa.

The Leading Rose Grolwers of America

Established 1850 70 Greenhouses

will suggest the beauties of the mountains of western North
Carolina, in which Biltmore trees and plants are grown. You
will secure the most vigorous and hardy stock it is possible to

grow, too, at prices which are entirely reasonable. The long
growing season gives an unusual degree of vigor to the
products of

Biltmore Nursery

and unexcelled facilities afford it every other advantage. We
want you to know of our great nursery and its complete
planting resources, which supply everything necessary for any
garden, large or small. Our great catalog will be sent to you
free of charge—the most complete and most beautiful book
of the kind. Send for it today.

BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 132, BILTMORE, N.C.

@

Tee ie Your! Hon

oe f
une
WE = eet

| th j
tal Glas

CQ le We
SSS

it ith 1, Ss

== Farm Village

Would you like more water in or around your
present home?
Is there some beautiful spot where you long to
live—but dread the discomfort of scant water supply ?
“The only thing I don’t like about pioneering is
that you have to wait so long for city comforts to come
| to you,” said a young housewife when “farther out”
was discussed.
Water is the one thing indispensable.
It makes country life, even pioneering, a pleasure,
a luxury—a successiul business, if you please.

Most Simple and Complete

The Leader Water Supply
System does all a city system
can do—yes, it will even sup-
ply a town. For most modest
homes, for mansions, large
farms, public institutions or
municipalities, the Leader System is most simple,
complete and satisfactory.

It takes water from whatever source is availa-
ble—spring, well, stream or lake; close at hand or
at a distance; brings the water into a steel tank at
the same time pumping air into the tank. The
air becoming compressed in the tank suddenly
expands whenever a “tap” or faucet is opened,
thus forcing the water, as desired, to kitchen, bath
room, laundry, milk room, stable or even to most
remote corners of the place--for water in barn or
garden, or for watering stock in the pasture.

tells what we did for one man.

J) itl,
Linask, Lo

GBOB SRE

Western

5 = = <a f FN
ituinngt nia MONIC TON YANN 0) AM)

F you could look in at the win-
dows of this beautiful country
home you would catch glimp-

ses of the kind of comfort, enjoy-
ment and prosperity that an
abundance of pure water, cold or
hot, actually helps to produce.

Waiter Supply System

This interesting book, ‘‘How I Solved the Water Supply Problem’’
Just send for it anyway—TODAY,

Factory and Main Offices
2130 Jasper St., Decatur, Ill.

Dept. E, 120 W. 11th St.
Kansas City, Mo.

—
ie

SSS =SEH

or Rane

No Attic Tank

The tank is usually located in the basement,
where machinery belongs. Or the pump may be in the
basement and the tank may be buried in the ground
as further protection against frost.

There is no tank in the attic to menace life irom
its weight or injure property from leaks; no ugly tank
outside to make the landscape hideous or to freeze and
burst in winter.

Fire Protection

The force will throw water
over the house—a good strong
stream, and affords adequate fire
protection from the garden hose.
Special hose attachments may be
provided inside the house if de-
sired. Fire protection is also one
of the strong points of the Leader System when
installed in public institutions or for municipalities.

Why We Can Guarantee

Our guarantee is absolute. We say—-satisfaction or
money back—and we cam say it because we put in a per-
fect System. The tanks are made right in our own works—
so are the pumps. A special word about Leader pumps—
constantly aiming at higher achievements in engineering,
we were not satisfied with pumps formerly made, and
have perfected the ideal air and water pump—it is, indeed,
the Leader. The Leader System is nght.

Branch

!
A Single Flower of the New ii

BURPEE’S WHITE SPENCER
Exactly Natural Size i
Per pht. 25 cts.; 5 pk.s. for $1.00 I

Burpees

‘« Novelty ’’ Collection

Sweet Peas

we will mail one regu=
For 25 Cts. lar retail packet each
of the following: Two New Gigantic “Orchid-flowered”
Sweet Peas, the delicate pink Parapise and deep car-
mine-rose Georcr Herpert,—the richest dark navy-
blue, “ Burerr’s Briuanr Brur,” and the bright-
est “‘fadeless-scarlet”? Queen ALExanpRa,—all four
of which are shown, printed from nature, on cover of
our New Catalog for 1908. The elegant new fluted
white Nora Unwin (next best to Burpee’s White
Spencer),—the gorgeous fiery-orange EvELyn Byarr,
the beautiful new primrose Mrs. Corer, and a mix-
ture of The Gigantic Ruffled “Orchid-flowered” Svxv-
LINGS OF CouNTESS SPENCER.
(Of these ‘‘Elegant Eight,’’ four retail at 75 c#s.
ter pkt. and the other four at zo cts. per pkt. (F You
thus get Hight of the Finest Novelties, really worth one

dollar, for only 25 cts.,and our New Leaflet on the
CULTURE OF SWEET PEAS, revised for 1908.

‘‘Bountiful’’ Collection
we will mail one full-size
For 25 Cts. packet (70 to 100 seeds

each) of the following Ten Sweet Peas. Each
is the best of its color im the popular grandiflora
type,—of large size and fine form: Burrrr’s Aurora,
the best striped,—Burrer’s Dainty, most lovely
picotee-edged,—Countrss Capocan, clear light
blue,—Davin R. Wituiamson, indigo-blue,—Doro-
THY Ecxrorp, the popular white,—Frora Norton,
best lavender,—Janer Scorr, “ The Best Pink,’ —
Kine Epwarp VII, most popular scarlet,—Oruetto,
deep maroon, and a large ten-cent packet of the un-
equaled Special New Blend,—Burvrer’s Best Mixep
FOR 1908.

D Name Tue Garpen Macazine
Special—y ii your order, and we will give
you entirely free a packet (worth 15 cts.) of the
darkest of all Sweet Peas,—nearly black, Burrrx’s
Mipnicut, which will not be introduced until 190y.

Ss d $1 00 for five collections,
en ° assorted as desired, name
Tue Garpen Macazine, and as a special premium we

will give you also 1 pkt. (value 25 cts.) of Burren’s
Wuite Spencer, the grandest of all new Sweet Peas!

Burpee’s “Seeds that Grow”

are the Best Seeds that can be

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, PHILADELPHIA

grown!

You can prove the truth of this famous “‘motto”’ by
the investment of “only a quarter”’ !

Do so now! If you are not more than pleased with the
results, write us next summer and we shall promptly return
to you a brand new “Silver Quarter.” We will not
knowingly have a single dissatisfied customer.

B ’s Gem Collection

we will mail one full-size pack-
For 25 Cts. oer) Pike following Bight
Beautiful FLOWERS,—the rapid growing and most
gracefully attractive new climbing vine, FUCHSIA-FLow-
ERED IpomorA, the dwarf growing ‘White Carpet”
Littite Grm Sweet ALyssum,—the special mixture for
1908 of BURPEE’S FoREHOOK FAVORITE ASTERS,—the gor-
geously brilliant “MAGNIFICENT” CrLosiIA,—the perfectly
double and most lovely new “STRIPED PERFECTION” DWARF
FRENCH MARIGOLD,—the most attractive annual hedge plant
“Burning Bush,” KOCHIA TRiCOPHYLLA,—Burpec’s ForD-
HOOK LARGEST-FLOWERING PHLOX DrumMonpitof all col-
ors, and the unequaled New Burpee’s Blend for 10908 of
“TRuLyY GIANT-FLOWERED”? Pansies of which specimen
flower is shown illustrated natural size from a photograph, Pur-
chased separately these eight packets would cost 80 cts.
but all are mailed for only 25 cts.

will mail one full-size packet
For 25 Cts. each of the following Six Su-
perb NASTURTIUMS,—the most charming new
VARIEGATED QUEEN, tall nasturtiums as shown painted
from nature on page 107 of our New Catalog for 1998,—the
new blend of BURPEE’S BRILLIANT BEAUTIES, the most gorgeous
and varied strain of Tom Thumb Nasturtiums;—Burpee’s un-
equalled new GIAnT-FLOWERED TALL, flowers of unusual size, and wonderful
variety, —all colors of BuURPEE’s Ivy-LEAVED, of the charming new type of flower
and leaf,—the profuse flowering DwarF Litiiur, and the special blend of Burpee’s CRAZY *
Quirt Bus# for 1908 of all dwarf varieties. Our new leaflet on How to Grow Nasturliums, revised for 1908,
is sent with each order and allsix packets mailed for only 25 cts.

Five of the Finest. New Vegetables
Z ~ For 25 Cts. we will mail one full-

size packet (price rscts.)
of the unequaled and most luscious ForpHOoK
Musk Merton, the beautiful form and rich sal-
mon flesh of which are shown faithfully painted
from nature opposite page 26 of our new cata-
log,—the best summer butterhead long standing
ALL SEASONS LEettucre,—the largest and finest
flavored of all extremely early red tomatoes,
CHALK’s EARLY JEWEL,—the earliest, darkest
“BLACK-RED BALL” Brrr, and a small packet
of the entirely new unique ForpHOOk BUSH
Lima Bran which sold last year at twelve
beans for 25 cts. Without the fifteen seeds of
the wonderful new Bush Lima the other four
(full-size) packets purchased separately
alone would cost 45 cts., but all five will now
be mailed for only 25 cts.

Send 25 Cts. foranylot asad- 4

vertised above

—name THE GARDEN MAGAZINE,—and

i we will give you entirely FREE a packet

§ 2s (worth 15 cts.) of either Burpee’s Mid-

BURPEE’S NEW ‘‘ FORDHOOK ’’ MUSK MELON xight,—the darkest of all Sweet Peas, or

$ ] Burpee’s New Monstrous “‘Spinach-
Mustard,”—both of which are our own exclusive novelties for introduction in 1909.

for any two lots as advertised,—_ mame THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and we will
Send 50 cts. give you Free, both ‘he above or either of the above advance novelties
for 1909 and a packet of the Special New Mixture of Burpee’s Variegated Queen Tall Nasturtiums.

For $ 1 00 we will mail any FIVE assortments as advertised and—provided you name THE

0 GaRDEN MAGAZzINE,—give you entirely FREE. the: three-advance novelties:
Re Or and also 1 pkt. (price 25 cts.) of BURPEE’s WHITE SPENCER,—the grandest of all New
Sweet Peas.

v ; and write simply “Mail all the seeds advertised in
Send One Dollar THe GarpEn Ree You will then receive
promptly, postpaid, all the seed named on this page with the 25 ct. packet of Burpee’s White
Spencer and the three advance novelties for 1gog9. This makes twenty superb Sweet Peas,
seven grand Nasturtiums, eight beautiful Annual Flowers and six superb New Vegetables.
Thus you receive in all forty-one packets of the best “Seeds that Grow” for only one

dollar! This is the the greatest offer ever made by us, or by any other first-class seed
growers and should induce thousands of new customers to try Burpee’s Seeds for 1908.

Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1908

““The Leading American Seed Catalog ”’
An elegant New Book of 172 Pages, upon which we have spent months of labor and thousands of ,
dollars to Tell the Plain Truth by pen and pencil. Besides hundreds of illustrations from photographs it shows sixteen superb
Novelties painted from nature. It is the best seed catalog we have yet issued.
Shall we send you a copy? If you appreciate Quality in Seeds, you will say Yes.

_ ‘“FORDHOOK”’? BUSH LIMA

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

wae tee —— = iO

Number ee Number

ools That Really Hel;

n 1 ° WA ro APRS ee

COUNTRY LIFE () LOGE See ietey T

IN AMERICA 133-137 EAST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK WORK

ROSES BLOOMING
IN YOUR GARDEN
THIS SUMMER

Why not ? You will have them if you are Teht!
—the Heller Kind—if you want to have blooming Roses this summer.
from small puny plants, but begin with Heller’s mature plants and get quick results.

WILL TELL YOU THE WHOLE STORY!

Let us send her to you. She will come at our expense—with the message of the Roses.
begin the culture of Roses, and explain why it is that Heller’s own-root home grown plants are the first
essential. The best varieties will be described to you by her and her visit will
many years experience in growing roses—first as amateurs, and then in a commercial way.
“The Flower Girl” isa beautiful art-book. Let us send you a copy.
MERICAN BEAUTY ROSES A SPECIAUTY.

“THE FLOWER GIRL”

Heller Brothers, new eistiz: ma.

To Increase Your Crops of
Fruit and Vegetables—
To Keep All the Green Things
Growing and Beautiful—

USE

Brown’s AUTO-SPRAY

We manufacture the Auto-Spray in 40 different styles
and sizes, and every one is guaranteed to give complete
satisfaction. Our sprayers have the endorsement of practi-
cally every Government and State Experiment Station,
and 250,000 Gardeners, Fruit Growers and Farmers.

THE AUTO-POP NOZZLE will double the efficiency of
any sprayer and may be had ozly on our sprayers. It not
only does better work, but saves time, trouble and solution.

FOR LIGHT WorK, in most cases we recommend our
Auto-Spray No. 1. Its capacity is 4 gals.; it will handle
all kinds of solution; is conveniently carried over the
shoulder, and 10 strokes of plunger generates pressure for
. 10 minutes’ spraying. For the man with small trees or 5
_..= acres of garden to spray it is just the thing.

FOR HEAVY WORK our traction outfits will be found
the most powerful, easily operated, efficient and economi-
cal on the market. No expense for power, pressure being
developed by pump being gearedto the wheels. No experienced man needed.
No 23 shown here is adjustable for orchard, field and vineyard work.

Traction Power Auto-Spray No. 23

Hand Power Auto-
Spray No.1

Send for Large Catalog Today, and our Valuable Spraying Calendar
Compiled by Prof. Slingerland of Cornell University of Agriculture.

They are free for the asking. Write today.

THE E. C. BROWN CO. 34 Jay Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

‘Tt i is of the mieatest importance ia get Donic of the HERE kind
Don’t waste time trying to grow Roses

She will point how to properly

give you the benefit of our

RAN ult
SS SS

PM o ny HH) HY a=

\

: x i
A i A IY

IN oie ee SS Se :

rt

An ah CRS

} \\

GARDEN FURNITURE
IN MARBLE AND STONE

There is an underlying charm in the decorative value of the sun-dial, to say noth-
ing of the sense of completeness which it adds to the garden. Our produc-
tions, large or small, are masterpieces and are worthy of your most careful study.

Sun-Dials, Benches, Flower Basins, Pedestals, Tables,
Vases, Columns, Fountains, Figures, Busts, Etc.

SEND FOR BOOKLET

THE LELAND COMPANY

Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY

38 7 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

Granite Works: S Oyer Bee a ITALY
BARRE, VERMONT 4atos* ) 133d ST., NEW YORK

Art Memorials in Marble, Stone and Granite, designs of which will be sent upon request

ApRiL, 1908

Ou

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 12

Victor Records

on sale throughout
America on March 28

All vocal selections have accompan-
iments by the Victor Orchestra

=
ee

8-inch—35 cents.

| | “Shoulder Arms” March No. 5326 (Rose)

Eu | Seka /eboesnaccecko sonemisnaee ArthurPryor’s Band
3 * | Victor Minstrels No.9 Introducing ““Broncho

: ve ee and ‘Pride of the Prairie”’

3 j No. . Victor Minstrel Company

, 1 Downi in ane ‘Old Gherry) Orchard No. 5331

, | TEIGII)) ond o aoeieia Wide pinta pee a eeiatD Haydn Quartet
sS* 4 Happy Days No. 5308 (Strelezki)

>. -: Flute and Oboe Duet.......... Lyons and Trepte

_— 10-inch—60 cents

_ Miss Dixie No. 5370 (Hager). ..Arthur Prior’s Band
Dream of Happiness Waltz No. 5382
MUIR saanc. pes sieguetoounoD Arthur Pryor’s Band
Darkies’ Jubilee (Pastimes on the Levee) No.
5371(Turner) Victor Orchestra (W.B.Rogers, Cond.)
Angel’s Serenade No. 5393 (Braga)
Violoncello Solo....--..--...+.--.- Victor Sorlin
My Starlight Maid No. 5372(Klein) Harry Macdonough
The Nightingale’s Song (from “The ppysclean BD)
oF No. 5381 (Zeller).......... . Corinne Morgan
» | Venetian Song No. 5350, (Tosti)...... Alan Turner
Toreador Song from ‘Carmen’? No. 5376
GBizem mere cis hatin Sree ah Alan Turner
I’m Afraid to Come Home in the Dark
f - | No. 5373 (Van Alstyne) .....-.... Clarice Vance
* | | Four New “Merry Widow” Records
Vilia Song No. 5391 (Franz Lehar)-- Elise Stevenson
: Maxim’s No. 5394 (Franz Lehar)
* 4 -Harry Macdonough
| The Cavalier No. 5389 ‘(aan Lehar)
AERIS OCSCELICRD SAC goaeo Miss Stevenson and Mr. Stanley
Women No. 5392 (Franz Lehar)

q ee ecw wt et tenet etm s Cet ts ee

musical instrument. It is every

instrument and every voice in one.

The Victor is a violin, a flute, a cornet, a full band
or orchestra. The Victor i 1S Sousa or Pryor, Rogers,
Lyons or Mischa Elman.

The Victor is Caruso, Calve, Evie. Farrar,
-Gadski, Homer, Melba, Plancon, Schumann-Heink,
| Scotti, Sembrich, or any other famous singer.

The Victor is the Haydn Quartet; May Irwin;
\ Vesta Victoria, DeWolf Hopper.

_ Not a flat strained imitation, but a
. true tone-photograph; pure, full and —
perfect as life itself.

KEKE ffs

Peerless Quartet

e — | Will He Answer Goo Goo? No. 5387 (Meher)
|e SRE Or ici DDO VOC AOIGH OT DO CRRICIAGS Oo rere Ada Jones
Rain-in-the-Face No. 5375 (Burt)...... Billy Murray
Bavarian Yodel or Waterfall) No. 5383
-Macdonough and Watson
Just Help Yourself No. 5388
Von Tilzer). - bee -..--Collins and Harlan
“Piccolo” (from “A Waltz Dream’ *) No. 5390
4 (Straus)... . Miss Stevenson and ee iStaniey
| When Summer Tells Autumn Good B
a No. 5378 (Helf)........- Stanley and We stek
Wouldn’t You Like to Have Me for a
Sweetheart? (from ‘The Yankee Tourist’)
No. 5384 (Robyn)..... Miss Jones and Mr. Murray
Keep on Smiling No. 5379 (Kendis-Paley)
- Billy Murray and Haydn Quartet
Victor Minstrels No. 10 (Introducing * “Bye
Bye, My Sailor Boy’’ and “‘Good Bye, Honey,
Good Bye’’) No. 5380 ...Victor Minstrel Company

Dra

EEE

i
i
(og

Uncle Josh’s Letter From Home No. 5377 f h
Yankee Talk............-- -Cal Stewart or the : E

Schoolday Frolics No. 5385 Descriptive 4 Ask any Victor dealer to play the music you like best—
SRSCIAIET a s016.8 9.0 6 Ries fomes gine! NAD. Shyemces: og on on the Victor. Then you'll realize what the Victor really is.

Jimmie and Maggie at “The Merry Widow’’
No. 5386 Descriptive Specialty
Jonaecddegaovantwvopoun Miss Jones and Mr. Spencer

12-inch—$1
When Life is Brightest No. 31695 (Pinsuti)
V.olin and Flute Duet. - --..Rattay and Lyons

Madame Butterfly—Fantasie No. 31696
(Puccini) Violoncello Solo.......... Victor Sorlin

every
Victor and
Victor Record

VICTOR TALKING MACHINE CO., Camden, NJ, U.S.A.

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors.

New Red Seal Records

Marcella Sembrich, Soprano

The Merry Widow Waltz (Franz Lehar) (Dolce amor)

No. 88107. 12-inch with orchestra, $3 In Italian

Ernestine Schumann-Heink, Contralto

The Rosary (Nevin) No. 88108

#3 In English

Geraldine Farrar—Antonio Scotti

Madama Butterfly (Puccini) Oraanoi! (Now at Last)

, etter Duet from ActII No. 89014 12-inch, with or-
chestra, $4 In Italian

12-inch, with orchestra,

Meistersinger (Wagner) Quintette,

Geraldine Farrar, Soprano

Madama Butterfly (Puccini) Un bel di yedremo (Some

Day He'll Come) No. 88113
In Italian

12-inch, with orchestra, 33

Mefistofele (Boito) L’altra notte (Last Night in the Deep

Sea) No. 88114 12-inch with orchestra, $3 In Italian

Gadski—Mattfeld— Van Hoose—Journet—Reiss

Act IIL
No. 95201

t Selig, wie
die Sonne (Brightly as the Sun) 12-inch}

with orchestra, $5 In German

Caruso—Sembrich— Scotti—Severina

Rigoletto (Verdi) Quartet, Act III Bella figlia dell’ amore

(Fairest Daughter of the Graces) No. 96001 12-inch,

with orchestra, $6 In Italian

Marie Michailowa, Soprano

Traviata (Verdi) Addio del passato (Farewell to the Bright

Visions) No. 61178 10-inch, with orchestra, $1
Demonio (Rubinstein) “The Night is Calm’? No. 61179

10-inch, with orchestra, $1

Pianoforte Solo by Frank La Forge

(a) Gavotte (La Forge)
(6) Papillon (Lavallee)

No. 64083 to-inch, $1

To get best results, use only Victor Needles on Victor Records

Any Victor dealer will gladly play these records for you.

Go and hear them.

Write for free catalogue of over 3000 Victor Records

VICTOR TALKING MACHINE CO,, CAMDEN, N. J.,

Eerliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors

New Victor Records on sale throughout America on the 28th of every month,

U. S. A.

i

If you wish to purchase livestock
write to the Readers’ Service

I Can Preserve Your Old Trees

FoR MORE than ten years! was actively engaged in forestry and land-

scape work prior to being called in consultation by Mr. J. T. Wood-
ward, President of the Hanover National Bank of New York, who wished
to save the famous old Liberty Tree at Annapolis, Md. This was the
greatest piece of tree doctoring ever undertaken. Fifty-three tons of con-
crete (reinforced) were required to fill the enormous cavity running 564
feet high. On completion of the work a memorial tablet was unveiled
on Peggy Stuart Day last October, with appropriate exercises, in the pres-
ence of the Governor and other state officers.

The art of tree surgery is comparatively new, butit is based on scien-
tific principles of plant growth anda knowledge of the causes of disease
and decay.

I undertake the management of orchards, as well as all
kinds of ornamental plantations, grading, surveying,
making flower gardens, herbaceous borders, and give
advice on all the problems of estale management.

-€4 This poplar, or tulip tree, on the campus of St. John’s College, Annapolis, was
successfully treated ]ast year. The open side of the cavity is 18 feet high; height of
tree 104 feet 6 inches; age possibly 600 years, circumference 37 feet 6 inches.

Write to me about any subject concerning the care of trees,
and I will give you my opinion, based on years of experience.

Forestry Landscape Gardening
Plans and Consultations

John T. Withers

1 Montgomery Place Jersey City, N. J.

. Strong, Healthy, Choice Nursery Stock

We offer for Spring of 1908 the finest and largest assortment of Fruits and Ornamentals that we have ever grown and

they cannot be surpassed. A :

Write to-day for our Free Illustrated Catalogue which will show you just what you want for your Spring Planting.

We are always pleased to quote special prices on your list and can give you the right figures fer the right stock.
We do Landscape Gardening in all its branches. Don’t place your order until you get our prices.

T. J. DWYER & CO., P. O. Box 4, Cornwall, New York

Do You Want To Buy A Country Home

The service of our Country Real Estate Department, in finding your ideal place, is gratis.
MANAGER, COUNTRY REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT
COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 133 East 16th St., N. Y.

ri

“ Strawberry Plants That Grow”

All best Standard Varieties; Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant, and Grape Plants and Asparagus
Roots in Assortment. All stock warranted true to name and of grade represented or your money refunded.
40 Page Catalogue with Cultural Instruction free.

C. E. Whitten’s Nurseries

Bridgman, Mich.

Prepare Now For Your
Summer Garden

|] Our catalogue givessuggestions as to the best varieties. We mail it free.

H. E. FISKE SEED CO.

12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass.

$9 BUYS THIS SPLENDID COMBINED

Garden Seeder and Cultivator

It is acombinaton Hill and Drill Seeder and Cultivator. For the one price the following attach-
ments are furnished: One spring tooth weeder, one pair of gopher shovels, five cultivator teeth,
one pair of plows, one wrench, and extra frame with steel wheels 18 inches high.

The drill is made to plant accurately all kinds of seed in continuous rows or in hills from 4 to
28 inches apart. The change from hill to drill and from drill to hill can be made in a few seconds by simply loosening one
set screw. No parts to take off or put on,

Used as a Cultivator it can be easily and quickly changed to a double or single wheel plow, harrow, rake, weeder, mul-
cher, hoe, hiller, cultivator or pulverizer—combining

TEN TOOLS IN ONE

The arch easily straddles plants 20 inches high. Being made in our own factory by skilled labor, we never hesitate to
ave a broad, fullguarantee. Yourun norisk. With this onesplendid combination all the work for the garden can be well
one, except the original deep spring plowing.

Sold direct from the factory and shipped set up, ready for use. Weight, packed, 90 pounds. Write for catalogue.

THE OHIO IMPLEMENT CO., Department A, Bowling Green, Ohio

~ <r

~~ wn»

te

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

{Farliest Sweetest Best

This remarkably early Sweet Corn is |
ready for use ten days to two weeks before
any other variety. Notonly isit early, but it

Fs}is the sweetest

)}and most_pro-
ductive of all
Sweet Corn,
early or late.
Such a corn is

NORTHRUP,
KING & CO’S

SWEET CORN

If you plant this
corn this season
you will raise it
every year. No gar-
den is complete See

10c; *
pint, 20c; quart, 35c, by
mail postpaid.

With all orders we willalso
send our large 1908 catalog free.

NORTHRUP, KING & CO.,
SEEDSMEN,
140 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.

ELLEN GLASGOW’S BOOKS

The Ancient Law. 1.50
The Wheel of Life. $1.50
The Deliverance. $1.50
The Voice of the People.
The Battle-ground. $1.50
The Freeman and Other Poems. Net, $1.50

Postage, 5 cents. Published by

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

$1.50

FOR ENSILAGE

Plant Eureka Corn

This famous variety has been the one safe
standby for nearly twenty years. It’s better than
ever this year, and we offer our limited stock
at the usual price. Other varieties have gone up
in price, yetare known to be lower than usual in

(\ N germinating value.

} 64 TONS PER ACRE

Mas = That’s what Eureka Seed has produced for

gam others and will produce for you. It grows
from 14 to 20 feet high, is short jointed, heavily
leaved and heavily eared.

Get the Genuine. We contro] all the gen-
uine Eureka seed. Stock is limited and demand
is greater than ever. Order early or you’ll be
disappointed. Send your nameand address for a
free copy of our large new catalogue of Farm
Machinery, Implements, Tools, etc. Address,
ROSS BROS. CO., Worcester, Mass.

Die in open air
seeking water

Has cleaned out the worst
infested “‘rat-holes.”’ Rats
and mice leave choic-
est food and grain for
it. Dry, clean;

never leaves
a mark,

Bis-Kit

“Gets them all”’
AT DRUGGISTS
15 Cts. a Box

If yours hasn’t it, send
- us 25c. for one box or
= 6oc. for three boxes,ex-
press prepaid. Alsoask
yourdruggistfor Yankee
Roach Powder or send us
25c., we'll mail direct
to you. ‘‘Never fails.”
THE RAT BISCUIT CO.
17 N. Limestone St.
Springfield, 0.

Packed in boxes. ready for use.
EERE LIS e 2,

4
~

ApRiz, 1908 THE

FORCE YOUR
VEGETABLES, ROSE
BUSHES and FLOWERS

By the Use of the
Great Discovery

“BONORA”

Considered the greatest achieve-
ment of modern science. Read
what the greatest Rose Grower
of America says:

The Leading Rose Growers of America
Owners of Seventy Greenhouses

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO.
West Grove, Pa., Feb. 29, ’08

Bonora Chemical Co.
Gentlemen:—

In reply to your kind favor of the 28th beg
to say we are very much pleased to know that
you have sent us the 15,000 circulars, and
that they will reach us about Tuesday. You
can forward the balance of 10,000 at your
earliest convenience, as we are mailing our
books to inquiries at the rate of 300 to 500
a day, so you will have ample time to send
the additional 10,000 to us.

We have used “‘BONORA”’ in our Green-
houses, and have had the bery best of satis-
faction.

Very truly yours,

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO.

“BONORA” will make vegetable growing,
rose growing and all plant life thrive as if in
the Tropics. “BONORA” will have beans
on your table every thirty days. it will make
your lettuce sweet and tender and your flow-
ers bloom in luxuriant profusion. Highly en-
dorsed by Luther Burbank, Eben Rexford,
H. B. Fullerton and thousands of amateur
horticulturists.

Ask your dealer for it or order direct

Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows:
1 Ib. % 28 gallons, postpaid .65
5 lbs. ss 140 e $2.50
10 lbs. ¥ 288 e 4.75

Bonora Chemical Co.

488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome St.,New York

Country Homes Everywhere

Can be sold through
Country Life in America.

Write to the Manager of the
Country Real Estate Department.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St., New York

Full ounce packet ‘‘Prize’’ mixture Sweet Peas
for 10 cents together with our 1908 Catalogue of

SEEDS, PLANTS, BULBS. Dahlias a Speciality. |
|

MILLS @ CO.

DAHLIA S

Novelties and Standard Varieties

Our Leaders—RUTH FORBES and NEWPORT

Mamaroneck, N. Y.

Send for free catalogue

WILLIAM F. TURNER & COMPANY

New Bedford - Mass.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

’

Wild gardens have a charm of their own
Lhe Readers’ Service will help you pian one.

oe

ade HS 3,

Perfect Water Supply Service For
Your Country or Suburban Home

yeu can have a thoroughly efficient water service in your home—service equal to
that offered by the best city water supply. You can have an abundant supply
of water delivered under strong pressure to the bathroom, kitchen, bedrooms, laundry,

lawn, garden, barn—anywhere.

This service and first class fire protection will be yours, if you install

The Kewanee System of Water Supply

With the Kewanee System there is no elevated or
attic tank to leak, freeze, overflow or collapse. Ine
stead, a Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is placed in the
cellar, buried in the ground or located in a special
pump house.

The Kewanee Tank rests on solid ground where
itcan donodamage. It is protected from all ex-
tremes in weather, assuring a fresh, usable supply
of water during all seasons. It is made of steel
plates so that it will last almost indefinitely.

The water from your own well is pumped into the
Kewanee Tank by means of hand pump, windmill,
gas engine or other good method adapted to the
local conditions. Pumping the water creates air
pressure in the tank ; and then the water is deliver-

ed to all fixtures and hydrants. 40 pounds is a good
average pressure in the Kewanee System, which is
equal to the pressure from an elevated tank 93 feet
high.

And we furnish complete water supply plants—
tank, pumping outfit, valves, gauges, connections
and all.

Over 8,000 Kewanee Systems in successful opera-
tion, providing water for country and suburban
homes, clubs, hotels, schools, apartment buildings,
public and private institutions and towns.

Our engineering service is free. Nocharge for
specifications an estimates. Everything fully guar-
anteed—a guarantee that protects you.

Write for our 64-page illustrated catalog. Please
mention this publication and ask for catalog No. 16,

Kewanee Water Supply Company,

Kewanee, Illinois.

32 Broadway, New York City.

820 Marquette Building, Chicago.
404 Equitable Building, Baltimore.
710 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg.

‘A Kalamazoo

Direct to You

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

We have more than 100,000 satisfied customers in more than 17,000 Cities, villages and towns in
the United States who have each saved from $5 to $40 by buyinga Kalamazoo stove or range on

360 DAYS APPROVAL

direct from our factory at actual factory prices. No stove or range has a higher reputation
You run no risk. You save all dealers’ profits. We

Send Postal For Catalog No. 474

or gives better satisfaction.
pay the freight.

and see list of towns where we have satisfied customers.

KALAMAZOO STOVE COMPANY, MERS., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

Our patent oven thermometer makes baking and

roasting easy.

128

Are you going to refurnish a room?
Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

5 in. size

CANDLE-
STICK

new - JAPANA”

(Patented)

in silver or brass is the latest addition to the already well
known line of ‘‘Japana’’ Specialties and fits into any of
the ‘‘Japana’’ Cut Flower Holders or ‘‘,Anglais’’ Table
Decoration by means of athread and screw. The “Japana”
Candle Stick used in alternate units of the “Anglais” Table
Decoration gives a unique and extremely pleasing light-
ing and floral decoration.

The “ Anglais’ Table Decoration is formed
from two low glass vases—one rectangular and
One crescent in form, each piece containing a
“Japana”’ flower holder. Six crescents make a

circle. Address

M. V. Garnsey

A129 Waiola Avenue, La Grange, Ill.

(Patented)

5 in. size
in use

me

sin. Plate Silver ‘‘Japana”’
Candles<‘ick and 3) in.

The “Japana’”’ silver plated
Candlestick with German
Silver shade—glassvase—can-

Daffodils-Narcissus, and How to Grow Them.
By A. M. Kirby. Doubleday, Page & Company, New
York, 1907; pp. 223, 32 illustrations. Price, $1.10 net.

This book sets an entirely new standard
in garden books. It is indeed the first work
that is a masterful presentation of an entire
family from our own viewpoint, and is based
on actual experience.

““JAPANA”’ at $1.35. 7 in,
Candlestick at $1.55,

Note: The “‘ Japana’’isasolid
piece of glass full of holes,
allowing a perfect circulation
for water and holding the
flowers in their natural posi-

dle lamp, mica—silk lining to
fit7in. stick complete, $4.80
Same to fits in. stick, $3.90

Fruit Recipes, By Mrs. Riley M. Fletcher Berry.
Doubleday, Page & Company, New York, 1907; pp. 350,
Sate callin of laine Cosi 32 pages of illustrations. Price, $1.50 net. :

Anglais, Units, each, $ .75 This book will be appreciated as a help
4%in.Japana =“ 5° | to the better enjoyment of what the good

* os ¢ 1 in. fe sc . s »
tion (the Jeunes Ble e “ ae aa « ‘3 | earth may yield. It gives nearly a thousand
. Bei pi : bay : ; ; F
Bae, a ineot elise, (ie The ANGLAIS Table Decoration Fie See SHS, 125 | Ways for using fruits as food or drinks;
An Oval Arrangement of Eight Sections, $6.00 0 ae e 1.00 | and perhaps a few wholesome lessons

water.

learned from a perusal of its pages and
put into practice would make many of us
better men or women.

Nature’s Own Gardens. By Maud U. Clarke.
E. P. Dutton & Company, New York, 19073; pp. 273, 50
full page color plates. Price, $6.00 net.

This is a beautiful book with handsome
colored plates, but is only of academic
interest to the American reader so far as
the text is concerned, because it deals with
wild flowers of England. Still, no one can
fail to derive pleasure and satisfaction from
a glance through the fifty plates in colors,
for they reflect in a remarkable degree the
atmosphere of the field.

Fo FREE TRIAL
NO MONEY IN ADVANCE — gry, 1 pays ouct he cae rest

and 6 rows at a time. Man-power and Horse-power. High pressure and perfect agitation. Vapor
spray stops Blight, Scab, Rot, and Bugs. Brass valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Guaran-
teed 5 Years. Wholesale prices (where no agt.) We pay freight. Write for our free Spraying
Guide, Catalog, and Free Sprayer offer. H. L. HURST MFG. CO., 99 North St., Canton, Ohio

HURST POTATO SPRAYERS

Gs Ags :
FOR MAN-POWER

One Dollar Value for 25 Cts.
Ps Green’s Sample Offer

We offer you one Elberta Peach Tree, one Red Cross Currant
Bush, one C. A. Green New White Grape Vine, and two Live-For-
ever Rose Bushes all delivered to your house by mail for 25 cents,
or two of these collections for 50 cents, or four of these collections
for $1.00.

Everything you want for Orchard, Garden, Lawn, or Park. Send
Y today for Green’s Dollar Book on Fruit Growing, also for our Fruit Catalogue. and a copy of
Green’s Fruit Magazine, all a gift to you if you mention this paper.

S NURSERY COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Box 145

FOR HORSE-POWER

How to Lay Out Suburban Grounds. By Herbert
J. Kellaway. John Wiley & Sons, New York., 1g07. 38 half-
illustrattons and 15 diagrams. Price $2.v0.

This is a good example of how to make
a pleasant subject hard. The book is full of
useful details but it is written in a dry and
professional manner calculated to make the
average person give up the whole subject
in despair and employ a landscape architect
to grapple with this apparently hopeless
maze of technicalities. None of the plans
show lots of ordinary sizes or shapes and
most of the illustrations are not particularly
beautiful or convincing. However, the
author evidently knows his subject.

Mosses and Lichens. By Nina L. Marshall.

Doubleday, Page & Company, New York, 1007; pp. 400,
32 pages half-tones, 16 color plates, 1,445 line drawings.
Price, $4.00 net.

This, the latest addition to the Nature
Library Series, is a fit companion to its
predecessors. In it we find that rare combi-
nation of scientific accuracy and a fascinating
presentation of the facts. Abounding with
illustrations in the text and supplemented
by several plates in color, this volume cannot
fail to aid in the popular appreciation of a
class of plants that are practically unknown
by many who are otherwise competent
field botanists. These little plants abound
everywhere, and there is thus opened up
one of the richest fields of nature study.

GREEN’

Rhode Island Reds

White, Buff, Barred and Black Rocks; White?
Golden, Silver and Buff Wyandottes; Brown,
Buff and White Legnorns; Light Brahmas,
Black Minorcas and Black Javas.

Hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For
BIRDS (moderate prices) or “EGGS to
HATCH ” at ten cents each, write for circular.

WALTER SHERMAN, Meadowslope, NEWPORT, R. I.

WHITE ROCKS

Winners at Madison Square Garden, Pittsburg, Hartford,
Newark, Allentown, Lititz, Wilkesbarre.

Eggs for Hatching
RED HILL FARM

162 Henderson Road

Bridgeport, Pa.

HIS CHEST is an ideal wedding or birthday gift,

such a work of art and such a jewel of utility that it

becomes a cherished heirloom in every family. It is an

elegant piece of furniture heavily bound with copper,

studded with copper nails; of dull, natural finish, built of

# inch fragrant red cedar, furnished with tray, and guar-

anteed moth proof. However, this is but one of the many

beautiful styles of chests and couches we make, shipping

Ae 8 direct from factory to homes for free examination. If not
( be aah entirely satisfactory, we pay freight both ways.
i

Write at once for illustrations, prices, etc., care of Dept. L

| PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Statesville, N.C.

PROOF” CEDAR CHEST

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

\ gery
The Readers’ Service will put you
in touch with reliable nurserymen 129

Poultry. Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs,
poultry and live stock will be gladly given.

Ad-

dress INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

S EGGS—EGGS

As an inducement to secure new customers [ will
sell eggs this spring at the following low prices :

a Per Setting Per Setting
Buff P. Rocks . . 13 $1.00 R.I. Reds. . . 15 $2.00
_ Barred P. Rocks . 13 1.co Columbian W’d’s . 15 2.00
“White P. Rocks . 13 1.00 Partridge W’d’s I5 2.00
‘S.Wyandottes . . 13 1.00 S. C. B. Orpingtons 15 2.00
“W.Wyandottes. . 13 1.00 S. C. B’k Orpingtons 15 2.00
‘Buff Leghorns . . 13 1.00 R.C.B. Orpingtons 15 2.00
_§.C.W.and B. L’g’ns 13 ‘1.00 S.C. W. Orpingtons 15 2.00
R.C.B. Leghorns 13 1.00 R. C. W. Orpingtons 13 2.00
Black Minorcas I3 1.00 R. C. B’k Orpingtons 13 2.00
S.C. Buff Orpington Eggs, $3 for 30; $8 for 100; R. C. Buff, Black,
White and S. C. White Orpington Eggs, $3 for 26; $rofor1too. All
other eggs, $6 per 100. Forty years among poultry and now have

_ the largest and best equipped Poultry establishments in America.
CIRCULAR FREE

Lewis C. Beatty, | Box1z4 —- Washington, N. J.

hv

H ABSORBIN

; will reduce inilamed. swollen Joints, Bruises, Soft
5 Bunches, Cure Boils, Fistula, or any unhealthy sore

quickly ; pleasant to use; does not blister under
bandage or remove the hair, and you can work
the horse. $2.00 per bottle, express prepaid.
Book 7-C free.

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind, $1.00 per
bottle. Cures Varicose Veins, Strains, Bruises,
> stops Pain and Inflammation.

33 W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F.
Salo 152 Monmouth Street Springfield, Mass.

CHAIN
wancing S1ANCHION
Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testined toits _
simplicity, completeness and durability,
among them Ex-Goyernor Hourd of Wiscon- |
sin and I. 8k. Calvin, Vice-President State
Dairymen’s Association, Kewanee, Ind. The
latter says: ‘*I think them perfect.”” The
purchaser takes no risk, as the Stanchions
are shipped subject to 30 days’ trial in your
own stable. Send for descriptive pamphlet.

W.B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

PEDIGREE PIGEONS

| Red and Yellow Carneaux, White Kings. Swiss [Mon=
1 daines, White Runts, [laltese Hens

The best breeds for large heavy squabs and lots of them. Also
thé beauties of pigeon kind. The Carneau is rapidly replacing
the Homer pigeon and outranks itinevery respect. Small lofts.
Great care used in selecting from choice stock. Illustrated cata-
logue, price list and instruction to breeders free.

ROYAL PIGEON LOFTS, Box 258, Slatington, Pa.

ALDORO FARM, ROSSTON, PA.

BERKSHIRES: Atthe recent Ohio, Wis., and Illinois
State Fairs, and at the great Inter-state live stock and
horse show, at St. Joseph, Mo., our Berkshires won 10
championships and every grand Championship—a record
never before equalled by any exhibitor. Wealso won the
Farm—Home Grand Champion Cup for the largest and
best exhibit of Berkshires made in 1907 by any breeder in
America.

We have over roo sows in the breeding herd, and we can
supply any number of animals of the quality which has
made this herd famous.

LARGE YORKSHIRES: We have aselect herd of
this valuable breed of swine and can quote attractive
prices.

GUERNSEY CATTLE: A few bull calves of excel-
lent breeding at reasonable prices.

We solicit inquiries, and take pleasure in describing
our offering.

LAWN FERTILIZER

S HEEP MANURE is unequalled for top dressing the lawn
in the Spring. It makes a complete fertilizer and is
specially rich in nitrogen. Spread on evenly the Spring rains
will wash in the fertilizing elements ready for the young roots
immediately growth starts. There is no danger of carrying
in weed seeds if sheep manure is used.
It is also excellent for fertilizing the

VEGETABLE GARDEN AND ORCHARD

promoting a steady, rapid growth. It is non-odorous, is
cleaner, and richer than stable manure.

10 Ibs. $ 55 100 lbs. J 1.50
J5O Ibs. 1.00 Per ton 25.00
CAIRNSMUIR FARM, NEW CITY, N. Y.

THE CROWN
BONE CUTTER

for the poultryman. Cuts green bone and
offals from the table, vegetables, etc. Also
WILSON’S Family Grist [ill for
grinding fine corn meal and grain for
table use. Turns easy. A sample of
meal and catalogue sent free.

WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa.

Bees

Have you ever thought of keeping bees?
This is an interesting and _ profitable
pursuit. All gardens and orchids should
have bees, to give the best results. We
would be pleased to quote you on a
small Apiary. We have 700 colonies of
bees, make a practical business of it, and
would assist you to do the same.

I. J. STRINGHAM
105 Park Pl, N. Y. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I.

No crowding nor over-heating; even
temperature no matter how cold outside; cuts
oil-consumption half to one-third ; absolutely safe from
fire: hot wa er and air systems combined, giving healthful

ventilation. WIGWARM BROODERS

are honestly built; don’t twist out of shape
can’t leak; easily moved on runners, well
painted, and entirely guaranteed. Money
gladly given back if you’re not satisfied.
Illustrated catalog free. Send now for it.

E.F.HODGSON, Box 35, Dover, Mass.

Mated pair

billing, or { AB BOOK
kissing. FREE
From eggs =

to squabs Send for our handsome 1908 Free Book,
in 4 telling how to make money breeding squabs.
week We were first; our birds are largest and

outsell all others. Our methods are

Sy widely copied. piymonth Rock Squab
Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

of what our customers think of the Reliable.

INCUBATORS
& BROODERS

The fact that we have the largest and most com-
plete incubator and poultry supply house in the world is evidence
An easier to run—simpler—more successful
hatcher can’t be found. Write for our new big poultry book that tells interesting tacts
It’s brimful of profit for both the inexperienced and ex-

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

For a short time we will I N CU BATO R
ship, freight paid, a “2
100-ege special-style ‘‘United’’ Incubator to any point
east of the Mississippi River for $12.50— -
freight to River allowed on orders }
100 EGG
SPECIAL

west. This is a high-grade machine
with all the latest improvements,
and is shipped complete, readv

to run. Send money today, or
write for free Catalog X.
Dept. 101
UNITED INCUBATOR & POULTRY
SUPPLY MFG. CO.

- 26-28 Vesey Street, | New York City

It’s mainly a matter of careand feed. Keep them from getting
chilled. Feed Chick Manna first for few weeks; then ** Vigor ”?
Foods to make early broilers, roasters and breeders.

We sell the standard poultry feeds, remedies. Chas. A. Cyphers Co.’s
New Model Incuvators, Brooders, Portable Colony Houses, roofing
materials and all kinds of poultry supplies. Write for illustrated
Pouliry Supply Book—free. Let me solve your poultry problems.

STOKES’ SEED STORE, Dept. W, 219 Market St., Philadelphia.

Large English Berkshires
Size, with quality and early maturity

We have never bred a cross animal
nor have we ever had a sow molest her
| pigs. Our sows are prolific and tractable.

Breeding herd of 150 to select from.

Both English and American breeding
and only the most desirable strains.
Write us your wants. We willbe pleased
4 to descrilie stock and furnish pedigree,
whether you are ready to buy or not.

H.C.&H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N.Y.

Our

Book SUCCeSSful Poultry Culture

Is a new poultry book especially designed for the beginner. Con-
tains 128 pages, 30 handsome illustrations of fowls and plans of
poultry houses. Chapters on Profits in Poultry Culture; Advice to
Beginners; Poultry on the Farm; How to Succeed ona Small City
Lot, and with a Large Market Plant; How to Make Hens Lay Eggs
in Winter; How to Feed and Raise Young Chickens; Success with
Incubators and Brocders; How to Cure Diseases; How to Build
Poultry Houses, and many other valuable chapters

It tells how to save three-fourths the feed bill, the
greatest and most valuable discovery made in the 2oth century.

Price $J.00, and if you are not satisfied we will return your
money. Recorder Pub. Co., 427 Caxton Bldg., Chicago

RAISE CHICKENS
FOR PROFIT

Johnson, the Incubator man, has started thousands
of beginners. His Famous Old Trusiy Ineubator
is surestand simplest. Runsitselfand pays for itself.
Sold direct on 40 days’ trial. Freight Prepaid Send
for his free poultry book. It will make you money.
Mw. MW. JOHNSON, Clay Center, Neb.

etc., can’t reach her nor chicks.

jn 10 minutes. Costs $3. Discount in quantity.

and Brood Coops.

JET BIDDY SIT IN QUIET-COMFORT

She’ll break fewer eggs, hatch more chicks. In this coop rats, skunks, hawks
Covers 20x48 inches, and 24 in. high.
brood have large exercise-run; her food is outside where she can’t foul it. It is
storm-proof, can be used outdoors, is movable, weighs 30 pounds. Can be set up
Catalog free. There’ll be moreg money
in your pocket, more chicks in the yard, if you'll order Wigwarm Setting
E. F. HODGSON, Box 34, Dover, ‘lass.

: WIGWARM SEVriNte
AND BROOD COOP

~

Hen an

6

"THOUSANDS of people buy shingles for their
roofs rather than face the prospect of paint-
ing a ready roofing every year or two.

Shingles are expensive, but they are actually
cheaper during ten years than a ready roofing
which needs frequent painting to keep it free
from leaks.

Amatite roofing costs less than half as much
as shingles and does not need painting either.
It is easier to lay and will give years of long
hard service without any care.

Amatite has a real mineral surface. That’s
why it needs no painting. Once laid on your
roof your building has real protection.

Amatite is easier to lay than ever this year.
The liquid cement for the laps does not require
heating before use. A three-inch smooth mar-

Ifyou are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can give you helpjul suggestions

\ reason to use |
with ho» \=

Better Than Shingles

There is no

SEs hingles

gin is left at the edge of the sheet so that the
‘laps will be tight fitting and easily cemented.
The large headed nails which we furnish save
fussing with caps, which rust easily.

Amatite is up to date.

FREE SAMPLE

We should like to send you a Free Sample
of Amatite and illustrated Booklet telling all
about it. Write to-day to our nearest office and
you will learn something to your advantage.

Barrett Manufacturing Company

New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cleveland,
Allegheny, Cincinnati, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New
Orleans, Boston, London, Eng.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

HAS MADE SPRAYING EASY. Pi ¥ineeFo="

The N. Y. Herald, November 17, ’07, says: ‘‘The chances are about a hundred to one that you have the
San Jose Scale on your place and do pot know it”? and advises the use of ‘““SCALECIDE.” This is
good advice. ‘“‘SCALECIDE”’ has been tested and tried and found thoroughly effective. The same yes-
terday, to-day and all the time. One gallon makes 15 or 20 ready to use by simply adding water.

Prices: 1 gal , $1.00; 5 gal., $3.25: 50 gal., $6.00; 50 gal. bbl., $25.00, F. O. B. our factory. Order to-day.

Write for booklet 1, and free sample.

B. G. PRATT COMPANY, Mfg. Chemists, 11 Broadway, N. Y. City.

APRIL, 1908

THE CLEMATIS DISEASE

G. G. S., Penna.— The wilting above ground of your
Clematis ‘fackmani is probably due to a rupture of the bark
when the stem was quite young and tender. Try this
experiment: Cut down below the surface of the ground
and divide the root into two sections, allowing the two
shoots, which will then appear from the roots, to grow.
Try hilling up around the base of the stem with pure sand.
This method of control was discussed in THe GARDEN |
Macazine for December, 1906.

PERENNIALS FROM SEED

L. J. E., Wis.—Hollyhocks, larkspur, and Sweet William
will bloom the first year from seed. The columbine, also,
sometimes flowers the first year if the seeds are sown in
a coldframe in March. If you have no coldframe, the
best time to sow the seed of perennials would be in July. |
These will come up in a few weeks and will need to |
be transplanted, either to the permanent place where they
are to flower, or else to nursery rows. To protect them
during the winter, give a light mulch of leaves from hard- |
wooded trees like the maple. If the sparrows bother you, |
cover your seed bed with chicken wire, putting it a few
inches above the soil.

ANNUALS FREE FROM INSECTS

W. A., Penna.— For freedom from insects and freedom |
of flower when planted in the open ground, any of the
following will give satisfaction: Ageratum, alyssum, antir-
rhinum, balsam (lady slippers), Browallia, calliopsis, cen-
taurea, cockscomb, datura, Eschscholtzia, Euphorbia, |
geranium, gypsophila, Hunnemannia, linaria, marigold,
four o’clock, mignonette, pansy, petunia, poppy, salvia,
verbena, and ten weeks’ stock. Nearly all of these are
subject to green fly or aphis when grown as pot plants in
the house, but are free from insects when grown in the open |
air and full sunshine. Marigolds and poppies are prob- |
ably the most nearly immune from all insects.—E. D. D. |

MILDEW DISEASE OF PHLOX

D. W. D., Toronto.— The mildew disease on the phlox |
is due to a fungus which grows on the surface of the leaves |
and can becontrolled, where there is free circulation of
air and not an undue amount of atmospheric moisture, |
by flowers of sulphur dusted on the foliage. The phlox
likes a rich, moist soil, but it can hardly be said that the
soil has an influence on the appearance of the mildew.
Certain varieties are certainly more susceptible than
others. Kerosene emulsion applied early wi!l control the
mildew, and a spray of sulphide of potassium, using one
ounce to three gallons of water, is also a good remedy.
There are other diseases of the phlox which may affect the
leaves at the same time as the mildew, and which can only
be controlled by means of Bordeaux mixture.

VINES FOR THE PORCH

e e
Aquilegia Rose Queen
The most beautiful Columbine known. Blooms first season from . h Baan
seed. Velvety rose with white center and golden yellow anthers. | ©? 0c 8rowWn On potches are woo ine (Ampelopsis quin-

A marvel of colors. This is only one of the SIX Flower Novelties we quefolia), trumpet vine (Tecoma radicans), Dutchman’s |

offer in the March number, Page 170, of the Garden Magazine. Our pipe (Aristolochia Sipho) and kudzu vine (Pueraria Thun-
offer holds good for April. bergiana). The trumpet vine is liable to get into the

O joints of your house and force it apart, so you can do as
A Special Offer you wish about planting it. It has very pretty red trumpet-
To anyone sending $1.00 for our ‘‘Hardy Lily collection,’’ page 189,

F. W., Ill.— Some of the stronger growing vines which |

shaped flowers. Other vines are Actinidia arguta, with |
this issue, and adding 50c., we will send our SIX Seed Novelties of | white flowers; bitter sweet (Celastrus scandens), which has |
1908 for the Flower Garden. beautiful clusters of orange colored fruit; Clematis pant- |

Result: A mass of beautiful Flowers all through season till late frosts. | culata and C. Virginiana are two very beautiful vines which

Our Catalogue of Vegetable, flower seeds, produce a profusion of white flowers; Clematis Fackmani, |
bulbs, and plants free. Send for it. velvety purple with a central tuft of pale green stamens; |

Akebia quinata, which has chocolate-colored flowers; and |
H. H. BERGER & CO.

Wisteria Sinensis, having large, pendant cone-shaped |
70 Warren Street clusters of purple, pea-shaped flowers.

NEW YORK.

1908

APRIL,

Have a new way of manufacturing and
selling house paint that’s unique—
that’s better.

Before my plan Paint was sold in two
ways—either ready-made—or mixed by a
local painter.

Both these ways are at fault.

Ready-Made Paint settles hard in cans
—and mineral pigments and chemical act-
ing driers in ready-made paint eat the life
out of Linseed Oil—which is the life of

FAG all paint.

St. Louis. Mo, Painter-Made Paint can never be prop-
erly made by a painter—because of lack of heavy mixing and
_@ grinding machinery.

‘

LONG

isranrp ASPARAGUS

The Asparagus for which Long Island is famous is the French

_ Argenteuil strain modified by local influences of soil and climate.

_ 3-year-old roots of this well tried, superior variety $1.00 per 100;
4ofor 50c. Directions for cultivation by the Long Island Method
sent with each order. Send to-day for our 1908 catalog which con-
tains our $45 FREE Prize Offers.

BINGHAMTON SEED CO.
100 Court Street Binghamton, N. Y.

WANTED.

On a private place twenty miles from New
“York an assistant gardener. Must have full
knowledge cf growing and care of flowers.
Address by letter only, stating age and nation-
ality, Mr. Hugh Hill, 71 Pine St., N. Y.

UPERB DAHLIAS

1 Grand Prize—St. Louis. Gold Medal—Buffalo.
®

.. Highest Possible Honor at Both Expositions.
¢ 20 kinds (my selection) $1.00, Catalogue.

ou. F. BURT, %& TAUNTON, MASS.
j

For the Home Fruit Garden

re OUR CATALOGUE CONTAINS MANY USEFUL
4 COLLECTIONS OF FRUIT, PLANTS, TREES,
tl VINES, etc., as wellas GARDEN ROOTS and VEG-
i ETABLE PLANTS. All plants are NORTHERN

grown and are first class in every respect. Catalogue free.

Wilfrid Wheeler 80x70 Concord, Mass.
z

BEAUTIFUL GLADIOLUS

Are you a lover

of flowers ? I am, and I want every
one to haveplenty. If you wish, I
will mail you free some of my beau-
tiful Gladiolus Bulbs. They will
grow anywhere and bloom for any-
one. Mailing expense about 5 cents,
which send or not as you please.

FIELD'S
NEW SEED BOOK

willbe sent to you, It is full of practi-
cal and interesting Seed Talk. I ought
to know for I wrcte itmyself. It tells
you just what you want to know about
Flowers and Farm and Garden Seeds. It
tells how I test seeds and guarantee them
to ‘“‘make good.’”’ Write TODAY be-
fore the bulbs and the books are all gone,
dress,

HENRY FIELD SEED CO.
Shenandoah, lowa

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

131

My Paint is ready to use—but not ready-made. My Paint is
made to order—after the order is received—packed in hermeti-
cally sealed cans—(extra size to insure a full gallon) and dated
the day the Paint is made.

Pure Linseed Oil and pure, fresh paint ingredients are used in
my Paint. Such materials, founa at local stores, are usually adul-
terated.

I sell my paint direct from factory to user—at very low fac-
tory prices,

I pay freight on six-gallon orders or over.

When the order of six gallons or over is received, use two full
gallons to test it—and if you are not perfectly satisfied, in every
particular, return the balance of the order to me—and the two gal-
lons you have used shan’t cost you a penny.

No other paintmaker offers such a liberal proposition. My

O, L. Chase, the Paintman, Dept. #7, St, Louts, Missouri

I Am the Paint Man

2 Full Gallons Free to Try—3 Months Time to Pay
Sou Pay No Freight to Try My Paint

Paint is sold to responsible people on three months time, if desired.
I make three brands of Paint to suit the requirements of my im-
mense trade.

My strictly Pure All White Lead Paint is absolutely the best
paint in the world. My 40-60 Brand Zinc and Lead Paint is the
best paint inits class on the market. My Durability Paint has an
immense sale everywhere, and is sold under five-year iron-clad
guarantee. The Purity of my Paintis guaranteed under a forfeit
of $100.00 in gold.

Send for my beautiful Paint
to select _from—best
They are FREE.

Book and big Color
Book—largest Cards ever
With the Paint Book I send Free Book
of all kinds of Painters’ Supplies, sold at Direct-to-you
Prices. Write TODAY. My Plan insures you satisfaction and
lowest prices on paint.

Cards
published.

Going to Build ?
What about Heating ?

gine is just one right way to warm a nouse and
that is with fresh air direct from out-of-doors,
warmed to the correct temperature and then
FORCED to every room in the building.

The KELSEY Warm Air Generator with the ZIG-

ZAG Heat Tubes is the only warm air heater
that will accomplish these results under all conditions
qin KELSEY has double the weight and heat-

ing surfaces of the ordinary furnace, warmsair by
a better method and saves 20 to 30 per cent in fuel.

THE ZIG-ZAG Heat Tubes do it

Send for Booklet about the KELSEY and 112-page book
of Opinions with pictures of 250 KELSEY Heated Homes
KELSEY HEATING CO.

Main Office, 203 Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y.
154 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. City

Time to decide what to plant—
where to buy.

“@ Little Book
About Roses”

(free) is the most unique, beautiful and helpful
Rose catalogue yet published. (See full page
ad. on first page March Garden Magazine.)

Clarksburg, W’.Va.,
Feb. 27, 1908.

“I have taken the keenest pleasure in studying your booklet
and making out this order. The wonderful success that I
have had with your roses the last two years leads me to the
coming season with great enthusiasm.”’

E. B. FEWETT.

GEORGE H. PETERSON

ROSE AND PEONY Box55, FAIR LAWN
SPECIALIST. N. J.

FRUITS,

Big variety to select from.

agus, etc.

Set i

Real Old F ey

Garden Collection No. 6

bells, 2 Dbl. Buttercups, 4 Sweet Williams, 2 Oriental Poppy, 2 Day Lilies, 2 Primroses, 2 Candytuft, 4 Gaillardia, 2 Bleeding-

heart, 4 English Daisy, 4 Chrysanthemums, 4 Asters—All hardy blooming size, best varieties.

Other Collections Costing $1.00 and up.

HARDY
FLOWERS, TREES

Z I carry every kind of nursery stock.
trees, small fruits, evergreens, fruit trees, hedges, bulbs, roses, flowering bushes, aspar-
All are hardy, strong plants, full of growing life and natural vigor. I have
everything needed for the garden, tools, spray pumps, mixtures, etc. Write for free
spraying guide and handsome catalog. Doit now.

Gardens _ that
contains 6 Phlox, 4 Hollyhocks, 6 Forget-me-nots, 4 Iris, 2 Paeonias, 2 Anem-
ones, 4 Foxgloves, 2 Russian Violets, 2 Columbine, 2 Larkspur, 4 Pinks, 2 Blue-

Ornamental

A. J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

Bloom ; all Summer

Price $5.00.

Planting Instructions and Designs Furnished.

We Grow Everything Required for Garden, Lawn, and Landscape Planting.

Write us and secure our Large Mlustrated Catalog Free.

The New England Nurseries, Inc.

Bedford, Mass. :

132

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

Why Waste Time
and Labor?

trimming and edging a lawn
or garden with back-break-
ing shears, clippers and
edging tools, when the

Capitol Lawn Trim-
mer and Edger

will do the work much bet-
ter, easier, and in a fraction
of the time. Saves its cost
in less than a season. An
absolute necessity for lawn
gardens, parks, and ceme-
teries. If your dealer does
not handle it, write us for
Catalog “C.” Don’t putit off.

The Granite State Mowing
Machine Co.,

Hinsdale, N. H.

Sweet Corn|

If you intend to have a vegetable garden next sum-
mer and would like to raise the most delicious corn
ever grown, you need not plant any variety other
than Ordway’s Golden, because it possesses all the
qualities of the ideal, being early. tender juicy and
Sweet.

In order to obtain the best results it becomes

necessary to use the best seed, therefore order that

which is pure and carefully selected. It will be
sent by return mail at the following prices:

Trial packet containing enough seed to plant 35 hills, roc
Half-pint 20c. Pint 35c. Quart 65c.

0. P. ORDWAY Saxonville, Mass.

VINES FOR VERANDAS

C. E. G., Ont.— Some of the best vines for a house or
veranda in your locality would be the Virginia creeper
(Ampelopsis quinquefolia), virgin’s bower (Clematis Vir-
giniana) and Dutchman’s pipe (Aristolochia Sipho). The
scarlet trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) also
does well.

HOW TO GROW MOSS PINK

R. J. W., Ont.— The moss pink (Phlox subulata)
should prove hardy with you. .t does not need protection,
but it will be advantageous to scatter some strawy manure
over it each winter. You will find that it will lose its
beautiful green color in late summer or early fall and as-
sume a rather rusty color. Plant it in the spring as soon
as the ground can be worked and buy pot-grown plants
to imsure success. Field-grown plants are much more

liable to die when being shipped.

BOOK ON PERENNIAL FLOWERS

G. R., New York.— The only book I know of that is
entirely devoted to perennial flowers and still procurable
is “Hardy Perennials and Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers”
by John Wood, published by Gill of London and imported
by Messrs. Charles Scribners’s Sons, New York, price $1.40.
The book measures 4% x 74 inches, has 330 pages and 112
line engravings. The cultural information is not always
applicable to America, as the author was an English nur-
seryman, but it is very interesting, telling many simple
but ingenious ways of multiplying plants.

CLIMBING FERNS FROM SPORES

J. T. W., N. J.— The climbing fern (Lygodium palma-
tum) is easily propagated by division if old plants are
obtainable, or by spores sown in midsummer in a shallow
pan filled with peat loam, and sand in equal parts. The
pan should not be filled quite full, for it is necessary to
cover it with a pane of glass to keep the surface uniformly _
moist, but this must be removed once or twice a day and.
the collected moisture drained off. Set the pan in a saucer
filled with water; this is all the watering that will be neces-
sary until the young ferns appear, when they can be liberally
sprayed with water which has been filtered through char-
coal. It is better that all water used in the germination
of fern spores be filtered. When the young plants have
taken root and the prothallus nearly gone transplant them
into pots or boxes.

HOW TO GROW WATERCRESS
S. H. C., W. Va.— Nothing is simpler than growing water-

| cress, provided you have the water facilities. The ideal

situation is a stretch of level land that can be flooded at pleas-
ure, or which is usually flooded but from which the water
can be diverted at pleasure. It will not grow well in partially
stagnant water. Watercress demands clean, slow and con-
stantly moving water—not by any means stagnant — and it
only needs half an inch or an inch of depth. All that is neces-
sary to start the beds is to set out cuttings, perhaps weight-
ing them slightly with a small stone until’ they have secured
ahold. Water is desizable in making a tender growth, but it
is not absolutely necessary for the plants growth. Watercress
can be successfully grown in a bed in a garden border, which
is sheltered and can be easily watered. Sow the seed
broadcast in the early spring. In raising for market,
the flat, shallow, wide-spreading beds are best divided
into channels with planks raised on blocks so as to
facilitate the picking.

PRUNING APPLE TREES

L. A., Wis.—That pruning has been delayed until March
is not any great detriment to the apple trees for the author-
ities seem to agree that in the colder parts of the United
States like Northern New England, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
etc., the wounds made by winter pruning are a decided
check to the tree because of the loss of moisture which
evaporates from the wound during the cold weather. In
any climate it is really better to prune trees at a time when
the plant can immediately set about covering the wound.
During the winter months no growth takes place, therefore,
the wounds lay bare until growth starts in the spring. Start
now and give a moderate pruning, i.e. remove the dead
wood and “water sprouts” and suckers and then if neces-
sary open up the head enough to allow the suh to enter.
The amount of wood which it is necessary to take out differs
with the locality. On the dry plain, little or no pruning
is necessary. Here in the East it is necessary to remove
considerable wood each year. Read ‘‘Tilling the Home
Orchard” by Prof. S. W. Fletcher in the June, 1906,
GarDEN MaGaziINeE.~ - * - wet ht A

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

| ANNOUNCEMENT |
The Henry Sanders Company

of Chicago, and

Hartmann Bros. Mfg. Company
of Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

Manufacturers of Koll’s Patent
Lock Joint Columns

Have consolidated their
interest under the name of

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

‘| The main office and factory will be
»| at Webster and Elston Avenues, | -
Chicago, Ill.,ana the eastern office |
at 1123 Broadway, New York.
The best columns, for porch,
pergola or interior use. |
Send for catalozue H of col-
umns, or H of sun-dials, pedes-
tals, etc.

Mushrooms

For Big and Quick Profits
Small Capital to Start A Safe Business

I am the largest grower in
America. Ten years’ experience
enables me to give practical in-
struction in the business worth
many dollars to you. No matter
what your occupation is or where
you are located, here is an oppor-
tunity to acquire a thorough knowl-

: Meee edge of this paying business.
Send for Free Book giving particulars and information,
how to start, cost, etc. Address

JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
Dept. 130 3243 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS

These are the Old Fashioned Hardy Flowers, the Peony,
the Phlox, the Iris, the Larkspur and the like so de-
servedly popular at the present time.

To secure these in good variety, of large size, well packed
and satisfactory in every respect, at moderate cost, send

your orders to
RED OAK NURSERIES Fiskeville, R. I.

OLD ENGLISH
GARDEN SEATS

SEND FOR CATALOGUE OF 70 DESIGNS

North Shore Ferneries
BEVERLY, MASS.

Lawn Seed

The kind that grows, looks right and is right. Our
SHADY PLACE MIXTURE meets a long felt
want. Customers get the result of our thirty, years
experience. Special Descriptive List free. , Write

LAWN SUNDRIES CO. bye
SOUTH BEND - - - - - INDIANA

The “Lou Dillon” Tandem
Garden Cultivator...

It can be set to stir the soil any depth desired, and to
cultivate astride the row or between the rows.

key One third quicker and easier than any other garden culti-
vator, easier to push than a lawn mower. f
No gardener can afford to be without one. ;

+ Write for descriptive catalogue and testi-

: monials. If your local dealer does not

handle them, write to us for special intro-
ductory price.

Dept. D.

') THE SCHAIBLE MFG. CO.
ELYRIA OHIO

a ta

Apriz, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 133

How Io Get What You Want Without Money

Here are described some flower collections, a new and novel gardening
basket, a good porch chair, a book---one or the other, we think, will
interest every reader of this magazine. ?

The various “premiums” (so we will call them for lack of a better word)
will be given to those who send us yearly subscriptions to The Garden
Magazine. They offer, because we buy at wholesale, much greater value
than you could buy for yourself.

Your renewal will count as one subscription, of course, and $1 must be paid for each.

You can get twenty-
five Gladioli seedlings,
the famous Gold Medal
and Silver Trophy
blends, in all colors,
ioe luidinie the: rare
blues, for only two
subscriptions to The
Garden Magazine at
$1.00—and, of course,
one may be your own
renewal.

For two subscrip-
tions we will send you
free the Lenni Len-
ape Rose Collection;
good stock, different
colors—Baby Rambler,
White Soupert, Etoile
ae lermcee, Iba, IWosca
and. Wellesley. The
plants will be shipped
in season with all
charges prepaid.

“Roses and How to Grow Them”

is a splendidly helpful handbook,
written by various experts. It is well
illustrated and bound for service. It

The Adjustable Garden Cultivator

is the most useful hand garden tool on the market.

Ly) It will pull out the weeds, pulverize the ground
thoroughly, leaving it level, works where other im-
plements fail. It will work between the rows, or
the centre shovel can be removed, and straddle the
row if desired. It is the lightest, weighing but three
\ pounds complete with long handle, and the strong-
=| == est, as the blades are forged out of a solid steel rod.
= Shipped collect for three yearly subscriptions to
The Garden Magazine at $1.00 (your renewal
counts as one).

will be sent to you prepaid if you will

send us three yearly subscriptions.

The New Flower Basket

is modeled on the English basket, but better fitted
for the needs of the American lover of the garden.

“Old Hickory” Spindle Back Chair

Accident Insurance
A Guaranteed most ser-
Policy viceable, comfortable,

attractive chair for

Guard yourself against all risks of 1
travel in public conveyances, by having porch areas pare
one of our Accident Policies. $5.00 a built that will stand all @.g#
week in case of minor accidents. Given sorts of weather.
free to anyone sending us two yearly Solidly constructed of

Wh

|
i
= Lp

subscriptions at $1.00 each—your re-
newal will count as one order.

genuine white hickory
with bark on. Seat 18
inches long, 16 inches
SEND ALL ORDERS deep; height over all

: to the Circulation Department 40 inches. Shipped
The Flower Basket contains scissors, trowel, prepaid, east of the Mississippi River, for
pruning knife, hammer, box of tacks, and ball of DOUBLEDA¥ PaGE & Co. NEW YORK. seven subscrptions to The Garden Maga-
twine. Gomer Lime (3) Sar WoxuDiswome @) tee Gano zine at $1.00 each (your renewal counts

Sent prepaid for eight subscriptions to The Sa eae ihe
Garden Magazine at $1.00 each. as one); west of the Mississippi, add 60c.

' =|

134

THE LARGE PRINT LIBRARY

After many months of experimenting with
type and paper and special binding, we have
ready another volume in this series. It is
one of the most delightful of all Charles Reade’s
books, “Love Me Little, Love Me Long,”
and, readers will remember, that it concerns
the love affair of Lucy Fountain and David
Dodd.

It may be repeated again that the purpose
of these books is to supply a type page which is
so easy to read that even if one’s sight is not
of the best there need be no eye strain. Poor
print and poor paper are fine for the opticians’
business but bad for readers. Many of the
leading oculists have been consulted in working
out our plan and it has had general commen-
dation. Here is a specimen letter from an
oculist:

I heartily agree with you that you are doing a
public service in bringing out the Large Print Library
editions. The splendid specimen that I have just
examined fully justifies your claim. There is a decided
need for such books as you propose to publish, and
I predict for you a marked success in this undertaking.
I am asked almost daily by patients whose eyes are
defective: “‘Doctor, what may I read?” and I feel that

I owe you personal thanks for furnishing me with the
answer.

Volume I. of the series is ‘“Wuthering Heights,”
by Emily Bronté. The books are bound sub-
stantially and lie comfortably open in the hand.
The price of each is $1.50 postpaid. Look at
the volumes at your bookseller’s, or let us send
them on approval.

SPRING BOOKS FOR THE GARDEN LOVERS

Of all the times of the year, this is the season
for buying and studying outdoor books. We
give this bald list again in the hope that any of
our readers who would like to see one or many
of them will let us send them on approval; or
if you will hunt them up at your local dealer’s,
so much the better. Check any book you wish
to see, cut out this paragraph and write your
name on the margin, and we will do the rest.

Our Native Orchids, by Wm. Hamilton Gibson
and Helena Leeming Jelliffe. $1.47 postpaid.

The First Book of Farming, by Charles L. Good-
rich. $1.12 postpaid.

How to Make a Fruit Garden, by S. W. Fletcher.
$2.22 postpaid.

How to Make a Vegetable Garden, by Edith L.
Fullerton. $2.26 postpaid.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

**To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”—A tony and Cleopatra

How to Make a Flower Garden, by many experts.
$1.88 postpaid.

Nature’s Garden, by Neltje Blanchan.
paid.

How to Keep Bees, by Anna Botsford Comstock.
$1.12 postpaid.

The Garden Library:

Daffodils—Narcissus, and How to Grow Them, by
A. M Kirby. $1.17 postpaid.

Water-Lilies, and How to Grow Them, by Henry S.
Conard and Henri Hus. $1.17 postpaid.

Roses, and How to Grow Them, by many experts.
$1.18 postpaid

Lawns, and How to Make Them, by Leonard
Barron. $1.18 postpaid.

Ferns, and How to Grow Them, by G. A. Woolson.
$z.18 postpaid.

$3.35 post-

The Farm Library:
Farm Management, by F. W. Card. $2.20 postpaid.
Soils —How to Handle and Improve Them, by
S. W. Fletcher. $2.20 postpaid.
Farm Animals, by E. V. Wilcox. $2.18 postpaid.
Cotton. By Chas. W. Burkett and Chas. H.
Poe. $2.20 postpaid.
The American Flower Garden, by Neltje Blanchan,
edition limited to 1,050 copies. Price $10.75 prepaid.
Orders entered now.

THE SHELL BOOK

This will be ready about April rst, and it is
the latest and concluding volume of The Nature
Library. Miss Julia E. Rogers, the author of
“The Tree Book” has spent the last two or
three years on the work, and Mr. A. R. Dugmore
has devoted almost an equally long time to the
photographs. Few readers can realize the
trouble and expense involved in the prepara-
tion of a book like this, and some critics have
expressed surprise that it has taken so long to
get out the fifteen volumes of The Nature
Library. When we say that many of the books
have been written and re-written several times,
pictures made and thrown away to be replaced
by better ones —and that even with good luck
it takes from three to five years of strenuous sale
to recover the investment made, we feel that
the slow work, now happily completed, is
explained.

The Nature Library yields more pleasure
at this time of year than any other. We have
arranged a plan so that you may use the books
while paying for them. Let us send you
particulars.

CLOSING THE fFIVE-DOLLAR BILL CLUB

Since last fall we have been offering a year’s
subscription to all our magazines, The World’s

LK: OF-THE - OFFICE:

APRIL, 1908

|
a

————

Work, Country Life in America, and The
Garden Magazine-Farming, for $5 when
ordered at one time.

Our purpose has been to induce a household
where one of our magazines was taken to in-
clude the other two in its family circle. The
plan has worked successfully in thousands of
cases, but it has been used only as an introduc-
tion, and done at an actual cash loss.

AFTER APRIL 25TH

no more subscriptions will be accepted upon
these terms. Until April 25th, we will accept
a year’s subscription to the three magazines for
$5, and included in this arrangement any
present subscription that has not yet expired
may be extended a year beyond its expiration
if desired.

A CAMPAIGN BY LETTER. POCKET MONEY PLANS

The circulation of a magazine like The
Garden Magazine-Farming is built up and
increased by the commendations of a reader
to another person who is not yet a reader.

Naturally, in our efforts we reach by no means
even a large proportion of the people who are
interested in gardens, and who would like this
magazine if they knew about it. In every town
where a few people now take the magazine
there are at least as many more who are possible
subscribers. How are these would-be readers
to be reached? Only by getting your help —
and we have a plan for putting into the hands
of one person in each town a form letter which
can be mailed to people interested, so that there
need be no soliciting or personal appeal. Write
to the Circulation Department of The Garden
Magazine-Farming for particulars of this
campaign by letter. This coupon is appended
for your convenience:

DouBLEDAY, PAGE & ComPANy,
(Circulation Department) New York City.
Please send me particulars of your Garden
Magazine—Farming \etter campaign.

‘a

MeArnin, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

td

4

Fox Snake

(Coluber vulpinus)
“Like all the Colubers, the

Fox Snake deposits a con-
siderable number of eggs,
generally in the hollow of
a stump, and leaves them
without further ado, to
hatch within six or eight
weeks’ time. The eggs
gradually increase in size
by absorbing the moisture
of the wood pulp in which
they are deposited. Just
prior to hatching, an egg is
a third ora half larger than
when laid. In proportion
to the size of the female,
the young are large when
hatched, being about ten
inches in length.

“The Chicken Snake de-
posits about two dozen
eggs and the Rainbow
Snake from two to four
dozen. Probably the Gar-
ter Snake is the most pro-
lific of those that produce
ee young, asa see
Sai ee Oe pode Coan ise any, nae = See «brood may contain ty
Sp geese: meni he ie et" oy Ce ae ten a eee members.”
Quoted from one of nearly 4000 nature biographies contained in

The New Nature Library Now Complete

IN FIFTEEN SUPERB LARGE VOLUMES

6000 pages, 430 plates in color, nearly 4000 half-tones, most of them from life, and 2590 other illustrations, in all 7000 pictures of
Animals, Birds, Fish, Butterflies, Moths, Insects, Wild Flowers, Trees, Reptiles, Shells, etc.
he reasons why you should own this great work are given by John Burroughs in his general introduction. Mr. Burroughs says, ‘“ While accurate
and scientific, | have found them (the volumes) very readable. The treatment is popular without being sensational. This library is free from the scientific dry
rot on the one hand and from the florid and misleading romanticism of much recent nature writing on the other. It is a safe guide to the world of animal
and plant life that lies about us.” To produce this

The Only Satisfactory American Natural History

has taken ten years of careful and painstaking endeavor and it is the most important book enterprise in which we have engaged. With the publication of
“Shells,” which is now on the press, the work will be complete in fifteen volumes. Many volumes have been written for the Library and have been rejected
as not being up to the standard of excellence established. The difficulty has been to get books of scientific accuracy, and yet popular in scope and interest.
TITLES
Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 7. Moths Vol. 10. Mushrooms Vol. 13. Reptiles
Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 5. Fishes Vol. 8. Insects Vol. 11. Trees Vol. 14. Mosses and Lichens
Vol. 3. Bird Homes Vol. 6. Butterflies Vol. 9. Wild Flowers Vol. 12. Frogs Vol. 15. Shells
AUTHORS
W. J. Holland David Starr Jordan William E. Cram Witmer Stone A. R. Dugmore Raymond L. Ditmars
L. O. Howard Neltje Blanchan Julia E. Rogers B. W.Evermann Nina L. Marshall Mary C. Dickerson ~
With a general introduction by John Burroughs
AN ENTIRELY 'NEW PLAN OF SALE has been devised which will enable you to add this great work to your library. You will be sur-

prised at the favorable terms that we are able to make you.
Send For Detailed Information At Once
TEAR OFF HERE

135

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,
133 EAST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK.

U Please send me descriptive circulars and full
details of your new plan for the purchase of the Nature
Library.

I, Readers’ Servi ill gr
136 FIORGLS dow cote EB) |G ACRSDIBNNG MAN©@ 10 ZaleNIBB) Aeniaeaatoto.s

Orchid Howering Sweet Peas |

5 SWEET PEAS are the’ most beautiful, most satisfying and most profitable
; annuals to grow—IF you have the latest and up-to-date Orchid Flowering varieties.

OUR CATALOGUE mailed free to you contains over sixty varieties, including the

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN 1908 NOVELTIES

with full cultural directions by the Rey. Magee Pratt, the noted sweet pea specialist.

If we were asked to name the best twelve standard
varieties to color-—we should give the following:
12)

kt. Oz.
Dorothy Eckford Pure White Sou alc
Queen Victoria Yellow 5c 10c
Lady Grisel Hamilton -Lavender Se 10c
Othello Maroon 5c 10c
Navy Blue Deep Blue SC 10c
King Edward VII. Crimson 5c 10c
Helen Pierce Mottled Blue and White 10c 15¢
Countess of Spencer Soft Pink 10c 15c
Phenomenal Blue, Edged White 15c 25c
Helen Lewis Orange Pink 15c 25¢
Mrs. Walter Wright Rose Purple 5c 10c
Marchioness of Cholmondeley. Buff and Pink 5c 10c

or one packet of each of the above (12) varieties (separate) for 50c; or 1 oz.
of each (separate) for $1.00; or 14 Ib. all the above varieties mixed for 25c.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman

Dep. S, 342 W. 14th Street, New York City

a.

\ Ask For Our Special Agents’ Offer and |
#Make $150 to$200 Monthly as Others Have

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ANY OTHER CONSTRUCTION AND IS ADAPTABLE TO ANY STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE | ¢
For the benefit of those who desire to make lasting improvements about the Farm or Home, and \ Ask Your Dealer or Write Today For Illustrated
as a guide to those contemplating new construction, we have published the following books: ‘ee Booklet Showing Apollo at Work

For the Suburbanite and Farmer Let us show you in this booklet how the Apollo pays

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION About the HOME and on the : } ; : for itself easily in a season When you read all about

FARM A book containing directions for making and handling concrete, also many specifi- KEYS Tretia, fo. what the Apollo will do, you will surely want one for
cations, sectional drawings and photographs of the smaller constructions that can ae ‘ > your lawns. Write today.
be built by the Jayman without skilled labor. Paper-bound copies, free upon request. Cloth-bound .

copies, 25 cents each. a7 R es The Green Mfg. Co.
For the Mechanic and Artisan & 50 Sycamore Street
CONCRETE COTTAGES—4 sixteen-page pamphlet showing photographs, ee |} Springfield, Ohio
floor plans and specifications for small concrete x * a :
houses, ranging in cost from $1,500 to $4,000. Copies sent free upon request. 5 * : SLOT ee ;
For the Homebuilder and Investor
CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES—4 00k containing photo;
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over 150 CONCRETE HOUSES, ranging in price from $2,900 to $200,000, The houses not only Sey UP Re ‘
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THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO.

= wv, = E = us i z $3 hy i Y, ‘ ac A a =
INQUIRY DEPT., 30 BROAD STREET, N. Y. PP araten™: LISS (BLESS

Aprit, 1908 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

137

=
=
Mime MONTH’S REMINDER . . - - - :: =
Waat Must BE PLANTED IN SPRING—NOT AUTUMN
; Thomas McAdam
d Photographs by N. R. Graves, H. Troth and others ;
How New Fruits Can BE Mave By CRrossING S. W. Fletcher
os Photographs by the author
REMARKABLE EVOLUTION IN GARDEN Beans E. D. Darlington
{ Photographs by J. H. Tarbell, J. H. McFarland and others
GarDEN Toors THat Rearty HELP J. L. Kayan
Photographs by the author
Louise Shaw

Harmony IN THE Harpy BORDER .
‘ Photograph by Nathan R. Graves
Cee lone

THe Typrs oF THE AMERICAN EIM
4 Photographs by N. R. Graves and others
fae Best Way TO SELECT PERENNIAL FLOWERS
Wilhelm Muller
.. Photographs by N. R. Graves, H. Troth and others
Waar To Do In ApRIL of AER Thomas J. Steed
‘THIMBLE FLOWERS IN THE SOUTH Anita M. Miller
Photographs by the author
ADVANTAGE OF GROWING CLOVER MAE 6 pe sera ape
GARDEN CLOTHES FOR WOMEN Laura B. Carpenter,
A Vermonter, L. Foster
Photographs by the authors

Nathan R. Graves

PAGE PAGE
139 WorKING RULES FOR THE AMATEUR GARDENER C. L. Brown 166
THE OLtprst FLowERS IN CurtivaTion Thomas McAdam 170
140 Photograph by J. P. Troy
RatsInG EARLY-HATCHED CHICKS . . F. EH. Valentine 172
142 SETTING AND CuLtivATING CaBBAGE . . R. M. Winans 174
146 How I Grow Prize ASTERS M. H. Westbrook 178
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves
50 Some Hints TO AMATEURS BY A PROFESSIONAL DAIRYMAN
Valancey E&. Fuller 182
152 5
SMMCHESTNUM HERE EM DISHASE 0 ueeh vere ot... Bon 184
154 SUCCESSION OF CROPS FOR A SCHOOL GARDEN J. E. Davis 186
: Photograph by the author
MIscELLANEOUS Cur FLOWERS GROWN FOR PROFIT
I
57 James T-. Scott 188
162 Potato GRowING IN New JEersEyY . . . M.A. Holahan 190
162 SWEET Cory Corn By JULY IST Julie A. Powell 192
6 Photograph by the author
E02 SEEDING CLOVER AND GRass SEED 0 Ws. Se 192
hs THE ENGLISH WALNUT IN Iowa Robert T. Morris 1094

Tuts MontH’s Cover

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copryricut, 1908, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

F. N. DouBLepay, President

WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents

H. W. LANIER, Secretary

S. A. EVERIIT, Treasurer

“Utterly practical, authoritative and inspiring.” _
—Washington Star.

The Garden
Month by Month

By MABEL CABOT SEDGWICK

GARDEN BOOK from which you can find in a

A minute the characteristics of any hardy plant or

flower, its color (by the aid of a chart showing sixty-

| three shades), its time for planting and for blooming,

its proper soil and shade, its height and general appear-

ance, its uses and valuable hints regarding cultivation. It

is a digest of facts—a library of gardening in one volume.

It enables ones to choose flowers with a view to effective

color combination, and to keeping the garden always in
bloom.

“A remarkable book, summing up almost
every possible floral knowledge required for the
garden.”—American Homes and Gardens.

“Jt is an astonishingly scientific and practical
piece of work, which must have cost infinite
labor. . . An extraordinary amount of informa-
tion is gathered under every name.”

—New York Sun.
Large 8vo, cloth,
SU 200 illustra-

tions, $4.00net;

— —_—

MAIL THIS

with $4.30 for THE GAR-
DEN MontH By Mon‘, with postpaid,
$3.55 for A GARDEN DIARY, or N_ $4.30
with $1.67 for THE GARDEN Book NS
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE (postpaid)

Name mw

Address. G.M.3 ™

N DIARY. &
COUNTRY HOME
GUIDE

« —LORING
UNDERWOOD

The Garden Book
For Young People

By ALICE LOUNSBERRY

Author of A Guide to the Wild Flowers,’ “The Wild Flower

Book for Young People,’’ etc.

No better book than this to interest young people in gardening can

be imagined. It tells the experiences of a small boy and girl in making

a beautiful garden with little money and under difficult circumstances.

It is a book that will stimulate the most confirmed indoor person to dig $3.55
and plant. There are nearly fifty illustrations of flowers, of the garden, etc. °

Cloth, large 12mo, $1.50 net; postpaid, $1.67

\ FREDERICK A.-STOKES COMPANY

PUBLISHERS

333 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 7

“The best thing yet for keeping touch of one’s garden
operations.” — The Editor of a Country Life Magazine.

A Garden Diary

and Country Home Guide

By LORING UNDERWOOD

A PRACTICAL record book for one’s gar-
dening experience, anda boon to the amateur.
It contains a page for each day of the year,
divided so as to be used as a diary for four suc-
cessive years. The owner of a garden may thus
compare the expenses or weather conditions of one
year with another. At the end of the
book is a blank reference index. At
the top of every page is.a short para-
graph of timely information or advice,
the wisdom of a gardener of long experi-
ence. The volume is 84x 103 inches in
size, and is printed on writing paper.
The binding is handsome and strong.

eee,

Large 4to,
— || THIS COUPON

cloth, $3.25;
postpaid,

Deen to Frederick A. Stokes
Company, 333 Fourth Ave.,

7 will bring a full descriptive illus-
a trated circular of these three books.

Jame.

G.M.3 Address

EO

4

{
|

“4

|

138 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Aprin, 1908.

COPYRIGHT 1808 BY THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. CINCINNATI

i
;
i
|
e

“Every wash-day morning”, writes a New York woman, “I give the laundress
my own dresses and skirts, the children’s dresses and such other articles as need to
be washed with special care.

“I say to her ‘Mary, wash these with Ivory SeaD: Use ordinary laundry soap
for the rest of the washing.’

“T do not think it makes very much difference what kind of soap one uses for
washing dish-cloths; but for one’s dresses, for table linen, woolens and ‘nice’ things
of all kinds, Ivory Soap is the only soap a careful housekeeper should use.”

There is no ‘‘free’? (uncombined) alkali in Ivory Soap. That is why it will not injure the
finest fabric or the most delicate skin. That is why it can be used for hundreds of purposes for
which ordinary soaps are unsafe and unsatisfactory.

Ivory Soap . 4. . 994% Per Cent. Pure.

The G

Vout. VII—No. 3

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

arden Magazine

APRIL, 1908

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A COPY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

How to Avoid the Spring Rush
and Have a Better Garden

ae the work of making a garden is
summarized below in such a way
that you need not forget anything and
may master the work instead of having it
push you. ‘The thing to do now is to cross
off all the items that do not concern you
and then concentrate on the items that
should be attended to before April rst.
Check off each item as fast as it is done and
have this check list handy for reference
every day through the planting season.

The figures in parenthesis refer to the
volume and page of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
where you can find out more about each
particular item.

This is our third improved check list.
Use it faithfully and you will have more
“fun” than ever before because your results
will be so much better —more and _ better
vegetables with less work and no worry.

INDOORS BEFORE APRIL IST

Send a dozen postals to the best seedsmen
and nurserymen for catalogues (7:9).

Arrange for manure or buy fertilizers
(ARS DACs AACS)

Plant the vegetable garden as carefully
as you would a house, drawing it to scale
on a large sheet (2:261) and take the ten
steps mentioned in (5:137).

Plan the fruit garden (4:124).

Plan the flower garden (1:17; 5:334).

Order seeds, plants, trees, shrubs, vines,
bulbs for spring planting; also labels to tag
them with as they are set out.

Get a wheel hoe and some other improved
tools. .

Get a complete spraying outfit and the
best spraying calendar (5:142).

Buy a good book on gardening, e.g.,

Fullerton’s “How to Make a Vegetable
Garden,” ““The Seasons in a Flower Gar-
den,” by Shelton, or Fletcher’s “How to
Make a Fruit Garden.”

Get the best planting tables for vegetables
(5:160), and last month, page 609.

Write all labels and mark on them the
distance apart the plants should stand
when thinned or transplanted (1:174).

Sow vegetables and annuals for the early
crop in hotbeds about March 15th, so as
to have the hardy ones ready to set outdoors
April 15th and the tender ones }._ay roth,
or whenever danger of frost is past.

If you have no hotbeds, start some flower
seeds in the window (1:74) and a few vege-
table seeds.

Clean and sharpen tools (1:57).

Look over roots in cellar (1:57).

Take slips of geraniums and other bed-
ding plants you have carried over winter
(2:164).

Plan a children’s garden and build some
bird houses.

Start a garden diary (1:265) or better,
adopt Mr. Kayan’s vest-pocket system of
garden records (5:21).

Join a civic or village improvement society
or start one.

OUT OF DOORS BEFORE APRIL IST, OR
BEFORE FARMERS BEGIN TO PLOW

Clean up the home grounds.
Put all the manure you can get upon the
vegetable garden (3:69).

Spray all fruit trees and berry bushes with ‘

lime-sulphur or miscible oils before the buds
open. This takes the place of the former
practice of spraying with Paris green and
Bordeaux mixture while the trees are dor-
mant (5:142).

Get pea brush or poultry wire and pro-
vide poles for beans and tomatoes.

Trim paths and borders.

Buy or make some hotbeds (1:58; 3:76)
and coldframes (1:30; 5:65).

Plant deciduous trees (6:68), shrubs
(6:129) and permanent vines (5:26).

Plant fruit trees (1:122, 183), especially
dwarfs (6:119), berry bushes (1:106, 125)
and nut trees (6:194).

Manure asparagus and rhubarb beds or
fertilize with nitrate of soda (z:140).

Fertilize the lawn (1:82), roll and repair
it (5:162). This is a good time to make
a new lawn. Barron’s “Lawns and How
to Make Them” is the authority.

Any grading or draining to do?

Prune fruit trees (1:64) and _ grapes
(1:18)— not berry- bushes.

Prune hydrangeas and other autumn-
blooming shrubs, but not the spring bloom-
ers. Prune these after flowering.

Prune hardy roses aiready planted by
March 1tsth. “Roses and How to Grow
Them” is an excellent book.

Plant new hardy roses about March 25th
(1:129), including climbing roses (5:330).

Train berry bushes (1:88) and grapes
(1:18).

Put new life into old shade and ornamental
trees by cutting out decayed matter and
filling cavities with cement (4:288).

Sow sweet peas (5:62).

Risk a few rows of extra early peas, beans,
and corn (5:228) and be ready on frosty
nights to cover young plants with news-
papers (3:204).

OUTDOORS ON APRIL I5TH, OR AS SOON AS
THE LAND IS FIT TO PLOW AND BEFORE
DANGER OF FROST IS PAST

Plow and harrow the garden or dig and
rake it. i

Transfer from coldframes to open ground
hardy vegetables for the early crop and
gradually let in air to the tender vegetables
started in hotbeds as all such vegetable plants
must be “hardened off” before setting out-
doors. The hotbed in which the seeds were
started is gradually converted into a cold-
frame as the heat subsides.

Sow seeds outdoors of all hardy vege-
tables for the main crop (r:110). This
includes nearly all the important vegetables
except beans, corn, vines and the tomato
family.

Plant early potatoes and onion sets.

Sow seeds of all hardy annual flowers
(@:117; 5:154) and temporary vines (5:225).

Divide perennials and rearrange the hardy
border.

Plant evergreens both coniferous (4:17;
6:12; 6:290) and broad-leaved. The latter
include rhododendrons (3:334), laurel,
hollies (4:234), etc.

Prune tender roses (1:129).

Spray roses with whale oil soap toward
the end of April (1:129).

Prepare for frost (1:169; 3:205).

Plant gladioli and the other half-hardy
bulbs (5:156), but not the tender ones like
cannas and dahlias, for they cannot endure
even a slight frost.

We believe there is no other important
operation that cannot be postponed until
May or later when there is more time, but
if you think of anything, will you not tell
us? The readers of THE GARDEN Mac-
AZINE have helped to crystallize this plan
of operations into its present form, which
seems to us the best time-saver and
result-getter we know. If, however, you
know a better one, will you not tell us
about it and we will make grateful acknowl-
edgment?

= hong aT CT LT I

Weeping Japanese cherry. One of the best white flowering
trees for lawns. June. Always plant stone fruits in spring

a moet a 4
Japanese maples. Best orna-
mental dwarf deciduous trees

Plant the birch where its
white bark will be seen

The magnolias bear their
large 1owers before the leaves

Plant conifers as shelters or as backgrounds for early flowering trees Yuccas are the most conspicuously flowered evergreen plants of low sta

The dogwoods give white
flowers even in partial shade

What Must be Planted in Spring—

YOU WILL LOSE A YEAR IN THE DEVELOP: ~ |
OVER LISTS NOW—BETTER CHECK OFF |

OU will find it the truest economy to plant certain trees and shrubs this spring

for two reasons. First, they keep on growing for you, year in and year

out, with practically no care or expense after planting, and therefore, the sooner
you plant them the quicker you get rid of the raw, crude look that is so distressing
on a new place or an insufficiently planted one. Second, if you postpone planting
till autumn the chances are perhaps five to one that you will lose a year in the
development of your place, since a large percentage of the showiest and most in-
teresting plants cannot be safely set after September 15th, or only with special
precautions and extra expense. ei

I. FLOWERING, SHOWY LEAVED AND SHADE TREES

The most urgent question to decide is whether you want any beeches, birches
or larches, because these start into growth exceptionally early in spring and should
be planted while dormant, or say before April rst. The first two are so thin barked |
that they are risky for fall planting unless the trunks are wrapped with straw.

BercueEs. All kinds, including the lovely purple, copper and fern-leaved beeches.

Bircues. All kinds, including the loveliest cf all — the cut-leaved, weeping, European birch.

Docwoop, Frowerinc. Showiest hardy native tree. Aiso the exquisite pink and the dainty Japanese.
Franxuin Tree. Showiest autumn-blooming tree. Worth any amount of coddling. (Gordonia pubescens.
Javanese Mapres. The most valuable low-growing specimen trees with highly colored leaves.
Larcues.* Most popular of deciduous conifers, because of tender light green in early spring.

Maenorias. The largest individual flowers of all hardy trees — often six inches across.

Swere1 Gum. Widest range of autumn colors of all hardy trees. Starry leaves.

Tutie Tree. Yellowand orange flowers three to four inches across. Unique leaves.

Il. FLOWERING SHRUBS, INCLUDING ROSES:

Very few nurserymen recommend fall planting of roses and even then only
the hardiest varieties and under exceptional conditions.

Roses of all kinds, climbing and bush, hybrid perpetual, tea, hybrids and miscellaneous.

Prunus, the great genus including flowering almonds, plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and nectarines.

Axruea or Rose of Sharon. Showiest of August blooming shrubs next to hydrangeas.

Aza.eas, with more colors and larger individual flowers than any other spring blooming shrub.

Japanese Repgup, which has larger flowers, purer color, and better habit than the American. x

Ill. BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS

These surpass even the conifers in popular interest (though not in height),
since they have showy flowers or berries as well as evergreen leaves. Of more than
fifty hardy kinds I can name only a few.

Box, the world-favorite for purely decorative effect. Formal gardens, edging, beds, hedges, etc.

Enouisu Ivy, the favorite vine for purely decorative effect on stone or brick walls.

Manonias, or evergreen barberries. Holly-like leaves, yellow flowers and rich bronze in winter.
Mountain Lauret, the most exquisite and one of the showiest. (Kalmia latifolia).

RHODODENDRONS, the most gorgeous of all hardy broad-leaved evergreens. Huge trusses.

Curmepinc Evonymus. Climbs in New England where English ivy is hardy only as a trailer.

Traitinc Myrrie. Best evergreen ground cover under shrubs or trees. Blooms intermittently all season.
Yuccas. Showiest late bloomer of the group. Variety with flowering stalks six feet high.

ture

140 j

Not Autumn-— By Thomas McAdam

MENT OF YOUR PLACE, UNLESS YOU LOOK
WHAT YOU WANT AND ORDER AT ONCE

IV. CONIFERS OR NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS

Many experienced planters prefer May for planting evergreens, while others
find August is an equally good time. But most people never think of it until after
the middle of September, when it is too late to do so in the North, without special
care and expense. A symposium of experience will be found in THE GARDEN
Macazine for August and September, 1907. A few examples are:

CEDARS HeMLocxks RETINISPORAS
CYPRESSES JUNIPERS SPRUCES
Firs PINES YeEws

VY. FRUITS

Stone fruits should never be planted in the fall at the North. Blackberries
often winter-kill if fall planted, because they make big wide-spreading roots and
few fine ones that you can save.

APRICOTS NECTARINES PLums
BLACKBERRIES PEACHES RASPBERRIES

VI. PERENNIALS

It is not safe to set out small, young, new plants of perennials in the fall, unless
they have four weeks to become established before the killing frost is due. Those
marked * should never be planted in fall. Avoid setting young plants of kinds
marked } after September 20th in the North. The following are said to give better
results from 4-inch pots in spring than from large field-grown plants in fall:
Coreopsis, Dianthus, Gaillardia, Phlox, Stokesia.

*ANEMONE, JAPANESE GaILLARDIAS *PANSIES, TUFTED

*CHRYSANTHEMUMS {HortyHocks Pinxs

}FoxcLoves TOrteNTA?. Poppies TSweer Wixiiams
VII. BULBS

The most important hardy summer-blooming bulbs are peonies and lilies
which are best planted in the fall, but the spring sales of these are enormous, show-
ing that most people forget about them in the autumn. If you plant them in the
spring, be sure to patronize a reliable dealer, get large roots and pay a good price.
Otherwise they will not bloom the first year and shriveled lily bulbs may never
bloom at all.

The following are the most important tender bulbs for spring planting. They
must be taken up in the fall, after frost, and stored for the winter.

AMARYLLIS CALADIUM DaAHLIAS
Breconias, TuBEROuS CANNAS GtapI01I

Plant chrysanthemums in spring for a wealth of bloom in
November

Roses of all classes are best Plant Rose of Sharon for
moved now August flowers

Hall’s magnolia flowers when The Southern Azalea Vaseyi is
only two feet high the purest pink of the family

In the North plant stone fruits now Nuts are for spring planting Tender bulbs are set out in May

141

we

YOU WILL LOSE A YEAR IN THE DEVELop ENT OF YOUR PLACE, UNLESS YOU LOOK
= 5 rey Cu = ‘ h
OVER LISTS NOW—BETTER CHECK op, wear YOU WANT AND ORDER AT ONCE
haat ay he tru CC y Jant certain trees and shrubs this spr > CONIFERS OR NARR se
OU will find it the truest economy to p i ' S prin IV h aRS NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS
6 te ‘ Ee sons, First, they keep on growing for you, year in and rae ED EVERGREENS
out, with practically no care or expense after planting, and therefore, the sooner Many experienced planters prefer May for planting evergreens, whil I
mul, a: iy . > Tay > « that is so dj * aoe : at g greens, v © others
you plant them the quicker you get rid of the raw, crude look that is so distressing find August is an equally good time. But most people never think of ea: t me
on a new place or an insufficiently planted one. Second, if you postpone planting the middle of September, when it is too late to do so in the North. wiih ie Past
till autumn the chances are perhaps five to one that you will lose a year in the care and expense. A symposium of experience will be found in Trt ‘ pices
development of your place, since a large percentage of the showiest and most in. Macaztne for August and September, to907. A few examples are ao

teresting plants cannot be safely set after September 15th, or only with special

nse Crevars Hentoces .
precaution and extra expense pasate Vdaretl Rerixisroras
Sr crs
Fins Pines Sere
r wu t white fowert I FLOWERING, SHOWY LEAV ED AND SHADE TREES
Japaneso cherry. One of the white flowering ,
lawns, June, Always plant stone fraite in spring XS,
The most urgent question to dec ide is whether you want any beeches, birches V. FRUITS
or Jarches, because these start into growth exceptionally early in spring and should
be planted while dormant, or say before April 1st. The first two are so thin barked Stone fruits should never be planted in the fall at the North, Blackberri
that they are risky for fall planting unless the trunks are wrapped with straw. often winter-kill if fall planted, because they make big wide spreading roots and
few fine ones that you can save, ot
Brxcuns. All kinds, including the purple; copper and fern-leaved beeches. J
1 eat ( C -leaved, weeping, European birch
Hine All kinds, including the loveliest cf all — the cut , weeping, Pp ; oes ;
Dor se. Frowemmo, Showiest hardy native tree. Also the exquisite pink and the dainty Japanese pe ite Nrcraniin Tinsis
Paawxtin TAee jest autumn-blooming tree. Worth any amount of coddling. (Gordonia pub EACHES Kixvh fons
Jaraweae Maries. ‘The most valuable lo 1g specimen trees with highly colored leaves.
Lancer Most popular of deciduous conifers, because of tender light green in carly spring.
Maowouias. ‘The Largest individual flowers of all hardy trees — often six inches across. VI. PERENNIALS
Sweet Guu. Widest range of autumn colors of all hardy trees. Starry leaves.
wee low an. orange flowers three tofour inches across. Unique leaves. ¢ ‘ :
a aa: It is not safe to set out small, young, new plants of perennials in the fall, unte
; es wen A they have four weeks to become established before the killing frost is due. Those
Il. FLOWERING SHRUBS, INCLUDING ROSES marked * should never be planted in fall, Avoid setting soung plants of kinds
; : marked + after September 2oth in the North. The following are said to give better
Meaty coetcreia mative a ee eat a i Very few nurserymen recommend fall planting of roses and even then only results from 4-inch pots in spring than from large field-grown plants in fall
SDMEYA) OOREE eake one Utes PALS Le Yes ee ewe the hardiest varieties and under exceptional conditions. Coreopsis, Dianthus, Gaillardia, Phlox, Stokesia
Roors of all kinds, elimbing and bush, hybrid perpetual, tea, hybrids and miscellancous. AXCESGNESRTSP ANE one ¥ Mngt
Puunvs, the great genus iacluding flowering almonds, plums, cherries, peaches,apricote and nectarines. penta eee Neg e Salles
A\vriea or Rose of Sharon. Showiest of August blooming shrubs next to hydrangeas. Frishio ves hajigsera nDassiel des ea

Aaieas, with more colors and Jarger individual flowers than any other spring blooming shrub.
Jarawear Reonvp, which has larger flowers, purer color, and better habit than the American

VIL. BULBS

Ill. BROAD-LEAVED EVERGRI

, ; : “ The most important hardy summer-blooming bulbs are peonies and lille
These surpass even the conifers in popular interest (though not in height), which are best planted in the fall, but the spring sales of these are enormous, sho
ince they have showy flowers or berries as well as evergreen leaves. Of more than ing that most people forget about them in the autumn. If you plant them in th

fifty hardy kinds T can name only a few sprit be sure to patronize a reliable dealer, get large roots and 1 good price
Otherwise they will not bloom the first year and shriveled lily bulbs may neve

bloom at all.

, hedpes, etc.

Hox, the world-favorite for purely decorative effect. Formal gardens, edging, beds
Exoninn Lyy, the favorite vine for purely decorative effect on stone or brick walls. A
ONIAS, oF evergreen barberries. Holly-like leaves, yellow flowers and rich bronze in winter The following are the most important tender bulbs for spring planting. They
ats Launet, the most exquisite and one of the showiest. (Kalmia latifolia). must be taken up in the fall, after frost, and stored for the winter

eens. Huge trusses.

sus of all hardy broad-leaved ever

NDKONS, the most gc

Chivmixa Euoxyaus, Climbs in New England where English ivy is hardy only as a trailer. Akers Catanium Da et
Teaitina Myarie, Dest evergreen ground cover under shrubs or trees. Blooms intermittently all seat Benoit Teena Cana Grape
Yuceas, Showiest late bloomer of the group. Variety with flowering stalks six feet high. - wo agri

Plant cont . . 3 ~. :
Y of 1 Tn the No VT uits now
an 1ounly flowered evergreen plants © rth plant stone fruits ve

Pear pollen is good for several
weeks if kept dry

Stages in the opening of Kieffer pear blossom. If intended for crossing, the stamens shoulda Anther and two stigmas with
be removed before the third stage—the later the better

pollen clinging. From pear

How New Fruits Can Be Made By Crossing—By 8. W. Fletcher, ti

THE FIRST POPULAR PRESENTATION OF THE EXACT METHODS OF PRACTICE ADOPTED BY THE LEADING WORKERS IN
THIS NEWEST SPECIAL BRANCH OF GARDENING WHICH OFFERS A LARGE FIELD OF POSSIBILITIES TO THE AMATEUR

[Epiror’s Nore—The past ten years have witnessed a remarkable increase of interest in crossing and hybridizing among both professional and enthusiastic amateur horticul-
turists. The number of persons now doing more or less of this fascinating work in the United States certainly runs into the thousands. There has been accumulating

a body of new data on the methods of cross-pollination but it is widely scattered.
who have worked in this field, and to present it in compact shape.

The purpose of this article is to gather together the experience of a number of men
It is a symposium of the experience of Professor S. A. Beach, Professor N. O. Booth, Professor F. W. Card,

Professor C. P. Close, Professor John Craig, Professor C. S. Crandall, Mr. W. F. Fletcher, Mr. H. P. Gould, Professor S. B. Green, Professor N. E. Hansen, Mr. J. W. Kerr,
Professor W. R. Lazenby, Mr. T. V. Munson, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mr. M. B. Waite, Professor F. A. Waugh, Professor H. J. Webber, and Professor J. C. Whitten, all of whom have
very kindly answered a set of questions that was sent to them. These men have been working on different kinds of fruit and under widely different conditions; hence there is often a
great divergence of practice. The aim has been to present the opinions and practice of the majority. The scope of this article is restricted to the crossing of orchard fruits, but many
of the methods described are applicable in the crossing of other plants. The detailed technique of crossing flowers is given in THe GARDEN Macazine for November, 1905, page 170.]

AKING new varieties of plants, by
crossing, is essentially a work
fOL ties teal amare: mune lOveL On
plants —to whom the development of
something new,
something differ-
ent and some-
thing better than
what has been be-
fore is a sufficient
reward. As a
money - making
proposition it is
hardly likely to
pay the average
man. It may pay
certain specialists,
but even they are
few.
s The principles
of the procedure
ee |) ~—aare not at all com-
; plicated. On one
hand we have the
pollen of a given
variety,and on the
other hand we
| have the fruit-
~ bearing flower of
another variety.
Our object is per-
haps to combine
theessential quali-
ties of both these varieties and to this end we
make the cross by transferring the pollen of
one to the pistil of the other. If this is done
in both directions, what is called “reciprocal
crosses” are produced. Usually these differ
materially from each other; and more than

ie

@

Pollen in vial for use in
the field. Unopened anthers
are placed in the sun to dis-
charge pollen

that, in all probability out of a number of
plants raised from any given cross, no two
will be alike, some will be fairly intermediate,
some will partake more strongly of one
parent and some of the other parent. Out
of all these once in a while there will appear
one particular plant of decided merit.
When such a plant is obtained, happy is
the originator because he will have really
added something of value to the world of
horticulture and will have won for himself
the right to occupy a small niche in the
temple of fame.

WHEN TO PREPARE THE FLOWER

The flower that is to be the seed bearer
must be so handled that no pollen other than
that desired shall reach its pistils. Therefore
the stamens are removed. The ideal time
for this is as late as possible before the
anthers burst. But where a large number
of blossoms is to be pollinated, it is not
practicable to wait until this time before
beginning work. If warm weather is push-
ing the buds into blossom very rapidly,
the work may begin when the buds are still
quite small.

The disadvantages of early work are
greater liability of injuring the pistils by
the weight or chafing of the sack, if one is
used; and still greater danger that some
small stamens will be left in the blossoms,
since they are much more difficult to re-
move at this time. Furthermore, it is not
so easy to operate quickly when the buds
are four or five days from opening as when
they are only one or two days from opening.
In general the best way is to remove the
stamens as late as possible before the anthers

142

mature and before the petals have unfolded
enough to expose the pistil or permit the
visits of insects. :

When a hot day or warm rain has forced
into full blossom in a few hours buds that
the experimenter calculated would not be
open for several days, he is strongly tempted
to use slightly opened flowers in which no
stamens have burst. No blossoms that
have opened enough to permit the entrance

Peach blossoms in right condition to prepare for
crossing. Must be done before there is danger of self-
pollination or cross-pollination by wind or insects

iy

\

APRIL, 1908

of insects, even though the anthers or pistils
are not mature, should be used, if accurate
results are desired.

When complete accuracy is not essential,
and when working on blossoms that ncr-
mally do not mature stamens and pistils
simultaneously, so that self-pollination is
improbable, the stamens need not be
removed. Luther Burbank once wrote me
that he removes the stamens from but a
small proportion of the thousands of blos-
soms that he uses every year. Professor
S. B. Green says: “In the case of apples
and plums, I do not think it pays to emas-
culate at all.” Non-emasculation is prac-
tised more commonly west of the Mississippi
than in the East. The chief reason for this
difference in practice seems to be that the
pistils of fruit blossoms in many parts of
the West are apparently more likely to
mature before the stamens than they are
in the East. At any rate much better success
is obtained in the West from pollinating
pistils a day or more before they become
receptive than has been secured in the East.
I have tried it in Michigan, with poor
results; but Mr. M. B. Waite found this
method satisfactory near Washington, D. C.

This practice rests upon the probability
that the pollen which reaches the stigma
first effects fertilization in a majority of
cases; if, therefore, fruit blossoms are cross-
pollinated by hand before they have shed
their own pollen, emasculation should not
be necessary, provided the pollen sticks and
grows. Crossing without emasculation is
entirely feasible and fairly reliable, especially
with blossoms in which the pistils mature
exactly with or a little before the stamens.

WHAT BLOSSOMS TO USE

The pollinator soon learns that some trees
or plants of the variety under experiment
are more valuable for his purpose than
others, and, furthermore, that some blossoms
are better for crossing than others on the
same tree. Some trees seem to have strong
reproductive power and their crosses set
fruit in gratifying numbers. Other trees
that blossom just as full, and apparently
have equal vigor, make a poor showing
after the June drop, when the count of
crosses is made. Very old, diseased or
sickly trees should be avoided, no matter
how full of blossoms they may be; also
avoid very thrifty trees just coming
into bearing. Mature trees of moderate
growth, and perfectly sound, are the safest
to use.

It is rarely wise to work on the lower-
most limbs, especially if the trees are tilled.
Blossoms on inside branches are also unde-
sirable. The best fruit is usually borne
high up on the outside of the tree; crossed
fruits should have at least as good a chance
as any others and should be beyond moles-
tation by teams and vandals.

Select blossoms on the side of the tree
opposite from the direction of severe pre-
vailing winds, which may whip off the fruit.
If nearly open buds have been subjected
to a hard frost, just before emasculation,
it may be wise to use only the blossoms

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

143

Rises ae ee Lie RS 4

Bradshaw plums from cross-pollination. Crossed fruits are allowed to ripen on the trees, the seeds are
stratified in sand and sown the following spring

on the west and north sides; those on the
east and south sides are more likely to have
been injured by the frost. Select blossoms
on well nourished branches and fruit spurs.
Blossoms on terminal shoots are not apt to
set as well as those on strong laterals. Weak
buds are usually later in opening than
strong buds, and it seldom pays to use
these for crossing when the normal blossoms
are too far gone.

It is an advantage to include within one

sack several blossoms of slightly different
degrees of maturity, as is necessarily the

ome

F

case with apples, pears, oranges and grapes.
There is then a greater chance of pollinating
at least one of them when it is in just the
right stage. It is doubtful if it pays to
work on more than three or four of the
apple and pear blossoms in a cluster; the
others should be pinched off. But nearly
all the strong blossoms on a branch of plum
or peach may be used. Much, however,
depends upon the method of fruit bearing
of the variety.

Various tools are used, depending upon
the kind of blossom and also upon the skill

Crossing Gold Drop peaches. Select healthy trees and vigorous, outside shoots

144

of the person. In a majority of cases,
a small, sharp, dissecting scalpel is preferred,
especially for the stone and pome fruits.
The bud is held between the thumb and
forefinger of the left hand and the sepals,
petals, and stamens removed in two or three
cuts. In some cases a scalpel with a curved
blade is more serviceable. A pen-knife
with a sharp, thin blade may answer just
as well. Professor J. C. Whitten is partial
to a knife with a blade rounded on the end,
like a budding knife, but much smaller.
The knife or scalpel must be kept razor
sharp; if the slightest bit dull the speed of
the operator is much reduced and ragged
wounds or tears may be made.

Next to the scapel the most popular
instrument is a small, sharp-pcinted pair
of dissecting scissors. Curved scissors are
preferred by Professor H. J. Webber when
working on orange blossoms. For the
blossoms of stone and pome fruits, I have
found scissors more tiresome and less effi-
cient than a scalpel. For some kinds of
blossoms, especially small ones that are
partially opened, the tweezers, preferably
compositors’ tweezers, are a practical instru-
ment. The stamens are grasped about
half way down the filaments and broken
off at that point — not pulled out.

For grape blossoms, and all others having
small anthers that must be removed sepa-
rately, Mr. T. V. Munson and others recom-
mend a slender pin, such as is used in
mounting small insects, with one-quarter
inch at the pcinted end flattened and bent
into an acute-angled loop. This may be
inserted into a wooden handle for conve-
nience. For strawberries and bush fruits,
Professor F. W. Card prefers a little spatula
made from a flatted pin and filed very sharp.
Deft fingers are also very serviceable at
times. Professor S. A. Beach finds that when
grapes are in just the right condition he has
been able to do the work most readily with
thumb and finger.

There is a great temptation to make the
cut too low on pome fruits, especially if
using a scalpel. I have concluded that

Crossed fruits are recog-

Pear crosses that “‘took.’’
nized by the clipped calyx even when mature

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

it is best to make the cut nct any below the
point where the stamens are inserted, and
the higher the better, so far as the setting
of fruit is concerned. But the higher the cut
is made, the less rapid is the work and the
greater is the likelihood that small stamens
will escape the knife. Mr. M. B. Waite
endeavors to “cut just above the top of the
ovary, through the base of the calyx, below
the stamens and into the nectary, leaving
the centre portion of the nectary behind,”
and he says, further: “Doubtless the cut
can be made so low as to remove the top of
the ovary and the entire nectary.”” A ma-
jority of pollinators, however, are of opinion
that a cut made at the insertion of the sta-
mens and above the nectary is about right.

WHEN TO APPLY THE POLLEN

This depends very largely upon the kind
of blossoms used; each fruit must be studied
independently. The only point that needs
to be considered here is whether to polli-
nate at the time of emasculation or to wait
until the, pistils are receptive. The latter
method is most commonly practised, but
the former has many advocates, especially
in the South and West. With reference to
this point, Mr. T. V. Munson says: “I
always pollinate at once after emasculation,
as the fresh pollen grains are usually gummy
enough to adhere to the soft, spongy stigma.
But the pollen grains do not begin to germi-
nate until the stigmatic juices exude and
moisten them.” It must be remembered
that Mr. Munson’s work has been largely
on grapes.

The success of this early pollination
depends, first of all, upon the stage of
development of the pistils when the stamens
are removed. When blossoms are emas-
culated but one or two days before the
stigmas become receptive, there seems to
be no doubt but that the pistils may be
pollinated immediately.

The chief advantage of pollinating at ise
time of emasculation is the saving in time;
the chief disadvantage is the uncertainty
that the pollen will remain on the stigmas
until they are receptive. It often happens
that after blossoms are emasculated several
days of cold, rainy weather intervene and
keep the blossoms at a_ standstill. In
such cases immediate pollination would
not be effective. Professor I. L. Budd
states that the tendency of most people is to
pollinate too soon rather than too late. If
emasculation is delayed, however, until
the buds are nearly open, there is no doubt
but that immediate pollination is successful,
provided the weather continues favorable.

The unpollinated pistils usually remain

. receptive longer than those on the tree at

large that have been pollinated. I have
had good results from pear crosses made
four days after the stigmas became viscid,
and from strawberry crosses made eight
days after. Orange blossoms are receptive
about two days, grape blossoms about two
days. It is a safe practice not to begin
pollinating until the blossoms on the tree
at large that were in about the same stage
of development when the cutting was done,

APRIL, 1908

Brandywine strawberry. Each pistil in the cen-
tre must be touched with pollen in order to develop
a large and well formed fruit

have about passed their receptive period.

The sack seems to retard the development
of the pistils somewhat — from twelve te
eighteen hours, according to Dr. W. Van
Fleet, especially in a cool season.

The safest time to pollinate is near the
beginning of the receptive condition of the
pistils. When there are several thousand
blossoms of one variety to be pollinated,
and all the pistils cannot be pollinated at
just that time, pollination may commence
about twenty- four hours before the time
when the pistils begin to be receptive, and
continue for at least forty-eight hours after
that time. A receptive stigma usually
glistens when it catches the suslight, and in
most fruits it is beginning to he slightly
brownish. The stigmas of the blossoms
of many fruits are receptive about the time
that the nectar is secreted in abundance,
but this varies with different fruits.

COLLECTING AND STORING POLLEN

The greatest difficulty that the pollinator
encounters, when working on a large scale, is
to secure a supply of pollen. This may take
more time than emasculation and is respon-
sible for many losses. When few pistils
are to be pollinated, the simplest and the
most efficient method is to sack the pollen-
bearing blossoms before they open, and to
leave the sack on until ready to pollinate.
This means that the two varieties must
blossom at about’ the same time. The
branch enclosed by the sack may be cut off
and taken to the blossoms that are to be
pollinated. Then the pollen-bearing blos-
soms are picked off, their petals stripped
back and the stigmas touched with their
anthers. This is the most natural method
of pollinating, and it usually gives a high
per cent. of successes; but it is too slow.

A more expeditious methcd, for pome
fruits especially, is to scrape or pull off
with the thumb and forefinger mature but
unopened anthers from flowers that are
just opening. In this way a large quantity

APRIL, 1908

of anthers can be collected in a short time.
These are placed on a sheet of paper or a
blotter in a warm, dry place, where there are
no drafts, and they will burst in a few hours.
There is, of course, a_ slight possibility
that the pollen of another variety may have
fallen upon these anthers.

The most generally approved method of
collecting pollen in large quantities is to
pick off the unopened buds, clip off the
anthers with scissors and let these open on a
paper. The buds may be gathered from
one to five days before they would open,
or any time after the anthers are mature,
the later the better. The petals and sepals
may be stripped back and only the anthers
clipped off, but a more rapid way (at least
with fruits having an inferior ovary) is to
clip off the entire top of the bud low enough
to include most of the anthers. ‘The petals
and sepals are then winnowed or sifted out
and the anthers spread on blotting paper
which will absorb their moisture. Place the
paper of anthers where there are no currents
of air. A greenhouse bench is an excellent
place. Professor F. A. Waugh simplifies
this method by gathering the partially open
buds, spreading them in the sun, and shaking
off the pollen upon paper; or twigs with
buds may be cut and placed in water or
moist sand indoors until the pollen can be
shaken out. If the anthers are to be clipped
off, one man can prepare, in half a day,
enough apple, pear or peach pollen for
about eight hundred blossoms. Strawberry
pollen can be gathered more rapidly.

If the pollen cannot be used the day it is
collected, it must be stored very carefully.
If corked up in a vial before it is perfectly
dry, it will ferment in a few hours. Fre-
quently it is more convenient to gather pollen
several days in advance of pollination and
sometimes it must be stored several weeks or
longer. How long it will retain vitality de-
pends as much upon the way it is dried and
stored as upon the kind of pollen. Before all
else it is necessary to have the pollen perfectly
dry and to remove from it all anther sacks,
filaments and other matter that might decay.
In my own work I do not winnow out the
empty anther sacks. The pollen will then

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Applying pollen to apple pistils with a cama}l’s-
hair brush. This method is wasteful of pollen but
it permits rapid work

keep very satisfactorily in a dry paper en-
velope, and may even be mailed in this
package. Professor J. C. Whitten makes
the pollen envelopes of blotting paper, the
edges being folded, not sealed. A perfectly
dry glass vial is often used.

Stored pollen should be kept from exces-
sive heat or cold and from dampness. It is
not known how long properly stored fruit
pollen will retain its potency. Much de-
pends upon the vigor of the tree. I have
had fair results from apple pollen three
weeks old; several correspondents have
had success with fruit pollen six to eight
weeks old.

Mr. T. V. Munson describes a remarkably
successful method of storing grape pollen:
Gather flowers in midday when the dew
has gone, and clip off the anthers. Place
these in a new, very clean, tin box, which is
three-quarters filled. Set the box in a warm
room where there are no drafts, but do not
allow direct sunlight to fall on the anthers
Every half hour put the lid on the box and
shake it violently. All the pollen should be
out in two hours. Winnow out very gently
all anthers and everything but the pcllen;
then set the pollen in a sunny room, but not
in direct sunlight, for two hours longer.
Close the box and paste a strip of paper

145

all around the crack of the cover, making it
air tight. Place the box in a dry room,
where the temperature does not rise above
80 degrees cr fall below 65 degrees. ‘“‘ Under
these conditions,” writes Mr. Munson, “grape
pollen I have collected in Texas went to New
York, was used there successfully three weeks
later by Jacob Moore, and the remainder I
used successfully in Texas one year later.”’

HOW TO APPLY POLLEN

The simplest way, and the slowest, is to
touch the stigma with a dehisced anther.
When the pistils are as large as they are in
all our common tree fruits, the thumb or
forefinger may be dipped in the pollen and
then pressed upon the stigma. Luther
Burbank does most of his pollinating in
this way. Much pollen is wasted in thumb
pollination, but the method is rapid and
efficient. A majority of people, however,
prefer a small, pointed, camel’s-hair brush,
having a handle about eight inches long.
I carry pollen to the orchard in corked vials,
one by three and a half inches. The vial
is carried in the upper vest pocket for con-
venience.

When pollinating blossoms that have a
single pistil (as the peach), it is well to rest
the end of the pistil against the thumb nail
of the left hand; this steadies the brush and
focuses the eye upon the stigma. When
pollinating several blossoms in a cluster,
(as the apple cr pear), gather the three or
four blossoms together and pollinate all at
once; this saves both time and pollen. It
pays to put on pollen until it can be plainly
seen on the stigma. Brush pollination is
somewhat clumsy and is certainly quite
wasteful of pollen, but it is often the most
practicable method. Professor C. P. Close
places the pollen in a shallow glass dish,
and dips the stigmas into the pollen.

WHAT KIND OF SACK TO USE

A paper bag of thin tough paper is needed.
Manila sacks as used by grocers are em-
ployed almost exclusively, the two to six
pound sizes most commonly; the four, five
and six pound sizes being most serviceable
for tree fruits. They should be large enough

Removing the stamens from anapple. The
scalpel is placed too low; it willinjure the ovary.
Compare with figure on other side

it may die.
at a proper height

The blossom on the right has been cut too low;
The blossom on the left has been cut

The cut cannot be made lower than this on an
apple blossom without danger of injuring the
ovary. Compare with figures to the left

146

to loosely cover the flowers without cramping.
A grade known as “Rawhide” has given
especial satisfaction to the United States
Department of Agriculture. The sack
may be tied, wired, or pinned upon the
branch; being careful to gather the bottom
edge closely around the branch.

Ordinarily they should be removed as
soon as possible after danger from outside
pollination has passed. If left upon the
limb the foliage and fruit are more apt to
become diseased, and plant lice are especially
liable to do harm. As long as there is danger
of a frost, however, leave the sacks on. I
prefer to remove them immediately after
the petals have dropped from the tree and
to spray very thoroughly with Bordeaux
mixture and an arsenite. Some workers
find it an advantage to leave the bags on
apple and pear crosses for three weeks, or
until the first brood of codling moths has
gone. If manila sacks are fastened on with
the label wire, they may be merely torn

Remarkable Evolution in Garden Beans—By E. D. Darlington, =

netting sacks.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

open, not removed. ‘The bags are best left
on grapes until the fruit is ripe. ..

To prevent depredations by birds and to
catch any fruits that drop prematurely,
crossed fruits may be covered with mosquito
This should: not be done
until the fruits approach maturity.

When pollination operations are €onducted
on a very large scale and complete accuracy
is not absolutely necessary, it is sometimes
expedient to dispense with sacks altogether.
Professor N. E. Hansen writes: “I am
getting away more and more from using
sacks. I try to avoid removing the stamens,
but apply the pollen early enough so there is
no danger from self-fertilization.”’

THE PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSES

This is extremely variable and depends
upon many factors, including the skill of the
worker; but the results of several men are
interesting as indicating about what may be
expected. Seven men of considerable ex-

APRIL, 1908

perience place their average of successes in
crossing fruit at 50, 50, 50, 45, 10, 10, and
2 per cent. respectively and their best results
have been 100, 95, 84, 60, 50, 30, and 14
per cent. respectively.

From 10,405 apple, pear, and peach
blossoms cross-pollinated at the Michigan
Agricultural College in 1906, 1,946 fruits set,
or a little over 17 per cent. This means
that a tremendous amount of work must be
done in the very short space of time when the
trees are in blossom; and one is likely to see
no results from much of it. There are
bound to be many failures; occasionally
there may be successes of go to 100 per cent.
when only a few blossoms are pollinated.
But pollination work,.though more uncertain
and often more discouraging than many
other lines of experimental horticulture,
has a fascination that of itself is fully as
much reward to the horticulturist as the
improved varieties that are frequently
secured by this means.

Pennsyl-

THE TRANSITION FROM THE FLAT, STRONG-FLAVORED FIBROUS KINDS THAT HAD TO BE EATEN VERY YOUNG TO
THE QUALITY BEANS OF TO-DAY, WITH THICK FLESHY PODS AND NO STRINGS, THAT CAN BE USED IN ANY STAGE

jee older beans (practically all those
which have come to us from Europe
and are grown as snap-shorts) have a dis-
tinctly stronger flavor than the newer
American varieties. They also havea less
fleshy, flat pod with a fibrous membrane
(known among seedsmen as “muslin”) and
well marked “‘strings” along the lines of union
of the two halves of the pod. The muslin
is less noticeable as the season or location
is cooler, and thus this type of bean, grown
from Philadelphia southward, does not begin
to compare in quality with the same bean
grown northward. At the same time, these

wax or yellow flat-podded bush beans are generally
fieshier than green pods (Wardwell’s Kidney wax)

tougher varieties are largely grown for mar-
ket in the South, because they stand shipping
better. The Europeans prefer the strong-
flavored type of bean, but they gather the
pods while yet very small and tender. The
modern, round-podded, fleshier, mild-fla-
vored bean has the muslin and strings re-
duced to almost nothing, and the pod so
swollen with succulent flesh that what was
the line of the string becomes an infolded
crease.

This type, produced by selection from the
old type, is variously termed “‘saddle-back,”
“fat-horse,” and “‘double-barrel,”’ and in the
finest selections retains the fleshiness and
freedom from strings even when the pods
have developed well-formed grains or seed.
The strings of the bean can usually be
detected by observing the point of the pod at
the flower end. If thisis extended rigidly, the
probabilities are that the pod is distinctly
stringy; if this is flaccid and inclined at an
angle, it may reasonably be expected that
the ped is practically stringless. But the
home gardener will find it much easier to
break the pod !

Beans may be considered under three
main heads according to the method of their
use. First, those in which the young pods
are used either as snap-shorts, or sliced (as
in the case of the scarlet runner). Second,
shell beans, the grain being removed from
the pod and used green, the lima being
the most popular type. Third, those of
which the dry seed is shelled and stored for
winter supply. Limas and some of the
other beans, such as the Horticultural and
Boston Favorite, are used thus. There are
both tall and bush or dwarf forms in each of
these divisions, and in some few cases a
variety is adapted for use in all three ways.

The dwarf or bush beans (14 to 24 feet
high), give the earliest yields and for that
reason are very popular for market crops
as well as for the home garden.

The tall, or pole kinds (with vine-like
stems, which needa trellis or stake support),
are preferred for late summer supply, either
for shelling or for snap-shorts, and also as
shell beans for winter, because they can be
very conveniently grown by planting in the
hills of corn, when the stalks of the latter
are used as support for the bean vines.

As a general rule the bush beans and the
semi-dwarf varieties of the tall beans are

Often a single plant
will carry fifty to seventy-five pods

The round podded wax bean.

APRIL, 1908

On a truck farm near Savannah,

the most suitable for the home garden because
they can be grown with the least trouble,
needing no supports.

Beans are among the most satisfactory
vegetables for the amateur gardener to grow
because they give a greater return in the
way of table supplies from a given area of
ground than any other of the fresh green
vegetables, and for lesslabor. ‘The time of
endurance for one sowing is longer than
with peas, and under favorable conditions
perhaps two pecks of pods may be had from
a row of fifty feet. From one sowing beans
can be picked for at least two weeks. By
succession sowings, beans can be had ap-
proximately from about the middle of June
until frost.

THE SNAP-SHORT BUSH BEANS

There are both green and yellow podded
varieties of bean used in the young state.
The portion sought is the flesh of the pod
itself which is either broken, or cut into
pieces, or sliced, and boiled in salted
water.

Of the green-podded bush beans, Mohawk,
Round Yellow Six Weeks and Long Yellow
Six Weeks are the best known. (These are
green-podded.) They are all flat-podded,
comparatively fleshless, with decided strings
and considerable fibre, and though esteemed

Ga.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

a” %

Copyright, 1903, by J. H. Tarbell

The beans develop less muslin or fibre in the North, but the tougher varieties ship better

as being useful for cool locations as well as
for early spring and for fall crops, they are
in fact no hardier and no earlier in season than
the much more desirable, more fleshy round-
podded sorts.

Of the latter type we have Burpee’s
Stringless Green Pod and Improved Round
Pod Valentine, Giant Stringless Valentine,
Extra Early Refugee, and the Refugee or
Thousand-to-One. These come into bear-
ing in the order named and by planting
Burpee’s Stringless Green Pod, Extra Early
Refugee, and Refugee at the same time, a
continuous supply of young pods will be
available over a period of fifteen days to
four weeks under ordinary weather condi-
tions. All these varieties have round,
meaty pods, free from strings, but the pods
become more or less curved during cold
weather or if the growth of the plant has been
stunted in any way. ‘Two little-known, but
very fine-flavored sorts of this type are Blue
Pod Butter, a German variety, with straight,
almost flat, but fairly fleshy and stringless
pods of a purplish tinge, and Crystal White
Wax with very pale or whitish green pods
of small size(three inches long) but solidly
fleshy, brittle, tender, and of the most delicate
flavor. ‘This is a late variety (like Refugee)
and excellent for summer use. It is also
known as the “ice bean” and “ivy bean,”

the first name being descriptive of the pods
and the latter of the small leaves.

WAX OR YELLOW-PODDED BUSH BEANS

Though the yellow, flat-podded bean is
distinctly more fleshy than the green pod,
there is the same inclination to develop
both strings and muslin. Burpee’s White
Wax is the best of the flat pods, having a
straight fleshy pod four inches long, free
from strings and fibre. This is an all-around
variety, being useful as a snap-short, as a
shell bean in the young stage (when the beans
reach good size), or as a dry white bean for
soup or baking. Other popular flat-podded
sorts are Wardwell’s Kidney Wax, Currie’s
Rust-proof Wax, and Golden Wax, which
do not materially differ.

Of the round, or meaty-podded, kinds the
earliest is the Dwarf German Black Wax,
maturing in six weeks. Pencil Pod Black
Wax and Brittle Wax have long, straight,
meaty pods of fine appearance and flavor
and require seven to eight weeks to bear.
Very late is Refugee Stringless Wax with
small, but very tender pods and the finest
flavor. Yosemite and Saddle Back have
the most meaty pods, but they are apt to
come distorted unless well grown. Davis
White Wax and Hudson Wax have long hand-
some pods of the most attractive appearance,

148

but the very decided muslin renders them
utterly valueless for the home garden.

BUSH BEANS FOR SHELLING

Bush varieties for green shell beans are
most largely planted in New England and
other cool locations where the season is too
cool and short for success with the lima
bean. Of this type the Goddard or Boston
Favorite and the Dwarf Horticultural or
Wren’s Egg are the most popular sorts. Of
those grown for the dry beans, to be used
during the winter months, the White Marrow-
fat has seed of the popular type for baking,
while the Boston Small Pea is planted for
the small soup cr navy bean.

POLE VARIETIES FOR SNAP-SHORTS AND
GREEN SHELL BEANS

The earliest variety of the pole-beans
grown for snap-shorts is the White Crease-
back, maturing in eight to ten weeks.
This has a slender, very meaty round pod
five to six inches in length, quite brittie,
tender and entirely stringless. The dry
beans are small and pearly white, making
an excellent soup or navy bean for winter
use. Next in season is the Southern Pro-
lific, a slender, round pod six inches or
more in length, of fine appearance and good
flavor, but now almost entirely discarded
for the larger, longer pod of the Old Home-
stead or Kentucky Wonder. The latter
is a strong grower and very productive, hay-
ing large, round, meaty, ‘“saddle-backed”’
pods eight to nine inches in length which
hang in clusters well out from the foliage

and are easily gathered. On the other

hand, the large pods are not as uniform in
shape nor as attractive in appearance as the
more slender pod of the Southern Prolific.
In size and form of pod, Burger’s Stringless
Green Pod is similar to the Old Homestead,
but is a darker, richer green; the crop ma-
tures a little earlier
| in the season and
| bears for a longer
| time. ‘The seed is
| pure white. In all
respects I think this
Pas tlle Wenybest
early pole snap
bean, but it is not
yet generally
(, known. As ‘an
| early variety for
cool locations,
White Dutch Case-
knife, one of the
older sorts, is still
the leader. It has
a broad flat pod
seven inches long,
fairly fleshy, and
besides being a
good snap-short, is
also grown for a
green shell bean to
be used like the
limas.
For summer use,
the wax or yellow-
podded pole varie-

Ruby Horticultural, a
favorite type of shell bean
in New England

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ties are the best, the earliest being the
Golden Cluster Wax, a strong grower and
bearing a large crop of meaty, brittle,
stringless, golden-yellow pods eight inches
long. ‘The seed is pure white and excellent
for use either as a green or dry shell sort.
Sunshine Wax is similar in appearance and
season, but the pods are slightly larger,
the beans longer and reddish-brown when
ripened. The Golden Carmine Horticul-
tural is a very strong grower on rich soil
and bears very large, handsome, golden-
yellow pods of the finest quality for snap-
shorts. As the pods become older they are
brightly marked with carmine stripes and
splashes, and the green shell beans at this
stage havea peculiarly dry, chestnutty flavor.

For a fall supply of snap-shorts, the Lazy
Wife is the most popular, bearing large clus-
ters of meaty pods, slightly flattened, and
about four inches in length. The dry beans
are almost round, pure white, and excellent

Pole varieties are later than bush kinds and are
often quite ornamental. Limas on the left

for baking. ‘Two new varieties for fall use
are the Powell’s Prolific and Royal Corn
which succeed each other in season. Both
are very strong growers and produce im-
mense clusters of long, slender, round pods,
seven to eight inches in length and of about
the diameter of a lead pencil. Both are
brittle and stringless and of fine flavor.
They can readily be grown in the corn field
and will be very largely planted when their
merits become known.

For summer use as green shell beans in
New England and other cool locations, the
Horticultural and the large-podded Worces-
ter Mammoth Podded Horticultural are very
largely planted. ‘They have dark green pods,
which as the beans develop become heavily
marked with carmine splotches.

SHOWY FLOWERED RUNNER BEANS

The “runner” beans form a group by
themselves. They are strong-growing vines

APRIL, 1908

Round podded kidney waxis used as a snap short,
or for shelling. Note the meatiness in section

attaining a height of eight feet, with very
large dark green leaves and long sprays of
very showy blossoms. The pods are large
— six inches long — thick and solidly meaty
when young. Gathered at this stage they
are sliced in very thin sections with a sharp
knife instead of being broken like snap-
shorts.

These pods are a very deep green color
with a rough, file-like exterior. The dry
beans are very large (an inch or more long)
and plump, of fine appearance, prettily
mottled purple, violet and black, and they
can be used as green shell beans like the
lima. These runners are exceedingly popu-
lar in Europe and are valued by gardeners
in the cooler sections of this country. The
scarlet runner, or fire bean, the best known
variety, is frequently planted in the flower
garden for its brilliant scarlet flowers. The
White Dutch runner is similar in all respects
except that the blossoms and dry beans are
a pure paper white in color. Some of the
recently introduced English sorts have a
large pea-like blossom with a scarlet stand-
ard and pure white wings. ‘These are very
showy, but do not have as large a pod as
the two varieties already named.

THE TALL-GROWING LIMA BEANS

The lima beans are a perfectly distinct
class and, to my taste, the finest of all beans.
They are warmth-loving plants and need an
ample supply of sunlight and very rich soil
to give the most satisfactory results. The
pole or running type of the lima is the
most largely planted, but the amateur gar-
dener will probably find the dwarf or bush
limas most convenient. ‘The several differ-
eut varieties which may be classed into three
distinct types are the Sieva, the Large White
Lima and the Potato Lima.

The Sieva or small lima is much the
earliest type, having a small and slightly
glossy leaf, and bears most abundantly,
The small, smooth, shiny pods hang out
from the foliage in large clusters. It is not
unusual to count several hundred or as high
as a thousand pods on a single well-grown
pole. The pods measure three inches in
length and usually contain three small,

j
|
|

9

’

1908

APRIL,

There are three well marked types of lima bzans,
and dwarfs of each. The Kumerle

flat beans, which are of delicious flavo1
if gathered before they reach full size.
This small-podded, early variety is most
largely planted in the warm Southern
states, where they are known as “butter
beans” and are esteemed as being of a finer
flavor than the large lima. The only draw-
back concerning them is that they are not
as easily shelled as the larger podded sorts,
and it takes a large gathering of pods to
make a dish of beans for the table. The
small Carolina is the leading variety of
this type and it is also sold under other
names such as the Early Dawn, etc.
Other varieties of the type differ in the
colored markings of the dry seed, and
are not so attractive when prepared for
the table.

The Large White Lima and its varieties
is the type usually grown in the middle
states. It has quite large, somewhat hairy
leaves, and larger, broader pods, containing
three very broad beans, and on the improved
sorts, four, five, and even six beans to a pod.
The New Early Leviathan is, I think, the
earliest and most satisfactory of this type,
being a quick, strong grower and a good
and continuous bearer. The pods are
straight, about five inches long and average
four beans to a pod. Siebert’s Early and
Early Jersey are popular early sorts with
a broad, slightly curved pod and an average
of three large beans to a pod.

Of the very large podded sorts (five inches
long) and which are correspondingly later
in season, the King of the Garden is the
leading variety, but there are several special
selections offered by seedsmen under such
names as Ford’s Mammoth Podded, etc.,
in which the trait of producing five or more
very large beans to a pod has become fixed.
To get good results from these very large
podded sorts, the soil must be made almost
excessively rich and the poles planted
at a good distance apart (four feet at
least). Cultivation must be thorough and
constant.

In a cool season these large limas may
make an excessive growth of vine and
foliage, when it is necessary to cut off the
tops of the vines as soon as they reach the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

top of the pole, also trimming back the
laterals to check growth.

The third type of lima bean is the Potato
or Challenger, also known as Dreer’s Lima.
This has a less vigorous growth, smaller and
more open foliage, the pods short and thick
(three to four inches in length), with three
or four very plump or rounded beans,
crowded so closely in the pods as to have
the ends slightly flattened as they rest against
each other in the pod. It is a sure setter
of pods and does well in cool weather, hence
is quite largely planted for the fall mar-
kets; but the beans are dry and more mealy
in texture and less pleasing in flavor than
either the Sieva or the Large White. They
have, however, the merit of retaining a

The tong crooked pod of the Onondaga. Better

grow a straight podded sort

more distinctly green color when cooked
and in the dry seed bean.

THE MERITS OF THE BUSH LIMAS

From two to four weeks earlier than their .

corresponding pole types are the bush forms
of the foregoing. They avoid the labor
and expense of providing poles, can be
planted closer together, are more easily
cultivated. Curiously enough the dwarts of
all three types originated at about the same
time, as sports from the tall growing sorts,
and bear the same relation to each other.
Dwarf Sieva or Henderson’s Bush Lima,
the earliest, has small dark glossy leaves
and smooth, shiny pods. Both pods and
beans are comparatively small in size, but
the young beans have a delicious flavor.
The Wood’s Prolific or Improved Hender-
son is rather stronger in growth, a little later
—a week perhaps—and has pods and
beans fully a third longer.

Next in earliness comes the Burpee Bush
Lima, the dwarf type of the large white
Lima, having large, rough leaves and a
large, broad, slightly curved pod, containing

149

two to three large beans. An earlier strain
of this variety, selected to a dwarf and very
compact type of growth, is offered under the
names of Burpee’s Quarter Century and
Dreer’s Wonder. These are developed in
widely different localities by careful selection
of the earliest beans and most compact
growth, but are practically the same variety.
A variety of this type introduced last season
under the name of the Burpee Improved
Bush Lima, is a very strong grower with
extra large pods and beans, frequently com-
ing with four and five beans to a pod, and
resembling the large-podded King of the
Garden in all but growth.

The dwarf or bush type of the fat potato
lima is known as the Kumerle or Dreer’s
Bush Lima. The plants spread out on the
ground about two feet on each side of the
row. It is a sure setter and productive
even in wet weather, but later in season than
the other bush sorts. They are easily shelled
but have a rather dry and chestnutty flavor
as compared with the others. A variety
of this introduced last spring as Fordhook,
has plants more erect or bush-like, with
larger pods and beans.

ENGLISH BROAD BEANS

As a green shell bean the Windsor or
“horse bean” is highly esteemed abroad,
and here, too, where it succeeds. The
plants grow with a single stalk, stiffly erect,
about two feet in height with hairy leaves
of a silvery tint and a showy black and
white blossom. The pods are three inches
or more in length, quite round and well filled
with large plump beans. The pods do not
set well during our hot summer months, but
a July planting will bear fairly well during
the cool fall months and they can be grown
successfully in a cocl location or in the South
during the winter, where they are known and
esteemed as “bacon beans.”

Onondaga is a profitable bean as regards yield but
its appearance is not attractive. Not much in favor

Garden Tools that Really Help, I.—By J. L. Kayan, »x:

THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF CRITICAL STUDIES BY AN AMATEUR WHO HAS TRIED ALL PATTERNS OF TOOLS, NOT MERE
CATALOGUE DESCRIPTIONS, BUT A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL ACCOUNT OF THE TOOLS THAT EXCEL, AND WHY THEY,DO so

[Epiror’s Nore—Mr. Kayan is the author of two other remarkably interesting articles already published in THE GarpeN Magazine, viz: “A Vest-pocket Sysar of Garden
Records,” in February, 1907, and “ How to Plan a Perfect Vegetable Garden,” last month. He carefully analyzes the problem before him and the conclusions reached have the special merit
of being matured, logical deductions of some years, not snap judgments based on fancy or partial trials.|

(poe tools only, a hoe a rake and a

spade, are considered by many people
to be an adequate equipment of gardening
tools. But the progressive gardener finds
that to perform each gardening operation
quickly and thoroughly a larger assortment
is a necessity. To meet the argument of
those who claim they cannot be bothered
with special tools for special purposes, I
say that a competent workman in any line
never attempts to perform all his work with
one tool—he knows it would be impossible.

1. Trowels and weeders showing the forms of
blades and, above, the angle at which they should
be set to do the most effectual work

No mechanic would attempt to do a piece
of cabinet work with just a hatchet, one
saw and one plane, and equally so no gar-
dener can perform all garden operations
with one hoe, one rake, and a spade.

The saving of time, 7. e., labor, is the first
ess2ntial in all mechanical operations and
a tool that will save one-half to nine-tenths
of the time usually necessary, while also
doing the work as well, or even better, is cer-
tainly worth attention. I have tested various
shapes, depths of blade, and angles of hoes
and other tools by use in the garden to
ascertain which of the various designs would
produce the best results from the least
expenditure of time and labor. The tools now
illustrated and described are what J have
found to give the greatest saving of time
and labor.

SHORT-HANDLED WEEDERS AND DIGGERS

This includes those used in transplanting,
thinning and weeding. Two views of each
are given in figure 1.

Bricklaver’s pointing trowel (No.1). This
is, of course, not even listed as a garden tool,
but Ihave found it indispensable as it

answers the purpose of both knife and
trowel for cutting apart and lifting tomato,
pepper, and other plants from the flats when
setting them out; for gathering and trimming
lettuce, cabbage, etc., it is just the tool.
The blade is five inches long and two and
one-half inches at its widest part, thin and
sharp on both edges. The full length is
nine and one-half inches.

Planting trowel (No. 2). A very useful,
in fact indispensable, tool for making holes,
for setting out all kinds of vegetables and
flowering plants. It can be had with various
lengths of blade from five to eight inches,
but the best for general use is the size illus-
trated, having the blade seven inches long,
three and three-quarters wide and bent to
form a segment of a circle; the full length
is twelve and one-half inches.

Iron dibber (No. 3). Is a necessity for
setting out cabbage, celery, lettuce, etc.
Those who have always done the work with
a home-made tool such as an old spade
handle, sharpened, do not know the luxury
of setting out plants with a tool like this, nor
the rapidity with which the work can be done.
The polished tapered planting end of this
tool is five inches long and one and one-
quarter inches in diameter: from the point to
the top of pistol handle it is nine and three-
quarters inches long. Also made in all brass,
and wood handle with brass or iron point.

The Lang weeder (No. 4). It is a very
handy tool for thinning and weeding onions,
beets, carrots, celery, etc. Try one and
you will wonder how you did without it
before. The handle is cast malleable iron
and has a soft
leather loop at-
tached, which is
slipped over the
Blvwioloy,| Ans
leaves the fingers
free to thin plants
or pull weedswith-
out dropping the
tool. The blade,
which sets at an
obtuse angle to the
handle, is made of
a piece of sheet
steel seven-eighths
of an inch wide
and about 16
gauge in thick-
ness, is sharp on
the end and both
edges and bent to
shape shown. The
end blade is one
inch long, the dis-
tance across the
loop two inches

Rees

8. The shaft or handle is
of a different length for the
different tools

150

and the distance from bottom of loop to
handle is two and one-half inches. The
full length is seven inches.

Weeder (No. 5). A very handy tool used
for the same purpose as the Lang, but is

2. These five hoes will answer all requirements
if the blades are set as shown. This must usually
be done at home however

adapted for heavier work. The handle
is of wood, the blade is one inch wide, heavier
and set straight with the handle; the end
blade is two and one-half inches long, dis-
tance across loop four and one-half inches
and from the bottom of the loop to handle is
two inches. ‘he total length is ten inches.

Onion weeder (No. 6). ‘This is the name
given by the maker, but its uses are varied.
It is most handy for weeding and stirring
the soil between plants in the garden or
flower beds, wherever close, careful work
is necessary. The blade is four inches wide,
one and three-quarters inches deep, and
sets at an angle of thirty-three degrees to
the handle. The full length is eleven inches.
This tool works very rapidly and should be in
every garden kit.

Garden line reel. A light-weight line wound
around one of the two galvanized iron stakes
three-eights of an inch in diameter and
twelve inches long is shown in No. 7. As
illustrated, one end of the stake is bent over
and the other pointed; as usually made
they have a loop on one end. These were
made from an old galvanized iron awning
frame, and for rows up to seventy-five feet
I find this form better than the cumbersome
garden line reel sold by dealers.

The tools numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, are,
to my mind, actual necessities in the smallest
garden. The whole collection of small
tools should be in the possession of every
gardener, however, as each one has a special
use and will do its particular work better
than any substitute.

LONG-HANDLED HOES, RAKES, ETC.

Of all the tools of the garden the hoe is
used the most frequently; at planting time,
during the growth of the crop and at harvest

APRIL, 1908

time, too, the hoe
in some form or
cther is always
called fcr. And
from this very great
diversity of uses it
is but reasonable to
consider that there
should be a diver-
sity of form.
rake is stronger than a T A hoe is a tool
SIRETO HOE! to scratch and
scrape; it is not in-
tended to be used for chopping. Various
forms are shown in the illustration on
page 150, two views of each tool being
presented to show the shape and the angle
of blade to handle at which each one works
best.

The weeding hoe, shown in No. 8, is the
easiest and fastest working hoe that I have
ever used, but cannot be bought as shown.
However, it is easy to adapt one to my
pattern. Buy a square-top hoe with as
shallow a blade as possible and cut this to
two inches in depth. It can then easily be
cut to any width desired and set at the
proper angle, 63 degrees. ‘The one illustrated
is eight inches wide and the handle four feet
eight inches long. While it can be used
the same way as any other hoe, the angle
at which the blade sets to the handle gives
it such a draw cut, that when pressed into
the soil and drawn forward quickly, the
soil passes over the shallow blade and falls
behind itin a crumbled condition nearly
as level as it was before hoeing. If the soil
does not crumble easily a sliding backward
motion will complete the pulverizing and
place the hoe in position for the next stroke.
These strokes can be made from a few inches
to three feet or more in length, according
to the nature of the soil and the work.

The shallow blade permits the use of the
hoe under such low-growing plants as let-
tuce and cabbage without injuring them.
As it can also be used between plants set
close in the row, hoeing between rows and
plants can be completed at one time. One
trial will prove my assertion that a shallow-
bladed hoe, set at an angle that will give a
good draw cut will loosen and pulverize the
soil in one-half to one-quarter the time re-
quired for the same work with a half moon,
or a hilling hoe; even if those two hoes are
- set at the same angle as this, they lack its
efficiency because of their greater depth.

The Warren, or all-purpose hoe (No 9),
has a multitude of uses, and will answer for
Nos. 11 and 12 in most circumstances.
The point, ears, or edges of the blade are
used as needed for opening furrows of any
depth, covering seed, general hoeing, and
for drawing the earth to the plants, called hill-
ing. It is also useful for loosening the soil
for successive plantings. The garden outfit
is incomplete without it. The one figured
has a blade six and one-half inches long
from tip of ear to point, but it may be had
with either a seven, seven and one-half, -or
eight inch blade. This blade has a slight
forward curve frem its connection with its
shank to the point, being shaped somewhat

4. A full bow frame

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

like the double shovel plow. Both edges
and ears are sharp; it is set at the same angle
as No. 8, and has the same length handle.

Lightning scuffle hoe (No. 10). This is well
named for with it the soil can be loosened
and pulverized at a saving of three-fourths
of the time required by the use of the ordinary
hoe. It can be used for weeding among the
vegetable plants without danger of cutting
them off, as the upturned ends show the path
of the blade. It is invaluable in a grape
or berry border. To illustrate the speed
of this hoe: a border three feet wide and sixty
feet long, planted with twenty-four berry
bushes can be hoed with ease in ten minutes;
I have done it in eight minutes. For loosen-
ing the soil and destroying weeds over large
areas, there is no tool that can compare

a 4

5. Showing the proper angle for the various
blades. The dotted line shows the hoe handle; the
numbers at the ends of the solid lines correspond
with those in figure 2

with it except the wheel hoe. The double-
edged scuffle hoe is made in a variety of
sizes and shapes, all of which work very
rapidly. It is operated by moving it back-
ward and forward, the blade working be-
neath the surface, loosening the soil, and
crumbling it as it passes over the blade and
cutting off all plants in its path. The one

_shown here has a six-foot handle and the

blade measures nine inches between the
upturned ears. It is V-shaped and sharp
on all its edges and set at an angle of 33
degrees to the handle.

The half-moon hoe (No. 11) isa very pop-
ular tool, but the depth of the blade and the
angle at which it is set draws the soil along in
front of the blade and when the soil is crusted,
it requires a chopping motion to produce
results. This is tiresome and slow. It
is useful, however, when it is desired to hoe
a hill at one time, but works much slower
than hoe No. 8. The popular width of the
blade, as illustrated, is seven inches, but is
made in various widths of from three
to eight inches, and three to three and one-
half inches in depth. The blade usually
sets at an angle of 68 to 70 degrees to the

151

handle, which is four and two-thirds feet
long.

Hilling hoe (No. 12) in its various
forms has a number of names, but the one
used is as common as any. Notwithstand-
ing that this is a very popular type of hoe, it
nevertheless wastes more labor than any
hoe Iever used. The inclination of the blade
and its depth make it a first-class hoe for
hilling purposes, but as a tool for general
cultivaticn it is a failure as compared with
hoe No. 8. Nurserymen and truckers may
find various uses for this hoe, but it has no
place in the home garden. The one illus-
trated is eight inches wide and four and
one-half inches deep to the top of the ears,
as the two curved portions at the top of the
blade are called. It is also made with a
square top and from six to eight inches in
width and three to five inches in depth.
The blade sets at the same angle as No. 11
and has a handle the same length.

I especially recommend weeding hoe,
Warren hoe and lightning scuffle hoe. These
form a trio that will loosen the soil, kill the
weeds, and do the general work of the garden
with less labor than any other combination
of hand tools on the market (excepting only
the wheel hoe, and are valuable even to
supplement the work of that invaluable
tool). All can be bought easily except
No. 8, which must be made and No. to,
which is not commonly in the stores.

MAKING HOE WORK EASY

The angle of a hoe blade to the handle,
makes all the difference between easy work-
ing and the reverse, yet few people give it
any consideration. The angles recommended
for the different forms of hoes are those that
have actually given the best results. To
secure these angles the user will have to set
the blades himself by bending the shank,
as of a dozen hoes of the same pattern pur-
chased at one time to make into my weeding
hoe, hardly two were set at the same angle,
the variation being as muchas 5 degrees: Two
Warren hoes had 5
degrees difference in
the set of the blade.
The height of the
person using, the
length of his arms,
or the length of the
hoe-handle will
make some slight
difference, of course.
The only thing to
do is to make a trial
at the angles given
and if they do not
give the proper re-
sults alter them to
suit your individual
needs. In the dia-
gram of angles the
line a 6 represents
the hoe handle, the
lines extending
from 6 to the vari-
ous numbers repre-
sent the set or angle
of the blade fcr the

tesres a

6. The spading fork, 14,
which supplants the ordi-
nary spade; a planting
spade, 15; and a setting
rod, 16

152

hoes represented by the corresponding num-
bers used in the illustrations; for example,
the angle of 33 degrees formed by the lines
a b, 6 and 10, is the angle for onion weeder
(No. 6) and lightning scuffle hoe (No. 10).

The diagram may be used for setting the
blades, by placing a sheet of heavy paper
beneath the page on which it is printed; with
a needle prick the points a and 3, also the
end of the line forming the angle of the hoe
to be set. With a straight edge and a sharp
pencil draw lines exactly through the points
marked and sufficiently long that when cut
on these lines the angle forms can be used
to try the set of the blade.

THE MANY PURPOSE RAKE

Of course a rake is included in one’s tool
outfit; it is useful for clearing up, for leveling,
and in mellow soils it can often be used in
place of the hoe for first cultivation and for
keeping down weeds before planting time.
For firming the soil over seed, it has no
equal, as it presses it firmly over the seed
without packing the surface. I greatly pre-
fer the full bow frame, instead of the ordinary
construction because it serves to keep the
head of the rake straight, making it much
stiffer and less liable to bend under a blow

Harmony in

WHY NOT HAVE SOMETHING BETTER THAN A KALEIDOSCOPE IN YOUR FLOWER GARDEN?

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

or pressure than when the shank is attached
to the centre of the head. I also prefer the
curved teeth, as when pulled forward they
cut through the soil and draw along all
lumps too large to pass between them; pushed
backward, the curve causes them to over-
ride and cut or pulverize the clods of earth.
It is made in sizes from ten to sixteen inches,
having from ten to sixteen teeth which are
three and one-half inches long. The handle
is six feet long for the 16-inch size, and five
and one-half feet long for the 1o-inch size.

FORK VERSUS SPADE

The only spade that need be included
is the planting spade, a miniature, but not a
toy. In all ordinary digging work in the
cultivated garden the spading fork is by far
the handiest tool. A small-bladed spade
has many uses; it is an excellent tool for set-
ting out plants too large for the planting
trowel; for transplanting corn, beans, etc.,
to fill gaps; for transplanting parsley, etc., to
coldframes; and for planting dahlias and
other rocts and bulbs. The planting spade
has a blade five inches wide and nine inches
deep; the full length is two feet seven inches.

The gardener will have no use for an ordi-
nary spade after he has tried digging with a

the Hardy Border—By Louise Shaw,

APRIL, 1908

fork, as it reduces the labor fully one-half.
Try it just once for earthing up celery. The
fork is much easier to force into the soil,
and when a forkful is turned, striking it with
the tines pulverizes it instead of tamping
it down as does the spade. Forks can be
had with either flat or triangular tines, the
latter have one sharp edge (on the back)
and, I think, pulverize better than the flat
tines. I know they are easier to clean and
keep bright. The full length of the fork
is three feet seven inches, with either four
or five tines eleven inches long and curved
slightly. The five-tine fork is slightly
wider and heavier than the other.

FOR SETTING POLES, ETC.

The last of the elementary tools really nec-
essary is merely a piece of one-inch pipe, five
feet long, one end pointed to drive holes, the
other is capped for tamping. It is used for
setting bean poles, stakes for tomatoes, and
other light work, not for prying out stumps or
other heavy work. It is better than a solid iron
bar, not weighing half as much and, therefore,
requiring less labor. Poles two inches in
diameter can be set very rapidly and at any
depth, and poles three inches in diameter can
be set two feet into the ground with it.

New
Jersey

HERE ARE NINE DIFFER-

ENT COLOR COMBINATIONS THAT GIVE FLOWERS IN SUCCESSION FROM APRIL TO NOVEMBER AND NO NERVE SHOCKS

I HAVE been working to plan a hardy

border which shall present from spring to
autumn a succession of color combinations,
each one of which shall dominate the border
while in bloom and be its whole centre of
attraction. Many are the descriptions of
hardy borders that I have read, but the one
of my dreams is still waiting to be realized.
That there should be some-
thing in bloom from May to
October and that no violent
discord of color should be
permitted is as much as the
small gardener strives to at-
tain, while borders devoted to

Common Name

in front of them. The effect when they
bloomed the next June was one of the love-
liest I have ever seen. Behind the low-lying
mass of delicate pink bells rose the tall spires
of the foxgloves, some white and some a
dull red that was only a deeper tone of the
Canterbury bell pink. For two weeks that
corner of the garden reigned supreme and

Botanical Name Season

a single color have been suc-
cessfully planned in larger
gardens.

The idea was suggested to
me several years ago by one
of those happy accidents that
are the joy of gardening. One
summer I raised a thriving
lot of young foxgloves and
pink cup-and-saucer Canter-
bury bells, and, as good luck
would have it—for I had
never seen either one of them
before and was growing them
chiefly for the sake of their
names —I planted the fox-
gloves in the back of the hardy
border and made an irregular
group of the Canterbury bells

» and}?

Forget-me-not ..--
~ Poet’s narcissus. . -
Hardy alyssum ...
Tulip ?Immaculée .
Lemonlily. . . .
German iris . . .
Foxglove. . .
Canterbury bell. -

E' English larkspur
Madonna lily. . .
Pink hollyhock . -
Coreopsis sane
Cardinal flower . -
Ieeihys Soe 6 6
Phlox Jeanne d’Arc
Veronica. .

Wild purple aster .
2 African marigold .

-| May 15. .

Myosotis dissitiflora. . .
Narcissus poeticus. . . :
Alyssum saxatile. . . . - -| Mayr. -
3|| WMlaby ms 5
Juner. .

-| June rs .

-| June rs .
June 15 -.

July

: July
-| July

-| July

- -| Aug.
-| Aug.

-| Aug.
Aug.
Sept.

-| Oct.
Oct. 1. .

Hemerocallis flava. . -
Iris Germanica ... .-
. -| Digitalis purpurea . . .
Campanula Medium, var.
calycanthema rosea
Delphinium grandiflorum
Lilium candidum. .. .
Althea rosea

Coreopsis tinctoria . . .
Lobelia cardinalis . . -
Lilium tigrinum. .. .
Phlox paniculata, var. -
Veronica longifolia. . .

(nothing
Aster Novae-Anglie . .
Tagetes erecta

This planting plan is desigoned to give a succession of dominant color combinations

in perfect harmony throughout the season.

-| May 15. .|

- .| white

-) pale pink
-| russetand gold
-| clear red
-| yellowish pink
-| white

-| deep blue

-| purple

we realized as we never had before how much
more beautiful a flower can be when it is
planted with another that brings out its beauty
of color and outline. From this the idea grew
of a border which should contain only such
wonderful combinations, succeeding each
other with as little overlapping as possible.

By dint of observation and experiment
I have finally gathered to-
gether nine such combina-
tions, giving bloom from the
first of May until the middle
of October except, unfortu-
nately, for the whole of
September. That month in
my garden calendar is bare
of flowers of good perennials,
or at least of any good enough
for this hardy border.

The season opens with white
tulips and hardy yellow alys-
sum. L’Immaculée is a good
tulip for this purpose, and is
prettiest scattered among the
alyssum, neither in front nor
behind it. These two are at
the height of their bloom by
the first of May and are suc-
ceeded by poet’s narcissus
with blue spring - flowering
forget-me-nots in front. The
touch of orange in the cups
of the narcissus gives warmth
to the blue and white and

Color

blue

white

yellow

white

yellow

yel. to purple
wh. and red
pink

blue

all shades yel.

—
a

oe

ee eee

APRIL, 1908

makes a harmonizing point of contact
for the bits of alyssum still blooming. My
idea is to make a border of these four, the
whole length of the bed, forget-me-nots on
the edge with narcissus behind them and
back of these two a band of alyssum and
tulips. To relieve the stiffness of the long
straight lines the alyssum should jut back
irregularly into the border, as I have tried
to illustrate in the accompanying plan.

Third in order, to usher in the month of
June, are lemon lilies and German iris. But
only certain varieties of the iris may be
used. Closest to the lemon lilies should
come the fawn-and-violet variety and last
the purple and violet. A pure purple is
needed on the end to carry through the
color scheme, but the only purple variety
I know blooms too early. The three I
have described are common unnamed sorts,
to be found in every nursery. German iris
grows from two to three feet high and the
lemon lilies, which are a trifle taller, should
go diagonally behind it. Both are quite
over blooming by the fifteenth of June,
when the glorious display of foxgloves and
Canterbury bells claims the whole border.

Don’t wait until autumn to sow seed for
next year’s blooming —that’s my experience.
Start the seed not later than the middle of
May to get strong plants by autumn with
plenty of crowns from which to send up
flower stalks in the spring. Well grown
foxgloves should have flower spikes four to
six feet in height; Canterbury bells are about
two feet high, and it is a good plan to set
them well back from the edge of the border,
so that the branches of the front row may
lean to the ground and carry the color all
the way down. They are, unfortunately,
biennial and so must be raised every year.
Foxgloves are perennial, but short lived,
and it is well to keep a supply of young
plants in,the nursery bed to replace any the
winter may kill in the border.

The first of July gives another blue and
white combination. By that time the tall
English larkspurs have sent up their col-
umns of azure, and it would be hard to find
a more perfect background for the exquisite
outlines of the pure white Madonna lily.
But with all its loveliness the combination
is a little cold, and a group of delicate pink
hollyhocks near the larkspur adds the needed
touch of warmth. As hollyhocks grow
from six to nine feet they must go at the
back of the border on a line with the lark-
spurs. To get them blooming with Madonna
lilies they must be established plants;
seedlings raised the preceding summer do
not come into bloom until later in the
season. The Madonna lilies go in front of
the larkspurs as they seldom grow taller
than four feet.

The larkspurs have so long a season to
bloom that they also play a part in the next
combination with the little russet and gold
coreopsis. This grows about four feet
high and is best treated as a biennial. The
seed is sown not earlier than the first of
July, as plants started early enough to bloom
the first year will never make a good show-
ing the second. Larkspurs, on the other

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

hand, are started as early as possible —April
out of doors or March ina coldframe. Well-
grown seedlings will send up several columns
of bloom five to seven feet high the follow-
ing year, and I have had established plants
with as many as twenty-one stalks. Plant
coreopsis to the front of the larkspur,
whose solid blue ranks are wonderfully re-
lieved by its thousands of sparkling blossoms.

August gives us two combinations. For
the first half, cardinal flowers and _ tiger
lilies. Every one who has grown tiger

White and red foxgloves flowering in company
with pink Canterbury bells gave the original idea
for the border

lilies knows the difficulty of finding anything
to go with their peculiar yellowish pink
color, yet when left to themselves they
seem incomplete. You wonder why they
are not more beautiful. This problem was
solved for us by a stray seedling of cardinal
flower, that sowed itself in a group of the
lilies. The clear red, free from all suggestion
of yellow, emphasized the pink tones of the
tiger lilies and made them more beautiful
and satisfying than before. Tiger lilies
and cardinal flowers grow about the same
height, varying from three to five feet
according to the moisture of the soil. It
is best to keep the tiger lilies to the front,

153

as their outline is an important part o1 their
beauty. Though the cardinal flower is a bien-
nial it self-sows freely and the seedlings are
easy to transplant in the early spring. In
my garden tiger lilies have suffered more
than any other from the “lily disease,”
but it is so easy to raise new bulbs that I
have never troubled to treat the old ones.
If the little black bulbs that grow in the
axils of the leaves are gathered and sown
in rows in the nursery in the autumn some
of them will bloom the second summer, and
nearly all of them the third.

For the second half of August there are
Veronica longifolia and white phlox. A
comparatively low-growing phlox, like Jeanne
d’Arc, should be used with the veronica, that
the grace of its curving blue sprays may be
emphasized against the white background.
Veronica is about thirty inches high, to the
tips of its flower spikes; the phlox should
not be higher than three feet. Both are
best increased by division of the root.

September, as I have already confessed,
is a blank, but in October the border is
glorious again with purple and gold. One
autumn day I brought home from a walk
three plants of the common purple aster.
They were a scant three feet tall, but the
blossoms seemed larger than usual. I
soaked the roots free from the tangle of grass
and weeds they were growing in and divided
them into eight small plants. They re-
ceived no care the following summer but
ordinary weeding, and they sent up ten
stalks between six and seven feet high
and clothed to within two feet of the ground
with side branches varying in length from
two feet at the bottom to six inches near the
top. Each plant was a pyramid of purple
and a more perfect background cannot be
imagined for the great golden and lemon
and orange globes of African marigolds.
To carry out the idea of a hardy border
one might use yellow chrysanthemums in-
stead of marigolds, but unfortunately, the
truly hardy chrysanthemums are scarcely
in bloom kefore November and the asters
are then gone. Marigolds, of course, are
easily frosted but the blossoms make a brave
show long after the leaves are black and
drooping.

Such a border as I have been describing,
has, of course, one obvious disadvantage;
it is practicable only for a large garden, as
it must refuse admittance to so many of
the host of May and June perennials that
one cannot do without. Who, for instance,
would have a garden without the great
flame-colored Oriental poppy ?——but not one
of its contemporaries can stand beside it.
The choice is further limited by the over-
lapping seasons of bloom of the successive
combinations, making it necessary to choose
plants that harmonize with those blooming
immediately before and after them. Much,
however, can be accomplished by taking
care not to place successive combinations
in juxtaposition; the accompanying plan
illustrates this point and shows the border
complete, but for the two September com-
binations. Have the readers of THE GARDEN
MAGAzINE any suggestions for that month?

1. The common typical American or white e-m
(Ulmus Americana)

2. The willow type, good for shade. More spreading. Also

common

3. Vase type, feathered. Excellent for street
planting

The Types of the American Elm-—By C. C. Laney, “3

THE VASE, PITCHER, UMBRELLA, WILLOW AND OAK TYPES OF ELMS CAN BE DETECTED EVEN AMONG FIVE-
YEAR-OLD TREES IN NURSERY ROWS—WHICH FORMS ARE BEST FOR STREETS AND WHICH FOR LAWNS AND PARKS

Hee you ever noticed that the elms
which you see all around you show
several well-marked differences of form?
If not, look at the accompanying pictures,
which will prove the point.

The white or American elm (Ulmus
Americana) as seen standing in an open
space where it has grown for years undis-
turbed by man is surely one of the most
interesting of our native trees. Certain
forms are so frequently repeated that we can
divide them into types, each of which is as
distinct as the breeds of certain domestic

4. The feather character though most common in
the vase form is seen also in all others

animals. Some nurserymen by grafting
have produced types that they recommend
for street tree planting so that all the trees
on a street are of the same type. Imagine
a street planted with elm trees each one of
which was of the vase type as shown in the
illustration (Fig. 3) of the very beautiful
elm which grows on the Latta Road near
Charlotte, N. Y. This tree is known by
the residents in the vicinity as the “Golden
Rod” and the “Bouquet.”

A feathered elm is one on which small
branches grow on the stem covering the
trunk nearly to the ground. Frequently
a vase type of elm is feathered as in this
case, but elms of other forms are also often
beautifully feathered, and the effect produced
by the green mantle of foliage is very pleasing.

The pitcher type (Fig. 5) reminds one of
a water pitcher by the peculiar shape’of the
branches on one side of the tree. In a ride
of a few miles in western New York several
handsome specimens of this interesting type
may be seen. ‘They are generally tall with a
long bare trunk.

Occasionally one sees a two-storied elm
(Fig. 11) which is too rare to be classed as
a general type, but which so greatly resem-
bles a sturdy oak that it might be classed
with the oak tree type which is met with
often enough to be called a type. (Fig. 12).

At a distance of several hundred feet from
some elms one is reminded of a palm-leaf
fan, but the photograph reproduced in
figure 8 fails to adequately convey the
illusion. The palm-leaf variety must be
seen in the field to be fully appreciated.

In some elms the branches are as lithe
and graceful and drooping as those of
weeping willows; and, therefore, trees of

154

that habit we class as the willow type (Figs.
6 and 7). On Norton Street, Rochester,
N. Y., near where it intersects Goodman
Street,.is one of the most graceful of all
the trees I have seen of this type.

The Gothic arch type is one of the most
beautiful of all the white elms. Some of
the finest specimens of this magnificent
type are so situated among buildings or
where wires and poles surround, that it is
difficult to get photographs of them. The
most beautiful specimen that I know is on
Brunswick Street, Rochester, N. Y., where,
unfortunately, it cannot be photographed.

The most famous elm tree in western
New York, however, is the grand umbrella
elm (Fig. 10) growing near East Avon on
the main road from Buffalo to Albany.
Thousands of persons have admired this
tree, and in these days of automobile travel
it has become known to tourists, being
regarded as one of the landmarks of the
section. This tree is, indeed, an ideal
specimen of that rare type.

Various other forms, many of which are
rarely beautiful are not reproduced fre-
quently enough to be classed as types. A
very beautiful low-growing and spreading
elm is the pride of tree lovers of Le Roy,
N. Y. It is about forty feet high, and the
spread of its branches is 120 feet, and it
is about ten feet from the ground to the
lowest branches.

We cannot too highly cherish our Amer-
ican elm which Michaux commended to
European cultivators as “the most magni-
ficent vegetable of the temperate zone,”
and every encouragement should be given
to owners of fine elm trees to preserve them
for future generations. In every village

|

APRIL, 1908

6. Pitcher type, having a long, bare but branched

trunk. A variation of the willow type.

I suggest the formation of an association
whose motive should be the preservation
of the beautiful trees in the open spaces in
the country. Secure photographs of fine
trees and publish them in the country papers.
Give appropriate and euphoneous names
to the trees and write up their histories.
The children of the district should be taught
to know them by name, and should be en-
couraged to make pilgrimages to them, to hold

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

6. Willow type.

The drooping branches are as lithe and graceful as those of weeping willows.

Very

picturesque on large lawns

picnics and little parties under them. And
so a love for the trees would be cultivated by
association and the next generation, being
friends to the trees, there would be no need of
enacting laws to compel their preservation.
Little effort seems to have been made to-
ward propagating any of the types of elms.
The seedlings in the nursery row show marked
diversity of form by the time they attain the age
of four or five years, but none of the forms

can be depended upon to come true from
seed: that is, the seed of any one of them will
produce itself and any of the others. Of
course, by grafting the types may be multiplied,
as is done in the case of the weeping form.

Grafting is a very easy process with the
elm, and the grafted plant invariably re-
tains its character so far as form is concerned,
but colored or variegated foliage sometimes
has a tendency to beccme green again. A

|

7. In exposed situations, where the wind sweeps, the willow type is seen at its best and gives character to the landscape

8. The palm-leafform. The one sided character of

this is not well seen in a photograph

10. Umbrellatype. This tree is a conspicuous object
on the road at East Avon, near Lima, N. Y.

11. Two storied form of the oak type

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

9. Alow headed form of the willow type. Note the flat spread and compare with others shown

few nurserymen carefully select the differ-
ent types in the nursery row so that trees
having one form can be supplied on requisi-
tion, which is most desirable for avenue
effects or street planting.

It is certainly unfortunate that so magnifi-
cent a tree as our native elm should be sub-
ject to such devastating injury as that from
the elm leaf.beetle.. Methods of control of this
pest have been described on page 26 of the

August, 1907, number of THE GARDEN MaGa-
ZINE-FARMING. There are two periods of
of the year in which it can be attacked—May
and August — when some arsenical poison
must be sprayed in sufficient profusion to com-
pletely cover the foliage. In view of the public
benefit derived from the retention of hand-
some specimen trees, local authorities might
be induced to lend the fire engines to give the
necessary power to spray tall trees.—EDiTOoR. ]

ae a el

12. In this we see all the sturdy dignity ofthe oak. Itisnamed the oaktype. Rare

The Best Way to Select Perennial Flowers—By Wilhelm Miller, 3:

THE FIVE MOST IMPORTANT PURPOSES FOR WHICH WE WANT HARDY PERENNIAL FLOWERS—WHICH
ARE THE BEST FOR EACH PURPOSE AND WHY—HOW TO HAVE FLOWERS EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR

pee most precious feature of a hardy
border is that it will furnish flowers
every day of the year without a break. The
perennials are the only class of plants that
will do this. People who can afford two
establishments may have a good reason for
concentrating their efforts upon a short
season, but the best kind of garden for the
greatest number is the one in which there
is something new of interest every day.

It follows, I believe, that the simplest and
best way to select the perennials for a garden
is this: Set down the twelve months in their
order and write down two names for each
month — one for the first half and one for
the second. I don’t mean that you should
restrict your garden to twenty-four kinds
of flowers altogether, but I do mean that that
is more than enough for massing, and one’s
first concern should be for the big masses
—not for variety. The reason for this is
that the most beautiful gardens are those in
which one kind of flower dominates the whole
garden at a time and then gives way to
another big mass, and so on; while the weak,
petty, restless gardens are the ones that have

Golden glow

Sneezeweed

too many different kinds and not enough of
any one.

Almost every beginner makes the mistake
of ordering a big list, but only one of a kind,
thinking that he will work up stocks of each.
If you do that you will lose a lot of species,
for you can’t learn how to grow everything
all at once, and you won’t have any mass
effects the first year. It is too slow a way.
Never buy less than a dozen plants of any-
thing. Then you will have something
worth working for. If you like it, you can
have a big mass the next year; if you like
other things better, you have something for
exchange. But don’t squander your ener-
gies on variety. Variety will take care of
itself. You are bound to exchange with
neighbors and to add new plants every year
to brighten the dull times and places.

If you are planning a border this year,
take this advice. Concentrate your atten-
tion on the chief masses that you want
and order twelve to fifty plants each of
whatever species you select by the following
process:

First, consult the best list of tall perennials

Plume poppy (Bocconia cordata)

I. THE BeEsT TALL PERENNIALS

and choose what mass effects you want for
the back of your border.

Second, consult the list of medium-sized
perennials and choose what you want for
the middle row or portion of your border
in groups of a dozen or more.

Third, consult the list of low-growing
perennials and choose the edging plants of
which you need a dozen or more specimens.

Fourth, having made sure of the big things,
consider the fillers. The object now is the
succession of bloom. That always means
a few each of many kinds, but remember
this — you will get more satisfaction from
six each of twelve kinds than one each of
seventy-two kinds.

For the beginner this is all, but for the “old
timer” I have two messages. First, have
you ever grown in your vegetable garden a
big mass of one perennial especially suited
for cut flowers? What time next summer
will you want cut flowers by the armful — big
flowers with long stems? Second, don’t you
want to grow a big collection of some par-
ticular flower like the peony or phlox? If so,
consider the list of perennials for the collector.

Hollyhock Maximilian’s sunflower

Note —The best perennials for the back row of a hardy border should (1) normally grow taller than a man without extra rich soil,
(2) have showy flowers, (3) be refined, not coarse, wild-looking or thistly, (4) should not require excessive watering to reach their fullest
development and, (5) should be strong enough to hold their own against shrubs without spreading too fast or crowding out smaller
perennials. There are sixty-three other tall perennials that are worth growing, but most of them, though thriving in a border, are more

appropriate for other departments of gardening.

For instance, the tall swamp daisy (Chrysanthemum uliginosum), giant knotweed (Poly-

gonum Sieboldiz) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria) do well in a border with an extra supply of water, but in streamside planting
they attain magnificence. Again, all those that require partial shade or spread rapidly are best for the wild garden, e. g., Cimicifuga and

Boltonia.

more appropriate for subtropical beds or lawn specimens, e. g., bamboos and the giant reed.

Some are too hard to grow, too costly, or too rare for most people, e.g., Romneya, Rheum, Archangelica.

Still others are
None of the tall perennials bloom before

July, but most of the shrubs do and, therefore, it is well to have shrubbery as a background for a border of perennial flowers.

TIME OF
COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME Se iaars COLOR WHY BEST
Hollyhock......--.-| Althea rosea.......-----| July....| Many
den plants. Singles hardier, but double flowers last longer.
Plume poppy. .----- Bocconia cordata. ....-- July. ...| Pinkish
shaped like a fig’s, but glaucous like a bloodroot’s.
Golden glow.. .----| Rudbeckia laciniata, var.| Aug. ---| Yellow
Golden Glow. any other desirable hardy plant, but flowers not symmetrical.
Double perennial] Helianthus multiflorus,| Aug. -.-| Yellow
sunflower var. plenus
Superb variety of] Helenium — aulumnale,| Sept....| Yellow
sneezeweed var. superbum broader at apex and having three prominent lobes.
Slender late sun-| Helianthus orgyalis. ..| Sept....| Yellow
flower 2s ; linear, gracefully drooping leaves. Unique habit. Late.
Maximilian’s sun-| Helianthus Maximili-| Oct....| Yellow
flower ant across. Leaves deeply grooyed and arching gracefully.

CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, ETC.

Largest flowers and widest range of colors among tall gar-| Put 3 oz, copper carbonate in r qt. ammonia. Dilute with 25

gals. water. Spray every week. Begin April.

Great fluffy masses of small pinkish white flowers. Leaves} Spreads rapidly by suckers and makes glorious masses. Some-

times spreads‘too fast in rich soil.

Gives more double yellow flowers and multiplies faster than| To kill red plant lice, dissolve any common soap in water

and spray it on the insects.

Largest and most refined double yellow flowers borne by any| Will degenerate unless given good soil and divided every three
hardy perennial. About 4 in. across full and symmetrical. years. Soleil d’Or has quilled florets at first. ; :
Flower more refined and distinctive than a sunflower, the rays| Plant 2 feet taller and an inch wider than the common kind

(3 inches across).

Spikes 4 ft.long, of small pale yellow flowers towering above| Tallest of the perennials, attaining 10 or 12 it. in rich soil;

frost resister, blooming well into October.

Late bloom and unique foliage. Flowers deep yellow, 13 in.| Latest of all the tall perennials, giving a good show of flowers

after several hard frosts.

157

158

large clusters, (3) a long season of bloom, (4) ease of culture.
that are best for general cultivation

IGE.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

THE BEST PERENNIALS OF MEDIUM HEIGHT

Notre — The best perennials for the middle part of a border should have (1) a height of from two to five feet, (2) large flowers or

It is a heart-breaking job to reduce a list of hundreds to the eighteen
I have had to throw out many lovely flowers, e. g., all those*that demand partial shade, like the

Christmas rose; those that have unexpected kinks in their cultivation, like Mertensia and pyrethrums; and perennials that are so
short-lived that they are best raised from seeds every year, e. g., China asters, snapdragons and most columbines.

Sweet William

Oriental poppy

Japan iris

Japan anemone

i) a TIME OF
COMMON NAME | STANDARD NAME ae COLOR WHY BEST
Cc 1mon columbine! Aguilegia vulgaris. ....| Early Viol. bl. | Unique shape, wide range of colors more permanent than
May pk. wh. long-spurred kinds, less particular about shade and drainage.
Bleeding heart -..-. | Dicentra spectabilis....' Darly Pink....! Unique heart-shaped flowers on long, gracefully arching sprays,
| May tender color, long season of bloom and long lived.
European peony...-.| Pconia ojjicinalis..-.-- Late Crimson,| Largest individual flowers of May. Flowers double, 4 in.
May wh. pk. across, earlier than the Chinese peonies.
Swect William. ..--- Dianthus barbatus... .-.| June. ..| Red,pink] Largest flower clusters of May. ‘Trusses 4 in. across, fragrant,
white showy 5 weeks. One of the best variegated flowers.
‘Chinese peony. .---- Peonia albiflora. .-.--- Early Crimson.| Largest perennial flowers of June, more varieties than any
* June wh. pk. other hardy perennial. Extremely long-lived.
lox lover eee eee Digitalis purpurea. ...| Early Purple, Unique shape of flower. Foxgloves and larkspurs are the
June white two best flowers with spire-like clusters.
‘Oriental larkspur..-.| Delphiniwm formosum.| Mid- Blue; eye] Larkspurs are the best blue perennials, having long spikes and
June white two seasons of bloom. ‘This species probably most robust.
Peach-leaved _bell-| Campanula persice-| Mid- Blue, Longest-lived bellflower. Highly characteristic leaves. Beau-
flower. jolia June purple tiful blue bells 2 in. wide. (Not the largest bellflower).
‘Oriental poppy. ... . Papaver orientale ...-.| Mid- Brick Largest red flower of the hardy garden. Six inches across.
June red Easily propagated from pieces of root.
Perennial Gaillardia.| Gazllardia qristata....| June- Red and] Will produce more flowers for cutting than any other hardy
Noy, yellow perennial. Drought and frost resister.
atpanwinise een Iris levigata....------ July. IL but) Largest flowers of any hardy perennial, often 9 in. across,
scarlet. sometimes 12. Wide range of colors.
Balloon flower. .---- Platycodon grandi-| July— Blue, Largest flower of the bellflower type that can be easily grown.
florum Aug. pur., wh. Balloon-like buds. Flowers 3 in. across.
Bee balm..........| Monarda didyma....-.| Aug. - Scarlet..| Will produce more red flowers at less cost than any other,
but looks rcugh and hot in summer.
Swamp rose mallow .| Hibiscus Moscheulos...| Aug. Pink. -.-| Largest pink hardy flower, except perhaps peony. Five in.
across. Grows as well in border as in swamp.
Late perennial phlox.| Phlox paniculata......| Aug.— All but bl.| Largest flower clusters of any hardy perennial. Wide range of
Sept. |and yellow colors. Fragrant in evening.
Japanese anemone.-| Anemone Japonica... -| Sept.. Rose, More and larger flowers in late September than any other!
white perennial. Blooms until hard freeze. Flowers 2-3 in.across.
Subsessile veronica..| Veronica longifolia, var| Aug.— Purple Longest spikes of any autumn flower; long season of bloom,
SHAD SES SULTS eee ere eee Sept rich color. Spikes about a foot long.
Hardy chrysanthe-| Chrysanthemum Indi-| Sept.— All but bl.| Most reliable flowers for October, a few blooming tillThanks-
mums. cum and C, Sinense.. Nov and scar.

giving. Best frost resister.

Chrysanthemum Perennial phlox

CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, ETC.

If necessary to raise from seed, bag the best flowers to keep
out insects. Commercial seed often impure.

Often catalogued as Dielytra or Diclytra. Lovely also for
home forcing for winter flowers.

Not so refined as the late peonies; get shabby in fall. Only
8 varieties still offered. Comes before rose bug.

Best crop always second year from seed. Self sows; trans-
plant these seedlings before Sept. 20. Cover very lightly.

Best planted in Sept. because they will give some bloom next
year. Spring-set plants should be large.

See directions for Sweet William. Common old purple best
for naturalizing. Most refined formis var. gloxinieflora.

Cut off spikes as fast as they fade, or cut whole plant to ground
and manure heavily.

No special directions. To get large clumps give rich soil.
Worth having in quantity. Fine for pots, too.

Foliage dies in summer. Self sows; transplant these seedlings
before Sept. 15, preferably Aug. Var. Parkmannz, blood red.

Cut flowers as fast as they fade. Cover plants with litter
after ground is frozen.

Will give as good results when grown in good garden soil
in the border as in wet soil.

Stake early and don’t cut stems in fall. Give good drainage.
Divide early in spring when growth starts.

As easy to multiply as mint. Grand for. massing in woods
or on streamsides. Easily overdone in garden.

The ‘‘ Mallow Marvels” said to be hybrids with the tropical
Chinese hibiscus, grow 8 ft. high. Flowers 8 in. across.

To prevent mildew divide every third: year. Spray under
sides of leaves with ammoniacal copper carbonate.

Best in partial shade. Cover in winter. Generally dies
if transplanted in fall.

No special care. Responds wonderfully to deep, rich soil and
sunny position. Very striking for distant mass effects.

Always plant in spring—not fall. The larger the flower,
the more winter covering. Use tobacco on aphids.

Ill.

THE BEST LOW-GROWING PERENNIALS

Note — The best perennials for edging a border should be a foot or less high and come up to the other requirements demanded

of the previous list.

But it seems cruel to leave out Lenten roses, primroses and forget-me-nots merely because they need partial shade.

Iceland poppy is ruled out because it is best treated as an annual. Dicentra eximia has exquisite foliage and blooms from spring to frost
but its color is not good enough.

violas.

Blooms with snowdrops.

Increases quickly.

Easily multiplied.
Daisy and pansy

Flowers fragrant.

Silvery foli-
Flowers 1 in. across.
Gray
Blooms about 8 weeks.

TIME OF :
COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME perenne COLORS WHY BEST
Japanese Adonis. ...| Adonis Amurensis (A.| March...| Yellow Earliest long-lived spring blooming perennial that can be
ID ODUTZEd)\- ee ia easily grown in full sunshine.
Crested dwarf iris. ..| Iris cristata. --......- April ....| Pale Earliest hardy iris that anyone can grow. Delicate sky-blue.
blue Exquisite for edging. Flowers about 2 in. across.
Dwart flag... .:-----|| ras pumila. ..------1- April. ..-| Purple Earliest large-flowered iris that anyone can grow. Flowers
blue 3 to 4 in. across. Many colors.
Golden tuft. ..--.-. Alyssum saxatile...... April— Yellow .| Most prolific small yellow flower of spring and blooms inter-
May mittently all season. Self sows.
Moss pink, ..-...-. Phlox subulata.. ..-.--}. April— Rose, li-| Cheapest and showiest carpeting plant for spring bloom in
May lac, wh. rose and lilac. Rocks or soil, sun or shade.
Engiish daisy.....-| Bellis perennis....---| April- Pink, Numerous pink buttons about x in. across.
; ; é May white. best bedding plants April 15 to May rs.
White rock cress..-.| Arabis albida .....-.. May White...| Cheapest and showiest spring-blooming white flowered plant
; , for carpeting the ground.
Geneva bugle... ..-| Ajuga Genevensis..... May Blue..--.] Cheapest and showiest spring-blooming blue-flowered plant
; ; q June- for carpeting the ground.
Tufted pansies or) Viola cornuta hybrids} _ July. Blue, yel.! Will give more flowers than pansies and for a longer season,
A : June. white but flowers smaller. Numerous colors.
Snow-in-summer. . -| Cerastinum tomentosum . White ..] Smothered with white flowers for about 8 weeks.
| ; June- age attractive all season.
Woolly yarrow...... Achillea tomentosa..--| _ July Yellow..| Showy flat clusters 1} in. across of yellow flowers.
| _| June- foliage, elegantly cut.
Canada anemone....| Anemone Canadensis Sept White. .| Large white flowers in great profusion over lone season. Attrac-
(A, Pennsylvanica). .| June- tive wooly seed masses.

Showiest of our native windflowers.

CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, ETC.

Plant before March rs, or else Sept. 1 to 15, unless you can
get pot-grown plants.

Plant about March 1s, or just when growth starts, so as not
to miss a season’s bloom.

The best blue variety, probably, is var. cerulea. The best
yellow may be var. luteo-maculata.

To prolong season of bloom do not allow seeds to form. Avoid
heavy clay soil.

Buy the named varieties that have refined colors. Don’t
use the common wild form—too garish magenta.

After spring blcoming, transplant to moist partially shaded
spot and will bloom all summer. Divide only best plants.

Often misspelled “alpina.” There is a species called alpina,
but it has smaller flowers and is otherwise inferior.

No specia! directions. Fine for dry places and for shady
situations where grass will not grow. e

After Julv bloom, cut back, manure heavily, water often and
thev will make a fine show in September. _

Fine for edgings and naturalizing on rocks or in strong grass.
Good drought resister. No care after planting. A

No special directions. but the flower heads of all achilleas
look shabby if allowed to go to seed. x

Improves so much in cultivation, esnecially when used in
large masses, that people do not recognize it.

ae.

ApRIL, 1908

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

159

Crested iris

Japan Adonis

JUNE

Moss pink

Carpathian bellflower

Geneva bugle

THE BEST LOW-GROWING PERENNIALS— Continued

2 ki TIME OF
COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME Broom | COLORS
Carpathian harebell.| Campanula Carpatica-. July Blue
July-
Coral bells....-----| Heuchera sanguinea. -- Aug. Coral
& July- ted
Purple poppy-mal-} Callirhioc involucrata. - Sept Rosy
NGWAwtEe ses Sc Sept.- crimson
Hardy leadwort. . Ceratostigma plumbagi- Oct. Cobalt
noides Sept.- blue
Smoothish fleabane -| Ervigeron glabellus.... Oct. Lavender
June-
Napoleon III. pink.-| Dianthus hybridus, var Oct. Blood
Napoleon III red

WHY BEST

Easiest to grow and most permanent low-growing member
of the bellflower family. Six weeks of show.

Long spikes of dainty coral red flowers appearing intermit-
tently all summer. Long wiry stems. Attractive leaves.

Flowers having the brilliant color and texture of portulaca,
but 2 in. across. Blooms to or 12 weeks.

Showiest low-growing hardy blue-flowered perennial for mass
effects in autumn. Blooms naturally then.

Presents a really good mass effect as late as the last week of
October at Philadelphia.

Fragrant double flowers in abundance over a longer season

CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, ETC.

This is the only ever-blooming bellflower. It will give scat-
tering bloom all the autumn.

Likes sandy, well-drained soil. Propagate by dividing roots
just after flowering. Varieties of other colors are inferior.

Take care that its strong and peculiar color is not put near
other colors. Surround with white.

Puts new life into a garden. Not a mere left-over from
summer. Blue set off by red.

Flowers 1} in. across, lavender with white eye.
pearance, but easily grown.

After blooming freely all summer it gives a good mass effect

Alpine ap-

than any other variety of Dianthus.

An inch across.

at Philadelphia in late October after frosts.

= majority, of the showiest flowers are not fragrant.

them.

March to September ?

IV. PERENNIALS WITH FRAGRANT FLOWERS
Notre — Have you fragrant flowers in your house and garden every month and every day?

Remember that many, perhaps a

Also, that the first thing a person does when you hand him flowers is to smell of
Why not order half a dozen plants of each of the kinds mentioned below, so as to make sure of having fragrant flowers from

Bee balm

COMMON NAME

Winter heliotrope... .

California and Rus-
sian violets
White rock cress... .

A few peonies......
Gas plants <e<(oy=<sys0
Valerian. ..........
Lemon lily .......-.

Dwarf orange day
ily >

Scotch, garden or
grass pink

Fringed pink.......

Sweet rocket.......

August lemon lily...
White day lily......

Lily-of-the-valley Peony Day lily Rock cress Violet
STANDARD NAME | ODOR LIKE SEASON COLOR HEIGHT MERITS DIRECTIONS
FEET
Petasiles fragrans..| Vanilla. . .| Dec.—Feb. | Lilac.....]/ 1...... Blooms outdoors in winter and is fragrant, but} Flowers small and not pretty; hide among others.
will grow in stiff and wet clays. Too weedy for garden.
Viola odorata. ....} Violets....| March....} Violet.....]} 4. . California, a large single variety; Russian, double,| Better buy from nurserymen, as florists’ plants
hardier than common sorts. may be less hardy.
Avabis albida. .--.| ....5.--- April. .... MMntiCec dh etesoace | Best white April flower for carpeting the ground.) Usually misspelled alpina. The true A. Alpina is
| _ Flowers small, 4 petals. inferior to this.
Asperula odorata. .| Fresh hay.| May...... IWihite teres |ereeerse cee | Numerous small white fragrant flowers car-| Dried leaves fragrant. Used in Maitrank (fra-
peting the ground among shrubs or under trees. grant Rhine wine). Excellent for edging border
Convallaria maja-| Lily - of-| May...... White....| 2. Fragrant pendulous white bells in an arching] Plant all early spring flowers by March 15 to
is the-valley raceme of utmost grace. Wants partial shade. get first year’s bloom.
Paonia albiflora...) .......... Utes So White, rose] 24...... Fragrant varieties. White: Alba Sulphurea,| Blush: Delicatissima, Humeicarnea. Rose: Czari-
crimson . of Wellington, Festiva Maxima. na, Paganini. Crimson: Victoire Modeste,Guerin.
Dictamnus albus. .| Lemon Junes pee Wikitese cco lip2se cee Whole plant lemon scented. Very long-lived.| Light match above flowers on still summer eve;
White variety prettier than rose-flowered. will flash at dusk.
Valeriana oofficin-| Valerian. June: Pinkishs <2) 3:/s.nc oc Minute pinkish flowers in flat clusters, 3 in.| Very easy to grow. Spreads rapidly. Scents a
alis across. Spicy odor, Foliage finely cut. whole garden. ‘‘ Garden heliotrope.”
Hemerocallis flava| Lemon....| June..... Vellow: 2.) 2.05.05. Best fragrant yellow flower of the lily type.| Has clusters of tubers like small sweet potatoes.
Flowers 4 in. long. Easily multiplied by dividing these.
Hemerocallis Du-| Lemon....| June..... Orangery |ieeeeeie Earlier and more vated than the common orange] No special care. Hardy even at Ottawa. Plant
morliert day lily. Smaller but purer color. either spring or fall.
Dianthus pluma-| Clove.....| May-June| Purple, | 1....... Most fragrant of all hardy pinks and most double] Needs perfect drainage. Best grown as edging
Gio aoueaos on pk.,white varieties. Silvery foliage. for raised beds and borders.
Dianthus superbus.| Clove.....| July...... IDE eee Re as Gene Natural complement of garden pink, blooming} Mix plenty of sand and grit in soil for drainage.
later until autumn if not allowed to seed. Plants will live longer.
Hesperis matrona-| Violet.:..| July...... Magenta 2s Beedon Long spikes of small, 4-petaled flowers which) Select a plant with geod lavender color and propa-
ts white are most fragrant at evening. gate that, or plant the white kind.
Monarda didyma. .| Balm..... July- Starleterss.j|e2etsc ici Herbage and flowers have odor of mint. Spreads} Gorgeous for distant mass effects, especially in
? August rapidly. Flowers coarse; color splendid. woods. Easily overdone in borders.

Clematis integri-| .........- Ruby eeaereey= Blieseeser Docdeae Solitary nodding blue flowers, # in. long, cover-| Vat. Durandi taller and has JatRee flowers with
POLO sie ies oiziel neve ing bush 2 ft. high recurved sepals. Hybrid with C. lJanguinosa.
Hemerocallis Lemon August....] Yellow....| 4.......| August equivalent oa lemon lily, same color and} A foot taller; a few more flowers on a stem

Thunber git fragrance. Flowers 3 in. across. | (8 to ro).
Funkia subcordata.| Orange Aug.-Sept.| White....| 2...... | Lovely white tubes, 4-6 in. long. Broad leaves; | Var. grandiflora has even larger flowers. (7.
| making large phe grandiflora of nurserymen.)

160

or many of them.
at evening. However, there are some good ones in the next list.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

V. PERENNIALS FOR CUT FLOWERS
Nore. — The ideal cut flower should (1) last a long time in water, (2) have long stems, (3) fragrance, and (4) large flowers

The only flower in this list that comes up to such a standard is phlox, and even that is only slightly fragrant
The beauty of a hardy border is that you can always have a few

cut flowers without spoiling the general effect, but the question now is whether vou want any of these flowers in quantity next year.

Oriental larkspur

Japan iris

Japan anemone

Phlox Christmas rose

TIME OF
COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME ao COLOR HEIGHT
Christmas rose... ...| MHelleborus niger..... Nowe White..| #......
eb.
California and Rus-| Viola odorata...... ' March Violet Seed
sian’ violets... ....
Boxelover-54 eee Digitalis purpurea..| June Purple .| 3 to4
Oriental larkspur....| Delphinium formo-| June Blue, 2103
SULT Ua oh Net ee vet seky oe white.
Everblooming ragged| Lychnis Flos-cuculi,| June— Pink....| 1to2
robin. var. plenissima. . Sept
Pearl achillea....... Achillea Ptarmica, June-— White. .| 14......
var. The Pearl... July
JARI WHS s Saeco Iris levigata (I. July. . Many...| 3to4
Kempfert.......-
Miss Lingard phlox.| Phlox suffruticosa,| July— Wihiter pa |(e2pareen
var. Miss Lingard. Oct.
Japan anemone.....| Anemone Japonica ..| Sept. PME eel Be eecunes:
white.

MERITS FOR CUTTING

Blooms outdoors in the snow.

is var. gloxinieflora alba,

Lovely blue, long spikes, attractive leaves, long stems.

Blooms again in fall.

Extraordinary number of flowers over exceptionally long
Flowers last a long time when cut.
White buttons in great profusion all summer and being

season.

double, last well when cut.

Too short-lived for a perfect cut flower and will not stand

shipment, but 9 in. across.

The only early phlox that has a vigorous constitution and

Everblooming if kept cut.

The best flower of September, putting new life into gar-
dens, when phlox begins to get stale.

good color.

Larger flowers than the
winter heliotrope, but not fragrant.
Only fragrant perennials that bloom outdoors in March.
Lenten roses larger and more colors, but not fragrant.
Large flowers, long spikes, long stems.

DIRECTIONS, ETC.

Plant American-grown stock if possible in September,
ordering six months ahead. Give partial shade.

California is a large-flowered single variety. Russian violets
double and hardier than the common sweet violcts.

Splendid for bold effects, but always dropping flowers
unless you gum them. A trick worth knowing.

Remove central spike early and let no flowers go to
seed. Or cut to ground and manure heavily.

Blooms even in 2-inch pots by June ist, and ty fall will
have 20-50 stalks.

To avoid stalking, set in rows 4 ft. wide in vegetable gar-
den. Will then hold up one another.

Grows perfectly in an ordinary garden if well supplied
with water during blooming. Some need half shade.

The best of all phloxes, blooming longer than any. Has
a colored eye, but for mass effect is white.

Always plant in spring. Shade from morning sun so that
frozen flowers can thaw out gradually. ry

Evergreen leaves.

Most refined form

is an an out-of-the-way place in unit beds of rectangular size for convenience in taking notes on color, season, etc.
logue offers as many varieties as are given below.

pean catalogue.

Wil,

PERENNIALS FOR THE COLLECTOR

Note — The best perennials for the collector are those that have the greatest number of varieties and the best way to grow them

No American cata-

These figures represent actual count of the varieties now offered in some one Euro-
Importing perennials from Europe is a costly and risky undertaking for the amateur.

The best way is to get one of

the large American nursery firms to order for you anything that you cannot get in this country. But American nurserymen often carry

many more varieties than they advertise.

Ask for their special booklet about your favorite flower.

Larkspur

Pyrethrum

Hardy chrysanthemum Phiox Peony German iris
NO. OF | TIME OF
COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME GARTGTNIDS|| ROR COLOR TYPES
German iris........ Iris Germanica, etc....| 147.....| May...| All but| Germanica, amcena, neglecta, Orchid-like.
: b’t red] pallida, plicata, squalens,
Late or Chinese} Paonia albiflora....... 657...--| June...| Pink, Double, Anemone-flowered,
peonies crims. Single.
Border carnations. . Dianthus Caryophyl-| 224.,...| August..| Pink, Marguerite, Perpetual.
pa pontonneacncat 6 white
Florists’ pentstemons.| Pentstemon Hartwegi| 163.....| July- Crimson,| Hartwegi, reds; Gentianoides,
and gentianoides..... Oct... | r’d,p’rple purples.
Pyrethrum.......... Chrysanthemum coccin-| 180.....'.| June- Cr., 10s.| Double, | Anemone-flowered,
4 CUM irate «Sete tore: July..| bl., wh. Single.
Perennial larkspurs..| Delphinium grandiflo-| 218... July...| Blue, Double, Large-flowered, Bee,
rum, formosum, elatum white White-eyed.
Perennial Gaillardia. .| Gaillardia aristata, MG Io2.....| July— Red, Toothed, Laciniate, Quilled,
; grandiflora)... Oct... yellow Reflexed. sima plena.
Perennial phlox..... Phlox paniculata. . Wats ec 346.....| Aug.— Cr., pur., Taree now eed, Large-trussed,
Sept. .| rose, wh. alo. Novem
Perennial aster...... Aster Nove-Anglia, le-| 137.....| Aug.— All but! Early, Mid-season, Late. Lan ea. | in size.
DAS Oe, DAW A Sh le Noy. . yellow.
Hardy chrysanthe-| Chrysanthemum Indi-| ito9.....| Sept.— All but} Pompons, Large - flowered,
mums, cum and morifolium Noy. . blue Early, Late

SUGGESTIONS

Multiplied most rapidly by dividing in fall, but won’t bloom next
spring. To save this year’s bloom, divide in spring when growth starts.

Largest double flowers of any hardy perennial. Best planted in Sept. To preserve
delicate colors, cut in bud and drop immediately into pail of water.

Giant Marguerite blooms in 12 weeks from seed; Chabaud’s Perpetual in 6 mos.,
and will stand over winter, blooming next summer also.

Not hardy enough for America and cannot be increased by division. Sow seed
indoors in Feb. for Aug. bloom, or winter August-struck cuttings in frames.

Must have perfect drainage to avoid crown rot, especially in winter. If foliage rots
in summer after heavy rains, cut some away.

Improved varieties live only 3 or 4 years in America, being subject to blight. Dig
dry Bordeaux about crowns or spray weekly with ammoniacal copper carbonate

James Kelway, fls. sometimes 54 in. across. The only double flowered is Splendidis-

Best yellow is Kelway’s King, even the disk being yellow.

For the fine art of phlox culture see Country Life in America, Vol. IX., page 66

Tapis Blanc said to be finest of all white phloxes.

Interest lies in collecting many different species and
in frost resisting forms, e. g., grandiflorus, Tataricus. A. Novi-Belgii has 45 vars.

Although the breeders are constantly working for earliness, the October and Noyvem-
ber blooms are the most precious, even if smaller. Never plant in autumn.

ee ee ee

ee ee ee

,

he".

Ready for Ar, : : After a
Sidy sien (NO B eke ha | } aiter first | Seasons Growth

Aprit, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 161

Pl Crd I AC &J Quick-
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What to Do in April
F YOU want shade for the veranda
during the coming summer plant
some seed of the moonflower vine this
month. I consider this one of the most
satisfactory vines for the purpose in our
section. The flowers appear in the early fall.
A plant grown from seed sown last April
attained a height of fifty feet and thickly
covered an area over seven feet square.
During the whole of last season this plant
did not produce a single flower; it had been
given too much nitrogenous fertilizer. If
you want flowers use a fertilizer that is
not too rich in nitrogen. Moonflower
vines grown from cuttings planted out in
April will flower five or six weeks earlier
than those grown from seed.

Keep- the old blossoms cut off- the-sweet
pea vines, and they will continue to flower
fora long time. This also applies to pansies
and other plants that are now in bloom.

Now, when the soil is moist, is the proper
time to transplant from the hotbeds to the
flower beds.

Set out cabbage, cauliflower, tomato,

pepper, eggplant, and sweet potato plants.

just after a rain, when the soil is damp.
Sow the seed of watermelon and musk-
melon for the main crop. Soak the seed
over night for quick germination, and to
insure a good stand and to save replanting,
put from twelve to fifteen seeds to a hill.
The last of this month is the most favorable
time for planting lima beans. They re-
quire a very rich, sandy loam soil and cannot

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

be grown successfully on a thin soil unless
it is very highly fertilized.

Okra, for soups, should have a place in
every garden. Sow the seed now in any
garden soil, but the plant thrives best in a
very rich, sandy loam that is moist through-
out the season.

April is the time to sow, in the open
ground, the seed of tomatoes for canning.
The large red tomato is the best for the
purpose.

The average Southern farmer does not
pay sufficient attention to the variety of
cotton he plants or to the selection of seed.
Try some of the improved seed this year
and I believe you will have better success
than you had last year. The reason why
cotton seed did not satisfactorily germinate
was probably that you planted it too early
and too deep in the ground. The last of
April is the proper time for planting and
one inch is the right depth.

Do not fail to raise some peanuts this
year. Plant the seed during this month.

Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED.

Thimble-flowers in the South

FTER the blue-bonnets have bloomed
and faded in Texas, and the fair
pink primroses have been dried up by the
sun and wind, then gay thimble-flowers
(Lepachys columnaris), flaunting a tropical
luxurianee-of color that seems to typify the
very spirit of Summer, fling a brilliant carpet
over the thirsty land. They defy harsh
conditions, and thrive on barren rocky soil
parched by burning sun and drying wind,
blooming either in full sun or in partial shade.
However, in locations where the soil is better
and there is some moisture, the blossoms
are much larger and better colored.

From seed self-sown in the fall, they
bloom during May, June, and into July. The
individual flowers are surprisingly lasting,
becoming larger and deeper colored with
time. I have tied a string to a flower to
mark it, and in passing the same. spot weeks
after, noticed it still fresh.

The blossoms show such tendencies to
variation that I wonder some enterprising

Showing the profusion of bloom of the thimble-flower in Texas. It self-sows South and will bloom
either in full sun or in partial shade f

APRIL, 1908

florist does not make an improved variety.
In color they vary in the same locality from
pure, solid yellow, to velvety maroon. The
petals of some show a maroon spot toward
the base, while in others this spot is gradually
enlarged until in some there is left only a
narrow rim of yellow, which finally dis-
appears in the all-maroon varieties.
Again, they vary in the number of petals
from five to fifteen, while occasionally may
be found flowers so doubled that the petals
cover the “thimble” up to the top. I
have tried to count the petals in these very
double ones but stopped after reaching

The thimble-flower (Lepachys columnaris) a yel-
low and brown prairie flower. A perennialin the
South; an annual in the North

twenty-five. The cone, or “thimble,” is
green in color, and covered with brown or
yellow stamens.

The plant is a much branched one, grow-
ing three feet high, with finely-cut, fernlike
foliage. It grows either as an annual or
perennial, and the seedling plants seem to
come into bloom at the same time as the
older ones. My experience has been that ~
they do not bear transplanting well, and on
that account it is best to sow the seed where
the plants are to remain.

Central Texas. Anita M. MILLER.

Advantage of Growing Clover

i MAY be safely stated that if clover

be grown continuously and in rotation
on a farm the grain crop will be successful,
but very often a crop of clover will bring
better returns to the farmer than he would
get from grain. Clover hay is more
relished by farm stock than is timothy hay,
and cattle fed regularly with a ration largely
composed of clover show a marked im-
provement over those given only fodder
and timothy. But the drawback to the
general use of clover is that it often winter-
kills, and the land given over to this crop
has to be seeded each year. If some pro-
gressive farmer could discover a variety proof
against winter-killing, his fortune, as well
as many other long-suffering farmers’, would
be made.

The Readers’? Service 2 dt
SIETORen GyACE ID HIN emVIVAUGyACZAILIN| he. | Ganice parents tan, cecard ce schaple 163

1908

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To test the paint, take a small bit of the White Lead, before it is mixed with
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25¢.

ely Gladiolus, - 25c- Hot 8 pies :
prings, Ark. Dwight, Il. Portland, Me. Buffalo, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa. |
iio Superb Pansy Plants, oS 5 5 | 5c. San Franeiaco, Cal. ee 2 Ina Grand Rapids, Mich., White Plains, N.Y. 4246 Fifth Ave. jj
't5 Pkts. Flower Seeds, alldifferent, - - 25c.f 2980 Sacremento St- er pea a ae Ballere vee GrecnshorowNwe: Providence HK. 1. i
; Five Collections for One Dollar, Post-Paid. Denver, Ool. ass ah ne la. NEI Fargo, N. D. Waukesha. Wis.
tee satisfaction. Onceacustoiner, always one. West Haven, Conn. 8 Mo 8, . i aha, CeBth ae Philadelphia, Pa. Toronto, Ont., ©
ree. Washington. D. C., Crab Orchard, Ky. Cor.Cass Se 812 N. Broad &t. M
211 N. Oanitol St. Lexington, Masa. North Conway. N. H. Harrisburg, Pa.

iS ELLA V. BAINES, Box 96 Springfield, Ohio

164

Garden Clothes for Women

[Is it possible for a woman to feel comfortable and
look attractive while gardening? Has the subject of garden
clothing advanced any since Noah’s time?” These two
questions were asked in the July, 1907, number of Tue
Garpen Macazine, although we realized at the time that
they had probably been definitely settled by many of our
readers. While the latter is very easily answered, we have
found the former more difficult to solve; therefore, prizes
were offered for the most interesting articles on the subject
and from those received, the following have been selected
as giving the most practical and attractive outfits for
women,—Epiror}

AN ALL-ENVELOPING APRON

HE combination of comfort with an
attractive appearance when dressed
for garden work seems to be exceedingly hard

Re eee eee AEE AMEEEEE E

This apron of brown linen holland quite covers the
dress and the coloris in harmony

to obtain. The problem was solved for me
by a friend who presented me with an apron
she had purchased abroad, which completely
covers whatever dress I may have on.

It is capacious, made of a medium shade
of brown linen holland, gored a little at the
sides and closed the length of the skirt
behind. It is two yards wide at the bottom
above the ruffle. A straight band of wide
embroidery in the gayest colors, headed by
narrow bias bands of turkey red piped with
black, extends from under the arms to about
the waist line. To this are attached the
shoulder straps, which are also trimmed
with the turkey red bands and piping, as
well as the ruffle about the bottom of the
skirt and the large pocket. The color of
the apron seems to suit the garden, and the
gay trimming makes it attractive. I have
also made this apron from blue gingham
and have found it extremely serviceable.

When the sun is very hot I wear a washable
canvas hat, and to protect my hands a pair
of men’s heavy gloves. Washable chamois

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

gloves several sizes larger than one ordi-
narily wears will also be very satisfactory.
A garden tool (if I may call it so)without
which I seldom stir isa small wooden bench
about eighteen inches long and eight inches
high, made like the old-fashioned wash-
bench. I put this little bench astride the
row, and sit down upon it to do whatever
weeding or thinning of plants is necessary.
New Jersey. Laura B. CARPENTER.

WHY NOT A DIVIDED SKIRT?

jAETES several years of farm life, with
much hard work indoorsand out, I have
relegated the separate shirt-waist and skirt
to formal business away from home.
The dress which suits my purpose better
than anything else is a one-piece gown made
on Princess lines, with a divided skirt

plaited in such a way that this fact is not:

visible. It can be worn without any of the
conventional accessories, and it is put on
as quickly and is as comfortable as a bathing
suit. The material is a heavy gray linen
crash, bought at a country store at fifteen
centsa yard. It is lighter weight than denim,
cooler, is easily washed, does not hold the
dirt and does not pull out of shape. My
shortest woolen skirts have become so heavy
with damp earth in spring as to be very un-
comfortable. In summer this dress is made
of linen with low collar and loose sleeves.

A denim or corduroy coat outside a sweater
is generally considered the warmest thing
for outdoor work. We extend the sweater
idea to the knees and wear heavy linen or
duck outside. Horseback riding, walking
and snow-shoeing being part of our business,
and comfort being real economy, we find
woolen materials in coats, skirts, or trousers
not free enough for work or exercise and,
in comparison to their weight, not as warm
as knitted garments.

In one of the first numbers of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE-FARMING, women were advised
to wear sunbonnets “with poke before and
cape behind” when working in the garden.

A one-piece gown having a divided skirt and made
of heavy material gives the greatest freedom

a

APRIL, 1908

A cheap material, simply made in a loose fitting
style with short skirt solves the problem

Mine is made of the straw covering of a tea
chest, which is light in weight, stiff enough
to keep away from the sides of the head, and
stays in place except in a strong wind without
tying the strings. It is made without a cape
and is much cooler than a starched bonnet.

“A seersucker apron with pockets” was
also advised.
the dirt,” the apron pockets are apt to spill
pencils and labels. I find a leather pocket
hung on a loose belt more convenient. It
holds many packets of seed, twine, several
wooden labels, pencil, garden plan, hand-
kerchief, etc. A sheath knife is hung on
the same belt.

I find cotton gauntlet gloves the only really
comfortable ones. They keep dry longer than
leather, keep out dirt without having sleeves
sewed on to them, and are easily removed
when clean fingers are needed for any
purposes. A VERMONTER.

A DRESS FOR ALL SEASONS

| ee the past two years I have worn a
costume consisting of a short skirt,
blouse waist, bloomers and leggings all made
of either blue or brown
pin-check denim, which
is heavy enough to stand
nard usage. It is cheap,
practical and very com-
fortable and is not too
warm for summer wear.
A very serviceable de-
vice for protecting the
hands consists of a pair
of men’s gloves of heavy
weight cut off at the
wrist and the V-shaped
opening sewed up. A
gathered piece of heavy
gingham is stitched on to the glove wrist, and
at the other end of this material an elastic
is run in to keep it in place. The gingham
should be wide enough to cover the sleeve to
the elbow.
New Hampshire.

Heavy gloves with
gingham sleeves pro-
tect the hands

L. FOSTER.

If one really “gets down in

APRIL,

1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

PLULOMES

siUR STOCK and collection
of these splendid and pop-
| ular hardy plants we be-
lieve to be the largest and
We have every

PRICES:

Per Dozen.

Baniveantcl hate, Wally, Varieties esas Yaccne se $1.50
New and Rare “ a 5 Bee eee 2.50
Phlox Maculata, a splendid tall species for naturalizing Qe
inloxdS win uilataweys pk 2.2 2 )s Bape me eee Never oto 2 a 1.00
ue ue AShie Bridie See wee avers ree eee 1.00
“ “ INEOGEIL. |: Se teeth Ste uae 1.00
Phlox Divaricata(Wild Sweet William)............- 1.00
ee as Ape, ee Wine warily... 5 scs5see 2.50

All of the above strong fieid-grown plants.

165

finest in America.
good variety obtainable in Europe
and this country including some
splendid novelties of our own rais-
ing. Our collection includes the
best of the early and late tall vari-
eties and an exceptionally complete
listof dwarf and creeping sorts which
are so valuable for naturalizing as
well as for ordinary gardening uses.
For full descriptions get our Spring
Catalogue.

Per Hundred.
$10.00

Per Thousand.
$95.00

We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America,
including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese
and European Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an
unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hun-

dreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and Shrubs, will be sent on request.
“A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about '

Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers
of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request.

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., 336 Fourth Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.

166

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Descriptive booklet and testimonials
mailed on application

Address Dept. 1

International Incinerator Co.
BUFFALO, N. Y.

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908.

CYCLONE

Ornamental Fences, Gates, Arches, Vines, Trellis,
Lawn Borders arethe best. Don’t buy until you have
seen the Cyclone Catalog. Write for it today.

The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio

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Working Rules for the Amateur
Gardener

eres of a long, rambling diary try
to abbreviate and perpetuate the im-
portant happenings, somewhat as Mr.
Kayan has done in his article “A Vest
Pocket System of Records” in THE GARDEN
MacaziIneE for February, 1907, page 21.

I have tried to compile such experience
and have the results in two ways: (x)
“Tested Planting Tables for Vegetables,”
which appeared in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
for April, 1907, and (2) the following work-
ing rules. I think that other amateurs may
be helped by having the fundamental facts
presented in a condensed form:

1. Fertilizing. Get well rotted manure
if possible. Broadcast all you can get to a
depth of not more than three inches. Turn
it in as soon as you can so as not to lose
any more ammonia than is necessary.
Save liquid manure, bones, wood ashes, or
soapsuds in some neat, out-of-the-way place
where there will be no odor. Use manure
in preference to commercial fertilizers, if
practicable, because it improves the texture
of the soil. But do not let a particle of
manure touch the roots of a plant or they
will get burnt.

2. Plowimg. Fine the soil by deep,
conscientious spading and respading, or
plowing and harrowing, over and over again,
until no lumps of either soil or manure are
left anywhere above the lowest depth of the
spading or plowing and until the fine manure
and fine soil are thoroughly mixed. Be
sure your land is well drained so that water
will not stand about roots and rot them.

3. Planting. Use a line. Plant in per-
fectly straight lines to make easier weeding
and cultivating with the wheel hoe.

4. Distance. If you have plenty of room.

and a horse, make the rows at least two and
one-half or three feet apart, and for the
larger plants not less than four feet.

5. Planning. When planning, try to put
together those crops that ripen at the
same time, so as to clear up and use blocks
of land together at the same time; but in
doing this do not sacrifice the more im-
portant lenefits derived from rotation of
crops.

TOWNSEND
MOWERS
@

TOWNSEND GAVE TO THE WORLD
The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower

His mowers are more imitated than
any others.

We make more high-grade mowers
than any other firm and they are all
ball-bearing.

We make the best Lawn Mower in
the world.

We make the best Horse Lawn
Mower in the world.

We make the best Roller Mower in
the world.

We repair and sharpen all kinds of
Mowers.

_ S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.- Orange, N. J.

PARISIAN
DRY SHAMPOO

A thorough shampoo without
the use of water. Used before
curling the hair insures stay-
" ing quality of the wave. Will
not harm or change color of
hair. Daintily perfumed with
wood violet. By mail only,
50c. a box, postpaid.

HAIR FLUFF COMPANY
Room 310, 130 Fulton St., N. Y.

The Beautiful Hand- Woven |

PEQUOT RUGS)

Refreshing Simplicity

Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design
and inexpensive. Send for Booklet,

CHAS. H. KIMBALL

44 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn.

PRUNING AND PRUNING ADVICE
James Wesson Phelps, sncmrece

El Y IE Tri In All |
Branches of Landscape work. BOILON, CONN.

IRON AND WIRE FENCES

Plain and heavy, also light and ornamental.
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EXEEDDDXIEXDODO) — ENTERE oe FOUNDRY & KENCE CO. |
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The Readers’ Servi ist i
APRIL , 1908 ‘qt H K G A R D E N M A G A ZL, I N E SG eio ne Wapiaire ai sokesionie 167

a SS => =
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——

DINGEE Roses “*

The Aristocrats of the Rose Garden

“Dingee” is the name that has been associated with America’s most famous
Roses for nearly sixty years. It is a name that stands for “Roses of Quality,” and
is in itself a guarantee that Dingee Roses are the strongest, hardiest and most
beautiful grown.

Rose growing is our specialty. We grow and sell each year over a million
Rose plants—each one on its own roots and guaranteed to grow and bloom.

With seventy greenhouses and over a million Rose plants in a thousand different varieties
to choose from, we may fairly claim to be the Leading Rose Growers of America.
Success in growing Roses depends upon two things,—quality of the plants themselves and
knowledge of how to care for them. The 1908 edition of

New Guide to Rose Culture

the leading Rose Catalogue of America, is a book that tells just how to succeed with Roses.
Tells when and how to plant them, how to care for them and how to select the best varieties.
Contains 134 pages of valuable information, illustrated with many pages in full colors; also
tells how to succeed with all other desirable flowers. We want every Rose lover to have this
book. Complimentary copy sent postpaid to any address upon request.
$1 oo We consider this the greatest collection of Roses ever offered. It will appeal
o strongly to those who look for quality rather than quantity. Ten strong, sturdy
Buys plants on their own roots—all labeled, true to name, sent postpaid anywhere,

10 Guaranteed to reach you safely and to grow and bloom.
Killarney (pink) Souv. de Pierre Notting (yellow) Pink Maman Cochet
Famous white maman Cochet Kaiserin Augusta Victoria (white) Helen Gould (crimson)
Roses La France (pink) Mad. Abel Chatenay (rosy crimson) Etoile de France (crimson)

and the wonderful Tausendschon (Rose of a Thousand Beauties)

The Tausendschén is the most sensational climbing Rose ever introduced. Blooms profusely.
Each cluster has ten to fifteen Moses of various colors—white, pink, yellow, carmine, etc. This Rose
plant alone is worth the price of the whole collection.

Orders booked for delivery when wanted. A dollar bill will bring them all postpaid. Now is a good time fo order.

While our specialty is the “Rose,’”’ we also grow all other flowers worth while, Carnations, Chrys-
anthemums, Violets, Perennials, Ilardy Flowering Shrubs and Vines, etc. Finest varieties, Flower
and vegetable seeds a specialty.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove, Pa. G

The Leading Rose Growers of America.

ESTABLISHED 1850 TOIGHEENTOUS ES @i2

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It’s pretty hard to improve on the plans of old Mother Nature. A few thousand years ago she laid out America
as ‘‘an addition”’ to the known world. She ‘‘put it on’’ at the psychological moment, all right, and no real-estate
man has been able to better her methods! The divisions and subdivisions worked out in the plans of the old
dame have proved the accuracy of her foresight by the way iu which they have served the purpose of mankind.

IN THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS

Mother Nature established: her nursery for the new territory. Here she showed a display of beautiful flowers,
attractive shrubs and stately trees never equalled since the world began—here where they would make effective
appeal to the throngs pressing on to occupy the plains and valleys beyond. And today, throughout the valleys of
the Mississippi and its tributaries, south to the Gulf, north to the Lakes and west to the Rockies, there are
growing trees and plants from the slips and seeds carried out of the Allegheny Mountains by the old pioneers.

OLD-TIME HARDY GARDENS

have never lost their popularity in the Alleghenies, and now that they are ‘‘coming in’’ everywhere again
it Is to these Mountains that one must go for the best specimens of the old-cime favorites. We are growing
hardy plants as a specialty, in the heart of the Southern Alleghenies where the rich but shallow soil. the long
growing season and the short sharp winters combine to produce plants of extreme hardiness and thriftiness.
Our new book, ‘Peter's Plants—with which to Create Anew the Old-Time Hardy Gardens,”
free to every applicant. See what we offer before buying for the season's planting. We
prepay transportation charges on stock purchased of us if crder amounts to $ro or more.

ss af Sy 1908,entirely new. Most ar- FF.
H.SHOESMITH gi tistic,complete and original. .—
SCARE Elioioe | Mailed free upon application.

W.W. RAWS ON&COMPANY

UNION ST. BOSTON MASS.
pweidlists of Highest Grade Seeds, Plants and Bulbs.

PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY,
BOX 347, KNOXVILLE, TENN.

What is a fair rental fora given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

168

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Illustrations from our new Booklet (a
work of art) showing our line of

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extra heavy improved steel wheels with dust cap and removable chilled
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The Reversible Sulky Plow is a labor-saver and a money-maker for the up-to-date farmer,

j fully described in a circular which we will send free, at the same time we will send our —_.
catalog describing ‘‘The Lovejoy Line’’ of Farm Tools. If we have no dealer near you
we want to make you a Special Price Proposition that will save you money.

THE LOVEJOY CO., 71¢ FOUNDRY STREET, CAMBRIDGE, N. Y.

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USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS.
SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA.

Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs from Insects.
Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Writefor free pamphlet on Bugs and
Blights, etc., to

B. HAMMOND

ussies and Harness

are sold direct from our factory to the
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Catalogue ELKHART, IND.

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ApRit, 1908

6. Rotation. Try not to plant the same

| or similar crops on the same ground more

than one year in succession.

7. Rolling. After planting your seed,
tramp or roll hard the ground just over the
seed except in a very wet season or on wet
ground. This brings the moisture from
below up to the seeds and helps them sprout.
A little loose soil scattered over what you
have tramped or rolled helps keep in the
moisture. If, however, growth is delayed
by bad weather, do not let the surface
become caked, but scratch it so as not to
disturb the sprouts; and when the plants
are through, cultivate and stir lightly all
around them.

8. Cultivating. Never work the soil
while it is wet, as that makes it lumpy and
hard; but as soon after every rain as the
ground can be worked without sticking
together in lumps, hoe or cultivate the entire
surface of the garden so as to leave about
an inch of loose soil over its surface. This
will act as a mulch and conserve the mois-
ture, which your plants will utilize, from the
rain. Do not cultivate or touch beans
when wet as it will rust them. Do not
let soil become “baked.” Do not tramp
over and harden the soil of your garden
any more than possible.

g. Diseases. Pick and burn at once all
leaves or vegetables showing signs of rot or
disease.

10. Picking. Pick all defective or ripe

fruits. If left to go to seed, they will stop

production.

tr. Weeds. Kill weeds by wholesale
methods when they are small.

12. Watering. Do not sprinkle frequently,
and avoid water that is too cold. Let it
warm somewhat and run it in furrows over
the ground, so that it will soak in deep. Do
this once a week or when the ground has
become somewhat dry. After watering,
cultivate as soon as the soil is dry enough
for the purpose.

13. Succession. A judicious mixture of
early and late varieties will produce a suc-
cession and prolong the yielding season,
but a better way is to combine with different
maturing varieties the principle of making
several successive plantings of the choicest
varieties. If you must plant late in the
season, then use the early, quick-maturing
varieties of seed, so that they will not be cut
off by frosts.

14. Transplanting. In transplanting, take
up two or three plants together and reset
the lot; then after you are sure one has
taken root and survived the transfer, pull
out the others. In transplanting, take off
part of leaves (if they are well grown), so
as to equalize the loss in root system.

15. Coldjrames. These are too much
bother for me. I prefer to buy plants of
cauliflower, celery, pepper, tomato, early
cabbage, and even lettuce.

16. Labor. Keep an eye on the “good,
honest farmer.” If he does a job of plow-
ing and harrowing for you, look under the
fine surface he invariably leaves, and see if
the soil is really fine all the way down.

Mass. C. L. Brown.

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

“HARDY
AS A
ROCK”

ApRIL, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 169

This New Creation
Astonishes All Plant Authorities

Every authority on horticulture who has seen them is astounded at
their beauty. They are truly wonderful to all who have seen them.

At the Jamestown Exposition crowds were attracted by them and the
Plant Judges awarded them the Special Silver Medal Award. Since last
March, when they were first introduced, 4478 plants have been sold to
flower lovers all over the world.

Picture blooms similar to the illustration, from 8 to over 10 inches in diam-
eter, in rich, fiery crimson, bright glowing red, soft shades of pink and pure
white. The effect is startlingly gorgeous.

The attractive, graceful foliage enhances the beauty of these
plants and is far superior to the old forms in this respect.

From July to late October, when the frost comes, the flowers continue to appear in abundance—
three months of glorious bloom. Plant them in your shrubbery beds, perennial borders or, in fact,

anywhere on your lawn or in your garden, and the effect will surpass any other floral arrangement.
Order at once—a delay may mean a regret, as we sold out of some sizes and colors last season.

ACTUAL
SIZE

TWO-YEAR-OLD ROOTS

These will positively flower abundantly this season.

Grand results are possible with these strong roots the
first season, and you are assured of a wealth of bloom.
Crimson Mallow Marvel $2.00 each $15.00 per 10
White Mallow Marvel 2.00 ‘< 15.00 ‘* ‘*
Red Mallow Marvel 2.00 ‘‘ 15.00 *“* <<
Pink Mallow Marvel 1.50 ‘ 10.00 « <<

BABY MALLOW MARVELS

Here is an opportunity for the plant enthusiast. Two
summers ago one of our experts selected and crossed, in

80-Page Plant
Book—Free

Our 80-page plant
book is ready for
mailing. If you

have a lawn, garden

or ground of any size, you
need this beautiful book. It is full

accordance with the famous Mendel theory of selection,
some of the very finest strains of our Mallow Marvels.
The progeny resulting from this cross will flower this sum-
mer for the first time. Most wonderful results are antici-
pated. The flowers should be a vast improvement on the
present Mallow Marvels, having to a greater degree the
rich coloring, immense flowers and exquisite form of the
parent plants.

As assorted colors they will be sold this spring at the
special price of 3 for $1.00

Special. On request we will mail a beautiful colored
plate of these wonderful Mallow Marvels.

of HINTS and SUGGESTIONS
not contained in other books.

» SENT FREE ON REQUEST.

THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc.

Growers of Thrifty Trees and Hardy Plants Box 17, Germantown, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Is it GLADIOLUS
or GLADIOLUS?

Gla-di’-o-lus. A large Old World genus
of plants of the Iris family, with a fleshy bulb,
long, narrow, sword-shaped leaves, and spikes
of very handsome, curiously-shaped flowers.
They are much prized in ornamental culti-
vation.

Glad/’-i-o’-lus. Plant of the genus Gladi-

ens 3 Gomes —Standard Dictionary.

It’s a Very Different Flower

The Gladiolus of today,

ACRES

1 Awarded silver medal by the Horticultural Society, at
Many Prize Newport, R. I.; first-class certificates of merit by the
Awards Massachusetts Horticultural Society, at Boston, and North
Shore Horticultural Society, at Manchester-by-the-Sea.

Of a recent exhibit of Cedar Acres Gladioli the Boston
“Transcript” said: “B. Hammond Tracy is given a large
space for the display of his wonderful Gladioli, grown at
Cedar Acres, Wenham. From among his 400 seedlings
he has brought at least 50 for this occasion. His
Harvard, Kathryn and Princess Sandersoni were sur-
rounded by admiring throngs all day.”

from the small-

The

flowered variety we used to know.
superb newer hybrids, with surpassing beauty
of form and dazzling variety of color, are a
revelation in comparison with the old-time
species, with their short spikes and indifferent
blooms.

“The Twentieth Century
Flower’’—Free

This handsome little book tells the rest of
the story of the modern Gladiolus. It contains
accurate descriptions of the best varieties—
many illustrated in colors—cultural directions,
prices, etc. Send for a copy—you’ll find it
worth while, for it tells how to start easy.

ARTHUR COWEE

Gladiolus Specialist a
Meadowvale Farm : Box 14 : BERLIN, N.Y.

The cut shows my splendid new variety, “Victory”

Popular at
the Exhibits

My beautiful booklet, which I shall be glad to send you,
free, illustrates Harvard in full colors and has fine pictures
of Kathryn, Princess Sandersoni and other varieties. It
describes seven 1908 novelties and several dozen other
named kinds. Prices are reasonable, especially on my
choice mixtures. Send to-day for copy of the booklet.

B. HAMMOND TRACY _ Box 124, WENHAM, MASS.

Booklet

Free to You

170

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

Water Where You
Want It

Is there a running stream or spring on
your ground. If so, why not pump the
water where you want it. Have the con-
veniences of running water in the house
and at the barn, and for use in sprinkling
the lawn and garden. Beautify your

lawn with a fountain by the overflow from

the tank or reservoir. The expense is
not great, smaller than you imagine. A

NIAGARA
Hydraulic Ram

will pump water just where you want it.
Works automatically and continuously,
and without cost for repairs. Write for
illustrated booklet AC showing just
what this ram will do, how cheap it is to
install, and how much beiter it is than a
windmill or gasoline engine. —

NIAGARA HYDRAULIC ENGINE CO.
140 Nassau St., New York. Factory, Chester, Pa.

Place a sundial in your garden or
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.,
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill.

on your lawn and it will return an®

We manufacture the

“AMERICAN” MACHINERY

for the following described work :

rotary and coring
work, Deep well pumping machinery, Air Com-
pressors for all duties, Centrifugal Pumps for irriga-
tion and reclamation purposes.

We should be glad to mail printed matter to in-
terested applicants. Ask for Circular RH.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS
Aurora, Ill. or ist Natl. Bank Bldg., Chicago

Well drilling and prospecting,

The Oldest Flowers in Cultivation
1. The Hen-and-Chickens Daisy

HE hen-and-chickens daisy is one of
the oldest and most interesting freaks

in the vegetable kingdom, and the “Cyclo -
pedia of American Horticulture” is quite
mistaken in declaring it is not a_per-
manent form but a result of over feeding.
On the contrary, the plant has been offered
by nurserymen for several centuries and can
be procured to-day. Moreover, the “‘Cyclo-
pedia of American Horticulture” gives a
wrong impression by stating that the small
flower heads spring out of the main flower
head. The accompanying picture faith-
fully shows the manner in which they spring
from the base of the flower head. In other
words, these secondary. flower heads make a
sort of flat rosette, which is not at all like

i Balls muinar pba mubtighearubys,

The hen-and-chickens daisy (Bellis perennis, var.

prolifera) as pictured in 1613 in Besler’s “‘Hortus

Eystettensis’’

the proliferous rose, in which the axis of
growth continues through the main flower.

The hen-and-chickens daisy will not
invariably come true to type, but a con-
siderable proportion will produce the second-
ary flowers even without extra feeding.
This plant is an interesting curiosity, and
a mass effect is decidedly pretty before the
secondary flowers become prominent.

New Jersey. THomas McApam.

[The next article will show a wonderful
improvement in the wall flower made as
early as 1613.]

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ApRit, 1908

IRONING

Made Easy

You can easily iron your plain clothes
and flat work with the Simplex Ironer
much better, quicker and at less
SEEEASE than by any other

: m method. The
’ goods leave
7 ironer beauti-
fully fin-
ished, per-
fectly dry
=| and ready
to put away. The

Srpux IRONER

"THE BEST IRONER:

is made in styles for the smallest home to the largest
also for clubs, hotels, etc., and is sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. It soon pays for itself by saving labor,
fuel, time and expense. It’s simple, very easily
operated and will last a lifetime. Cost only Ic an
hour to heat by gas or gasoline.

Write for dealer who sells the Simplex in your
city. If no dealer we ship on 30 Days’ Free Trial.
Send for free descriptive booklet.

AMERICAN IRONING MACHINE Co.,
H—32 E. Lake Street, Chicago, Ill

THE HOOVER POTATO
The most successful digger made. DIGGER

Saves time, labor and
potatoes. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed.

Catalogue of
Diggers. Pickers
and Sorters.

HOOVER MFG. CO., Rox 36, Avery, Ohio.

SPRAY PoTArOrs

—Automatic—including Agitator and Strainer Cleaner—
Sprays 40 acres daily—State experiments show gain of more than

5 per acre by using the WATSON. Booklet FREE.
Figie FORCE PUMP CO. 48 11th &t., Elmira, N. Y.

THE “PILOT” GASLIGHT MAKER

For Country Homes, Hotels, Stores. Makes brilliant WAzte, Eye-
saving Gaslight, which costs a thzrd /ess than Kerosene Light. Tell
us how many rooms or size of your Store to Light and we will

quote you interesting price. Address
“The Pilot Generator,’’ 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago

The Farmers’ Easy Record

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on
the farm. Designed by an expert. Thousands in use. Easy to keep.
Will last 8 years. Every progressive farmer should DENG it. Fa SO)
Wanted. Send for free specimen pages and Special Offer.
CENTURY SUPPLY CO., Dept. 579, SPRINGFIELD , OHIO

9 20th
Steel Ball Coupling Pivot Axle
Cultivator pith Double
Planter and Fertilizer Attach=
: ment Complete in One Machine

Awarded
GOLD MEDAL

at World’s Fair, St. Louis.
Awonderful improvement
in cultivators, combining every
possible movement of gangs
and wheels required. Easily
changed to different styles
Y ‘Iihousands in use. M’fr’s of
all kinds of Ag’r'l Implements. Agents wanted. Write for
circular. The Hench & Dromgold Co., Mirs. ,York, Pa.

APRIL, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

If you are planning to build, the Readers? 1 1
Service can often give helpful suggestions 7

AXLE GREASE),

adds years to the life of a
wagon. Just what a farmer,
teamster or drayman needs to
make the “wheels go round”
with least wear and most profit.

|

Poor grease cuts the boxes
out of your wheels—don’t use
it—get Mica Axle Grease and
save the wagon.

Mica Axle Grease has just
the right ‘‘body” to wear long
without running. Coats the
axle with an anti-friction sur-
face of powdered mica which
is almost as good as roller
bearings.

———_ a =

eae

Pe ae

Your wagon needs Mica
Axle Grease—ask the dealer
for it.

+

STANDARD OIL COMPANY

(INCORPORATED)

a

TOR SALE _THE MOST ComPLete

STOCK OF

Hardy Perennials, Dahlias
and Others Bulbs

For Spring Planting, at Reduced Prices. Get list.

PALISADES NURSERIES =

Horsford’s
Hardy For
P| ants Climates

DO YOU KNOW WHAT THESE ARE ?

They are Lilies, Perennial Larkspurs, Campanulas,
CoJumbines, Wind Flowers, Hardy Ferns, Old Fash-
ioned Flowers, such as Bleeding-Heart, Day-Lilies,
Foxgloves. Some of the best wild Orchids, such as the
Yellow and Pink Lady’s- Slippers, Iceland and Oriental
Poppies, Monk’s-Hoods, Primulas, Lupines, Hardy-
Pinks, Perennial Phlox, Wild Asters, Perennial Sun-
flowers, German and Japanese Iris, Paeonias, Chinese
Balloon Flowers, Marsh Mallows, Pentstemons, Meadow
Rues, Evening Primroses, Wild Violets, Meadow Sweets,
Roses, Shrubs, Trees, Vines and hundreds of other
hardy gems that have lived through many Vermont
winters. You can grow any of these and have them
last years. Ask for new catalogue.

FREDERICK H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

SPARKILL, N. Y.

MICA

. Write to Us ratty
‘Before You Decide on a Roofing

We want to tell you roofing facts—facts that we will enable you to prove.
We want to tell you why REX Flintkote ROOFING is used on such buildings
as the one shown in the photo-engraving below. We want to tell you why
REX ROOFING lasts—why it is absolutely water-proof—why it is acid and
fume-proof—why it is fire retardant. Write us for our booklet of roofing
information and ores: of REX Flintkote ROOFING to test. Be sure that

the Boy Trade-mark is on the roll when you buy.

J.A.& W. BIRD & CO.

29 India Street

BOSTON, MASS.
AGENTS EVERYWHERE

by inclosing your grounds with the strongest, most or-
namental and durable fence on the market. This illus-
tration can give you buta faint idea of the beauties of

Lawn

Fence

Ithasall the advantages of any other form of fence with-
out their disadvantages, and is made in several sizes and
styles to meet all requirements. Complete illustrated
catalogue mailed onrequest. Kindly ask for CatalogueD.

SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO.

253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY

“Old Hickory” $9.15
Andrew Jackson Chair

For comfort, serviceability, style and durability this chair is
perfection. Just the thing for Porch, Lawn and Outdoor use,
as the weather does not affect it. Made entirely of genuine
white hickory with beautiful natural bark finish. An exact
duplicate of the Old Andrew Jackson Chair. Seat 17 inches
wide, 15 inches deep; height over all, 36 inches. Price, $2.75.
Two for $5.00. Freight prepaid east of Mississippi River.
120 Other styles of “Old Hickory” Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc.,
from $1.50 to $25.00.

Vo. 32
Old Hickory Furniture Pleases Everyone

“T now have thirty pieces of your Old Hickory in my home, ‘The Nutshell,’ and should not feel my home complete
without it.’—IDA A. KEATON, Hinsdale, New Hampshire.
“The furniture purchased from you arrived safely, several days since. It is simply grand, and we are more than pleased
with it.” —L. E. McLAIN, Canon City, Colo.
“T have six of your chairs in use on my veranda, and find them not only covzfortable but durable, as I have had them
in use for five seasons and good for as many more.”—P. F. MYERS, Jeffersonville, Ind,

Be sure to get the “Old Hickory” Furniture. If your dealer will not supply you,
remit to us and we will ship promptly. Write fornew FREE 48-page Illustrated Cata-
logue and Special Introductory Offer.

THE Oe Aaa ole CO.

124 Cherry Street = =
“ The Original Old Hickory Furniture eee

Martinsville, Ind.

What ts a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

METAL GARDEN
ORNAMENTS

Lawn and Park Fountains
Drinking Fountains
Railings and Entrance Gates
Gas and Electric Light Posts and Lamps
Stable and Cattle House Fittings

Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze
Statuary, Settees and Chairs
Tree Guards

We issue separate Catalogue of each of the
above which will be sent upon request.

The J. L. Mott Iron Works

Ornamental Dept.
sth Ave. and 17th Street, New York

Preserve and Beautify Your Shingles |

by staining them with

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

They are made of Creosote [the best wood
preservative known’’], pure linseed oil, and
the best pigments, and give soft, velvety color-
ing effects (moss-greens, bark-browns, silver-
grays, etc.) that look better and wear better than
any others. 50% cheaper than paint.

Send for stained wood samples and Catalogue
SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Manufacturer
1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

A gents at all Central Points
Cabot’s Sheathing ‘Quilt’? makes warm houses

HALLOCK’S SUCCESS JR. DIGGER

Price While we have always manufactured the Hallock Potato Digger,

$12

we have recently taken over the selling end of the business, and we

offer the Success Jr. Digger at the low price of only $12. It

combines simplicity in construction with durability and lightness
of draft, and is just what the farmer, who grows potatoes on a small
scale, needs. It is made of steel, except the handles and beam, and
weighs but 75 pounds. The OK Elevator Digger is made for large
crops. Both guaranteed in every respect. Write for particulars. 40-
page catalogue of Grain Drills, Corn Planters, etc., on request.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., Box, 822, York, Pa.

Why depend on slow, expensive farm help, which
gets poorer and scarcer all the time?

Jr. and do the work of three to
or hoe by hand.

No. 4. Planet Jr. Combined Seeder
and Wheel Hoe saves time, labor, seed,
and money. Almost all useful garden im-
plements in one tool. Changed in a second
to an Adjustable Hill-dropping Seeder,
Continuous Drill Seeder, Single Wheel

Own a Planet
six men that plant

Planet Jr. tools are built for practical, econom- \ Hoe, Furrower, Cultivator, Weeder, or

ical work—are improved every year. They are
backed by 35 years experience, a _~
million satisfied users—and fully
guaranteed. Our new illustrated
catalogue sent on request, show-
ing our splendid line of 1908

Tools—Seeders,

W heel-Hoes,
Horse-Hoes, One- and Two-Horse Riding
"Cultivators, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators,

Wheel Garden Plow—each tool the finest
of its kind. Pays for itself quickly, even
in small gardens.

No. 12. Planet Jr. Double Wheel
Hoe, Cultivator and Plow,—the handi-
est implement ever made for gar-
dening. All cultivating parts are of

‘high-carbon steel to keep keen edge.
Specially designed to work extremely
close to plants without injury.

Write to-day.

S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.

Raising Early-hatched Chicks

ae four essentials absolutely necessary
to the successful raising of incubator
chicks are that the chicks must be kept
sufficiently warm and dry all the time, must
have pure air, good food and water, and

be kept free from vermin. The great
scourge of brooder chicks is what is known
as “white diarrhcea’’ for which I believe that
both too much and too little heat are largely
responsible. Other causes are improper
hatching, and if the eggs are from immature,
diseased, over-fat, weak stock, the chicks
are not worth raising.

The brooder must be so constructed
that a proper temperature can be maintained
at all times; that pure, heated air is contin-
ually supplied to the chicks; that no lamp
fumes can reach them; that there are no
corners under the hover into which they
can crowd; and that they can get away from
the heat should it become too high. A
brooder in which the chicks cannot get away
from an excess of heat is worthless. These
conditions may be secured in a home-made.
brooder, but most amateurs will have better
results from purchasing one embodying the
necessary requirements. Outdoor brooders
are largely used, and are easily controlled
if placed under a shed where they are pro-
tected from high winds, severe storms, and
excessive heat from the sun, but any arrange-
ment for brooding should supply all direct
sunlight possible. The ideal arrangement for
brooding chicks consists of one or two indoor
brooders- in a colony house, so arranged
that the brooders may be taken out when
artificial heat is no longer required, and the
chicks left in possession of the house.
There is a brooder on the market used in
a house built for the purpose, in which one
lamp heats eight hovers, four stories high,
each hover sheltering twenty-five chicks.
This brooder is the most economical with oil
and labor of any that I know.

If the brooder has ever been used before it
must be thoroughly fumigated and disin-
fected. Boiling hot water is a good cleanser,
and carbolic acid is excellent as a disinfectant.
Whichever you use, give the brooder time
to dry out before putting in the chicks.
Have the lamp thoroughly clean, with a
good wick, and use the best kerosene oil.
Gas and gasolene are also sometimes used.
Heat the brooder well before putting in the
chicks; cover the floor with dry earth, chaff,
hay seed, or cut clover; and have the tem-
perature under the hover, three inches from
the floor, from go to 95 degrees. If the
chicks are inclined to crowd together and

Apri, 1908 THE

G ARDE N M A G AZI N E The Readers’ Service gives

information about real estate

173

$35 in a Single Week |

has been earned by one woman with yard and garden flow-

ers. $5 to $25 a week can easily be earned by anyone liv=
ing within 20 miles of a large town. Why not be more
successful with your flowers and at the same time earn
money with thei? Youcan easily learn how. In my course,

Success With Flowers

for Pleasure and Profit, three practical and expert growers
give their latest and best methods of earning money with
flowers, For only a 2-cent stamp 1 will gladly send my
plan to help you, and a packet of my new Giant Premo
Aster. worth 15 cts.

MRS. A. FACKLER, Box 740, Linglestown,Pa.
Write me today. Last year many said:
© 1f only I had written to you earlier!”

STRAWBERRIES

If you want Strawberry Plants, the best that f
p)} grow, I have millions of them grown expressly {f
pf for plants. 108 varieties, consisting of all the best
y/ standard and most promising new ones. Packed ff

a Wh
S59

ts. WAY
IN a

- Beautify Your Grounds For $1.00

AN OPPORTUNITY for early buyers. Special collection of

choicest lawn shrubs and plants, express size, including some
of the very finest garden sorts in cultivation, $1.00, $3.00, $5.co and
$10.00 per set. These are real bargains that will surprise ycu.

Write us about them.

HARRISON & SCHREIBER, Landscape Engineers
416 Harrison Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

BERRY PLANTS

We are headquarters for plants of the
new “‘ Oswego ”’ strawberry and so other
best new and old varieties. Also the
“Plum Farmer”? raspberry and other
desirable kinds of Raspberries, Black-
y berries and other Fruit Plants, ete. 24 years
P experience. Highest awards at World’s Fair.
¥ We invite correspondence. Catalog free.

L. J. FAP MER, Box 829, Pulaski, N. Y.

.00 WILL BRING YOU MY

—— ARTISTIC HARDY
BORDER PLANTS
SELECTION,

arranged for continuous blooms and color
effect, consisting of 50 distinct varieties,
my selection. Illustrated Catalogue free.

CHARLES W. SCHNEIDER, Little Silver, New Jersey

Flowering Plant

Giant Tuberous Begonias Th: Poruler

ie

Nothing surpasses the brilliancy
and richness of these flowers.
Colors: White, Pink, Scarlet, Rose,
Crimson, Yellow and Orange.
Our own importation of large, well-
ripened bulbs. One bulb 8 cents,
» The collection of 7 colors, 40

cents, postpaid. 100 for $5.00.
‘ These Begonias are continual
bloomers and will surprise and
delight those who have not hith-

sure to ask for our $20.00 prize offer.

BINGHAMTON SEED CO.
No. 100 Court Street Binghamton, New York

,

Start with the largest stock that can be secured !
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

immediate effect.

ANDORRA NURSERIE

WI1. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

erto grown them. Send today for

our FREE Catalogue, and be

GARDEN
FURNITURE

a BESe subjects show but a few
of the 400 designs of Italian
and Classical Pieces shown in our
new catalog which is sent upon
receipt of twenty-five cents.

Illustrations of any particular
class of subjects will be mailed free.

Our Designing Department will
be glad to assist in the laying out
of your grounds. Many start with
a simple Sun-dial, but it should be
in keeping with what you would
do later. Let us help you.

FOUNTAINS, STATUARY, COLUMNS, PER-
GOLAS, BALUSTRADES, STANDARDS, SUN-
DIALS, PEDESTALS, BENCHES, TABLES,
VASES, WELL HEADS, WALL FOUNTAINS,
Lions, SPHINXES, ETC., IN MARBLE,
STONE AND POMPEIAN STONE WHICH
SUCCESSFULLY WITHSTANDS THE AMER-
ICAN CLIMATE.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

Six West Fifteenth Street

NEW YORK

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an
Price List Now Ready.

It takes over twenty years

CHESTNUT HILL,
G PHILADELPHIA, PA,

Box

pe Are you going to refurnish a room ?
174 Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

THE

Clematis and Roses
for Spring Planting

Large Flowered Clematis

The most gorgeous flowering vine for porch and trellis, or running
over rock work. It will festoon the veranda with sheets of
white, red and purple flowers.
Our 2 year strong field grown roots will blossom first season.
Varieties: Henryi (white); Madam Andre (red); Jackmanii
(purple), 50c. each, $5.00 per doz.

Dwarf Baby Rambler Rose

The Crimson Rambler in dwarf form. Flowers borne in clusters
frequently 25 or 30 inacluster. Flowers perpetually from June
until November.

$100.00 was awarded us last June as frst prize for the pro-
duction of best 100 plants of this variety. Order now some of
these premium plants.

XXX field grown plants 50c. each, $5.00 per doz., No. 1 field
grown plants 35c. each, $3.50 per doz., $25.00 per 100.

Catalogue of Trees, Plants, etc., with colored
plates of Clematis and Rose free.

REEETISSET NEG H.S.WILEY & SON, prawer 47, CAYUGA, N. Y.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

For Dark, Shady Places

There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive
there. There is no soilso light and sandy but that some of our hardy wild
ferns will beautify it. For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns
and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply
ferns for the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our
native orchids, in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and
swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We also grow the hardy
flowers which require open sunlight — primroses, campanulas, digitalis,
violets, etc,

Write for my descriptive catalogue. Ittells about this class of plants.

EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

of all kinds can be madea source of

big and sure returns to the grower
who will take the trouble to look into
the vital subject of scientific fertilizing
and the value of |

which insures full-sized, highly-colored and finely-flavored fruit.

Send for valuable book, free. Prepared by experts. Should be in the library of every farmer
and planter for ready reference. Send for it to-day. Address

GERMAN KALI WORKS
New York—93 Nassau Street

Chicago—Monadnock Building
Atlanta, Ga.—1224 Candler Building

APRIL, 1908

complain, they are too cold; if they spread
out, evidently trying to get away from each
other, they are too warm; if they spread out
flat but close together under the hover, the
temperature is about right. Some brooders,
like incubators, are made with self-regu-
lating devices, but these are more ex-
pensive.

It is better to fill and trim the lamps toward
night rather than in the morning. Always
inspect the brooders an hour or two after-
ward. My practice is to look them over,
especially the lamps, the last thing before
going to bed, and, in case of change of
weather or severe storm, I often get up in
the night to be sure that all is well.

Thirty-six to forty-eight hours after hatch-
ing, remove the chicks to the brooder and
give the first feed. Never put more than
fifty chicks togethcr, forty isa better number,
and twenty-five still better. Remember, you
are trying to see how many chicks you can
raise, and not how many you can crowd
into one brooder.

New Jersey. F. H. VALENTINE.

Setting and Cultivating Cabbage

Wye setting cabbage plants directly
from seed-bed to field, I prefer
lifting the plant direct and watering imme-
diately it is set into its new place in the field.
Unless compelled to do so, I never set plantsin
the “dust,” or during extremely dry weather.
The loss of plants is not only great, but those
that live receive a stunt that they recover
from slowly, if at all. A rainy or cloudy
day, when the soil is moist, is the time,
at any season, to set plants. For a number
of years, I have made it a practice to pull
my plants a day or more before the time
of setting, placing them in a dark cel-
lar, and covering the roots with pieces of
old carpet or gunny sacks well moistened.
This produces a fibrous growth of the lateral
roots such as the plant must make in the
field before it can begin to absorb moisture
and plant food. This scheme aids the
plant considerably in making a start in its
new surroundings. The preparation of
the field to receive the cabbage plant must
be thorough and complete. Where a disc
is not available (although no farmer or gar-
dener should be without one) the field
must be cross-plowed. Where the disc
is used it should be repeatedly run over the
field until the soil is finely broken up to the
full depth of the furrow and is as mellow
and as thoroughly pulverized as the surface,

APRIL, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service 1s prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

175

BUY THEM WHERE THEY GROW
California

Dried Fruit

Direct to You
Special Introductory Offer

50 POUND .sccrrmenr $6.00

Fancy dried, carefully prepared, high-grade,

select, clean, new.

CALIFORNIA FRUIT

Special offers far immediate acceptance. We
pay the freight to any railroad station east of
the Rocky Mountains. All points west on a
100-pound order. Packed in a special dust
and air proof box in which it can remain.

YOU SAVE $2.75 ON 50 LBS.

Or $46.00 on $100.00 worth of Dried Fruit.
THE JOBBERS AND DEALERS PROFIT
You get new, clean fruit, in the original pack-
age, handled. only once, and not exposed to
the dirt, dust and unclean hands as in a store,
and it retains all the natural flavor and good-
ness of the fruit.

ASSORTMENT COMPRISES

25 lbs. French Prunes (large size)....15c kind
10 lbs. Yellow Peaches (halves)... 20c kind
5 lbs. Royal Apricots Ae i
5 lbs. Seedless Sultana Raisins. .
5 lbs. Muscatel Raisins

QUALITY GUARANTEED

We will send you a sample of each kind (26
oz. in all) for 50c, or half that amount for 25c.
Remit P. O. or express money order. Be sure
and give full name and address.

Our References—
First National Bank, Colton, Cal.

CALIFORNIA PRODUCTS Co.
DEPT.11 COLTON, GALIFORNIA

HERITAGE

_ A Strawberry

New seedling that has never been excelled. Full par-
ticulars and Cultural Directions for the garden FREE.

J. E. HERITAGE, Marlton, N. J.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIps in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

GROWN IN NEW JERSEY «

under soil and climate advantages—and ready
to start growth again, anywhere, as soon as
planted. Pomona Nurseries

“TREES AND PLANTS

are the satisfactory kind. A complete as-
sortment especially strong in Hardy Flow-
ering Shrubs, Evergreens and Strawberry
Plants. Landscape plans prepared and
executed. Catalog free.

T. E. Steele, Dept.:24, Palmyra, N. J.

CHOICE ASTER PLANTS, reaaiseWarteties

Seventy-five varieties, Standard sorts per doz sc, per hundred
30c, per thousand $2, per ten thousand $18.00, per hundred thou-

sand $150.00. Send for list.
BARNES’ GARDENS, Spencer, Indiana

The &lm City Nursery Company, Jew Haven, Connecticut
N EW HARDY !
HYDRANGEA
fq GRANDIFLORA ALBA
k jy The most valuable addition to our
ae

strictly hardy garden shrubs that has
appeared in years. Withstands zero
weather without injury. Immense
heads of purest white blooms in June
(see zllustration). After maturity turn-
ing to deep green like the foliage,—
an attractive feature. Asa specimen
The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground
drangea—from photo of taller shrubsitis a tremendous success.
PRICES (eae established, deliv-\ From 6 inch pots, $1.50 each,
ery after April 15th) $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots, $1.00
each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, §$.35
eachi, $3.25 per 10. Shipment by Express advised.
The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.
Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog ts now ready. You
can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spring order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

Trinidad Lake Asphalt in street-pavements has with-
stood heat, cold, air, rain, snow, sun, acids and
heavy trafic for twenty-five years.

Genasco
Ready Rooting

is made of Trinidad Lake Asphalt. No wonder
it lasts longer than any other roofing.

Ask any wide-awake dealer for Genasco. Refuse imitations and substitutes. You want
your roof weather-proof to stay. Write for Book 60 and samples.

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in the world

PHILADELPHIA

San Francisco

New York

Chicago

SUBURBAN

GARDENERS

<4 Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for
the easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden
» Think of one pair of easy-going handles performing every opera-
tion from the opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature’s
reward and you have a slight idea of Iron Age methods.
Whether you plant a hill, a row or an acre, whether youdo it
“4 yourself or employ others, you must know about these Iron
4 Age labor saving, yield-increasing implements if you want
to get the full return for your labor or investment. The
Iron Age Book will be forwarded upon request to readers of
Garden Magazine-Farming. Read it and be a better gardener.

BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J.

HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN NURSERY STOCK

WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc.

Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking.

BAY STATE NURSERIES NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

Growing Tomatoes for Quality,
Quantity and Earliness

| is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. It
contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising
tomatoes. By this method you can have bigger and better fruit and weeks earlier
than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture; forcing the
fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every
gardener, whether he erowss one dozen or one thousand vines. Thesubjects cover-
edare: History of the Tomato; ItsNature and Habit; Tomato Culture inGeneral;
The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home-Grown Plants; Preparing the
Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking

the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 40 Tomato Recipes; Best Tomato Seeds.
The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants.

The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my garden this

Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from topto §
bottom. This is the result of my method. It is easy to raise this kind of fruit
when you know how. Just send for my book—price 5o0c., postage or money
order. Your money back if not satisfactory.

FREE SEED.—To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 days I
willsend FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties ofearlyand §
late tomatoes. I make this offerso that you will get ready now for your spring jf

ardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rushis on. Send formybook- §
et to-day and I know you will be thankful that you made such a wise investment. {

T. F. POTTER, Tomato Specialist, DOWNERS GROVE, I1!.

season.

DEPT. C

176

Concrete construction probems may be
made clear by the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Aprit, 1908

Rid the farm of chicken
thieves and make your
growing son a manly boy
at the same time.

STEVENS

FIREARMS

For Game or Target

Nothing trains a boy’s eye, steadies
his nerve, gives him a cool head,
and teaches him “‘gumption,”’ like
handling a rifle all his own.

You can show him how to do it,
and in addition he will receive valu-
able hints and suggestions from our

FREE piacr CATALOG

Illustrates and descrives all kinds of shotguns and rifles
for men and loys, for target, trap and field shooting.
Shows how Stevens Arms are made and gives information
that every man and boy ought to have. Semt FREE for
5c. in stamp, to pay postage.

LITTLE SCOUT - - $2.25
STEVENS- MAYNARD, Jr. - 3.00
CRACK SHOT - - =- 4.00
LITTLE KRAG - - - 5.00
FAVORITE, No.17 - - 6.00

If your dealer can’t supply Stevens Arms, write to us
and we'll arrange it for you.

J.Stevens Arms and Tool Co.

420 Front Street
Chicopee Falls, Mass.
U.S.A.

AN INTRODUCTORY OFFER

To Popularize Some of Our Most Meritorious Novelties We Offer

1 White Flowering Redbud or Judas Tree, one of the most
strikingly handsome novelties of recent years.....-....:. $1.75
1 Red Flowering Redbud or Judas Tree, a well known
small tree which contrasts finely with above........... $ 25
1 Japan Bean or Kudzu Vine, a most remarkably rapid grow-

ing vine, covering 40 ft. and more in a season,.......... $ .30
1 Fern Leaved Stag Horn Sumac, a vast improvement over
theroldifernulicavedisuniachutests sae nee ieee $ .50

1 American Purple Fringe. One of our rarest native small
hardy trees of a very delicate appearance. ............ $1.20

We wll send this $4.00 collection in strong field grown speci-
mens all charges prepaid anywhere in the U. S.—Or any plants sep-
arately at their set price.

We have the trees more fully described in an illustrated circular
which we gladly send to any address as also our beautifully illustrated
Catalogue of Tree and Shrub Seéds, which you ought to have, for

_ many reasons—and then “‘it is different.”

OTTO KATZENSTEIN @ CO., ATLANTA, GA.

which should be as fine and loose as an
ash heap and without the suspicion of a
clod.

The feeding rootlet of the cabbage plant
is a very delicate affair, the incipient fibrous
root being as thin and thread-like as a
mold, so that the ground should be made
fine enough for this delicate root to pene-
trate easily. Where possible, plow main-
crop cabbage land in the fall or winter,
allowing it to become thoroughly “frozen
out.” Otherwise, plow early in spring and
constantly cultivate with the disc from plow-
ing time until plants are set. This culti-
vation aids not only in the conservation of
moisture, but also in the processes of nitri-
fication. If barnyard manures are used,
apply after plowing and the cultivation
will thoroughly incorporate it with the soil.
When commercial or artificial fertilizer is
used apply at or shortly before the time of
setting. If applied too far inadvance much
fertility is carried too deep to be of immediate
use and if applied too late, the plants are
not given a quick enough start.

I have used the tobacco-plant setter for
cabbage, but do not find it nearly so satis-
factory as hand setting. In applying fer-
tilizers, I make up the plant row as follows.
The field is lined out with a three-row
marker, at thirty inches to three feet apart,
followed by a large single shovel plow to
open a furrow about six inches deep, on the
bottom of which is scattered a complete com-
mercial vegetable manure at the rate of
500 to 2,000 pounds per acre. Where there
is excessive acidity in the soil or danger of
“club-root,” I scatter on top of this a ton or
more of air-slacked lime. This is .mixed
with the soil by passing a fine-toothed cul-
tivator tightly closed together one or more
times in the furrow, which partly closes it,
leaving a depression in centre of rows.
Finish by passing over the field the long way
with a heavy plank drag. Before setting
the field is either re-marked or a line stretched
over the row. The Danish Ball-Head I
set from sixteen to eighteen inches apart
in the row. Being compact growers with
few leaves, this distance is not too close.
For the larger and more leafy varieties,
from twenty-four to thirty inches is required.

Cultivation is begun immediately after
the plant is set, first with small-tooth cul-
tivators to break the crust and to keep the
surface constantly loose to retard evap-
oration and hold rainfall. If other work
permitted I would cultivate the cabbage
plants every day when the ground was in
suitable condition. However, cultivation
is repeated as often as possible, to keep the
plant in rapid, healthy growth from the time
it 1s set out until 1t matures.

We use a large-toothed horse-hoe or double
shovel for cultivating after the plant begins
to throw its leaves toward the heart, con-
tinuing such cultivation even when the
leaves touch between the rows, as the break-
ing of such leaves will not interfere with
the development of the head. The last
cultivations are given to throw a considerable
quantity of earth to the row, ee
somewhat of a ridge.

New York. R. M. WINANS.

The LILY; is tes Synbol of Natural Purity CLEANLINESS. |
If Nature were to undertake our Washing and Cleaning for us—-

PEARLINE and PEARLINES method would be the means used.

Pearline:Possesses Peculiar Purifying Properties

—besides in doing away with the rubbing it DOES AWAY with
the worst of the Work and Wear and Tear.

| MORE,
MILLIONS
=) USE

THAN
EVER
BEFORE

MAKE MONEY
GROWING VIOLETS

The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can
make money all the year growing them outdoors in
cheap cold frames and gardens, or in the house in
pots and boxes. Hunclreds of blossoms easily
grown and quickly sold at handsome profit. A
fascinating occupation or paying business for both
men and wemen. Write to-day for our FREE

Costs BOOKLET, ‘¢Money Making With Violets.” It
Little to will interest and surprise you.
Start Dept. 8, Elite Conservatories, Dedham, Mass.

A beautiful colored plate of our
New Eaton

RED RASPBERRY

and our strawberry catalog of valuable infor-
mation about varieties with instructions for
beginners. Free to all.

THE FLANSBURGH & POTTER CO.,
Leslie, Michigan.

EVERGREENS

Largest stock in America,
including

Colorado Blue Spruce and
Douglas Spruce of Colorado.
Also Ornamental Shade and
Forest Trees.

R. DOUGLAS’ SONS,
Waukegan, III.

coer Bavarian Horse-Radish

Shipped by export house.
George Roesch

Specialties for Spring Planting—1908
Norway Maples, 2-24 inches and 23-3 inches in dia.
Japan Maples, assorted varieties, 1—3 feet.
Carolina Poplars, 10-12 feet, 13-2 inches, extra fine.
Cal. Privet, 18-24 inches, 2-3 feet and 3-5 feet, KX 3
and 4 years old.
Dwarf Box, 3-6 inches.
Rhododendron Hybrids, choice varieties, 1-3 feet.
Rhododendron maximum and Kalmia Latifolia, fine plants,
1—6 feet, in carload lots.
Blue Spruce Kosteri, 1—5 feet.
Climbing and Hybrid Roses, choice varieties.
For a general list of trees and ISG write for our
catalogue.
P. A. KEENE, VICE PRES.

THE MORRIS NURSERY CoO.
1 Madison Ave., New York

Baiersdorf (Bavaria)

Aprin, 1908 EEE eG ARN BIN NG AZNB) cassse pares enircgerd to cal 177

At Easter Tide
when custom decrees that men, and especially women,

should look their best, the raw spring winds cause much
damage to tender skins and complexions.

Mennen’s Borated Talcum
Toilet Powder

isthen doubly necessary. It soothes and heals the skin,
prevents chapping, Chafing, Prickly Heat, Sunburn
and all skin troubles of summer. After bathing and
shaving it is delightful,and in the nursery indispensable.

For your protection the genuine is put up in non-refill-
able boxes—the ‘‘Box that Lox,’’ with Mennen’s face
on top. Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act,
June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542. Sold everywhere, or by
mail25 cents. Sample free.

GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J.

Try Mennen’s Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder---it has
the scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets.

aires

THE

NEW Low Cost Policy

Gives
BSS: i
Annual Cost

MORE LIFE INSURANCE |¥
west | TESS MONEY [oeston”

10 CENTS PER ROLL
ALL SIZES, aes
VELOX PRINTS, BROWNIES, 3c;
34 x3%, 34x4% 4c; 4x5, 3a 5c.

Send us two negatives and we will printthem wztkozt
& charge as 2 sample of our work; we are film specialists
@ and give you better results than you have ever had

Import Seed Company Age 20 = $14.96 P Age 40
Specialists in EXTRA Choice Seeds lAge 25 = 16.77 with Age 45
118r BROADWAY, N. Y. A e = q
BigPackets . JMFORTED “Kater" sosunsine, from | | Ve i ai Every Feature Absolutely Ss
Best Golors offered this apring. "They give gardening new . Guaranteed.
Errrene aati etch ase alone, else’ ures

Send your age nearest birthday for

2 MEN AND WOMEN | : a ; 3 i E bliss : Specimen pelicy. State occupation.

Address Dept 15
Write today for our new 32-page FREE

BOOKLET and learn how to grow mush-
: rooms for big profits all the year in cellars,
stables, sheds, boxes, etc. Surprising returns from

< We have had A small space with little expense. Markets waiting —y d [ he E rude ntial
25 years sabe ea for all you can raise. Previous experience un- g ,

> experi- necessary. We make and sell best spawn and e
emcee teach you our inethods free. Insurance Co. oi America
growing
mush-

RFS ee eetoes Mise rp | 5 JOHN F. DRYDEN, Home Office:

President. NEWARK, N. J-
Wild Western Flowers i
CACTUS, BULBS, SHRUBS, PLANTS.

Ask for our list of many rare and beautiful kinds.

Utah Rare Plant Co. Salt Lake, Utah.

For a Succession of | Azaleas, Laurel and Rhododendrons
Beautiful Flowering Shrubs

. Plant Early in the Spring Send for our new illustrated booklet

Remember that we carry a complete line of Trees, Shrubs, Vines and

rooms. Dept. 9 -

2

Peonies and Irises
Should be Ordered Now Perennials.

eee | “EASTERN NURSERIES

Shatemuc Nurseries M. M. DAWSON, Manager JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS.

, Barrytown Dutchess Co., N. Y.

The Readers’ Service will give you injor-
178 mation about leading hotels anywhere TT H EK G A R D E N M A G A Z ] N E APRIL ‘5 1908

How I Grow Prize Asters

pas AN exhibition last year I had three

entries of asters, and secured first, sec-
ond, and third prizes, the first prize lot being
flowers five inches across on stems twenty-six
inches long. I grow preferably white, pink,
and lavender. ‘These colors are not to be
found, however, in the packets of mixed seeds
on the market, in which red and blue gener-
ally predominate. Pay the highest price
and get good seed. For a small garden one
packet is sufficient, giving at least 300 plants.

In the North the seeds may be planted
in a mild hotbed or coldframe from the
15th of April to the first week in May. If
you have no hotbed, procure from the grocer
a few shallow boxes about three inches
deep and of a size to be easily handled.
Punch a few holes in the bottom of these

ae j-=! | answers the
= questions
f (SS) you want to ask:

| . What, how and when to plant

vegetables, grasses, flowers, plants, bulbs, ferns,
palms, roses, shrubs, vines, berries, aquatics, etc.;
also tools to use, insecticides, fertilizers, etc.
complete Garden Guide and Reference Book for both
amateurs and professionals, listing the best strains that
are grown. 248 large pages, profusely illustrated with
hundreds of photo-reproductions of

Worthy novelties and dependable
= standbys in vegetables and flowers : Quilled aster, very refined looking but flowers not

so large as others. Sow seed from April 15

Mailed to anyone on receipt of request mentioning this publication boxes for drainage and fll wittineeeeeiaM

mold. Mix a few maple or other leaves

Dreer’s Superb American-grown Asters old.
with this, because when the young plants are
Baieis ° ° being transplanted these leaves will stick
for the American Climate to the smooth rootlets and protect them to
We are Aster specialists and handle a carefully some extent from serious Injury.
selected list of the best imported strains in Pack the earth slightly with a board
ec ported s ;
addition th American Br Naa acne plant the seeds about half an inch apart and
one, yin aus GSpsciely Teuorimendes Bs cover with about one-fourth of an inch of
being peculiarly adapted to our trying climatic 3
oniclitione: soil. Water thoroughly and, to keep the
Crimson King—A new sort with extra large rich, rosy soil moist, cover the boxes with brown paper.
crimson flowers. Full of fire, brilliant for bedding or cut- Place the boxes ina south window where
ting; blooms in September. 15c per pKt.; 2 pKts. 25c. the temperitire docs anothuicceino encom
Pink Beauty—Another new yariety with delicate blush a rl d R ia
pink chrysanthemum-like flowers in August and September. grees nor all below 40 degrees. emove the
PRIS DiS VMS 22E brown paper when the small plants begin
Superb Late Branching—This magnificent September ; 2 .
blooming type is of strong, free growth, forming sturdy bushes to appear above the surface, which will be
z to 24 ft. high, bearing their handsome flowers on long oa in about ten days.
Ideal for cutting. We can supply in eight charming colors, ‘
| e e" sf ine Base Se hites azure blue, shell pink, pale tavenaes ueeP Should the plants appear to be growing :
| 4 “eee Af pel imson, rose pink, deep rose and deep purple. c per pht., > 2 :
| < f : BRiainean ction ch of the 8 colors for 60c. tall and spindly, raise them gently with the

handle of a teaspoon and replant them deeper
HENRY A. DREER in the soil. While a a plants may ‘die

714 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA from the effects of this operation, those that
do survive will be strong and free blooming.
Prepare a small bed about four feet square

APRIL,

1908 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

I} you are planning to build the Readers’ as
Service can often give helpjul suggestions 1 79

DAHLIAS

Finest Varieties
in Existence

Prices of the following collections are
for strong pot plants which I guarantee to
give better satisfaction than dry roots.

12 Best Cactus, postpaid for $1.75

Kriemhilde, Victor Von Scheffel, Florence Stredwick,
Mrs. Jones, Mary Service, Floradora, Winsome,Island
Queen, Exquisite, Countess Lonsdale, Blanche Keith,
Florence Stredwick General Butler, Aunt Chloe.

Four Finest Giants, 75c postpaid. Mrs. Roosevelt, Cuban Giant, Prof. Mansfield,
Clara Stredwick.

12 Standard Cactus, for $1.10 postpaid. Keynes White, Standard Bearer, Mrs.
Bennett, Arachne, Matchless, Island Queen, Austin Cannell, Strahlin Krone, John Bragg, Brun-
hilde, Earnest Cheal, Jewell.

12 Choicest Decorative for $1.10 postpaid. Catherine Duer, Queen, Lemon Giant,
C. W. Bruton, King Cactus, Lyndhurst, Perle de Or, Frank Bassett, Hohenzollern, Nymphza,
Pluton, Henry Patrick.

18 Superb Double Quilled for $1.70 postpaid. Grand Duke Alexis, Black Diamond,
Emily, Geo. Smith, Moreau, John Walker, Apple Blossom, Ethel, Kaiser Wilhelm, Electric,
Lady Herbert, Queen Victoria, Quaker Lady, Arabella, Pink Dandy, Ruth, Golden Age, A.D.
Layoni.

Catalogue free describing these and many more, also 150 varieties Roses and many other plants.

W. R. GRAY, Box 6, Oakton, Fairfax Co., Va.

The best possible use of limited space is the keynote of gardening in Japan.
It isan art that has approached perfection through practice by unnumbered
generations. Requiring an uneven surface for its highest development, and
containing much that is formal, landscape gardening in Japan is along lines

more natural in conception than in any other country. America has much to
learn from Japan in this art.

FREE TO YOU, A BOOK, “GARDEN-
ING LESSONS FROM THE JAPANESE”

We have given much study to the principles of Japanese Gardening applied
to American conditions. Many very fine places around Baltimore and else-
where have been designed and planted by us. Now we have written a little
book, ‘“‘Gardening Lessons from the Japanese,”’ which embodies the results of
our study and experience. It tells just how you can benefit by what we have
learned, no matter where you live.

Send for a copy before you complete your spring planting plans

AMERICAN AND JAPANESE NURSERY COMPANY
2151 Old Frederick Road, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND

JAPANESE CARDEN

WOVEN

A See POST IRON FENCES are practical—sightly and

WIRE FENCES

cleanly—made of the best materials—known to be longest last-
ing. The posts are anchored by our patented anchoring irons
which insure rigidity and make perfect and lasting a true alignment.
A fence of graceful lines and without disfigurement to the grounds
affording full protection.

We design, build and erect when desired, fences, entrance gates, iron

railings, etc., for estates, lawns, gardens and farms, each fencing
especially adapted to its purpose. Jllustrated catalogue upon request.

ANCHOR POST IRON
40 Park Row - -

WORKS
New York

EE TE OAT a

mn

Portable Houses

For Camps, Cottages, Garages and Every Purpose

HE old style portable house of poor construction and box-like effect has
given way to one of graceful lines, careful assembling and adaptation
to climatic changes.

ability is apparent.

For 25 years we have been perfecting our portable houses, and we now manu-
facture a complete line of high grade construction and specialize in Summer
Cottages, Garages and Hunters’ Camps.

Our houses are shipped complete in every detail and can be put up without
any previous experience, in a few hours, according to the size of the house.

Its great convenience, inexpensiveness and dur-

We have a little booklet telling about our houses, giving dimensions,
prices and other particulars, fully illustrated, which we would be pleased
tosend you upon request. Send for it to-day.

We refer to Dun’s or Bradstreets, or the Union Trust Co., Springfield

Springfield Portable Construction Co.,Inc.

64 WALTHAM AVENUE, SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

180 ieee A OU MIELD (CHIN IDIDIN, NEAGAZ INE Remi, 1908

A GREENHOUSE ESPECIALLY
FOR GARDEN READERS

Large enough for most of your needs; small enough
not to be a care. It is built with the curved eaves,
wide glass spacing and glistening aluminum interior
finish. We can show you why it will grow more
and better flowers than any other construction and

This decorative style of flower is the most popu-
lar type. Can be had five inches across

re qa tr e. Nelssri ema So 8 61 ae ne and where it will be partially shaded and

protected from the north wind in some way,

U-B AR GREENHOUSES if only by a 12-inch board placed on edge.
: Let the soil be as rich as possible. Last

season, I found that my bed required only
| SO PIERSON U-BAR CO. fifty cents’ worth of liquid and commercial
f : ‘ fertilizer. When the second set of leaves

Designers and Builders 1 Madison Ave., New York appears, transplant to this bed, placing the

plants about two inches apart each way.
Do not neglect to keep the soil well watered.
A slight frost will not harm the plants, but
should a heavy frost threaten, protect them
with some old newspapers. If not too much
trouble, transplant again in about ten days.
I have always obtained my best blooms from
plants that were moved three times.

Set the plants from ten to fifteen inches
apart each way, and as mine grow I carefully
trim off all the side shoots, leaving but six
oreight. Keep the ground constantly stirred
about the roots until the plants are about a
foot high. In this way I obtain very beauti -
ful specimens.

A few wheelbarrow loads of old horse
manure scattered about three inches deep
all around the plants will enrich the ground
considerably. If this cannot be conve-
niently obtained, clippings from the lawn
will answer the purpose. By the middle
of July some of your plants will be so large
as to require staking. Put the stakes in the
side of the bed away from the street, so that
the plants will screen them from the passersby.
Do not tie with string as it will cut the plants,

FOR 1908

Lara We a but use pieces of cloth for the purpose.
HC UARRRE oe eee z In some localities asters are very much
tera Ces aes Nitrate of Soda troubled by flies, bugs, and caterpillars.

9) gi OSES, | ee ; Cover the bottom of a shallow pan about
Sucles “even yitinung peels Wace ay fifteen inches in diameter with water, to

ORIGINAL BAGS :
CBS SOE TOS Os which add one-half teaspoonful of carbolic

BEDDING PLANTS

All kinds—all sizes—all prices.
Write for Catalogue.

THE ANDERSON FLORAL CO.
533 Marshall Ave. ANDERSON, S. C.

mannan eee: 1 1 id. the pan beneath the plants, and
° The Nitrate Agencies Ses a with a piece of shingle.

You need it. Company This causes the bugs to fall into the pan,
It is free to all send- | where they yuickly die. Do this frequently.
ing me their address 64 Stone Street, New York I have found it to be the most effective and,

in fact, the only reliable method of controlling
these pests. The best time to do it is at dusk.
Michigan. M. H. WESTBROOK.

ona postal. Orders for All Quantities Promptly Filled

1716 Filbert Street, Write for Quotations
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

APRIL, 1908

REES

_ Fruit and Ornamental
Shrubs, Evergreens,
Roses, Hardy Plants

All the Best and Hardiest Varieties.
Largest and most varied Collections
in America at best prices direct

from the grower.

We have no

agents. Beautiful new illustrated de-
scriptive Catalogue, with cultural di-
rections, mailed FREE on request.

Ellwanger & Barry

Nurserymen—Horticulturists

Mount Hope Nurseries.

Rochester, N. Y.

ESTABLISHED 1840.

NEW QUIDOOR BOOKS

Four Seasons in
the Garden

By EBEN E. REXFORD

Whether the amateur gardener has a
little plot of ground beside the back fence
in the city or owns a more pretentious garden
in the suburbs, he will find something of par-
ticular interest to him in this book.

It covers a wide range, from making a little
window-box to the work of rural and village
improvement societies, and is written not by
a theoretical, but by a practical amateur gar-
dener who knows whereof he speaks.

Twenty-seven illustrations in tint,
a frontispiece in colors, decorated
title-page, half-titles and lining-
papers. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
Postpaid, $1.65.

Our Trees
How toKnow Them

Photographs from Nature
By ARTHUR I. EMERSON

With a cuide to their recognition at any
season of the year and notes on their charac-
teristics, distribution and culture

By CLARENCE M. WEED, D.Sc.
One hundred and forty illustrations

Size 714 in. x 10 in., Cloth $3.00 net
Postpaid, $3.20.

The Small Country

Place

By SAMUEL T. MAYNARD
Author of “Landscape Gardening as Applied
to Home Decoration,” etc.

This book was written by a man who has
spent more than thirty years teaching botany
and horticulture. It is thoroughly practical,
and will be of great value to those who live
upon small country places, especially those
whose work in the city allows them but a few
hours each day to spend about the home.

The growing of farm and garden crops, the
care of the horse, the cow, and poultry, and
similar subjects are discussed, and there are
many pictures showing vegetable and flower
gardens, lawns, walks, roads, etc.

Seventy-five illustrations from

photographs, and numerous line

drawings. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
Postpaid, $1.65.

Wild
Flower Families
By CLARENCE M. WEED, D.Sc.

The haunts, characteristics, and family relationships
of the more widely distributed herbaceous wild
flowers, with suggestions for their identification, are
herein carefully covered. This volume should make
the study of wild flowers of real interest, not only to
the teacherand pupil, but to others who desire to
increase or review their acquaintance with the subject.

Eighty illustrations from photo-
graphs. 248 pages. 12mo. Cloth,
$1.50 net. Postpaid, $.60.

) J. B. LippincoTr Co., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give
information about motor boats 18]

One of our ornamental plantings of a public highway.

HE time for having small “ door-yards’’ is past. No one cares to fence in their
grounds to within a few feet, when it is possible to give them a broad and
extended appearance. Why not have our Country homes located in a park? It can
be done no matter how plain or simple a house may be, attractive grounds is what
makes a beautiful Country home.

By beautifying the Highway, you extend your grounds and give the landscape a
Park-like appearance. It is a simple thing to do, when you know where to get the
advice about the planting, and the stock to plant.

We makea specialty of this workand haveall kindsof ORNAMENTAL, FOREST and
EVERGREEN TREES, desirable for the work, as well as a full line of SHRUBBERY,
HEDGE and HERBACEOUS PLANTS, ROSES, PERENNIALS, and BOX PLANTS
for FLOWER=GARDENS, as well as all the best varieties of FRUIT TREES, both
dwarf and standard. BERRY BUSHES, ASPARAGUS and STRAWBERRY PLANTS,
We also have the facilities for moving LARGE TREES, from ten to twelve inches in
diameter, and so obtain immediate effects.

Our Landscape Architect can make a plan of your grounds. Do not wait until it
is time to plant the stock before you make your plans. d

Attend to it at once; it is just the time; and then be ready for early planting.
Send to-day for our Catalogue. Any further information gladly given. Address

THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO.

Tel. 79-2 New Canaan, Conn.

Rosedale Specialties

Irish Are the most popular because they give the best
Roses results. We offer nearly 200 choice varieties—
heavy two year plants mostly—at $3.50 per doz-
en; $25.00 per 100. ‘This stock is grown to or-
der for us by Dickson & Son, of Ireland. We
offer no pot plants—no seconds.

Evergreens [Is another leading Rosedale specialty which has
in attracted large buyers. An order for a carload
Carloads one day, shipped the next, brought this response:
“T have delayed writing until I could give youa
full report as to the carload cf trees. They ar-
rived the day after being shipped. I am greatly
pleased with the quality of the trees you sell and
the careful way in which they were packed.”
Trees and Seeing the superior color of our Colorado Blue
Shrubs Spruce, one customer included 200 of them,

which made his order 10200 evergreen trees.
Hardy Persons who visited several large nurseries last
Flowers summer, said we had the cleanest, thriftiest and

largest collection of any. We are offering most
varieties at $1.50 per dozen; $10.00 per roo.

The Rosedale Catalogue gives sizes and prices of Fruits,
Hedge Plants, Shrubs in tree form, and a superb lot of the best
shrubs and trees in specimen sizes for immediate effect;
Magnolias, Maples, Dogwoods, Poplars, etc.

Landscape Department, 63 Hamilton Place
S. G. Harris, Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, N. Y.

182 Ij you are planning to build the Readers’
hos Service can often give helpful sug gestions

when impelled
by the simple
little engine
shown on this
page. Merely
attach a pipe
to your well,
spring or run-
ning brook, and
you may have a
large or small
reservoir of
water at an al-
titude far above
your house;
that is, one of
these pumps is equivalent to an unfailing gravity supply
the year round, and yet the power is right under your
eye and can be regulated to suit your needs and con-
veniences. ‘This power is practically automatic; it
requires no skilled attendant or engineer; it 1s ab-
solutely independent of any condition of wind or
weather, and once installed, a

HOT-AIR PUMP

LASTS A LIFETIME

Water will run up hill

‘The cut upon this page shows the ‘‘Ericsson’’ Hot-
Air Pump. The “‘Rider’’ is asimilar pump. The
motive power in each is identical; the ‘‘Rider’’
merely being of larger capacity. The world-wide
popularity of these pumps and their adoption into
every clime have naturally resulted in the appearance
on the market of imitation pumps, not only inferior in
construction and lacking in durability, but so named
as to deceive the innocent purchaser. Complaints
received from many, who have been thus imposed
upon, impel us to advise intending buyers to look
carefully at the pump and be sure that the name-plate
of the Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. appears upon your
purchase. When so situated that you cannot make
personal inspection before ordering, write to our
nearest office (see list below) for the name of a rep-
utable dealer in your locality, who will sell you only
the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use through-
out the world to-day.

Write for Catalogue U, and
ask for reduced price-list.

Ruiper-Ericsson Encine Co.

35 Warren Street, New York 234 Craig Street West,
Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street,
Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96,
Havana, Cuba

239 Franklin Street, Boston
40 Dearborn Street, Chicago
40 North 7th St., Philadelphia

1COTTAGE GARDENS CoO,,

RHODODENDRONS|

For wealth of floral beauty none of our evergreen shrubs can equal the

-RHODODENDRON with its masses of bloom of almost every color and
shade. Our Nurseries contain over 100,000 plants, ranging in color from
pure white to bright crimson. All of our varieties have proven perfectly
hardy, every plant being well set with flower buds, insuring to our patrons
an abundance of bloom the first season.

! If you are interested in these plants or hardy JAPANESE AZALEAS,
write us and we will send you FREE a complete list of varieties with general cultural directions.

Our Nurseries of over 100 acres of specimen trees and shrubs are situated within the limits of Greater New York, and can
be easily reached by the Long Island Railroad from 34th Street, Manhattan, or from the Flatbush Avenue Station, Brooklyn

INC, QUEENS, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK

WE HAVE 80 OF THESE BIG SILVER MAPLES

SHADE NOW

20 26 “
20) 20100 WG tOlSine ee

NOT A GENERATION HENCE—

by getting some of these Maples, the cheapest big trees. We offer:

40 20 ft. high, 4% in. diameter, 8 to 12 ft. spread, $10 each packed F. O. B,
‘ ee ce 10 to 12 “ “ce “

12 to 16 “ “ce 2 “ce ce ce

Smaller sizes in larger quantity. New catalogue of general nursery stock free. It describes other large trees.

ISAAC HICKS & SON,

WESTBURY STATION,

Trained to single leader,
with compact heads, they
will not be easily broken
by winds. We dig them
with a fine system of fibrous
roots, resulting 1n vigorous
and dense growth.

THEY’ VE BEEN
18 YEARS GROWING

And trees of the same age
and size are offered by no
other nursery. These Map-
les have broad tops and
will give shade this summer.
They can be safely shipped
any distance. You may
have

“6 3

NURSERYMEN AND SCIENTIFIC
TREE MOVERS

LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

Some Hints to Amateurs by a
Professional Dairyman

M* experience has convinced me that

cows are more profitable in winter
than in summer and for this reason I like to
have cows fresh some time between October
and January. In winter I feed corn silage
twice a day, and clover or alfalfa hay once a
day, with bran, gluten, or some other protein
feed according to the price, allowing the
cows to judge as to the amount they will
digest properly. In this way they will go
on a grass diet in good shape and will do
nearly as well through the summer as cows
that are fresh in the spring, and, in the fall,
when the pastures are dry and the latter
will shrink in their milk, my cows take
their yearly vacation. If you are raising
a calf you will have more time to take care ©
of it during the winter. A six months
heifer will be ready to go on grass and will
stand the sun and flies better than a young
calf; and the skim milk you would feed a
young calf during the summer can be fed
to the pigs and chickens. :

In case you have a surplus of milk and are
in doubt whether to ship it to market or to
convert it into butter it may interest you
to know that I make at least fifty cents
more on a can of milk by keeping it myself,
making butter from the cream and feeding
the skim milk to the pigs, than by sending
it to the city; besides, I am saved the disagree-
able task of hauling the milk to the railroad
station daily.

A man who has good alfalfa hay to feed
with corn silage will not have to buy much
grain, as the protein in the alfalfa balances the
excess of starchy matter in the silage.

A well built permanent silo can be put
up for about $1.50 per ton of capacity.
That makes a cost of $300 for a silo that
will hold 200 tons of feed. This amount
of feed will supply twenty cows with all the
silage they should have, even if they are
large cows and are fed the year round. It
would be impossible to build for $300 a
barn that will hold hay for twenty cows even
for a winter ration, therefore the silage is
the cheapest roughage possible to feed
when we consider the cost of the structure
that contains it.

Without the necessity of providing for
bulky feed one can construct a dairy stable
with the object of getting cleanliness and
light, building it long and low and securing
a flood of light from three sides. This
structure does not have to be as heavy as it
must be if it is to sustain a heavy super-
structure. A silo solves the problem of
how a dairyman can make a living from
fifty to one hundred acres of land.

I plant twelve acres of corn to fill my 120-
ton silo, or ten tons of silage per acre. While
sweet corn and ordinary field corn can be
used to fill a silo, the best satisfaction is
obtained from some of the dent varieties
which will produce considerably more feed
of both fodder and grain per acre.

Get a variety that will fully mature before
frost. In feeding silage, corn stover, and
red clover hay, feed one pound of grain to
every three and one half to four pounds of

APRIL, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 183

Back of the Bank
Book

Is the Tubular Cream Separator

| Pe. dollar of the farmers’ and dairymen’s money in the banks cf this country represents hard labor and wise

economy. It represents head work as well as hand work. But it is a fact that the farmers and dairymen whose
balances in the bank are the biggest are not always the men who work the hardest with their hands—nor even

the ones who farm the most acres or milk the most cows. They are mostly the men who make every move count by
employing the latest appliances and the most economical methods in their work. They
are the men who make mind master over muscle. Much of their wealth is therefore
the result of economy—the saving of what others
waste. This means that they are always figuring
> on how to increase profits without increasing
RS : = aa expenses. The first question with such men,
when considering the purchase of a new

machine is, not how much will it cost, but,
what willitdo? Will it save anything which
now goes to waste? Will it do this
profitably? That’s the test
we ask you to apply to
the “Tubular.”

Saved Price in One Season.

CHERRYVALE, Kan., June 13, Ee 5
T can sell my butter to customers where I never could sell it
before getting the separator. We milk six cows and:it will make

more than enough butter extra to pay for the machine in this one
season. LAURA I. TURNER.

Twice as Much Cream.
Pine Biurrs, Wyo., May 14, 1907.

We get twice as much cream as we did skimming by hand.
Tubulars soon pay for themselves. MRS. G. W. RUSSELL.

Twice as Much Butter. 2
Kaw, Oktanoma, April 24, 1907.

Make about twice as much butter from seven cows, and of a
better quality, than we did without it. MRS. MARELLA.

We ask you to apply this test because it will be to your interest to do so. If the “Tubular” will increase your profits
without increasing your expenses you ought to have it. It will. It will make every cow ycu milk earn more money.
That’s why we want to put a “Tubular” back of your bank book. Thousands of farmers and dairymen testify to the
merits of our machines. They say the “Tubular” pays for itself in a short time. When it has paid for itself all that
it saves is clear profit for there’s no expense—it won’t cost you a dollar a year for repairs. We've built it so that it can’t.

If you are economically inclined; if you want to save money and increase your bank account here’s your chance. Our
valuable book, “Business Dairying” will show you how, and our latest catalog tells all about the “Tubular.” We'll
send them both free if you will write today, ask for book No. 215s.

The Sharples Separator Co.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

Toronto, Canada ‘ San Francisco, Calif, Chicago, Illinois

184

I} you are planning to build the Readers’
Service can ojten give helpful sug gestion

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“Aprit, 1908

There’s twice the pleasure in
the journey, and twice the
pleasure afterward—if you

KODAK

And anybody can make good pic-
tures. It’s simple from start to
finish by the Kodak system. Press
the button—do the rest—or leave
it to another—just as you please.
Kodak means photography with the
bother left out.

Kodaks, $5 to $100

EASTMAN KODAK CO.
Rochester, N. Y.

The Kodak City
Strong, Hardy

Grapevines $i .00

yew A remarkable collection of grape-

\) vines at an exceedingly low price.
Allstrong, hardy growers—best vari-
eties—red, white, black—just what
the town man or the farmer
needs for planting around the
house or in the garden.

Write for our free book, which
tells what vines to plant and
how to cultivate them, the
construction of trellises, and
gives full details as to the
various methods of pruning,
formulas for insecticides, how to
spray, etc. We have the largest stock
and greatest variety of grapevines
and small fruit in the country.

T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY,
Grapevine Specialists, Fredonia, N. Y.

Catalog free
at the dealers
or by mail

10

milk the cow gives; with alfalfa hay in the
ration, cut the amount of grain to one-
half of what is previously advised.

For twenty cows I feed on the average of
six pounds of grain per cow each day,
consisting of bran, ground oats and cotton-
seed meal, and forty pounds of silage.

While it is not practicable for a man keep-
ing but one or two cows to follow the same
methods as the professional dairyman, the
principles involved are the same, and where
a local supply of good milk is available,
it will not pay to keep even one or two cows
unless they pay their board.

New York. VALANCEY E. FULLER.

A Chestnut Tree Disease

FUNGUS disease of the native chestnut
tree has become very serious in the
neighborhood of New York City, also
through New Jerseyand Maryland. During
1907 it received a good deal of attention, but
unfortunately no means of control has as
yet been discovered. The disease works
in the layer beneath the inner bark, and its
presence is first indicated by the actual death
of that portion of the stem. After this the
spore capsule bursts through the bark and
probably the disease spreads to other
branches or trees.

It seems to be very prone to attack young
trees, causing their death in from one to
two years; older trees, having more vitality
and greater surface, at first suffer chiefly
by losing their branches. The direct result
of the fungus attack is to cause girdling of
the trees.

This fungus is not known to enter the
tree except through wounds, but these are,
unfortunately, only too plentiful. No satis-
factory method of treatment is known.
Timely pruning may delay, but can hardly
prevent, the death of the tree.

This fungus is peculiar to the chestnut
and does not, so far as is known, attack any
other kind of tree. It is possible that, like
other diseases of this character, the chestnut
tree disease will prove to be epidemic in its
visitations.

New York. Iki, 1B.
72)

Much damage is often done to vineyards
by climbing cutworms. They stay con-
cealed in the ground by day, climbing up
and injuring the buds at night. They may
be easily destroyed by placing about the base
of each vine a few handfuls of a mash made
of bran, Paris green, and sweetened water.

Be ed
ef ay
~ tf

Pgh

ay Mik

»

WROUGHT IRON
FENCE

And Enirance Gates

WIRE FENCING

Ornamental Iron Work Txee=
Guards, Lawn Furniture Etc

Tennis Court Endosures A Speaal

FEATURE

THE F-E-CARPENTER C&
7 & 9 WARREN ST:NEW YORK:

Oak Park Nurseries

Offer attractions in the way
of large Trees, Deciduous and

Evergreen, for spring planting

Address M. F. TIGER, Prop.

Catalogues Patchogue, L. I., N. Y.
Tel. 5, J.

Buy ‘Kalamazoo Komfort” Now

Enjoy that Iuxurious rest and relaxation which gives renewed
energy and makes the hot, sultry days cool and
delightfal. Be truly comfortable when readin
resting, or ill. The expense is only
nominal. Our Reclining chair, automatic-
ally adjusting itself to every position, will
do all this for you. Write us for free
trial offer and catalogue No. 69, showing
ten models of this chair and sixty other designs of
summer furniture. Ask your dealer for Superior
Quality lawn furniture and make your home com-
fortable, attractive and distinctive. .

KALAMAZOO SLED CO., 515 3rd St., Kalamazoo, Mich.

Each

Piece
Trade-

MA Marked
and
Guaran-.
teed

Missions Plant Boxes

are the best and cheapest plant boxes
in the market for large plants, box-
woods, bay trees, etc. They are
attractive in design, strong and dur-
able. Suitable for either outdoor
or indoor use. Write for prices.

WAGNER PARK CONSERVATORIES, Box 324, Sidney, 0.

GET THE BES®

A Good Spray Pump earns big
profits and lasts for years.

THE ECLIPSE

is a good pump. As _ practical
fruit growers we were using the
common sprayers in our own
orchards— found their defects
and invented THE
ECLIPSE. Its success practi-
cally forced us into manufactur-
ing on a large scale. You take
no chances. We have done all
the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated

Catalogue and Treatise

on Spraying — FREE.

then

MORRILL & MO RLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.

APRIL, 1908

a H E @ A R D E N M iN G A 7, I N E Write to the Readers’ Service for 185

suggestions about greenhouses

The improved kind that bloom all sum-
mer. Large double flowers of purest colors
and lots of them. The most stately and
effective of Hardy Perennials—last for
years. Every color—bright red, pure
white, pink, yellow, maroon, blush, etc. As
an inducement to try them, I will send strong
field grown roots that will flower in a few
weeks from planting as follows:

For one dollar | will mail
12 Lovett’s Superb Double Hollyhocks,

any colors desired, or
15 Double Hollyhocks, mixed colors, or
15 Single Hollyhocks, mixed colors

For $2.50 I will mail
25 Double and 12 Single Hollyhocxs

Hollyhocks By Express, purchaser paying charges:
Double, separate colors, 50 for $4.00
Double, all colors mixed, 50 for 3.00
Single, all colors mixed, 50 for 3.00

All strong field grown roots which will flower quickly

All is explained in my catalog of Hardy Perennial Plants, Shrubs, Vines and Roses.
It is an elegantly printed and richly illustrated book that gives accurate descriptions of over
one thousand varieties and is brimful of valuable information about these charming and
ever interesting plants. Mailed for the asking.

J. T. Lovett, Box A, Little Silver, N. J.

BILTMQRE VINES

The wonderful grace
and beauty of well-placed
vines add untold value
and charm to the home
and garden. Ornamental
grassesand bamboos yield
very effective and artistic
results. Hardy ferns are
of easy culture and offer
a wide range of possibili-
ties. Aquatic and bog plants
are so hardy and easy to grow
that they are deservedly increas-
ing in general favor.

BILTMORE
NURSERY

has a complete and
well-selected stock of
vines, both deciduous
and evergreen; hardy grasses
and bamboos; hardy ferns,
and aquatic and bog plants.
This department of the Bilt-
more Nursery Catalogue con-
tains 18 pages, with over 200
varieties described.

No gardener, home or professional,
can afford to be without the Biltmore
Nursery Catalogue. Fora limited time
a copy can be procured free on request.
Write for it to-day.

BILTMORE NURSERY,

TECOMA RADICANS
(Trumpet Vine)

BILTMORE, N. C.

Box 142,

TEN YEARS AHEAD
OF ALL OTHER

CREAM
SEPARATORS

In skimming efficiency, simplicity, dura-

bility and convenience, the new 1908 improved

De Laval Cream Separators are fully ten years

ahead of any other machine on the market to- day.

Thirty years of experience, protecting patents,

and the many valuable improvements devisedand

perfected by the De Laval engineers in all parts

of the world during the past three years, are responsible for this fact. Every

feature of the De Laval has been improved, from the supply can to the base.

The new centre-balanced bow! with its separate spindle is alone a triumph

in separator construction and must be seen to be fully appreciated. Then,

there is the new one-piece ‘‘anti-splash’’ sanitary supply can, adjustable

shelves for skim milk and cream receptacles, new frame designs, and many

other but less important improvements,—all combining to make the De Laval

as nearly ideal as a separator for farm and dairy use can be made. ‘There

is the proper size machine for every size dairy from the smallest to the

largest, and no cow owner can afford to be without one of these improved

machines. It will cost you nothing to see and examine the new De Laval

and right at your own home too, if you will but say the word. Our new

illustrated catalog describing the De Laval improvements in detail is sent

for the asking, Write us at once and you will receive this interesting book

by first mail with full information as to how you may have a free demon-

stration of the improved De Laval in your own home. It will pay you to
do so and your only regret will be that you didn’t investigate sooner

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.

42 E. Madison Street . z 173-177 William Street
CHICAGO General Offices: MONTREAL

1213 & 1215 Filbert St. 14 & 16 Princess Street
PHILADELPHIA 74 Cortlandt Street, WINNIPEG

Drumm & Sacramento Sts. 107 First Street
SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK. PORTLAND, OREG.

BASSETT’S SUPERB
NEW CACTUS DAHLIA

characteristics very similar to that favorite cut-flower variety. Pearl-
hilde is nearly pure
white, however, and has
many points of superior-
ity. It should be given
a trial by every lover of
Dahlias. My low prices
permit this,

$50 Cents Each
$5.00 a Dozen Prepaid

AT IT 70 YEARS

I have been growing
Dahlias for almost 70
years and believe I am
the oldest living grower
of this now popular
flower. I have grown
and tested thousands of
varieties, and originated
many present-day favor-
ites. I devote several
acres to the culture of
Dahlias.

PEARL-HILD Now first disseminated. A sport from Kriemhilde and in general

Price-List Free

I do not issue an
elaborate and _ costly
catalogue but the results
of my long experience
in Dahlia culture are
summarized in a brief,
business-like price-list,
giving condensed de-
scriptions. I shall be
glad tosend you a copy
free. Get it before you
buy Dahlias.

WM. F. BASSETT
Hammonton, N. J.
See my ad of Althea,

Crested Beauty, in
the March Garden.

If you a lanning to build the Readers’
ies Lie re give helpful suggestions T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E

A Greenhouse
For Comparatively Little Money

Here is certainly an attractive little greenhouse, 25 feet long and 10 feet
wide, made with our Sectional Iron Frame Construction.

You will be surprised to know how comparatively little money the materials
for the superstructure of this house cost.

These materials consist of the cast iron sills to cap the masonry walls, and
to which the rafters are bolted; cast iron gutters, the iron rafters, bracings and
fittings—the wooden capping, roof bars, ridge, ventilating sash, door and orna-
mental entrance hood, ventilating machinery—glass, paint, putty and glazing nails
—all the necessary hardware, bolts, screws, etc. 1

Only one gable is necessary when attaching the house to an existing building
or to any potting room which you may erect. The matter of benches and heat-
ing plant vary so, according to the uses to which you may wish to put the house,
that it is more satisfactory to consider these apart from the rest.

Being the Sectional Iron Frame, its erection involves the least possible trou-
ble and expense, because each part is accurately cut, fitted and given a prime
coat before being shipped. Its erection simply means the assembling of the
parts, bolting or screwing them together and putting the glass in place. Your local
mechanic with the assistance of the plans we furnish, is perfectly competent to do it.

We have just printed a circular that goes pretty thoroughly into all the par-
ticulars of this house, Send for it.

LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY

MAIN SALES OFFICE: 1133 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

BRANCHES:—BOSTON AND PHILADELPHIA

APRIL, 1908

Succession of Crops for a
School Garden

(Pee question of how to raise more than
one crop on any given section of a
school garden is an interesting one. A
rotation of crops that would be suitable
for the farmer would not answer at all in
a garden cultivated chiefly for its educational
value. The matter of climate must also
be considered as well as the possibility of
keeping up the garden during vacation.
Perhaps the experience gained at the Whittier
School garden, at Hampton Institute in
Virginia, may be suggestive.
Here the climate is favorable for the matur-
ing of as many crops as there may be time

Grow only those crops that seem to give an abun-
dant return for the labor

to plant; the garden is cultivated throughout
the five months’ vacation; and care is taken
to select crops that will produce the largest
return during the summer. On this alone
depends the interest of the volunteers who
come week after week to work in the garden.
If they succeed in gathering flowers and
vegetables in sufficient quantities to seem
a fair return for their labor, they will be
interested to continue it.

The following table will show the succes-
sion of crops in the Whittier garden:

Fall Spring Summer
Spinach Radishes Kale Tomatoes
Kale Cabbage Onions Cabbage
Onions Lettuce Tomatoes Turnips
Radishes \ Beans Beets Carrots
Lettuce (in Spinach Flowers

coldframes)

The planting is begun when school opens
in October. Radishes are gathered before
frost; they are planted again in the spring,
and as they mature in from four to six weeks,
the number of crops is only limited by the
space in the garden and the number of weeks
before frost comes again. Snap-beans are
planted every three weeks and furnish un-
failing crops for vacation. Two crops of
lettuce are raised (when coldframes are
used in the fall) and two of cabbage, spinach,
kale, onions, and tomatoes. Cabbage, let-
tuce, tomatoes, and all flowers are started
in flats indoors for spring planting. The
cabbage and lettuce are transplanted first;
then radishes are sown, then turnips and
beets. These are followed by the beans,
the tomatoes, and the flowers. Tomatoes
and cabbages are planted a second time in
May or June before school closes.

Virginia. J. E. Davis.

Arar, 1908 SSOE EG VAURU IDE MN mVIGAG VAL Z@IEN) Bh iseec lary renal for ¢ stun 187

LANT-BLOOD The Patented Fertilizer

FOR PLANTS, FLOWERS, LAWNS AND

S Clovers TRADE-MARK.

Ze We are the lar- REG. U. 8. PATENT OFFICE VEGETABLES

gest growers of Clo- THE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PLANT-BLOOD MARKS THE
vers and Timothy NING CIR INGA Gn LUNE ihiGIN ORE GTEN GEnINGDECENT:
seed in the world.
We make a great
specialty of

MOST DECIDED STEP IN ADVANCE IN FERTILIZING SCIENCE IN RECENT YEARS.

If you could obtain a clean and odorless plant food; free from the obnoxious and germ-breeding features

of animal products; which won’t “burn” your plants as commercial fertilizers are most likely todo; which
<7 requires no mixing ot mess-making solution; which is simple to handle and economical to use; and which
Timothy Medium Red Clover at the same time gives you effective results such as you never got from any other preparation; Isn’t that just

4 i P 3
Mammoth Red Clover what you have been searching for and never obtained hitherto ? eT f
4 Plant-Blood is made by a process by which high-powered fertilizing stimulants are imprisoned in each ofits grains, only to be
Alfalfa Clover Alsike Clover pcleaeee eracialy each time the plant is watered. Plants get only 2s sue oe sguney can use to advantage.
ant-Blood will give an acceleration of growth, an increase of yield and enrich the coloring of leaves and blossoms such as no
Blue and Red Tep Grasses crude mixture can possibly achieve. It is positively the only scientifically prepared plant food.
Salzer’s 20th Century strain of above a Wc 8 SE Ae PLANT-BLOOD HAS SURPRISED THE EXPERTS OF THE U.S.
seed is positively the purest seed on earth.

TESTS THAT CAN BE GIVEN TO A PLANT FOOD.

No more decided aid for the culture of vegetables can be procured. Read what the

] DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE AFTER THE MOST EXACTING
|
| largest market gardener in the vicinity of Washington testifies:

SALZER’S,}

Great Catalo if
Contains a splendid array FG,

of pedigree seeds for the
American Farmer. It’s the
only original seed book pub-
lished—brim full cf bristling f
seed facts It is gladly : | , / , f

| Dear Sirs:—I used a small lot of Plant-Blood on a crop of Lettuce I had in cold frames. I gave ita
| thorough trial and was surprised at the result. The plants on which I used the Plant-Blood were ready for
|
|

the market days before others under same conditions. My foreman insists that | use this on my Tomatoes,
Egg Plants and Peppers outside, I feel sure that this new product will do wonders.
Yours Truly,
(Signed) Harry B. Sweeney.

Put Up as Follows:

¥% Ib. packages, 15c, by mail, 25c; 12 lb, bags, $1.00, by express prepaid $1.25.
Prices for larger lots furnished on application.

For Sale by

Joseph Breck & Sons, Schlegel & Fottler, and Fiske Seed Co., of Boston. Arthur T. Boddington

= ‘ y t Bridgeman’s Seed Warehouse and Stumpp & Walter Co., New York. H. F. Michell Co. and Johnson
quale to you. also. samples ' Mie { 1 Seed Co., Philadelphia. J. Bolgiano & Sons, Baltimore and F, W. Bolgiano & Co., Washington, D. C.
of clovers upon receipt of 10c / pas = saa Saniapeiee Vaughan’s Seed Store and A. L. Randall Co., Chicago, and by large Seed and Floral Supply Houses all
to cover postage. V4, ghe Sweet pea plants omnes tight received an over the country.
F application of “ PILAN LOOD "’ by the fiorist ; 7 r .
Jon A, Salzer Seed Co. MW fi / Sonic aellations agen. he ERS on HISTEL Sole Manufacturers, FERTILIZER PRODUCTS CO

ae esas) (he Was) Osta) Cea General Agents, ELLIS-CHALMERS C0., 100 William St., New York
rom a photo showing the exhibit made at the x eal

recent Florist Convention held in that city. Awarded the only Gold Medal at the Bureau of Inventions, Jamestown Exposition.

UBET (KIL

MICE

Have A Greenhouse

If only a lean-to against a garden wall.
You can grow grapes, flowers, or vege-
tables, which ever you like.

Exterminates field mice, house mice, and other rodents
in houses, greenhouses, hotbeds, barns and stables. Package

(containing enough Ubet Ikill to kill 1,000 mice) 60 cents, car-

rage paid.

STUMPP & WALTER CO., Distributing Agents
50 Larclay Street, New York City

Now is the time to build. Send for our
greenhouse booklet.

HITCHINGS & COMPANY
1170 Broadway New York

MADE BY

J.D. AUG. HARTZ

COLLEGE: POINT. QUEENS BOROUGH NEW YORK

The Montrose Nurseries Are Offering
A complete line of choice Ornamental Stock at very reasonable
prices considering the quality.
Large trees and shrubs for immediate effect. Qa ee Santa ieamaneesnamamaaneme

rr ae | MCONS TREES GROW

Illustrated Catalog free for the asking. f

THE MONTROSE NURSERIES
' Montrose Westchester Co., N. Y.

You'll be interested in them if you have a new lawn to plant or an old one to improve. Even if you only AA
want some Evergreens or Shrubbery about your house and porch foundations; a shrub or perennial border to
which you can go for flowers; a screen to hide some objectionable object ; a hedge to surround your property; 7
or shade trees and Evergreens for the lawn: —in fact no matter what the nature of the planting, you ought
to send for our new catalog. Moons trees have helped to make many such beautifiil plantings as this one.
“MOONS HARDY TREES AND PLANTS FOR EVERY PLACE AND PURPOSE

It is a volume filled with information about our Evergreens, Shade Trees, Flowering Shrubs,

Vines, Ruses, Perennials and other hardy nursery products.

a Make field Terrace 4
POT Sota st. LHD; VATE HE, Mimons Qowmawye yonrisviuue. ra. 7

3 Groff’s Hybrids, Silver
Gladiolus Trophy and named
sorts. Fine assortment. Lowest prices,
Send 25c. for 25 assorted flowering size
bulbs, and catalog. Mention this magazine.

Geo. S. WooprurF, Independence, Iowa |

“) STRAWBERRIES (|.

If you want Strawberry Plant«
the best, strongest, most vigor-
ous and most prolific that can be
grown in a good, favored
&trawberry climate, I am sell-
ing that kind at reasonable
prices. Millions of them packed
to carry anywhere. Also other
small fruit plants and special
seeds. My Free Oatalogue tells
about them and gives the price.
If interested, write for it today.
Address

W. F. ALLEN j
39 Market St. Salisbury, Md.

WEA.

The Readers’ Service will give
188 information about motor boats

TH EK, “GAR DN viv GAN

APRIL 1908

TOMATO
SUPPORTS

Made of
Galvanized
Wire, Will
not Rust or
Harbor
Insects.

QPGQNNhyy
SAA MQW
SSS WYOoy
GDh
NY

SOQ
SSS

Ss

Just How Good

your crop will be depends on how
well you care for the growing vines
as they become top heavy by the
weight of their fruit and foliage.

A properly supported vine is ¢ap-
able of bearing more and better to-
matoes; the vine thus relieved throws
all of its growing strength into the
tomatoes themselves.

We manufacture supports for all
kinds of growing plants.

\
SQV

Write for illustratedZpamphlet,
“Wor the Greenhouse and Garden.”

PARKER-BRUEN MFG, CO.
St. James Building 2 |9NEW YORK

A Mess at all seasons

of Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

as. ?’ |ambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

ae
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., St. Paul, Minn.

We furnish patent
$2.50 galvanized ftache
‘\ B ment with which
Op you can make a
; slide andswing gate

that does not bind,
sag or have to be car-
2 ried. Can be oper-
ro —— ated as easily as a
ling ad door. Nostrain on
post. Does away entirely with extra walk gate. Endorsed by
hundreds of farmers on railroads.
30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL
Special prices and freight paid on large lots.
We also make a full line of complete gates in GALVANIZED steel
or wood, and a superior woven wire fence of very moderate cost,
Write today for catalogue and full information.

WESTON GATE COMPANY
47 Hall Avenue North Dover, Ohio

MAKE YOUR
OWN GATE FOR

“AVAV/VAVAVAVAVAVAI/NZNZ9 AN

rN
au

Miscellaneous Cut Flowers
Grown for Profit

NY kind of flower that has a stiff stem,
a pleasing color, and preferably a
sweet perfume can be disposed of profitably.
It very seldom pays, however, to grow a
general assortment; specialize with a few
things and have them different from and bet -
ter than what is usually grown. A flower hay-
ing merit and particularly well grown will
always have a ready sale.

In the fall and early winter chrysanthe-
mums are undoubtedly in the greatest
demand. ‘They cannot be grown in a house
with roses or carnations, but may be success-
fully handled in a house that is devoted
during the winter to sweet peas, vegetables
or bedding plants. The varieties to grow
are almost endless, but I recommend the
following: For early, Polly Rose (white),
Glory of the Pacific (pink), Monrovia (yel-
low) and Mons. Bergman Geroud (crimson);
midseason, Beatrice May and Mrs. Robert-
son (white), A J. Balfour, Dr. Enguehardt
and Wm. Duckham (pink), Cheltoni and
Col. D. Appleton (yellow): late varieties,

Timothy Eaton and Jeannie Nonin (white),
Yellow Eaton, Golden Wedding and Yellow
Chadwick (yellow), Mrs. Chadwick and
Mrs. Jerome B. Jones (light pink).

Geraniums are comparatively little used
as cut flowers, but the plants can be profitably
sold in early summer for bedding plants and
for window boxes. ‘The most popular varie-
ties are: Scarlet, S. A. Nutt; red, General
Grant and E. H. Trego; white, La Favorite;
salmon, Beauté Poitevine; pink, Jean
Viaud.

Gladioli sell fairly well as cut flowers,
but their season of bloom is short, and it
takes a good deal of money to buy bulbs
with which to start.

Dahlias when well grown find a ready
sale. ‘The small pompon, the decorative and
the cactus types, are best for this purpose,
but the single varieties are also becoming very
popular.

Choose clear, distinct colors and varieties
that have long, stiff stems. Try a number
of kinds, keep the ones with which you are
most successful and grow them extensively
next year.

Tuberoses are too stiff for general use,
and the perfume is stronger than the public
desires. Asters are in good demand. The
Queen of the Market, Peony Perfection,
Truffaut’s, Victoria, and Semple’s Branching
types are best. Again, grow only the clear
colors; the mauves and magentas are not
popular. Stock is good, as are also pansies,
but there will undoubtedly be more profit
in raising pansy plants for spring sale, the
stems of the blossoms being too short for
cut flowers.

Many people derive a good income from
growing nothing but sweet peas. If you
can get sufficiently long stems, the flowers
will sell.

Mignonette can be grown profitably, as
can the annual larkspurs; violets are always
in demand, and candytuft will have a good
sale.

New York.

James T. Scorr.

| RS 2 RE ee ok So a ONO diene I

The Nursery Exchange
155 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS.

We are expert and reliable Nursery-
men and Landscape Gardeners with
20 years Experience.
E will fill any orders West, South, East or
North, for TREES, SHRUBS, EVER-
GREENS, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, or any
other Nursery Stock, including any Novelties
of whatever description, at a saving of from 20
to 35 per cent. from ordinary rates. We act as
experts in the selection of Stock, for our clients,
filling all orders at lowest prices known, giving
careful attention and guaranteeing satisfactory
and prompt delivery.
On all questions of Landscape planting, we
send expert men to advise at low cost. Plans

and estimates for construction, etc., made with
saving to clients.

OUR CATALOGS AND SPECIAL COR-
RESPONDENCE WILL INTEREST YOU

MONTREAL M. MELON

The largest and best flavored Musk
Melonin existence. Grows to weigh as
much as 20 pounds, and fetches $3.00
to 5.00 each. GENUINE SEED
per package postpaid soc. if

Do not confuse this variety with the
American variety.

DUPUY & FERGUSON
MONTREAL CANADA

a good shipper.
licious. Limited stock.

Vey

Cattle Manure

= Shredded or
im Bags Pulverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write
J for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

2 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

The Hardiest and Bests RHODODENDRON known is

CATAWBIENSE

The True- Carolina Mt. Species, grown only at HigHLANDS
Nursery (3,800 feet elevation) in Mitchell County, N. C.
Small Lots or Car Lots.

The most unique and beautiful plant catalog published ( ex-

clusively Native Plants) to those interested.

HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner.

KILL PLANT BUGS and DOG FLEAS

with Lemon Oil Insecticide, adding 30 parts water. No odor, no
poison—advantages over Fish oil or Tobacco products. Used
everywhere. If not sold by your seedsmen, write WEATHERBY
BROS., Baltimore, Md., for full information.

Salem, Mass.

: The largest
{ thrifty plants in N
sland. All the new and stand-

I have been selling plants
oH true to name for forty years. §
“ My catalogue is unique, not
~ ike others. Send for it.

7

: ye Are you going t is] 2
Apri, 1908 ETIGE NG ACE) EN] MONG AZ VINEE tyesere tie Readers oeruice or bets. = 189

THE WORLD’S FINEST
NURSERY PRODUCTS

Shade and No home fs complete without these two necessities. We
Fruit Tree carry a large variety. Ask for prices.

Walnuts,

English and = We have a fine fot of trees of these popular Nuts. Ask
Spanish for prices.

Japanese
Maples

ied Meee Garden has a positiofi f
have many thousands from which

r
Bay Trees having been adnii

parts of the countrf,

No order so small but that it will receive our best
attention. No order too large for our capacity.

Pines

Amoor River Privet

f This is the one grand hedge. Practically an
. evergreen. Perfectly hardy, glossy green leaves.
Our stock of this plant is very large.

Old Fashioned Flowers
Hardy border plants or old fashioned flowers.
The kind mother used to love. They are best
for the garden. Best for cut flowers. Don’t

plant flowers every year but plant something
hardy.

Handsome catalogue free. Send for it to-day
AURORA NURSERIES Aurora, Ill.

Berberis gssés AliAther plants of its class for hedges. Its thor-
Thunbergii

wal# and its brilliant Autwmnal foliage and beautiful red
berries make a charming display during the winter
months. We have upwards of 150,000; ask for prices.

Consult our Landscape Department if you intend to
beautify your grounds.

The McAdoo Tube Trains in Hoboken connect with the White Line
Electric Cars which pass our Nursery.

Visit Nursery. Ask for catalogue 25.
NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

sg ific Vi ae ae
CARFFS ction Ctters
SMALL FRUITS

icking fresh, luscious berries, fruits zu grapes
from one’s own plants is one of the joys of subur-
ban and country life sighed forby the city-dweller.
I have 8.0 acres here at New Carlisle devoted to
fruits, vineyards, vegetables. The field below is a
ar reat sight when hanging fullofripened blackberries.
ladly would I pilot you thro’ the rows where you
could help yourself to your heart’s content. But I
can’t bring you here, so I’ll send you part of this big field and you
can enjoy it at yourhome. See free ofter under illustration below.

4

Z
Z Scarff’s Great Introductory Specials
Z $5 FRUIT GARDEN.—By express, purchaser paying charges,I will
Z

LILIES the FLOWERS of
the GODS

should grace every garden. Their stately
beauty, fragrance and lasting bloom
should secure them attention from all
lovers of flowers. To introduce these
magnificent flowers into every garden spot
we offer for April our unequalled

Hardy LILY Collection

Every bulb we send out is strong and
sound and will FLOWER the Ist season.
1. Lil. Auratum THE GOLDEN QUEEN

Lily (see picture).

2. Lil. Roseum Large flower, recurved petals,
pure white with rosy red spots and stripes.
Deliciously fragrant.

3. Lil. Album Of the purest glistening white
like driven snow.

4. Lil. Tenuifolium Exquisite crimson scarlet

eb flowers in great profusion.

5. Lil. Superbum The grandest TIGER LILY in existence. Bearing 12 to 20
flowers to the stalk, orange with dark spots.

6. Lil. Elegans atropurpureum Deep velvety maroon. Large flower.

7. Lil. Coridion. A bright lemon yellow, dainty flower with purple spots.

8. The GRAND Lil. Washingtonianum. Exquisite rosy blush.

The EIGHT Hardy Lilies for ONE DOLLAR sent you carriage paid. Four of them
your choice for only SIXTY cents. ONS MORE generous offer could be made.

Our 30th Annual Spring Catalogue tells you all about the cultivation of Lilies, all about
rare seeds, bulbs and plants. Send forit. It is FREE!

H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York City

send 150 Strawberry, 6 Gooseberry, 20 Currant, 137 Raspberry and 87
Blackberry plants, and 12 Grape Vines. Free with this, three Rambler
Roses—crimson, white, yellow.

$1 VEGETABLE GARDEN.—35 packets—one each, Asparagus, Beets,
Carrot, Coffee-berry, Peas, Celery, Watermelon, Onion, Parsnip, Sage,
Spinach, Pop-corn, Pumpkin; 2each Cabbage, Cucumber, Lettuce, Mush-
melon, Radish, Squash, Turnip, Beans; 3 each Sweet Corn, Tomato. All
sent postpaid.

$1 STRAWBERRY PATGH.—100 plants—25 each of 4 best varieties,
postpaid. Ifordered before May Ist, a Baby Rambler Rose free.

‘send you, all ¢ rges prepa

> and add wifi
fistel Blackbery panes fom this field. % will guarantee them ae be_ equal to any
Isell. They are well-rooted hardy, wie oroUs, growers, prolific, and of excellent

eating quality. I will send my new, han some catalog for 1908. from this you can
select your small. fruit plants grape vines, vegetable seeds for spring planting,

and be sure of a “‘square deal” every time. Address,

W. N. SCARFF, Small Fruit — Specialist, New Carlisle, Ohio. ay

VY

190 1) you wish to purchase jeve stock.) or ris | (YAR NN Te Ae UAW ZATION)

APRIL, 1908

VIEW OF LIVING ROOM

The HOMES OF THE FUTURE

will be of concrete. If you are planning to build, you should
become familiar with the many applications of cement and con-
crete, both decorative and utilitarian.

CEMENT AGE is the best known, best printed, best illustrated and best
edited magazine devoted to the uses of cement.

EXTERIOR OF $4,500 CONCRETE BUNGALOW

During the coming months, each issue of CEMENT AGE will contain articles of especial
interest to the home builder. In March, the first authoritative articles on the Edison house, and on
stucco work; in April, aspecial number on decorative possibilities in concrete, with three color fron-
tispiece and many illustrations; and in May, a special homebuilding number, including designs for
concrete houses of moderate cost, accompanied by illustrations and cost data.

Read CEMENT AGE—the leading magazine

in the field of cement and concrete.

The June, 1907, House Building Number will be sent on receipt of 25c, or free with one
year’s subscription if this advertisement is mentioned.

Subscription rate $1.50 per year, Canadian and foreign $2.00.

CEMENT AGE

Brunswick Building New York

After Planning Your Garden

the next thing to consider is the purchasing of
seed. You need not hesitate in placing your order
for BRUNJES SEEDS as they are without doubt

the best procurable.
Our catalogue is free and better than ever.
you have not received one send to-day.

M. H. BRUNJES & SON
1581 Myrtle Avenue

Samples of Good Seed Corn
And Seed Enough to Raise
$6.00 Worth of Fine Radishes F REE
Interested in seed corn? If so I'll mail you free samples of
my reliable guaranteed seed corn—and I'll throw in enough
of a new kind of Radish Seed to raise $6.00 worth of early
radishes.

I make this offer because I want to get acquainted with you,
and let you see some really good seed corn—real seed, not pig

feed.
EAR OR SHELLED

I sell seed corn, ear or shelled, or any other old way. It’s all tried, tested,
and proven. It goes to you on approval. If you don’t like it we trade back.

That’s fair.
: sv esse for my corn book. It’s free and I throw in the samples
rite To-day and the radish seed. If any more you want, just say so.

HENRY FIELD SEED CO., BOX 101, SHENANDOAH, IOWA

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Potatoes in New Jersey

1 THIS section of the country, where
potatoes are produced principally for
market, the American Giant is the most
extensively grown, seeming to be especially
well adapted to local conditions. It produces
about one-third more than the round or
Carman varieties, fields of from forty to
sixty acres averaging 100 barrels to the acre.
The best seed comes from Maine and ranges
in price from seventy cents to one dollar a
bushel, which is about ten or fifteen cents
more a bushel than the average seed costs.
As soon as the ground can be worked
(which is about the last of March or the
first of April) plow the ground from eight
to ten inches deep and thoroughly harrow
and reharrow until the soil is finely pulver-

ized. Make the rows two feet nine inches ~

apart and open them with a furrowing sled
to a depth of four or six inches. A high-
grade fertilizer is applied at the rate of 1,000
pounds to the acre, but if the soil is very
poor, 1,500 pounds may be used.

Cut the seed to single eyes and prepare

it a week or ten days before planting time. —

Spread it evenly on the barn floor about six
inches deep, and the germinating power will
be greatly increased if the sun shines upon
it. Dropping seed, fertilizing, and covering
we do at one operation, the seed being placed
from ten to thirteen inches apart in the row.
Twelve bushels of seed are required for the
to-inch planting, nine bushels for the 13-inch.

Commence to cultivate as soon as the
planting is finished. Use for this a two-horse
cultivator which has a wide whiffletree, and
run it down the middle of the rows so that
the horses can walk each side of the row
in which the cultivator runs. As the ground
becomes somewhat packed from the wheels
of the planter, weight the cultivator with
fifty to seventy pounds in order to loosen the
soil as deeply as it is plowed. In about
ten days or two weeks, use a slanting toothed
harrow to kill the weeds and to level the
rows; from that time onward cultivate but
once a week.

Potato bugs are killed by dusting the vines
with Paris green, using for the purpose a
powder gun that will cover two rows at once.
If the potatoes are to be planted on the same
land for several years, sow a crop of crimson
clover or wheat after the potatoes are dug
in September. This can be plowed under
the following April and will serve as a
fertilizer. We usually do our digging in
the afternoon.

Monmouth Co., N. J. M.A. Horanan.

| | a nUnen nme

1908 THE

Don’t Dig Weeds

Kill them with THISTLEINE. Spray the walks,
driveways and gutters with THISTLEINE. ONE
SPRAYING WILL KEEP THEM FREE
FROM WEEDS AND GRASS THE ENTIRE
SEASON. Kills Dandelions, Burdock and Canada Thistles.
5-POUND CAN OF THISTLEINE will make
sufficient solution TO SPRAY 4,000 SQUARE FEET.

Price $2.00. If your dealer doesn’t keep it, send money direct to
LINDGREN CHEMICAL CO,, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Used for four years by city of Grand Rapids and officially endorsed.

The Best are Invariably

the Cheapest

This rule applies particularly to seeds. Ours are
backed up by A Reputation of Over 100
Years Standing.

“HIGHEST GRADE ALFALFA AND ALL OTHER IMPORTED
AND NATURAL GRASSES.”

Send for our catalogue now. It is by far the most valuable and
most artistic of any seed catalogue published in America.

WE MAIL IT FREE

J.M. Thorburn & Co.

33 Barclay St., thro’ fo 38 Park Place NEW YORK

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will put you
in touch with reliable nurserymen

191

If you own a home you have felt the need of just such a cart as
It takes the place of the back-breaking wheelbarrow that spoils

this.
the lawn.
day in the year.
of service.

_Removable Rack of hard wood strips, natural finish. 38 x 53 x8 in.
Side wheels 30 in. with } in. steel wire spokes and 3 in. steel rims.

Front wheels 18 in. with 3-16 in. steel wire spokes and 13 in. steel rims.
Capacity 500 to 800 pounds.

The Boxes of these carts are built of clear dry bass wood with hard wood sills and
extra hard wood strips running full length to support bottom boards and front wheel brack-
ets. They are also reinforced with steel frame, hard wood corner posts and } in. cold
drawn steel tie rods.

The Gears are after our own pattern and made of the best of steel.

The Wheels have electrically welded rims and steel wire spokes.
braces are used, thereby giving additional strength to running gear.

The Foot is patented and of special design. It is unique in that it provides a reliable
rest while cart is being loaded, and serves as a brake on steep grades or in slippery weather.

The Finish is dark green box with red gears and orange striping. The rack and
handles are made of hard wood with natural finish.

Price, complete with 3 or 4 wheels, $30.00

net cash with order. Crated-and delivered F..O B. Cars-any city in the U.S., east
of the Mississippi.

SWARTWOUT & MOTT

Box 27 x 42 x 10 in.

Extra front wheel

UTICA, N.

SUB IRRIG ATION BEST FOR FLOWERS
iF MOST CONVENIENT

The Illinois Self-Watering Flotwer Box makes plants thrive,
by furnishing water in the natural way as needed, not too much nor too

little. The reservoir in the box is filled once in two weeks, thereby doing
away with the inconvenience of watering plants every day.

These boxes are made in various styles and sizes for porches, windows and
hanging baskets. Special shapes and sizes to order. They are light and
durable and proof against leakage (being made from best quality galvan-
ized iron).

Write at once for beautiful new book telling about these scientific and

wonderful flower boxes. This book is free—it tells all about sub-irrigation.
Send for it today.

Illinois Heater & Mfg. Co.
3949 Wentworth Ave.

Chicago, Ill.

It will save the cost soon, because it has a use for every
These details show how it is built for a lifetime

b

i M t rnish ?
192 Weed ES EE Aaa ae H 0; G A JR D E N M A G A Z I N E APRIL poe i) 08

Sweet Cory Corn by July ist
E \ / E R ( : R E E N S AST year, as an experiment, I tried
planting Early Cory corn on April r5th

d ting th ly sista ok

Good Quality— Large Quantity— Low Prices Bee ee TE 1

seed was thoroughly soaked in water and
We believe we have the largest quantity of evergreens that

planted in five strawberry baskets which

has been grown by any nursery in the eastern states. were then put into a coldframe. The soil
There are ready for you 200,000 white spruce, 2 yr.; in these baskets got a thorough drenching
20,000 white pine, 2 yr.; and 25,000 of the 2, 3 and 4 ft.

with water, and to keep it from drying out
sizes that are economical to plant and ship.

during the middle of the day the baskets
You can grow a 1% ft. 15 cent pine to 4 ft. $1.00 size in

were covered with shingles. Later, when
15 months with no care. Why wait or go without? They the tiny shoots of corn appeared, the top of
are grown from seed that fits this climate.

FOR IMMEDIATE RESULTS

We have large quantities of evergreens 12 to 25 ft. high that
can be successfully shipped by rail. Send for descriptive cata-
logue. It gives new information on what evergreens will do
for you to make cheerful winter home surroundings, screen
adjacent buildings, or cover sterile hills with profitable forests,
and tells how to select evergreens to fit your climate and soil.

Catalogue Free on Application. Now is the Time to Plant.

ISAAC HICKS & SON,

WESTBURY STATION Tere ly. IN Ge

|
i :
| | {Before You
| Build

Send for This Book CSN Co arenes coat the coldframe was kept shaded; and as the
When you build—that is the time to™ ' BR ae ; plants grew and the weather became warmer,
put in running water. It makes the property \ i ' I lifted the frames off during the day,
worth more—means comfort for everybody—do wt? replacing them at night.
EA aac Spe PIS AE SO Ne oe MEE ER ag The little corn plants were transplanted
: early in May, the baskets being broken away
so as not to disturb the roots. The experi-
ment was an entire success and I am quite
sure that had the weather been warmer,

THERE’S MONEY I the crop would have matured even earlier.

Eas FARMING | ° Jour A Powen
Let us design the system to fit the house and :

your needs. Our engineering department is ;
maintained for this purpose. Bare Ge Seeding Clover and Grass Seed
Our specially designed, air-tight steel tank and pump- Every reader of Tue Garpen Macazine who

ing apparatus, placed anywhere, with ordinary air pres- is Snitereste@ int farmin SF i i i
) ; g or gardening, in the HE best seeder for clover and grass is
sure, will supply plenty of running water everywhere, growing of fruit or of flowers, is invited to gr

with force; also fire protection. pees :
_Eor country houses, Public buildings, towns. Satisfac- } send Pos BT ee CODY ols oe Bo pase Cuaeeue b he steel F oem Be eder we
. tion guaranteed. i Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture, sows fourteen feet at a swath in any wind,
{| Ask for FREE Book—‘““How I Solved the Landscape Gardeningiand Bloneultute pies over stumps and stalks and sows evenly
>» S we offer under f. ks t assé = . :
Water SapplyRroblen: 5 (SenisOpe . setts Agricultural College and Prof. Craig of full width. It costs five to eight dollars.
| LEADER IRON WORKS SI nSt ee San RRRe ee Sow plenty of good seed on a good seed
Factory and Main Offices Western Branch PON c :
| Atay ydsper Street Dept.E , 120 W. 11th Street Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass. bed and cover lightly with a harrow, weeder,
DECATUR, ILLINOIS KANSAS CITY, MO. = or brush. Sowing oats with the grass seeder
on the drill is a good way as the seed goes

direct into fresh ground. Sowing on the hard

Pn, CR packed wheat field has resulted in many

GA RDEN he le failures to get a stand. Sowing early is
be bs g advisable even while the ground is too wet

to work, or sow the first spell that a harrow

Early Cory Corn started in heat on April 15th was
ready to eat by July lst

Italian Aes : Terra-cotta Garden ai may be run over the wheat. Some use a
Z x Vases, Statuary, ‘e disc harrow for this, setting the discs to
POUIEES, cut lightly, and report a good stand without

Flower Pots, etc. mets d |

Large variety. injury to the wheat. Do not try to sow |

Beautiful designs. grass with clover at the same time by mixing |

|

Send for Catalogue. . the seed in the seeder box. Sow them
. separately by going with one across the
course of the other. Use clover with tim-

sun piaL WILLIAM GALLOWAY, WALSSTST- 3224 Walnut Street, Philadelphia SUN DIAL othy or orchard grass.
Kentucky. EK. W..J.

100 Court

VICK’S GARDEN AND FLORAL GUIDE
. hich tells about Vick Quality Seeds, Plants and

362 Main St. East

roduct for which Long Island, New York, is Famous is the
wberry Rhubarb. It is the earjiest and best Rhubarb grown; is
mely popular in Eastern markets. Stems pink streaked witha
strawberry red; of fine flavor.
mts; per dozen, $1.00.
srsisready. Send postal today and get full explanation.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

193

They are fully described in

Bulbs. Mailed free on request.

James Vick’s Sons
Rochester, N. Y.

Rhubarb

Large, field-grown roots, each
1908 Catalog with $45 FR EE Prize

BINGHAMTON SEED CoO.,
St. Binghamton, N. Y.

MANLOVE
Automatic Gate

Saves time, adds to value,
safety, beauty and pleasure of
home.

MANLOVE GATE CO.
e272 E. Huron St., Chicago, Ill

Ue

<

Freight Paid, Per

: Free from disease; all fumigated be-
fore shipping—Apple, Peach, Plum,
Pear, Cherry, Carolina Poplar.
* Order here. Catalog free.

Reliance Nursery Co., Box 837, Geneva, N. Y.

iA

| out.

| The only hammock made that combines Quality, Dura-
| bility and Beauty with comfort. Can be used indoors or

Hammock That's Right

Those Teeth
Prevent slipping by grip-

ping the branches and
eliminate half the labor

shears

Grass Shears 5

Five and one-half
inches, plain
edge, solid steel, sive stroke.
properly tem-

pered, fully

Neverslip
Pruners

No. 100. Cali-
fornia pat-
tern, hand
forged, tool
steel blades,
lock nut, vo-
lute spring,
9 inches,

Price, 75c.

The feature of these
is the serrated
edge running along the en-
tire length of one blade.
slight change saves half of the
fatiguing effort that is required to
operate ordinary hedge shears. It does
\ away with the necessity of stopping for
adjustment, as in the notched shears, be-
cause they will cut without slipping at any part of
the blade. No more waste of time or energy over
the grind stone. The teeth are sloped toward the point
so that the cutting blade is sharpened by each succes-
When you have finished cutting put them
away, and when you again use them they will be found as
sharp as if freshly ground. These shears are made in Sheffield,
England, for the Benton Company. The blades are fully polished
and equipped with nut, bolt and spring washers.

The Neverslip Garden Tools

shown in the small illustrations have the same non-slipping and self-sharpening features
as the Neverslip hedge shears and are of the same high standard of workmanship.

sale at leading dealers, or order by mail at published prices.
$2.00 or more to all points east of the Mississippi.

Printed matter giving testimonials from prominent horticulturists, and
detailed information sent on request

George E. Benton Company,

Three Sizes

8 inch blades, $2.00
9 2.50
1@ * 2 3.00

«6 “ce

This

Het

Neverslip
Branch Shears
Made in Sheffield,

solid steel, hand

Roveadh) Bil

. q
inches jong,

The handles are

polished, large, 12 inches long, making the complete shear well balanced, light 3 inch ane
Price, and easy to work. Price,
40c. $4.00

On
Express prepaid for orders of

99 Reade Street, New York

Neverslip
Pruners

No. 108. Califor-
nia pattern vo-
lute spring, lock
nut, regulating
ratchet, tool steel
blades, lower
handle with loop
grip, 9 inches,
Price, $1.25 :

AMERICAN

Combining

For further particulars write

QUEEN HAMMOCK CO.
173 Lake St., MUSKEGON, MICH.
Formerly Kalamazoo, Mich.

FRED’K W. KELSEY, NEW YORK
Famco NORSE RIES, ob RI INGRIBLDS Noy.
BLOODGOOD NURSERIES, FLUSHING, L. I.
NEW JERSEY & LONG ISLAND NURSERIES
Hundreds of acres of the best grown TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS,

ROSES and HARDY PLANTS: AZALEAS, RHODODENDRONS, TRAINED
-~SPECIMENS, BOXWOOD, FRUITS, VINES, ETC., at reasonable prices

Everything for Country Estates, Parks and Gardens

Beautiful 1908 catalogue now ready.
Complete estimates furnished.

SALES DEPARTMENT, 150 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

NURSERY COMPANY

Chix

Consultation and inspection invited.

194

If a problem grows in your garden, write
to the keaders’ Service for assistance

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

APRIL, 1908

How “HighStandard” /*~

Paint Saves Painter’s Time

OU can’t figure that zizs-much White Lead,
and ~¢hat-much Linseed-Oil, make a gallon
Of daznt. You’ve got to figure-in the Paint-
er’s 2zme—the mixing—

And a good Painter’s time is worth from 40c to 70c

Or more an hour.
_Now, the Painter mixes by-rule-of-thumb, by
judgment, by guess—he thins and he.thickens until he
ee it’s right—but he never getstwo batches guzte
alike—

And he mixes by kanxd—that’s necessarily slow—
and Painters’ zzme you know, soon counts-up in cost—

And hand-mixing can’t be thorough—Can’t thor-
oughly combine the pzgment and oz/—

There'll be drops of ozZ and particles of sigment
that haven’t wzted.

The result is a mixture that won’t work right
under the brush—runs heavy here and light there—
It takes the Painter longer to put-on that kind
of paint—More Painter’s ¢zme for you to pay for—

High-priced Painter’s-time that you can save by
using

Zt’s apaint that’s all-ready-for-the-brush—It’s ground
by_special paint-grinding machinery.

Ground and reground—first the dry pigments—
then in oz/—then in move oil—

Until al the paint-pigment is thoroughly com-
bined with the oil—Until every minute drop of the
liquid holds in solution its share of daznt-pigment
—And ¢hat’s the best paint.

That kind of paint—‘High Standard” Paint—works
right —“runs” Smooth-and-even —‘‘spreads’” better—
covers more surface—takes less Painter’s time to
putit on—And you get a better painting-job.

And “High Standard” Paint Jasts from five to six

years or more—That’s two to four years longer.

than any cheap paint will last.

There’s a “High Standard”’ Paint, Enamel and
Varnish for every purpose—On every can there’s a
“Little Blue Flag”—your protection.

Write for our free Booklet—‘“Attractive Homes,
and How to Make Them.”’

The Lowe Brothers Company
Paintmakers—Varnishmakers
450-456 E., Third St., Dayton, Ohio
New York Chicago Kansas City

Send now for our illustrated catalogue
replete with choicest strains of vege-
table and flower seeds. It also con-
tains many engravings and full descrip-
tions and directions for planting seeds.

Mailed Free
SHERMAN & EBERLE

Box 320, ALBANY, N. Y.

The English Walnut in Iowa

|B euee the above caption on page 44

of the February number of THE
GARDEN MacazinrE, Prof. A. T. Erwin
answers an Jowa correspondent and advises
against planting the English walnut in
that state, on the ground that the tree will
not thrive. Mr. Erwin is quite right in
making the general statement, and the
planting of English walnuts would lead to
much disappointment unless particular care
were exercised in selecting stock from some
northern locality.

The best American types of the English
walnut that I have seen grow in the triangle
from Philadelphia to Buffalo, to Boston
and to the seaboard. ‘There are many hun-
dreds of these trees in and about New York
City, some of them very aged, and I know
of only three that show signs of suffering
from the weather. A very large tree on the
Tieman estate at One Hundred and Twenty-
ninth Street, probably a century old, has
now lost most of its limbs. Two trees
close to the sea at Sound Beach, about
forty years of age, are not thrifty. Perhaps
a very old tree on the Morris-Jumel grounds,
in the upper part of New York City, would
be classed as unthrifty, but it is growing
in thin scil on top of a rock and is exposed
to every wind that blows. Its limbs are all
intact, but it is dying at the butt. This
does not appear to be a weather injury.

These four trees are the only ones that are
not doing well among nearly a thousand
that I have examined about New York.
It is probable that selected types will do
quite as well in Iowa. Some of the English
walnuts in this vicinity are better than any ob-
tainable in the market, althougn thereare few
grafted trees, most of them being seedlings.

Before looking into the matter I would
have said the same of New York English
walnuts that Mr. Erwin says concerning
Iowa trees. But after looking at a bearing
orchard of five hundred trees of thrifty
growth, I decided to put in about that same
number for an orchard of my own, although
my orchards will consist chiefly of shag-bark
hickories, with a few hundred chestnuts,
hazels, and other nut trees for experimental

cultivation.
New York.

This Month’s Cover

A REAL old-fashioned garden, a garden
of Colonial times, is pictured in colors
on the cover of this number. The old house
is known as the Ferry House at Croton, N.
Y., and is full of Revolutionary memories.
The borders are planted with really old-
fashioned flowers, every individual of which
has some charming association. No plant
is set down there without a purpose. Itisa
“friendship garden,” for every specimen has
been gathered from some other old garden
and transferred into its present home as a
living memory. The old-fashioned roses,
such as are seen bordering the walk, are
sadly neglected in many modern gardens,
but for profusion of bloom, for fragrance,
just as much as for their hallowed associa-
tions, we cannot afford to do without them. |

Rospert T. Morris.

The Best Fertilizer for the Garden and Lawn

Blatchford’s Plant Grower
and Land Renovator

Composed only of the best qualities of Rose
Growers Bone Meal, Pure Nitrate of Soda,
The Best Peruvian Guano, Pure Sulphate of
Ammonia, Pure Sulphate of Potash and the
Best Gypsum. Chemically combined in the
proper proportions for the best results. Solu-
ble, and feeds all parts ot the Plant. Reno-
vates worn out and poor soils.

The result of 25 years of experimenting on
Gardens and Lawns. Send for folder that
tells why and how. Free.

BLATCHFORD’S AGRICULTURAL WORKS,
Madison and Sand Sts., Waukegan, III.

Established at Leicester, England in 1800.

WHAT Plant Your Garden by the

PETER Adams Method. It Pays
Write for free copy of Adams’ Little
SAYS Green Book of Choice Seeds and Bulbs
IT EXPLAINS

Ji pines Wellesley, Mass.

Californi

e
Privet Vines, Garden Tools, ete. Spray
- Pumps and Spraying Mixtures.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

An ideal hedge for
lawn purposes. A
quick grower. No

thorns. Write for
free catalog of Trees, Plants,

; RED DRAGON DANDELION
KILLER---SAMPLE FREE

A powder that is sure death to da*delion, plantain,
and other weed pests in lawns. Does not injure or
affect the grass in any way. Dust it on Jightly when dew is on
and the weeds will curl up anddie. No kill, no pay. We are
willing to ““show”’ you. Large package for ordinary lawn
sent postpaid for 50 cents.

Henry Field Seed Co.

Box 101, Shenandoah, Iowa

PAGE FENCE LASTS LONGEST

Page Fence is woven from heavy galvanized high-carbon spring
wire; it’s made for rough weather and rough treatment. Lasts
a lifetime. Write for catalog.

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 8821, Adrian, Mich.

THIS INTERESTING
CATALOG |

is useful as well as prac-
tical. It contains nothing
buttruthful facts about Seeds,
the most important factor to
the grower.

Plant Western Seeds.

They are selected with the

utmost care to suit the re-
quirements of the particular
planter. Fresh, Clean and
Jull of life. Put life into your
fields and get satisfactory
yields.
Good Seeds Produce
Good Crops, and what is
more important to the indi-
vidual, as well as the country,
than good crops? Good crops
means Satisfied customers.
We want you to be one of
ours, and want you to get the
benefits of our liberal Pre-
miiim Offers of valuable new
Varieties of vegetables which
we distribute gratis.

«IG pe
ITY on W202. Que
EPPING Stones tn oir SUCH

It is free!

Send for this beautiful catalog to-day.
Become acquainted with

THE BARTELDES SEED CO.

BOX 19, LAWRENCE, KANS.

\errt,

1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DELIVERED

i=” FREE at

Anywhere in the United States

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LAWNS
Sap TN AMERICA

Are Made With The

“Henderson” Lawn Grass Seed

IN 4 TO 6 WEEKS’ TIME
It produces a perfect and permanent sward of luxuriant
richness;

It is equally valuable for quickly Renovating Imperfect,
Old and Worn-Out Lawns

THE “HENDERSON”

LAWN GRASS SEED

IS USED AND PRAISED FROM MAINE TO CALIFORNIA.

MERE is nothing more charming than a well-designed house

surrounded by artistically treated grounds; and of the essen-

tial features of home grounds none is so important as a

beautiful lawn —the rich, smooth, velvety turf being the heart
and life of all.

A lawn may be formed by laying turf or by sowing seed. The
gain in time bv sodding is so slight as to scarcely be worthy of
consideration, while the results obtained by both methods are not to
be compared. Sods separate in dry weather, leaving crevices about
which the grass dies out; then the grasses that compose a pasture
or roadside sod (generally the kind used for ‘‘sodding’”’ lawns) are
not at all the best sorts for forming a perfect lawn, and will not
give a smooth, elegant surface.

Regarding Kentucky Blue Grass, so widely advertised as an
ideal lawn grass, it has merits and demerits. Where Blue Grass
thrives it eventually makes a good lawn, but itis slow to thicken
up, requiring not less than two years to form a good sward, and
does not hold its color in hot weather; it will not thrive on acid
soils, and a large portion of soils in the lower altitudes, especially
in the Coast States, are inclined to acidity. Kentucky Blue Grass
is quite extensively used for lawns on the Pacific Coast and on the
limestone soils of Kentucky, etc., but the results of this or any
one grass in no way compare with the beauty and fine velvety
texture of lawns made with an intelligently blended mixture of
grasses of neat, close, interweaving growth, such as compose the
“ Henderson’’ Lawn Grass mixture; and besides, the latter will
make a thick close turf in a few weeks’ time.

The ‘‘ Henderson’’ Lawn Grass Seed produces a perfect and en-
during lawn of luxuriant richness, with closely interwoven, firm,
deep and elastic turf, and it is often ready for cutting in four
weeks from time of sowing. This celebrated Lawn Grass is com-
posed of a thoroughly balanced combination of various native and
toreign fine-leaved, deep-rooting grasses of interweaving habit,
that flourish under our varied conditions, soils and climates, grow-
ing during different seasons of the vear, so that a deep green,
smooth, and velvety sward, free from clumps, is maintained from
snow to snow, year after year, and without burning brown in sum-
mer, its constant luxuriance rivaling the famous lawns of Old
England.

The Beautiful Lawns at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo,
also at the World’s Fair in Chicago, the Lewis and Clark Exposi-
tionin Portland, Oregon, and the Jamestown Exposition, Norfolk,
Va., were produced in less than six weeks’ time with THE ‘‘ HEN-
DERSON’”’ Lawn Grass SEED, which was awarded the highest
medal at these Expositions; but what we prize more than gold
medals are the hundreds of letters of praise we have on file from
the users of Tur “‘ HENDERSON”’ LAwN GRASS SEED in almost
every State in the Union.

The ‘‘ Henderson ’”’ Lawn Grass Seed is, relatively speaking, the
cheapest seed offered, because, while other lawn grass mixtures
on the market will not average over 14 lbs. to the bushel, this, be-
ing freed from chaff, weighs 20 lbs. per measured bushel. It is
also the Purest, CLEANEST, and Hravigest lawn grass seed ever
offered and it is absolutely free from weed seeds.

195

Full Directions for Making new Lawns and Renovating old ones enclosed in every Bag and Package

Our Catalogue “Everything for the Lawn’”’ including our Brochure ‘‘Lawn Formation and Care,’’ will be mailed free to those mentioning The Garden Magazine

DELIVERED FREE IN THE U. S. oxy
(By Mail, Express or Freight, at our option)

in large and small quantities, for
either the pretentious lawn or
the modest door- yard plot.

I5c. per pint, 25c. per quart,
85c. for 4 qts., $1.50 per peck,
$5.00 per bushel of 20 Ibs.

The quantity required for new lawns
is 5 busheis per acre.

For a plot 15x20, or 300 square feet,
use 1 quart.

For renovating old lawns, use one-fourth
to one-half of above quantities.

2 Bushels: :

WBiishel.

PETER HENDERSON & CO.

35 AND 37°
9 CORTLANDT ST.,

NEE aN ae ae
196 ERE ai Mpenter ee eg De ED) GUI IDIDIN IVER GAY TUN TD: APRIL, 19

MEDIUM SIZED EVERGREENS

Our new catalog describes all medium sized hardy Evergreens. Our stock was never better, and we can offer all

varieties in sizes from 1 to 12 feet in first quality plants. These trees have all been transplanted and are good, |
stocky trees, suitable to plant out where they are to grow for permanent effect. We specialize on this class of
stock and our prices will interest you.

SHRUBS

We offer all shrubs cheap. Don’t

order before you look over our prices. |
Our stock is complete, consisting of all
hardy foliage and flowering shrubs. Es-
pecially in small and medium sized plants
for lawn, bed and mass planting do we
offer fine thrifty plants at exceedingly

low rates.

EVERGREENS FOR GROUP PLANTING

The above group of plants represent a dwarf Mugho Pine anda Blue
Spruce on each side with White Pines and Spruces forming the back-
ground. Wecan ship you stock the same as the above, good, healthy,
hardy trees, dug with ball and burlapped, medium sized plants at
reasonable rates.

The new catalog gives description and prices upon all hardy Ever-
greens in all sizes for all purposes. Seedlings, Evergreen and Forest
Trees in large quantities. We also enclose a price list of seeds.

DUNDEE NURSERIES

D. HILLL, Evergreen Specialist Box 95 Dundee, Ill.

LOOK AT THE ROOTS

The above picture gives something of an

idea as to the root system developed upon

our medium sized transplanted Ever-

greens. Trees with roots like those live

and grow. There is some satisfaction in

buying your Evergreens from a specialist.

HE Advantages of
DWARF FRUIT TREES

Do you know that dwarf fruit trees bear bigger, better fruit, bear several years earlier, and
produce more return for a given space than standard trees? This is all true and there are even more

DWARF APPLES important points. nite PM
The low broad heads are within reach, so that apples or pears can be easily picked. The pests

coe arco that are expected to destroy the majority of home fruit gardens within a few years (asserted by leading
ae ia a ca < writers) are easily controlled on dwarf trees. You can plant your garden full of dwarf trees and still
a y see aes grow strawberries and most vegetables. “The dense shade of standard trees prevents the use of the
= 2 cae ground for other purposes.

Par ae Standard trees require ten years to come into full bearing; with dwarfs some varieties will bear
King Red Astrachan : :

aoe the first year, all will produce a considerable crop the second year,
reening

and bear fully the fourth.

DWARF PEARS , : 9
You can have forty trees, with a variety, in a space

Duch Sheld Cl 5
cine Ga 20 feet square, save several years, get better fruit,
Bare peace and each tree should bear a bushel a year

PRICES We offer the best stock ever produced in this country.
4 Trees, carefully packed, $ 3.00 Our apples are grafted on Paradise stock, and the pears on
g « « « 5.50 quince stock. They will succeed in many places where standard
12 « é « 8.00 trees would fail. In a word, they are the kind of dwarf trees that
20 «“ «42,99 ~=will put their strength into fruit instead of wood.

To secure best selection and full season’s growth, order at

Larger quantities subject once.

to special arrangement THE CON EAL CO.
Price includes packing. Any Sheepshead Bay - Long Island, N. \e

varieties of pears or apples in

Note—With every order we will send an illustrated monograph on Dwarf Fruit

list may be selected Trees, written by anexpert and giving complete instructions for planting, care, etc.

Burpee’s “Seeds that Grow”

are the Best Seeds that can be grown!

You can proye the truth of this famous “motto” by _=
the investment of “only a quarter” !

Do so now! If you are not more than pleased with the
results, write us next summer and we shall promptly return
to you a brand new “Silver Quarter.” We will not
knowingly have a single dissatisfied customer.

9 e

Burpee’s Gem Collection

we will mail one full-size pack-
For 25 Cts. et each of the following Eight
Beautiful FLOWERS,—the rapid growing and most
gracefully at tractive new climbing vine, FucHSIA-FLow-
ERED Ipomoea, the dwarf growing “White Carpet”
Littite Gem SWEET ALyssuM,—the special mixture for
1908 of BuRPEE’s FORPHOOK FAVORITE ASTERS,—the gor-
geously brilliant “MAGNIFICENT” CrLosta,—the perfectly
double and most lovely new ““STRIPED PERFECTION” DWARF
FRENCH MARIGOLD,—the niost attractive annual hedge plant
“Burning Bush,” KOoCHIA TRICOPHYLLA,—Burpee’s FoRD-
HOOK LARGEST-FLOWERING PHLOX DrRuMMonpDiIIof all col-
ors, and the unequaled New Burpee’s Blend for 1908 of
“TRULY GIANT-FLOWERED” Pansies of which specimen \"
flower is shown illustrated natural size from a photograph. Pur-
chased separately these eight packets would cost 80 cts.
but all are mailed for only 25 cts.

EP MON Six Superb Nasturtiums \
For 25 Cts. will mail one full-size packet ©@

zz
each of the following Six Su- : 5s ; y % 2 -
perb NASTURTIUMS,—the most charming new %\ > ‘ S :
VARIEGATED QUEEN, tall nasturtiums as shown painted a : . aaa
from nature on page 107 of our New Catalog for 1908 —the ‘
new blend of BuRPEE’s BRILLIANT BEAUTIES, the most gorgeous e
and varied strain of Tom Thumb Nasturtiums;—Burpee’s un- ’yr re
equalled new GIANT-FLOWERED TALL, flowers of unusual size, and wonderful Nee
variety, —all colors of BURPEE’s Ivy-LEAVeED, of the charming new type of flower Re SR a,

Bu rpee s&
and leat,—the profuse flowering Dwarr Lirievt, and the special blend of Burpee’s CRAZY

9 *
‘Novelty ’’ Collection
Qurct Buss for 1908 of all dwarf varieties. Our new leaflet on How to Grow Nasturtiums, revised for 1908,

Sweet Peas is sent with each order and allsix packets mailed for only 25 cts.

mae _|Five of the Finest New Vegetables
anos Cts. ural one rege S

For 25 Cts. ¢ will mail one full-
of the following: Two New Gigantic “Orchid-flowered”’

size packet (price r5 cts.)

Y of the unequaled and most luscious ForpHOoK

Sweet Peas, the delicate pink Parapise and deep car- AIS NeTeN, the beautiful form and rich sal-
“lives © Herpert,—the richest dark navy- mon flesh of which are shown faithfully painted
ee Ose Georg - : ae SU Ea ntane from nature opposite page 26 of our new cata-
ue, “‘ BurPEE’s BRILLIANT JE, g log,—the best summer butterhead long standing
est “‘fadeless-scarlet” QurEN ALExanpra,—all four ae SeRsONS | Rertuce, the largest and finest
7 - flavored of all extremely early red tomatoes

of which are shown, printed from nature, on cover of C e ! mel) i ;
HALK’S EARL WEL,— 2 st, darkes

our New Catalog for 1908. The elegant new fluted ARLY JEWEL,—the earliest, darkest

white Nora Unwin (next best to Burpee’s White
Spencer),—the gorgeous fiery-orange Everyn Byatt,
the beautiful new primrose Mrs. Cottier, and a mix-

“Biack-RED BALL” BEET, and a small packet
4 ol the entirely new unique ForpHooK BusH

ture of The Gigantic Ruffled “Orchid-flowered” SEEv-

LInGs oF CouNnTEss SPENCER.

Liva BEAN which sold last year at twelve
beans for 25 cts. Without the fifteen seeds of
the wonderful new Bush Lima the other four
(full-size) packets purchased _ separately
alone would cost 45 cts., but all five will now
(- Of these ‘‘Elegant Eight,’’ four retail at 75 cts.
per pkt. and the other four at zo cts. per kt. JF You
thus get Eight of the Finest Novelties, really worth one
dollar, for only 25 cts.,and our New Leaflet on the
CULTURE OF SWEET PEAS, revised for 1908.

be mailed for only 25 cts. fa
Send 25 Cts. foranylot asad-
‘¢Bountiful’’ Collection
we will mail one full-size
For 25 Cts. packet (70 to 100 seeds

vertised above
each) of the following Ten Sweet Peas. Each

|

2

A Single Flower of the New il
BURPEE’S WHITE SPENCER
Exactly Natural Size
Per pht. 25 cts.; 5 pk.s. for $1.00 ]

tint

i

—name THE GARDEN MaGazINE,—and jf
= we will give you entirely FREE a packet |

Shapes 3 ; (worth 15 cts.) of either Burpee’s Mid-
BURPEE’S NEW ‘‘ FORDHOOK ’’ MUSK MELON xight—the darkest of all Sweet Peas, or
Burpee’s New Monstrous ‘*Spinach-
Mustard,”—both of which are our own exclusive noyelties for introduction in 1909.

y tw s as advertised,— : EN MaGazp ve Wi
Send 50 cts. for any two lots as advertised, —name THE GARDEN MaGazine and we will

give you Free, both the above or eilher of the above advance novelties

is the best of its color in the popular grandiflora
type,—of large size and fine form: Burprr’s Aurora,
the best striped,—Burper’s Dainty, most lovely
picotee-edged,—Countess Capocan, clear light
blue,—Davin R. Wituiamson, indigo-blue,—Doro-
tuy Ecxrorp, the popular white,—Frora Norton,
best lavender,—Janet Scort, “ The Best Pink,’—
Kine Epwarp VII, most popular scarlet,—OTHELLOo,
deep maroon, and a large ten-cent packet of the un-
equaled Special New Blend,—Burrer’s Best Mixep

for 1909 and a packet of the Special New Mixture of Burpee’s Variegated Queen Tall Nasturtiums.

For $ 1 00 we will mail any FIVE assortments as advertised and—provided you name THE

< GarRDEN MAGAZINE.—give you entirely FREE the three advance novelties
named above and also 1 pkt. (price 25 cts.) of BURPEE’s WHITE SPENCER,—the grandest of all New
Sweet Peas.

Y and wiite simply “Mail all the seeds advertised in
Send One Dollar Tue GarpeN Macazine.”’ You will then receive
promptly, postpaid, all the seed named on this page with the 25 ct. packet of Burpee’s White

Spencer and the three advance novelties for 1909. This makes twenty superb Sweet Peas,
seven grand Nasturtiums, eight beautiful Annual Flowers and six superb New Vegetables.

““FORDHOOK ”’ BUSH LIMA

Thus you receive in all forty=one packets of the best “Seeds that Grow” for only one
dollar! This is the greatest offer ever made by us, or by any other first-class seed
growers and should induce thousands of new customers to try Burpee’s Seeds for 1908.

FOR 1908.

: Name Tue Garpen Macazine
Special—it your order, and we will give
you entirely free a packet (worth 15 cts.) of the
darkest of all Sweet Peas,—nearly black, Burpre’s
Mipnicut, which will not be introduced until 1909.

Ss d $1 00 for five collections,
en ° assorted as desired, name
Tse Garpen Macazine, and as a special premium we

will give you also 1 pkt. (value 25 cts.) of BurpEr’s
Waite Spencer, the grandest of all new Sweet Peas!

9 Ne
Burpee’s Farm Annual for 1908
‘<The Leading American Seed Catalog ’”’
An elegant New Book of 172 Pages, upon which we have spent months of labor and thousands ci
dollars to Te/l the Plain Truth by pen and pencil. Besides hundreds of illustrations from photographs it s!:ows sixteen superb
Novelties painted from nature. It is the best seed catalog we fave yet issued.
Shall we send you a copy? If you appreciate Quality in Seeds, you will say Yes.

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, PHILADELPHIA

The Finishing Touch is the.

Attractiveness of your Home
is the Decoration of the Walls

You can make an old house as bright, cheerful and
attractive as it was when new, by decorating your
walls artistically with Alabastine.

When the house is new, and the woodwork fresh
and clean, you can keep it absolutely sanitary by deco-
rating with Alabastine.

The dainty Alabastine tints make the most pleasing
background for pictures, furnishings and furniture, and
enable you to have the entire house finished in one com-
plete color scheme so that one room blends into the
next. All of the rooms will be brighter, more cheerful,
more artistic. The cost will be less, and your satisfac-
tion greater. Any one can easily apply Alabastine by
simply following directions on the package.

becomes a part of the wall itself. One tint can be applied over another as
often as desired without the bother or expense necessary where old wall-
paper or kalsomine has to be first washed or scraped from the walls. This
cuts the cost of decorating in half. Alabastine decorations will last longer,
for Alabastine neither fades, rubs off or scales.

Many of the beautiful color effects that can be produced with Alabas-
tine are shown in detail in the book ‘‘ Dainty Wall Decorations,” which
contains complete color plans for any home. This book will be sent you
postpaid for 10c in coin or U. 8. stamps. It is worth far more to anyone
intending to decorate. Tint cards mailed free on request.

Ask your dealer for Alabastine
and insist upon having Alabastine

Alabastine is sold in carefully sealed and properly
labeled packages at 50c for white and 55c for tints,
by all Paint, Drug, Hardware and General Stores.
See that the name “‘Alabastine’”’ is on each package
before it is opened, either by yourself or the painter.
If your dealer does not sell Alabastine, write us.

The Alabastine Co., 924 Grandville Av., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Eastern Office, Dept, Y, 105 Water St., New York City.

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORE

15 Cents

Walnuts

1908 a | ew
Vol. VII. go ae Bes ay $1:00 a Year

q

arene

=

SS,

%

eee eee

SCR

COUNTRY LIFE

@) THE WoRLp’s
IN AMERICA

BOUBLEDAY, Fq\GRCa@IOym WORK

13-137 EAST 16TH STIX NEW YORK

Evergreen
Amoor
River
Privet

“F

Hardy
Hedge
Plant

Evergreen Amoor River Privet (Ligustrum Ibota Amurense) 1s the ideal plant for natural fences. It is dense, broad and bushy in habit, upright growing,
produces pretty flower-clusters, and is evergreen in all except the coldest climates and highest altitudes. For more than 30 years it has been cultivated
extensively, and has shown its ability to withstand extremes of both heat and cold. It grows rapidly, either in sun or shade, and can be clipped back

to a compact, glossy, solid surface, or sheared into fantastic shapes, arches,
GET THE TRUE AMOOR RIVER PRIVET WHEN YOU BUY!

Many other varieties are sent out under this name, but give indifferent satisfaction. We have now a quarter million well-branched specimens of the

true variety which we guarantee in every way. “The hedge shown in the above illustration has positively withstood a temperature of 20 degrees below

zero. We have shipped Amoor River Privet as far north as Iowa, and duplicate orders from our patrons show that it has given entire satisfaction.

Our stock is very superior, and has been grown by us under ideal conditions.
PLANT HEDGES NOW AND LET NATURE BUILD YOUR FENCES!

illars, balls, ete.

Evergreen Amoor River Privet does decidedly better when set out in the spring than from fall planting. With good care, it will make a six- to nine-
foot hedge the third year. Set plants from eight to ten inches apart in the row, cut back to six inches when setting, in order to make them start a

compact growth from the ground.

Our special price on true Evergreen Amoor River Privet, for May only, is $4 per hundred or $18 per
thousand—transportation charges prepaid on all orders of $10 or more.

Our new book ‘“Peter’s Plants”’ fully describes the best materials for hedges of all sorts and contains a fund of information about plants with which to create anew the old-time hardy
gardens. A copy will be cheerfully sent, free of all charge, on application.

PETER’S NURSERY CO., Box 357, KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE

USE CLIMAX
LAWN SAND

A weed destroyer, also a grass fertilizer.

Caught by the fuzzy, coarse weeds, it

absorbs their sap, completely destroy-

ing them. It settles among the tiny

rootlets of the grass, nourishing them
and enriching the soil.

It promotes a luxurtant growth

of fine grass, making a thick velvety

lawn without weeds.

CLIMAX LAWN SAND isa
chemical preparation, more efh-
cient as a weed destroyer than hand
labor, and as it is a fertilizer as
well, it is very economical.

‘CLIMAX LAWN SAND WILL’ SAV
YOU ALL E

Where you use Climax Lawn Sand
you need no other manure.

Quantity Required Prices
3% \bs. will dress 50sq. ft. TinCan ... $ .60
7 “ Y ce 250 te oe . ‘ aR 1.00
“ Be 1 0G
500 Aoi LG
1000 7 Wooden Keg 3.00

“a ‘ rae
“ ‘ oc
2000 5.00

“ec 4000 “a 6 se “e 8.00

Purchasers paying transit

W. W. Rawson & Company
SEEDSMEN

Sole Distributors in United States 5 Union Street, Boston, Mass.

Vegetables Like These are Possible for You!

Superior vegetables, hardy plants, luxuriant flowers can be raised by
YOU if proper fertilizing methods are employed. Science has shown
mantres to be inefficient. The use of commercial fertilizers is attended
with more or less danger of burning the plants.

Plant-Blood, the Complete Fertilizer, is made by a patented process by
which clean and odorless, high powered fertilizing elements are imprisoned
in soil-improving granules only to be released automatically and in regulated
quantities each time the plant is watered. The plants, therefore, absorb as
much food as they can digest to advantage,

If you have a garden, the following letter from the largest market gar-
dener in the vicinity of Washington is of interest to you.

Dear Sirs:—I used a small Jot of Plant-Blood ona crop of Lettuce I had in cold frames. I
gave ita thorough trial and was surprised at the result. The plants on which I used the Plant-
Blood were ready for the market ten days before others under same conditions. My foreman insists
that I use this on my Tomatoes, Egg Plantsand Peppers outside. I feel sure that this new product
will do wonders. Yours Truly, (Signed) Harry B. Sweeney.

A 32 Ib. bag of Plant-Blood will pay for itself many times over in your
garden. We would like to send you one by express prepaid for $1.25 (East
of the Mississippi) or it may be procured at any of the following distributors.

_ Joseph Breck & Sons, Schlegel & Fottler, and Fiske Seed Co., of Boston. Arthur T. Bod-
dington, Bridgeman’s Seed Warehouse and Stumpp & Walter Co., New York. H.F. Michell
Co. and Johnson Seed Co., Philadelphia. J. Bolgiano & Sons, Baltimore, and F. W. Bolgiano

Co., Washington, D. C. Vaughan’s Seed Store, A. L. Randall Co., Winterson’s Seed Store,
Chicago, and by large Seed and Floral Supply Houses all over the country

Write for further information and prices on larger lots.
Sole Manufacturers, FERTILIZER PRODUCTS CO.

LANT-BLOOD 100 William Street, New York

renee Awarded the only Gold Medal at the Bureau of Inventions,
CO Samestown Exposition.

The Best

General Agents, ELLIS-CHALMERS CO. |

a

ae oo

May, 1908 THE GARDEN

The Cost of a Roof |

The cost of a good roof is merely the cost ot
the roofing and the labor of laying it. The
cost of a poor roof is all that and more. Poor
roofs mean frequent repairs; on houses—

ruined walls, carpets and furniture; on barns
—spoiled stores; on poultry houses—lost
chickens; on factories—damaged machinery
and products. REX Flintkote Roofing is sold
at a price but little higher than the poor imi-
tations, and much lower than tin, shingles,
slate or gravel. It costs little to lay

REX

ROOFING

because any man can lay it alone, and every-
thing needed for laying comes in the roll.
REX Flintkote Roofing gives full, /asting pro-
tection. It not only protects against rain and
snow, but against dampness, heat and cold.
Being a fire-resistant it prevents communica-
tion of fire through flying sparks and firebrands

Write for Book and Samples—Free

The book will tell you
all about REX Flintkote
Roofing and give photo-
graphs of buildings on
which it is used, with let-
ters of recommendation
from users. Thesamples
will show you what REX
Flintkote Roofing really
is and enable you to test
its properties and prove
our claims.

J. A.& W. BIRD & CO.
29 India St., Boston, Mass.
Agents everywhere Rees a Neei Us ric Om:

SEeCcriPon, EANTRY
Keep Food Sweet and Wholesome ,

In this all metal ventilated larder, away from flies, roaches,

| Bedents and resulting dzsease germs. Perfectly ventilated. Rust
proof. f ;

Made of galvanized sheet steel, enameled with aluminum

bronze, handsomely decorated. Fitted with rust-proof screens, no

cracks or corners for dust and dirt. Easilycleaned. No odors.

A substitute or an auxiliary for the refrigerator. Saves ice bills.

If dealer or depaytment store will not

SPECIAL ine 2 supply, order directfromfactory. Made
in five sizes. Size O 24x16x24 inches

for $8 00. Freight prepaid to Miss. and §

Ohio rivers. Money refunded if not
satisfactory. Specify hanging or stand-
ing Larder.

Reference: Commercial National Bank
of Syracuse, N.Y,

Write for free Booklet of Nursery
Rhymes
STANDARD GAUGE MFG. CO.
| Filter Dept. 10 Syracuse, N. Y.

The Readers’ Service will put you
M A G A Z I N E in touch with reliable nurserymen 199

COPYRICHT
DUPONT

CARUSO

You think you can tell the difference between
hearing grand-opera artists sing and hearing their

beautiful voices on the Victor. But can you P

In the opera-house corridor scene in “The Pit” ‘at Ye Liberty
Theatre, Oakland, Cal., the famous quartet from Rigoletto was sung by
Caruso, Abbot, Homer and Scotti on the Victor, and the delighted
audience thought they were listening to the singers themselves.

At Rectcr’s, the noted Chicago restaurant, when some of the grand-
Opera stars sang, with piano accompaniment, the diners listened with
rapt attention and craned their necks to get a glimpse of the singers.
But it was a Victor.

_ Inthe rotunda of Wanamaker’s famous Philadelphia store, the great
pipe organ accompanied Melba on the Victor, and the people rushed from
all directions to see the singer.

Even in the Victor laboratory, employes often imagine they are
listening to a singer making a record while they really hear the Victor.

Why not hear the Victor for yourself? Any Victor dealer will gladly
play any Victor Records you want to hear.

There is a Victor for every purse—$10 to $100.

Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., u.s. «

To get best r $, use only Victor Needles on ctor

The z8th day of the monthis the Simultaneous Opening Day on which all dealers throughout America

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors.

So nkeus. canon.

HIS MASTERS VOIGE,

have the new monthly Victor records on sale.

write us and we will send you FREE a complete list of varieties with general cultural directions.

i i i ithi imits of Greater New York, and can be
Our Nurseries of over 100 acres of specimen trees and shrubs are situated within the limits o cis
mea ae by the Long Island Railroad from 34th Street, Manhattan, or from the Flatbush Avenue Station, Brooklyn

COTTAGE GARDENS CoO, INC. QUEENS, LONG ISLAND, NEW Y

| RHODODENDRONS

For wealth of floral beauty none of our evergreen shrubs can equal the
RHODODENDRON with its masses of bloom of almost every color and
shade. Our Nurseries contain over 100,000 plants, ranging in color from |
pure white to bright crimson. All of our varieties have proven perfectly
hardy, every plant being well set with flower buds, insuring to our patrons |

an abundance of bloom the first season. '
If you are interested in these plants or hardy JAPANESE AZALEAS, :

|
H
k
8

ORK]
i

ERIN

200 The Readers’ Service will put you

AC ISUIB) Gea 1G 1D) IR, IN)

in touch with reliable nurserymen

IMIS GAZA NG

$200.00
In Six Months from 20 Hens

To the average poultryman that would seem impossible, and when we tell you
that we have actually done a $500.00 poultry business with 20 hens on a corner in
the city garden 30 feet wide by 4o feet long, we are simply stating facts.

It would not be possible to get such returns by any of the systems of poultry
keeping recommended and practised by the American people, still it is an easy mat-

THE PHILO SYSTEM IS UNLIKE ALL

OTHER WAYS OF KEEPING POULTRY

and in many respects is just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work that
have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of results that are hard
to believe without seeing. However, the facts remain the same, we can prove to you
every word of the above statement.

Two Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks

are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the broiler without any loss, and the broil-
ers are of the best quality, bringing here three cents per pound above the highest market
price. ;

The New System Covers All Chicken Feed at 15 Centsa Bushel VAULEY FALLS, NY. Sept.s, r907

It was my privilege to spend a week
Branches of the Work Nec= Our book tells how to make the best green food in Elmira during August, during which
essary for Success

with but little trouble and have a good supply any time I saw the practical working of
from selecting the breeders to market- impossible to get a large egg yield without green and was surprised at the results ac-

day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as the Philo System of Poultry Keeping,
ing the product. It tells how to get

eggs that will hatch, how to hatch
nearly every egg and how to raise
nearly all the chicks hatched. It gives
complete plans in detail how to make
everything necessary to run the busi-
ness and at less than half the cost re-
quired to handle the poultry business
in any other manner. There is nothing
complicated about the work, and any
man or woman that can handle a saw
and a hammer can do the work.

Our Six Months Old Pullets
Are Laying at the Rate of
24 Eggs Each Per Month

in a space of two square feet for each
bird. No green cut bone of any de-
scription is fed, and the food used is
imexpensive as compared with food
others are using.

Our new book, the PHILO SYS-
TEM OF PROGRESSIVE POUL-
TRY KEEPING, gives full particu-
lars regarding these wonderful discov-
eries, with simpie, easy to understand
directions that are right to the point,
and 15 pages of illustrations showing
all branches of the work from start to
finish,

Don’t Let the Chickens Die
in the Shell

One of our secrets of success is to
save all the chickens that are fully de-
veloped at hatching time, whether they
can crack the shell or not. It is a sim-
ple trick, and believed to be the secret
of the ancient Egyptians and Chinese,
which enable them to sell the chicks
at 10 cents a dozen.

Our New Brooder Saves 2
Cents on Each Chicken

No lamp required. No danger of
chilling, overheating or burning up the
chickens, as with brooders using lamps
or any kind of fire. Theyalso keepall
lice off the chicks automatically, or
kill any that may be on when placed
in the brooder. Our book gives full
plans and the right to make and use
them. One can easily be made in an
hour, at a cost of 25 to 50 cents.

food as to keep a cow without hay or fodder.

Three-pound White Orpington roasters, ro weeks
old, raised by the Philo System. Note the large,
well-developed feet and legs and the width of the
pullet showing the front view.

complished in a small corner of a city
yard. “‘Seeing is believing,’’ they say,
and if I had not seen it would have
been hard to believe that such results
could have followed so small anoutlay
of space, time and money.

(REV.) W. W. COX.

BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
Your system of poultry keeping
should appeal to all poultrymen. ‘he
advantages of your system are many,
and the quality of the large flock of
poultry you have raised on your city lot
is the best evidence of its success.
GEO. L. HARDING.

WINDSOR, Vt., March 8, 1908

I consider the one doliar I invested

in the Philo System, Poultry Review

and American Poultry Advocate the

best investment for the money I ever
made. ROBERT L. PATRICK.

JACOBS CREEK, Pa., Nov.25,1907

I received the Philo System Book
mailed tomy homeaddress, Beechtree,
Pa. Iam highly pleased with it, and
anxious to spread the good newsas far
as I can. I ama preacher of the Gos-
pel engaged by the Baptist Ass’n to
do Evangelistic work. I am very much
interested in the hen, and will do all
I can to help the other fellow to know
HOW, and to spread the good tidings
received in the Philo System.

(REV.) F. B. WILLIAMS.,

SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER fypeaar

we are able to give for only $1.00 the book with the right

to use all plans.

One year’s subscription to Poultry Review—a monthly paper

for utility breeders;

One year’s subscription to the American Poultry Advocate.
Upon receipt of $1.00 you will get the book by return mail and

your subscription will start at

once.

This offer is to old subscribers as well as new, and gives them
a chance of extending their subscription for one year.
Copy of the Philo System book and a year’s subscription to

Poultry Review and the American Poultry Advocate, all

for $1.00.

American Poultry Advocate “3#°s" Syracuse, N.Y.’

FEEDING SWEET PEAS

A. P. H., New Jersey.— The best fertilizer for sweet
peas is well decayed barnyard manure which must be
dug or plowed into the ground during the fall preceding
planting. If this is not available, then use finely-ground
pure, raw bone, well mixed with the soil before sowing
the seed. If neither of these things has been done and
the sweet peas need plant food, the easiest way will be to
give manure water.

SOIL AMELIORATION

M. M., R. I. — Without having personal acquaintance
with your soil, we conclude that what your land needs
is still more manure. No advantage could possibly arise
at this time from the use of land plaster (sulphate of lime
or gypsum). This is a valuable addition to land which
is already heavily manured in making available the already
locked-up plant food. In your case, there may be a lack
of plant food, and humus, more than anything else, is nec-
essary. Cultivation will accomplish a great deal and will
help to keep the crops growing by aérating the soil and
conserving moisture.

SUPPORT FOR VINES

F. W. B., Wyo.— A heavy-weight chicken wire is the
best generally available trellis for vines, and some such
accessory means of support should be stretched over the
part of the house where the vines are to be trained. It 1s
essential that the supports be firm, and iron rods run at
frequent intervals, to which the netting can be securely
fastened, are much better than wooden boards. Be
sure to get a good, heavy-weight wire, because the
weight of the plants becomes a considerable item in the
course of a year or two, and a light-grade of wire might
give way under the strain.

WHAT TO DO WITH THE BULBS

E. C. A., New York. — Leave the bulbs of tulips, daffo-
dils and narcissus which you planted last fall just where
they are; do not touch them for two or three years anyhow.
The only reason for taking up bulbs at all is that the
ground is wanted for planting other things. Daffodils
do better the second and third years and should not be
moved until they become so crowded as to cause undue
pressure on each other and consequent starving. Of
éourse, the full-sized bulbs that flower this year will not
flower again next year; they produce offsets. It is better
to pick off the flowers (not the leaves) from bulbous
plants. If the flower is allowed to form seed and to
develop a seed pod, the bulb is being taxed to a totally
unnecessary degree. Cut the flower stalk as soon as the
petals fade.

EARLY LIMA BEANS AND TOMATOES

M. D., Mass. —For an early bush lima bean, plant
Henderson’s Bush Lima. The earliest pole variety is
the small lima, or Sieva, but this is of rather a poor quality.
One of a much better quality and a week later 1s the
Early Leviathan. Start these in a coldframe or hotbed
in pots or on inverted sods about May ist or late in April.
They cannot generally be started much earlier than that,
because the growth would be so large that it would be
difficult to handle. Plant in six-inch pots, putting about
half a dozen seeds to a pot. When transplanting, be very
careful not to break the roots. Knock the balls of earth
out of the pots and plant in the ground intact. The
earliest tomatoes are Earliana and Chalk’s Early Jewel.
They may be started in a hotbed about the first of April
and grown on in pots until planting-out time. Four-inch
pots will probably be large enough. The plants must be
hardened off before being planted out.

Are you going to rejurnish a room?
Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

May, 1908

APE AGA RDN

MAGAZINE

201

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

poultry and live stock will be gladly given.

Information about the selection or care of dogs,

Ad-

dress INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarDEN MaGazINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.

You Can’t Cut Out

A BOG SPAVIN or
THOROUGHPIN, but

will clean them off, and you work the horse same time.
Does not blister or remove the hair. Will tell you
more if you write. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book
4-C free.

Sze Genuine mfd. only by

Ww. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

Large English Berkshires
Size, with quality and early maturity

We have never bred a cross animal
nor have we ever had a sow molest her
) pigs. Our sows are prolific and tractable.

Breeding herd of 150 to select from.

Both English and American breeding
and only the most desirable strains.
Write us your wants. We willbe pleased
to describe stock and furnish pedigree,
whether you are ready to buy or not.

H.C.&H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N.Y.

Mated pair

billing, or SQU AB BOOK
kissing.

From eggs FREE
to squabs Send for our handsome 1908 Free Book,
in 4 telling how to make money breeding squabs.
week We were first; our birds are largest and

outsell all others. Our methods are

Sywidely copied. piymonth Rock Squab
Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Masse

EGGS—EGGS

As an inducement to secure new customers I will

sell eggs this spring at the following low prices:

Per Setting Per Setting
Buff P. Rocks . 13 $1.00 IRE Ie Reds ess) =) (15)62.00
Barred P. Rocks . 13 1.00 Columbian W’d’s . 15 2.00
White P. Rocks . 13 I.00 Partridge W’d’s_ . 15 2.00
S. Wyandottes . . 13 1.00 S.C. B. Orpingtons 15 2.00
W.Wyandottes. . 13 1.00 S. C. B’k Orpingtons 15 2.00
Buff Leghorns .. . 13 1.00 R.C.B.Orpingtons 15 2.00
S.C.W.and B. L’g’ns 131.00 S.C. W. Orpingtons 15 2.00
R.C. B. Leghorns 13 1.00 R. C. W. Orpingtons 13 2.00
Black Minorcas 13 1.00 R.C. B’k Orpingtons 13 2.00

S. C. Buff Orpington Eggs, $3 for 30; $8 for 100; R. C. Buff, Black
White and S. C. White Orpington Eggs, $3 for 26; $10 for 100. All
other eggs, $6 per roo. Forty years among poultry and now have
the largest and best equipped Poultry establishments in America.

CIRCULAR FREE

Lewis C. Beatty, Box 174 Washington, N. J.

LAWN FERTILIZER

S HEEP MANURE is unequalled for top dressing the lawn
in the Spring. It makes a complete fertilizer and is
specially rich in nitrogen. Spread on evenly the Spring rains
will wash in the fertilizing elements ready for the young roots
immediately growth starts. There is no danger of carrying
in weed seeds if sheep manure is used.
It is also excellent for fertilizing the

VEGETABLE GARDEN AND ORCHARD
promoting a steady, rapid growth. It is non-odorous, is
cleaner, and richer than stable manure.

10 Ibs. S$ 55 100 lbs. $ 1.50
FO Ibs. 1.00 Per ton 25.00

CAIRNSMUIR FARM, NEW CITY, N. Y.

Amateur, Fancier, Professional Breeder or General Farmer —

the book you need is

“The Poultry
Book”

672 illustrations One handsome

large volume. $7.50 postpaid.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WorLp's Work THE GARDEN
XN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YorRK.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

CILAIN
nancing STANCHION
Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testined to its
simplicity, completeness and durability,
among them Ex-Governor Hoard of Wiscon-
sin and I. B. Calvin, Vice-President State
Dairymen’s Association, Kewanee, Ind. The
latter says: ‘‘I think them perfect.”” The
H purchaser takes no risk, as the Stanchions
) are shipped subject to 30 days’ trial in your
own stable. Send for descriptive pamphlet.

W.B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

Fora short time we will INCU BATOR
dome, Tete Patt) g =e ee eee eee
100-egg special-style ‘‘United’’ Incubator to any point
east of the Mississippi River for $12.50— -
freight to River allowed on orders
west. This is a high-grade machine
with all the latest improvements,
and is shipped complete, readv
to run. Send money today, or
write for free Catalog U.
Dept. 101

UNITED INCUBATOR & POULTRY
SUPPLY MFG. CO.

26-28 Vesey Street, New York City

y 100 EGG
SPECIAL

Rhode Island Reds

White, Buff, Barred and Black Rocks; White,
Golden, Silver and Buff Wyandottes; Brown,
Buff and White Leghorns; Light Brahmas,
Black Minorcas and Black Javas

Hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For

BIRDS (moderate prices) or “EGGS to
HATCH” at ten cents each, write for circular.

WALTER SHERMAN, Meadowslope, NEWPORT, R. I.

It’s an ideal place for a hen to sit and

raise her brood ina Wigwarm Setting

and Brood Coop. Size 20 x 48 and 24

high. Keeps out rats, skunks, etc. Makes
money, saves many chicks. Price $3.

Move it anywhere. Write for &
Discounts, and free catalog.
FE. F. HODGSON, Box 34, Dover, Mass

Every poultry raiser ought to have reliable remedies on hand for fight-
ing lice, gape worms and other foesof growing chicks. Quick action
saves many a “peep.”

My illustrated Poultry Supply Book describes Standard remedies and
disinfectants; Cyphers’ Incubators, Brooders, Portable Colony Houses,
rovufing materials, and poultry supplies. Write for it—it's free. Let me
§ solve your problems.

STOKES’ SEED STORE, Dept. W,

219 Market St., Philadelphia.

THE CROWN
BONE CUTTER

for the poultryman. Cuts green bone and
offals from the table, vegetables, etc. Also
WILSON’S Family Grist [ill for
grinding fine corn meal and grain for
table use. Turns easy. A sample of
meal and catalogue sent free.

WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa.

Have a new way of manufacturing and
selling house paint that’s unique—
that’s better.

Before my plan, Paint was sold in two
ways—either ready-made—or mixed by a
local painter.

Both these ways are at fault.

Ready Made Paint settles hard in cans
—and mineral pigments and chemical act-
ing dryers in readv-made paint eat the life

y out of Linseed Oil—which is the life of
ees all paint.
St. Louis. Mo, Painter-Made Paint can never be prop-
erly made by a painter—because of lack of heavy mixing and
grinding machinery.

O. L. Chase, the Paintman, Dept, #7, St. Louis,

My paint is ready te use—but not ready-made. My paint is
made to order—after the order is received—packed in hermeti-
cally sealed cans—(extra size to insure a full gallon)—and dated
the day the paint is made.

Pure Linseed Oil and pure, fresh paint ingredients are used in
my Paint. Such materials, found at local stores, are usually
adulterated.

I sell my paint direct from factory to user—at very low
factory prices.

I pay freight on six gallon orders or over.

When the order of six gallons or over is received, use two full
gallons to testit—and if you are not perfectly satisfied, in every
particular, return the balance of the order to me—and the two gal-
lons you have used shan’t cost you a penny.

No other paint maker offers such a liberal proposition. My

I Am the Paint Man

2 Full Gallons Free to Try—3 Months Time to Pay
Sou Pay No Freight to Try My Paint

Paint is sold to responsible people on three months time, if desired.
I make three brands of Paint to suit the requirements of my
immense trade.

My strictly Pure, All White Lead Paint is absolutely the best
paint in the world. My 40-60 Brand Zinc and Lead Paint is the
best paint in its class on the market. My Durability Paint hasan §
immense sale everywhere, and is sold under five-year iron-clad §
guarantee. The purity of my Paint is guaranteed under a forfeit
of $100.00 in gold. F f

Send for my beautiful Paint Book and big Color Cards §
to’ select from—best Book—largest Cards ever published. §
They are FREE. With the Paint Book I send Free Book
of all kinds of Painters’? Supplies, sold at Direct-to-you
Prices. Write TODAY. My plan insures you satisfaction and
lowest prices on paint.

Missouri

9 The Readers’ Service will give
202 information about automobiles

THE GAR DENY MAGAZINE:

May, 1908

Why Waste Time
and Labor?

trimming and edging a lawn or garden
with back-breaking shears, clippers and
edging tools when the

Capitol Lawn Trim-
mer and Edger

will do the work much better, easier,
and in a fraction of the time. Saves
its cost in less than a season. An abso-
lute necessity for lawn gardens, parks
and cemeteries. If your dealer does not
handle it, write us for Catalog ‘‘C.”’
Don’t put it off.

The Granite State Mowing
Machine Co.

Hinsdale

Adventures in Contentment
By DAVID GRAYSON

“Here is a book so delightful in its literary style, so simple,

so sound in its philosophy, so full of genuine content and

with such a sunny outlookyupon life that one almost hes-

itates to write about it lest its charms shall be clouded, as

it were, by overmuch handling.” —7he Brooklyn Daily

Eagle.

Uniform with “A Journey to Nature,” illustrated
by Fogarty, $1.32 postpaid.

’\) THe Worrp'sWenk THe GARDE”
ss MAGAZINE.

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW Yorn. -

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMPHICA

BERRIES FROM NORTH CAROLINA

C. C., N. Carolina-—Currants do not do well in North
Carolina, except in the mountain districts. Red rasp-
berries do not succeed in the sun, but some varieties
(Cuthbert, for instance) will do fairly well on the north
side of a fence. Gregg is probably the best black rasp-
berry.

RED SPIDER ON SWEET PEAS

A. P. H., New Jersey.— The yellow and dried-up
appearance of the vines is due to the attacks of red spider.
The easiest and, best method of ridding the plants of the
pest is to syringe with clear water applied with considerable
force. Be sure to hit the under sides of the leaves, for this
is where the insect resides.

FERTILIZING BLACKBERRY PLANTS

M. B., Penna.— Use fertilizer whenever the plants need
it. If you are getting excellent results without its use, it
does not seem essential that you apply any. At the same
time a slight dressing, as a mulch, is always good. How-
ever, if the ground is sufficiently rich, a fertilizer may cause
the canes to run to wood and destroy the fruiting qualities.

PREPARING FLOWER BEDS

F. W. B., Wyo.— The fundamental cause of so many
failures with flower beds is the neglect of thorough prepara-
tion of the soil before planting. The great necessity is
deep digging and thoroughly turning the soil, so that
when finished the layer that was formerly eight to twelve
inches before the surface is now on the top. Spread
manure or other fertilizer over the surface, and turn
under in the trenches. Use a fork for this and not a
spade, for the latter has a tendency to cake the clods if
the soil is at all tenacious or the work done when it Is at
all wet.

ELIMINATING QUACK GRASS

M. L. B., New Jersey — The quitch or quack grass
(Agropyrum repens) is an obnoxious weed and hard to
eradicate from the ground. It is usually found in land
which is in good condition. The plant is a perennial
and increases by means of underground stems. The
best method of clearing quitch grass from large areas of
land is to plant it to a “hoed crop,” 1. e., corn, potatoes,
etc. Thorough cultivation must be given until the ground
is entirely shaded by the foliage of the plants. Cultivating
for a couple of seasons should kill it off. If the piece of
land infested is small, dig it over with a spading fork,
carefully picking out all the roots. Each piece of root
left in the ground, no matter how small, will make a new
plant. Remove the roots to some convenient place where
they may be disposed of by burning. In a week or so
after the ground has been dug over, a few leaves of the
quitch grass will probably appear above the ground.
Cut them off with a sharp scuffle hoe, watch the place
constantly, and each time new leaves appear cut them off
This will kill the few remaining roots because they cannot
live without leaves.

HOW TO USE NITRATE OF SODA

L. G. B., New Jersey.— Nitrate of soda is unques-
tionably an excellent fertilizer to apply in the early stages
of growth of any crop. It might be called, speaking
broadly, a stimulant rather than a food. It stimulates
growth and will cause indirectly an exhaustion of the
soil unless other fertilizers be introduced. Nitrate of
soda can be used scattered dry over the surface of the
ground for vegetable plants, or it can be used in solution.
The dry salt scattered over the surface of growing crops
might cause “burning,” as it will extract moisture from them
in dissolving itself. On the lawn, nitrate of soda can be
used as a top dressing, broadcast, using about thirty
pounds to 2,500 square feet. Scatter it on the surface
on a damp day, preferably immediately preceding a rain.
It can be used in solution at the rate of one pound to forty
gallons of water, and the same solution could, of course, be
used for the garden crops. The mixing of nitrate of soda
with any other chemical is not advised; it is better to
apply them separately. The effect of the nitrate of soda
is to supply nitrogen which stimulates the growth of the
green parts of the plants, and a complete diet should be
supplemented with something containing potash and phos-
phoric acid. Phosphoric acid gives quality and flavor,
and potash gives firmness and rigidity to the growth. The
actual feeding material that is derived from stable manure
is identical with that which is introduced by the use of
nitrate of soda,

What the papers say about

Ghe

Ancient
Law

By Ellen Glasgow

Author of ‘The Wheel of Life,”
“The Voice of the People,”’ etc.

“The Ancient Law’ is a distinct advance
in the work of an author who ranks with
the best of cur women novelists.’’—Neaw
York Times.

“Tt will take its place at once among the
best of the year, no matter what the re-
maining eleven months may bring forth.’’
—Chicago ‘Record-Herald.

““The force of Balzac, it has been said,
lay in representing the innumerable actual
facts of the French civilization of his day.
It is the same sort of service that Miss
Glasgow has rendered to a smaller civili-
zation.’’—The North American Review.
“Miss Glasgow now has a creditable list
of stories to her credit, but none excels in
interest this latest one.’’—Chicago Tri-
bune.

““*The Ancient Law’ is the best novel that
Miss Glasgow has yet written ... a book
which, in ethical interest and in ripe
knowledge of men and women reminds one
more of the work of George Eliot than
of any other author.’’—San Francisco
Chronicle.

A tale of human strug-
gle and human _ love,
which will last in Amer-
ican literature.

$1.50

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WORK Te GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

AN EXHIBIT

of pictures, manuscripts, book
and magazine making, is being
held in the Library Salesroom of
Messrs. Doubleday, Page &
Company at 133 East 16th Street
near Irving Place.

eres Or Wee ~~ Garcen
Magazine-Farming” are cor-
dially invited.

May, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 203

NATURE NATURE NATURE NATURE
LIBRARY j : dee 8 LIBRARY LIBRARY

VOL.
G\ME BIRDS

SDAY,PAGE CO. coysepay, PAGEACO © «OTBLEDAY, PAGE CO © -OULEDAY PAGE ACU come PAGER CO

THE NEW NATURE LIBRARY
HAS JUST BEEN COMPLETED IN FIFTEEN LARGE VOLUMES

| 6000 pages, 430 plates in color, nearly 4000 half-tones, most of them from life, and 2590 other illustrations, in
all, 7000 pictures of Animals, Birds, Fish, Butterflies, Moths, Insects, Wild Flowers, Trees, Reptiles, Shells, etc.

HE last volume, “Shells,’’ is ready for shipment, so that incomplete sets may now be filled. To

produce the “Nature Library” has taken ten years of careful and painstaking endeavor and this is
the most important book enterprise in which we have engaged. Many manuscripts submitted have
been rejected as not being up to the standard of excellence established. Throughout we have insisted
that the information should be accurate and scientific and at the same time presented in an interesting
and “‘live’’? way. As completed, this work is

THE ONLY SATISFACTORY AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY

John Burroughs in the General Introduction writes: “While accurate and scientific, I have found them (the volumes) very readable.
= ~ The treatment is popular without being sensational. This library is free
g Ty

from the scientific dry rot on the one hand and from the florid and misleading romanticism of much recent nature writing on the other. It isa
safe guide to the world of animal and piant life that lies about us.”’

TITLES AUTHORS
Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 6. Butterflies Vol. 11. Trees W. J. Holland William E. Cram A. R. Dugmore
Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 7. Moths Vol. 12. Frogs L. O. Howard Julia E. Rogers Nina L. Marshail
Vol. 3: Bird Homes Vol. 8. Insects Vol. 13. Reptiles David Starr Jordan Witmer Stone Raymond L. Ditmars
Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 9. Wild Flowers Vol. 14. Mosses and Lichens Neltje Blanchan B. W. Evermann Mary C. Dickerson
Vol. 5. Fishes Vol. 10. Mushrooms Vol. 15. Shells With a general introduction by John Burroughs

This is the time of the year that the ‘Nature Library’’ is the most useful and we want to tell you how you can add this great work to your
library. An entirely new plan of sale has been arranged and you will be surprised to learn the favorable terms we are able to make you.

SEND FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AT ONCE

Sug TIRE ROC EOE SHADE ERE te cee oe Sone ceesatete ot Sicetasseses recat soroteocecomerconsebcedeec snes ectaetereee Saeresosadseao eG TEAR OFF HERE ------------------------------0cencec ene nnn nn ane ene en eee

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,
133 EasT 16TH STREET, NEW YORK.

Please send me descriptive circulars and full
details of your new plan for the purchase of the
Nature Library.

A terra wisere ee en cde Sae eens ane ena pee ape cne ene den san ooccaceeancmcueece

If you are planning to build the Readers’
204 Service can often give helpful suggestions aT H E

The Shell Book

As readable as fiction

The first Ym ue An
popular book | | introduction
to the
interesting
creatures
collectors a . which inhabit
and 3 a a shells,
advanced “a native and
students foreign

By JULIA ELLEN ROGERS

DEPENDABLE guide to a knowledge of living mol-

lusks, and an aid to the identification of shells; the

cultivation of oysters and other shell fish is described,
and instructions are given for making aquaria. It is au-
thoritative, but contains few technical terms. With its eight
full-page plates in color, and 473 photographs reproduced
in black and white, “The Shell Book” represents the only
adequate work on the subject. $4.40 postpaid.

By the Same Author -

The Tree Book. The most valuable, accurate, and elaborate book
ever published in America on our native trees. 350 beautiful photo-
graphic illustrations (16 in color) by A. R. Dugmore. $4.34 postpaid.

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WoRK Tue GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

MERRICK

. LONG ISLAND

Plots 100 x 200 and larger FOR SALE. Houses willbe built
from purchaser’s own plans, and liberal terms may be made.
This property is in the center of a rapidly developing section of
Long Island, is fully restricted and is surrounded by gentlemen’s
country places, within an hour from the heart of New York City.

For maps, prices, etc., address

Edward McVickar

GENERAL AGENT

200 Broadway, New York

and 1 WEST 34th STREET

GARDEN - MNG AZIEN

May, 1908

The Earliest Clematis

Sv FAR as I know, the earliest-blooming

clematis is the mountain clematis
(C. montana), a species with fragrant white
flowers which blooms from the last week
of April until the end of May. In the typical
form the flowers are only one inch across,
but the variety grandiflora, prominently
advertised in 1907, is said to have flowers
one and one-half to two inches across. There
is also a new variety, rubens, with rosy red
flowers. This species is hardy, although
a native of the Himalayas.

The mountain clematis is a vigorous vine,
often reaching a height of fifteen to twenty

Boe Sg

In April and May the flowers of the mountain
clematis (CU. montana) appear; white with yellow
centre, fragrant, about one inch across

feet. The flowers are about an inch across
and become pink as they grow older. They
have conspicuous yellow stamens and are
composed of four sepals, these being the
showy portion of the flower in the genus
Clematis. The species closely related to
this are evergreen, but none of them are
in cultivation. The mountain clematis is
deciduous. Unlike the common large-flow-
ered varieties of clematis, such as Jackmanni,
the mountain clematis does not bloom upon
the new growth. It flowers on year-old,
ripened wood, and therefore should be
pruned after it blooms, instead of in early
spring, if it needs any pruning at all.

The accompanying picture was taken
at the Arnold Aboretum, Jamaica Plain,
Mass. The blossom looks more like an
anemone than a clematis.

New Jersey. Tuomas McApAm.

May, 1908 Wet | Gs

Ideas of a Plain
Country Woman|

By THE ‘‘COUNTRY CONTRIBUTOR”’

HE remarkable success

of these talks when
some of them appeared in
“The Ladies’ Home Jour-
nal’ and in “The Indian-
apolis News,’ has led to
‘the preparation of this book,
which contains many chap-
ters not published serially.
It is full of humorously
sane and wholesome views
on everyday affairs.

CONTENTS

The Copy Book
The Woman Who Wears the Halo
By Way of Retrospect
A February Monologue
Rough Thoughts for Rough Weather
Philosophies of a House-cleaning Day

The Simple Life —---suesrants. By Parker Thayer Barnes. A manual of the best plants for indoor
The Marriage Question cultivation. Their raising from seed, and home propagation. $1.18 postpaid.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St., New York

Some Needs of Woman
The Truth About Love
Old Maids and Single Women
A Chapter for Men to Read
The Higher Education
A Big Day
The Good and Evil of Books as they Pertain

cp iW OATS ILS P. S. Readers in New York and vicinity are invited to visit our library salesroom.

The Sin of Trying to Be too Good
Reflections of a Grandmother

$1.10 postpaid

CouNTEY LIFE THEWoRLD's WoRK THE GARDEN
TN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

COUNTRY HOMES EVERYWHERE

Can be sold through Country Life in America.
Write to the Manager of the Real Estate Department.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York

Rudyard Kipling’s Books

Pocket Edition of THE SBYEN SEAS. Nev Edition.

$1.54 postpaic
MANY INVENTIONS. New Edition.

. $1,
y COLLECTED VERSE OF RUDYARD
KIPLING. $1.92 postpaid.
THE BRUSHWOOD BOY. New Edi-

no Illustrated by Townsend. $1.58

The second volume in our

Large Print Library

“Tove Me Little, Love Me
Long,” by Cartes READE,
with all its charm and unfail-
ing humor, is now ready in
ae very legible edition.

aid.
FROM see te SEA. (One Volume.)

cé % 99
im nd vee Or
9 a PU CR OF BOOK? S HILL. Illustrated

in color. $1.50.
THEY. Special Holiday ee Tllus-

ee d ») p) trated in color. $1.60 postpa
e a y S Or TRAFFICS AND ISCOVERIES.
$1.50.

THE FIVE NATIONS. $1.51 postpaid.
UST SO STORIES. $1.37 postpaid.

seiat J
Miceicea most luxurious, and idelightiul | THe Just s0:soNG BOOK. “sx28

itl 1 1 KIM. _$r.
edition, printed on thin but opaque paper | KM. S:50. 0 s30

in i i i STALKY & CO. $1.
ae pound in paperted ea wench Is a PLAIN ICO Be Sok ee
Tok P easure to an c. e ave never LIFE’ S HANDICAP. Being Stories of

published a more thoroughly satisfactory THE GSLING BINA coe

$1.0
book in NEU particular. UNDER THE DEODARS, THE PHAN-
. : TOM ’RICKSHAW AND WEE
Bound in rich red leather ee S50. :
c * H G 1.50.
3 SOLDIER STORIES. $1.50.
Size 434X736. Each, $1 -57 postpaid. (With Wolcott eles) THE NAU-
LAHKA. $1.
DEPARTMENTAL DITTIES AND

COUNTRY LIFE THE WortD's WoRK (#) Tue GARDEN BE ae NU aE gS -ROOM
IN AMERICA — MAGAZINE
SOLDIERS THREE, THE STORY

The buckram binding with label which
won’t come off, is uniform with the first
of the series, “Wuthering Heights’’;
but there are several notable improve-
ments in lining and title-page decora-
tions, and in the paper.

The best edition for those
who value their sight.

Volumes sold separately at
$1.50 cloth
$2.50 deep green grained half-leather
$3.00 full genuine Morocco

Courter Loe THe Wortp's Work ‘Te GARDES
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DousBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw York. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

OF THE GADSBYS. and IN BLACK
| AND WHITE. $1.50.

rAZINE

Ss : MAY BE OPENED a =
AT, Toe 1Or
_— O-Re
LCiGor

Burlington Venetian Blind

makes your porches perfectly secluded, gratefully
shady and delightfully cool—home summer resorts
to entertain friends in the open air, yet screened
from public gaze, to take your ease, have luncheon
or tea, do sewing—or play-places for the children.

. Make Your Rooms Cool and Beautiful

by the free ventilation and artistic half-light of
Burlington Venetian Blinds. Very easy to attach.

Made to Order Only. Venetian and Sliding,
any size, wood and finish, at most advantageous
prices. Window Screens and Screen Doors of
improved design and szperzor material.

Send for Free Catalog
Burlington Venetian Blind Co., 327 Lake St., Burlington, Vt.

Boyce, Va., March 18, 1908.
“I wish to thank you for fhe best lot of roses I have ever
had, and to say that if perfect honesty and fair dealing win
success, you will have it in abundance.”

F. KEY MEADE.

“QA Little Book
About Roses”

Mailed on request; ~
tells you the whole story — want it?

GEORGE H. PETERSON

ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
BOX 55 FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Do You Want to Buy a Country Home? |]

The service of our Country Real Estate Department, in finding your ideal place, is gratis,
MANAGER, COUNTRY REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA: ISS) Bascalioth: sts Nee

STRONG, HEALTHY GERANIUMS
ERANIUMS! What’s better for artistic window and porch
decoration—and for bedding ?
We have the two finest varieties in_existence—the S. A. Nutt,
a beautiful shade of crimson and La Favorite—pure white.

Strong, healthy plants yielding large, round and full blooms
2% inches in diameter, perfect beauties—every one.

**“At Wholesale Prices”

In order to increase our long list of satisfied customers, we are
offering this Spring, these choice plants at wholesale prices.

Plantsfrom 4 inch pots—$1.00 per doz., 16 doz. $.60
Plants from 4}4 inch pots—$1.25 per doz., 44 doz. .7o

Positively the best Geraniums you can buy—a trial will testify.
arly buyers have the better picks,

WM. F. BORMAN, Fairview Heights, Marietta, Ohio

May, 1908

GARDEN AND FARM NEws

| Rees as everyone knows, is the main

source of supply of Easter lilies to the
United States, but probably no one realizes
that more than 3,000,000 bulbs are imported
each year. In Bermuda the lilies are cul-
tivated in open fields, and it is estimated
that about 20,000 of a marketable size can
be grown on one acre from bulbs planted
the preceding year. The second year’s bulb
crop should bring from $1,000 to $2,000
an acre.

a

An orchid society was formed on March
14th in New York at a meeting of amateurs
and others interested in growing this fasci-
nating group of plants. Preliminary organ-
ization was then accomplished. There was

plenty of evidence of strong support from |

amateurs.
oa

Willis G. Johnson, recently editor of the
American A gricuiturist and formerly the State
Entomologist of Maryland, died in New York
on March 11th. Professor Johnson made
a permanent name for himself in his whirl-
wind campaign against the San Jose scale,
and perhaps did more than any other indi-
vidual to arouse the public to the serious
nature of this scale.

77)

The first golden-banded lilies imported
from Japan to America reached the United
States in 1877 and cost $2.50 a bulb. Fair-
sized bulbs now cost only ten or fifteen cents
each. Lilium auratum is the largest of
the lilies, being usually six and sometimes
eight inches across. The bulbs only last

a few years, but the coloring and odor of

the flowers are very rich.
a

One of the great losses to people engaged
in the commercial production of nuts is from
the weevils, the grubs of which make the
kernels unfit for use. Very often there is no
evidence from the outside of the nuts that
these are present, and this is particularly
true of the chestnut. A bulletin on nut
weevils by F. H. Chittenden has recently
been issued by the United States Department
of Agriculture, and this treats not only of the
chestnut but also of the pecan and hazelnut
weevils. A full description is given of each
one of these, together with direct remedies

for their destruction and also preventives -

for orchard use.
y)

Many nurserymen catalogue the broad-
leaved evergreens separately, because they
are a Cultural unit and because of the great
popular interest in these sumptuous decora-
tive plants. Yet no one seems to think of
the evergreen bamboo in this connection,
and one generally finds it listed among
herbaceous perennials. Yet it has the
broadest and largest leaf of all the bamboos,
attains an ultimate height of six feet, and
is the only evergreen bamboo that is hardy
as far north as Philadelphia. Its correct
name is Avrundinaria Japonica, but the
nurserymen call it Bambusa Metake. A
good plant costs about one dollar.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

207

For the Fresh Air Reader

/ ‘HERE is not a volume in this list which is not really needed in the particular
field of outdoor interest for which it is intended.

NAVIGATING THE AIR

Published under the auspices of the Aero Clab of

America. Illustrated with remarkable photographs by

many experts. $1.64 postpaid
THE ARAB HORSE

By Spencer Borden. 24 photographs. $1.29 postpaid

The Geographical Library

NEAREST THE POLE

By Robert E. Peary. With a map, frontispiece in
color and many fine photographs. $5.14 postpaid

FIGHTING THE POLAR ICE
By Anthony Fiala. $4.12 postpaid

THE OPENING OF TIBET

By Perceval Landon. $4.20 postpaid

THE PASSING OF KOREA
By Homer B. Hulbert, A.M., F.R.G.S. $4.20 postpaid

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA
By Dr. W. A. P. Martin $4.14 postpaid

FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE
By C. G. Schillings. $4.19 postpaid
Each very fully illustrated from photographs.

FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
By Beatrice Grimshaw. 64 pages of remarkable
photographs. $3.24 postpaid
THE NEAR EAST

By a friend of the Sultan and King Peter of Servia.
48 pages of photographs. $3.23 postpaid

AMERICAN ANIMALS
By Witmer Stone and Wm. E. Cram. 6 colored paint-
ings and 94 extraordinary photographs from life.
$3.37 postpaid
AMERICAN FOOD AND GAME FISHES

By David Starr Jordan and B. W. Evermaun. 10 colored
plates. 100 photographs of live fish in the water, and 200
text cuts. $4.40 postpaid

THE MOTH BOOK

By Dr. W.J. Holland, 48 colored plates and many text
cuts. $4.35 postpaid

THE SHELL BOOK

By Jujia E. Rogers. 8 plates in color and 1445 line
drawings. $4.40 postpaid

The Farm Library

FARM MANAGEMENT
By Professor Fred. W. Card.

SOILS:
Them.

How to Handle and Improve
By 8S. W. Fletcher.

FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses,
Sheep, Swine, etc. By E. V. Wilcox.
COTTON
By Prof. C.W, Burkett and Clarence H. Poe.

Each copiously illustrated from photographs.
$2.20 postpaid

COUNTRY LIFE
IN AMERICA

THE REPTILE BOOK

By Raymond L. Ditmars. Illustrated with eight plates

in color and 128 in black and white from photographs,

which excel anything now existing on this subject.
$4.37 postpaid

THE FROG BOOK

By Mary C. Dickerson. 16 plates in color and nearly
300 black and white, from photographs.by the author.
$4.34 postpaid

THE MUSHROOM BOOK

By Nina L. Marshall. 24 colored plates, 24 black and
white and about 100 text cuts. $3.32 postpaid

MOSSES AND LICHENS

By Nina L. Marshall. 32 pages of half-tones, 16 color
plates and 1445 line drawings. $4.43 postpaid

THE TREE BOOK
By Julia E, Rogers. 350 beautiful photographic illus-
trations (16 in color) by A. R. Dugmore. $4.44 postpaid

NATURE’S GARDEN (Wild Flowers)
By Neltje Blanchan. 32 colored plates, 48 black and
white. $3.35 postpaid

WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH
ISLES

By H. Isabel Adams. Illustrated with 75 remarkable
full-page color plates. Boxed $10.38 postpaid

COUNTRY RESIDENCES IN EUROPE
AND AMERICA

By Louis V. Le Moyne. 500 photographs and complete
ground plans of each estate. $8.25 postpaid

COUNTRY HOMES OF FAMOUS
AMERICANS
By Oliver Bronson Capen. Introduction by Thomas

Wentworth Higginson. Profusely illustrated from pho-
tographs. $5.57 postpaid

' THE COUNTRY HOUSE

By Chas. Edw. Hooper. A complete manual of house-
building in the country, with 380 photographs and plans.
$3.36 postpaid

TO THE TOP OF THE CONTINENT

By Dr. Fred’k A. Cook. Many photographs and maps.
$2.75 postpaid

THE COMPLETE MOUNTAINEER

By Geo. D. Abraham. % photographs.
$5.10 postpaid

The Garden Library

LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM
By Leonard Barron. Tlustrated. $1.18 postpaid

FERNS AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By G. A. Woolson. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

THE WoRLD‘’s WoRK

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEW YORK.

The Garden Library ( Continued )

ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Many Experts. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

DAFFODILS— NARCISSUS,
HOW TO GROW THEM
By A. M. Kirby.

AND

$1.17 postpaid

WATER-LILIES AND HOW TO
GROW THEM
By Ii. S. Conard and Henri Hus. £1.17 postpaid

(In Preparation)

VINES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Wm. McCollom.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND HOW
TO GROW THEM
By I. L. Powell.

THE FIRST BOOK OF FARMING
By Charles L. Goodrich. 63 pages of photographs.
$1.10 postpaid
DRIVING

By Francis M. Ware. 113 illustrations and very elab-
orate gold binding. $10.38 postpaid

HOW TO PLAN THE HOME GROUNDS
By S. Parsons, Jr. 56 iJlustrations. $1.10 postpaid
HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN
By S. W. Fletcher. 200 photographs $2.22 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE
GARDEN
By Edith L. Fullerton. 250 photographs. $2.26 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN

More than 200 photographs. $1.88 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS

By H. D. Hemenway. 10 illustrations from photographs.
$1.07 postpaid

THE DOG BOOK

By James Watson.

Tustrated from photo-
graphs, paintings, and
rare engravings. Price
per part, $1.10: com-
plete,$12.00 subscription.

AVSHS JOOS EAP IRL 9%
BOOK
Edited by Willis Grant
Johnson and George O.
Brown, with the assist-
ance of many expert American breeders and the late
Harrison Weir, the great English authority. 36 color
plates and 636 other pictures. One volume, $7.50
subscription.

A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS
By J. Wilkinson Elliott. 50 illustrations ;
binding, boards. $1.72 postpaid

HOW TO KEEP BEES
By Anna Botsford Comstock,
graphic illustrations,

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Many photo-
$1.10 postpaid

208

KEEP A FILE OF THIS MAGAZINE

Our readers may have noticed that under the
head of The Month’s Reminder, we frequently
refer to instructions and suggestions given in
back numbers of thismagazine. Thisisdone, not
for the purpose of selling back numbers and
bound volumes, of which we have only a very
few files, but to obviate the difficulty of repeating
suggestions and advice which has been printed
again and again. Our new readers are apt
to demand that we give, in every spring and
fall season, help which is valuable at such
times, and we feel that our old readers must
be worried to have us repeat with so little
change the story which we have told so often
before. If our readers can be induced to keep
their numbers, the paragraphs we point out
and enumerate will be as valuable one year
as another, although we are all apt to forget
from season to season.

The magazine can be bound by your local
stationer, or we will bind any volume you
return to us for seventy-five cents, express
charges to be borne by the customer. If
desired, we can furnish cases for your local
binders for sixty-two cents, postpaid.

PREMIUMS FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS

During the course of a year our friends give
away many subscriptions to this magazine.
We believe there is no more acceptable gift
than such a practical publication, and we want
to make this subscription-giving exceptionally
popular now.

So we are
offering some
attractive re-
wards to
“‘club-rais-
ers,” as we
call thosewho
send us two
or three sub-
scriptions at
once. For in-
stance ,fortwo
yearly sub-
scriptions to
THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE-
FARMING, we

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

‘°To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”—Aztony and Cleopatra

will send the Lenni Lenape Roses, good stock,
different colors, Baby Rambler, White Soupert,
Etoile de France, La Tosca and Wellesley.
The plants will be shipped in season with all
charges prepaid. Your own renewal will count
as one subscription, of course, and you simply
remit $z for each.

For three yearly subscriptions at $1 each
we will ship you, express collect, the adjustable
garden cultivator, one of the most useful hand
garden tools on the market. It will pull out
the weeds and pulverize the ground thoroughly,
leaving it level. It will
work between the rows,
or the centre shovel can
be removed to straddle the
rows if desired. It is the
lightest, weighing but three
pounds complete with a

= long handle, and the
strongest, as the blades are forged out of a
solid steel rod.

Another reward for three yearly subscriptions
at $1 each is a copy of “Roses and How to
Grow Them,” a splendidly helpful handbook,
written by various experts. It is well illus-
trated and bound for service. We have sold a
great many of these books and believe you
would find it as valuable as it is interesting.

You can get twenty-five gladioli seedlings,
the famous Gold Medal and Silver Trophy
blends, in all
colors, in-
cluding the
rare blues,
for only two
subscriptions,
at $x each,
and,ofcourse,
one may be
your own
renewal. Vast
pleasure is to
be had from
growing these
seedlings,
which come
PROM eet hive
famous Cowee Farm.

We have had a great many orders for our
new flower basket, which is modeled on the

May, 1908

THE: TALK: OF: THE - OFFICE:

English basket, but better fitted for the needs
of the American lover of the garden. The

basket contains scissors, trowel, pruning knife,
hammer, box of tacks, and ball of twine, and
will be sent prepaid for eight subscriptions
to THE GARDEN MaGAZINE-FARMING at $1
each.

BACK NUMBERS NEEDED

We need the following back numbers of
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING and will
gladly pay for them. For each copy received

‘in perfect condition, with cover intact, we will

extend your subscription two months:

1905—June and August.

1906— October.

1907—October and November.

1908— January.

When you ship the magazines be sure to put
your name on the package, and send us a
postal telling us what you are forwarding.

A NEW BOOK BY MAURICE HEWLETT

“The Spanish Jade” is a new book by
Maurice Hewlett, which we have the pleasure
of publishing this month. It is a finished and
careful piece of literary workmanship, and also
an entrancing story that strikes the keynote of
Spanish character, and illuminates much that
has been obscure to the Anglo-Saxon mind con-
cerning the Spaniard’s processes of thought.
The book has been decorated and illustrated
by Mr. W. Hyde, whose work adds color to
the author’s vivid descriptions.

May,

1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

209

Over 1400 Different Styles
and Sizes, for two thirds of a

cent World’s Best

Are P & O
hy Implements

d the Best ?
Because 66 Years of

knowing how has been
hammered into every
one of them.

That’s Why

is proven by the fact that they
are in constant use on hundreds of
thousands of farms all over the
agricultural world. The good
features are patented.

They Meet All Conditions

When you pay out your
good money for farm im-
plements, get the best.
Experiments are expensive.

JUST Pp & 0 TO YOUR
DEALER

Sold by dealers everywhere,
and backed by an unqual-
ified guarantee.

P & O Plows, Harrows,
Planters, Listers, Drills,
Cultivators, Stalk Cutters,
Potato Diggers, Beet Tools,
Carts, Etc., of every kind.

A Beautifully Illustrated Pamphlet, anda P. & 0.
q Catalog, will be mailed FREE. Ask for Pam ph-

let No.121 and mention this paper.

Parlin & Orendorff Co.,

CANTON, ILLINOIS.

Largest and Oldest Permanently Established
Plow Factory on Earth.

Ask
the
Dealer
who
sells

my selection.

.00 WILL BRING YOU MY
—— ARTISTIC HARDY
BORDER PLANTS
SELECTION,
arranged for continuous blooms and color
effect, consisting of 50 distinct varieties,
Illustrated Catalogue free.
CHARLES W. SCHNEIDER, Little Silver, New Jersey

Rowboat#20% |

20 different Designs

Can ship immediately in any quantity.

Need no Boat House. Never Leak, Rust,
_Check, Crack or Rot. Every boat has water
tight compartment, socannot sink. Write for

4 FREE Illustrated Catalog and Special Prices.
M

ichigan Steel Boat Co.

268 Belleyue Ave.,
Detroit, Mich.

MONTREAL M.

to $5.00 each.

tural direction.

MONTREAL

MELON

The largest and best flavored Musk
Melon in existence. Grows to weigh as
much as 20 pounds, and fetches $3.00
GENUINE SEED
per package postpaid soc., with cul-
i Do not confuse this
variety with the American variety.

DUPUY & FERGUSON
CANADA

Well, [0
Glad That
Roof Wor.

4s Over/”

O painting—No repairing. That’s the story
of Amatite.

It means a tight roof—an economical

Another source of satisfaction in buying Ama-

tite is that it can be puton by anyone. No special
tools or skilled labor required. Nails and liquid
cement for laps are furnished free.

roof—a durable roof.

You save both money and labor when you use

Do not confuse Amatite roofing with the ordi-

nary smooth surfaced kind. It is in a class by | Amatite.
itself.
When the roofing question comes up, ask your-
“e +) ’
‘ wiehy saecalliad “veey Meobage” ane ak self—Are the old methods good enough for me or

‘ready’’ until they get a special coat of paint, which
you pay for extra,—if not at once, surely a year or
two after they are laid.

do I want something new and better?

If you do this you will surely buy Amatite. No
progressive man would do otherwise.

FREE SAMPLE

Amatite needs no attention of this kind. When
you have finished nailing it on your roof it is a
complete roof which needs no painting.

It has a top surface of real mineral matter— :
Amatite—which not only makes painting un- We should like to send you a Free Sample of

necessary but resists storms and snow better than | Amatite and illustrated Booklet telling all about
paint or coating of any kind. it. Write to-day to our nearest office and you
will Jearn something to your advantage.

It is also an excellent fire retardant.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New York Philadelphia St. Louis Cleveland
Cincinnati Minneapolis New Orleans
London, Eng.

Allegheny
Boston

Chicago
Kansas City

If You Want a Country Home or Country Property

you are invited to apply to the Real Estate Department of Country Life in America. We
have a thoroughly organized bureau, having a great many properties for sale and for rent
in all parts of the United States, and are in constant communication with reliable agents
We will endeavor to supply you with information about country property
This service

everywhere.
to approximate your conditions in the section in which you are interested.
is free to all readers of THE GARDEN MaGazINE—FARMING.

The object is to make Country Life in America the recognized national authority on
country real estate, as it is in fact, and to serve those readers of our magazine who are
In order to get an idea of your requirements it will be neces-

interested in the subject.
sary to have information on the points mentioned below.

Location, improved property or land, size, approximate price, and whether you wish |
to buy or rent. Address, Mgr. Real Estate Department, 133 E. 16th Street, New Vork. |

ee

ne ere eters

a_meenees

||

210 What do fot fone [ere EL B GoAUR) IBN ave Ae MONG May, 1908

VENS

FIREARMS

Oh when you want the business done,
By play that’s strong and steady,
Just take a look at old Slug Shot,
For that’s the stuff that’s ready.

A == ———___
{ SEA
ma

A Target shoot-

: ing is an exhil-

arating sport, indoors

or out, when you know
) your rifle will shoot
| just where you hold it.
aa Stevens rifles are just

the same perfect fire-
arm on the rifle range
or in the (gallenme
They have long been
acknowledged the
World's Best. ‘They
have more records to
their credit than all
other makes of rifles

KILLS POTATO BUGS, CURRANT AND CABBAGE WORMS

Slugs on Roses Sow Bugs Bugs on Melons

Aphis on Roses Curculio on Plums Cut Worms

Bugs on Asters Caterpillars Lice on Fowls
Tobacco Worms, &c. combined. You cover.

t the bull’s-eye and the
Is Sold By Seed Dealers and Merchants All Over America Y os ‘ 5 os,
For Pamphlets Worth Having on Bugs and Blights Write to é eZ p

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS ae

The Brewers _Repeating Gale Rifle
FISHKILL ON HUDSON, N. Y. | No. 80 is now made in .22

and .25 calibre
Perfect in material and workmanship, care-
fully tested at every point, unequalled for
straight shooting and hard hitting—the Best
Target Rifle, indoors or out, in the World.

RIFLES FOR BOYS:
Little Scout No.14, . 2.25
Stevens-Maynard, Jy... 3.
Crack Shot, oie .

Little Krag, Soe 5 $5.
Favorite No.17, . .

ee Your dealer should have genuine Stevens.
If he can’t supply the genuine, write to us and
we’ll ship prepaid, on receipt of catalog price.

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY

420 Front Street
Chicopee Falls, Mass., U. S. A.

American |
Nursery Co.

Combining:
; ea - “8 : Fred’h W. Kelsey, N. Y. C.
osu , cereus oom ies eee ne err : _ F. & F. Nurseries,

Springfield, N. J.
HE fresh, flowering things yousee here will suggest to you what is needed to make your home grounds ideal. i
V I S I T T J E ali Come ‘now, while your gardening enthusiasm is at its maximum, and begin to make selections for the proper Bloodgood Nurseries,
* planting of your suburban or country place, Planting can continue into late May and June by the large ball of Flashing, Jos ue
earth method we have invented. There will be time for youto make other visits later on, to change selections, re- x
W E ST B U RY arrange plans, etc. A special invitation is extended persons from New Tess & Long Island
NURSERIES LONG ISLAND AND SUBURBAN NEW YORK EV SEUES

For these we furnish stock based on careful study of geological conditions (soil, drainage, etc.) usefulness and Hundreds of Acres of
beauty. Hundreds of trees that save you 15 to 30 years waiting. Westbury Nurseries are located on the Jericho turnpike, a continuation of Fulton Choicest Hardy Planting
Street, Brooklyn, one mile north of Westbury, on the main line of the Long Island Railroad, with 18 trains daily—three miles from Mineola, with 50 a
trains a day. Automobile trips to the Nurseries are in growing favor, owing to the splendid roads. Material

If you can’t come, send for our new catalogue of general nursery stock, indexed and illustrated according to landscape problems. SEND FOR CATALOGUE
150 Broadway, New York

ISAAC HICKS & SON, Narserymen and Tree-Movers, WESTBURY STATION, L. I., N. Y. |

May, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 211

Cover DESIGN—The Muskmelon .

THE MontH’s REMINDER Bots ac Wee eae On eee
ALL THE PERENNIAL LARKSPURS WoRTH GROWING
Wilhelm Muller
Photographs by N. R. Graves, E. M. Boult, and others
THE BrEsT BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN TREES P.J/. Berckmans
Photographs by H. E. Angell, J. H. McFarland, and others ‘
Four PLANS FOR A 75 X 125 Fr. PLOT» » PC. ILE

THE VITAL Pornts oF MELon CutturE . E. D. Darlington
Photographs by the author and others

GROWING WALNUTS FOR PLEASURE AND Prorit J. W. Kerr
Photographs by C. H. Miller and others
GarDEN Toots THAT Reatty HE Lp, II. J. L. Kayan
Photographs by the author
CARE OF AN INCUBATOR SN PREMENG LE oe: dea,
AILONG=BEOOMING SHRUB . = °. . «. « « « %
WHE LARGEST FLOWERED VINE ...... .

CONCERNING QUALITY IN BEANS. . ... .

THE NEGLECTED VEGETABLES Rie eoirty ©
Photographs by H. B. Fullerton
CookING OKRA AND BRUSSELS SPROUTS

PEANUTS GROWN IN Kansas... .
‘Photographs by the author

5 (O. dal, Iai:
. Viola McColm

PAGE
213

214

217

220
2

225
227

228
228
229
229
230

230
232

Nathan R. Graves

PAGE

EROTECHINGMEHOTBEDS WITH NIATS©. =. - . 4 . 1) . ss =2g2
THE TROUBLES OF HARDY FLOWERS W.E. Pendleton 234

Waar To Do witH THE EasTER AZALEAS Marian Williams 234
Photograph by the author

THE SUMMER RUSH BEGINS . Thomas J. Steed 236
TEN ROSES FOR CENTRAL TEXAS i Be Beck= 228

THE OLDEST FLOWERS IN CuULTIVATION—II. THE WALLFLOWER

Thomas McAdam 240
Photograph by J. P. Troy

iE CAvprras) CENIHNARY Gls. 6 s. : 242

EGGPLANTS FOR SMALL GARDENS . -I.M. Angell 244
Photograph by the author

WoO Wsoss, \WWie@ IBieimy iy WSF 5 55 8 6 6 pe lk MIS
SPRING PASTURES 18,15; 18, — DEO

PRACTICAL GARDEN CosTUMES FOR WOMEN
Cora A. Stafford, Mary W. Ritchie 252

FEEDING THE YOUNG CHICKS F. H. Valentine 254
TESTING SEED IN THE INCUBATOR él, J, Gs), DISS

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copryricut, 1908, ay DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents

H. W. LANIER, Secretary S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

Foggy morning in the Japanese Tea Garden, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco

Garden Like the Japanese!

Make the most of limited space, copy nature’s irregular outlines, use a few good
trees, shrubs and plants, not many poor ones, and your home grounds will be as pleas-

OUR FREE BOOK ing as those of the Japanese, with their superior gar-

TELLS HOW

our experience in application of Japanese principles to American gardening.

dening arts. “Gardening Lessons from the Japanese,’
beautifully illustrated in colors; contents most practical—

2 clumps Japanese Iris, two colors, leading varieties, large size; | Japanese Maple

(dwarf), blood-red leaves, 12 to 18 inches high,best ONLY $2.00 FOR 7

variety; | Japanese rose, 14 feet high, strong, best

variety; Iclump Japanese variety of Peony; large size; JAPANESE PLANTS

1 Japanese specics of Berberis Thunbergii, strong, 10 inches, 2 years old, bushy, bears

red berries; | clump Japanese Variegated Grass, large size.

These seven plants, express prepaid, for only $2 to any point east of
Denver; $2.50 west of Denver and to Mexico. Book, “Gardening Les-
sons from the Japanese,’’ with each order—or free on application.

AMERICAN AND JAPANESE NURSERY CO.
1521 Old Frederick Road, Baltimore, Maryland

THE WORLD’S FINEST
NURSERY PRODUCTS

Shade and

4 No home is complete without these two necessities. We
Fruit Tree

carry a large variety. Ask for prices.

Boxwood We have the finest collection of tpis pgujar
imported in this country; Bushes,Pyc@mnid
Hedge Blocks, Edging and Topfp
ety; anybody interested should-qte
plant Boxwood Gardens.
Their brilliant cflored, fofiagefplaces th

S 3
ee c class) Every G Sea eOsition for

fAhe country.

excefledicg e
and Jagavtability to our climate and soil, the

SCOTCH PINES
AUSTRIAN PINES

We have upwards of 50,000 of these beautiful trees, from
one to four feet. Ask for prices.

Surpasses all other plants of its class for hedges. Its thor-
ny nature ensures its safety from being browsed by ani-
mals and its brilliant Autumnal foliage and beautiful red
berries make a charming display during the winter
months. We have upwards of 150,000; ask for prices.

Berberis
Thunbergii

Consult our Landscape Department if you intend to
beautify your grounds.

The McAdoo Tube Trains in Hoboken connect with the White Line
Electric Cars which pass our Nursery.

Visit Nursery. Ask for catalogue 25. 5
NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

212

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Children like Ivory Soap. They
take to it as ducks do to water.

It floats—that is one reason why
they like it. They cannot quite get
it into their little heads why it floats;
but they know it does. And that
suffices.

Ivory Soap .

994460 Per Cent. Pure.

BY THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. CINCINNATI

It does not irritate their tender
skins; and it yields a soft, smooth,
creamy lather that takes the dirt
away and makes their hands and
faces so pink and white that even
father notices it and says, “My! My!
How clean you are this morning.”

May, 1908

Meenas

~The Garden Magazine

Von Wien.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

MAY, 1908

} ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Before Danger of Frost Is Past

FTER warm weather comes there is
sure to bea frost. Find out from local
records the latest date. Don’t plant tender
vegetables or set out bedding plants before
that. A checked plant never fully recovers.
The tender vegetables are beans, corn,
cucumbers, eggplants, melons, okra, pepper,
pumpkin, squash, sweet potato and tomato.
None cf these can stand even a light frost.

It is all well enough to risk a few hills
of corn and beans for the extra early crop,
for if frost threatens you can cover the
plants with newspapers.

The only sure way to get early vegetables
is to have hotbeds and coldframes. There’s
no use in trying to rush the season by early
planting out doors.

KITCHEN GARDEN AND ORCHARD

Whenever any young plant in vegetable or
flower garden collapses suddenly in May or is
eaten off close to the ground, cutworms
are at work. Dig them up and kill them.

If you grow cabbages, you will want to
know how to insure them against cutworms.
Order from your seedsmen a few dozen
“cabbage collars,” explaining that you
want the papers which market gardeners use
by the thousands to foil cutworms.

Look sharp for currant worms.
them with hellebore.

As soon as the petals fall from the apples
and pears spray with Paris green, London

Control

purple, or other arsenical poison, for the

codling moth and pear slug. Plant lice
and psyllas appear on pear trees as soon as
the leaves unfold and should be sprayed
with kerosene emulsion.

Many people consider arsenate of lead the
best arsenical poison to use in spraying
all chewing insects, because it never burns
foliage and is not easily washed off by the

rain. Slug shot is often used for the cab-
bage worm.

It often costs more to hire a man to cut
brush for ‘peas than to buy wire trellis,
which is neater.

Did you know that there are varieties
of cowpeas bred especially for human food ?
If you have a big garden, why not sow half
of it to cowpeas? ‘There is no cheaper way
to fertilize it and, incidentally, you will get
all the cowpeas you want for eating and
for green manure next year.

THE LAWN

After the grass has gotten well started it
is often unsafe to use nitrate of soda, but pul-
verized sheep manure can be used then.
Some people prefer it to stable manure for
lawn dressing because it is free from odor
and weed seeds. It comes in barrels and a
barrel of it is said to contain as much plant
food as four wagon loads of stable manure.

The time to prune all spring blooming
shrubs is just after they finish blooming.
Only the autumn bloomers are to be pruned
in early spring before the leaves appear.

The grand old elms of New Jersey are
dying wherever the elm leaf beetles are at
work. Nowis the time tocombat them. Why
not unite with your neighbors and get a
spraying expert with a motor spray to
save your trees?

There is a tool for trimming and edging
lawns which runs along like a lawn mower.

Sharpening a lawn mower is a tedious
job unless you have one of those sharpeners
which you attach to the blade, so that the
machine will sharpen itself as you push it
along the sidewalk. It costs about a quarter.

THE FLOWER GARDEN

The most important flowers to study
during May are the Darwin Cottage and other
late tulips, pansies, German iris, hybrid
azaleas, lilacs, and flowering crabs. ‘These
are the ones that have the most varieties.
Do you know where you can see the biggest
collection of the flower you are the most
interested in? If not, ask the Readers’
Service Department. After the spring rush
is over, nurseries are glad to have visitors.

Perhaps 90 per cent. of the flowering
shrubs and trees bloom in June.

The best scheme we know of for rear-
ranging plants in a hardy border for unin-
terrupted succession and perfect color
harmony is the one explained in April, 1906,
on page 145.

Which of our native flowers do you
suppose has given rise to the greatest num-
ber of varieties in cultivation? Phlox
undoubtedly. A Scotch nurseryman offers
48 varieties.

If you want to know all about propa-
gating your own tulips from the offsets
which you find now when taking up your
early or bedding tulips, read THe GARDEN
Macazine for November, 1906, page 190.

The Baby Rambler is only a cluster rose
and has small flowers, but so far as display
is concerned it is the best of the bedding
roses because it has a longer season of bloom
than any other. It really gives a good show
all summer and autumn till frost comes.

The most “fun” in connection with flower-
beds and window-boxes is not in compli-
cated and freak designs but in getting novel
plants. The shape of beds and window-
boxes has to be conventional, but the plants
in them ought every year to present a new
picture. If you want a change from the
everlasting coleus and cannas, consult the
catalogues of the seedsmen who also offer
tender plants for beds and boxes in varieties
that local florists do not always have, e.g.,
moonyines, jasmines, gardenias, musk plant,
thunbergias, browallias, sensitive plant, Oth-
onna crasstfolia, Gazania splendens, etc.

The latest novelty in veranda boxes is
a self-watering flower-box said to require
attention only twice a month.

We have long been waiting for a chance
to publish an extended article on “Plants
for Shaded Places,” but have not yet been
able to find the space. However, we shall
be glad to put any facts we have at the dis-
posal of those who are especially interested,
and will take the pains to describe fully the
problem they have to meet.

THE SPRING-PLANTED BULBS

Thousands of dcllars are squandered
every spring on cheap lily bulbs and peony
roots that lie dormant a year or never grow.
People will never learn that these are best
planted in the fall. If you must plant them

_in the spring get big bulbs or big roots from

a reliable dealer and pay a fair price or you
will surely be disappointed.

Gladioli are the most accommodating
of the spring-planted bulbs. For July
bloom they can be planted in April, or as
soon as plowing begins and they can be
had all through August and September by
making one planting in May and another
in June. The bulbs are so easily kept in
storage that they have been planted as
late as July 4th, blooming in late September
and even in October after several light frosts.

Of all the tender bulbs for spring planting
the most important are gladioli, cannas, and
dahlias. But there are a lot of other attrac-
tive flowers in this class. The most inter-
ing “round-up” of them that we know of
is in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for April and
May, 1907, pages 156, 157, and 232-234.

SAIS MEMS SST

4
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All the Perennial Larkspurs Worth Growing—By Wilhelm Miller,

WHY THEY ARE THE MOST POPULAR BLUE FLOWERS AMONG HARDY PERENNIALS,
THE ASTONISHING CONCLUSIONS REACHED BY RECENT INVESTIGATORS CONCERN-
ING THE SPECIES THAT HAVE GIVEN RISE TO THE FAMOUS HYBRID LARKSPURS

[Epiror’s Nore.—This is the seventeenth of the “ Little Monographs” which attempt to show what species are the best in each genus, and why.]

| Pee perennial larkspurs are undoubt-
edly the most popular blue-flowered
hardy plants. And no wonder. ‘The spirit
of the flower is aspiration itself, witness
the towering spikes and the colors of
the sky. “For two weeks in July the
larkspur is the queen of the hardy border.
And in the fall larkspurs give another good
show of color though the spikes are not
then so large and perfect. Interest in the
larkspurs now centres in the hybrids, most
of which bear the names of prominent people.

The points of a good hybrid larkspur
are: densely flowered spikes; many blossoms
open at the same time; large individual
flowers; rounded sepals; ability to stand
without stakes; and above all good con-
stitution, which implies resistance to blight.

Six species are commonly said to have
entered into these hybrids, but the con-
clusions reached by the latest monographers

The single flowered form of the modern hybrids.
Spike sometimes two feet long

are so astonishing that I have had the types
traced from authentic pictures so that
anyone may judge for himself this season
which ones have been the most important
in the evolution cf the best garden varieties.

gry “Xs
(ZZ \

t

Showing the peculiar structure of the larkspur
flower. The five large showy parts (one spurred) are
the sepals. There are generally only four small petals

But first we must understand the structure
of a larkspur flower, which is very interest-
ing. The five showy parts are not petals,
but sepals, although they perform the
function of petals, i.e., attracting insects.
One of these sepals has a long spur.

The true petals are generally four, and
the two upper ones have colorless spurs
which run back into the spurred sepal.
These upper petals are really nectaries,
and the function of the blue spur is doubtless
to keep bees from getting at the nectar
by a short cut without cross-fertilizing the
flowers. .

The two lower petals are generally notched
and bearded so as to suggest the hind legs
of a bee at work in the flower, whence the
name “bee larkspur.”

I. THE HYBRID LARKSPUR OF BOTANISTS

It is quite likely that D. hybridum of the
botanists is not in cultivation, and that
the nurserymen use this name collectively
for the hybrids that have originated in
cultivation. The true hybridum is dis-
tinguished from all others species mentioned
in this article by having leaf-stalks that
sheathe about the stem. Its leaves are
many times parted into linear segments.
The flowers as first pictured were only
three-eighths of an inch across. ‘There was
once introduced a crimson flowered form
of it known as var. puniceum. It is greatly
to be hoped that this can be recovered, on
the chance that it may prove to be easier to
grow than the other red-flowered species.
D. hybridum grows wild in Asia.

TI. THE LARGE-FLOWERED LARKSPUR—
GRANDIFLORUM

The other perennial larkspur with leaves
divided into many linear segments is D.
grandiflorum, which is often said to be the

214

species that is chiefly responsible for the
large individual flowers that the hybrids
possess. The flower of grandiflorum was
depicted as one and three-fourth inches
across as long ago as 1760. On the other
hand, it has only six to nine flowers in a
loose cluster, which cannot be called a spike.
It came originally from Siberia.

The most famous variety of it is the
Chinese larkspur. In other words, D.

-Chinense of the nursery catalogues should

be called D. grandiflorum, var. Chinense.
This variety has never been distinguished
by any characters of botanical importance.

The gardeners are pretty well agreed that
it is dwarfer and has larger and more numer- —
ous flowers. It commonly grows one to —

one and one-half feet high, while grandi-
florum may be two and one-half feet. __

The unique merit of the Chinese larkspur
is that it will bloom earlier and give more

The double garden larkspur is more massive and
lasts better

May 1908

Grandiflorum

flowers the first year from seed than any other
perennial larkspur. To get a fair show
of flowers by August it is best to sow the
other species indoors in March, but the
Chinese larkspur will be covered with flowers

Larkspurs used for natural gardening. Plant in
clumps against trees

on Independence Day from seed sown out-
doors in April. It probably has more of
the ever-blooming habit than the other
species, for the variety known as Blue Butter-
fly begins to bloom when the plant is only

Cheilanthum

Cheilanthum
FLOWERS OF

Elatum a

LEAVES OF THE IMPORTANT LARKSPURS

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

\ :

Elatum

nine inches high and under favorable con-
ditions will continue until frost.

lil. THE MYSTERIOUS FORMOSUM

I could scarcely believe my eyes when
I read a statement by the latest monogra-
pher of the whole genus (Huth) to the effect
that the true D. formosum is practically
unknown to gardens. The man who first
described it (Boissier, 1856) says that it is
unique in having golden hairs on the upper
petals, as well as the lower ones. All the
famous old colored plates that call them-
selves D. formosum are referred by Huth
to D. cheilanthum.

Moreover Huth describes a D. formosum,
var. centiflorum which he says is “‘the most
beautiful of all delphiniums, but gardeners
are little acquainted with it because it was
introduced into cultivation comparatively
late.” It will be difficult for any gardener
to believe that the best species of the genus
—one with a hundred flowers in a spike
and each flower two and one-half inches
across — could remain comparatively un-
known to cultivation after once being intro-
duced. It is native to Armenia.

IV. THE BIG-LIPPED LARKSPUR —
CHEILANTHUM

The name D. cheilanthum rarely, if ever,
appears in catalogues to-day, yet if Huth
is right it is to this species that we must
attribute practically all the plants sold as
D. formosum. The original description
of D. cheilanthum, made in 1820, is founded
on two pictures, from one of which I have
reproduced a single flower, showing the
prominent beard on the lower petals. This
flower was a small one—about three-
quarters of an inch across. Later pictures

Exaltatum

215

Exaltatum Hybridum

THE MOST IMPORTANT LARKSPURS

that call themselves cheilanthum show
flowers an inch and a half in diameter
and in 1838 we get in Sweet’s “British
Flower Garden” a variety with a dozen
flowers on a spike nine inches long. The
leaf which I reproduce here is not from the
picture of 1769, as that shows one of the
upper leaves and we must always be on our
guard against these in Delphinium, since
they are not characteristic. The leaf I
show is from Sweet’s picture, which he
calls D. cheilunthum, var. multiplex and
my readers will instantly recall this as the
most familiar type of foliage among peren-
nial larkspurs. The leaf is usually five-
parted.

Huth says the tradesman used to offer
a D. cheilanthum, var. formosum. It is
quite possible that this got shortened in
the trade to D. formosum and I can testify
that the specimens which the New York
Botanical Garden got from American seeds-
men under this name are really cheilanthum,
for the golden beard on the big lower lip
of this flower is unmistakable. This

NY Y
oy
SRO

SSX

Grandifiorum Hybridum.

216

species is native to Siberia and the plants
grow about three feet high.

V. THE TALL EUROPEAN LARKSPUR —
ELATUM

The long spikes that we often find among
the hybrids are generally supposed to be de-
rived from the tall European larkspur
(D. elatum), a plant that ordinarily grows
about five feet high. The earliest good
picture of it (1756) shows a spike sixteen
inches long, containing more than forty
flowers, each five-eighths of an inch across.
The nurserymen sometimes brag of spikes
three feet long. The reader must brace
himself for another shock, for in the “Cy-
clopedia of American Horticulture” Davis
says of elatum. “It is probable that all,
or nearly all, the plants sold here under
this name should be called D. exaltatum.”

VI. THE TALL AMERICAN LARKSPUR—
EXALTATUM

I do not see how anyone can confuse the
tall larkspur that grows east of Nebraska
with the European species. True, they
both have small flowers in long dense spikes,
but look at the leaves! The European
species (elatum) generally has a five-parted
leaf, while the American (exaltatum) is
generally three-parted. But it is still more

TPG I

significant to compare the width of the
divisions. The wedge-shaped divisions
of exaltatum seem highly characteristic.
The leaf and flower of exaltatum that I
reproduce are from Philip Miller’s “ Diction-
ary,” 1760, which shows about twenty-five
flowers, each five-eighths of an inch across.

E’en Homer nods, and Nicholson in his
“Dictionary of Gardening” is clearly mis-
taken in making elatum a mere synonym
of exaltatum. For, even if the European
and American plants should be considered
the same species, the name elatum must
be given the preference since it dates from
1753, while exaltatum was not described
until 1789.

We ought to know more about the tall
American larkspur. I shall be grateful
to any who will send me plants from the
wild for my garden. I should like to know
the merit of this species as compared with
elatum and particularly whether it is more
resistent to blight.

THE RED AND ORANGE LARKSPURS

There was great excitement in 1855 when
the scarlet larkspur was introduced and
again in 1870 when the orange larkspur
was brought into gardens. Hitherto peren-
nial larkspurs were confined to blue, purple,
and their derivatives, including lavender

GARDEN MAGAZINE

May, 1908

and white., The two new species seemed
to promise every other desirable color,
for yellow is easily derived from orange.

Unfortunately these species, though per-

ennial in California, will not survive northern -

winters. They can be made to bloom the
first year by starting seeds indoors in March,
but if one could get fresh seeds in August
it would probably be best to sow them then
and winter the plants in a coldframe.

Both species have a sort of tuberous
root and after flowering the plants die down
to the ground. The dried roots have been
offered by bulb dealers, but have not given
uniform success. I have as yet found no
indication that anyone has succeeded in
crossing these species with the tall peren-
nials.

The cardinal larkspur (D. cardinale)
is usually considered the better species as

the flowers open wide (one and one-half

inches) while those of the orange larkspur
(D. nudicaule) remain partly closed. They
are also smaller and in looser clusters.
These species should be grown in sandy
soil and it might be well to lift the roots
after flowering and lay them on or near
the surface of the ground under a coldframe
in order to imitate the rainless Californian
summer. Mr. E. D. Sturtevant says that
the roots endure great drought and become

The tall spikes of the larkspurs lend a unique character to the garden

te

May, 1908

as brittle as pipe stems, yet start readily
on the arrival of the rainy season. A big
mass of scarlet larkspurs three to seven
feet high in California is a memorable
sight, but in the East we commonly get
miserable little plants a foot or so high
bearing only a few flowers.

THE MAY-BLOOMING LARKSPUR — TRICORNE

A May-blooming larkspur ought to be
of considerable interest, yet I know only
one nurseryman who catalogues our native
D. tricorne. Yt usually grows only a foot
high and bears six to ten purple, rarely
white, flowers each a little more than an
inch in diameter. The rockery is a better
place for rare plants with tuberous roots
than the border, because in the latter situa-
tion when the tops die down, the roots are
easily ruined by a careless stroke of the hoe.

THE PALE YELLOW LARKSPUR

There is no golden larkspur, and un-
fortunately the pale yellow larkspur (D.
Zalil) belongs to the same cultural group
as the Californian species, although it is
a native of Afghanistan. It is a freer
bloomer than the other tuberous kinds but
is inclined to bloom itself to death. There
is an exquisite colored plate of it in The
Garden (English) for 1896, showing flowers
one and one half inches across and two dozen
in a spike. It has been known to attain

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

a height of five feet, but few people make
it average more than two. It would be
a great achievement to cross this species
with a white-flowered perennial larkspur.
D. Zalil is often sold under the name of
D. sulphureum, but there is no-excuse for
confusing them. D. sulphureum is a worth-
less species growing only three to six inches
high and having only three to five flowers
in a cluster.

THE MUSK-SCENTED LARKSPUR —
BRUNONIANUM

The musk-scented larkspur (D. Bruno-
nianum), according to the Botanical Maga-
zine, “is remarkable for the very powerful
odor of musk, which is not peculiar to this
species of the genus, but exists in other
high alpine plants which form a peculiar
group, with large half-closed membraneous
flowers, whence the mountaineers errone-
ously suppose that the musk-deer feed upon
them, thereby communicating the peculiar
odor to their glandular secretions.” The
flowers are blue, with dark centres, about
one and one-half inches across and about
five blossoms on a stalk. The plant grows
about a foot high, is tuberous and comes
from Thibet at an altitude of 14,000 feet.

A GUIDE TO THE SPECIES

For those who wish to determine which
species have played the most important

2A7

part in the evolution of the hybrids I give
the distinctions between the six species on
which the latest monographers (Huth and
Davis) lay most stress.

A. Seeds scaly.
3B. Leaf stalks sheathing at base .. hybridum
BB. Leaf stalks hardly dilating at

KASS oa cdcageoseod6ons0S formosum
AA. Seeds decidedly winged.
B. Lower petals 2-lobed ........ elatum

BB. Lower petals entire or undulate
or slightly 2-lobed.
C. Fils.very large: spurs 4 in. long,
often longer than sepals ... grandiflorum
3

CC. Fis. smaller: spurs 2 to 2 in.

long, about as long as

RAIS. Hu oo dosauvel4bce cheilanthum
AAA. Seeds irregularly wrinkled, hard-
IM, SRINEECho obo oto ee oe oOnO ne exaltatum

Unfortunately, the doubles produce few
seeds or none and therefore I add the follow-
ing key, based almost wholly upon the
original descriptions:

A. Lys. many-times parted.

B. Petioles sheathing at base..... hybridum
BB. Petioles not sheathing........ grandiflorum
AA. Lys. usually 5-parted.
B. The petals all bearded....... formosum

BB. The lower petals bearded.
C. Spikes many-fld.: fls. small. . elatum
CC. Spikes fewer-fld: fis. large ... cheilanthum
AAA. Lys. usually 3-parted......... exaltatum

[NotE. Next month the culture of peren-
nial larkspurs will be given in jull, and in
July the annual larksfurs will be treated.|

The Best Broad-leaved Evergreen Trees—By P. J. Berckmans, c#«

THE FOURTH OF A SERIES OF HORTICULTURAL MEMOIRS BY THE DEAN OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY AND OF SOUTHERN
FLORICULTURE, WITH ACCOUNTS OF MANY IMPORTANT PLANTS INTRODUCED TO CULTIVATION BY HIM

HE list of broad-leaved evergreen
trees is very limited, especially in
varieties suited to sections north of Washing-
ton City; therefore reference, in this article,
applies mainly for the middle and lower
South, and even there we find but few sorts
that can be strictly classed as trees, the
bulk of the broad-leaved flowering species
being properly included among shrubs.

First of all is that noble tree so appro-
priately called Magnolia grandiflora. There
is no hardy tree in cultivation, whether in
the United States or Europe, that equals
this in its magnificent proportions as to size
of tree, broad shiny foliage, or enormous
white flowers. It is native to the middle
sections of the South, where it is usually
found in rich, low, or swampy woods where
water often stagnates for long periods.
Nevertheless it grows to huge size upon rich
high grounds where it is the most valuable
of our native flowering trees.

Many of these magnolia trees are taken
from the woods and if the branches are
severely cut back and all the leaves removed
they transplant very readily, but seldom
grow as rapidly or with equal symmetry as
do nursery-grown trees. The latter have a
better root system because they have been
transplanted once or twice and if defoliated
they recuperate easily after removal. Pot-

grown trees, no matter how small, should
always be preferred to field-grown specimens
of Magnolia grandiflora.

In 1851 the writer planted an avenue
goo feet in length, taking one-year-old pot-
grown seedlings not over ten inches high.
Some trees produced their first crop of flowers
four years afterward.
and to-day many of these trees are sixty
feet high. They annually yield myriads of

The western live oak (Quercus chrysolepis) branches
lower down than the eastern species

Not a plant failed —

their snow-white flowers. Not long ago a
Northern gentleman who has a Southern
winter home planted five miles of road on
his estate with Magnolia grandiflora. ma

There is considerable variation in_ this
tree both as to foliage and flowers. In some
specimens the leaves are very large, three by
ten inches, and with a brown pubescent
under surface. These usually produce the
best flowers both as to size and heaviness of
petals, the blossoms sometimes measuring
ten to twelve inches in diameter.

In other trees the foliage is narrower,
more or less undulating and pale green
beneath, while the flowers may be only
four inches across. A tree was found in

Laurens County, Georgia, with leaves
measuring fifteen inches in length and
flowers of twelve inches in diameter. ‘This

tree was taken from a low swampy wood
and transplanted in high sandy loam where
it is growing luxuriantly, thanks to the liberal
plant food it is receiving.

In the Middle South, the flowers begin to
expand early in May, in some instances by
the middle of April, but the full harvest is
from the middle of May until the end of
June. A few flowers are found during
the following months and occasionally as
late as October, but this is more of a rarity
than a rule.

218 THE ‘GARIDIE IN eM AGAZMING

After the flowering period the cones soon
grow full size, three by five inches, and at
maturity the large scarlet seeds gradually
part from cones and remain suspended for
a week or more by tiny filaments.

There are several forms cultivated in
European nurseries and also in a few South-
ern nurseries. As these are usually grafted
and grown in pots or tubs and seldom reach a
very great height, they are therefore very
desirable for wintering in conservatories
in sec‘ions where the tree requires protection.
The largest flowered form is var. gloriosa
with flowers measuring sometimes fourteen
inches in diameter when stretched to their
full extent. This plant has large and heavy
foliage, is very floriferous and plants only
three feet high often produce flowers.
Oxoniensis, Gallissonniere, Preecox, Double
Nantais, are all improved forms of more or
less dwarf habit that sometimes bloom the
second or third year from the graft.

The northernmost place where the Mag-
nolia grandiflora can be grown successfully
is Washington, D. C. A few isolated trees
may be found in unusually favorable situa-
tions as far as Philadelphia, but there they
struggle for their life.

The odor of the flowers is pleasant, and
not foetid as stated by some authors. The
magnolia is a voracious feeder, its roots
extending to great distances, and therefore
should be liberally fertilized with stable
manure, especially when grown in tubs.

The swamp bay, Magnolia glauca, is a
very desirable tree that attains fifty to
seventy-five feet. It is found in great
abundance in low or swampy woods in the
South where it retains its glossy green foliage
permanently, but it becomes shrubby and
more or less deciduous northward until in the
latitude of New Jersey it is entirely without

May, 1908

Sweet bay ( Magnolia glauca ) flourishes farther North than the large-flowered bay but becomes a deciduous
shrub in New Jersey

its foliage during winter. In May and June
its relatively small white flowers, two or three
inches across, emit a delightful fragrance.
Young plants of healthy growth collected
from the woods transplant with less loss
than larger sizes, but in every instance
the leaves must be removed and branches
well shortened in. Rich, moist soil is
necessary; many failures have resulted from
transplanting this beautiful tree to unsuit-
able soil. JI lately saw several trees of

this variety growing in a very low and

Magnolia grandifiora. the most beautiful evergreen flowering tree of the South, is frequently cut for Christ-
mas decorations. It becomes deciduous in the North and grows with difficulty at New York

rich bottom land that measured fifty feet
in height and more than eighteen inches in
diameter of body. They were of very
straight growth.

Next in importance to Magnolia grandi-
flora, and equally as beautiful but of an
entirely different character, is the live cak
(Quercus virens or Virginiana), whose
habitat is confined to the lower districts of
Virginia and to Florida. The early English
Colonists fully appreciated its value as a
shade tree, evidences of which are found
in the cld estates of the lower South.
Many of these early plantings have attained
gigantic proportions. ‘Their height is seldom
greater than sixty to seventy feet, but the
branches attain an enormous spread so that
this tree is classed among the largest of
our native forest trees. In the low country,
trees are often literally covered with Spanish
moss (Tiallandsia usneoides) whose pendent
habit and hoary gray color convey a most
funereal aspect. Northern tourists who have
visited the cemetery of Bonaventure near
Savannah are often impressed with the
weird feature which these moss covered trees
lend to that place. Small trees transplant
fairly well whenever taken from the woods
providing the leaves are removed.

Another very handsome evergreen ocak
which has lately been introduced from
Japan and which bids fair to become a very
valuable addition to the limited number of
our evergreen trees is Quercus vulgaris,
better known as Q. acuta, with long oblong
lanceolate leaves of glaucous hue and
lighter green beneath. Whether or not this
will be hardy north of Washington I have
no knowledge; but wherever it is suitable
it will surely be a handsome tree.

The Spanish cork oak (Quercus Suber)
is now occasionally found South. In 1858
the United States Government distributed

May, 1908

through the Patent Office a large quantity of
acorns. ‘These were mainly sent South, and
some of the trees raised from them have
now attained a height of fifty feet and a
diameter of four feet, but so far there is not a
single instance of its spongy bark having
been found sufficiently large to be utilized
commercially. The cork oak forms a round
headed tree with almost glabrous leaves.
As it is difficult to transplant, the acorns
must either be planted where the tree is to
remain permanently, or they may be planted
in pots and the seedlings afterward set out
without disturbing the ball of earth. Lately
the United States Department of Agriculture
has advocated taking some of the earth
from under old growing trees for use when
transplanting younger trees, the idea being

_to inoculate the fresh earth with certain

organisms which make it possible for the
young roots to get into proper contact with
the soil. The cork oak is an excellent avenue
tree, likely hardy at Washington and even
farther North. It requires strong clay soil.
In the Loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus)
we have a very handsome tree which often
attains a height of seventy-five feet. This
is found very sparingly in low marshy woods
and young plants taken from such localities
transplant with great difficulty. The only
successful way is to grow plants from seeds,
cultivating them in pots for at least two
years, when they can be transplanted in rich
soil, but then they never grow to the pro-
portion of trees found in the marshy woods.
They seldom become more than large shrubs.
The leaves are narrow, dentate, and dark
glossy green. The flowers are pure white,
two or three inches in diameter and pro-
duced in moderate quantity during June to
September. Owing to the scarcity of the
seed, few trees are found in cultivation.
Another native tree found in the rich
shady woods of the middle sections of
Georgia and South Carolina and southward is
the red bay, sometimes also called bull bay
(Persea Carolinensis) which attains a height

The camellia introduced to Charleston in 1808 is one
of the most popular flowering evergreens

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The live oak (Quercus virens ) draped with the moss
(Tillandsva usncoides) gives a weird effect

of from thirty to forty feet. The leaves are
lanceclate, smooth and deep green, glaucous
beneath; in July the greenish white flowers
are produced in cymose clusters and are
succeeded by small blue drupes, which are
retained through the winter and are cer-
tainly to be considered as a great addition
to the merit of this handsome evergreen tree.
It should always be planted in very rich, and,
if possible, moist soil.

The first camellia that was brought to the
United States reached Charleston, S. C.,
in 1808 and the original tree is still in fair
condition. It has reached a height of more
than twenty-five feet. . While this is perhaps
the only specimen that has reached this
height, we may justly consider the camellia
a tree, although the average varieties of this
beautiful species must be classified as shrubs
as they assume a more or less compact
habit and reach a height from five to twenty
feet’ according to variety.

The old Charleston tree is of the typical .

Japanese species (C. reticulata), producing
an abundance of bright red colored single
flowers, two to three inches in diameter,
and during several weeks from March to
May it is a magnificent object.

Our native hollies atone for their incon-
spicuous greenish colored flowers by their
abundant bright scarlet berries, which are
retained during winter and give a color not
foundamong any other of our native evergreen
trees. These also transplant badly unless a
few inches high and unless all leaves are
cut off.

Japan has given us many horticultural
treasures but the only broad-leaved evergreen
trees coming from that source are privets
(species of Ligustrum). L. Japonicum at-
tains a height of thirty feet at the South and
is largely planted as a shade tree; its broad
green evergreen leaves, two by four inches,
are its greatest merit. It has broad loose
panicles of very small white flowers which
open in spring but the odor is sometimes
objectionable, as is also the case with
the closely allied Japan tree lilac. How-

219

ever, the flowers last only a short time and
are followed by numerous dark black-blue
berries which remain on the tree during
winter. It is hardy as far north as Phila-
delphia where, however, it becomes a shrub.

The best forms with variegated leaves are
var. excelsum superbum with light yellow
variegated leaves and var. marginatum
aureum with leaves edged yellow. Both
grow to a height of fifteen feet or more and
are similar to the type in both inflorescence
and fruit.

The Japanese evergreen thorn, Photinia
serrulata, reaches a height of twenty-five
feet if trained to a single stem. It is con-
spicuous for its dark green serrulated leaves
about four inches long, which assume a
bright red tint in autumn. During April,
at the South, each branchlet is terminated
with a large corymb of very minute white
flowers giving this tree a striking effect.
It is hardy as far as Washington, D. C., but
does not there attain such proportions as
farther South.

An evergreen tree very often found in the
Middle South is the Carolina cherry (Prunus
Carolimana). It is known under many
local names as wild orange, mock orange,
Gloria Mundi, etc., and often called by
nurserymen Cerasus Carolinensis. It grows
thirty cr forty feet high, is of compact habit,
and has dense dark green foliage. In early
spring it is covered with short racemes of
very small white flowers having the fragrance
of bitter almonds; it is valued for both street
and lawn planting and is often found in large
thickets. It produces great quantities of
black berries which germinate freely. The
wood of this tree is equal to mahogany in
color when polished. It is not hardy north
of Lower Virginia.

We have also quite a number of Japanese
oaks which retain their foliage through the
winter but few specimens ever grow beyond
the dimensions of large shrubs, and so are
not considered here.

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In the warm regions the privet (Ligustrum Japonicum)
is a handsome evergreen berried shrub

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Four Plans for a 75x 125 Ft. Plot—F. C. Leible, sx

THE SEVENTH OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES ON THE “‘CHEAPEST GARDENS FOR THE SMALLEST
LOTS,’’ EACH OF WHICH GIVES FOUR SOLUTIONS COSTING $25, $50, $75, AND $100 RESPECTIVELY

| ere February I explained why a
depth of 125 feet is the minimum
for a lot upon which a family can live with
decency, comfort, and health. Suburban lots
that are 125 feet deep are commonly 25 feet
wide, and are usually sold in blocks of not
less than two or three. Consequently, the
75 x 125 ft. plot is a favorite one for people
who have from five to eight thousand dollars
to spend upon house and grounds.

A person ought to spend about 5 per cent.
of the entire amount for house and grounds
upon the outdoor features. This would be
a minimum of about $200 for a place that
is designed to be attractive throughout the
year, in which the trees and shrubs are
choice kinds arranged in accordance with
the principles of landscape gardening.

I. THE CHEAPEST SOLUTION: $25

The only value of the first plan is that it
indicates roughly what you can get for $25.
There is nothing either in the choice of the
shrubs or their arrangement which I would
particularly recommend. It would be
much better to have a continuous belt of
shrubbery lining both sides of the lot and
extending clear across the back so as to
hide the back fences. Such an arrangement
is suggested in the third plan, and instead
of spending $25 and scattering the trees
about the lot in such a manner as shown
in Fig. 1 (which is the sort of thing most
people do), I strongly recommend that

you take a plan like No. 3 and work

toward it, planting what you can afford quire no special care after planting except

this year and a little more the next year.

II. A SHRUBBERY COLLECTION FOR $50

The second plan is a good one for people
who are not particularly interested in
gardening, because it consists only of trees
and shrubs which are permanent and re-

pruning, which anyone can do a little at a
time after each shrub has flowered. Al-
though the plan is not as good as No. 3
because it does not provide a continuous
belt of shrubbery, it has the merit of giving
a fair succession of flowers, as particular
thought has been given to having some-

OD

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. Two plane (Platanus occidentalis).

. Six Japan quince (Cydonia Japonica).

. Six shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa).

. Three bush honeysuckle (Lonicera Tatarica, var. graci-
lis).

. Three golden leaved ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius
var. lutea).

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6. Three Japan oleaster (Eleagnus longipes).

7. Seven red flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum).

8. Three white fringe (Chionanthus Virginica).

9. Three red osier dogwood (Cornus sanguinea).
ro. Three mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius).
zz. Two common catalpa (Catalpa speciosa).

12. Two flowering ash, (Fraxinus Ornus).

1. An effective planting at the small price of $25

. Two American linden (Tilia Americana).
. Twenty-five Japan virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).

. Forty Hall’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica, var. Halliana).

5. Ten Waterer’s spire (Spirwa Bumalda, var. A. Waterer).

. Three Japan snowball (Virburnum plicatum, var. tomen-
losum). :

7. Seven Japan barberry (Berberis Thunbergii).

9. One Persian lilac (Syringa Persica).

zo. Two rose of Sharon (white) (Hibiscus Syriacus).

11. Two golden bell (Forsythia suspensa).

12. One Xanthoceras sorbifolia.

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4. Six pearl bush (Exochorda grandiflora).
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6

13. Two lilac (Syringa wulgaris).
14. Eight dwarf deutzia (Deutzia gracilis).
1s. Two deutzia (Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of Rochester).
16. Two Japan lilac (Syringa Japonica).
17. Eight abelia* (Abelza floribunda). E
18. One Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera Tatarica).
to. One sorrel tree (Oxydendrum arboreum).
20. Three coral berry (Symphoricarpos vulgaris).
21. Three rugosa roses (Rosa rugosa).
*In cold localities substitute for Abelia either Spirea Bum-
a)da var. A. Waterer or the so called blue spirea (Caryopteris
mastacanthus),

2. A simply planted garden of flowering shrubs, costing $50

220

thing in bloom each month from May to
October. i

The distinctive feature, however, of the
second plan is that the lot is surrounded by
vines, Clematis paniculata on the front and
back and Hall’s honeysuckle along the
sides. Both of these vines can be grown
high enough to furnish complete privacy.
But for the average city or suburban lot, it
would be better to omit the vines in the front
yard, leaving the front lawn an open one.

WI. SHRUBS AND PERENNIALS FOR $7 5

The third plan is the best of them all so
far as arrangement goes and is best suited
to a family that is fond of flower gardening.
No provision has been made for a vegetable
garden. I believe that an average of about
one hour’s work each day would keep the
place in excellent condition. There are
plenty of vines for the house and there is a
good show of flowers in front of, and around,
the veranda. The shrubbery forms a
continuous border in the back of the lot
and might well be extended clear across the
north side of the lot.

The most effective way to grow perennials
is to put them against a background of shrubs
rather than in beds in the middle of the
lawn. The reader can see at a glance

May, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

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. Two American elm (U/mus Americana).

. Ten aralia (Acanthopanax pentaphyllum).

Six Adam’s needle (Yucca jfilamentosa).

Five deutzia (Deutzia crenata. var. Pride oj Rochester).

Three rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus).

Four Japan buddleia (Buddleia Japonica).

. Four silver bell (Halesia tetraplera).

Four Persian lilac (Syringa Persica).

, Four bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor).

. Three Be hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, var. grand2-
flora). ,

12. Four buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).

13. Five weigela (Diervilla florida, var. candida).

14. Three mock orange (Philadel phus coronarius).

15. Eight weigela (Diervilla hybrida, var. Eva Rathke).

16. Twenty pompon chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Indi-

cum).
17. Forty-one tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata).
to. Six baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata).

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20. Six torch lily (Kniphofia Pfitzerit).
21. Six bush clematis (Clematis Davidiana).
22. Ten swamp rose mallows (Hibiscus Moscheulos).
23. Six oriental poppy (Papaver orientale).
24. Eight perennial phlox (Phlox paniculata).
25. Six beard tongue (Pentstemon barbaius, var. Torrevi).
26. Two perennial sunflower (Helianthus multiflorus, var.
flore pleno).
27. Five Chinese peony (Peonia albiflora).
28. Nine heliopsis (Heliopsis levis var. Pitcheriana).
29. Six larkspur (Delphinium formosum).
30. Twelve meadow sweet (U/maria rubra, var. venusta).
31. Four Japan virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).
32. Twenty-seven perennial phlox (Phlox paniculata).
33. Fifty German catchfly (Lychnis viscaria, var. splendens).
34. One white birch (Betula alba).
36. One sweet gum (Ligquidambar styraciflua).
37. One silver linden (Zilia argentea).
8. One pin oak (Quercus palustris).

38.
39. One sugar maple (Acer saccharum).

8. Shrubs and perennials, all for flowers. Cost, $75

where these perennials are massed, as small
circles indicate the position of the peren-
nials while the shrubs are indicated by
larger and fluted circles.

Most beginners make the mistake of trying
to grow too many kinds of perennials and
having only one of a kind. The result is
that they get a spotty effect and many of
the plants die the first season. For nobody
can learn how to grow everything in one
year. The artistic way to do is to use
fewer kinds and to mass them in groups of
a dozen or so. The minimum for artistic
effect on a lot as small as this would be half
a dozen plants of a kind.

I have also presumed that some one iu
the family would like making a collection
of some particular kind of flower and there-
fore I have indicated a collection of chrys-
anthemums along the south side of the
house. Each one of these might be a different
variety and labels could here be used without
spoiling the general effect of the place.
In front of the chrysanthemums I have
specified a row of tickseed (Coreopsis
lanceolaia), which is one of the very best
flowers for cutting because it has a very
long season of bloom and the flowers are
borne on tough wiry stems. Such an arrange-
ment would enable the owner to have flowers
by the armful to give away at any time
for two or three months during the summer
time.

Iv. GARDEN OF HOLLIES FOR $100

At first sight, it may seem absurd to
specialize to such a degree as this but the

genus Ilex comprises an _ extraordinary
variety of forms which nobody but a botanist
would ever suspect of family resemblances,
and hollies are here supplemented by other
shrubs in such a way as to furnish attrac-
tions the year round.

Few pecple realize that we can grow

. Three American holly (I/ex opaca).

Eight small leaved holly (J/ex crenata).

. Four inkberry (lex glabra).

Five winterberry (Ilex verticillata).

Four large leaved winterberry (Ilex monticola),
Three smooth winterberry (Jlex /@vigatia).

Three Piedmont winterberry (Ilex decidua).

Three mountain holly (Nemopanthus fascicularis).
Three andromeda (Pieris floribunda).

. Three photinia (Pholinia villosa).

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991

American holly trees full of red berries all
winter long in our own yards even in the
North. Yet this is entirely practical if
we take care to plant them in a northern
exposure, strip off all the leaves at time of
transplanting and secure both staminate
and pistillate plants.

All the evergreen members of the holly
family are chiefly massed along the north
side of the house in this plan, but the
important point is. that they must be
planted in a position where they will
have partial shade and protection from
the prevailing winter winds. In cities the
houses are commonly close enough together
to furnish such protection. The bulk
of these evergreens is the Japan _ ink-
berry, Ilex glabra (No. 3 in the plan),
which has rather pretty black berries in
the winter.

The deciduous hollies with red fruits are
commonly known as winterberries and in
spite of the fact that they lose their leaves
in winter, they present a very brilliant
spectacle until January or February. Some
of these I have massed near the ever-
greens so that they will have an effec-
tive background, and others I have set
against a background of taller shrubs.
These winterberries are Nos. 4 to 8 in
the plan.

This may sound as if the idea of winter
attractions were somewhat overdone, but
I think anyone who would try such an
arrangement would be more than delighted.
There is no reason in the world why North-
ern yards should be bleak and uninteresting
for five-twelfths of the year.

Anyone who wishes fuller particulars
about the appearance of these hollies and
their culture, will find them in the article
“All the Hollies Worth Growing” in the
December, 1906, GARDEN MAGAZINE. ~

11, Three dwarf horse chestnut (2sculus parviflora).
12. Three red osier dogwood (Cornus sanguinea).
13. Two mock orange (Philadelphus pubescens).

14. Three snowball (Viburnum opulus).

15. Seven Japan barberry (Berberts Thunbergit).
16. One mountain ash (Sorbus Aucuparia).

17. Three buttonwood (Platanus orientalis),

18. One American linden (Tilia Americana).

19. One Norway maple (Acer platanvides).
20. Three kerria (Kerria Japonica).

4, A unique garden for a collection, all hollies. Cost, $100

Emerald Gem is unequaled. Dark green skin, not netted; salmon flesh. Ripens close to the skin leaving almost no rind

The Vital Points of Melon Culture—By E. D. Darlington, 2%,

SWEET, AROMATIC MUSKMELONS CAN BE RAISED IN THE HOME GARDEN, EVEN IN THE COLDER SECTIONS
IF THE RIGHT VARIETIES ARE SELECTED AND THE SOIL PROPERLY PREPARED —HOW TO TELL A GOOD ONE

ee it is a generally accepted
idea that muskmelons can be grown
only on warm, sandy soils, I will show you
how fruits of the finest quality can be raised
under quite different conditions in your own
garden. A little extra care in the prepara-
tions for planting and a proper selection
of varieties will accomplish wonders.

The melons offered in our markets during
the summer months and which have been
grown on the warm, sandy soil of the coast
line are notoriously poor in quality and
deficient in flavor, contrasting strongly
with the fine flavored and aromatic fruits
which come from the Far West and from
cooler locations in September. This lack
of flavor is due partly to the planting of
hardy, extra early sorts, and partly to the
efforts made to get them to market at the
earliest possible date. I have eaten much
finer melons in Northern New York than
any I have ever found on the warm, sandy
soils of South Jersey or the Delaware Penin-
sula. But a melon ripened on the vine and
eaten where it is grown, is very much superior
even on these warm, light soils to anything
you can find in the city markets.

As a general rule the green-fleshed sorts are
firmer in flesh than those having the salmon
or orange-colored meat. Therefore choose
green-fleshed sorts for warm, light soils.

On the other hand, the salmon or orange
fleshed sorts are much richer in flavor and
aroma. These quickly become over-ripe,
soft and mushy when grown on warm soils,
but are very near perfection in muskmelons
when grown in a cool location. There is
an exception to this rule in the variety Ford-
hook Salmon-fleshed, which originated in

southern New Jersey, and resists heat, has
firm skin and flesh and the spicy flavor
of Emerald Gem. I have seen a fully
ripened fruit thrown on the ground from a
height of five feet without breaking open.

The quality of the melon on the table
depends largely on the good judgment of
the person gathering the fruits. Experi-
ence, after all, is the best teacher, but the
knowledge is easily acquired. Many vari-
eties become heavily netted and change
color slightly as they ripen, but the novice
must be guided chiefly by the stem where
the fruit joins the vine, for as the melon
begins to ripen the fruit cracks away from
the stem and quite frequently there is a
drop or two of reddish juice exuded at the
edge of this crack. If a fruit is suspected
of ripeness give it a gentle pull or twist,
and if ripe it will separate readily from the
stem; but if still firmly attached it is too
green for use. A melon which has to be
cut from the vine and which has a portion
of the stem attached (as in the early ship-
ments from the South) can never be ripened
into a palatable fruit.

After the fruits have been gathered from
the vine, the best test for the critical stage
of ripeness and flavor is the sense of smell,
as the aroma given off by a properly ripened
melon is a sure indication of its flavor; con-
versely no aroma means no flavor.

In warm sections or hot weather gather the
fruits as soon as they will separate from the
vine and finish the ripening by storing
them in a cool, well aired room away from
the sun; in cool weather let them remain
on the vine until fully ripened.

The difference of flavor between first-

222

class melons is not so very great provided
well-grown and perfectly ripened specimens
of each are compared. There are, however,
marked differences in season. The very
earliest of all is the orange-fleshed Emerald
Gem, and it also has the advantage of being
the finest flavored. Netted Gem (or Rocky
Ford as it is sometimes called) is the
earliest of the green-fleshed melons, maturing
perhaps about a week later. Jenny Lind,
(green-fleshed) is earlier than Netted Gem,
but is not otherwise so good, being smaller
and not quite so highly flavored.

As the season advances there are several
varieties which may be selected according
to one’s fancy, and their respective merits
may be easily grasped by a study of the
table herewith.

The earliest varieties are a week to ten
days earlier than the mid-season sorts and a
like period elapses between the mid-season
and late varieties. That is, from plantings
made at the same time, the ripening of the
first and latest fruits would be from two to
three weeks apart under average conditions.
The small-fruited, early sorts will ripen off
the whole crop more quickly than stronger-
growing, later sorts, where the vines are not
cut off by blight. The average time from
planting is about three months.

Melons do best on a soil well drained,
but containing a good supply of decayed
vegetable matter or humus. A warm, sunny
slope or southern exposure is preferable, but
not essential, if other conditions are favorable.
Excellent melons can be grown on a sloping
hillside, no matter what the exposure; but
the crop will be earlier with the greater
amount of sunshine. Low, wet ground

May, 1908

leads to an extra strong growth of vine and
foliage with a larger and quite insipid fruit.

A stiff and heavy soil can be improved by
making large hills one and a half to two
feet across, raised four to six inches above
the surrounding surface and mixing a liberal
quantity of sifted coal ashes or clean sand
with the soil in the hills. The raised hill
gives good surface drainage during heavy
rains, while the ashes or sand make the
soil more loose and open so that the young
vines root more deeply.

The essential in melon culture is a deep
root system with an abundance of small,
fibrous roots. Therefore, a hole a foot or
so deep is first dug or scraped out where the
hill is to be and a large shovelful of well-
rotted compost or manure is placed in the
hill and covered with about four inches of fine
loose soil in which to plant the seed. Make
the hills four to five feet apart each way to
allow the vines room to spread. If a little
extra trouble is taken to thoroughly mix the
manure or compost with the soil and to loosen
up the subsoil in the bottom of the hole before
planting, a stronger and quicker growth
of the vines will be the reward. In some
of the older melon-growing sections there
is so much trouble with blight, which comes
just as the melons are ripening, that market
growers have found it preferable to broad-
cast their manure on the land and plow it
under, using commercial fertilizer in the hills
to give the vines a quick start. This, how-
ever, is chiefly applicable to warm, sandy
soils, the rotted manure or rich compost
being better for heavier soils.

Nothing is gained by very early planting,
and, indeed, flavor is frequently lost, on ac-
count of the checked and weakened growth
of the vines that are started before the nights
become warm. A safe rule to follow is to
wait until the trees are fully out in leaf and

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

PLANTERS’ GUIDE TO VARIETIES
Green-fleshed Melons

NAME SIZE SHAPE | SKIN | SEASON | FLAVOR
JennyLind| Small | Flat- | Heavily | Very | Fair
tened netted early
Netted Gem] Medium | Moder-| Netted | Early | Fine
or ate to
Rocky Ford slightly
oval
Acme or | Medium} Oval | Netted | Mid- | Fine
Baltumore season
Model Medium | Oval | Netted | Mid- | Fine
Matchless season
LongIsland| Large | Round| Heavily | Mid- | Fine
Beauty netted | season
Montreal Very | Round] Netted | Very | Excel-
Nutmeg large late lent
Salmon cor Orange-fleshed Melons

NAME SIZE SHAPE | SKIN | SEASON | FLAVOR
Emerald Small Flat | Smooth | Earliest] The
Gem dark o: all | finest
green
Osage or | Medium] Round} Dark | Early | Supe-
Miller’s | to large green |to mid-} rior
Cream slightly | season
netted
Burrell | Medium | Oblong] Dark Mid- | Supe-
Gem green | season| rior
; netted
Fordhook | Medium | Flat- | Heavily | Mid- | Supe-
tened | netted | season| rior
Tip Top | Medium | Round} Smooth | Mid- | Fine
to large pale season
green
Strawberry] Large | Round} Golden, | Late | Fine
or XX netted
MesCarmes} Very | Round| Smooth,| Very | Rich
large very pale] late | musky
green aroma

223

the thermometer stands at 60 degrees at
night before planting the seed. Then plant
eight to ten seeds in the carefully-prepared
hill and cover them one-half to one inch
deep with fine soil. A few radish or turnip
seeds planted in the hill at the same time as
the melon seeds make an excellent safe-
guard against the small black fly which at-
tacks the seed leaves of the young melon
plants. These seeds germinate before the
melons and the insects attack them in pref-
erence.

When the young melon plants show two
or three true leaves thin the young plants,
leaving only the best two in each hill; at
the same time pull out the radish or turnip
trap plants if these have been sown. After
thinning, work up the soil about the plants
into a fine loose condition and slightly draw
up the earth around the stems of those plants
that have been left to grow. A small hoe
or hand weeder can be used in loosening
up the earth in the hill, but most of this
first working around the plants is best done
with the fingers, as, while the entire surface
should be made as loose and fine as possible,
the young plants must not be disturbed any
more than can be helped.

As the plants develop keep the soil
between the hills constantly worked with
the horse or hand cultivators both to keep it
always loose and to prevent weeds from
starting. This can be done easily as the
raised hill does away with any danger of
covering the plants with soil thrown up by
the cultivator. The soil in the hills must
also be kept loose and open, however, by
frequent hoeings, either before or right after
cultivation with the larger cultivator. The
latter is preferable as there will be a smaller
space to work by hand following the culti-
vation and the plants can be left in better
shape.

Button strain of Jenny Lind.

the projection at the blossom end

Extra early with concentrated sweetness in

Green-fleshed Hackensack, handsomely netted. Extra Early Hackensack and
Long Island Beauty are improved strains

224

Re
be

Paul Rose or Defender, oblong form, slightly netted; takes on golden tinge
when fully ripe. Thick salmon flesh, superior flavor

Continue cultivation as long as it is
possible to work between the rows without
injury to the vines. ‘They are quite tender,
and bruising or crushing the vine in any
way is likely to result in the loss of the
entire plant. Should one of the vines be-
come bruised or broken cut it off with a
sharp knife and the remainder of the plant
can probably be saved. In soils liable to
bake to a hard crust or in very weedy ground,
cultivation can be kept up longer if the vines
are laid carefully to one side, the soil loos-
ened and the vines than returned to
their original position. This can be done
until the fruits are
about as large as
a baseball, after
which time do not
disturb them un-
less the vines are
blown about by a
heavy wind, in
which case they
should be re-
turned to their
original positions
as soon as the
weather permits.

In working
about the young
vines during the
early stages of
growth, the later-
als should be ar-
ranged to cover
the soil as com-
pletely as possible,
radiating from the
hill as a centre
like the spokes in
a wagon wheel,
and if some of the
vines show a tend-
ency to grow too
long, the end of
the shoot can be

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

pinched off, which will encourage the growth
of side shoots or branches. This can be
done without any loss in fruiting, as in
nearly all muskmelons the fruits lie closely
about the hill. After the vines have the
soil well covered, any large weed that may
appear can be pulled out by hand.

Insects and diseases incident to melons are
largely periodical in their attacks, being more
prevalent in some seasons than in others, and
in my experience are chiefly troublesome on
warm, sandy soils or the typical melon
soils of the large market growing centres.

After the small black fly which eats the

Netted Gem, the leading commercial melon; also known as Golden Jenny and Rocky Ford

May, 1908

Acme (Baltimore and Anne Arundel), distinguished by neck at stem end.
Golden yellow skin; flavor of Netted Gem or Rocky Ford

young seed leaves, the worst insect enemy
of the melon plant is the aphis or melon
louse which attacks the young foliage in
great numbers, turning the leaves black
with their sticky excrement. They cause the
leaves to curl up by sucking the juices.
Tobacco waste spread under the vines or
fine tobacco dust scattered on the leaves
is a good preventive, but when a vine is seen
to be infested with lice it is best to pull it
up and burn at once to prevent the pest
from spreading. I have seen these insects
spread across a large field in a clearly
marked line, like the shadow cast by a
cloud on a sum-
mer day, when the
main portion of
the field could
have been saved
by carefully de-
stroying the vines
on which insects
first appeared.
The striped
squash beetle
sometimes trou-
bles the melon
patch, cutting
the vines, the foli-
age and skin of
the fruits. There
isno remedy. The
blight is discussed
on another page.
My advice is to
plant a good area
with melons each
year and take the
chances of getting
a good supply of
fruits, changing
the location to
fresh soil each
season as a safe-
guard against in-
sects and disease.

White or butternut Cordiformis (Japanese)

Growing Walnuts for Pleasure and Profit—By J. W. Kerr,

Persian (English)
SIX WALNUTS WORTH EATING. ACTUAL SIZE

California black

Sieboldiana (Japanese)

Common black

Mary-
land

THE REAL FACTS ABOUT THE PECULIAR MERITS AND DEMERITS OF THE SIX DIFFERENT WALNUTS BY ONE
WHO HAS DEVOTED A LIFETIME TO THE STUDY OF NUTS—WHAT THE AMATEUR MAY DO WITH THE TREES

gee different species of walnut growing

at the present time in North America
are six in number. Of these four are
natives — the black walnut, the white walnut
or butternut, the California black walnut,
and the Mexican walnut. Add to these
two foreigners, the Persian walnut (com-
monly misnamed English), and the Japa-
nese walnut, and the list is complete.

The common black walnut must stand
first in consideration from the fact that of all
the species it is most valuable for its timber.
Its nuts, although a market staple, are too
low in price to be considered as an asset by
the man in whose lot or fields stand a few
walnut trees. Yet the nuts are delicious,
rich, and full-flavored, and they would
surely be missed by the children of the
country. Well made molasses taffy, full of
black walnut meats, rivals any French bonbon.

THE SIX SPECIES

The black walnut grows abundantly
through the East and Middle West, but
it only appears occasionally in the extreme
South. Almost any soil suits it and I have
seen big, fine trees on heavy ironstone,
slate, and sandstone soils, and on heavy,
medium, and light sandy loams. Disease
and insect pests do not touch it.

In appearance the tree is more upright
than spreading, very clean and vigorous in
growth, and a joy to the tree-lover’s eyes
for its stately beauty. The timber is one
of our finest hard woods, and brings a high
price because of its use in the making of
high grade furniture and fine interior
finishing.

Some small and scattered efforts to improve
the black walnut have been made, but they
have been by selection alone and amount
practically to nothing. Propagation either
by grafting or budding requires a much
higher standard of skill and judgment by
the operator than the propagation of fruit
trees. Annular budding is the usual method
of propagation. The tree grows fast and
freely and comes into bearing at ten years

of age, bearing thereafter every year, but
alternating light and heavy crops.

Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the states
of the Middle West furnish the principal
market supply, and the method of preparing
the nuts for market is very simple. -After
they are gathered they are left in heaps on
the ground until the thick outer hull begins
to rot. These hulls are then rubbed off
by hand or the nuts may be put through the
corn-sheller, a quick and satisfactory way
of getting through a dirty job, since the
hulls are full of black dye. After the nuts
are hulled, they should ripen for a few
weeks in a dry place, when they will be
ready for market or for eating. They do not
bring a high price, as I have said, but every
man who owns a piece of land that is big
enough, should plant a few walnut trees
in the pasture or along the fence rows for
the enjoyment of his family.

The white walnut or butternut grows
mostly in the mountainous sections of the
Northern states, and shows a _ decided
preference for a moist soil. The tree is
less stately in appearance and more irregular

Sieboldiana Butternut
Common black

in habit of growth than the black walnut
and its timber is not so valuable. Yet
the tree is not unattractive and its wide-
spread branches offer an inviting shade.
A fine butternut tree stands a little way
inside my meadow gate and I notice that
my photographer friends usually want to
get some views of it.

The nuts of the white walnut are longer and
less round than the black, with a very rough,
corrugated exterior, and thick shells, diffi-
cult to crack. The outer shell is compara-
tively thin and easy to remove and practically
falls off of itself when the nuts are ripe.
The meat is rich and oily, nothing extraor-
dinary in flavor, though the Vermont native
esteems it a delicacy.

The commercial value of the white walnut
is so slight that nothing has been done
toward its improvement. Sentimental rea-
sons are the only ones for its propagation,
and it is far from easy to propagate, too.
But if you must have a few butternut trees
to take to plant on the farm to remind you
of your youth, you will find root-grafting
or tongue-grafting the preferred method.

|

California black
Cordiformis

The different walnuts vary merely in the proportion of hard shell and edible meat

225

226

We never see, in the Eastern markets,
the nuts of the California black walnut,
but on the Western coast they enjoy con-
siderable popularity. They are not so
large as our Eastern black walnut, but they
are shaped much the same. In color they
are a light brown, about the same as the
Japanese species, and the outer surface is
entirely free from the roughness that is
so noticeable in both the black and the
white walnuts of the East.

The appearance of the tree is handsome;
it is larger and more rank in growth than
our black walnut, and is very valuable
for timber. MHorticulturists of the Western
Coast have paid some slight attention to
the improvement of the species yet nothing
notable has been done. The real value of
the California black walnut is the vigor
and rapidity of its growth, and the size and
stateliness of the tree.

If you want to make money, the species
of walnut to grow is the Persian, commonly
called the English, walnut. In localities
where it can be grown it is a good paying
crop, but—it will met grow anywhere
and everywhere. It is less hardy than our
native species and prefers the mild climate
of our Southern and Southern Middle states
on the Eastern seaboard and also the sunny
Pacific Coast. A noticeable peculiarity
is that it succeeds best when adjacent to
large bodies of water. In localities suffi-
ciently mild but not near water it is not
profitable. Wherever it is grown it must
have a strong, rich soil.

The tree is not so attractive in appearance
as the native species, and in orchard culture
it does not grow to a great size. Yet iso-
lated specimens are often seen that
are described by the school-boy’s happy
phrase, —“great big, aw/jwl big, and
bigger ’n that!” .There are several Per-
sian walnut trees in Caroline County,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Maryland, that measure two feet or more
in diameter.

The nut is so well known as to need no
description. Our largest crop comes form
California where it is grown commercially
more than anywhere else in America. The
method of harvesting is easy, as the outer
hull cracks open and the nut may be at once
picked out. The Persian walnut is a heavy

.bearer in its favored localities, and bears

early — sometimes in three or four years.
Propagation must be by grafting or budding
if one wishes to preserve varieties, as seed-
lings are bound to vary. The method of
cultivation is easy; if an orchard is planted,
it may be put in grass. Single specimens
for the garden require only such care as
given to a fruit tree. Renshaw and Rush
are two of the hardiest varieties.

Because the Persian walnut represents
a good market crop, considerable attention
has been paid to its improvement with
benefit to the size and quality of the nut
and also to the hardiness of the tree. Large
size nuts of excellent quality and thin shell
are now grown successfully in Central
Pennsylvania and even farther North. It
certainly is a paying crop for the regions
where it can be grown, and just because
it cannot be grown everywhere gives it
every prospect of being a paying crop for
many years to come.

The newcomer among the walnuts is
the Japanese of which the two species,
Sieboldiana and cordiformis, have become
well known among horticulturists, though
the layman is still ignorant of them. Some
fifteen or twenty years ago the first Japanese
walnuts were brought to the Pacific Coast,
and from thence have been widely dissem-
inated over the United States.

It makes an interesting tree, this Japanese
walnut, and a very ornamental one for
lawns or large grounds. Even the most

As an ornamental tree, the butternut is by no means unimportant

May, 1908

careless observer notices it, for it is semi-
tropical in appearance when in full leaf,
regular and upright in habit with spreading
branches and a smooth gray bark. The
general character of the tree and the manner
in which it bears its nuts indicate a close
kinship with the American white walnut.
The nuts however, are produced in much
larger clusters, as many as seventeen having
been counted in a single cluster. As a
further evidence of its affinity with our
white walnut it crosses very readily with
that species.

The nut is not so large nor so dark as
the white walnut, but has a smooth, light
brown exterior and is easier to crack. The
two different species grown in this country
vary from cylindrical to heart-shape. The
hulls come off readily and where the walnut
is grown commercially they are scalded to
hasten the loosening of the hull, a very
successful method which does not hurt the
nut. The kernel is rich and oily like the
white walnut and has much the same flavor.

Propagation of the Japanese species up
to the present has been mostly from seed.
An interesting experiment in hybridizing the
Japanese and white walnut has resulted in
a modified butternut with shell thinner
and softer than the parent butternut, but
as large in size.

It is only fair to say that there does not
seem to be a great future for the Japanese
walnut as a market crop. It is too easy to
grow, as it will thrive in almost any section
of America and on any good, well-drained
soil. At present it is grown but little com-
mercially and compared with the commen
black walnut commands a high price.
But it is so fatally easy to grow and pro-
duces such big crops and bears so early —
three years from graft — that a few orchards
of it would swamp the markets and bring
prices to nothing. As an ornamental tree
and a novelty it will probably become very
popular. In this connection, however, it
should be known that the Japanese is
subject to a disease, in appearance very
much like peach-rosette but not so fatal.

North of 4o degrees (north latitude) spring
is the best time to plant walnuts. South of 40
degrees walnuts should be planted in the fall.
While it is true that the butternut seems to
prefer moist situations, it is also true that
it succeeds well on uplands, hillsides, etc.,
and is not so particular about soils as was
supposed years ago. Little pruning is
necessary after the trees have been shaped
up to a desirable height for bearing and from
early spring, until in full leaf this pruning
may be done. If trees are to be raised from
seed, plant the nuts in the fall.

This article would be incomplete without
a reference to the Mexican walnut, but
briefly, it is so inferior, in appearance, in
quality of wood, and quality of nut to all
other native species, that it merits nothing
more than the mere mention ofits existence.

Therefore walnut growing may be summed
up thus: black walnuts of both East and West
for timber, white walnuts for sentiment, Per-
sian walnuts for profit, Japanese walnuts for
novelty, and Mexican walnuts not at all.

Le a nn te Ce A Ard i I A OO Act

.
:
a

bak

ro
geen

Garden Tools That Really Help, II.—by J. L. Kayan, 2

Pennsyl-

THIS ARTICLE CONTINUES THE CRITICAL STUDIES OF TOOLS FOR THE GARDENER WHICH WAS BEGUN IN THE APRIL
“GARDEN MAGAZINE” —IN THAT ISSUE DIFFERENT HOES AND SMALL WEEDING TOOLS, TROWELS, ETC., WERE DISCUSSED

ji ANY machine that will perform in
one hour work which has previously
occupied ten is to be regarded as a really
great invention, then I claim that the wheel
hoe deserves to rank among the great in-
ventions of the age. It not only reduces
the actual time in cultivation by nine-tenths,
put it entirely eliminates the drudgery inci-
dent to the use of the hand hoe in its seem-
ingly almost hopeless task of destroying
the weeds, and the particularly trying con-
ditions when done in the glare of the
midsummer sun.

The importance of cultivation can hardly
be over-estimated, but the trouble of doing
it under the old-fashioned style is so great
that the gardener is often tempted to do as
little of it as possible. On the other hand,
persistent cultivation makes weeds an
unknown quantity and promotes the growth
of the crops because ‘‘cultivation is ma-
nure” to a larger extent than most people
suppose.

Persistent and early cultivation, provided
it can be done easily, means a great deal,
because it takes four times as much labor
to kill weeds four inches high as it does when
they are just starting. Under really clean
cultivation they are never allowed to more
than show. After each rainfall the soil in
every part of the garden is thoroughly stirred,
which not only destroys the germinating
seeds, but helps to retain soil moisture by
making the dust mulch. In dry weather
the soil must be thoroughly stirred at least
once a week to maintain this mulch; under
such weather conditions, the hoe is of much
more service than a watering-pot, and the
garden can often be carried safely through
a protracted drought by constant stirring
of the surface. Cutting off weeds or scrap-
ing the surface half an inch deep is not cul-
tivation. The soil must be stirred and
pulverized to a depth of two inches.

It is primarily in relieving the labor of this
cultivation that the wheel hoe can be of
much service to the amateur. Yet it has
a wide range of other possibilities. Besides
giving tooth or hoe cultivation to growing
crops it can be used to mark rows, to open
furrows, cover seed, rake, earth-up or
hill, to edge flower beds, even to clean
paths, and in the form of a combined tool,
can be used to sow seed in hills or
drills. There are two main types of this

4. Rakes with teeth for-
ward; light cultivation

3. Reverse rakes to
break crusted soil

double
I prefer the latter as being the higher

tool — the single wheel and the
wheel.

development which, with its attachments, is
shown in Fig. 1, the attachments being
arranged in the order of their importance.
Front views of the separate attachments

1. The double wheel hoe and its most important
attachments, arranged in order of the general use-
fulmess. Front views of attachments, in reversed
order, shown above. (References in text)

being shown in the top of the illustration,
but in reversed order. These can be bought
separately and added one at a time to the
equipment.

My experience with the tools recommends
this outfit: Double wheel hoe with one pair
of leaf lifters (c); one set of four cultivator
teeth (21); one pair of 6-inch hoes (18);
one pair of plows (20); and if the soil is a

2. For cultivating with hoes between wide planted
rows, set the wheels inside the frame (@). Set the
fenders towards the plants (b) for working rows of
seedlings

5. To throw up soil be- 6. Reversed plows for filling

fore handling celery furrows. Only one wheel used

clay that crusts after rains, a pair of weeders
(Fig. 10). The double-wheeled pattern
will do all the work of a single-wheeled
tool besides much that cannot be done with
the latter.

CLOSELY PLANTED VEGETABLES

The crops that require most attention are
beets, carrots, onions, lettuce, etc., and in
this connection the advantage of the double-
wheel hoe is most marked. It straddles the
row, the frame (d. in Fig. 1) allowing it to
be used over plants until they are eighteen
inches or even a little more in height. With
the tools properly set, closely planted rows
can be cultivated so that very little hand
work becomes necessary. With wider-
planted vegetables cultivation can be done
on each side of the row. As all crops do
not grow with the same spread, the rows
can be placed at different distances apart,
and the wheels of the machine are adjustable
to accommodate anything up to twelve inches
between the centres. The wheels may be
adjusted to regulate the depth of the cut
of the tools when cultivating and in some
patterns the handles are adjustable to suit
the height of the operator. The different
tools are attached or loosened by means of
a clamping nut. With the exception of the
cultivator teeth all tools are made in pairs,
rights and lefts.

HOW TO USE THE WHEEL HOE

This tool does its work best when it is
pushed forward with a series of quick
steady strokes, with a distinct pause between.
Do not attempt to push the machine steadily.
When cultivating very small plants with the
hoes, make the strokes but a few inches
long, lengthening according to the work
that is being done up to the distance of a
full -step when working among widely-
planted vegetables and using the cullti-

-vator teeth. A few trials will soon indicate

the proper and most economical way of
using the tool.

For working astride the rows of seedling
plants, set the hoes with the sides or fenders
toward the plants (Fig. 2, b.), but of course
far enough apart to clear them, and in using
the tool in this way keep the row of
plants mid-way between the wheels, walking
with one foot on each side of the row.

7. Ready to edge flower beds 8. Plows and one wheei

or cultivate young hedge for opening furrows

SETTING THE WHEEL HOE ATTACHMENTS FOR DIFFERENT SPECIAL PURPOSES

22h

228

9. No labor to cultivate growing crops where it can be done this way. Push
forward in a series of short steady strokes

The shorter the stroke the finer and more
thorough is the work.

WHAT EACH ATTACHMENT IS FOR

Hoes.— For the cultivation of plants
in close rows the 6-inch hoes (No. 19) are
used (see Fig. 2). With the hoes reversed
they can be used for loosening the soil under
the spreading leaves of lettuce, spinach, etc.,
which is very necessary in hot weather.
Six-inch and four and a half inch hoes are
made, and can be used according to the
space. For cultivating between wide-planted
rows and for clearing the soil of troublesome
weeds set the wheels inside the frame, as is
shown in Fig. 2 (a). The hoes are con-
structed so that one sets slightly in advance
of the other — about two inches — which
prevents rubbish from lodging across them
and tearing up the plants in the row.

For edging flower beds and keeping the
soil loose around a young hedge remove
one wheel and attach one hoe in line with
the remaining wheel (Fig. 7). In use
the hoes move beneath the surface of the
soil, cutting off all plants in their path,
and in action and effect are similar to the
weeding hoe No. 8 and scuffle hoe No. Io
described in the April GARDEN MAGAZINE.
The most effective way to kill weeds is by
a cutting blade rather than by teeth, for if
its leaf growth is removed as often as it starts
to grow the plant must die. I believe that,
persistently used, these hoes will kill any
weed that grows.

Plows.— The plows are made without
land slides. By being set points together
(Figs. 1 and 8) and only one wheel, they can
be used to open furrows for sowing peas
and such like, and by reversing the plows
(Fig. 6), the furrow can be filled again.
Set in the same way they will earth up or
hill peas or beans, and used on one side of
the row, a single plow is very serviceable
for throwing soil up to celery preparatory
to handling. Fig. 5 shows a combination
of plow and cultivator teeth for this purpose. |

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Rakes.—Vhese are
the best tools to give
first cultivation in
sandy soils. They are
shown attached in
Figs. 3 and 4. Their
principal use, how-
ever, Is for fining and
leveling the soil. By
setting the teeth for-
ward, they will give
light cultivation; but
reversed with the
teeth pointing back-
ward, they are valu-
able for breaking up
crusted soil and for
fining and leveling
the soil after culti-
vation. If they are
kept properly clean
after use, they will
crush the clods and
level the surface
without dragging the
soil along. °

Weeders.— These are shown separately
and attached to the machine in Fig.1o. The
five teeth are separate and detachable.
In working a crusted soil, attach the wheel
to the rear of either cultivator teeth or hoes
and they will pulverize and level the soil
after it is loosened by the cultivators. Thus
the whole operation is completed by going

10. The finger-like teeth of the weeders are sep-
arately detachable. Attached behind hoes or culti-
vators they leave a fine level surface

11. The onion harvester is useful also for clearing
paths and cutting strong weeds

May, 1908

over the ground once, whereas if rakes are
used the ground must be gone over twice.
Among the seedling plants, however, I do
not find that they work as well as the rakes,
although I think that if the teeth were set
at a different angle they would work just as
well. This I intend to experiment on this
year. Where clean cultivation is main-
tained, they will displace small weeds which
are immediately killed by the sun. Large
weeds will be dragged just the same as with
the rakes.

Onion harvester— This attachment is
shown in Fig. 11. It is not often called
for, but will be found very useful in clearing
weedy soils and for making paths as well
as for harvesting onion sets. It can be
attached to the frame and being made in
one piece is stiffer than the hoes and works
admirably in hard soils. I recommend
its addition to the equipment.

Care of an Incubator
‘Ax INCUBATOR is really of great

assistance to a person in raising
chickens for commercial purposes, for the
eggs can be hatched at any season of the
year. The incubator may be placed in a
cellar where it can be dry and have a good
circulation of pure air, or else in a room
in the house away from the heat and
drafts. An incubator must be attended to
regularly twice a day and one person only
should have charge of it. There are four
rules necessary to the successful operation
of an incubator and they are: To keep the
temperature at 103 degrees; to give thorough
ventilation of pure air; to see that there is
the proper evaporation of moisture from
the eggs; and to turn the eggs once a day.
This last is not so much trouble as many
people think. Lift the trays holding the
eggs, remove a few, slant the tray so that the
remaining eggs will roll over, and replace
the eggs you have taken out. Be sure that
the incubator you purchase has a perfect
thermometer and that there is a proper place
for the chicks to drop into after hatching.

Do not get a machine that is too cheap;

spend a little more and by doing so save
money in the end.

A Long-blooming Shrub

pe in Europe are often struck
with admiration at the Ceanothus

hybrids, which resemble hydrangeas in hav-

ing large trusses of flowers and a long period
of bloom in summer and autumn, the off
season for shrubs in general. In New Eng-
land these hybrids die to the ground every

, winter, even when covered, though new

shoots will appear and flower. A Phila-
delphian horticulturist believes the variety
Gloire de Plantieres is almost hardy there,
requiring only slight protection or none
at all in a sheltered position. Farther
north the plants might be buried in the
ground and heaped high ‘with soil, but
the surest way is to store them every win-
ter in a frost-proof pit or cellar and plant
them out again every spring.

The Largest Flowered Vine

A FREE-GROWING TROPICAL PLANT WITH WHITE AND GOLD FLOWERS THAT IS NOW AVAILABLE FOR LARGE HOTHOUSES

ROBABLY the largest-flowered and
certainly one of the most delicately
beautiful vines in the world is Camoensia
maxima, which has recently flowered for the
first time in the United States. Its pure
white, fluted petals are margined with
gold, changing to a darker tinge with age,
and have a delicious fragrance when first
opening. The individual flowers are some-
times eight inches long, which we believe
eclipses even the largest flowered hybrid
clematis. This magnificent vine adorns
the tops of lofty trees on the outskirts of
forests in tropical Africa. The clusters

are pendulous and sometimes contain nearly
a dozen flowers. Unlike the sweet pea, the
petals are separate — not forming wings anda
keel. ‘The standard is fully four inches across.

The great drawback to the cultivation of
this noble plant is that it will bloom only
in hothouses of considerable size, and
hitherto it has been exiremely slow in
coming into bloom. Plants were first dis-
tributed by Kew in 1873, but did not flower
in cultivation until 1882 when blooms ap-
peared at Trinidad. However, Mr. George
W. Oliver, propagator of the United States
Department of Agriculture, who first bloomed

The Camoensia maxima has flowers of white and gold, eight inches long. Must be grown in a high temperature

229

the Camoénsia here, thinks it ‘very likely
that this plant will flower oftener and more
profusely in this country than in Europe,
particularly in England, because of our
higher summer temperature, which enables
the plant to grow rapidly and ripen its wood.”

Mr. Oliver has succeeded in rooting some
cuttings of the Camoensia which will be
available for distribution shortly. Appli-
cations should be addressed to David Fair-
child, Agricultural Explorer in charge of
Foreign Explorations, United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Planters in southern Florida, Porto Rico,
and Hawaii ought to avail themselves of
this opportunity.

The Camoensia is named after the Shakes-
peare of the Portuguese, the poet Camoens,
author of “Lusiade.”’

Concerning Quality in Beans

aoe time to plant beans is any time after

the ground has become well warmed
in the spring, or at about the time the trees
are well out in leaf. Nothing is gained by a
very early planting, as a better growth is
made and larger and finer pods produced
if the ground is first warmed up.

Plant seeds of the bush beans thinly, and
cover from one to one and a half inches deep
with fine soil. The best growth will be
obtained where the single plants stand at a
distance of one plant about every four
inches apart in the row if the soil is rich.

The pole varieties continue bearing for
a much longer time than the bush kinds
and the pods must be gathered as fast as
they are ready for use to prolong the period
of bearing. Allowing the pods to ripen
will greatly shorten the season of production.

The poles for the running or tall-growing
beans should be planted before the hills are
made, choosing a stout pole eight feet in
length and strong enough to support the
weight of the vines without bending over
in the fall. After firming, the soil around
the pole should be scraped away to a
depth of from four to six inches and the
manure or compost placed around the pole,
covering this with a rounded hill of fine soil
in which to plant the seed.

The presence of bacteria in the soil is
an essential to success of the pole varieties
grown for snap-shorts and green shell-beans;
for where planted on new land these climb-
ing sorts frequently fail to make a satisfac-
tory growth, even when abundantly supplied
with manure. For this reason it is a good
plan to plant pole beans on the same ground
for several years. Some years ago, when
starting to grow pole beans on land where
only farm crops had been grown the growth
was very poor and unsatisfactory, but now we
can grow beans on any portion of this land,
with a stronger growth each successive season,

Pennsylvania. Bp Ow D

230 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Two Neglected Vegetables

| ee year we try something new in our
vegetable garden. It is in a warm,
sheltered spot along one end of the corn-
field nearest the house and has just the
right drainage. The rows correspond with
those of the cornfield, so that when culti-
vating the latter one way with the horse,
we can always include the garden, thereby
saving much time. Two years ago we
succeeded so well with a few hills of okra
and a row of Brussels sprouts that we
decided to plant about a quarter of an acre
of each.

By frequent cultivation and hoeing the
rows were kept fairly clean. The okra
seems to have almost no insect enemies,
although the striped beetle attempted to
sample the very young plants. Dusting
with hellebore in the early morning when
the dew was on the plants soon disposed
of this pest. As soon as the sprouts were
well started, however, the cabbage worm
made its appearance. We kept it subdued
with a lime and paris-green mixture, using
but a little of the poison at first and increas-
ing the strength. With only a few plants
it is often preferable to remove the worms
by hand.

Early in May we planted the okra, seven or
eight seeds to a hill, the hills being about
four feet apart. The plants made slow
progress at first but when the warm weather
set in, they commenced to grow vigorously.
A quantity of manure hadbeen spaded into
each hill, and shortly after the seedlings
had commenced growing they were thinned
out to three to a hill.

The most popular varieties are the Tall
Green and the Dwarf Green, and there is
also another not so well known, called the
Lady Finger, the stalks and leaves of which
are of much lighter color, and the pod, while
not as long as that of the tall-growing

Okra pods picked young may be dried in the sun for
winter use

variety, has more of abendorangle. ‘There
is no choice in taste.
The Tall Green, under favorable con-

ditions, grows to a height of about six feet.

It is an erect-growing plant and does not
spread near the ground; the bushy, spread-
ing dwarf okra grows to only half that size
and is preferable for a border. The long
and short pods are both found on the giant
and dwarf types; but we preferred the long-
podded, tall green kind because the pods
present a nicer appearance, sell easier and
look better than the short wide ones when
cut up. They are also much easier to
pick.

The first blossoms on our plants ap-
peared early in August. The flowers are
most charming, having something almost
tropical about their brilliant beauty and
wonderful coloring, which shades from a
creamy white to palest yellow, with streaks
here and there of deep rich brown. The
leaves are oddly shaped and of a dark green.
Pods soon begin to form and develop into
long, heavy, green okras. They are in
the best condition to eat when about three
inches long, for they are then young, soft,
and tender. If picked carefully every day
and the seeds not allowed to ripen, the plants
will continue to produce until late in the

The pale yellow flowers of the okra, appearing in
August, are as pretty as any in the flower borders.
The center is rich brown

season. If wanted for seed, however, allow
them to mature on the vine; they will be
from eight inches to a foot in length. The
pods may also be picked when young and
dried in the sun for winter use

We started some of the sprouts in a cold-
frame in April, and planted others outdoors
in May. The coldframe was ina warm place
just south of the house and was over eight
feet in width so that we also had lettuce,
onions, squash, radishes, etc., well started
before the sprouts were put in. The seed
was planted quite thickly with the rows
about four inches apart.

At transplanting time, the weather was
damp and cloudy, but we were careful to re-
move from the frame only a few plants at
a time and to keep the dirt firm around them.
The ground had been well spaded and raked
fine, and the seeds planted there made almost
as good growth as those in the coldframe.
After considerable hard work the trans-
planting into the big garden was accom-
plished. The rows were three and a half
feet apart and the plants were set about two
feet apart in the rows.

May, 1908

All the wide-spreading leaves with the ex-
ception of a few at the top, were pulled off
the sprouts early in September, so as to give
the tiny cabbage-like buttons plenty of sun-
light and air. ‘They were very little trouble
to pick and we sold them in strawberry boxes.
The ordinary market price was from twelve
to eighteen cents a quart, but as ours were
carefully picked over and only the best
selected, we received from eighteen to
twenty-two cents a quart. The sprouts
picked late in the fall are really the most
delicious, as the flavor is much improved
by a touch of frost. By hanging the plants
heads down in the cellar, they kept well for
some time and we enjoyed our last meal of
them the first of January. They can also be
stored in pits by covering the roots with soil
and banking with straw and dirt. If this
is done, however, good drainage is very
important.

Altogether we received $18 from our
sale of sprouts and $22 from the okra, and
we estimated our expenses at 25 cents for
the seeds, 90 cents for the insecticide, and
about $8 for our labor. We were thoroughly
satisfied from our experiment that both
Brussels sprouts and okra may be success-
fully grown with but little time and worry,
and will prove to be two profitable crops.

Cooking Okra and Brussels.
Sprouts

6 Rese eg are several methods of pre-

paring okra and Brussels sprouts for
the table. The majority of people use the
former vegetable either for flavoring soups
or stews and Brussels sprouts are almost
always boiled; but both these vegetables are
exceedingly delicious if cooked in any of
the following ways:

Okra. — Wash the pods, cut in pieces and
boil until tender. Add the okra to an equal
amount of stewed corn or lima beans,
and serve with a thick cream sauce.

Cut the pods in small pieces and boil.
When thoroughly done, serve in beef soup.
This gives a most delicious flavor. Okra
is also a very great addition to an omelette.
Chop a small quantity and stir it in before
cooking the omelette.

Cut in small pieces any left-over beef or
mutton. Make a -brown sauce, season
with onion and a small teaspoonful of curry
powder, add the meat and some boiled
okra and serve hot.

Sprouts. —Before cooking Brussels sprouts
must be washed and only the _ best
selected. Cook in salted water until tender.
If served hot with a rich cream sauce they
have very much the flavor of fresh tender
cauliflower. They are just as palatable
when served on toast with melted butter.

For baking, a thick layer of sprouts which
have been first parboiled is placed in a
buttered baking dish. Over this sprinkle
a layer of breadcrumbs and another layer
of the sprouts. Cover the top of the dish
with a thick layer of well-buttered crumbs,
and barely cover with a white sauce. Bake
in a rather slow oven until brown.

Illinois. C. Pract:

ieee

a ee

May, 1908 ¢ THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 231

a. ae

2

Right now is the very best time to set out roses.

Planted before the middle of May, C. & J. Quick Blooming Roses will start bloom-
ing in June and keep right on until frost. You don’t have to take our mere say-so.

We guarantee C. & J. Quick Blooming Roses to live,
thrive and bloom this year---or money back. ;

! These roses are all on their own roots. During our 49 years’ experience in growing roses, we
j have evolved a method which produces such thrifty root growth and sturdy tops that failure is almost ¥
impossible. And we take all the risk.

In the ‘‘Garden Magazine”’ for March and April we published lists of the most desirable Quick
Blooming Roses. Below we give a supplementary collection of

Ten Roses that will please the most critical. Price $1.50, delivered free, for entire ten.
All guaranteed to bloom this season—or money back.
Every day’s delay in ordering means a day’s loss of bloom.

Or make your own selection at 20c. each; 3 for 50c.; 7 for $1.00, delivery free. If ordered separately,
designate by number.

No. 101. Aline Sisley—Flowers large and double; color, fine violet-crimson, No. 132. Marie Van Houtte (The Gem) —Rich creamy white, finely tinted

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very fragrant. with rose, immense bloomer. qi

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No. 107 Eon Silene Lhagnlicen? Ipueky UnineRe Wicemex, Was neh No. 141. Princess Hohenzollern—Extra large flowers of delightful q

No. 111. Coquette de Lyon—Lovely canary yellow—immense bloomer ; fragrance, bright deep satiny red with pink centre. gr" i

elegant for bedding. No. 151. Killarney (Imperial Pink)—New Irish Hybrid Tea Rose—stron ;

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glo ; very nt. : imperial pink, al t kli db iful b d iption, & iy

No. 113. Duchess de Brabant—One of the finest roses for general planting. P Ac ih MBean dine aut ul bevend\deseniption Oo > :

: Color, clear pink. ‘ No. 152. Mlle. Helena Gambier—Lovely canary yellow, with deep x}
j No. 119. Lady Roberts—Most beautiful; reddish apricot passing to deep peachy-red centre, changing to creamy pink as the flowers ae se i
coppery red with orange shading. open. Very double and sweet. Ser ceria 4

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Practically all the roses worth growing—new and old—are fully described in our 136-page Color- ay 40

plate Floral Guide. Also hundreds of other flowering plants. Free. Write for a copy to-day.

This coupon is worth ten cents (@6"

We publish a booklet, entitled ‘‘ Beautify Your Yard’’ which we sell for ten cents. It is beautifully illus-
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Magazine who sends address on the coupon below.

BOX 24 E,
WEST GROVE,
PA.

Peanuts Grown in Kansas

je HAS been stated that peanuts will

grow in any latitude where Indian corn
will thrive and in this part of the country
they usually do well without any irrigation.

The common Virginia variety of peanut
with its running vines yields well and the
nuts are of good quality. The nuts of
the bush variety are of the same quality
but the crop is smaller and no earlier. We
grow both sorts; also another bush va-
riety which is earlier and was obtained
either in seed purchased on the market,
or was the result of a mixture between the
Spanish and the common Virginia sorts.
The quality of this nut is unsurpassed, the
kernels are covered with dark red skins and
many of the pods contain three, instead of
only two kernels.

The Mammoth Bush peanut has proved
with us to be a mammoth running variety
instead of a bush variety. One kernel
produced a plant that measured more
than four feet across, on which were 153
nuts. These when picked weighed three
pounds, but were so green that curing
reduced the weight to less than one-half.
This variety is very productive, the nuts are
truly mammoth, and it is the best drought
resister of the four varieties we grow, but

it was the latest to mature and the nuts

were of the poorest quality.

As an experiment we planted a small
patch with the Virginia running variety
(after the first breaking of buffalo sod) and
neither hoed nor cultivated the soil. The
vines did not make much of a growth, but
we found at digging time that they had
produced the ripest and best quality nuts.

Ground that has been plowed and finely

Harvest the crops at the time of the first killing
frost

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

pulverized by harrowing is in good condi-
tion for planting. In this locality this is
usually done about the first week in May,
because the nuts must have at least five
months’ growth before a killing frost. We
plant by hand, using a hoe, and follow a
line that has been stretched across the patch,
in order that the rows, which are three and
a half or four feet apart, will be straight.
Shell the nuts carefully so that the halves
of the kernels will not be broken apart, and
plant an inch and a half or two inches deep.
Two kernels to a hill will be sufficient, the
hills being placed two to three feet apart
in the row. Bush varieties may be planted
closer than running varieties.

As soon as the plants are up, our patch
is carefully cultivated with a two-horse culti-
vator and the spaces between the hills and
around the tiny plants are hoed. During
the summer, the patch also receives five

After the blossom fades the stalk carrying the fruit
lengthens, pushing the peanut into the ground

A mammoth “bush’’ peanut that became a mam-
moth vine; four feet in diameter

additional cultivations and one _hoeing.
After the plants have commenced to bloom
care must be taken in this work that no
vines are torn loose from the ground or any
darts cut. The first flowers appear near
the centre of the plant and extend along
the vines or branches. From the flowers
darts penetrate the soil, a nut growing at
the end of each.

Peanuts do not require very much mois-
ture, and while a long, dry spell during
July and August may lessen the yield, a
small crop of peanuts of good quality is
often produced even after a dry summer.
The vine varieties must be cultivated in such
a way that the ground will remain level,

May, 1908

The whole plant inverted and hung up to cure.
(Georgia Red Bush)

but it is necessary to keep ridging up the
rows of the bush varieties so that the soil
will be within reach of the darts on the up-
right growing branches.

Harvest the crop just before or imme-
diately after the first killing frost. Our
method is to dig them with a potato fork,
shake out the loose dirt, turn the plants
over, and leave them for four or five days
so that the nuts will cure. To avoid hand
picking, the nuts may then be flailed off with
a light stick and the trash separated by
means of a fanning mill. However, if
the nuts are picked from the plants as soon
as dug they must be cured either out of
doors or in a building having plenty of
ventilation, the nuts being spread about
an inch deep on the floor of the building.

We had 171 feet of row and the patch
was in a large field where plowing and
harrowing could be cheaply done by modern
four-horse machinery. We estimated that
it cost us exactly 75 cents to raise this crop
of nuts, which included 5 cents for team
work in preparing and cultivating the
ground, ro cents for planting, 10 cents for
hoeing and 50 cents for harvesting. We sold
one and one-half bushels of nuts for $2.25,
giving us a profit of $1.50. We took no
account of the seed because we had raised
it the year before.

Kansas. VioLrA McCoim.

Protecting Hotbeds with Mats

lants in a hotbed have to be sheltered
very often from early frosts and later in

the season from the heat of the sun in midday.
Mats are therefore made for this purpose
out of straw or marsh grass. “Make a frame
the size of the hotbed and tie on to it rope
or stout cord. On these strands is woven
whatever material is to be used, but be
sure that it is fresh and strong enough to
last for some time so that these mats will
not have to be made every year. If you
want to make your own mats read THE
GARDEN MacazinE for February, 1906,

PENSE 2.5)0 :

May, 1908 ANIL e UE ID ALIEN UIVIBAC GAZ, TNE) > ge aes Seretce wall gave 233

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The Troubles of Hardy Flowers

HAT a revolution has come since the
days of our grandmothers when
there were a thousand-and-one different
afflictions of cultivated plants to be borne
in mind with a separate “cure” for each,
no knowledge of germs and little under-
standing of principles, reasons, causes!
We now know that there are only three
great classes of enemies to be looked for and
we have a wholesale method of destroying
each class:

(1) Biting insects, such as caterpillars
and beetles, are killed by arsenical poisons
which have to be swallowed by the insects.

(2) Sucking insects, such as bugs and
plant lice, are destroyed by oils or powders
which kill by penetrating the skin or clog-
ging the breathing pores.

(3) Diseases are nearly all caused by
fungi or other germs which are usually
inside the plant attacked, so that no cure
is possible, as a rule, for badly affected
plants. The way to prevent the germs
getting in is to spray the plants early in the
season with a germicide and keep the whole
plant covered until danger of infection is past.

POISON FOR THE BORDER

The best poison for use in the hardy bor-
der is arsenate of lead. This is better for
the purpose than paris-green because it is
not so quickly washed off by the rain, and
it does not injure tender young foliage, and
the poison is more evenly distributed. You
can get a pound can of it at a local seed
store for twenty-five cents and you ought to
have some this year, if only for use against
the “rose bug,” which may otherwise ruin
your best roses and peonies. The only draw-
back to its use is that it shows white on the
foliage.

FOR THE SUCKING INSECT

It is impossible to say that there in any
one “best” remedy for sucking insects,
such as plant lice and bugs, but there are
three standard methods, all of which you
should try this year.

(1) Kerosene emulsion is a nasty and
difficult thing to prepare from experiment
station formulas, but you can get a quart
of the condensed liquid for forty cents, to
which you can add twenty-five to fifty parts
of water. This is invaluable in the warfare
against rose bugs, if you use it early in
the day while the creatures are inactive and

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

can hit them with it. It does not discolor
foliage.

(2) A strong solution of common soap is
the cheapest insecticide of this class and
when the red plant lice appear on your
plants of golden glow you can spray it
on them with an atomizer. Ivory soap is
preferred by professional florists for this
work.

(3) The chief powders are tobacco dust
and hellebore. The former is much cheaper
than the latter, and, also, in addition to its
use on foliage it can be sprinkled on the
ground to repel slugs and other insects that
live in the earth, especially plant lice that
attack the roots. It is also thought to have
some value asa fertilizer. Fine tobacco dust
costs ten cents a pound. A small gun for
distributing insect powder costs twenty cents
and an excellent plant duster eighty-five.

PREVENTION BETTER THAN CURE

The best preventive for diseases of peren-
nial flowers is ammoniacal copper carbonate.
It costs more than Bordeaux mixture but
has the advantage of not discoloring the
foliage. A quart can costs fifty cents and
will make twenty-five gallons of spraying
material.

All these materials can be had at local
seed stores or ordered from the large seeds-
men of national reputation. If you had
rather save money by buying the raw mater-
jals and mixing them yourself, you will find
all the formulas in THE GARDEN MAGa-
ZINE for April, 1907, at page 145.

The following enemies deserve special
mention:

Columbines are often disfigured by leaf
miners. There is nothing to do but pick
the affected leaves and burn them

Hollyhocks should be sprayed in April
or aS soon as growth starts. Keep the
leaves covered all the time until July with
ammoniacal carbonate of copper. If plants
are already diseased put two tablespoonsful
of permanganate of potash in a quart of
water and apply directly to the spots and
diseased leaves with a sponge, not a
sprayer or sprinkler. Burn badly infested
plants.

Larkspur.— The cause of the blight is
unknown and no cure has been discovered.
It will kill all choice named varieties in
three or four years unless you propagate
them by cuttings. Send specimens to Dr.
Erwin T. Smith, United States Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Burn
badly affected plants and spray others with
ammoniacal carbonate of copper.

Peony. — The light-colored flowers are
likely to be ruined by rosé chafers, commonly
called “rose bugs.” There is no way of
exterminating them and no easy way of
controlling them. Hand picking in the
early morning is considered the best method.
Carry a small vessel half-filled with kerosene
and drop the insects into it. Arsenate of
lead will control them if used at the rate of
five pounds to fifty gallons of water, but
the work must be done frequently and with
exceptional thoroughness.

Pennsylvania. W. E. PENDLETON.

May, 1908

What To Do with the Easter
Azaleas

E HAVE had an azalea for three
years, and while the plant has never
been repotted, it has increased in size and
has bloomed with greater fulness and vigor
each succeeding year. It remains in bloom
generally for a month, which is a far longer
period of flowering than is the case with
forced greenhouse plants.

The azalea is one of our most satisfactory
winter house plants, giving the best returns
for the least trouble. After blooming the old
leaves gradually drop off, but new leaves
soon take their places if proper care and
attention are given the plant.

The process of keeping the plant from
year to year is very simple. After it has
ceased blooming, we keep it in a light, but
not sunny window in a cool room, and when
all danger of frost is past, we plunge it, pot and
all, in the ground at the north side of the
house, where it will have only a little eastern
and western sun. The pot is surrounded
by coal ashes, which keep the soil in
it from drying out. Very little watering
is required during the summer except in
a very dry spell. ‘Too much, as well as too
little water is to be avoided.

One month of complete rest in the fall,
in a cellar or other dark place, has often
been advised for the azalea, but we always
prefer to have ours in bloom as early as
possible. Therefore, in the early fall we
bring the plant into the house, putting it at

The azalea originally bought for Easter has bloomed
in the house for three successive years

once in a sunny window where it will have
a temperature of about 60 degrees. We
water judiciously and when buds appear
the plant is placed in any ordinary living
room having a southern exposure. Each year
the plant is in full bloom —a solid sheet of
large flowers — by February 15th.

Our plant has never been troubled with
either the red spider or the thrip, but these
may appear at any time and it is well to be
constantly on the outlook for them. Syringe
thoroughly at the first sign of either of these
pests.

Pennsylvania. MariIAN WILLIAMS.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to more
235

May, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE advise parents in regard to schools

and the colors have most careful
consideration.

Before you figure-it-out, a low-price-per-gallon
paint Jooks cheapest. But let’s see:

Suppose you were going to paint; for instance, a
house like the one above. We’ll estimate the
total surface to be covered at 10,000 square feet.
We'll compare the cost of the Jazzt only—the good
paint and the cheap paint—assuming the dabor to
be the same in both cases.

Now good paint—Lowe Brothers ““High Standard”
—will cover 350 or more square feet to the gallon,
two coats, and a paint made to sell at a cheap
price per gallon or a ‘‘strictly pure hand-mixed-by-
guess” willcover approximately 200 to 250 square feet
two coats. This means that it will require 30 gallons
of “High Standard” Paint, and of the cheap paint
45 gallons, or 15 gallons more.

Suppose that the ‘HighStandard”’ Paint costs 40cents
per gallon more than the cheap—soumds big, doesn’t it?
Still the cheap paint or “‘hand-mixed”’ would really
cost at current prices $8.25 more than the

Weed you paint a house, the cost

for this work. That isn’t all. The Lowe Brothers
Paint will last five years and more, and the other
not over three.

At current prices, therefore, “‘High Standard’”’ Paint
will cost $9.75 per year Jess than cheap or “‘hand-
mixed.”’ Worth saving isn’t it?

Ihe New No.
Another thing—with “High Standard” Paint prop-
erly put on, there’s no chalking or peeling or crack-

ing as with “‘hand-mixed” or cheap paint — the A D
face is left i d condition f inti ith- I I
Buttaes ie lett in goed condition for repainting wi Pictures 314 x 414. Price, $8.00.

Do you see the advantage of the distinctive wear-
ing quality of ““High Standard” Liquid Paint?

There was never a camera that gave more uniformly satisfactory results in

As to color—‘High Standard” Paint offers the 3 5 Aad

: most durable ae peadekaileotors in large vari- the hands of the amateur than the No. 2 Bulls-Eye Kodak. Its simplicity and

5 Eee ou pre interested inte latest fashions, accuracy did away with most of the opportunities for making mistakes. The No.

i Other Lowe Brothers Products are Varnish, 3 Bulls-Eye is simply a little larger model of the same camera, making pictures of
,. Stain, Enamel, Floor Paint—just the right thing e a 5 =

amore desirable shape and size. Anybody can make good pictures with a

for every requirement. Write for Free Book-
let—““ Attractive Homesand How toMake Them.” Bulls-Eye Kodak.

ae HE LOWE ¥
Te y ee Rees The No. 3 Bulls-Eye Kodak has the Eastman Rotary Shutter that is always set, meniscus achro-
Dla COMPANY matic lens, three stops, two finders, two tripod sockets, and loads in daylight with Kodak Cartridges
Fig vou aT St., for two, four, six or twelve exposures. Pictures 3% x 4% inches. Price, $8.00.
: Dayton, Ohio Catalog of Kodaks free at any dealers or by mail.
a Your Nem York
5 cago .
Protection Sots) EASTMAN KODAK CoO., Rochester, N. Y., The Kodak City.

<_ e ry - > Le
American Centrifugal Pumps es Build Beautiful Houses : ee
, Guaranteed NN It is really cheaper to be beautiful than ugly. Sete | Phila,
Highest mechanical @& TT \ : Your reputation for taste depends mostly upon the
efficiency. A ) outside of your house. Most people never see the
Saves 25% of power ! inside. The soft, rich, velvety tones of

over all other pumps. : i
Che US Seu tue gs | Cabot’s Shingle Stains

. : \
pecciicationsy ey . make beautiful houses more beautiful, ugly houses
CaS cADY, attractive, and redeem commonplace houses. They
THE AMERICAN WE are also cheap, easy to apply, and guaranteed fast
Aurora, Ill., U. S. A. colors; and they are made of Creosote, “the best
Branch Offices: wood-preservative known.”

Chicago, IIl., - - First National Bank Building.
New York, N. Y., - - - - 2-4 Stone St. Agents at all Central Points

Re rae ea a ce aoe SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Sole Manufacturers Samples on wood, and color-
alas, Texte preccke roarine Mow? 10 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON, MASS. chart sent on request.

What i. y Lf. i
236 VLD Adie kadar sa, CHE (GAR DR Ne MENG Alene May, 1908

es ba TH meee nant

How Can I Know
About Paint fee

ya vais) : ~The Summer Rush Begins

of yy \ \ Been now on throughout the summer

the flower beds will require close
attention. Keep the soil loose about the

asks the cautious man or woman. After the flowers by frequent hoeings, but it is better
ninth eh 8 1 Th | to allow the weeds to grow for a while
Paint 1s on the house it 1s too late, SAN OMEN V7 | than to cultivate when the ground is too
not only for the paint, but for the painter’s Ao \ | it | wet, which will injure the flowers more than

labor, has been spent. Why not doas the big \QSY/Ae the présence of the wised> ania
: : ; ; y | Y, Continue to sow the seed of summer
paint users do—railroads, contracting painters, , flowering annuals. These so greatly im-
factory owners, etc.?—they test White Lead, rani prove the appearance of the grounds that
which is the solid ingredient of all good house | /@ | iw ene\cannor ave oa) oe
; Cone ; y are many that require but little care and
paint, before it is applied. |S ‘j : =| cultivation, and these varieties should be
) planted if you have not much time to devote

The paint ingredients (White Lead, Linseed Oil and to growing flowers.

coloring matter) should always be dought separaiely and : # Plant out water-lily roots about the first
mixed by the painter /resh for each job. The test for of the month or soon after. Plants are grown
quality is then made before the paint is mixed. It is not a bit cominlicared: more easily and quickly from roots than

all one needs is a flame (candle, gas or spirit lamp) and a blowpipe to intensify a ee aa ae or a ee

the heat. from seed sown the first of the month.
White Lead is corroded metallic lead, the same as shot, lead-pipe or home- Sow seed of sunflowers early in the month.
made sinkers for fishing lines. Intense heat forces the pasty ‘‘White Lead” back | They will not require much cultivation be-
into its original form of metallic lead. cause after the plants have gotten a good

start they will choke out the weeds.

Gourds are not only ornamental when
growing but when dried are useful for nest-
eggs, dippers, bottles, etc. Sow an assort-
ment of seed in hills in the same way that
FULL. WEIGHT KEGS watermelon seed is planted, directions for
The Dutch Boy Painter on if you wish to test paint. We are glad to which were given last month. The vines
purity but full weight cf | Dave you test our White Lead. Would do not succeed well if permitted to trail

White Lead. Our packages we dare to do this, if there were any
are not weighed with the doubt as to the purity of our product? over the ground, therefore some SUIDIECE!

contents; each keg contains ff s ; : must be given.
thelaimount GEAWhteuLead Ask for Test EquipmentV. Address ; 8 wih ‘
S ee + Nae designated on the outside, F Sow some seed of ricinus or castor oil

DEVE REND: COMETS bean in the poultry yard now, and during

in whichever of the following cities ts nearest you:

I Now York, Boston, _, Buffalo, Cleveland, the summer these plants will afford splendid

AY LZ : Wy ti 1 ‘0, t
j Ze Bae SPE ees eek Lewis & Bros. C ‘Co. shade for the poultry. The velvet bean
Le Pittsburgh National bosde Gul Co.] gives excellent shade. for porches and ver-

andas. The seed must be sown in very rich
soil.

Remember that the weeds grow faster
; now than at any other time of the year.
: Keep them down by constant cultivation.
Dp Prov BCT Your Home ae Sow the seed of lettuce some time during

namental Sael aloreiis fence on the nets This illus- the month so that it can be had for mid-

tration can give you but a faint idea of the beauties of summer use.

For winter greens, sow seed of collards.
The seed will germinate better now than
if it is sown later in the season when the sun
is too hot.

; For a rapid growth and tender vegetables,
Ithaca Say aeianae ae a aes! ana distribute 5 eae nitrate of soda over the

tyles to meet all requirements. Complete illustrated
Eeaineeracaled enirediest Kindly ask for CatalogueD. kitchen garden. Continue to set out tomato

SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO. | | 224 sweet potato plants.
253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY Every amateur gardener and farmer
should own a small canning outfit. It more

If, therefore, your experiment fails to wholly reduce the White
Lead to metallic lead, you may be sure that the supposed White
Lead is either adulterated or totally bogus.

We will furnish the necessary
Blowpipe Free upon request

/ Yf WM

ut

May, 1908

WROUGHT IRON
FENCE

And Entrance Gates

WIRE FENCING

Ornamental Iron Work Trce~
Guards, Lawn Furniture Etc

Tennis Court Endosures A Special

FEATURE

THE F-E-CARPENTER Coe
7 & 9 WARREN ST-NEW YORK:

The “Lou Dillon’ Tandem
- Garden Cultivator.

It can be set to stir the soil any depth desired, and to
cuitivate astride the row or between the rows.

No gardener can afford to be without one.

Write for descriptive catalogue and testi-
monials, If your local dealer does not
handle them, write to us for special intro-
ductory price.

Dept. D.

ap ) THE SCHAIBLE MFG. CO.
ELYRIA OHIO

Buy “Kalamazoo Komfort’”” Now

Enjoy that luxurious rest and relaxation which

gives renewed energy and makes the hot, sultry

days cool and delightful. Be truly comfortable

when reading, resting orill. The expense is only

id nominal. Our Reclining chair, antomatieally adjust-

jnge itself to every position, will d» all this for you.

Write us for free trial offer and catalogue No. 99, show-

ing ten models of this chair and sixty other designs

of summer furniture. Ask your dealer for

> Superior Quality Jawn furniture and make your
home comfortable, attractive and distinctive.
KALAMAZOO SLED COMPANY,

545 8rd ST., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

INGEE ROSES 2re best. Plants sent to any point in

in the U.S. Safe arrival guaranteed.
Flower and vegetable seeds a specialty. NEW GUIDE
TO ROSE CULTURE FOR 10908 mailed free. 134
pages describing over1,ooo varieties of Roses and how to
grow them. Est. 1850. 70 Greenhouses.

Each
Piece
Trade-
Marked and
Guaranteed

5
THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove, Pa.

PAGE FENCE LASTS LONGEST

Page Fence is woven from heavy galvanized high-carbon spring
wire; it’s made for rough weather and rough treatment. Lasts
a lifetime. Write for catalog.

Pa:e Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 8521, Adrian, Mich.

CYCLONE

Ornamental Fences, Gates, Arches, Vines, Trellis,
Lawn Borders arethe best. Don’t buy until you have
seen the Cyclone Catalog. Write for it today.

The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

HINESE geographies still teach that the
world is flat like a pancake.

China is a trifle slow!

So was Philadelphia, —in 1830.

She was somewhat ‘‘set in her ways’’ and
at that time drew up ‘‘A Public Remonstrance
against Lighting with Gas.’’

: The ‘‘Remonstrance’”’ contained the follow-
ing nuggets of wisdom :—

—“We consider it a most inexpedient,
offensive, and dangerous mode of lighting.’’

: —‘‘We consider Gas to be an article as ig-
nitable as gun-powder, and usually as fatal in its
results.’ ;

That was when Philadelphia used Candles,
Lanterns, Whale Oil Lamps and, later, Kerosene
Lamps.

Where are these Candles, Whale Oil and
Kerosene Lamps today?

Millions of Gas-jets have supplanted them
notwithstanding ‘‘the Remonstrance.”’

* z *

Why have the Lamps disappered?

Because, Gas-light was found, after fair
trial, to be not only more ‘‘expedient,’’ less
“‘offensive’’ and less ‘‘dangerous’’ but considera-
bly less expensive, per candle-power,'than Candles,
Whale Oil, Kerosene or, Gasolene Light.

Moreover, it was found on trial to be in-
finitely more convenient to merely turn taps and
light up Gas-jets, when illumination was wanted,
than to clean, fill, wipe, snuff, and carry to posi-
tion every lamp used for 365 days in
every year.

Even a Philadelphian of 1830
could not avoid that conclusion.

available.

But there are Lamps in Country
places yet, though Rural Gas-light is
now available at lower cost than even
City Gas, Kerosene or Gasolene light.

And, there are people in the Coun-
try yet who think of this Rural Gas-light
(Acetylene), as Philadelphians once
thought of City Gas.

That is because they are preju-
diced, misinformed, and won’t investi-
gate, just as the Philadelphians of 1830
were prejudiced, misinformed and

Passing of the Lamp

So, they no longer use Lamps | :
in Philadelphia, nor in any other AC TY LE E
‘dive’? City or Town where Gas is
f Ye

ACTUAL SIZE OF
BUR NER FLAME

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools ah

would not investi- &
gate.

But, if Coun-
try People would
investigate Acetylene
Lighting impartially,
this is what they
would find about it. —

They would find
that Acetylene Gas-
light is not only the |
most brilliant, cool- |
est, steadiest and
cleanest of all home
Lights, but the safest as
well.

They would find
that its rays are pre-
cisely the same in color-
balance and in chemical
effect as natural Sun-
light. They would find
it so clear, and pure, that pale-blue,
pale-yellow, and pale-pink can be as %&
readily distinguished under its rays at night as
under sunlight itself by day.

They would find it so healthful that Plants
grow by night under Acetylene as they do under
Sunlight by day.

They would find the use of Acetylene would
cut out all the disagreeable daily cleaning, fill-
ing, snuffing and chimney-wiping of Kerosene
Lamps, with the inseparable soot, smell, heat

and air destroying action of such Lamps.

Moreover, they would find that

Acetylene Light, when once installed,

would cost a third less than Kerosene

Light (wicks and chimneys consider-

ed) for the same Candle-power, while

needing only thirty minutes per

month attendance for 50 Acetylene

Lights, as against 30 hours per month
for 8 to 10 Kerosene Lamps.

We could tell them how little all

this additional comfort, leisure and

\ 4 § home-prestige need cost, when they go

the right way about investigating and
installing Acetylene.

And, we like to hear from people
who are ‘‘from Missouri’’ and who
“want to be shown.”’

Just question us to this Address—
“Union Carbide Co., Dept. Daal
Michigan Ave., Chicago.”’

Wild Western Flowers
CACTUS, BULBS, SHRUBS, PLANTS.

Ask for our list of many rare and beautiful kinds.

Utah Rare Plant Co. Salt Lake, Utah.

Genuine Bavarian Horse-Radish

Shipped by export house.

George Roesch Baiersdorf (Bavaria)

ZZ}

S]
INS

USED
SOLD BY

Blights, etc., to
B. HAMMOND

UG-Sin

FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 25 YEARS.
SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA.

Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs from Insects.
Put up in popular packages at popular prices.

Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and

Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York:

ET I i

Are you going to refurnish a room?
Write to the Readers’ Service for hints

238

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

May, 1908

The one safe, convenient, and healthful method of disposing of kitchen waste, gar-
bage, and refuse matter of all kinds, including human excrement, is to BURN it.

Garbage cans freeze fullin winter. In summer they draw flies and bugs, at the same time emitting a
vile aos in Spices the most assiduous care. They fill the air with stench and poison. This is true also of the privy vault
or earth closet. €

International Incinerator

when placed in your basement or shed and connected with chimney or flue preserves a fresh, clean,
sweet, healthy atmosphere. ‘The current of air passing through carries off the odor, causes rapid
drying, and retards decomposition. 7

A week’s accumulation can be reduced to ashes by a thirty to sixty minute fire, and
there will be no odor or inconvenience. ee

For many years people have found our fire closet of inestimable
value in country homes, indeed, in every place in city and country
where kitchen waste is created, and every place where human ex-
crement accumulates through lack of sewers and running water.

The International Incinerator is giving satisfaction in hos-
pitals, hotels, private houses, summer resorts, seaside cottages, }
factories, military, mining, and contractors’ camps. It has the
highest endorsement of government officers, health commissioners,
and physicians. Made of best sheet steel, and can be easily re-
ii moved as desired.
= The household size (capacity ten gallons) will be shipped com-
| plete, together with full directions, to any point in the U. S.

Send postal to-day for booklet and complete information.

Wanted-—Stove and Hardware dealers everywhere tosell our Incinerator

INTERNATIONAL INCINERATOR COMPANY |
Dept. A, 630 Prudential Bldg., Buffalo, New York

SHOKE AVE
I} PATENTED

| oS | a

x : |
‘SMOKE FUE Al \ (|

co

FIRE BOX

ASH PI

No. 4. Planet Jr. Combined Seeder
and Wheel Hoe saves time, labor, seed,
and money. Almost all useful garden im-
plements in one tool. Changed in a second
to an Adjustable Hill-dropping Seeder,
Continuous Drill Seeder, Single Wheel
Hoe, Furrower, Cultivator, Weeder, or
Wheel Garden Plow—each tool the finest
of its kind. Pays for itself quickly, even
in small gardens.

—<— No. 12. Planet Jr. Double Wheel
Hoe, Cultivator and Plow,—the handi-
est implement ever made for gar-
dening. All cultivating parts are of
high-carbon steel to keep keen edge.
Specially designed to work extremely
close to plants without injury.

Write to-day.

Why depend on slow, expensive farm help, which
gets poorer and scarcer all the time? Owna Planet
Jr. and do the work of three to six men that plant

or hoe by hand. d (
Planet Jr. tools are built for practical, econom-

ical work—are improved every year. They are
backed by 35 years experience, a
million satisfied users—and fully
guaranteed. Our new illustrated
catalogue sent on request, show-
ing our splendid line of 1908
Tools—Seeders, Wheel-Hoes, aS
Horse-Hoes, One- and Two-Horse Riding
Cultivators, Harrows, Orchard- and Beet-Cultivators.

Ss. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.

Is your roof waterproof to stay? Not unless your roof-
ing is made of natural asphalt. That is the only material
which gives a roof resisting, lasting life.

(Genasco
Ready Rooting

is made of Trinidad Lake Asphalt—the best in the world.

Ask any progressive dealer for Genasco.
want to be sure your roof will stay waterproof.

THE BARBER “AS PHAE T~ PAW INiGea@ OM EAN NG

Largest Producers of Asphalt, and Largest Manufacturers of Ready Roofing in the World.

PHILADELPHIA

San Francisco

See that you get what you ask for, if you
Write for Book 60 and samples.

New York Chicago

than pays for itself later in the season by
saving the superfluous fruit and vegetables
that would otherwise be wasted.

When thinning cotton, if it is growing -
on thin soil, do not leave more than one
stalk to every ten inches of row; if the soil
is rich, the stalks should stand eighteen
inches or two feet apart in the row. If
cotton stands too thickly it makes more stalk
and fewer bolls.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

Ten Roses For Central Texas

HE ten best and most continuous
blooming roses in 1907 and also, as
memory serves me, for several years pre-
vious, for this part of the country were as
follows:

As a white rose Kaiserin Augusta Victoria
has given more and better bloom, and has
come through the past summer with fewer
dead branches than Ivory, its nearest rival.

In reds, Madame Masson is easily best,
giving a few good roses at all times and
more flowers for cutting than any other.
Next in reds, comes Gruss an Teplitz, and
then American Beauty, if favorably sit-
uated so as not to get all the afternoon
sun.

The best pink is Baldouin (or Helen
Gould) which has a natural vigor and energy
that keeps it growing and blooming when
all else save Pink Bedder have given up
the struggle. am

In yellow roses Marechal Niel is first
and best. Being a climber it should hardly
be classed with the bush type, yet it has no
close competitor. Cloth of Gold and Solfa-
terre come next but are not so productive
of bloom. However, Marechal Niel needs
to be budded on a vigorous stock of the
Southern climbing type to give it force and
energy, while all others mentioned do best
on own roots. Lamarque is the best
white climber, and Climbing Wooten the
best red.

THE THREE WINNERS

The past summer, in particular, I kept
in touch with two nurseries besides the
grounds of which I have control. There
are many excellent roses, of course, not in
this list; yet if I could have but three roses,
they would be Kaiserin Augusta Victoria,
Madame Masson and Baldouin. They are
hardy, thrifty and continuous bloomers, and
stand hot suns and dry winds better than
other varieties with which I am familiar.
Texas. H. B. BEcK.

May, 1908 DAAEINS aC aM eI Na IVIVANGaACZ WINE getee ore Plannins te Buia. the Readers! 239
Bar|
OLD HICKORY sy a
Bam ®
SPINDLE BACK CHAIR

Guaranteed most serviceable, comfortable, attractive Chair for

BEST SUGAR
FOR TEA AND COFFEE!

(SeHHEreoue Gwenn serene

Porch and Lawn use ever sold at this remarkably low price. Will

stand all sorts of weather. Solidly constructed of genuine white

hickory with bark on. Seat 18 inches long, 16 inches deep; height

over all 4o inches. Price, $1.75, freight prepaid east of Mississippi

River. 120 other styles of Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc., $1.50 up.

“The Old Hickory Chairs reached me O. K. last Saturday and to use Mrs. Wiles’s expression:
‘We are tickled to pieces’ over them. They are the pride of the neighborhood. I think I shall
want another piece of your artistic furniture later. Many thanks for your favor to me.”

Ernest P. WILEs, Muncie, Ind.

“T take pleasure in advising you that the chairs shipped to me at Riverside, N. Y., have been
received, and Iam more than pleased with them. If I have occasion to buy anything more of this
character, you may be sure that the Old Hickory Chair Company will get the order.”

A. M. Harris, New York, N. Y.

Be sure to get the “Old Hickory” Furniture, and see that our trade-mark is on
every piece. If your dealer will not supply you, remit direct to us. Ask for new
48-page illustrated catalogue and our Special Introductory Offer FREE

THE OLD HICKORY CHAIR CO.

125 Cherry Street = = Martinsville, Ind.
“The ‘Original Old Hickory’ Furniture Manufacturers.”

200 aoe Sold Direct

Vehicles ee TOWNSEND
5 Styles to

ee User M O Ww E

S&S

No. 66934. Fancy Car Plush Trimmed
Buggy with auto seat, fancy padded wing
dash, bike gear and rubbertire. Price
complete, $78.00. As goodas sells for
€25 more.

Buy Direct From Our Factory

Saving all expenses and profits of the dealer. Elkhart
Buggies and Harness have been sold direct from our
factory to the user for 35 years. Weare

The Largest Manufacturers in the World

selling to the consumer exclusively. We ship for exami-
nationand approval, guaranteeing safe delivery. No cost
to you if not satisfied as to style, quality and price. Send
for new free catalog.

Elkhart Carriage & Harness Ilfg. Co.
Elkhart, Ind.

TOWNSEND GAVE TO THE WORLD

The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower

His mowers are more imitated than
any others.

We make more high-grade mowers
than any other firm and they are all
ball-bearing.

We make the best Lawn Mower in
the world.

We make the best Horse Lawn
Mower in the world.

We make the best Roller Mower in
the world.

We repair and sharpen all kinds of
Mowers.

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. Orange, N. J.

i 1 ill U | ]
No. 313. Light
Surrey with Canopy
top and fine auto
seats. Price complete,
$78.00.

lb Sealed Boxes Only !
e/s Everywhere [

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W.R, GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Mushrooms On FREE TRIAL PAY oe aie esas

For Big and Quick Profits Spray first, then if you buy—pay us out of the extra profit. Sprays Everything, Potatoes and
reac apital PoiSiart Sale Business Truck 4 and 6 rows at a time.—Also first-class Orchard Sprayers. Man-power and _horse-
gpg ne plete cee sioner i power. High pressure and perfect agitation. Vapor spray stops Blight, Scab, Rot and Bugs.

America. Ten years’ experience = hte
enables me to we Sraencal in- Doubles your crop. Built strong and durable—Brass Ball Valves, plunger, cylinder, strainer, etc.

struction a the Biome worth 2 Guaranteed for 5 Years. Wholesale price f
many dollars to you. No matter Fs . |
what your occupation is or where : (where no agent). We Bay, freight. :
you are located, here is an oppor- = 1s ze Cut out the picture of the sprayer you prefer and send it to us at
4 tunity to acquire a thorough knowl- me on once with your address and get our Valuable Spraying Guide,
& pea edee of this paying business. D catalog of all kinds of sprayers, and our special Free Sprayer
Send for Free Book giving particulars and information, iN G7 +8 offer to first in each locality.—_Be First to Write Us.
how to start, cost, etc. Address ss awe il H. L. HURST MFG. CO.
JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM ate = » 104 North St Canton 0.
Dept. 130 3243 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois s Spams RES : p

240

The Readers’ Service will give you :
ir ee about moior boats T 18l E G A R D E N M A G A Z if N E

RS For a continuous
display of flowers

= no hardy or ten-
LILIES der plant excels

Water-Lilies and

Aquatics. With few exceptions all vari-
eties can be grown in open air without
artificial heat.

At the St. Louis Exposition we were awarded the
Grand Prize for our display of Water-Lilies and Aqua-

tics, which was acknowledged by the Judges who
made the award, as well as by all visitors, to be the
finest feature in the Horticulture Department.

The services of our expert in devising plans for
ponds and proper selection of varieties, etc., are offered
free of charge to all our patrons.

Send for free leaflet on the ‘‘ Care and Culture of Water-Lilies

and Aquatics.’ Instructions also for growing them from seed.

HENRY A. DREER, 2S

Growing Tomatoes for Quality,
Quantity and Earliness

is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. It
contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising
tomatoes. By this method you can have bigger and better fruit and weeks earlier
than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture; forcing the
fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every
gardener, whether hevrows one dozen or one thousand vines. The subjects cover-
edare; History of the Tomato; ItsNature and Habit; Tomato Culture in General;
The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home-Grown Plants; Preparing the
Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking
the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 40 Tomato Recipes; Best Tomato Seeds,
The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants.

The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my garden this
season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from top to
bottom. This isthe result of my method. It is easy to raise this kind of fruit
when you know how. Just send for my book—price s5oc., postage or money
order. Your money back if not satisfactory.

FREE SEED.—To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 days I
willsend FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties of early and
late tomatoes. I make this offerso that you will get ready now for your spring
gardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rushis on. Send for mybook-
Tet to-day and I know you will bethankful that you made such a wise investment.

DEPT. C T. F. POTTER, Tomato Specialist, DOWNERS GROYE, Ill.

For Abundant Crops

feed the crop with a generous supply of Potash in the
fertilizer at the

Crops cannot thrive in the most carefully prepared
soil, even with the most skilful planting, unless supplied
with necessary plant-food.

POTASH

is absolutely necessary to plant growth.

‘*Plant Food’’ is the title of a book which we publish and mail
free to farmers. Itis not an advertising pamphlet, but a book
which every farmer should have.

GERMAN KALI WORKS |
New York—93 Nassau Street Chicago—Monadnock Building
Atlanta, Ga.—1224 Candler Building

The Oldest Flowers in Cultivation

II. The Wallflower

@ Rae accompanying photograph shows
the extraordinary contrast that ex-
isted between’ ordinary and very good
wallflowers as early as 1613, and presses
home the fact that we shall never be able
to get as fine flowers in America as people
raise in the Old World until we are willing
to pay more than five or ten cents a packet
for first-class seed. The seedmen themselves
have to pay $28 a pound for seed of the
double dwarf branching wallflowers, whereas
the common single kinds can be had for
about sixty cents a pound.

The pictures here shown are reduced
from an elephant folio in which all the
flowers are depicted in their natural size.
The one at the right is about an inch and
a half across, whereas the one at the left
measures about two and one-quarter inches.

I have before me a German catalogue
which offers fourty-four varieties of wall-
flower, yet we really see only two or three
kinds in an American catalogue. About
half of these varieties are named single
varieties with very large flowers; all the others
are double and are divided into four
classes — the tall tree, the dwarf tree, the
tall branching and the dwarf branching —
and each one of these is offered in from four
to six colors, namely cream, white, canary,
golden, dark brown, black-brown, and
“blue,”? which of course means only violet.

The reason why the seed of the double
varieties is so costly is that it is produced
so scantily, and much rigorous selection is
necessary to maintain the “strain.” The
wallflower is not valued primarily for its form
of blossom but rather for its fragrance, but
it also gives us some of the best browns
among flowers, and the velvety texture of
these brown wallflowers is also admirable.

Just why the wallflower should be so pop-
ular in Europe and unknown in America is
hard to explain. Apparently it does well in
this country only in New England ard the
colder regions. The best account of wall-
flowers that I know of is that in Robinson’s
“English Flower Garden,” which divides
them into three classes — single biennials,
double biennials, and double perennials —
but none of these forms will stand an
American winter without the protection of a
coldframe. :

The commonest and perhaps the best
way of handling wallflowers in America

is to sow the seeds in August, winter the.

plants in a frame and use them for spring

May, 1908 -

x 1 r Arey on efurnish ?
May, 1908 ‘I H E G A R D E N M A G A Md, I N E TEN EG oe Beicetor bins 241

till
They
Sing

self unnecessary ex-
pense for repairs

every time you use a
poor wagon grease
or allow an axle to go dry.
An occasional application of

MICA

Axle Grease

removes two thirds of the trouble and
cost of keeping a wagon. Try “Mica”
next time you go for a load—you’ll
see the difference and the horse will
jeel it.

Ask Your Dealer For Alabastine | _

You can make your home brighter, more cheerful and more sanitary by decorating

the walls with Alabastine, and you will then have the most artistic of all backgrounds
fo your pictures and furnishings. The soft velvety Alabastine tints are both dainty
and restful.

You can have your entire home decorated in one harmonious color scheme, carrying
out your individual taste and ideas in each room, and making the walls blend perfectly
with the woodwork, rugs and furniture.

You can avoid the dirt and bother of kalsomine, the sameness of wall-paper patterns
and the unsanitary condition that invariably follows their use, by having your home '
decorated with ‘

4 Mica Axle Grease is almost as good |
i as roller bearings. Ask the dealer forit. |
; 0 W: °
; STANDARD OIL COMPANY The Sanitary all Coating }
q (Incorporated.) a s ‘ , y i
' Alabastine is less expensive than wall-paper and far more satisfactory than kalsomine. é
} It will meter fade, rub off norscale, and it affords no breeding place for insects or disease 2 ;
5 ‘| germs. nyone can apply Alabastine with a flat wall brush. Alabastine comes in six- 1 i
k ; RED DRAGON DANDELION || | teentintsand white. These tints can be intermixed to form an endless variety of shades. i
KILLER---SAMPLE FREE a} Alabastine can also be used in relief work—raised decorative motifs—effects that can-
: Mey Groncer (attics curs deat tasdardclion lantain, | lt not otherwise be obtained. Alabastine hardens and becomes a part of the wallitself. You
3 and other weed pests in lawns. Does not injure or can therefore apply a new tint right over the old Alabastine, without washing and scrap-
affect the grass in any way. Dust it on lightly when dew is on | | Ing, aS 1S necessary when wall-paper or kalsomine has been used, or is used again.
and the weeds will curl up anddie. No kill, no pay. We are a | >
willing to “show”? you. Large package for ordinary lawn : euabasting is sold in carefully sealed and properly labeled packages at 50c for white and
sent postpaid for 50 cents. é cog ee mate By, all maint, DER, Hardware: and Sonera Sores. See; uha te ene. name
Henry Field Seed Co. Box 101, Shenandoah, Iowa gy ey eo eg ae pL Ul en 2
eee Send 10c in coin or U. S. stamps for the book ‘‘Dainty Wall Decorations,’’ which

contains complete plans in color for decorating homes, churches and school houses in , ik
dainty Alabastine tints. Sample tint cards and descriptive circulars mailed free on request. \ f

The Alabastine Company, 924 Grandville Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. [
Eastern Office, Dept. y., 105 Water Street, New York City. Ag Ih

BEDDING PLANTS

All kinds—all sizes—all prices.

WATERPROOF Write for Catalogue.
OILED THE ANDERSON FLORAL CO.

CLOTHING 533 Marshall Ave. ANDERSON, S. C.

BLACK OR YELLOW

Every Garment _ HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN NURSERY STOCK

Guaranteed : :
LIGHT - CLEAN - DURABLE WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS.

Low IN: PRICE{ A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
WRITE TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET

Fate BAN Nesyer Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc.

Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking.

Pit ahtaes BAY STATE NURSERIES § NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

Omer lps

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIps in the United States

AGG E Rene) He Wes belay ie
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

249 The Readers’? Service gives
a information about Real Estate

29 / Of

We desire to call public attention to a very large reduction in the prices of our Rider and Ericsson pumps.
This is due to greatly improved facilities in our new plant. The introduction of special machinery has
resulted, not only in the absolute standardization of all parts, but also in decreased cost of manufacturing.
We want our patrons to share these benefits with us.
The old and new prices printed below speak for themselves:

OLD PRICES
Rider Engines

35 Warren Street New York.

40 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

239 and 241 Franklin Street, Boston.
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia.

5-inch 6-inch 8-inch ro-inch
$210.00 $300.00 $420.00 $540.00
Ericsson Engines
5-inch 6-inch 8-inch Io-inch
$120.00 $170.00 $210.00 $300.00

No extra price for deep well attachment.

Hot-Air Pumps last a lifetime. Over 40,000 are now in use, and the users include the best-known people
in America and Europe. These reduced prices bring them within easy reach of a very modest income.
Beware of imitations. Our name-plate appears upon every genuine pump. In view of the enormously
increased demand, orders should be placed as much in advance of requirements as possible.

For further information apply to our nearest store, asking for catalogue *‘U.”’

RIDER-ERICSSON
ENGINE Co.

f Hot-Air

Pumps

The reduction amounts in some cases to 25%.

NEW PRICES
Rider Engines

5-inch 6-inch 8-inch zo-inch
$180.00 $240.00 $350.00 $460.00
Ericsson Engines
5-inch 6-inch 8-inch 10-inch
$90.00 $130.00 $160.00 $240.00

These prices are f. 0. b. New York.

22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S. W., Australia.
234 Craig Street, W., Montreal, P. Q.
Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba.

A Hammock That's Right

The only hammock made that combines Quality, Dura-
bility and Beauty with comfort. Can be used indoors or
out. For further particulars write

QUEEN HAMMOCK CO.
188 Lake St., MUSKEGON, MICH.
Formerly Kalamazoo, Mich.

Grow Your Flowers
In Illinois Self-Watering Flower Boxes

You will have better, hardier, longer lived plants
with less time and trouble. It’s the natural way of
growing flowers. The roots absorb just the neces-
sary amount of as
water from res-
ervoir at bot-
tom of box
which is filled
about once in
two weeks.
Boxes are neat- :
ly made of —iye® —
metal, rust proof andleak proof, beautifully finished,
and willlast for years. Inexpensive—sold on

30 Days FREE Trial

Write us today for Illustrated descriptive book
with prices. Manufactured and sold exclusively by

ILLINOIS HEATER & MFG. CO.
3949 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, III.

HIS shows the H. P. Spra-
motor arranged for spraying
potatoes, three nozzles toa

row and four rows, two spraying
from the sidesand one from the top,
adjustable as to height and width
up to 40 in. rows. Nozzles abso-
lutely will not clog. 12 gal. air tank.
Automatic and hand controlled.
100 lbs pressure guaranteed with 12
nozzlesopen. Anacrecan besprayed
in 20 minutes. Has agitator clean-
out pressure relief into tank, and
nozzle protector allundercontrol of
the driver from seat. For 1 or
2 horses. Fitted for orchard,
vineyards and grain crops. Can
be operated by hand. This Ad.
will not appear again in this paper.
If interested write now.

Cc. H. HEARD
1205 Erie Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

ee

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Mayr, 1908

bedding. There are so-called annual strains
—for example, the Paris Extra Early—which
will bloom the same year that the seed is
sown. The seeds of this strain can be
sown outdoors in early spring for late sum-
mer bloom, or in a cool greenhouse in May
for bloom all winter.

Robinson says that this plant loves a wall
better than the garden. It forms an endur-
ing bush on an old wall if planted in mortar,

Two single varieties of wallflower as pictured in
1613 in the “‘Hortus Eystettensis’’

and grows even in walls quite new — but
that is in England.

One drawback to the wallflower is that
if used for cutting, the water must be
changed twice a day or it smells badly.
If the flowers are kept for twenty-four
hours without changing the water, they will
have to be thrown away.

New Jersey Tuomas McApAm.

[The next article will describe the true
mandrake — not the wild mandrake of
the American woods, but the one which
played such a prominent part in the folk-
lore of the Middle Ages.]

The Camellia’s Centenary

ie IS not inappropriate that the Camellia’
should be celebrating its centenary by,
becoming once more a popular greenhouse,
flower. Of course in the South as a hardy}
shrub (or small tree) it has never failed to’
be appreciated, but on account of the stiff
formality of its flowers, it had fallen into
disfavor among florists and gardeners in the
North. Yet at this time it is not infrequently
met with in the florists’ stores. ‘The first
plant of camellia, Mr. Berckmans tells us,
was introduced in Charleston in 1808.

ew eg

May, 1908 AMEE EEC ASR BIDNENGd MIN GaAyZL NOR Tee keer, Same ts, prepared to 943

A True Plane

: When you buy an ordinary plane you have to find out by actual use whether

it is true or not.
You know a Keen Kutter Plane, or any Keen Kutter Tool, is true before
you buy it, because it is stamped with the trademark which guarantees it.
You know it will be perfect in hang, balance, temper, finish and adjustment
because all Keen Kutter Tools are tested and inspected and found worthy
to uphold their well-earned reputation as Tools of Service before the name
and trademark are stamped upon them. This mark is your safeguard
in buying tools. It costs you nothing, but means if anything goes
wrong you shall not be the loser. To be sure of lasting, accurate, and

practical tools ask for

KEEN KUTTER

Tools and Cutlery |

The name Keen Kutter covers Saws, Chisels, Bits, Drills, Gimlets, Awis, Planes, |
Hammers, Hatchets, Axes, Drawing-Knives, Screw Drivers, Files, Pliers, Glass- |
cutters, Ice-picks, and a full line of Farm and Garden Tools—Forks, Hoes, Scythes,
Trowels, Manure-hooks, Lawn-mowers, Grass-Shears, Rakes, etc. Also a full line of

Scissors and Shears, Pocket-knives and Table Cutlery. |
Keen Kutter Tools have been sold for nearly 40 years under this
mark and motto.
‘“‘The Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is
Forgotten.’’—E. C. Simmons. Trademark Registered.
If not at your dealer’s, write us. |

SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY (Inc.),
St. Louis and New York, U.S. A.

ati rabmrt
WW

)

FOR FLOWER LOVERS

Two important and sumpliious volumes for flower lovers

FLOWER GROUPING IN ENGLISH,
SCOTCH AND IRISH GARDENS

Sketches and descriptions by MARGARET W ATEREIELD, with
fifty-six superb color-plates by theauthor; treating of flowers, not
as single specimens, but with regard to their effects in masses,
and theirdecorative valueasparts of aharmonious color-scheme;
with valuable hints on the employment of different bulbs and
blossoming trees. The book also contains contributions from
many recognized authorities on the subject; suchas “E.V. B.,”
Frank Galsworthy, F. W. Richmond Powell, the Hon. Emily
Lawless and others. Bound in heavy khaki linen, stamped in
gold and gilt top. Imperial, 8 vo, $6.00 (Postpaid).

LONDON PARKS AND GARDENS

By the HON. MRS. EVELYN CECIL (Member of the Guild of Garden-
ers and Freeman of the City of London.)

An accurate and fascinating study of ‘“‘Nature in the City’’;
being a history and description of the many surprisingly beauti-
ful public Parksand Gardens which adom London. Illustrated
by Lady Victoria Manners, with twenty-five full-page color-
Shes and numerous woodcuts in the text. The location of §
the variousgarden-spots of London is shown ina map printed
on the end-papers. Very handsomely bound in green linen,
heavily gilt. Royal, 8 vo, $6.00 (Postpaid).
No gardenlibrary or country-house bookshelf
ts complete without these volumes.

E. P. DUTTON & CO., 31 West 23rd St., New York

Y POTATOE Ee PRUNING AND PRUNING ADVICE
SP RA Watson Hich Pressure | James Wesson Phelps, securecr

—Automatic—including Agitator and Strainer Cleaner—

Sprays 40 acres daily—State experiments show gain of more than Eleven Years’ Experience In All
Bolton, Conn.

IRISH ROSES

—
are best according to leading Rosarians. ‘The stock grown by
Dickson & Sons, of Ireland, has a world-wide reputation. We
have imported from them this season as finea lot of Roses as ever
came to America. We offer 200 varieties—the cream of all.

Our superb catalog gives <izes and prices--send for free copy-

Other specialties—-Fruit and_Ornamental Trees,
Flowering Shrubs and Hardy Flowers.

Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, New York
Landscape Dept., 65 Hamilton Place

75 per acre by using the WATSON. Booklet FREE.
IELD FORCE PUMP CO. 48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y. Branches of Landscape Work.

MEN AND WOMEN

Write today for our new 32-page FREE

1 : BOOKLET and learn how to grow mush-
rooms for big profits all the year in cellars,
stables, sheds, boxes, etc. Surprising returns from

We have had small space with little expense. Markets waiting
for all you can raise. Previous experience un-
necessary. We make and sell best spawn and

ence teach you our methods free. .
Oa peptt TONAL SPAWN & MUSHROOM CO. Lawn and Park Fountains
rooms. ept. ¢ - - oston, Mass
= Sr ae Drinking Fountains
: WHAT — Plant Your Garden by the

Adams Method. It Pays. li
PETER Ree deals Green BN beans. Railings and Entrance Gates
ite today;it’s free. 3 sample G. U. pKts. oc. . 5
C eahete apes pr Gas and Electric Light Posts and Lamps
Senta Biana Wellesley, Mass. Stable and Cattle House Fittings

Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze

The Elm City Nursery Company, New Haven, Connecticut
NEW xiii
HYDRANGEA
GRANDIFLORA ALBA

¢ 4 Lhe most valuable addition to our
ed strictly hardy garden shrubs that has
% St Jappeared in years. Withstands zero
“amy weather without,jnjury. Immense
my beads of purest white blooms in June
(SeexlMustratzon). After maturity turn-
ing ‘to deep green like the foliage,—
: an attractive feature. As a specimen
The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground
drangea—Srom photo oftallershrubsitisa tremendous success,
PRICES well established, eee) From 6 inch pots, $1.50 each.
ery after April 15th} $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots,$z.00
each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, $.35
each, $3.25 perio. Shipment by Express advised.

The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.

Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog is now ready. You
can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spring order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

Statuary, Settees and Chairs
Tree Guards

We issue separate Catalogue of each of the
above which will be sent upon request.

THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS |

Ornamental “Department

5th Ave. and t7th Street New York

244

AMERICAN
RHODODENDRONS

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Water for Fountains
and Gardens

A beautiful lawn and fountain with its
splashing water enhances the value of a
country residence and adds to its attrac-
tiveness. The conveniences of running

water in the house and at the barn are
greatly desired. These things can be had
without much expense. Ifthere’sarunning

stream or spring on theland, the water can
be pumped just where it’s wanted with a

NIAGARA
Hydraulic Ram

Gives an abundant water supply at very little cost,
and with no expense after it is installed. Pumps
day and night. Requires no attention. Better
than a gasoline engine or windmill, as it doesn’t
get out of order. For supplying water to summer
hotels and resorts, irrigation purposes and dairy
farms it has no equal.

Write for booklet AC containing full informa-
tion, and ask for guaranteed estimate. We furnish
towers and tanks,

NIAGARA HYDRAULIC ENGINE CO.
140 Nassau St., New York. Factory, Chester, Pa

THE RIGHT WAY TO GROW THEM
JUST PUBLISHED. FREE

HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner, Salem, Mass.

Highlands Nursery 3800 feet elevation in the Carolina
Mountains and Salem Branch Nursery.

THE LAWNS OF

OLD ENGLAND

Are famous for their wonderful perfection
and durability. Such lawns may be

produced in this country if

IMPORTEDENGLISH

LAWNS GRASS SEED

isused. No weed seeds or coarse grasses.
Hardy and beautiful in color and texture.
Send for Directions—How to Seed and
Keep a Beautiful English Lawn. Free.

BLATCHFORD’S AGRICULTURAL WORKS

MADISON AND SAND STS., WAUKEGAN, ILL.
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 800.

pie

Eggplants for Small Gardens
GGPLANT is a delightful addition
to the list of home-raised vegetables;
it is not difficult to cultivate and may be
cooked in many ways. Whether raised from
seed or from plants bought already started,
there is one thing to be remembered — the
plant cannot stand any check, from cold
or from any other cause, that would interfere
with its constant growth. During a wet
season Cultivation should be deep; if the
weather is dry, shallow cultivation is best.
It is not necessary to prune unless it is de-
sirable to hurry the fruiting in order to
escape frost. In that case remove blossoms
and new growth with a knife about three
weeks before frost is expected.

The white-fruited eggplant is considered
best for home use and for the northern part
of the country Early Dwarf Purple is the
variety recommended. It is not necessary
to wait until eggplants become full size
before using; even the small ones can be
prepared for the table. The plant is a
better drought resister than the majority
of vegetables.

We have successfully prolonged the egg-
plant season until the end of November.
To do this we select fruits with unbroken
skins before frost injures them, dip the
broken parts of the stems into melted
paraffine, enclose each eggplant in a sound
paper bag and hang in the garret or other
protected place until needed.

SEVERAL GOOD RECIPES

There are many delicious ways of pre-
paring eggplants for the table, but we are
partial to the following method: Beat an
egg lightly, to which add a teaspoonful
of hot water. Cut the eggplant into slices
as thin as possible and dip each slice into
the egg and then into sifted bread crumbs.
Have ready a hot frying pan into which
has been put three tablespoonfuls of lard
or any other proper fat for frying. Cook
the eggplant in the hot fat until brown,
adding more fat as it is consumed and heat-
ing the pan each time before the slices are
put in. If the fat is not hot, the eggplant
is apt to be soggy. Drain the slices on soft
paper to absorb the surplus grease and
serve with tomato catsup. This dish is
not only good to look at but is exceedingly
good to eat.

A dish that may be attractive to many is
eggplant cooked in batter, which is made
of one egg beaten until light, to which is
added one cup of milk, a half teaspoonful of

The New Century Lawn Sprinkler

Revolves freely with any pressure. Equal spray
over circle from three to fifty feet in diameter.

Head and
Arms of
Polished Brass

Body
Black
Enameled

Wheels ©
Mounted \
on Wide Base, Red Enameled “

SIVIPLE AND DURABLE

Your money back if not entirely satisfactory. Sent
express prepaid anywhere in the United States east
of Rocky Mountains for only $2.50. Descriptive
circular free.

THE YOST ELECTRIC MFG. CO.
Lincoln Ave., Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.

THE HOOVER POTATO
The most successful digger made. DIGGER

Saves time, labor and
potatoes. Satisfac-
tion guaranteed.

; Send for
Y Catalogue of

Diggers, Pickers
and Sorters.

HOOVER MFG. CO., Box 86, Avery, Ohio.

PARISIAN
DRY SHAMPOO

A thorough shampoo without
the use of water. Used before
curling the hair insures stay-
ing quality of the wave. Will
not harm or change color of
hair, Daintily perfumed with
wood violet. By mail only,
50c. a box, postpaid.

HAIR FLUFF COMPANY
648 Sixth Avenue, New York City

May, 1908

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of ~

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.,
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill.

———

=
s
4
‘
.
4

pe

May , 1908 at H E @ IN R D E N M A G A 7, I N E I} you are planning to build the Readers?

Service can often give helpjul suggestions

245

— APRIL MAY JUNE
_ Hardy Plant Suggestions

Meehans’ sturdy, vigorous potted plants, suitable for planting out
in April, May and June, are well known throughout the country for
their remarkable healthiness and vigor.

They give very quick and pleasing results the first season,
astonishing all who are not acquainted with them.

There is practically no risk in planting, as roots and soil remain

intact. You get the entire plant without any disturbance to the
feeding fibers.

Just the plants for completing your spring work.

COMPLETE SPECIAL LIST at once.

TREE ROSES—These beautiful roses have been grown on the VINES—Where results are wanted this season from vines, those
sturdy Japanese stock and are sure to give satisfaction. 1.50 each, we list are just the kind. 5 inch pots 50 cents each, 1o of one
Io for $12.50. variety for $3.50.

BUSH ROSES—In our select list of these old favorites you find EVERGREEN AZALEAS—Stocky and bushy plants which will
the cream of the known kinds. We guarantee these roses to flower bloom this June. Order some now. Pot grown 75 cents each, Io
well this season if given good care. 6 inch pots 50 cents each, lo for $6.00.

for $4.50-

JAPANESE MAPLES—The finest collection of Japanese
CLIMBING ROSES—We have made a specialty of these beauti-

Maples will be found on our nurseries. We have nice plants in
ful roses and the best are inthis list. 5 inch pots 50 cents each, 10 pots that will make an attractive show this season. $2.00 up to
for $3.50. $5.00 and $6.00 each.

If you want quick results, get our
For illustration :—

MEEHANS’ MALLOW MARVELS BIG PLANT BOOK FREE
This new wonderful hardy perennial is creating a You cannot fail to value our 80-page plant book
furor in the plant world to-day. Its large gor- if you own any ground at all. It is full of help-
geous blooms in fiery crimson, soft pink, rich red s 3 Z
and pure white attract everyone. Write to-day ful suggestions noe found in the ordinary cata-
for color plate and prices. logue. Send for it to-day.
|

Re we Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc.
A pot-grown Honeysuckle showing the £

thrifty appearance of all our pot-grown
vines and plants.

Box 17, Germantown Philadelphia, Pa.

One of last year's Tree Roses in bloom.
They will please the most particular.

MEMORIALS

FOR CHURCH ANDCEMETERY
ALSO

GAR D EN
FURNITURE

IN MARBLE, STONE
AN INE 1D) G@ IR A INL aE 1B

TO PRODUCE THAT WHICH IS TRULY
ARTISTIC IN EACH ARTICLE OF OUR
MANUFACTURE, AND AT THE SAME
TIME PRACTICAL AND USEFUL, HAS
er R AIM.
ANCIENT “ BEEN OU IM

Worl | : JE HA
Ca onels AY KGA) | THE YEARS OF SUCCESS WE VE
EXPERIENCED IS THE BEST EVIDENCE
F THE APPRECIATION OF OUR WORK.

SUN DIALS, BENCHES,
FLOWER BASINS, PED-
ESTALS,TABLES, VASES,
COLUMNS, FOUNTAINS,
FIGURES, BUSTS, ETC.

Art Memorials in Marble,

Stone and Granite, designs of

, ; which will be sent upon request

EEC. : J eo oO; as WYP x Ss without charge.

iret AUN Db COM PANY

; Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY a
557 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

Granite Works + Cre Fane He eae as ITALY
BARRE, VERMONT Send for Booklet 133d ST., NEW YORK

2a

The Readers?’ Service i dt 2
246 aduise parents iuvcaerd schools LOE 1G AUROD IE Nia vA CoAUZ alas) May, 1908

bam?

in U-Bar Greenhouses. To produce successfully, melons with a uniform,
luscious, spicy, sugar flavor, requires a house so constructed that the sun
and light reach the vines and fruit unobstructed. For this reason, U-Bar
Greenhouses, with their gutterless curved eaves, and the extra wide glass
spacing make ideal fruit houses.

For the same reason they are unequalled for flowers and vegetables of all sorts.
They are simpler, stronger, lighter, more durable, more productive and at-
tractive and cost less to maintain than any other house. Send for catalog.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON U-BAR CO.
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK.

A @a _ x aw y= (Eocene: Ieee baa Bontod

at all seasons

ihrooms Growing in your Cellar

age stamps together with the name of your
will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
resh sample brick of

tre Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
narket, together with large illustrated book
ing simple and practical methods of raising,
is. Not more than one sample brick will
2r orders must come through your dealer.

‘pawn Co., St. Paul, Minn.

reenhouse. ‘The
s right start is set
esting way in our
let. Send for it.

& Company

way, New York

salt, a little pepper and one and one-half
cups of sifted flour. Beat this until smooth.
Cut the eggplant into quarter-inch slices
and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Dip
each slice into the batter and fry as in
recipe above.

In baking eggplant, it must be first par-
boiled. Put a whole one, which has been
washed, in a kettle and cover with boiling
water. Cook for half an hour or until
it is tender; then cut into halves and scrape
out the soft part, leaving enough with the
skin to form a shell. Chop the part that is
removed, adding half a cupful of crumbs,
a large tablespoonful of butter, a half
teaspoonful of salt and pepper. Mix well
and put into the shell with a covering of but-
tered crumbs. Cook until brown.

The foregoing recipe may be very much
improved by adding to the filling chopped
white chicken meat and onion juice,
and putting an onion and a carrot that
have been sliced, together with a few
cloves, a bay leaf and a blade of mace, into
the baking pan. A quart of stock is added
and the dish is baked for an hour in a
moderate oven, being basted as needed

Do not set out eggplant until there are settled
warm nights; then cultivate well

with the juice. It is served with Spanish
sauce. When prepared in this way it is
not necessary that the eggplant be first
cooked.

Another way for the lover of elaborate
dishes to prepare eggplant is to cut it in
halves, lengthwise, and parboil in salted
water. Scoop out the inside, pound with
a little fat bacon and some chopped onions
and mushrooms, and add salt, pepper, and
breadcrumbs soaked in stock. Fill the
shells with this mixture, place in a buttered
pan and bake three-quarters of an hour.
Instead of the bacon and mushrooms, minced
ham may be used.

Eggplant fritters are also very delicious.
A whole peeled eggplant is put into boiling
water containing one tablespoonful of vine-
gar or lemon juice and a little salt. Cook
until tender, then mash and drain. To
each cup of eggplant add a well-beaten egg,
a quarter of a cup of flour, salt and pepper.
Fry in small thin cakes, browning well.

Stewed -eggplant makes an_ excellent
breakfast dish. ‘The eggplant is treated the
same as for making fritters, but when mash-
ing add breadcrumbs, chopped onion, thyme,
salt, pepper, and a quarter of a pound of
butter. Cover the top with fine buttered
breadcrumbs and place the dish in the oven
to brown.

New York. I. M. ANGELL.

May, 1908 MHC ORD EN MAG AZEN BE ie Redes Sertcenives 247

NEW BOOKS

FOR THE

HOME-MAKER

The Small Country Place
By SAMUEL T. MAYNARD

Author of ‘Landscape Gardening as

Applied to Home Decoration,” etc.
‘This book, which was written by a man who
has spent more than thirty years teaching botany
and horticulture, is thoroughly practical, and
will be of great value to those who live upon
small country places, especially those whose
work in the city allows them but a few hours
each day to spend about the home.
The author discusses the growing of farm and
garden crops, the care of the horse, the cow,
and poultry, and similar subjects.
The book is profusely illustrated, showing veg-
etable and flower gardens, lawns, etc.

75 illustrations from photographs, and numerous
line drawings.

12 mo.
Cloth, $1.50 net Postpaid, $1.65

Four Seasons in the Garden
By EBEN E. REXFORD

Whether the amateur gardener has a little plot
of ground beside the back fence in the city or
owns a more pretentious garden in the suburbs,
he will find something of particular interest to
him in this book.

It covers a wide range, from making a little
window-box to the work of rural and village
improvement societies, and is written not by a
theoretical, but by a practical amateur gardener
who knows whereof he speaks.
Twenty-seven illustrations in tint, a frontispiece
in colors, decorated title-page, half-titles and
lining papers. 12 mo.

Cloth, $1.50 net, postpaid

Our Trees How to Know Them
Photographs from Nature
By ARTHUR I. EMERSON
With a guide to their recognition at any season
of the year and notes on their characteristics,
distribution and culture
By CLARENCE M. WEED, D.Sc.

One hundred and forty illustrations
Size 74 in. x 10 in.

Cloth, $3.00 net Postpaid, $3.20

J. B. Lippincott Company

PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA

ELLEN GLASGOW’S BOOKS
The Ancient Law. The Battle-ground.
The Wheel of Life. The Voice of the People.
The Deliverance. The Freeman and Other Poems.
Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

RARE OLD ETCHINGS

The Graf Bruehl collection of over 20,000 Etchings,
Engravings and Mezzo-T ints from the German, Italian,
French, Flemish and English Masters has been pur-
chased from the present heirs and brought to this coun-
try. This is one of the most remarkable collections in
existence, and represents the accumulation of over 150
years. They are in all sizes and shapes but all mounted.

Among them are about 100 etchings by Rembrandt,
Durer, Chadowicki, Visscher, Goltzius, Beham and
Le Bas, at $1.00 to $50 each, which represent only a
fraction of their real value. Others as low as 25c.

Upon request we will send

ON APPROVAL
charges prepaid, an assortment of 12 etchings, with
prices on each. Keep what you like and return the
others. More specific information on request. Write
today.

M. V. GARNSEY, Dept. G. LaGrange Ill.

What This Moderate Priced
Greenhouse Will Do For You

In the spring, for instance, you can raise all sorts of bedding plants for
setting out. Then there are the countless old-fashioned flowers, that by
giving them a greenhouse start, will be in bloom outdoors in the early summer
and no danger of Mr. J. Frost nipping them in the bud.

Think of having cosmos the last of July, and hollyhocks in bloom
the first season from greenhouse started plants.

As for vegetables, you can have them all winter and then get six
weeks’ start outdoors with plants raised from seeds planted along in February
and March.

‘Tomatoes and melons are easily grown and can be ripe enough to pick
from Thanksgiving Day on.

What could be more delightful than cutting an armful of roses from
your glass enclosed garden on Christmas ?

A house like this one shown, 25 feet long and 10 feet wide, can be
attached directly to your house, and the boiler located in the cellar. With our
special greenhouse boiler, the heating is very simple and requires surprisingly
little attention.

The entire superstructure of this house, including the ventilating ap-
paratus, is surprisingly reasonable in price. It is thoroughly described, and
prices given in an attractive circular received from the printer only a week or
so ago. - Send for it.

Lord & Burnham Company
MAIN SALES OFFICE:
1133 Broadway, New York

Boston Philadelphia
819 Tremont Building 1215 Filbert St.

We furnish complete gardens of every description. Rose Gardens, Old-fashioned Perennial
Gardens, Forma! Gardens.

Expert advice on all questions pertaining to Gardens and the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us
your needs. We can help you. Write us and secure our New Illustrated Catalog. Mailed free.

THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, Inc., BEDFORD, MASS. :

|
|

248 The Readers’ Service will give you infor-
mation about leading holels anywhere

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

May, 1908

Send for this
FREE SAMPLE

We want
every man
whois trying
i to get along
with an ordi-

nary /eak-
peel - rot - burst garden hose to

send for this free inspection-
sample of
REENLEAF
LONG LIFE

"ARDEN HOSE

Ten years’ use of ordinary hose could
not give you the absolute, practical
hose knowledge you can get in ten
minutes from this sample.

We send you the sample free so that
you yourself can give it a test that no
argument can refute,—the actual proof
iteclf right in your own hands. We
want you to test the toughness of the
Jive rubber—to cut the sample apart
with your knife—to try to tear just
one of its four plies of tight, strong
fabric. We are not satisfied to guar-
antee that GREENLEAF Hose is the
best you can buy—we want you to
understand why—why it holds water,
without repairs, for season after season,
where ordinary hose begins to fail after
a few months’ use.

GREENLEAF Long Life Garden Hose is
sold in the best hardware stores at 20c per foot.
If your dealer can’t supply you, we will fill your

order direct, express prepaid and guarantee
satisfaction. i

Only our absolute knowledge that GREEN-
LEAF Hose is the best made permits us to
send you the free sample that you may prove
itto yourself before you buy. Instructions for
interesting tests with sample. Write to-day.
Mention your hardware dealer’s name.

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER CO.

JEANNETTE, PA.

KILL PLANT BUGS and DOG FLEAS

with Lemon Oil Insecticide, adding 30 parts water. No odor, no
poison—advantages over Fish oil or Tobacco products. Used
everywhere. If not sold by your seedsmen, write WEATHERBY
BROS., Baltimore, Md., for full information.

10 CENTS PER ROLL
VELOX PRINTS, BROWNIES, 3c:

34% x3%, 34 x4 4c; 4x5, 3a 5c.
Send us two negatives and we will print them wzthouz
charge as 2 sample of our work; we are film specialists
and give you better results than you have ever had

To Those Who Begin in May

The best time to plant deciduous trees,
shrubs and vines is in March or while they
are dormant, but you can plant them in May
if you take care to get stock that has been
kept in cool storage. After the leaves have
begun to come out plant nothing of this
kind that does not come with a ball of
earth wrapped in burlap or straw.

PLANTING EVERGREENS

The great bulk of evergreens, both coni-
ferous and broad-leaved, is planted in April
or as soon as the ground gets mellow, and
the warmer it gets and the larger the speci-
mens, the more important it is to have a ball
of earth well wrapped with burlap. The
favorite broad-leaved evergreens are rhodo-
dendrons and great quantities of them will
be planted this May for their gorgeous dis-
play of flowers in june.

Long after you would think it possible
to plant trees, shrubs and woody vines, you
can do so if you get them from pots. In
fact they can be planted all summer in this
way, and perennials, too. There is hardly
anything you can think of that is not grown
now by nurserymen for summer planting,
because many people who move or build
do not get settled until the middle of May
when the trees are in full leaf.

Before May 15th (or whenever mosquitoes
are due in your locality) make a little summer
house for the children or an outdoor sleep-
ing room that will be mosquito proof.

If you have a collection of dahlias it will
pay you to join the New England Dahlia
Society, get the back numbers of the Dahlia
News and learn about the important new
types and latest methods of cultivation.
The secretary is Maurice Fuld, 5 Union
Street, Boston, Mass.

BOOKS WORTH BUYING

Everyone who wants to make his vegetable
garden a success ought to have a good com-
prehensive book on the subject. A maga-
zine can never take its place, because its
function is to keep one informed of the
latest improvements. The best books on
vegetable gardening for the American ama-
teur are Bailey’s “Principles of Vegetable
Gardening,” and Fullerton’s “How to
Make a Vegetable Garden.” However,
we don’t know of any book that has as per-
fect a scheme for a kitchen garden as that
set forth by Mr. Kayan in THE GARDEN
Macazinrt for March, 1908, and entitled
“How to Have a Perfect Vegetable Garden.”

The best text book on fruit growing is
Bailey’s “Principles of Fruit Growing.”
The best popular book on the subject,
written solely for amateurs, is Fletcher’s
“How to Make a Fruit Garden.”

Flower gardening is such a big subject
that people will never agree on what is the
best book that attempts to cover the field.
Probably the best dollar book is “The
Seasons in a Flower Garden,” by Shelton.
“A Woman’s Hardy Garden” is popular.
“How to Make a Flower Garden” hasa good
many valuable suggestions and inspiring
pictures.

F ARM F ENCES
FOR EVERY PURPOSE

HIS is one of the strongest and most seryice-

[ able fences for cattle pasture or general farm

use that it is possible to build. The posts
are LARGE SIZED GALVANIZED Anchor Posts,
which will outlast wood many times over. The
netting is made of a strong steel wire so woven
together that it is impossible for stock of any kind
to break it.

IRON RAILINGS—ENTRANCE GATES—
WIRE AND IRON FENCES FOR LAWNS,
GARDENS, STOCK PADDOCKS, POULTRY
RUNS, DOG KENNELS, ETC.

We also design and build a great variety of Iron
Arbors for vines and fruit trees, Arches, Plant Sup-
ports, Tree Guards, etc.

Send for Illustrated Catalog

ANCHOR POST IRON WORKS
40 Park Row, New York City

ne SIN

OR FARM AND SHOP WORK. Start @
without cranking; no cams or gears,
Burns Alcohol, Kerosene and Gasoline.

All sizes in stock—2 to 20 horse-
power. Steel connecting rods.- Anti- &
friction bearings; no vibration.
Write for free catalog. Run Sep-
arators, Corn Shredders, Grist
Mills, Pumps, Dynamos. Etc.

DETROIT ENGINE WORKS, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit. Mich., U.S.A.

e
6000 Money-Making Farms
e
For Sale in 14 States
Anendlessvariety in size, priceand
=\—~1, Purpose; stock and tools included
je -eoSr with many. “Strout’s Catalogue No.
4 =| 20,”’ our new 216-page book of bargains, profusely
mY illustrated, containing State Maps, reliable infor-
mation wn farming localities and traveling instructions to see proper-
ties, mailed FREE, if you mention this paper.
We pay railroad fares.

E. A. STROUT CO. 150 Nassau St., New York

HIS sectional

cut shows why
the Spramotor
Hand Sprayer is so
“annem no |effective, Simple and

durable.

There are more
of these Spramotors
in use in Canada
than all others com-
bined.

See latest catalogue,
free.
C. H. Heard
1206 Erie St., Buffalo,N.Y.

| lS eee
\——_ STRAINER, b

May, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

IRONING

Made Easy

Do you want to save your strength, your
time, worry and money and have better @®

ironing? Then use the Simplex ay
Ironer. You can easily iron your

plain clothesand flat work with
it much quicker, better and a
cheaper than by any other 4%
method. Goods leave ironer Rey
beautifully finished, per-
fectly dry and ready to put
away. Achild can operate
it. No backache, headache
or tired feet. The es

IMPLEX IRONER
"THE BEST IRONER:

is made for the smallest home to the largest, for clubs,

hot te., and is sold on
hotels, etes, 80 Days’ FREE Trial.

It soon pays for itself in saving labor, fuel, time and ex-

pense. Costs ic. per hour to heat by gas or gasoline. |
Write for dealer who sells the Simplex in your city.

If no dealer, we ship on 30 Days’ Free Trial. Send for

pee RW LRONING MACHINE CO
AMERIC R :
H-82 E. Lake Street, . - . - CHICAGO, ILL.

Cattle Manure

Shredded or

im Bags Pulverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 lbs.). Write
for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

OLD ENGLISH
GARDEN SEATS

SEND FOR CATALOGUE OF 70 DESIGNS

North Shore Ferneries
BEVERLY, MASS.

{Late Planting

of hardy perennials, shrubs, trees, vines, etc., can

be done with good results by sending into North-

ern Vermont for Horsford’s Hardy Plants for

cold climates—best in quality, lowest in price.

Plants from the NORTH may be set long after

the Southern nurseries have finished shipping.
Ask for catalogue.

F. H. HORSFORD

<=
————S

Charlotte, Vt.

Books by ELLEN GLASGOW
The Ancient Law - - - - $1.50

The Wheel of Life $1.50
The Deliverance’ - - $1.50
The Battle-ground’ - $1.50
The Voice of the People - - $1.50
Uniform set of ACiss Glasgow's Novels
—five volumes— $7.50

The Freeman and Other Poems, $1.55 ppd.

COUNTRY LIFE THe WorLp’s WoRK (?) Tue GARDEN
IN AMERICA KL Macaune

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

UBETIKILL

MICE =~ oy

Exterminates field mice, house mice, and other rodents
in houses, greenhouses, hotbeds, barns and stables. Package
(containing enough Ubet Ikill to kill 1,000 mice) 60 cents, car-

riage paid.
STUMPP & WALTER CO., Distributing Agents
50 Barclay Street, New York City

_ MADE BY

»- WARTZ

BENS BOROUGH, NEW YORK

Tf you are planning to build the Readers’
Service can often give helpjul sug gestions

249

\ Se
Awl

Y Sen A

\)

Tt will pay you
to send for this book.

Mi
$0)

An Old Fashioned
FLOWER GARDEN

Your garden, however small, should contain some
AY of the old fashioned flowers—they are fashionable
This collection will give continuous bloom
NY throughout the season and afford a continuous feast of
color and fragrance. Perennial Phlox, Sweet William,
Columbine, Bachelor’s Button, Pink, Chrysanthemum,
Canterbury Bell, Hollyhock, Chinese Bellflower, Core-
opsis, Foxglove, Perennial Poppy, Larkspur, Astor, Lily
of the Valley, Day Lily; 16 hardy perennial plants
for $2.00; two collections, 32 plants, for $3.50;

three collections, 48 plants,

$4.50 — all prepaid. FREE with each collection, 1
Baby Rambler Rose, blooming size.
rose that blooms continually from earliest spring until snow
flies. Write today for our 1908 Catalog and $50.00

Prize Offers.

BINGHAMTON SEED CO.

Binghamton, N. Y.

100 Court St.

This is the only

WE SEND THIS BOOKLET

to every farmer, orchardist or truck-grower
who wants to increase his profits 25 to 30
per cent. by ridding his orchards, fields and
gardens of the insect pests that damage them

and decrease their crops. The demand for
this book has been very great, showing its
practical value.

SS

of Lead

wn oa
rsenate

SSB

destroys all leaf-eating insects, of every kind, with-
out burning or scorching the foliage, no matter how
strong asolution is used. It is not readily washed off,
and therefore requires fewer applications than any other insecticide—less labor,
smaller expense, larger crops, greater profits. Used and recommended by lead-
ing fruit-growers, truck-farmers, orchardists and shade-tree owners everywhere.

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.,

59 Broad St., BOSTON, MASS.

BORATED TALCUM _
TOILET POWDER

«A SAFE HIT” sasbetis

When Mennen’s was first intro-
duced it made a hit immediately,
and was then and is now specially
recommended by _ physicians
everywhere as perfectly pure
and safe. It has proven a sum-
mer necessity, a boon for comfort
of old and young.

MENNEN’S
BORATED TALCUM
TOILET POWDER

prevents and relieves Chap-
ping, Chafing, Prickly
eat, Sunburn,and all skin
troubles of summer. After
bathing and shaving it is
delightful; in the nursery,
indispensable.

For your protection the
genuine is put up in non-
refillable boxes—the ‘‘Box
that Lox,’? with Mennen’s
faceontop. Guaranteed un-
der the Food and Drugs
Act, June 30,1906. Serial No.
1542. Sold everywhere, or
8 by mail 25cents. Sample

free.

Gerhard Mennen Co.

Newark, N. J.
Try Mennen's Violet (Borated)

Talcum Toilet Powder—it has the
scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets.

Hand Hammered Flower Basket

This illustration shows ONE of the small essential
items that does more than any single article you
can buy to brighten the home, decorate a table, or
gladden a sick-room. Beautifully made of Brass,
HAND HAMMERED, graceful and ornamental
in design, and just such an article as can be handed
down from generation to generation for ages to
come, as it is practically indestructible.

Makes a very handsome present for the many approaching
June Weddings.
12 in. $3.75

Russian Art Shop, 12-14 State St., Chicago,

Comes in three sizes.

18 in’ $5.50 24 in. $7.75

m. |

Ifyou are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can give you helpful suggestions 4p H E G A R D E N

DE LAVAL

CREAM

SEPARATORS
Always in the Lead

From the invention by DE LAVAL of the first practical cream separator in
1878 the DE LAVAL machines have been always in the lead.

The first ‘‘ hollow ”’ bowl cream separator; the first factory cream separa-
tor ; all of the several first styles of hand separators; the first steam turbine
separator ; the first “disc”’ bowl separator, and the first “split-wing” or dis-
tributing tubular shaft separator—were each and all DE LAVAL inventions, each
marking periods of advancing evolution in the usefulness of the cream separator.

So too were the first “tubular” shaped bowl separator; the first bottom feed
separator; the first vertical “blade” bowl separator; the first interior cone con-
struction bowl separator, and numberless other types of construction, each and
all DE LAVAL inventions, though found so impractical or comparatively
inferior, from one reason or another, that they were never put into com-
mercial use in the DE LAVAL machines.

Every would-be competing cream separator on the market today merely
utilizes some patent expired or abandoned DE LAVAL construction, and if any
one of them should make pretense of denying it the patent evidence may be
easily produced showing the falsity or evasion of such denial.

The new 1908 DE LAVAL cream separators mark another great evolution
in cream separator construction, being new and remodelled in practically every
detail, and place a still wider margin of superiority between the DE LAVAL
and even the best of imitating separators.

The DE LAVAL main factories in the United States and Sweden are the
largest and finest of their kind and have ranked for ten years among the model
shops of the world; their equipment is the best that mechanical science and money
canmake it; the twenty smaller DE LAVAL factories, assembling, and repair
shops, in as many different countries, are relatively as superior; the DE LAVAL
inventors and experimental engineers are the best of the men who have shown
practical separator genius in every country, and a large staff of them is kept con-
stantly at the betterment of the DE LAVAL machines, while the shop employes
generally are the most competent and best paid in their various classes.

THE GREAT OBJECT EVER KEPT BEFORE EVERY MEMBER
OF THE DE LAVAL PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATION IS THE
MAKING OF THE BEST CREAM SEPARATOR POSSIBLE AND
EVER THE MAKING OF IT BETTER THIS YEAR THAN LAST
YEAR.

These are the reasons why the DE LAVAI. machines began in the lead and
have kept it from 1878 to 1908, excelling all attempted imitation and competi-
tion in even greater degree today than at any past time.

The new 1908 DE LAVAL catalogue—affording an education in separator
knowledge—is to be had for the asking.

The De Laval Separator Co.

4 173-177 William Street
Chicago General Offices; Montreal

42 E. Madison Street.

1213 &1215 Filbert St. 74 Cortlandt Street 14 & 16 Princess Street
Philadelphia Winnipeg
Drumm & Sacramento Sts. NEW YORK. 107 First Street.
San Francisco Portland, Oreg.

MAGAZINE May, 1908

Spring Pastures

ie maintaining the milk flow of a dairy
herd there are two crucial seasons;
the first in the fall when pastures are
short and lacking in nutrition, and the
second in spring when the transition is
made from the dry winter feed to the fresh
pastures. The first is easily tided over
when one has abundance of succulent
fodder corn, but the spring change is less
easily managed, for the season is not far
enough advanced to make a green crop
possible. A full ration of silage is perhaps
the best solution, but if ithas been fed through-
out the winter even that will not maintain
the full flow.

Few people appreciate root crops at their
full value and very little attention has been
paid to them, mainly because the labor
of harvesting them is considered too heavy.
However, those who have tried them would
not be without a full supply at this season.
There seems to be nothing which will fully
take their place in tiding over the few weeks
when cow nature seems to be pining for
the green fields and the grass is not yet
mature enough to furnish the best milk-
producing ration.

Too much haste in opening pastures to
the stock results very disastrously. Before
the soil has settled from the heaving of the
frost and the sod is still soft, the trampling
destroys so many roots that later in the
season the pasture furnishes poor grazing
and is permanently injured. If practicable
pastures should be carefully rolled each spring
before any stock is allowed therein. If
rolling is out of the question, there is nothing
to do but wait till the sod is firm or suffer
the consequences. It will also pay well
to run the smoothing harrow over the
smooth pastures to distribute the last sea-
son’s droppings, tear up the dead and
matted grass and stimulate the fresh
growth. This is also a good season to
remove stones, stumps, and brush. A
little dynamite is an invaluable helper on
the larger and more refractory ones. In
the hands of a person of ordinary intelli-
gence and caution there is no danger
attending its use, but it is best to leave
the entire handling of it in the hands of
one person.

The first growth of grass has a tendency
to cause various disorders of the digestive
and milk-producing organs. Inflammation
of the udder or “garget” is particularly
common with cows in full flow of milk.
The popular treatment is a little powdered
saltpetre given in the grain feed occasion-
ally. In small doses and used with judg-
ment it is very effective but incautiously
used it is a dangerous remedy. Teaspoon-
ful doses used no oftener than required
need cause no uneasiness. For the slight
digestive troubles incident to the sudden
change of feed the same sized dose of hypo-
sulphite of soda, the common “hypo” of
the amateur photographer, will be found
of the greatest service. Giving stock the
run of the pastures for only a part of the
day at first is advocated by many but where
there is not abundant help this will be

May, 1908

THE

Write to the Readers’ Servi
G A R D E N M A G A Ly I N E suggestions Prep aeata 201

Increase the Yield of

Your Garden

by using the IGOE TOMATO AND
PLANT SUPPORTS. They will mean
amore abundant crop of Tomatoes of
superior quality, and more beauty and
success of your heavily flowered plants,
such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow,

Chrysanthemums, etc.

The Best and Strongest Support Made.

REPAYS
THE COST
MANY

MADE
STRONG
AND LIGHT

TIMES OF HEAVY
OVER IN GALVAN-
A SINGLE IZED
SEASON

PRICES:

Peemizen Dozen). . 2 blu/9
p=>= Per50,$7.00;per100,$12.50 ()

Send for Price List and Catalogue

IGOE BROTHERS

61-73 Metropolitan Ave.

Lawn Grass

The best that grows. A mixture care-
fully blended, which will produce a
Lawn that will retain its rich green
color and velvety appearance through-

out the entire Summer.
Qt. 25c. 4qt.85c. bu. $1.50 bu. $5.00
Delivered Free

Sherman & Eberle
Albany, N. Y.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Our Challenge |
There can be but one “Best,”
“Strongest,” “Most Practical,” close mesh Tree Guard
“Longest Lasting,” or “Most ®% 10% an¢ 12” Diam. 6’ High
Durable”; and we defy any

other maker or dealer to prove that WHEELOCK
alone has not the SOLE right to these terms.

We are the only makers of a guaranteed RUST PROOF Fence, all others,

save some poultry netting, are made of common wiped galvanized wires (with
three-fourth of the zinc spelter wiped off). Weare the originators of Flower
Bed Guards, Trellis, Arches, Garbage Can Protectors and all RUST PROOF
goods in this line. :

Handsome booklet Dept. F.

Remember the name “ WHEELOCK
RUST PROOF.” Accept no other.

Wheelock Rust Prof WRIGHT WIRE CO., WORCESTER, MASS.

ence Dept.

Trellis and Flower Bed Guard

13” and 19” Wide 16” and 22” High

For Sale by up-to-date
“ SQUARE.”’ Dealers.

We guarantee our goods to be vastly su-
perior to all copies and imitations.

Red Cedar Treasure Chest Guaranteed “Moth Proof’

es CHEST is an ideal wedding or birthday gift,
such a work of art and such a jewel of utility that it
becomes a cherished heirloom in every family. It is an
elegant piece of furniture heavily bound wiih copper,
studded with copper nails; of dull, natural finish, built of
d inch fragrant red cedar, furnished with tray, and guar-
anteed moth pruof. However, this is but one of the many
beautiful styles of chests and couches we make, shipping
direct from factory to homes for free examination. If not
entirely satisfactory, we pay freight both ways.

For Want of ‘Moth
Proof'’ Cedar Chest

EAS TE RN
NURSERIES

Send for our descriptive
illustrated booklet

Everpthing for the
Hardy Garden

M.M. DAWSON, Manager |

JAMAICA PLAIN - MASS.

The Readers? Servi ist you 7
252 selecting proper hardware jor yourhome THE GARDEN MAGAZINE May, 1908

“NATURAL GUANO”
PULVERIZED SHEEP MANURE

Best natural plant food, pure and unadulterated,
unexcelled for lawns, vegetables and flowers. The
crude manure is taken from covered barns where
sheep are fed for the market and is therefore much
richer than manures exposed to the weather. It is
thoroughly dried, ground and sterilized so that
weed seeds are killed. We always have a large
supply on hand, and can fill your order. Price
for 100 Ib. bag $2.50, freight prepaid. Cash with
order. Larger quantities on application. Ask
your dealer for our ‘‘Natural Guano,’’ Pulverized
Sheep Manure, or write us direct.

NATURAL GUANO COMPANY

AURORA, ILLINOIS

For a Succession of

Beautiful Flowering Shrubs
Plant Early in the Spring

Peonies and Irises
Should be Ordered Now

Send for Our iNew Catalogue

Shatemuc Nurseries

Barrytown Dutchess Sc. WN VY.

¥3

fi

ERE’S MONEY IN

FARMING

If you understand Modern Methods and

FARM INTELLIGENTLY
Every reader of THE GarDEN MaGAzInE who
is interestec in farming or gardening, in the
growing of fruit or of flowers, is invited to
send for a free copy of our 80-page catalogue
and full information in regard to the Home.
Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture,
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which
we offer under Prof. Brooks of the Massachu-
setts Agricultural Cellege and Prof. Craig of
the Cornell University.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass.

COMPETENT GARDENERS

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want
to engage one write to us. Please give particulars re-
garding place and say whether married or single man is
wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the
best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and
37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

W. W. FOWLER, B. S., M. A.
CONSULTING AGRICULTURIST CHESTER, PA.
Advises in regard to Fertilizers, Feeding,
and Plant Diseases.

An agricultural “Arabian Nights’’

The Romance of the Reaper
Pe ower Ws CASSON

Author of ““The Romance of Steel,’’
““The Great Races of America,’ Ete.

This book makes clear, for the first time, why Ameri-
) cans monopolize the harvester
business of the world. Itisa
wonderful story of our most
useful business—a medley of
mechanics, millionaires, kings,
inventors and farmers. 16
Eee pages of photographs.

$1.10 Postpaid

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD’s WoRK bid THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YORK.

found to interfere with the field work too
seriously at this busy season.

Plan to have sufficient silage to last till
pastures are fit. If you have roots, feed
them as a supplement to the silage. Be
sure to have a cellar full of mangels, sugar
beets and carrots next year. Drag and roll
the pastures if you can, and don’t turn
the stock on until sure it will bear the stock
without cutting. Then watch carefully
for any disorders that may be caused by the
sudden change in feed. The milk record
will show the results.

Pennsylvania. V8e 105 18,

Practical Garden Costumes for
Women

ALtsCrE my garden dress may involve

a little trouble in the making, itamply re-
pays, being durable and thoroughly suitable.

The waist is the regulation shirt-waist
cut about an inch and a half below the waist
line. This is gathered into a belt or band
two and one-half inches wide and about
two inches larger than my actual waist
measure. ‘The lower edge of this band is left
open and into this I insert the top of an
underskirt, long enough to extend a little
below the knees. Any old wash dress skirt
will answer for this purpose.

My outside skirt is made of seme woolen
material, such as flannel serge, panama
cloth—anything, in fact, that will wash well
and is not too heavy. Cotton I have found
will not do, as it gets too bedraggled. The
material is shrunk before being made up, and
is of some quiet color, such as brown or
gray. I get very wide material and use a
seven-gored pattern. Ifanold dressskirt that
is somewhat worn at the bottom is more
convenient, it can be shortened and rebound.

A light-weight, broad-brimmed hat pro-
tects my head from the sun, but if I have to
do much stooping I wear a sunbonnet the
cape of which protects the back of my neck.
A pair of old gloves or mitts made out of a
pair of stockings tops in which are stitched
short fingers and thumbs cover my hands,
and the latter can also be drawn up over the
arms to protect the sleeves.

New York. Cora A. STAFFORD.

AN APRON WITH LONG SLEEVES

When working in my garden, I wear a
long-sleeved apron of dark blue duck made
the length of my skirt. It is closed at the
back to almost the waist-line, so that I can,
if I wish, wear it without a skirt. Instead
of the regulation turned-down collar (which
almost all aprons of this kind have) the neck
is bound with a narrow piece of the duck, so
that whatever pretty trimming I have around
the neck of my waist will show. My gar-
dening shoes are thicker and wider than those
I usually wear and have a heavy, welted
sole. A sunbonnet of the kind sometimes
known as a “slat” bonnet and a pair of
leather gloves one or two sizes too large, with
holes cut in the palms for ventilation, com-
plete my very comfortable and serviceable
garden costume.

Canada. Mary W. RITCHIE.

May, 1908

The Readers’ Service is prepared to

Garven Cerra Cotta

Ai i 4
MIRTH TS Tees) >
4 se ares (f28

(NeW ant

22-in.

No. 179 Wide

Italian Pots, Flower Boxes, Vases, Sun-
Dials, Statuary, etc.
SPECIAL DESIGNS EXECUTED

ITAL-
IAN
POTS

14 Sizes

WILLIAM GALLOWAY
32d and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia
CATALOGUE SENT UPON REQUEST

BLIZZARD Ensilage Cutter

gy 4 with wind elevator,either mounted or unmounted.
Cuts hay, straw, feed, etc. Elevates to any
height. Strong, durable, economical. Fully
guaranteed. Send for new illustrated

catalogue FREE.

JOSEPH DICK
AGRICULTURAL WORKS
Box 97 Canton, 0.

WITH OR

_SUN-DIALS wick
aim PEDESTALS

Send for illustrated
price list H 29

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, III.

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

THE SPANISH JADE
By MAURICE HEWLETT

A romance of old Spain, as rich in color,

as vivid and unforgetable as the Spain of Bizet.

Illustrated by W. Hyde. $1.00 postpaid.
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 E. 16th St. N. Y.

MONEY IN
h MUSHROOMS

Read how we have
successfully grown

mushrooms for 25
years for big profits,
and learn all about
our Imperial Spawn
which we place direct and
fresh in the hands of the
grower. Not dried and
infertile but_moist and
full of life. We make it
and use it in our own
beds with invariable suc-
cess. Mushrooms are eas-
ily grown at home in cellars,
sheds, stables, boxes, etc.
all the year. Previous experience or capital not needed. We teach
you the business and our methods FREE and tell you where to
sell what you raise. Send today for big 32 page free booklet and
Jearn how to make a start.

EPT. 55

National Spawn & Mushroom Co., poston.’ iass.

SITs Eres Gy Ale Dale New VI AKG AVION: Gavise parents iin regard le schools 253
ICAN PRESERVE YOUR OLD TREES
ES : ai * Proper feeding of an old tree to give fresh vigor is an important

part of my method of treatment. After decay has been arrested and
all dead or useless limbs removed, I give specia! attention to starting
new growth.

The art of tree surgery is comparatively new, but it is based
on scientific princi-
ples of plant growth
and a knowledge of
the causes of disease
and decay.

My expert crews were working on the historic
trees of Mount Vernon last October, November and
December.

I undertake the management of orchards, as well as

all kinds of ornamental plantations, grading, surveying;

making flower gardens and herbaceous borders; and give

professional advice on estate management.

(Gs Write to me about any subject concerning care of trees,
and I will give you my opinion, based on years of
experience.

PRACTICAL FORESTRY
LANDSCAPE GARDENING

This Holly was planted by George Washington.
At the request of the Mt. Vernon Association injuries

PLANS and CONSULTATIONS
from wind storms and decay were repaired; the top was

JOHN T. WITHERS
crowned and weakened branches bolted to a reinforcing

1 Montgomery Street JERSEY CITY, N. J. trod. The tree now has a new lease of life.

Those Teeth

Preventslippiag by 8 inch blades, $2.00
igripping the Gy es 2.52

branches and elimi- IO 3.03

nate half the labor

the feature
of these shears
is the serrated
edge running along
the entire length of one
blade. This slight change
saves half of the fatiguing
effort that is required to oper-
ate ordinary hedge shears. It
does away with stopping for adjust-
ment, as in the notched shears. They
cut without slipping at any part of the
blade. No more waste of time or energy
over the grind stone. The teeth are sloped to-
ward the point so that the cutting blade is sharp-
ened by each successive stroke. Made in Sheffield
for the Benton Company, after the perfectly balanced
English model.

The Neverslip Garden Tools

have the same non-slipping and self-sharpening features as the Neverslip
Hedge Shears and are of the same high standard of workmanship, See page
193, April, 1908, issue of Garden Magazine for illustrations.
Neverslip Prnners No. 100, Californian Patent = .75
Never-lip Pruners No. 108, Loop Ifandle = = 1.25
Neverslip Branch Shears, Made in Sheffield - + 4.00
Plain Grass Shears, 5 1-2 inches - - = - 40
Onsale at lending dealers, or order by mail at published prices.
Express prepaid for orders of $2.00 or more £0) all a east oe MISSI,
i a vinted matter giving testimontals from promiumen orticullur-
Rochester, N. Y. eS detailed Sip at, sent on request,
GEO. E. BENTON COMPANY 99 Reade St., New York.

Vick’s Dablias

are as famous as Vick’s Asters, and
are making many new friends every

year. They are fully described in
VICK’S GARDEN AND FLORAL GUIDE

which tells about Vick Quality Seeds, Plants and
Bulbs. Mailed free on request.
James Vick’s Sons

362 Main St. East

Largest Smee Stock of |
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogues on Application |

A strong grower; prolific, firm, and
a good shipper. Round, attractive red. De-
licious. Limited stock. 25 plants, 50c;
60 plants, $1.00; will grow $20 worth.
Sent postpaid. Catalog all kinds of fruit
plants free. Seine
Binghamton Seed Co. pineanron, w. ¥.

SY Buyers grab the “W. H. Taft” Strawberry
<> quick
—_—

~

VTA

qe 5
Ss"

ey

PittsBurG, PA. |

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO.,
are the most popular flowers
of to-day. In our 1908 Seed

PE R E N N | A L S and Plant Catalogue you will

find a very complete list. Also of insecticides for the protec-
tion of your flowering plants and shrubs. We mail it free.

H. E. FISKE SEED CO.,
12 and 13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, nS

254

property ?

What is a fair rental for a given
Ask the Readers’ Service

POMATO
SUPPORTS

Made of
Galvanized |
Wire, Will
not Rust or |
Harbor

Insects.

MODEL V

No. 6
Wire

WO
Sy

Tomato Vines

produce larger and healthier
tomatoes when supported
by the Parker-Bruen Toma-
to Support.

The vine, relieved of the
strain, centers all of its
growing strength in the
tomatoes themselves, thus
developing the fruit.

Write for illustrated pamphlet,
“For the Greenhouse and Garden.”’

PARKER-BRUEN MFG, CO.
St. James Building NEW YORK

CHOICE ASTER PLANTS, restine Varieties

Seventy-five varieties, Standard sorts per hundred 30c, per
thousand $2, per ten thousand $18.00, per hundred thousand
$150.00. Send for list.

BARNES’ GARDENS, Spencer, Indiana

Adjustable Garden Cultivator

The most useful hand garden tool on thie
market.

It will pull out the weeds, pulverize the
ground thoroughly leaving it level, works
where other implements fuil.

It will work between the rows, or the
center shovel can be removed. and straddle \\
the row if desired. a

It is adjustable in width by sliding thc@Fa\\em
top plate.

It is the lightest, weighing but three
pounds complete with long handle, and the _
strongest, as the blades are forged out ofa “***é
solid steel rod. Net $1.00.

Catalogue ‘‘R” now published, mailed free on application.

Headquarters for all the Best Manufacturers of Agricultural Implements.

J. S. WOODHOUSE

189 Water St. New York

Feeding the Young Chicks
Ge are many different yet successful

methods of feeding, “little and often’’
being the best rule at first. We have had excel-
lent success with the dry mixed grain feeds,
supplemented with one, often two, feeds of
green stuff and one of soft feed each day.
We have never had thriftier, better chicks
than when one meal a day was of stale
bread soaked in milk, with enough ground
corn, oats and bran mixed with it to soak
up all surplus moisture. A little boiled
egg mixed with bran is good, but too much
is constipating. If moist feed is given
care should be taken that none is left to
sour.

As a general rule, however, nothing is
better at first than the mixed feeds, of
good, sound grains. A little fine grit is
needed with the first feed, chopped lettuce,
cabbage or a little apple furnishing the
needed succulence. Chopped onions and
onion tops are excellent and healthful, and
if there is any likelihood of gapes, give
chopped onions. every day.

As soon as the ground can be worked
sow the runs to dwarf Essex rape, barley, or
oats fora later supply of green feed. Rolled
oats and pinhead oatmeal are good occa-
sionally, and pearled barley and broken
rice are excellent to furnish variety. Millet
seed is good, but some chicks do not seem
to care for it. Kaffir corn, whole wheat and
cracked corn are excellent as the chicks
grow older. Good wheat bran may also be
fed separately in a dish so that the chicks
can help themselves.

dry mash in hoppers, from which the chicks
can eat as often and as much as desired.
No one feed, however, is as good as a variety.
Charcoal should be always accessible and
an abundance of pure water supplied in such
a way that filth is kept out of it, is a necessity.
Scald the drinking vessels frequently. Rice
boiled in milk is excellent as a cure for
diarrhoea.

A good variation in the chicks’ feed is
a cake made of equal parts of ground oats,
with the hulls sifted out, corn meal, and wheat
bran with a little good beef scrap and a
little salt. Some add baking powder or
soda. This is better if moistened with
milk instead of water before baking.

When chicks are confined good beef
scrap is Indispensable to best results after the
first week, unless green.cut bone is available.
I know of fine chicks being raised later in
the season, on free range in the orchard,
on a feed of cracked corn and beef scrap

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

If one has but little time to spend feed a_

May, 1905

|MORE MILLIONS USE

} :
i | marline sooner or later==sooner the |
[THAN EVER BEFORE ] better-for you.

ILLETT’S

Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue
of over 50 pages, which tells about
this class of plants. It’s free.

EDWARD GILLETT, Soutawick, Mass.

KILLWEED

USED TO KILL WEEDS ON PATHS, GRAVEL
WALKS AND GUTTERS.

Price $1.00 per Gallon.
Francis Lynch, Agt., 78 Clinten St., Newburgh, N. Y.

MANLOVE

Automatic Gate
Saves time, adds to value
safety, beauty and pleasure of
home.

MANLOVE GATE CO.
272 E. Huron St., Chicago, Ill.

Thorburn’s Lawn Grass Seeds

Containing a mixture of the finest Grasses: Quart 25c, 2 quarts 45c
4 quarts 80c. Sent prepaid by mail to any address in the Unite
States. Write for Catalogue.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., 33 Barclay St., New York

Apollo Lawn Sweeper
Makes the Ideal Lawn

Sweeps like a carpet-sweeper. Picks up dead
grass, leaves, sticks, stones and all litter. Takes ,
out worm casts, ant hills, crab grass, etc. Actually |
improves the turf. Gives the lawn a chance to take
# on that beautiful, rich green, velvety app irance.

Runs Easier than a Lawn Mower

Ask Your Dealer, or Write Us For
Booklet showing the Apollo at work
and telling all about it. Write @
today to dees

The Greene Mfg. Co.,

50 Sycamore St.,
Springfield, O.

Ag’ts
wanted
in every
State—ex-
clusive terri-
tory — profits
Jarge.

May, 1908

PhS GAD N MAG AZ UNE

The Readers’ Service will give lee
information about motor boals 255

vigorously when moved to the lawns of purchasers. his because
they are made strong and healthy inthe nursery and must be well

a

developed and well rooted to leave it, and when they do leave it are care-
fully dug and thoroughly packed to preserve them in the longest transit.

EVERGREENS are our leading specialty.

the quality of our stock is nowhere surpassed.
SHADE TREES, straight and nicely headed, in lavish quantities.
FLOWERING SHRUBS, 500 kinds, in bushy, healthy, condition.

ORNAMENTAL VINES HARDY GARDEN ROSES
OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS
There is some tree or plant in our immense stock for every place and pur-
pose that may arise in planting the lawn.

PLANTING TIME IS HERE. Send now forour HORTICULTURAL ART BOOK
that describes and lists the immense stock we offer.

To; WA lil, Mimons Comeawyc

Philadelphia Office, 21 South 12th St. Makefield Terrace, MORRISVILLE, PA.

The number of varieties and

BUILDING MATERIAL BARGAINS IN OAK, CYPRESS, MAPLE, |
WHITE AND YELLOW PINE AT HALF DEALERS’ PRICES

5,000

Grand Millwork Catalog FREE!

SAVE 509% ON STAIR WORK
Latest Styles in Finest Hardwoods

Our Stair Department enables you to build a
complete flight of stairs from our stock ata great
saving. We furnish all stair ree
material in Plain Red Oak
or Yellow Pine.

ESTIMATES
FREE

Oak Stair, Complete, $28.59 Pear aaa

Including Steps, Risers, Starting Newel, Angle
Newels, Balusters, Rail, Faceand Wall Stringers

HARDWOOD FLOOR for Room 10x12 ft. $7.68
Genuine Red Oak, % in. by 134 in.—Seasoned, Matched, ready
to lay. Price per 100 lineal feet, random lengths, wrapped in] }livery Guaranteed.
Cheaper and better thana good
Sanitary—artistic—durable. Millions of feet in stock
for quick shipment. Send Room Dimensions for FREE ESTIMATE.

paper, quality guaranteed, 8oc.
carpet

BEAMED CEILINGS

for ordinary sized Dining 15
Room or Reception Hall>

ordinarily cost $125 to hae Send] hardwood at

construction, designs, net cost.

HARDWOOD FINISH at}|securely fastened
Less Than Usual Cost

ot Pine :
Just as beautiful and lasting as}| Finish your home in beautiful] | Dealer’s price $3.50

less than your|]All gardeners’ sup-
size of room for detail showing} local dealer asks for white or}|plies at half eel
yellow pine. See our Catalog.}| prices.

525 STYLES OF DOORS]

50% Below Regular Prices}
Largest stock of High-Grade |;

Doors in America,

Prices, 80c to $16:

Our big line ofPine
Doors embraces every |#
sty 1leinde- -
mand.

We save
you $3.00 to
$5 00 each on
Hardwood
Doors.

Most com-
plete and ar-
tistic line in ;
the country. Write
Veneered Oak i to-day
Doors, $3.25 FEI oe s for
and up. Art ayere
Front Doors, GRAND
$1.70 and up. FREE

CATALOG

pment. Safe De-

_ Size 3x6 feet, 1%
inches thick ,glazed
with 45 lights of 6
inch glass. Bars

on bottom rail
price each $1.60

$1.60

Buy Your Entire House Bill From Us. Write For Grand Free Catalog

We Ship Anywhere From Our Mammoth Plant In Davenport, Iowa
Quality, Safe Delivery and Satisfaction Absolutely Guaranteed

GORDON-VAN TINE CO., 859 Chase St., Davenport, lowa

ebay

Keep Your Drives Clean

Don’t Dig Weeds

Kill them with THISTLEINE. Spray the walks,
driveways and gutters with THISTLEINE. ONE
SPRAYING WILL KEEP THEM FREE
FROM WEEDS AND GRASS THE ENTIRE
SEASON. Kills Dandelions, Burdock and Canada Thistles.
5-POUND CAN OF THISTLEINE will make
sufficient solution TO SPRAY 4,000 SQUARE FEET.

Price $2.00. If your dealer doesn’t keep it send money direct to

LINDGREN CHEMICAL CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Used for four years by the City of Grand Rapids and offictally endorsed

If you own a home you have felt the need of just such a cart as
this. It takes the place of the back-breaking wheelbarrow that spoils
the lawn. It will save the cost soon, because it has a use for every
day inthe year. These details show how it is built for a lifetime
of service.

Removable Rack of hardwood strips, natural finish, 38x53 x8in. Box 27x42x10f in.
Side wheels 30 in. with } in. steel wire spokes and 3 in. steel rims.

Front wheels 18 in. with 3-16 in. stee] wire spokes and 14 in. steel rims.

Capacity 500 to 800 pounds.

The Boxes of these carts are built of clear dry bass wood with hard wood sills and
extra hard wood strips running full length to support bottom boards and front wheel brack-
ets. They are also reinforced with steel frame, hardwood correr posts and 4 inch coid
drawn steel tie rods.

The Gears are after our own pattern and made of the best of steel

The Wheels have electrically welded rims and steel wire spokes.
braces are used, thereby giving additional strength to running gear.

The Foot is patented and of special design. It is unique in that it provides a reliable
rest while cart is being loaded, and serves as a brake on steep grades or in slippery weather.

The Finish is dark green box with red gears and orange str
handles are made of hardwood with natural finish.

Price, complete with 3 or 4 wheels, $30.00

net cash with order. Crated and delivered F. O. B. Cars any city in the U. S., east
of the Mississippi.

SWARTWOUT & MOTT UTICA, N. Y.

Extra front wheel

g The rack and

Tf you are planning to build the Readers’
256 Service can ojten give helpful sug gestion

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE Mass 1908s

“BONORA”

The great boon for plant life of every variety
and description.

“BONORA” will make your vegetables take
root quickly, maturing them two
to three weeks earlier, almost
doubling the production.

“BONORA”’ will make your rose bushes
bloom in profusion, and your
strawberries sweet and large.

‘‘BONORA”? will make your lawns look like
velvet.

Going to Build?
What about Heating?

qis is just one right way to warm a house and that
is with fresh air direct trom out-of-doors, warmed
to the correct temperature and then FORCED to
every room in the building.

The KELSEY Warm Air Generator with the ZIG-

ZAG Heat Tubes is the only warm air heater
that will accomplish these results under all conditions.
qr KELSEY has double the weight and heat-

ing surfaces of the ordinary furnace, warms air by
a better method and saves 20 to 30 per cent in fuel.

THE ZIG-ZAG Heat Tubes do it

Send for RBoozlet about the KELSEY and r12.page book
of Opinions with pictures of 250 KELSEY Heated Homes

KELSEY HEATING CO.
Main Office, 203 Fayette St., Syracuse, N.Y.
154 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. City

Read what an eminent authority has to say:

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS
Seeds, Bulbs and Plants
Floral Park, N. ¥.

Borora Chemical Co., New York City.
Dear Sirs:—

I received the ‘BONORA”’ you shipped me some time
ago, and it is certainly a fine fertilizer for plant life of every
variety. Extensive trials in our greenhouses leave no doubt
whatever as to its efficiency. Plants which received but two
applications showed decided improvement almost from the
Start.

Therefore, I can strongly recommend it to any one grow-
ing plants, asit is entirely odorless and easily applied.

Very truly yours,

ADOLF JAENICKE,
Supt. of Trials and Private Department of John Lewis Childs.

Ask your dealer for it or order direct.

Put up in dry form inall size Be as follows:

1lb. making 28 gallons postage 65
Splbse lO » $2.50
TO Mos, “Ax ° see aye 75)

Bonora Chemical Co.
488-492 Broadway New York

$1.00 Mexican Palm Leaf Hat t 50

A comfortable, durable hat for fishing, outings and i
gardening. Guaranteed genuine Mexican hand-
woven from palm fibre. Double weave. light @@
weight; colored design in brim. Retails at
$1.00. Postpaid for soc, to introduce our
Mexican and Panama hats. Same hat
plain 4oc, both 75c. All sizes.

Special Offer. For $1.00 we will send post-
paid 2 hats like cut, with a nice specimen of
Genuine Matrix Turquoise free. Art catalog Mexican and Panama hats pice
THE FRANCIS FE. LESTER CO., Dept. J. 5, MESILLA PARK, N. 9

THE FARM LIBRARY

SOILS by S. W. Fletcher FARM MANAGEMENT by F. W. Card
FARM ANIMALS by E. V. Wilcox COTTON by Charles W. Burkett and Clarence H. Poe

Each Illustrated from Photographs $2.20 Prepaid

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WORK (2) THe GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEW YORK,

Burke’s Automatic Vacuum Hose Coupling.
Paints buildings, whitewashes, pumps
water from cellars, empties cesspools, etc. No odor.

BURKE, 78 Hudson St., Boston, Mass. j

Great Seller

ALPINE 2 Gentians, Edelweiss, 13 other $2

plants, postage paid, $2.50.
PLANTS Send for catalogue, 600 varieties

English Home of Alpine Plants

Southport Kingsbridge Devon, England

Agents Wanted

=

THE MT. DESERT NURSERIES, BAR HARBOR

err ction aka ie sisapelal mga

Hardy Stock from a Hardy Climate
Northern Trees and Shrubs for Landscape Planting and for Gardens

Hardy Herbaceous Garden Plants

in their most beautiful kinds and finest forms, a long developed specialty
Write for Catalogue

Bar Harbor, Maine

Packing done with greatest care

The Mt. Desert Nurseries

which is accessible at all times. Under
such circumstances, they pick up insects and
green stuff which they cannot get earlier
in the séason, when some substitute must
be provided.

Chicks hatched in incubators and kept in
brooders entirely separate from old’ birds,
are not so subject to attacks of lice, but
they do sometimes hecome infested. Vig-
orous treatment of the chicks with insect
powder and of the brooders with lice killers
and disinfectants is necessary. The brood-
ers should be cleaned frequently and kept
as clean and sweet as possible, but don’t
confine the chicks in them too quickly after
treatment.

To sum up, the chicks must be kept warm,
dry, clean, out of drafts of air or high winds,
given plenty of good feed, and as much
outdoor exercise and as extended range
as possible.

The secret of successful chicken raising
early in the season is to supply what the
chicken would get for itself later in the year.

New Jersey. F. H. VALENTINE.

Testing Seed in the Incubator

AN INCUBATOR may be _ utilized

for testing seeds with very little
trouble. If the machine is not in use, a false
tray may be made to take the place of the
egg tray. Fill it with sand, put the seed in
this sand, moisten thoroughly and cover with

a moist cloth. This cloth is divided into
squares which are numbered, and under each
square are planted seeds corresponding to the
number on the square. Keep the temper-
ature at about 80 or 85 degrees. It will not

_ be necessary to water the sand more than
_ once or twice, and as the heat is uniform

all over the tray the seeds will germinate
simultaneously.

When the machine is in use for hatching,
use platters instead of the false tray, placing
the seeds between two pieces of flannel.
Keep the seed moist. The platters are
placed under the egg tray in what is called
the “chick nursery.’ While the tempera-

| ture is Somewhat higher than is necessary,

it will not injure the seeds, but will cause
them to germinate more quickly.
Missouri. H. F. GRINSTED.

May, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 257

WASN'T YOUR NEIGHBOR FOOLISH ?

Didn’t he make a chump of himself? Wasn’t it about the most senseless thing he ever did when he
bought that ‘‘cheap”’ cream separator from a ‘‘mail order” concern that never manufactured a separator
of any kind, and switches from year to year to the separator that can be bought the cheapest? Where
is your neighbor going to get repairs? Why, he doesn’t even know who built his separator, and the
most important thing for a man to know when he buys a ‘‘cheap’’ separator is where to buy repairs
every week.

There stands your neighbor’s separator, down and out; broken; only used a few weeks; money
wasted. Perhaps he could repair it if he knew where to get repairs, but he doesn’t know. The fact
is, there is no place to get them; his separator was one of a job lot sold “‘cheap’’ by a manufacturer
who knew it was no good, and who unloaded his stock on a catalog house for what he could get.

Now he’s out of business.

The Tubular Cream Separator

copy

yee ine _ Why didn’t your neighbor do as you are
going to do? Why didn’t he buy a Tubular f

Easy to oil Cream Separator, built and guaranteed by the @
Se ~ ee largest cream separator factory in the world and | }
eae! Sai the oldest in America. For twenty-eight years !

No dirty oil cups we have been building cream separators at West is

No bothersome discs Chester, Pa., and TUBULAR separators are used

Simple, durable, in every dairy district of the world.
convenient, hand-

some and profit-
able bi oF Discarded Mail Order Separator

ROBESONIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

After using a mail order cream separator for six months I decided to discard H
that machine and purchase a No. 4 Tubular Separator. The mail order separator '
would separate only 275 pounds of milk per hour, and did not give a thorough
separation. I can skim two buckets of milk in four minutes. The mail order

I am more than pleased with the purchase I made

NoWonder They Are Pleased femurs es |

So neat raed i We know how to build separators that will
aap all Order: Separator. wear, and we are always where you can reach us

SoutH ScHroon, New York.

ye The Tubular gives us pest safaction, ‘Ths longerwe wc sethe bere weitke ss | when you want us. That’s something you can |
TOV , of go, oa i ¥

little Bit fae Reaitorainaniand to wash and hard to keep clean; while the Tubular is easy tell your neighbor about TUBULARS. Maybe
to run, easy to wash and easy to keep clean. L. W. WHITNEY i : f

as Bree he would like to get right. Maybe he would like }

Tubular Has No Rival. a little help. Probably he would like to have a |

a ZIMMERMAN, LSS ESET TUBULAR if he could get a little something |

7 v yt rom °
eerste IE SE beats ean teers Gpeisamueichoaiseteatai=——"abautia for his paGinealp a separator. Maybe we can help

oO I bough ine, andi to th il ths ago. For skimming the 3 : 3
Pubularhas no rival inmy opinions him. Won’t you suggest that he write for our
new catalog No. 215? It tells all about it.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR COMPANY
West Chester, Pa.

Chicago, Il. San Francisco, Cal.

258 TW intcione Rees Seu’ THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

2-room cottage 11' x 14’ with 7'x 9' kitchen ell and piazza, built for Dr. Blake, Long Meadow, Mass.

Portable Houses

For Camps, Cottages, Garages and Every Purpose

HE old style portable house of poor construction and box-like effect has given way
to one of graceful lines, careful assembling and adaptation toclimatic changes. Its
great convenience, inexpensiveness and durability is apparent.

For 25 years we have been perfecting our portable houses, and we now manufacture
a complete line of high grade construction and specialize in Summer Cottages, Garages
and Hunters’ Camps.
Our houses are shipped complete in every detail and can be put up without any
previous experience, in a few hours, according to the size of the house.

We have a little booklet telling about our houses, giving dimensions,

prices and other particulars, fully illustrated, which we would be pleased

to send you upon request. Send for it to-day.

We refer to Dun’s or Bradstreets, or the Union Trust Company, Springfield

Springfield Portable Construction Co.,Inc.

64 WALTHAM AVENUE, SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

A Concrete Cottage at Haworth, N. J.

Do you want a home that will not burn, be a good investment,
need no repairs, paint or fire insurance, that is warmer in
winter and cooler in summer? If you do

our CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES | will

book (SECOND EDITION) help
you. It contains photographs and floor plans of over
150 Concrete Houses, ranging in price from $2,000
to $200,000. The houses not only show a large variety of

design, but are of several different sys-
9 tems of concrete construction. These
@ are not imaginary sketches, but houses
% already built and designed by the best
architects in the country.

‘ This book, 168 pages (size 10 x 12), will be
sent express prepaid upon receipt of $1.00

The Atlas Portland Cement Co.
“Inquiry Dept.” 30 Broad Street, New York

a?
PORTLAND “2\

ee ee

HOME-MADE

ACETYLENE GAS

CHEAPER than oil — BRIGHTER than
electricity —SAFER than tallow candles!

The Sunlight ‘‘Omega’’ machine makes the
gas automatically — No trouble — No care!

142,000 ENTHUSIASTIC USERS

WHY NOT YOU?

Our Free Booklet tells you how to brighten up
your home—Get it!

SUNLIGHT GAS MACHINE CO.
47 Warren St., New York

Want a Record Crop
of Peas and Beans

or a Thick, Hardy

Lawn?

You can have them—and finer sweet peas, or an increased
crop of clover, alfalfa or any other legume—the very best re-
sults with the least trouble and expense, by using

FARMOGERM

High-Bred Nitrogen-Gathering Bacteria

No amount of the ordinary, troublesome, expensive fertilizing
will take its place. You cannot put enough nitrogen in the
soil that way.

Inoculate the seed by moistening with Farmogerm or spray it on the seed bed or
young plants and let the active, virile nitrogen-gathering bacteria do the work.

They will multiply by the million in the soil—will draw nitrogen from the air
and convert it into the food the plant wants most. That’s why Farmogerm

MAKES POOR SOIL GOOD SOIL

It not only increases the immediate crop but enriches the land for future crops.

Don’t confuse Farmogerm with other nitrogen bacteria cultures. It is prepared
differently from all others and goes to you in sealed bottles ready to use. You
have no developing or treating todo. Every Bottle Is Guaranteed to contain
a pure culture of these bacteria in active, virile condition, and in sufficient
quantity to inoculate the amount of seed or soil specified.

Let Us Send You Our Book jrciciciops, Italo contains the U. 8. Dept:
of Agriculture endorsements of the use of nitrogen-gathering bacteria, and the opinions of Geo. T.

Powel, Pres. Agricultural Experts Ass’n.

= is 50 Cents for the Garden Sized Bottle—$2.00 for One Acre Size. Mention
The Price the crop you want to use it for when ordering.

PREPARED ONLY BY

Earp-Thomas Farmogerm Co., Bloomfield, N. J.

May, 1908

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MADE SOLELY BY

“c|CHICKERING & SONS

Pianoforte Makers

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For It

Easily and quickly applied.
Gives a quick brilliant lustre.
Guaranteed to go twice as
far as paste or liquid polish.

For FREE SAMPLE AND INTERESTING BOOKLET Write

LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Agents, 78 Hudson St..NEW YORK

JUNE Concrete for Garden Furniture 15 C

1908 Wild Gardens Helpful Tools F y
VOL VME be Growing Fancy Apples New Ideas in Bedding IUGR

HE GAR

COUNTRY LIFE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

IN AMERICA I 133-137 EAST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK

A concrete residence, Montclair, N. J.

When you build a home use concrete. It is durable,
inexpensive and fireproof, needs no paint, repairs, or fire-
insurance, 1s warmer in winter, cooler in summer than any
other style of construction and is adaptable to any style of
architecture. We have just published a second edition of

“Concrete Country Residences”

(2d_ Edition) ;

which contains photographs and floor plans of over 150

completed concrete houses, designed by the best architects

in the country which should be of immense
IN value to you in planning your house.

S Trike copy of this 160 page book (size 10 in.xI 2in.) will

ple ‘ Uae adie ee receipt of $1.00.

Inquiry Dept.

. The Atlas Portland Cement Company
A 30 Broad Street, N. Y.

This illustration is
taken from a
pretty booklet

‘How to [Make Things Grow’”’

Just issued, which tells about the wonderful results obtained by florists, growers, and govern-
ment experimenters, from the use of Plant-Blood, the scientific fertilizer and plant food.
If you wish to get as much pleasure out of your garden as the florist and market gardener
does money out of his, let us send you this booklet FREE. It will help you to secure not
ouly earliest but also largest and finest flowers, fruits and vegetables.

If you are in a hurry to get the benefit of Plant-Blood this year, we shall be glad to
send you the day we get your order a 12 pound bag (a season’s supply for a small garden)
for $1.25, price $1.00 at your dealer’s. Any of the following distributors will supply you
in large or small quantities:—

Joseph Breck & Sons, Schlegel & Fottler, Fiske Seed Co., Welch Bros., Haskell Im-
plement & Seed Co., of Boston. Arthur T. Boddington, Bridgeman’s Seed Warehouse and
Stumpp & Walter Co., New York. H. F. Michell Co. and Johnson Seed Co., Philadelphia.
J. Bolgiano & Sons, Baltimore, and F. W. Bolgiano & Co., Washington,.D. C, Vaughan’s
Seed Store, A. L. Randall Co., Winterson’s Seed Store, Chicago. J. Wilder & Co., Cin-
cinnati, and large Seed and Floral Supply Houses all over the Country.

REMEMBER THE BOOKLET IS FREE

PIANEBLOOD Ellis-Chalmers Company

ee 100 William Street, New York City

Your Lawn Need Cleaning?

The Apollo picks up cut, dead grass, leaves, sticks, stones and all litter,
The Apollo not only cleans the surface, but stimulates root growth—
actually produces a finer, thicker growth of grass,

The Apollo takes out worm casts, ant hills, crab grass, etc. The

Apollo Lawn Sweeper

gives the lawn a chance to take on that beautiful, rich green, velvety appear-
ance. Cleans large lawns easily, rapidly and thoroughly. A boy
Agents does the work of three men with rakes—does it better
Wanted and in one-half the time.
In The Apollo sweeps like a carpet sweeper, The
Every } rotary fibre brushes are made from a special selected
‘ fibre. All sweepings are thrown into a receptacle which
can be emptied automatically.
Brushes thoroughly clean out among the roots of the
turf without tearing or injuring the delicate root tissues, as
_. | does a rake, D
\ Ask Your Dealer or Write Today For Illustrated
Booklet Showing the Apollo at Work bs
Beautifully illustrated with photographs, which show just what th *
Apollo does and how it will pay roritself easily in a season. Write
»\ for this booklet and for our special 30 days’ free trial offer.

We guarantee satisfaction or all money refunded. Write f
>, today—Now. 4

— The Greene Mfg. Co.

506 Sycamore Street
Springfield, Ohio

DEXTER’S
ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS

The average stain will not hold its color at the seaside ;
ours will. This is perhaps the hardest test of a stain.
Ours gives no offensive odor, will not wash off nor turn
black. It gives a wealth of artistic beauty at a lower
cost than paint.

Samples and particulars on request

DEXTER BROS. CO., 103-105-107 Broad Street, BOSTON

Agents: H. M. Hooker Co., 120 W. Washington St., Chicago: Ww. Ss. Hueston 22
eee St., New York; John D. S. Potts, 218 Race St., Philadelphia; F. H.
McDonald, The Gilbert, Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane,
Tacoma, Washington, and Portland, Ore.

JUNE, 1908

TE (GARD EAN | eYUAVG AZT NE

263

Cover DEsIGN—Lilac Madame Lemoine

PAGE
THE Monto’s REMINDER. - Be Rae an ee 200
RicHtT AND Wronc IN WILD GARDENING Thomas McAdam 270
Photographs by Vermont Experiment Station, H. Troth and others
A WILD-FLOWER BED IN A City YARD E. N. Howell 272
Photographs by the author
GARDEN Tools THAT REALLY HEDp, III .
Photographs by the author
INDESTRUCTIBLE HomE-MADE GARDEN FURNITURE
E. E. Soderholiz 276
2 Photographs by the author and Jens Jensen
A NEW AND BETTER STYLE OF FLOWER BEDDING Henry Maxwell 279
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and M. H. Northend
GrRowiInc Fancy APPLES IN COLORADO S.W. Fletcher 281
Photographs by the author
ALL THE SUMMER SPIREAS WorTH GRowinc W.E. Pendleton 284
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves
. H. Howard Pepper 286
4 Pho tocranhe by the ane
(Coop OwArmy IN BEANS . . =... + 8, ID IDs Bee
Better WAys oF Fruit PRESERVING. .Laura B. Carpenter 288
Photographs by Parker Thayer Barnes

J. Lukens Kayan 274

An At To TIDINESS

JUNE, 1908

Nathan R. Graves

PROLONGING THE SUMMER SEASON

COLLARDS IN THE SOUTH . Se
Photographs by the author

PROPAGATING HARDY GARDEN ROSES. . Abel R. Corbin
In THE MELON AND CucUMBER PATCH Harold Clark
Photographs by U. S. Department of Agriculture

ORNAMENTAL FRUITS OF JUNE Alfred Rehder
WHEN SWEET Pras FAIL . . Hilda Cunningham
Photograph by the Athos

Tuer OLpEst FLowers In CuttivaTion—III. THe MANDRAKE
Thomas McAdam

F. H. Valentine

Psi oi : Steed

Photograph by J. P. Troy
GREENS FOR YARDED FowLs .

Gieae IDSA On WOON 6 6° 6 Go 5 Gc 3
SUMMER SEPARATING Perio eaneu Ay om rae acu ot tt MOL Se
THE CULTURE OF LARKSPURS ONL eee es Ae Wa era gic
PROTECTING THE STRAWBERRIES... . . * = =F.C.B.

HOV aeLOM MD GE ANTE LONG: nu ieol elk, | leqinite bw) one ak

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Coryricut, 1908, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents

H. W. LANIER, Secretary S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

PAGE
290
290

290
292
2096
298

MAUSOLEUM
ERECTED IN
WOODLAWN
CEMETERY
NEW YORK

MEMORIALS for Church & Cemetery
4Als0 GARDEN FURNITURE

In Marble, Stone and Granite

WE ARE ESPECIALLY EQUIPPED TO EXECUTE FROM
OUR OWN DESIGNS ALL CLASSES OF MEMORIAL
Vise enV bk lt -AUR GE OR > S MALIL
DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED WITHOUT CHARGE

OUR GARDEN ADORNMENTS BEAR THE MARKS OF SKILLED
WORKMEN, WHO HAVE DEVOTED YEARS TO _ DESIGNING
MODELS OF MOST UNUSUAL MERIT. SEND TO US FOR
A FEW ILLUSTRATIONS OF EXAMPLES OF OUR WORK

GaikE LELAND lOO Es NY,

Formerly LELAND & HALL COMPANY

SBT UIE VP js! AVENUE, NEW YORK
Granite Works : Starieee Le ER ASANT AS ITALY
BARRE, VERMONT 133d ST., NEW YORK

STONE FLOWER BOXES

FOUNTAINS, STATUARY, COLUMNS, PERGOLAS,
BALUSTRADES, STANDARDS, SUN-DIALS, PEDESTALS,
BENCHES, TABLES, VASES, WELL HEADS, WALL
FOUNTAINS, LIONS, SPHINXES, ETC., IN MARBLE,
STONE, AND POMPEIAN STONE WHICH SUCCESSFULLY
Wittsa ANDS DHE, AMERICAN “CEIMATE

Our cata-

Illustrations and Sun-Dial Booklet upon request.
logue of Garden Furniture, containing 400 illustrations of
Italian and Classical Models, sent upon receipt of 25 cents

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

6 West Fifteenth Street, New York
CARRARA, ITALY

264—268

THE GARDEN JNGAAING

It is a very simple matter to
clean a refrigerator.

All you need is a bowl of hot
water, a cake of Ivory Soap and
a clean cloth. It takes only a few
minutes to go over every nook
and corner of the refrigerator—

SS SS SS5 |

the woodwork, the shelving, the
porcelain walls and the ice-box.
And, when you get through, you
have the satisfaction of knowing
that your refrigerator is absolute-

ly hygienic—as sweet and clean

as it was the day you bought it.

For this purpose and for a hundred others that might be named,
Ivory Soap is unrivaled. It ts pure; and it is odorless.

Ivory Soap . . . 994360 Per Cent. Pure.

JUNE,

1908

The Garden Magazine

VoL. VII—No. 5

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Ten Ways to Excel Your
Neighbors

1. Your neighbors’ flower gardens will
look like the last run of shad in Septem-
ber because it never occurs to them to make
a second sowing of annuals. To make
your garden the prettiest in town when all
others are failing, sow now for September
bloom, marigold, phlox, calliopsis, Cali-
fornia poppy, zinnia, pansy, and nasturtium.
The last-named make their largest flowers
in September when the cold nights come.

2. You can have in your vegetable garden
between July and winter twenty good things
that your neighbors are not likely to have
at the same time if you study now “ Vege-
tables for June Sowing,”’ which appeared in
THE GARDEN MacGaAziIneE for June, 1907,
pages 282 to 284.

3. You can have better shrubbery than your
neighbors who hire their pruning done every
year in March by buying a pair of pruning
shears and pruning your own shrubs. Prune
after flowering by cutting out the old wood.

4. Ninety-nine out of a hundred people
who move into a, new house this June will
take it for granted that it is useless to try
tc make a garden this year. That used
to be true, but all that is changed now, be-
cause you can get pot-grown perennials and
vines any day all summer. You will be
astonished at the extraordinary variety
kept by the nurseries near the big cities
to meet this new demand. If you know
nothing about flowers it will be safe for you
to go in heavily on phlox and Japanese
anemone which will give you a fine show
through August and September.

s. To make your porch a cloud of fra-
grant white blossoms in August and of silky
white seeds in September, buy now an extra-
strong plant of Clematis paniculata, such as
you can get in a 6- or 7-inch pot for a dollar.

JUNE, 1908

6. You can make your garden more
interesting by night than any you have
ever seen by sowing now seeds of the follow-
ing fragrant or white-flowered annuals:
Chinese pink, mignonette, sweet Sultan,
sweet alyssum, stock, Virginian stock, or
night-scented stock. And perhaps you can
get pot-grown plants of the white day lily
(Funkia subcordata).

7. To have a better window box than
your neighbors, grow something different
from the hackneyed stuff kept by the small
local florist. Get one of the great seedsmen
to send you plants of white or blue moon-
flower, lemon verbena, Srowallia alata,
Othonna crassifolia, Gazania splendens, Lan-
tana delicatissima, Maurandia Barclayana, or
Thunbergia alata. All these are described in
the catalogues. ‘They are no harder to grow
and will be an agreeable change from fren-
zied magenta geraniums, gaudy coleus, etc.

8. If you have a large country place
and want to make a beautiful new landscape
effect at half the cost of ordinary gardening
you should naturalize a thousand or more
tulips in the grass —not the garden kinds
for they would be inappropriate and short-
lived, but the wild and run-wild species,
or the sharp-petalled old cottage varieties
that have survived half a century or more
and will look like wild flowers in America.
The cheapest, most permanent, and most ap-
propriate kinds we know of are T. sylvestris,
oculus-solis, Gesneriana (vars. major, auran-
tiaca, and rosea), Billietiana, Didieri (and
its var. alba), and Picotee, or Maiden’s Blush.
But you cannot have one of these glorious
pictures next spring if you put off a decision
till October, because you. cannot get the
bulbs then. You must order them in June.
Any American bulb dealer will get them
for you if you write him now. We have
unpublished photographs showing these
charming new effects which we will show
you if you belong to the wild gardening
fraternity.

g. You can have the most personal and
satisfactory floral gifts you ever made at
Christmas time if you grow a dozen pots of
freesias for the purpose. But to have free-
sias by Christmas you should order the bulbs
in June and stipulate July delivery. The
best alternatives to this proposition are
Chinese primroses sown in early June.

1o. The most important fruits, vegeta-
bles, and flowers are those that have the
greatest number of varieties, but many of
these are only good to sell — not fit for ama-
teurs to raise. The majority of people
will always order from catalogues. The
few who enjoy the best of everything are
the ones who attend the horticultural exhi-
bitions and visit the nurseries with note-

§ ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
( FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

books in hand. The most important horti-
cultural products of June are roses, lilacs,
azaleas, peonies, German iris, rhododen-
drons, and strawberries. Catalogues can
never do justice to these. Visit the largest
collection near you and you can select better
varieties than your neighbors have. Ask your
nurseryman to notify you a few days in ad-
vance of the best time. If you don’t know
what large private or public collection is
near you, ask THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

VEGETABLE GARDEN

The most important routine work ‘of
June is thinning, weeding, and cultivating,
which is done in half the time and without
backache, by using a wheel hoe.

Cut-worms are destructive in June. Hand-
pick them at night or scatter poisoned bran
about.

Train your tomatoes. If you leave them
on the ground they will rot.

Make a seedbed outdoors in June and
sow vegetables and flowers for fall and
winter use. Put brush on the bed to keep
off cats, dogs, and chickens. Lay newspapers
over the brush and sprinkle carefully every
day until the plants are up.

LAWN AND SHRUBBERY

Trim privet hedges now, and twice more
this season. Cut back one-half of the new
wood each time.

Protect your street trees with strong,
neat tree guards. Geta good lawn mower.

Why not start a notebook for flowering
shrubs? ‘The best time to study them is from
May is5th to June goth. Probably 80 per
cent. of them bloom between those dates.
The best place to study their comparative
value for you is at a nursery, because you
can get the prices there, while in a park
or arboretum you cannot.

The seeds that refuse to germinate before
hot weather are an interesting group. It
is useless to sow nasturtiums or that beauti-
ful pink mallow, Lavatera trimestris before
May isth in the North. Before June ist
there is no use in sowing outdoors rose moss
(Portuluca) or scarlet sage (Salvia s plendens).
June is also the earliest suitable date for
sowing kale and the interesting fruit or
vegetable known as the lemon cucumber.

To make peonies last longer, cut them
twenty-four hours before you want to use
them. Carry a pail of water to the beds
and drop them in at once, immersing the
the whole stem. Then keep them in the
cellar or cool room till needed.

Many June flowers last longer in water
than on the plant, provided they are cut
before the first buds open. Try this with
Madonna lilies.

Everyone should begin with robust species that
anyone can grow and that are sure to make big,
* strong masses like the native asters

Right and Wrong in Wild Gardening—By Thomas McAdam,

The seaside golden rod has large, thick, fleshy,
shining leaves of great beauty. Endures rocks, sand,
high winds, and salt spray. (Solidago sempervirens)

It is vandalism to transplant lady slippers and
other orchids from the woods to a sunny garden,
They must have shade, coolness, and leaf mold

New
Jersey

NOT A MERE TIRADE AGAINST PICKING WILD FLOWERS, BUT A SERIES OF PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS SHOWING
CONSTRUCTIVE MEASURES YOU CAN AND OUGHT TO TAKE, ALSO HOW TO CREATE NEW LANDSCAPE EFFECTS

[Evitor’s Note:— The middle of May is just the time when everybody in the North takes a stroll in the woods to gather wild flowers and when the greatest number of

plants are dug from the shady, moist forest soil to die in

your friends, and do something about it.]

VERYONE naturally has at the start
two wrong ideas about wild flowers
and wild gardening. The first is that wild
gardening is merely cultivating the plants
and flowers that grow wild in our own country
whereas it is also, and chiefly, a plan for
growing the plants of other countries that
are not suitable for garden cultivation in
such a way that they will look like natives
of our own country. For example, the fa-
vorite plant for wild gardening in this coun-
try is the poet’s narcissus, a native of the
Mediterranean region.

The second notion is that the only way
to get wild flowers for one’s home grounds
is to dig them from the woods, whereas
every kind of wild flower you ever heard of
or will ever care to grow is cultivated by
nurserymen. In some cases these men
can actually deliver plants to you cheaper
than you can collect them. In all cases
they can supply you with precious kinds
that have been exterminated in your locality
or never grew there. But the important
thing is that these men propagate the plants
—they no not rob nature or the public
and, therefore, they furnish us a chance
to test our own sincerity. For if we really
love nature and respect the public’s rights
we will never pick wild flowers and will

hot, sunny gardens.

dig wild plants only to save them from
immediate destruction, as for instance
when woods are being cut down by real estate
dealers or others. Half a dozen postals
will bring you catalogues offering an aggre-
gate of 1,500 species of native perennials,
shrubs, and trees. It is so hard to bring
home the fact that the necessity of taking
plants from the wild never exists, that I
must resort to some picturesque form of
expression. I, therefore, challenge any-
one to name more than six kinds of wild
flowers that are worth growing and are
capable of cultivation which cannot be
bought from some nurseryman or seedsman.

Scarcely any species of wild flower is in
danger of absolute extermination, but prac-
tically all wild flowers are certain to be
exterminated in the neighborhood of cities.
Therefore, everyone who counts himself
a good citizen should send a dollar to the
secretary of the Wild Flower Preservation
Society of America, care of the New York
Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y., and
learn about the various constructive meas-
ures in which everyone can take a part,
such as leaflets to school children, placards
that persuade instead of merely command,
and acquiring the best remaining localities
for public parks.

270

If you call yourself a good citizen we hope you will read this short article now, discuss it with

It is entirely proper, of course, to buy
a wagon-load of maiden-hair ferns or wild
flowers from a farmer and many now do so.
If you have a piece of woods of your own,
there is nothing more delightful than to
fill it with large colonies of wild flowers,
because the flowers of the woods, as a class,
are more refined than those of the fields,
while those of the roadside are coarse and
weedy in comparison. You will never get
anywhere if you go for a basketful at a time,
because it’ is n’t human nature to resist
bringing home a few of everything. The
object of wild gardening is to get great
glorious masses, to establish self-supporting
colonies, dense in the centre and scattering
at the edges, so that the species will seem
to spread by seed in the direction of the
prevailing wind. You can leave the trees
just as they are, but the way to intensify
the wildness of a piece of woods is to plant
hepaticas and trilliums by the thousand,
for the former are the earliest and the latter
the largest flowers of spring in the woods.
Look to the big things first, for variety will
take care of itself.

Hepaticas are worth $35 a thousand and
trilliums $75, yet I know a man who offers
trilliums for $2.50 and hepaticas for $1.50 a
thousand. When you consider that trillium

—

{

ae a

0 SES Se

JUNE, 1908

Wild gardening deals only with colonies, not sin-
gle plants. Never plant less than a dozen of a kind.
(False Solomon’s seal, Smilacina racemosa)

bulbs are about a foot underground and
mixed with shrub roots and that labor is
worth at least $1.50 a day; that he pays the
cost of boxing the plants and hauling them
perhaps five miles over mountain roads, you
will wonder how anyone can do it even if he
has found a mine of hepaticas and trilliums.
Don’t ask me his address, please, for my
temper is none too good. ‘This is only one
of the curiosities of wild gardening. Another
is that you can buy from American seeds-
men trillium bulbs that have been grown
in Holland.

The great charm of wild gardening in
the woods is that you can paint pictures
on a greater scale and with materials quite
unknown to gardens, for a garden is typi-
cally a sunny place and the choicest flowers
of the woods demand shade as weli as
coolness and never-failing moisture. For
instance, Mr. Frank Seaman, at his summer
home in the mountains not far from Ellen-
ville, N. Y., has planted several thousand
lady slippers collected by the farmers and
their children, who were glad enough to
gather them for three cents a plant. He
scattered them beside a trail which follows a

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

stony hillside brook through the woods
and there is not the slightest thing to show
that they were planted. It is vandalism to
move orchids into a sunny garden, but
in the woods they are thoroughly at home,
and in this case they will be protected long
after the summer boarders have found the
locality and taken every lady’s slipper from
the neighboring woods.

The most charming and distinctive effects
in wild gardening will generally be produced
by using in great quantity a dozen or fewer
species that are most abundant in the neigh-
borhood, rather than an endless variety
of rare plants from all parts of the country
— witness that delightful book “Our Coun-
try Home,” by Frances Kinsley Hutchinson.

If, however, you have no woods and no
room for anything more than a border of
wild flowers, let me make this suggestion.
Try to make a beautiful picture, not a mere
collection of varieties. Plant not less than
a dozen clumps of a kind. Otherwise you
will not get the effect of colonies. The
loveliest flowers will look homesick if planted
singly and the appearance of the whole
will be merely botanical — not artistic,
nor true to the spirit of nature: The two
photographs at the bottom of this page,
while they do not show the same species,
nevertheless illustrate this principle.

Just a word about some of the effects here
pictured. The most exquisite is that of the
bunch-berry, with the carpet of twin flowers
growing near by. The bunch-berry (Cornus
Canadensis) is a little brother of the flower-
ing dogwood, growing only six inches high
and having white flowers about two inches
across, the showy part being the four
bracts. There is a dainty whorl of leaves,
having the characteristic venation of the
dogwood family. It blooms in May or
June, and in August the vacation seeker
in Canada is delighted with its bunch of
scarlet berries.

The twin flower (Linnca borealis) is the one
that the great Linnzeus loved the most and

No matter how rare, costly, or beautiful, single
plants do not make a picture, only a botanical collec-
tion. (Large-flowered bellwort, Uvularia grandifiora)

no wonder, for its fragrant, pink, pendulous
bells borne in pairs look like chandeliers for
fairies on the forest floor. I fear it is not
possible to reproduce such a picture south
of New England. The twin flower comes
down as far as the mountains of Maryland
and the bunch-berry is native as far south as
Ohio, but both prefer the cold, northern
woods. Moreover, the twin flower is costly
and hard to get. The bunch-berry can
be had for about $12 a hundred.

Another charming woods flower is the
false Solomon’s seal, which is cheap, and is
easy to grow in a shady side yard. Of the
three species the showiest is Smilacina
racemosa, which will attain three feet when
well grown. A good colony will be covered
with feathery sprays of greenish white
bloom in May or June and for at least two
months you can have the daily pleasure of
watching the berries grow and assume their
lovely red markings. They are borne in
large terminal clusters. This plant and
the true Solomon’s seal are noted for the
beautiful venation of their leaves and the
arching grace of their stems, suggesting a
bird about to take flight.

The finest use for native asters is to line drives and woods with them as some
country gentlemen are doing on their estates, using one species for half a mile

An exquisite effect that can be duplicated only by the fortunate owners of &
bit of woods. Bunch-berry and twin flower (Cornus Canadensis and Linnea borealis)

272

Another charming woods flower that is
easy to grow in a shaded border is the large-
flowered bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora).
This is one of those lily-like flowers with
zigzag stems and perfoliate leaves which it
is always such a joy to find in the woods.
Its lemon-colored drooping bells are some-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

most precious on rocks or in sand where
the salt spray may cover it. Unlike the
linear-leaved shrubs that have cowered
before the cold ocean winds and reduced
their evaporating surfaces to mere lines, the
seaside goldenrod faces the winds with a
broad, smiling countenance. It is one of

This is a piece of real wild gardening with the sweet fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) on a Pennsylvania estate.
The crushed leaves emit a refreshing bayberry-like odor

times as long as an inch and a half. It
costs about $1.20 a dozen.

One of the loveliest flowers at the seashore
is the seaside goldenrod (Solidago semper-
virens), Which anyone can recognize in-
stantly by its beautiful thick, fleshy, shining
leaves. When growing in pure sand and
reduced to two feet in height it is a refined
and even elegant plant. Dr. Britton says
it attains an extreme height of eight feet.
I suppose this must be on the salt marshes
or along the banks of tidal rivers. It is

the handsomest of the fleshy-leaved wind-
resisters.

Another interesting plant that is adapted
to untoward conditions is the sweet fern
(Comptonia asplenifolia), which makes fra-
grant the dry hillsides. I cannot say that
it is very beautiful, for it is a low, straggling
shrub without conspicuous flowers or fruit,
but it is very interesting to see fern-like
leaves borne upon a woody plant, and these
leaves when crushed send forth a refreshing
aroma like that of the bayberry to which

JUNE, 1908

it is allied. The picture on this page shows
a mass of sweet fern in a famous wild garden
at Haverford, Pa. I enjoyed greatly brush-
ing through this colony. The gardener
preferred to let the plants grow in their own
straggling fashion, showing their woody
stems at frequent intervals, but I believe
I should prefer to top some of them occa-
sionally so as to get compact bushes of
decorative habit. Left alone they seem to
me seedy rather than picturesque.

Many amateurs now grow collections of
our native asters. It is impractical to get
such a collection from the wild, because it
is too hard to determine the species, even
with the help of Britton and Brown’s
“Tilustrated Flora,” and besides, considera-
ble improvement has been made in them
by horticulturists. For instance, one nur-
seryman offers over a hundred kinds of
perennial asters, of which thirty-five are
named varieties of the New York aster (A.
Novi-Belgi1). But the finest use for native
asters, in my opinion, is to fringe roadsides
and woods on great estates after the manner
suggested by the picture on page 2. One
soon tires of them in an ordinary hardy bor-
der. They are too robust and _ prolific
for the garden. But country gentlemen
can beat nature at her own game by lining
a driveway for half a mile or so with a single
kind of aster, not a stiff, large-flowered one
like the New England aster (which also loses
its lower leaves) but a soft, fluffy one with a re-
fined color, like some of the pale blue varieties.

A Wild-flower Bed in a City Yard

By E. N. Howe tt, Dixon, IIl.

ee a dozen years ago ] made a
wild- plant bed along one side of
my house and about thirty feet long, using

_ only the plants native to this region. Of

course the woodsy surroundings which add
so much to the attractiveness of the flowers
in their native state were lacking, but the
plants seem not to take note of this for they
flourish even better than in the wild. Experi-
ence has shown that an east exposure is
best for the kinds of plants grown (the hot
afternoon sun is fatal). The soil was a
stiff clay which had been thrown out of
the cellar when the house was built. Sand
and leafmold were forked into the surface.
Leafmold, which is very necessary to the
plants, is obtained by filling boxes with
dead leaves and keeping them moist. They
rot in two years. This is spread over the
bed in a very thin layer each fall and the
bed is then covered with leaves. These
leaves are never entirely removed but are
left to rot, just as in the woods. In the
spring the smallest plants are partially
uncovered, but the large ones push their
way through almost any depth of covering.
Drainage is obtained by a sloping elevation
of the bed. Water from the eaves and high
winds are guarded against, for they make
havoc with the ferns.

In the Summer one would think at first
glance it was a bed of ferns only. Lady

ferns (Asplenium Filix-famina), form the

main setting, with maiden hair (Adiantum

JUNE, 1908

pedatum), and other low-
growing ones toward the
front. These grow vigor-
ously, and carry their
foliage through to frost.

The small, early-bloom-
ing plants are arranged
in little colonies in bays
among the ferns. ‘The
spaces left bare by plants
that lose their foliage early
are covered later by the
spreading fronds of the
ferns.

The first to bloom are
the pretty, delicately tinted
hepaticas (1. acutiloba),
with the first warm days
of the latter part of March;
and no amount of bad
weather will discourage
them once they are started.
Their blue or white flowers,
which come before the
leaves, are in generous
quantities and last two or
three weeks.

Before they pass the
blood-root (Sanguinaria Canadensis) and
Dutchman’s breeches, (Dicentra Cucullaria)
are in bloom. Wild ginger (Asarum Cana-
dense) has an ugly, curious flower lying
close to the ground, with “whiskers”
around its mouth, reminding one of a catfish
ready for its prey. It is strikingly in con-
trast with the beauty of the other flowers.
The foliage of the hepatica and wild ginger
lasts so well through the season (that of
the former is green twelve months) that
they are allowed to carpet the ground
they occupy.

Dog tooth violets (Erythronium albidum),
or adder’s tongue, are planted among the
ferns. They, as well as many of the other
plants can be moved in August or when in
blossom in the spring —it does not seem
to matter.

The lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium pubescens) finds a
congenial home amid the ferns

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

This twelve-year-old wild-flower bed, on tne east side of the house, is a succession of effects,

from ferns to goldenrods and asters

The white trillium (Trillium grandi-
jlorum), one of the most beautiful spring
wild flowers, the nodding trillium (T.
cernuum), and T. recurvatum, are among the
ferns for the same reason that the adder’s
tongues are—their foliage even has gone
before the ferns push up.

Lady’s-slippers (Cypripedium pubescens)
show up beautifully against their setting of
ferns. Columbines (A quilegia Canadensis),
pretty red and yellow flowers, receive much
attention from the humming birds. May
apples (Podophyllum peltatum) do only
fairly well because they have not room in
my border. The ghost-flower or Indian
pipe (Monotropa uniflora) is the latest
addition to the bed. Transplanted from
the deep shade of the woods last summer its
permanence remains to be seen.

Among the plants which are attractive
in fruit and give a pleasing touch of color
in the late season, are the red and the white
baneberries. Also the Jack-in-the-pulpit,
whose cluster of berry-like fruit is glossy
green turning to bright shining red. Then
there is the false Solomon’s seal, whose
pretty cluster of fine white flowers is
followed by red fruit. But the most strik-
ing of all is the Solomon’s seal (Polygona-
tum giganieum), with its tall stem arching
above all else and laden with blue-black-
berries.

Toward the south end of the bed, where
the sun strikes more freely, are shooting
stars (Dodecatheon Meadia), wild geranium
(G. maculatum), and wild phlox. Also a
beautiful plant of wild aster and one of
goldenrod, both being the kinds that grow
in the open woods about us. Wild sun-
flower and a sun-loving variety of golden-
rod, with a background of shrubbery and
vines are in the sunniest place around the
corner of the porch.

The only ‘‘civilized” plants that are
allowed to associate with those from the

wild, are a little Siberian
and the German irises
which are effective toward
the sunny end of the bed,
and a few forget-me-nots,
which look well among
a small colony of poet’s
narcissus.

Lily-of-the-valley has
been tried but spreads too
fast, and blue, white and
yellow violets which grow
well, and the narcissus are
inclined the same way.
However, with few excep-
tions, one of the pleasantest
traits of character of this
large company, many of
whose names are not men-
tioned, is the great regard
each colony has for the
rights and feelings of its
neighbors. After years of
thrifty growth they are
somewhat crowded but no
colony has run out any
other. With few excep-
tions I have brought them
all from the native woods at various times,
generally in a market basket and wrapped
in a piece of wet burlap, but sometimes
in the pocket of a hunting coat without any
wrapping. They transplant readily at any
stage of growth if not allowed to dry, and
very few have died from moving or from
later treatment.

Why have they grown so well and for so
long a time? In the first place all the
plants, except a few in the South end of
the bed, require about the same conditions,
which are shade, moisture, drainage, and
leafmold (how they do lke leafmold)).
They have all these conditions in about the
right proportions in this bed and that’s
about all there is to it. If they can be thus
situated the character of the soil does not
seem to matter much. For instance, some

At the sunny end shooting stars (Dodecutheon Meadia)
flourish

Wake robins are in flower as the lady fern unfolds
its fronds

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of the adder’s tongues were transplanted
from the side of a bank of stiff clay
and three inches below the surface, others
were brought from the rich sandy alluvial
deposit of an island in the river and eight
inches under the surface; yet they both
thrive in this bed. In the case of the
clay, leafmold lay on the surface, and
in that of the island soil leafmold was
a component part. Most of the plants
described in this article will stand a con-
siderable variation in the relative pro-
portions of the four factors, but the
absence of any one of them would be a
serious drawback.

JuNE, 1908

This ten-year-old clump of maidenhair almost
outgrows its real beauty

Garden Tools that Really Help, IHI-By J. Lukens Kayan, 2h

THE SEEDERS, A GROUP OF LABOR SAVING-MACHINES THAT THE AMATEUR SHOULD CONSIDER,
NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE GARDEN—THEY ALSO MAKE NEATER AS WELL AS BETTER GARDENS

GEER sowing devices are valuable ad-

juncts to the tools of tillage. When
garden operations open with a rush in the
spring and it seems as though all the seed
sowing must be done the same day, sowings
are often considerably delayed owing to
the lack of time in which to complete them.
This means that fresh vegetables will be
ready for use so much later.

In its special sphere a good seeder will save
the gardener as much time as does the wheel
hoe compared with the hand hoe, although
I do not regard the seeder as an essential
part of every gardener’s outfit of tools, yet
the garden must be small indeed that cannot
profitably afford one combined with a
wheel hoe, if not a separate seeder.

Three operations are involved in seed-
sowing by hand: opening the furrow, sowing
the seed, covering and firming the soil; and
unless very carefully done, the plants are
liable to stand in a row straggling instead
of ina narrow straight line.

The seed drill performs all three opera-
tions at once, and in addition, by means of
a simple attachment, it also marks the next
row. The completed work is done at the
speed of a moderate walk, the seed being
sowed in a narrow straight line, making
subsequent cultivation with the wheel hoe
easy, and the hoes can be set so close to the

Opening the furrow, sowing the seed, covering, and
firming the soil all done at once with this tool

row that the necessary hand work is reduced
to a minimum. Such crops as carrots,
beets, turnips, etc., will seldom require
weeding more than once, this work being
done when the plants are large enough to
thin. Thinning and weeding is then done
in one operation.

Allowing the seedling plants to stand
too closely in the row will cause them to be
spindling and weak, a preliminary thinning
may be necessary if the seed has been sowed
too thickly. This most often happens with
hand sowing, as the seed is liable to be
sowed thickly in some places and thinly in
others. With the seeder the quantity sowed
can be accurately regulated. Some seeds,
such as beans and peas, vary greatly in
size, however, so that it is necessary to
make a test on a floor, a sheet of paper
or muslin, before going into the garden.

There are two distinct types of machine.
First the plain drill which will sow the
seed In a continuous row; second, the com-
bined hill dropper and drill seeder. The
latter is by far the more useful; it costs more,
but the difference in price is small in com-
parison to the greater range of work. By
using a hill dropper such seeds as bush beans,
(including limas), beets, turnip, etc., can be
sowed in hills which effects a saving of seed,
and more especially of much of the labor
of thinning and spacing the plants to regular
and proper distances apart in the row.
When thinning hills the strongest plant in.
each hill is left to grow, but in dealing with
drills several strong plants are liable to
stand too close together to give room for
full development of each, and it is diffi-
cult to properly space the plants. With
the majority of plants that are commonly
grown in rows, sowing in hills will give a
more regular stand of strong plants.

Different styles of seeders vary somewhat
in detail, but the general plan of construc-
tion is similar in all cases. My particular
tool sows in a continuous row or drops
the seed in hills, four, six, eight, twelve,

or twenty-four inches apart. A cut-off
attached to the handle within easy reach
prevents waste of seed in turning. An
index is marked with the names of fifteen
vegetables which is ample for anybody.

The depth of sowing can be accurately
regulated. Thus, when sowing late peas
which should be planted deeply, I throw
out a furrow with the plows attached to
the wheel hoe, and run the seeder in this
furrow when sowing, but do not fill in the
furrow then. ‘This is done with the wheel
hoe as the-peas make growth, and the filling
also smothers any weeds that may be start-
ing and saves hand weeding. This same
principle applied to potatoes will save
still more labor.

The convenience of marking the next row
is great indeed. It assures a uniform series
and all that is necessary is to see that the
first one is laid off straight. ‘This marker is
adjustable for distances of from six to twenty
inches and is quickly changed from one side
to the other, from between the handles when
turning at the end of a row. Corn, which
in the home garden is usually sowed with
from thirty to thirty-six inches between the
rows, is marked off with a cultivator tooth
attached to the wheel hoe. ;

The handles are adjustable for height the
same as the wheel hoe. A special opening

The seeder is quickly converted into a single wheel
hoe, thus being two tools in one

ae

&

JUNE, 1908

plow and coverers for sowing onion seed in
wide band for growing sets or pickling
onions is furnished as an extra.

The consideration of seeders naturally
leads to the question of the combined tool.
Having the wheel hoe and seeder separate
leaves each tool to be used at any time
without the necessity of changing and is
the most convenient way to have them,
but it is also the most costly. When the
gardener must have both in one or not
have a seeder at all, by all means buy
the combined tool. It is better to spend
the short time necessary to make the change
from one form to the other than to be with-
out the labor-saving seeder.

The most useful combination is the
seeder and the double-wheel hoe, but it
takes longer to change to the wheel hoe
and back again than is the case with the
single wheel hoe, with which it is only
necessary to remove the seed-sowing device
(all in one piece) and attach the tool frame.
This is very quickly done by removing and

— - a - ~
H

The working parts of a handy seed drill for small
gardens. The regular coverer is shown at ?, but a
better one can be made at home from the details
shown at 8s. ¢, u. and attached to the drill

replacing one bolt. Changing the double
wheel type can be simplified by purchasing
an extra wheel, which remains attached to
the seeding device. .

Where the garden is of sufficient size, or if,
as with me, the saving of time is an impor-

tant consideration, the best tool assortment °

to purchase is a double-wheel hoe and a
single-wheel combination hoe and _ seeder.
Here are my reasons:

All the vegetables in the garden can
be worked with a double wheel hoe while
they are small. This leaves seeder and wheel
hoe ready for use at any moment without
changing. Later in the season when growth
necessitates the use of a cultivator between
the rows and it is only necessary to make
an occasional sowing of seed, the work
can then also be performed with a minimum
of changes, as the hoes can remain attached
to the double-wheel hoe, and the cultivator
teeth to the single-wheel hoe frame. This
scheme, moreover, has the added advantage of

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

allowing two people to cultivate at the same
time. From actual use I believe this is
the best combination possible, covering
all classes of work and giving the use of three
tools with the purchase and storage of,
practically, two.

Few people view the first cost of tools
in the proper light. A garden 60x 75 ft.,
properly planted and cared for, will each
year yield between $60 and $70 worth of
vegetables and berries of such freshness and
quality that double the amount could not buy.

Remember that seeds can be sowed and
the work of cultivating done in one-fifth
to one-tenth the time required for hand
work, and better too. Divide the cost
by the years the tools can be used. I can
hardly estimate the life of either hoes or
seeders. Five years’ use with proper care
will leave them practically as good as when
purchased. This means that to find the
cost per year, the purchase price can be
divided by at least fifteen. The only costs
for maintenance are occasioned by breakage
through carelessness. Even if you deduct
the first cost of a complete equipment from
the value of one year’s products it leaves
a substantial profit.

FOR THE SMALLEST PLOT

Those who possess a kitchen garden
too small to think of a hill and drill seeder,
will find the kitchen garden seed drill a
yery handy tool. It will open the furrow,
sow, and cover to the depth of about one
inch all such small seeds as beets, cabbage,
carrot, lettuce, etc. It is also useful for
sowing vegetable seeds in coldframes, hot-
beds, and greenhouses. To work properly
the soil must be well loosened and _ pul-
verized, of proper moisture, neither too wet
nor too dry. When using it one thing mus¢
not be neglected. This is, to firm the soil
after sowing either by walking on the row,
rolling, or otherwise.

The details of this tool are shown in the
illustration. The wheel is a wooden disk
one-half an inch thick, the seed drum is
made of tin, the feed holes can be adjusted
in size to suit the seed to be sowed and to
regulate the quantity. A few trials with
various seeds on a sheet of paper will enable
the operator to adjust the openings by the
eye. A brush clamped to the stationary
axle forces the seed through the holes
in the revolving seed drum, the seed falls
into the cast-iron spout which deposits
it directly behind the drill opener, which
is adjustable in depth. When purchased
this opener is painted; scrape it and polish
and it will work better. The coverer
furnished with this seeder is made of a piece
of one-quarter-inch round iron and is shown
at v. A much better one, however, can
easily be made at home from an old window-
awning frame, the screwhole in it being
used to attach it to the seeder, or get a piece
of three-eighths inch round iron twelve
and one-half inches long bent into shape
shown at ¢ and uw, and attach the same
as the one furnished with the seeder. The
rod, marked for bending, is shown at s.

| ;

275

E ™ This V-shaped coy-
erer draws the soil
in over the furrow
much better than
the straight one
that is supplied.

Remember that
this is a low-priced
implement, and is
made accordingly.
Do not expect it to
do the work of a
tool costing many

‘ times as much. Yet

The seed drill shown :
in the figure to the left for all its cheap-
with its own coverer MESS ame does the

work surprisingly
well and many times faster than it can
be done by hand. For making small sow-
ings, it will give many dollars’ worth of
service.

I most highly recommend the corn
planter. It will plant corn any depth to
about two and one-half inches, and
the quantity sowed can be regulated.
To secure a continuous supply of sweet corn,
it is necessary to make successive plantings
every ten to fifteen days. With this tool
kept loaded with your favorite variety, there
need be no plantings missed or behind time
for any cause whatever. A few minutes’
use of the planter each time will make the
supply continuous — no holes to make, seed
to drop, and then cover. With the depth
regulator properly set, walk down the row,
stick the planter into the soil, and press
it forward until the planting blades are
clear of the ground again. The projecting
plate resting on the ground and attached
to an arm opens the wedge-shaped _ planting
blades, releases the required quantity of
seed and the planter is lifted clear without
allowing any soil to get between the planting
blades. This is done more quickly than
it can be told, and large plantings can be
completed very rapidly.

There are various makes and prices of corn
planters on the market. Select one in which
the feeding device will insure the sowing
of a uniform quan- :
tity of seed in each
hill and in which
the quantity to be
sowed can be regu-
lated, as the grains
of different varieties
vary considerably.
This is important.

The planter illus-
trated, named the
American Standard
No. 4, fulfils the
conditions better
than any other that
I have seen, some
of which cost nearly
as much. Its me-
chanical design is
the work of a prac-
tical man, the con-
struction is substan-
tial, and it is well
finished.

For successional plant-
ings this corn planter,
kept loaded, is a great
labor saver

Indestructible Home-Made Garden Furniture—By E. E. Soderholtz, ™six

A FASCINATING PASTIME FOR THE AMATEUR WHO WANTS TO ADD PERMANENT
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES TO THE HOME SURROUNDINGS—WORKING DIREC-
TIONS FOR MAKING SUNDIALS, VASES OF VARIOUS FORMS, SEATS, ETC., IN CONCRETE

ONCRETE is especially desirable as

a material for garden furniture.

It never rots. It does not require painting,
its natural gray color seems to harmonize with

Modern reproductions of Arabian oil jars

its surroundings of foliage and flowers,
and, best of all, a reasonable degree of pro-
ficiency can be obtained in making con-
crete objects at home, even if one is not
especially gifted in handling tools.

In connection with my place, I had a
small corner lot, close by the road which
unfortunately, had been cleared of its growth,
leaving an unsightly picture of stumps and
boulders —a blot on the landscape and an
eyesore to myself and my neighbors.

I planted some clumps of flowers where
the stumps were and located potted plants to
replace the boulders. I also made a map,
planning what would ultimately be a per-
ennial garden.

The garden was established about three
years ago. ‘The one thing that it needed
was garden furniture, but garden furni-

ture means money —if one buys it of a

dealer. As I had some little knowledge of
working with concrete I decided to try my
hand at making something of this material

A garden seat made from reinforced concrete
is practically indestructible

ALL KINDS OF GARDEN FURNITURE MAY BE MADE AT HOME FROM CONCRETE.

at home. The results have been so satis-
factory that surely some other readers of
this magazine will be interested in acquiring
details of my methods of furnishing the ‘‘out-
door living-room” at comparatively little
cost.

The making of concrete furniture is com-
paratively simple. The process consists of
having a wooden form or mold, on which
a cutting plane, called a templet, turns on
a central pivot around the form, shaping
the object as it turns. The templet is
made by shaping a strip of zinc to the
required conformation of the design. The
concrete, being laid on the form, is planed
down to the required shape. The illus-

trations explain the method to a great
extent and in order to understand just how

A sundial pedestal that will last forever

to go about this work, frequent reference
should be made to them.

The first part of the operation consists
in making an outline drawing (See Fig. 2), the
full size of the object to be turned, also
on the same drawing is made the inside or
form line.

After the drawing is complete, make a
tracing of the outline and paste this on a
strip of zinc of the required size. With a
pair of tinsmith’s shears cut on the line.
As the zinc is not stiff enough in itself to
act as a cutting plane, it is necessary to
reinforce it by mounting on a thin board,
made to conform roughly in outline with the
zinc strip, but allowing the zinc to project
beyond the wood about one-eighth of an inch.

Next is the wooden form or mold. This
is made to conform in shape to the inside
form line of the drawing and is made by

276

shaping wooden discs, on which are nailed
leather or other strips or thin wood. The
discs are bored in the centre, to hold a pin,
on which the templet is fastened, so that
it may turn freely.

The templet is fastened to the turning
pin by means of a wide strip of zinc, one
end nailed on one side of the templet, bent
closely around the turning-pin and the
other end fastened by means of screws,
to the opposite side of the templet. This
allows the templet to be removed at the
finish of the operation without breaking
or tearing any molding that might be
projecting. In the case of the lower half
of the large oil jar shown in Fig. 5, the

templet may be fastened permanently on |

the turning-pin, as both pin and templet can
be drawn up out of centre, when jar is
finished.

The form should be set on a level table
or box and under it a sheet of tar paper
or other waterproof material placed to pre-
vent warping of the table. ;

Next the wooden shell is covered with
wet newspaper three or four thicknesses.
This is to prevent the concrete from stick-
ing to the form. The paper also permits
the form to be easily drawn from the
finished object. A small piece of zinc or
paper around the turning-pin, prevents the
concrete from clogging near the centre hole.
Having gotten together the form, templet,
table, etc., you are now ready to lay on the
concrete. This is made by mixing one
part Portland cement to three of sand
and enough water so that it leaves the
hoe or trowel freely after mixing. It is
advisable to use good sharp sand, free from
all loam, and also to mix sand and cement
thoroughly, before adding water. It should

Concrete vases with dwarf evergreens as tops for
gate posts

IT IS PRACTICALLY INDESTRUCTIBLE

1908

JUNE,

Fig. 1. Showing wet paper used over the form
not be too fluid, neither too stiff; a little ex-
perience will soon teach one when it is just
right.

Taking a trowel full of concrete, build
up around the form as far up as it will stand
without sagging or sliding away; this is
influenced by the shape of the form, more
or less. A form witha sharp inward inclina-
tion will stand a greater amount than one
more yertical. Allow this to set, say, two
or three hours, after turning the templet
and planing off the excess. The first appli-
cation sets slowly, as the water, naturally
settling at the bottom and meeting with a
non-absorbing body (tarred paper), does
not dry out as soon as the layers which
follow, the water in these being absorbed
by the under layer of concrete, so that
following layers can be applied about every

Fig. 2.

Making the shaft for a sundial

VARIOUS STEPS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE GARDEN FURNITURE SHOWING

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

half hour. Care should be used in not
putting on too much at the starting point.
Layer after layer is applied until the pot
or vase is complete, and if an extra
smooth surface is desired, a mixture of
one part of fine screened sand, and one part
of cement can be applied quite thin with
a brush, the templet being turned mean-
while, smoothing it down to the desired
surface.

It is not really necessary to use rein-
forcing wires, as the concrete dries very hard,
but it is advisable and is easily done and
further assists to hold the concrete in place
while building. Short pieces of old bale
wire or telegraph line wire can be laid in
and around the various layers, interlaced,
etc., making the object when complete
a tough, almost unbreakable mass that will
stand some pretty hard knocks if by

accident the piece should fall from its place.

Ea RR

The cap for the sundial is made reversed

Fig. 6.

Fig. 3. Part of form for Fig. 4, with templet

If one does not like the natural color of
concrete, various colors can be obtained
either by application or by incorporation
with the concrete. Such work, however, is
not altogether satisfactory. By mixing dry
yellow ochre with cement and water and
applying with a brush, colors varying
from yellow ochre to cream or buff will
result. Red ochre used similarly will result
in different shades of red. Lamp _ black
gives various shades of gray. Pure white
quartz sand, in the concrete, gives almost
a white color and brick dust, coal dust,
etc., can be used. Chemicals of different
kinds give many pleasing and varying
tones. Proto-sulphate of iron (ccpperas)
one ounce, dissolved in three ounces of
water, applied with a brush, produces a
yellow tone. If a crystal of chrome alum
(about one-half inch in diameter) be added
to the solution a rust red tone results.

Water paint can also be applied. Oil

Form and templet for base of oil jar

Fig. 5.
USE OF TEMPLETS, FORMS, AND MOLDS

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

A bench and pergola that is a combination of concrete and wood

paints cannot be used successfully unless
one is willing to accept an uncertainty,
as they produce all sorts of tones. An
object covered with moss-green oil paint
will eventually change to a dirty yellow
color. As weather action has compara-
tively little effect on cement, it is quite im-
portant that these objects be colored to
suit the surroundings at the time of placing
in position, and as proper tone is fully as
important as form, this item of the process
should be carefully studied.

In making the sundial pedestal it is
simplified by constructing it in four sep-
arate parts. ‘The base and table are square,
the shaft and cap round. ‘The square por-
tions are made by nailing four strips of
wood together and casting the blocks in
same on a level table. The shaft is turned
as any other round form, and the cap turned
reversed, by so doing assisting the concrete
to lay well to the form. Were it made right
side up it would be much slower work,
owing to the tendency of the concrete to
sag and fall away.

After the four parts are complete it is a
very simple matter to place and fasten
the various sections together with cement
and to place the pedestal in position.

By clamping or screwing on projecting
half rounds or other shapes to the templet
additional ornament can be given to an
object of the same outline, and the same
inside form can be utilized for other
designs.

The pots shown on the stone posts in
the illustration were made on the lower
half of the oil jar-design, the concrete carried
up only a portion of the distance, the same
templet being used with the pieces clamped
on to form ornamental lines and a piece to
cut bottom. When dry and hard, the form
was drawn and a bottom put in the opening.
As the forms and templets remain intact
after each object is complete, they may
be used indefinitely, and duplicates can be
had if so desired.

Reading an article in a recent magazine
I noticed the price quoted on cement pedestals
as ranging from $20 to $50. The one here
shown, neither elaborate or especially ornate,
cost in material two buckets of cement and
six of sand—$1z would be putting it high;
add $r more for wood, zinc, etc., and if you
leave out the cost of labor, you have then
succeeded in getting a pedestal for $2.
This applies also to vases, pots, etc.

The labor involved in building the forms
and templets is comparatively small.

As a final word, don’t be in too much
of a hurry to get the object in piace;
allow it to dry thoroughly for about a
week or, to be really safe, ten days.
Remove then to permanent position, pre-
viously drawing the form. At this stage
the advantage of the wet newspapers

! LEELA SS aa EOC es

Junz, 1908

will be appreciated. The form will draw
with perfect freedom, leaving the shell free
and clear.

CONCRETE SEATS

[Eprror’s Nore: In making concrete
work which has rectangular sides or, at
least, where there are no curved lines, all
that is necessary is a form that has the
inside shape of the object desired. In
these cases a cutting sheet of zinc is un-
necessary.

In the West Side parks system of Chicago,
Ill, concrete has been used very effectively
in making garden benches by Mr. Jens
Jensen, the landscape architect of the
parks.

The general mixture in these concrete
benches was, one part of cement, three
parts of sand, and six parts of stone for
foundation work. For the posts the mix-
ture was one—two—five. For the finish
the mixture was one of cement and two
of sand. In the posts eight five-six-
teenth inch iron rods were placed as rein-
forcement and in the seats the same size
of iron was used, placing the rods six
inches apart crosswise, and putting two
rods of the same size for the entire length
of the seat.

Mr. Jensen said, referring to the illus-
trations herewith:

“You will notice that one of the seats
is partly cement, and partly wood. All
our new seats are built that way, as we
find them more comfortable because the
concrete gets extremely hot in the sun.
The wood and concrete seats cost a great
deal more money, however. For private
estates the solid concrete seat could have
some kind of matting placed on them
which in the case of public parks would
not last very long before the children or
the public would carry it away.”]

To be perfectly satisfactory in hot weather a concrete garden bench requires a seat of matting

A New and Better Style of Flower Bedding—By Henry Maxwell, “x:

INSTEAD OF ANNUAL BOTHER AND EXPENSE WITH TENDER PLANTS WHY NOT USE HARDY

PERENNIALS WHICH ARE NOW GROWN

OME now, confess! You have just
moved into a new place. Or the
gardening mania strikes you at this time
and generally lasts for about two weeks in the
year! You were intending to cut a circle
in the middle of the lawn and put in a bed
of the usually accepted bedding plants.

A lesson from Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y.,
showing the superiority of hardy perennials
(Foxgloves) to annuals or tender plants for beddings
in front of shrubs that are out of bloom

But let me tell you of something that I think
will give you a deal more satisfaction and
will be cheaper in the end. The best thing
you can do is to have a hardy border along
one or both sides of your yard. The ideal
plan is to have shrubs at the back and peren-
nial flowers in front. Shrubs cost the most at
the start and the great bulk of their bloom
is confined to May and June, but they are
the longest lived, require the least attention
and make a noble background for perennial
flowers as the accompanying pictures prove.

The reasons why you don’t want a geomet-
rical flower bed are these: A bed in the
middle of the lawn makes the lawn seem
smaller than it really is, whereas borders
frame a home picture and make the grounds
seem larger than they really are. Again,
tender bedding plants are likely to be stiff,
gaudy, monotonous and to suggest a public
park or show place instead of a quiet home.
Finally, you have the same expense over
again every year, or else you must keep your
geraniums in the cellar over winter and take
cuttings of them in the spring.

I grant you that bedding plants may give
a better effect the first month or even the
first year and that ordinary perennials will
bloom only two weeks, whereas geraniums
and cannas will flower for three months.
But a hardy border has all these advantages:
The plants do not have to be purchased

or resown every year; they are permanent
and will multiply so that you will have plenty
to give away and exchange; a hardy border
always has something new of interest every
day, whereas bedding plants become tire-
some ; you can always cut flowers for your
friends without spoiling the general effect;
you can have them for two months before
it is safe to set out bedding plants and two
months after frost has killed the cannas; the
cost of maintenance is less; and last, but
not least, the plants harmonize with the
landscape instead of being obviously im-
ported from the tropics. In short, bedding
plants are best in public places; a hardy
border is the best thing for the home.

“But,” you will exclaim, “how can I
start a hardy border as late as this?” Five
years ago it was practically impossible to
make a garden in June, or after hot weather
had arrived. Now all that is changed.
There is hardly any perennial flower you
are likely to think of that cannot be secured
from some of the nurserymen near the
big cities who grow them in pots especially
for summer delivery. Such plants may
cost a little more than the field-grown, and
they ought to, because they have required
more care. Besides, you could not plant
field-grown plants in June, whereas pot-
grown plants will grow right ahead and
bloom this year.

One reason for this new opportunity
is that the automobile brings more people
to the nurseries than ever before. It is
the fashionable thing now to visit nurseries
after the spring rush is over. The nur-
seryman has nothing to do then and is
glad enough to have visitors. And in

IN POTS ESPECIALLY FOR SUMMER PLANTING?

floriculture it is a fact, as with many other
luxuries, that the supply often creates the
demand. You may read about a plant
every year in the catalogues for ten years,
without being tempted, but when you see
how beautiful the real thing is you buy it on
the spot. It is a common thing for people
to see something they need at their summer
home and take the plant right back with
them in their motor car. When you come
to think of it, this sort of thing should

always have been so. We ought to be able

to get any plant we want at any time. It
isa sign that weare growing up. Of course,
it would be foolish to buy now the April or
May blooming species, such as columbines
and German iris, and I should not get
any peonies now because they can be better
planted in September. For this year’s
effects I should say the best choice would
be as follows. :

For June, foxgloves, Sweet Williams and
Coreopsis lanceolata.

For July, larkspurs, hollyhocks, and
Japanese iris.

For August, phlox, veronica, Stokesia,
and yucca.

For September, Japanese anemone, grace-
ful sunflower (Helianthus orgyalis) and
sneezeweed (Heleniwm autumnale, var. su-
perbum).

For October and November, pompon

-chrysanthemums.

So far I have been contrasting the flower
bed with the hardy border. Now I want to
show how the exacting requirements of bed-
ding can be met by certain hardy perennials
which will give more refreshing and dignified
effect than tender plants and at less loss.

“A hardy border is better for a home than beds of tender plants.’’ Im this case the white-flowered
bushes are deutzias. The perennial edging plant is the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi) with double
pink flowers, each petal being cut into four strips

27s)

omer

Se ay
er ee

See aoe

280 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1908

A bed of yuccas and another of Stokesia (both
hardy plants) against shrubbery that is out of bloom.
The kind of thing that should be done on every
country place

First, take the hardest case of all —the
formal garden where neatness is supreme
and plants must be constantly on dress
parade. What better effect do you want
than a bed of veronicas pictured on this page?
Flowers that are borne in spikes are neces-
sarily formal and, therefore, appropriate
to formal gardens. Moreover they suggest
aspiration and are, therefore, more desirable
than flowers that merely suggest display.
Their spires recall those of a church and the
blue upward-pointing larkspurs or veronicas
take one’s thoughts insensibly to the skies.

There are two practical difficulties, how-
ever, about such flowers in a formal garden.
Some of them get unsightly at the base of the
spike before the top buds open and others

are not attractive when out of flower. Both
these objections apply somewhat to fox-
gloves, which have rather coarse, weedy
leaves, drop their blossoms untidily and are
unsightly when going to seed. Other flowers
that fall by this standard are asphodels and
the cardinal flower. But no such objection
can be made to larkspurs, veronicas, torch
lilies (wherever it is safe to leave them
in the ground all winter), the obedient plant
(Physostegia Virginica), or the snakeroots
Cimicifuga racemosa and Japonica), all of
which are spicate flowers breathing the
very spirit of aspiration. For all of them
possess that decorative quality when out
of bloom which is so essential in a formal
garden and all of them bloom a month
or more, or else yield a fair second crop,
if cut back after blooming and given plenty
of food and water.

I would not advocate using hardy plants
exclusively in a formal garden, but in every
home garden they ought to be dominant.
It is right that we have some tender plants,
because a formal garden must never be
without at least one bed of flowers or brightly
colored foliage. But there is no poetry or
romance in begonias or cannas or scarlet
sage or ageratum or any other tropical
foreigner that is told off to a special job,
like that of making a show. The object
of a formal garden is to stir the heart in a
way that no other kind of garden can do.
It does this chiefly by its alternate suggestions
of restriction and of freedom, its narrow
walks and luxuriant growth. ‘Tender plants
never (ook free. ‘The free, luxuriant flowers
—the ones that most stimulate the imagi-
nation are the ones that have their roots
deepest in Anglo-Saxon history and life —
the hollyhocks, bellflowers, columbines,
peonies, German irises, primroses, violets,
lily-of-the-valley, and clove pink.

I haven’t the slightest doubt that the
reason why a formal garden dominated by
hardy flowers brings such thronging mem-

A hardy perennial that meets 2]l the exacting requirements of a formal garden, Veronica longifolia, var.
subsessilis. the best dark blue perennia) flower trom August to October

Why isn’t this sort of thing cheaper, more per-
manent and more appropriate for every city and
suburban yard than geometrical beds of tender
plants in the middle of the lawn?

ories and even intimations of a previous
existence is that these flowers have been
loved longer by our ancestors than these
upstart begonias and abutilons. And I
know the reason why so many costly formal
gardens let you down with such a sickening
thud is that the show element is too much
in evidence. They are ostentatious and
cold because they do not have any home
feeling. It takes hardy perennials to give
the home feeling.

So much for the formal garden. Now
for the genuine landscape effects on great
estates. Here, of course, all are agreed
that tender plants are inappropriate. But
there are many people who believe that when
one is planting on a greater scale than that
of the suburban or city yard, the ordinary
mixed border is likely to have a weak and
spotty effect, especially at a distance. Con-
sequently, some have advocated using beds
of annual flowers to brighten shrubberies
after June, when the best part of the shrub
bloom is over. I believe that’ perennials
make more dignified and appropriate bed-
ders than annuals, even in the case of fox-
gloves, columbines, and other perennials
which, for this purpose, are best sown
every year and which may actually cost more
to raise and take longer to bring into flower
than annuals. The reason is that you can
always tell annuals, because they are
branched near the base, stand like single
plants, or otherwise betray their temporary
character, whereas perennials form glorious
clumps and groups with many shoots up-
rushing to a greater height or otherwise
proclaim their yearly triumph over the
winter.

We need to take a lesson from Highland
Park at Rochester, N. Y., which shows us
how to make a shrubbery collection inter-
esting when the shrubs are out of bloom.
Here you find no mixed borders of perennials,
but great beds of perennials like the fox-
gloves on page 279 and the yuccas and
Stokesias on this page — only one kind of
flower in a place and enough of it to fill the
eye. There is not a dull rod in the entire

aS Ml lt

JUNE, 1908

collection, for as you walk down those green
alleys between the families of shrubs, a
slight turn is always bringing a new picture
in sight. The great part of each picture
is greenery rather than flowers, as it always
ought to be, but whenever the shrubs them-
selves do not present a note of color by

ELTA is a prosperous little town
about forty miles south of Grand
Junction, Col., on the western slope of the
Rocky Mountains. The “western slope,”
including chiefly the counties of Montrose,
Delta, and Mesa, is the great fruit district
of Colorado, from which come the remark-
ably perfect apples and peaches that are
capturing highest prices in Eastern markets
and abroad. Grand Junction in Mesa
County is the horticultural and commercial
centre of this noted region, but Delta
County is likely to be a close competitor.
In 1906 it shipped 550 cars of peaches,
660 cars of apples, and 4oo cars of other
fruits.

The western slope is a rocky country and
vegetation, especially trees, is very sparse.
The region has a rainfall of but ten to fifteen
inches, so that irrigation is necessary. In
fact, it looks very desert-like to a traveler
from the humid East; but if he stays there
awhile, he soon becomes fascinated with the
rugged scenery and delightful climate.

Tucked away here and there among the
rocky hills and mountains are the fruit
growing lands, the valleys and mesas. A
“mesa” is a sort of plateau, or an elevated
and comparatively flat piece of land, usually
on the side of a valley. A mesa is really a
monstrous mudbar made by water centuries

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

their flowers you may be sure that Mr. Dun-
bar has provided the necessary accent
by means of a bed of some one noble flower
with a permanence that comports with that
of shrubbery.

To sum up: A hardy border is better
for a home than beds of tender plants;

ago. Some mesas are as big as several
Massachusetts counties; others are only a
few hundred acres in extent. Mesa land
is usually preferred to valley land for fruit.
Fruit trees on mesa land are never injured
by frost during the blossoming season, as is
sometimes the case on valley land. The
soil of a mesa, like all water-formed soils,
varies greatly, but is generally deep and
well drained.

The farm of Mr. Sweitzer is on ‘‘ Garnet
Mesa,”’ about two miles out of Delta. The
road to the farm leads through considerable
land that is in the natural state, sparsely
covered with sage-brush, greasewood, and
cacti. One who has not seen the trans-
formation himself, cannot even imagine the
contrast between the dry, barren-looking
sage-brush land and the green, cultivated
area, which results when this land is irri-
gated.

The name that my host had given his
farm, ‘“‘ Mountain View Fruit Farm,” is an
expression both of his esthetic sensibility
and his business sense. Giant peaks, snow-
covered the year round, are his daily inspira-
tion. I recall no fruit region that has a
more inspiring setting, unless it be the Hood
River Valley, with Mt. Hood and Mt.
Adams, looming white and majestic upon
the horizon. Mr. Sweitzer has turned this

281

a formal garden should be dominated by
hardy perennials; and the best bedding
effects in genuine landscape work are made
with hardy perennials, rather than annuals
or tender plants. Finally, hardy plants
can now be had from pots any day during
the summer.

Contrast the dry, barren sage-brush land in the foreground with the luxuriant orchard—a product of irrigation. Windbreak on further side

Growing Fancy Apples in Colorado on Irrigated Land
Worth $300 an Acre—By S. W. Fletcher, vies

ACTUAL FACTS AND EXACT FIGURES THAT WILL GIVE THE EASTERN MAN SOME IDEA OF THE
SPECIAL ADVANTAGES AND THE PECULIAR DIFFICULTIES OF THE COLORADO FRUIT GROWER

[Epiror’s Norr.—A previous article in Tue GarpENn MAGAZINE (September, 1907) called attention to the opportunities in growing fruit for a local market, especially in
the East. The present article reports the methods of a grower at Delta, Colorado, who raises fruit only for the general market and for long distance shipments. ]

feature of his environment to his commercial
advantage in his fruit label.

Twelve years ago Mr. Sweitzer bought
the 160 acres of land in this farm for $38,250.
Now the thirty-five acres of fruit upon it
could not be bought for $1,500 an acre.
It would be hard to get land equally well
adapted for fruit in this region, but un-
planted, for much less than $300 an acre.
I heard astonishing tales of prices asked
and taken for fruit land, and I am pretty
sure they were not merely tales to astonish
a tenderfoot. Let the man who yearns
to go West ‘“‘to buy cheap land”’ for fruit
growing pause over these figures. After
he has considered that $10 to $20 buys an
acre of rocky, New England hillside land,
which will grow A No. 1 peaches and
apples, and with city markets just over
the fence, he should count his cash to see
how many acres of Western land he can
buy, and leave enough capital to run the
business.

Fifteen hundred dollars an acre struck me
as a big valuation for an acre of bearing
orchard in that country. But I soon found
that the figure is justified by the returns.
I take from my notebook the gist of a
conversation with Mr. Sweitzer in January
of last year.

“T planted thirty-five acres of fruit twelve

years ago. ‘The trees were mostly Jonathan,
Gano, Rome Beauty and Winesap, the
Jonathan exceeding all others, with some
Jeniton, Willow-twig, Black-twig, and
Grimes. The Rome Beauty trees came
into bearing when planted four years; the
next year all other varieties came into bearing
except Black-twig. I kept an account of
my expenses and labor, and found that it
cost about $200 an acre to bring the trees
into bearing. After that, it has cost me $25
an acre per year for pruning, cultivating,
spraying, irrigating, and other necessary
care.”

Like every Easterner I was impressed
with the quick returns from this Western
apple orchard. ‘‘Do you mean to say that
four years after planting you took a profitable
crop from your trees?” I asked.

“That first crop was large enough to pay
for all expenses up to that time. I also
had revenue from squashes, grown between
the trees the first three years.” I recalled
certain Northern Spy orchards in New
York that are over fifteen years old, and
have not yet borne a paying crop. The
climate in this Western country is clearly
conducive to early bearing, and yet there
is no evidence that this means a shorter life
of the trees.

It is easy to see that this precocious
fruiting gives the Colorado man a great
advantage over the New Yorker; his money
is tied up in fruitless trees but half as long.
While the humid climate of the East is
unfavorable for early fruiting, our pro-
gressive fruit growers are now beginning
to force the trees to bear early, by propa-
gating from bearing trees, rather than from
the nursery row, and by summer pruning,
root pruning, and other means of checking
wood-growth. But summer pruning and
root pruning are artificial and dangerous
means of inducing early bearing, and not to
be compared with this spontaneous precocity
due to a dry climate.

Apple tree used as filler and now girdled. It will
be cut out after bearing the extra heavy crop
induced by girdling

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Apple trees here bear practically every
year, although some years not so heavily
as others. There never is an “off” year,
even with a variety like Baldwin, which
is usually a biennial bearer in the East.

Irrigation is done five or six times during
the season, applying from ten to fifteen inches.
The first irrigation is given as early in the
spring as is practicable, always before the
trees bloom. The second is given immedi-
ately after the petals have dropped; and
two weeks later another. If the season is
dry, water is given again, but the aim is
not to irrigate after July 15th, unless the
season is very dry and more water is needed
to swell out the fruit. The last irrigation
is given in November, after the trees have
shed their leaves and are dormant. This

fills the ground and wood of the trees with _

water, so that they go through the winter
better. Water costs $2.50 per acre a year.
The cultivation of an irrigated orchard

Poplar windbreak protecting the apple orchard from
severe winds which might blow off the fruits

does not differ materially from the cultiva-
tion of an orchard in the humid region.
In early spring, the orchard is plowed and
fitted. Sometimes the plowing is done in
the fall, but always once a year. After
every irrigation, which makes more or less
of a crust on the surface, thus favoring the
evaporation of water from the soil, the land
is cultivated; just as the careful fruit grower
of the East tills after a heavy rain has beaten
down the soil in his orchard. Mr. Sweitzer
prefers that most popular of all orchard
tools, the spring-toothed harrow, for part
of his tillage, following with the spike-
toothed harrow. A “float” is often used
for finishing an extra good job.

I was curious to know if the word “fer-
tilizer” had a place in the vocabulary of
this fruit grower, whose trees are on virgin
land. It had not. A little manure is used
occasionally. No cover crops are grown
to plow under. No commercial fertilizers
are bought. A neighboring grower said
to me, ‘Our virgin soil is of inexhaustible
fertility.’ I told him that the pioneer
farmer of Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan
made the same remark fifty years ago.

JUNE, 1908

Growing squashes between young apple trees for
quick returns. Note the peach “fillers’’

Now they study fertilizer tags and soil
analyses. So will these people, fifty years
hence; but only a few of them are far-sighted
enough now to foresee that inevitable result.

Pruning must be done skilfully in this
country. The old-time apple orchard of
the East, with trees headed six feet high,
is entirely out of date in the West as in the
East. Apple trees are here headed twenty-
four to thirty inches high. The first two
years the tree is cut back, to make a strongly
crotched and low-branched tree. After
that no heading back is done; the pruning
consists in merely thinning out crowding
branches. There is one exception to this,
however, in the Winesap, which Mr. Sweitzer
prefers to head back every year. “Always
head back to a branch,” he said. “I have
seen trees ruined because this was not done;
they kill back and sucker badly.”

Thousands of trees are ruined in the East
every year by rotten heart, due to a wound
made in pruning not having been protected.
The climate in western Colorado is so dry
that even large wounds will heal over per-
fectly without decay. There are no wounds
to paint.

The trees in Mr. Sweitzer’s orchard were
so uniformly thrifty and clean looking, that
I asked if the climate is unfavorable to the
ravages of pests, but I was told: “We have
to fight apple pests here fully as much
as you do in the East. I know that many
Eastern fruit growers think that in this
new country fruit trees are free from enemies,
that they grow spontaneously, without
protection; but as a matter of fact, I have
to expend more in keeping my trees free
from pests than the average fruit grower in
the East.

“Wooly aphis is the worst. Eastern
growers really know nothing of this pest;
they occasionally see the cottony form on
the branches, but the root form does little
damage. Here it will kill trees in a few
years, if not fought. We handle it in two
ways; by killing the branch form with the
lime-sulphur spray in winter, which also
kills the green aphis, another very serious
pest; and by putting tobacco dust on the
roots. ‘The soil is removed around the base
of the tree, exposing the main roots on

a

Ee ee ee en

ca

JUNE, 1908

Peach tree “fillers’’ in apple orchard. Heavily
““dehorned’’ two years ago to make new tops

which the aphis feeds, to a distance of two
or three feet from the tree. From two to
four pounds of tobacco dust are then sprink-
led over the roots, and the soil replaced.
Trees badly attacked by aphis make a very
poor growth and look sickly. Tobacco,
dust costs $45 a ton, or two and one half
cents per pound, so this treatment alone
is quite an item of expense.

“The coddling moth is the next worst
pest. The Eastern fruit growers have but
one, sometimes two, broods in a season to
fight and they come at fairly regular times,
so that a spraying just after the petals fall
and again about August ist, is bound to
control the worm, if well done. But here,
we have several broods, and they overlap
one another, so that there is a continual
stream of moths attacking our apples all
the season from May to September. Noth-
ing but constant spraying will keep our
apples from being wormy. If we neglect
spraying late in the season, the apples have
tiny worm holes in the sides, a sufficient

blemish to cut their selling value in two.

I know a man who sprayed thoroughly
until August rst, then stopped, and he had
over 50 per cent. of wormy fruit in the fall.
I spray for coddling moth three times any-
way, sometimes four or five. The first
spraying is given immediately after the petals
fall, the second within a week after, the
third, from the 5th to the toth of July.
I use the arsenate of lead altogether, because
I can use it without lime; it never injures
the foliage, and it does the work better
than other poisons, though it is somewhat
more expensive.

“We have no scale as yet, and the climate
is too dry for scab to grow much. We never
have to spray with Bordeaux for scab.
Almost all our troubles are insects.”

The apple trees are planted 16 feet by 32
feet. Peaches are grown between the rows
for the first twelve to fourteen years. The
illustration on this page shows how heavily
the peaches were “dehorned” two years
ago in order to get new wood and a
low tree.

It is now time to take out every other

apple tree in the row, leaving the permanent |

trees 32 feet apart, each way. But these
apple trees that will come out in the fall
were girdled last spring, they bore extra

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

heavy crops this year in consequence,
and although the girdling would seriously
injure the trees if they were to be left,
it does not matter since they are to be
removed.

Here is the owner’s statement of his
business, from exact records. The last three
years only are taken:

“Tn 1904, I took 27 carloads of apples from
the 35 acres, which brought me $10,000 gross.
In 1905, 12 carloads brought me $10,000
gross. In 1906, 25 carloads brought gross
returns of $14,000. The Jonathan is my
best money maker. In 1906, Jonathan trees
t2 years old brought me $800 per acre.
In 1904, a block of 600 Gano trees, 10 years
old, on two and three-quarter acres, gave me
$2,800 gross. In the same year, two acres of
Rome Beauty gave $1,226 gross. I under-

stand that the best of the thirty or forty year
old orchards in western New York, bring
in $1,000 to $1,500 an acre, but I have
yet to hear of an Eastern orchard that does
anywhere near as well when 12 years old.

Putting tobacco dust on roots of apple tree to kill
the woolly aphis

283

“It costs me $25 an acre to care for the
orchard, pruning, spraying, irrigating, etc.
My records show that I pay thirty-five to
forty cents a box for the subsequent ex-
pense; this furnishes the box, nails, and
paper, picks, grades, and packs the fruit,
and delivers it at the depot, two miles
away.

“In packing, the sides and ends of the
box, which holds one bushel, are lined with
a nice grade of white paper, as you face
an apple barrel; the balance of the fruit is
put in loosely. This ‘shuffle pack’ is
more commonly used here than the ‘tier
pack,’ in which the fruit is placed in rows.
But I make the fruit of absolutely uniform
grade throughout.

“T sell F. O. B. always. During the last
three or four years, I have received $1.25 to
$1.50 a box, F. O. B. Five carloads of
Jonathan sold in 1906 for $1.50 per box,
Ole Deedes init oes mom California.
Texas, Louisiana—everywhere.

“It costs 75 cents to ship a fifty-pound
box of apples to Chicago; $1 to New York,
60 cents to St. Louis. It costs 75 cents to
ship a box of peaches to St. Louis, $1 to
Chicago, $1.50 to New York. And California
gets the same rate that we do!”

On the whole, my opinion is that the
opportunities are equally great, or greater,
in the East, provided the same degree of
intelligence and energy is invested. I
know many men in Michigan and New York
and elsewhere in the East who have equaled
or surpassed this record of Mr. Sweitzer.
But if one wishes to grow superb fruit for
the general market with a safe guarantee

of at least fair financial success; and to live

in a most delightful and exhilarating climate,
among enterprising, big-hearted people, I
recommend a visit to Delta County, Colorado.

7]

Six-year-old Winesap apple tree. Four years after planting the trees bear a paying crop

All the Summer Spireas Worth Growing—By W. E. Pendleton, "2"

EVERYBODY WHO HAS A SHRUBBERY BORDER WILL BE INTERESTED IN THIS GROUP, WHICH BRIDGES
THE BIG GAP BETWEEN THE SPRING-BLOOMING BUSHES AND THE AUTUMN-FLOWERING HYDRANGEAS

The eighteenth of those heretical “Little Monographs” which use botany not to make a vain pretense of learning, but simply to find out which are the best kinds in every group, and why

BELIEVE that the people are inclined
to put altogether too high a value
upon the summer blooming spireas, simply
because they are the cheapest and most
easily grown shrubs
that bridge the gap
between spring and
fall bloom in the
shrubbery. They
are unsightly in
fruit; not interest-
ing in winter; their
autumn foliage is
not brilliant; they
are stiffer than Van
Houtte’s spirea
(which arches over
to meet the grass);
they sometimes
spread so fast by
suckers as to choke
out more refined
plants, and the ever-
present magenta, Anthony Waterer, in my
opinion, is debauching public taste, by
giving innocent people the idea that the
proper thing to do is to fill their grounds
with loud-mouthed disturbers of the peace
like golden-leaved elder, purple-leaved plum
(which the nurserymen call Prunus Pissardt),
and shrubs whose leaves are striped with
green, yellow, red or white.

I wish that everyone could afford the
time and money necessary to grow other
summer-blooming shrubs that have equal
or greater refinement, such as the dwarf
horse chestnut (4sculus parviflora), sweet
pepper bush (Clethra alnijolia), shining
sumach (Khus copallina), and the single
white rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus),
or the shrubs whose berries are attractive
in July and August, especially the honey-
suckles and the cornel (Cornus Mas). We
cought not to favor quick, easily grown,
showy things to the exclusion of quieter
plants, even if some of them cost more and
are slower and harder to grow.

On the other hand, the cheapest and
most popular plants for any special purpose
are entitled to a fair and sympathetic treat-
ment, and there is no denying that the
summer species will bloom two months
while the spring kinds may last two weeks.

We have four types of beauty in the genus
Spirea, each perfect in its way—the small
flat cluster, the large flat cluster, the large,
loose pyramid, and the dense narrow
cone. All the spring-bloomers have small
flat clusters (simple umbels), while the
summer-bloomers have a compound inflor-
escence. What the spring-bloomers lack
in size they make up by the graceful manner
in which their clusters line the stems. thus
forming showy ‘‘ropes of bloom.” Twenty

Flat-clustered spirea.
The favorite tall, pink
hybrid, S. Margarit

kinds in this group are in cultivation, but
the “high C” is sounded by Van Houtte’s
spirea, the one that everybody knows best.
The spring-bloomers are all white-
flowered; the summer-bloomers are usually
some shade of crimson or pink. The
spring-bloomers are pruned after flowering,
the summer-bloomers in early spring, before
growth starts. The best of the spring-
bloomers are described and pictured in THE
GARDEN MacazineE for May, 1906.

I.—THOSE WITH FLAT CLUSTERS

These often have clusters three or four
inches across, thrice or twice the size of the
spring-bloomers. ‘Though showier, they are
inclined to be a little stiffer —less graceful.

SHOWIEST HYBRID — ANTHONY WATERER

The tyrant of this group is Spirea Bum-
alda, var. Anthony Waterer, which came with
a whoop about 1895 and has almost bullied
the others out of cultivation simply because
it has the deepest, and therefore the showiest,
color of them all. The catalogues euphemize
it, and the “shorter and uglier” phrase
might be used to characterize some of the
colored plates. The flowers are crimson-
purple, fading to a dirty magenta. I like
crimson-purple-magentas at dusk as well
as any man, for they are softened in a
mellow light, but all through the long sunny
day they are harsh, artificial, gaudy; and
they are the chief cause of color discords
in the garden, because you cannot combine
them with any flower color save white.

Anything that has a twenty-horse-power
color and blooms all summer is just the
thing for small parks in big cities, but why
spoil our front yards by edging the shrubbery
with a dozen or two of these poignant
spireas? And in what formal garden can
you have a bed of them, without their
making two or three horrid clashes as you
view them in relation to other beds? Why
tolerate all day in the garden as a main

Wild garden effect of the meadowsweet (S. salici-
folia), showing how the stiff, conical-clustered spireas
are mellowed by distance

284

feature anything that is beautiful only for
an hour or two?

The legitimate way to use the Waterer
spirea on private grounds is for making
occasional dots of color
in the bays of shrub-
bery—not the promon-
tories — being care-
ful to have tall shrubs
at the back and sides,
since only luxuriant
greenery will give the
shadows and atmos-
phere necessary to
soften and purify the
colors bordering on
magenta.

I have seen no evi-
dence that Waterer’s
spirea differs from Bum- Pe oe:
ald’s (S. Bumalda) save <3. Douglasi, ave
in deeper color. Both Gollsienuimencenene
are about two feet
high, have the same season, and the same
Joseph’s coat effect, the foliage being irregu-
larly striped with pink, yellowish white and
green.

This Bumald’s spirea is supposed to
be a hybrid between the pink and white
Japanese spireas ( S. Japonica and albifiora),
getting its dwarfness and angular branches
from the latter and its diverging seed-pods
from the former.

Ameadowsweet

FOUNTAIN HEAD OF HYBRIDS—JAPONICA

In order to comprehend these flat-clustered
hybrids we must go to the fountain head,
which is Spirea Japonica. ‘The Japanese
form, I take it, is not quite so desirable as
the Chinese, the cluster being less com-
pound and the leaves smaller. It is a foot
shorter and the under side of the leaf is
bluish-green while that of the Chinese is
bluish white.

The Chinese form is what everybody
calls S. Fortunei or callosa, the latter name
referring to the callous-tipped teeth which
characterize the variety. Another way of

telling the Chinese form is that the leaves .

are wrinkled (rugose) above while the
Japanese are not. The correct name of
the Chinese form is S. Japonica, var. Fortunet
and I presume .(for, of course we have
mighty little real evidence in such matters)
that this has been the chief parent of the
flat-clustered hybrids. I propose to refer to
both forms as the purple-tipped spirea. This
pretty purplish red color in the unfolding
leaves of any spirea of doubtful parentage
may be taken asa sign of Japonica blood.

BEST TALL HYBRID — MARGARITAE

Since the thing most to be desired in this
genus is a pure pink, it would be natural

’

JUNE, 1908

Bumald’s spirea, parent of the ubiquitous Anthony

Waterer. Magenta flowers can be softened and puri-
fied only by having a luxuriant background like this
to furnish greenery and shadows

for hybridizers to cross this purple-pink
Chinese spirea with the European and
American species that have white flowers in
flat clusters, and this is what seems to have
been done in the case of S. Margarite, the
only rival of the Waterer spirea that is
warmly commended just now. How good
its “bright pink” may be I cannot say,
but the fact that it grows twice as high
as the Waterer spirea (four or five feet)
gives it an excuse for existence. In height,
evidently, it follows the Chinese form of the
purple-tipped spirea, while its larger flowers
are supposed to be derived from S. superba,
which, though pink, is believed to be a hybrid
between two white-flowered species (the
Japanese albiflora and the American corym-
bosa). The botanical evidence for the
hybridity of Margarite is as follows: It
has the cylindrical (not angled) branches
of Japonica, the upright seed-pods of albi-
flora and the larger individual flower of
superba.

The last member of this group that is at
all suitable for Northern borders is the
Japanese albiflora which grows only a foot
and a half high. I know only one American
nurseryman who offers it.

TWO FOR SOUTHERN SHRUBBERIES

The most beautiful flat-clustered white-
flowered spirea for the South, as nearly as
Ican make out, is the gray-leaved Himalayan
spirea (S. canescens). The South is for-
tunate in being able to grow the plants of
the Himalayas, and I predict that when the
Gardening Renaissance comes to the South
it will look as eagerly to the Himalayas for
floral treasures as the North has looked to
Japan and now looks to the back parts of
China. This gray-leaved spirea is grown
as far north as Morrisville, Pa., where it
may attain three to six feet, but in a warmer
climate it has been known to attain a height
ot twelve feet —a superb size for a bush
that combines summer bloom with the
graceful habit of the spring-blooming section.
You will find this plant under many names,
e. g., argentea, cuneata, cuneifolia, flagellata,
flagelliformis, rotundifolia and vaccinifolia.

The loveliest flat-clustered, pink-flowered
spirea for the South is S. pulchella, a hybrid

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

that is supposed to owe its beauty to two
more Himalayan species, since it combines
the broad clusters of expansa with the
brighter color of bella.

FOUR FLAT CLUSTERS FOR ROCKERIES

There are mighty few people in America
who have good rockeries, and therefore I
must dismiss these briefly. The best pink
flowered kind seems to be S. bullata. Three
native white-flowered species are offered:
S. decumbens grows a half foot high; S.
corymbosa two or three feet high and has
thick, oval leaves; S. Virginiana grows
three or four feet high and has thin oblong
leaves.

Ii— THOSE WITH CONICAL CLUSTERS

All these have dense, narrow cones like
the one pictured on page 284. It must
be confessed that this is the stiffest and least
beautiful type of spirea, and also that the
spikes are liable to a sort of blasting or
damping off. They are most untidy when
passing out of bloom. Moreover, most
of them spread by suckers, so that I consider
them quite unfit for hardy borders. On
the other hand they make lovely distant
effects (as the picture on page 284 shows)
and are excellent for wild gardening, especi-
ally in meadows and damp places. Most
of them can be had in large quantities at
low rates, e. g., $10-$25 per 100. Incon-
genial situations they will make spikes five
to eight inches long.

THREE WHITE-FLOWERED MEADOWSWEETS

Before I bring on the villain of this group,
let me introduce the oldest favorite — the
meadowsweet or queen of the meadow.
This is considered by Dr. Britton as a
single species of world-wide distribution.
To protect gardeners’ interests, however,
I shall follow Mr. Rehder and split it into
three species: the European, the Eastern,
and the Western.

The European meadowsweet (S. salici-
jolia) has rather oblong clusters and yellow-
ish brown branches, while the American
meadowsweets have pyramidal clusters and
reddish brown branches. The European
meadowsweet has white or pinkish flowers
and the Japanese variety commands a higher
price because it has the most pink in it.

The Eastern meadowsweet (S. /atifolia)
is taller and more upright than the form
that is commonly found west of the Alle-
ghanies, and the chief botanical difference
is that the clusters are minutely woolly
(tomentulose). It attains a height of six feet.

The Western meadowsweet (S. alba) is
only two to five feet high, is more branched,
and the clusters are quite glabrous.

These white-flowered meadowsweets seem
to bloom before the pink ones, beginning
about the end of June and continuing
through July, while the next three are more
likely to begin in July and run over a little
into August.

FOUR PINKISH-PURPLE MEADOWSWEETS

The most violently colored spirea of the
conical-clustered group is Douglas’s spirea

285

(S. Douglasi) which, I grieve to say, is used
by some people as a hedge, thereby producing
a faithful billboard effect. A colored plate
in The Garden makes it a tender pink,
something like ‘chaste marble kissed by
the rosy flush of dawn.” I hope there is
such a variety, but I suspect that this ideal
has not yet been realized. To achieve it
one would naturally this strong-
colored Douglas spirea with the common
white meadowsweet of Europe, and that
seems to be exactly what has been done to
produce the favorite pink hybrid meadow

cross

sweet of the day, viz. S. Billardii. Other
attempts to realize this same ideal are
Lenneana, Bethlehemensis, rubra, trium-

phans, eximia, Constantia, and Californica,
all presumably of the same parentage. I
wish that some country gentleman who has
a large place would make a collection of
these hybrids and tell us their relative
merits. Now that we have the splendid
color chart of the French Chrysanthemum
Society, we ought to have a color key to
every group that contains these lavender-
purple-crimson shades so that the sheep
can be separated from the goats and honestly
recorded.

Another purplish pink from the Pacific
Coast is S. Menziesii. Its only horticultural
distinction is that it grows four feet high
while Douglasi attains eight feet and
Billardii six. The chief botanical difference
is that Menzies’s meadowsweet has the under
side of the leaves pale green while that of
Douglas’s meadowsweet is woolly white.
Thus the amount of Douglas blood in the
hybrids above-mentioned may be roughly
gaged by the amount of white wool present,
since the white-flowered meadowsweets are
glabrous.

The fourth and last of these colored
meadowsweets is the hardhack or steeple-
bush (S. tomentosa), which is the latest
bloomer (beginning toward the end of July
and lasting through August), and perhaps
has the deepest color, since it is frequently

how a single summer spirea bush will

Showing
brighten a large collection of shrubs (S. Japonica,
var. abd)

286

described as purple. So far as I know it is
the only conical-clustered spirea that does
not spread by suckers. It will grow only
in peaty or sandy soil. It attains about
four feet and is found wild from Canada
to Georgia.

UI—THOSE WITH INTERMEDIATE CLUSTERS

The third and last group of summer-
blooming spireas comprises the hybrids
between the flat and the conical-clustered

“species, producing a cluster about as broad

as high. If I were a European nurseryman
I should try to cross the flat pink cluster
of the Chinese spirea with the pink cone of
the Pacific Coast species and’ the common
white meadowsweet of Europe (in other
words, Japonica, Douglasi, salicifolia) in
the hope of getting one of those great fluffy
pyramids that are the glory of the tall
spireas (such as the ash-leaved S. sorbifolia).
If I got anything valuable I should say
nothing about the parentage of these hybrids,
and of course I should not be guilty of
mentioning my ideals. (Ideals have no
place in horticulture. The only information
to which the public is entitled is prices and
the kind of hairs on the calyx.)

The most beautiful white-flowered hybrid
yet secured in this third group, so far as I
know, is S. Fontenayst. It has perhaps the
smallest clusters, these being only two or
three inches long, but their color and what-
ever elongation they possess is probably
derived from the European meadowsweet.
This Fontenay hybrid has the grace of the
spring-blooming spireas, getting this char-

acter and its tenderness from that gray- -

leaved Himalayan spirea which I said
combined summer-bloom with spring grace
(S. canescens). This grace is largely due
to the clusters being borne on lateral branch-
lets, while the following hybrids have the
terminal clusters of the regular summer-
bloomers. Iam afraid this Fontenay hybrid
is only for the South.

Which is the finest pink hybrid among
those with intermediate clusters I cannot
say. Only those who can get fine collections
of living plants are in a position to tell,
and they never leave a record in horticul-
tural literature. (For to talk about such
things is the very life and soul of gardening,
but to put them in print is bad form. The
only proper course is to describe in alpha-
betical order all the rare kinds that you
possess with the driest botany you can crib
from Nicholson’s Dictionary, being careful
to avoid aJl taint of the comparative spirit.)
However, the only ones I find offered in
America to-day are S. semperflorens and
Regeliana. I can tell you anything you
care to ask about the leaves, teeth, hairs,
or follicles, but whether they are any good
or not I cannot say, because, forsooth,
these are only matters of opinion and taste,
and quite beneath the attention of the
botanist.

CULTURE OF SUMMER SPIREAS

The culture of summer spireas is simplicity
itself. They can be planted either in spring
or fall. The purple-tipped spirea is some-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

times killed to the ground in the North,
but this is no matter for it will recover and
bloom the first season. The conical clustered
kinds appreciate a more abundant water
supply during the growing season than
ordinary shrubs. The flower heads should
be cut off as soon as they become unsightly.
They do not produce their flowers all at
once like the spring-bloomers but will
blossom freely through July and August
if well-fed, well watered, and well cut. The
time to prune them is while they are dormant,
preferably early spring. ‘Those that make
terminal clusters on this years’ wood can be
cut back severely, if desired, but those
which bloom laterally on branchlets pro-
ceeding from last year’s wood ought never
to be cut back, as it ruins their arching grace
and makes them stubby. ‘The only pruning
they need is cutting out weak shoots and
thinning the crowded places.

The illustrations for this article were all
made at Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y.

(Next month, I should like to describe
some really interesting spireas —the tall
kinds, which the botanists have thrown out
of the genus entirely, and given particularly
hard names; but they have the biggest and
fluffiest flower-clusters in the whole lot and

anybody can grow them.)
The BACK YARD:

=

An Aid to Tidiness

E HAVE found when working in our
city back yard that it is absolutely
necessary to have a box for garden refuse,
a barrel for liquid fertilizer and what we
call a “hired man’”—an ugly combination,
but at the same time a very useful one.
The garden refuse box is most convenient
as a temporary receptacle for leaves, weeds,

al :

WNeatness in the back yard is assured by having a
handy covered box to receive paper, etc.

JUNE, 1908

papers, and other litter which one finds
daily in the garden. ‘

The barrel is used in the early spring
for dissolving nitrate of soda which we apply
to the lawn as soon as the grass starts.
This is used in the proportion of half an

The handle of the garden fork is a practical substitute
for the hired man in holding the hose

ounce of soda to a gallon of water. The
barrel is useful later in the season for making
liquid manure for the roses. This is
made of one-third of cow manure and two-
thirds water, which is allowed to stand
for a few days before using. Dilute to
about one-half the strength or until it is
the color of strong tea, and apply when
the ground is wet so as not to burn the
roots. We also use it on the lawn and on
all well-established plants, except begonias.
For roses use two quarts of fertilizer to a plant
every week from the time the buds appear
until they show color. It is well to put a
little Paris green into the barrel to kill
whatever insects may be in the manure.
Also sprinkle kerosene on the surface of
the water to prevent mosquitoes from
breeding. The head of the barrel is used
as a cover.

The “hired man” is the garden fork
which can hold the hose as well as most men
and does not “‘soldier,” talk back, or trample
down the seedlings. In this respect it is
the best labor saver I have ever found.

Rhode Island. H. Howarp PEppPER.

Good Quality in Beans

UALITY in beans, other than the re-
spective merits of the varieties and
adaptation to situation, etc., depends upon
a quick, strong growth of the plant, so that
the pods are developed without any check.
The plant is a gross feeder, and to secure
a quick, strong growth with any of the types,
the soil must be made rich with liberal quan-
tities of manure, compost, or a high-grade
commercial fertilizer. The soil must be kept
constantly loose, fine, and open by frequent
workings with the hoe or cultivator, but care
must be taken not to throw the wet earth
against the pods.
Penn. EDD

JUNE,

1908

Afecece sl Fartand Ca

FROM NOW UNTIL

uly Ist
Not Later

There is no more useful garden material than what
are known as Dutch Bulbs, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi,
Crocus, etc. ‘They give for a small outlay of time and
money an abundance of flowers in the house from
December until April, and in the garden almost before
the snow is off the ground in the spring until the middle
of May. These Bulbs are grown almost exclusively in
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before reaching the retail eee in America.

By ordering from us mow instead of waiting

until fall, you save from 20 to 4o per cent. in

cost, get a superior quality of Bulbs not to be
obtained at any price in this country, and have a
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are delivered to our customers in the original packages
immediately upon their arrival from Holland, perfectly
fresh and in the best possible condition.

If you wish to take advantage of our very low
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July Ist, as we import Bulbs to order only. They
need not be paid for until after delivery, or taken if not
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A few of the Prices:
Per 100

Fine Mixed Hyacinths : 5 SMD)
Fine Mixed Tulips : 80
Extra Fine Mixed Tulips 1.90
Narcissus Poeticus é 65
Double Daffodils 5 Rite Hino)
Narcissus Bicolor Empress 50
Narcissus Emperor - : SS
Narcissus Golden Spur. 3 5 Pe
Narcissus Mrs. Walter T Ware

splendid free flowering : ; 3.50
Spanish Iris, splendid mixture . 30

ELLIOTT NUKCERY CO.
PITTSBURGH

&

288

CANNINGEPRESERVING,

/

| *&

Better Ways of Fruit Preserving
NEN jelly usually means a tedious

undertaking involving several hours
stooping over a hot fire on a summer day,
but there is a much less laborious way
than the usual one of long boiling, and
the finished product has more of a fresh
fruit flavor to it. If using currants, wash
the fruit before stemming and reject all
broken and pink-looking ones. Warm on
platters at the back of the stove, or in the
oven if a gas range is used, and be sure to

Currant jelly is easily made by just allowing the
Juice to boil, adding the sugar and removing from
the stove at once

- realize that the word ‘‘warm” means

warmed through and not heated hot. Mash
thoroughly with a potato masher and
Squeeze through a jelly bag.

Allow a pint of sugar to every pint of
juice, and place the sugar in the oven to
become as hot as possible without burning,
so that when mixed with the juice it will
not cool it. Heat the juice and watch it
carefully as it comes to the boiling point.
The moment it boils all over the kettle,
dump in the hot sugar as quickly as possible,
stirring vigorously, and take the pan from
the stove at once whether the sugar is
melted or not. Continue stirring for some
minutes until the sugar entirely dissolves
and then pour into glasses. A day or two
later, when the jelly has set, cover the

lasses with papers which have been dipped
into brandy or paraffin.

When a large quantity is being made,
it is quicker and safer to have one person
stir the juice and another put in the sugar.
If these directions are followed exactly, the
jelly will be a clear, beautiful color and
quite firm; but if it is not taken from the fire
the minute the sugar is put into the juice,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

it will not jell until it has been boiled for
twenty minutes. The secret of success,
therefore, is to allow the juice to come to a

boil all over, get in the sugar as quickly as’

possible, and remove from the stove im-
mediately. As there is no waste from
boiling, one can usually count on four
boxes making nine glasses of jelly. Keep
in a cool, dark place. This method of
making jelly applies only to currants so
far as I know.

THE EASE OF SUN COOKING

It is surprising that more people have not
heard of preserving fruit in the sun, as
the boiling process is much curtailed and
the result will be a preserve with a fresher
taste and better color.

Raspberries, cherries and _ strawberries
are particularly delicious when prepared
this way, especially the last, which is such
a watery fruit that it loses much in taste
and color if canned and seems to need more
than any other fruit the richness of the real
preserve.

Gather the fruit early in the season when
it is not over-ripe, selecting large, well-
flavored, firm and unbruised berries. If
dusty, gently rinse them. Remove the hulls
and weigh, allowing a pound of sugar to a
pound of fruit. Place in layers in the
saucepan, berry layer first, and uo water
is required. Be careful not to have too
many layers, however, as the weight of the
sugar is apt to break the delicate fruit.
Heat slowly on the stove until the sugar is
melted and the mass raises up for a moment
or two. Remove from the fire and spread
in shallow platters or agate pans. Place
these where the sun shines hottest —a tin
roof isan excellent place — for from twelve to
twenty-four hours or until the syrup thickens
and jellies.

If the sun does not shine for that
length of time, bring the pans into the
kitchen where they will get the heat from
the stove, allowing them to stand until
the right consistency is obtained. This
will probably take longer but the result

Strawberries thoroughly warmed on the stove will
finish up in twelve hours by sun cooking

June, 1908

will usually be the same. Pour the preserve
into jars and seal.

PINEAPPLE PRESERVE

Another delicious preserve not difficult —

to make and most useful for sherbets and
desserts is pineapple. The fruit is at its
best the last of June. We have an in-
expensive little instrument for taking the
eyes out of pineapples which can be bought
in any of the department stores. With this
and a sharp knife with which to first pare the
fruit, the work of preparation is simplified.

After removing the eyes, shred the pine-
apple to the core with a silver fork. Allow
half a pound of sugar to a pound of fruit
and place in a saucepan without water,
allowing it to slowly come to a boil. Boil

For taking the eyes out of pineapples, an in-
expensive little instrument may be purchased at
any department store. Only five minutes boiling
is necessary

for four or five minutes, place in pint jars
and seal. Six ripe and juicy pineapples
make about five pints of preserve.

A USE FOR CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES

Somewhat different from these preserves
is bar-le-duc, requiring considerable care
and trouble in the making. It is delicious
in afternoon tea sandwiches either with
or without a layer of cream cheese, is ex-
ceedingly rich, and is much less expensive
to make than to purchase.

It is made of either currants or goose-
berries. Carefully look over the berries,
set aside the largest of the fruit, and remove
stems and ends. Enough of the remaining
fruit must be mashed and strained through
a cloth to make half a cupful of juice. To
this amount allow one and one-half pounds
of sugar. This is such a large quantity
in comparison to the amount of liquid that
in order to prevent burning, place the sauce-
pan in another of boiling water for ten or
fifteen minutes. This will commence the
melting process, and it can then be very
easily brought to a boil on the stove. Skim,
and boil five minutes, stirring constantly.
Drop in carefully one-half pound of the
selected berries and simmer for six minutes
longer. Remove the fruit on a skimmer
to the jelly glasses, being careful not to
break them. Boil the syrup five minutes
longer or until thick and fill up the tumblers.
Cover with brandied papers. These quanti-
ties will make three small glasses.

New Jersey. Laura B. CARPENTER.

= The Readers’ Servi ill put y
JUNE , 1908 4 H E G A R D EK N M A G iN i, I N E in oun. Heh able ay uae 289

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Time to Plant Dahlias

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290

Prolonging the Flower Season

Y APPLYING nitrate of soda around
the pansy and sweet pea plants
during this month, growth will be increased
and the flowering season prolonged. A
teaspoonful to every one or two plants will
be sufficient, and this must be applied
regularly at intervals of one week to get
results.

The flowers in pots and boxes will require
more water than usual as the soil dries
out faster now than in the cool spring
weather.

Chrysanthemums can be had in flower in
November by setting out the plants very
early in the month. Give plenty of water
and shade for the first two weeks after
planting.

Do not allow cucumbers and squashes
to go to seed, as that would cause the vines
to stop bearing. Cut off the fruits with a
sharp knife and the best time to do this is
in the early morning.

Take some cuttings from the old tomat
plants and set them out some time this month
when the soil is damp. They will produce
tomatoes for use in August and September.

Sow seed of watermelon and muskmelon
during this month for a late crop in August
and early September. Soak the seed in
water at least twelve hours before planting
to facilitate quick germination.

This is the month for harvesting wheat,
rye, and oats, and for sowing cowpeas and
sorghum cane for hay. Cowpeas makea very
profitable crop to grow for hay.

Give the cotton very shallow cultivation
as it will not succeed well if cultivated
deeply at this time of year. Plant some cow-
peas for seed in the corn rows at the second
plowing of the corn and if possible do this
before the first of the month.

Set out cuttings from the sweet potato
vines. Cuttings are better than plants,
for at this season they will make a much
quicker growth.

Do not fail to plant an entire acre with
sweet potatoes. One cannot have too
many, for if it is not possible to market them
profitably, they are excellent to feed to the
hogs and thus save corn. There is more
money in sweet potatoes even at fifty cents
a bushel than there is in cotton at eleven
cents a pound, the potatoes producing
more to the acre and requiring less work.

It is not yet too late to plant ground peas.
The Spanish variety is the best for late plant-
ings as the other varieties require a much
longer season of growth.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Collards in the South

eee are few more popular vege-
tables in this locality than the col-
lard, and this is probably because it is in
the markets during the winter when other
fresh vegetables are very scarce. Frost
improves the flavor instead of ruining it.
It is more easily cultivated than cabbage
and can be grown on almost any soil, but
it succeeds best in a rich, sandy loam that has
been given a dressing of well-decayed cow
manure at least two weeks before the plants
are set out. The Georgia collard is the
best to grow as the leaves are more tender
and of a lighter green than the other varieties.

Sow the seed thickly in a drill some time
in May or very early in June. When the
plants are four or five inches high transplant
to two feet apart in rows which are from
two to three feet distant.

Wrap newspapers around the tops of the collard
to blanch the leaves; the flavor then nearly equals
that of the best cabbage

Begin cultivation as soon as the soil has set-
tled firmly about the roots of the plants and
continue until the first frost. By keeping the
soil loose and free from weeds, a mammoth
growth will be encouraged and this constant
cultivation will also keep the harlequin bugs
from attacking the plants. Foran insecticide
with which to kill these bugs see THE GAR-
DEN MaAcazinE for April, 1907, page 145.

The leaves can be very easily blanched
by placing a large thick paper sack over
the tops or by wrapping newspapers around
them some time in October. Another
way to blanch them is to dig up the stalks
and place them very closely together in one
corner of the garden. Pack the soil very
firmly around the roots and cover the tops
with green pine brush or anything which
will keep out the light. The proper time
to do this is during November when the
soil is a little moist. Well blanched collard
is almost equal to the most delicious cabbage.

Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED.

JUNE, 1908

Propagating Hardy Garden Roses

ee easiest and most satisfactory method

of increasing one’s stock of garden
roses, I have found, is by layering. The
special advantages of this method for the
amateur are that no greenhouse and no cold-
frame are necessary, and indeed no special
care of any kind is required.

I have propagated roses in this manner
with excellent results for several years, get-
ting stockier, thriftier, and better flowering
plants the first year than the two-year-old
plants bought at the same time.

Early in June I bend down to the ground
the branch to be rooted and with a hammer
and forked stake, placed abcut six inches
from the root, drive the branch one and
a half to two inches beneath the surface
of the soil. This crushes and bruises the
branch at the point where it is pegged
down and the bruising seems to accelerate
rooting. A hoeful of earth is throws
over the lowest part of the branch anc
trodden down firmly, completing ‘he
operation.

The following spring when the buds begin
to swell, the stalk is cut off at the ground level
between the parent plant and the stake and
the new plant is lifted up and reset wher-
ever wanted. With rare exceptions, these
have a good bunch of roots at the point
where staked down and bloom profusely
the first season. :

The varieties of roses with which I have
experimented are the common General
Jacqueminot, La France, Paul Neyron, Fran-
cois Levet, Anna De Diesbach, and a yery
old yellow garden rose whose name I do not
know. Results were satisfactory with the
exception of Paul Neyron, which did not
strike roots.

New Jersey. ABEL R. CorBIn.

Sow collards in June. In the South they are more
easily grown than cabbages

Junr, 1908

IRONING

Made Easy

You can easily iron your plain clothes
and flat work with the Simplex Ironer
much better, quicker and at less
~.. expense than by any other
as wus method. The
» goods leave

FF ironer beauti-
fully fin-
ished, per-
fectly dry
‘ ©! and ready
to put away. The

SIMPLEX IRONER

THE BEST IRONER

is made in styles for the smallest home to the largest
also for clubs, hotels, etc., and is sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. It soon pays for itself by saving labor,
fuel, time and expense. It’s simple, very easily
operated and will last a lifetime. Cost only le an
hour to heat by gas or gasoline.

Write for dealer who sells the Simplex in your
city. If no dealer we ship on 30 Days’ Free Trial.
Send for free descriptive booklet.

AMERICAN IRONING MACHINE Co.,
H—32 E. Lake Street, Chicago, Il.

6000

Money-Making Farms
For Sale in 14 States

Anendlessvariety in size, priceand

A. ' purpose; stock and tools included

a » with many. “Strout’s Catalogue No.

7 2! 20,” our new 216-page book of bargains, profusely

Ryu” illustrated, containing State Maps, reliable infor-

mation of farming localities and traveling instructions to see proper-
ties, mailed FREE, if you mention this paper.

We pay railroad fares.

E. A. STROUT CO. 150 Nassau St., New York

G ARDEN Light, strong and ser=

vViceable. Is furnished with
Plow, Shovel, Rake, Weeder
PLOW and Wrench—all interchange-
able. Weight 17 pounds—light
enough for a child. The best
implement made for work in gar-
dens. Write for price and finely

illustrated pamphlet No. 121

PARLIN & ORENDORFF CO., CANTON, ILLINOIS

$1.00 Dahlias Te ary one sending]

me $1.00 I will send
20 Dahlia Bulbs—no two alike—all named
varieties and good ones. I have 400 kinds.

C. F. PRENTISS

65 Galen St. Brockton. Mass.

The Elm City Nursery Company, New Haven, Conneclicut
Me NEW inititcca|

HYDRANGEA
GRANDIFLORA ALBA

The most valuable addition to our
strictly hardy garden shrubs that has
bYappeared in years. Withstands zero
J weather without injury. Immense
fY heads of purest white blooms in June
(See zlustration). After maturity turn-
ing to deep green like the foliage,—
‘ an attractive feature. As a specimen
The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground
drangea—/rom photo of taller shrubs itis a tremendous success.
PRICES CE established, deliv-\ From 6 inch pots, $1.50 each.
ery after April rth) $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots,$r.00
each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, $.35
each, $3.25 per 10. Shipment by Lixpress advised.

The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.
Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog is now veady. You
can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spring order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to

advise parents in regard to schools 291

WILL SAVE COUNTLESS LIVES

«‘The Forbes Sterilizer is superior to all filters or other water sterilizers’’

Heighth 32 Inches. Finely

Finished Copper and Brass 1200 Callowhill St.

U. S. Goverument Report

Good health is a blessing. Unsafe water—the kind you are forced to drink—
is a curse. It robs life of its richest enjoyments and it costs our country over
$100,000,000.00 every year. Some day you must pay your share of this shameful
loss. You cannot escape. Sterilized water provides the positive protection.

You should know that safe water is as essential as pure air. The only perfect,
economical and satisfactory method of obtaining an abundant supply of absolutely
safe water tor drinking or culinary purposes is provided by the Forbes Sterilizer.
Filters can not render this service. Boiled water is objectionable—flat, insipid and
a bother. Distilled water is harmful. Forbes Sterilized Water is pleasing and
palatable and most beneficial in its action.

The Forbes Sterilizer is guaranteed to destroy all the disease-breeding germs
that are carried in water—typhoid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria, cholera, etc.
It helps remove many other ills to which the flesh is heir. Built in all sizes for
office buildings, hospitals, hotels, schools, stores and factories. The one illustrated
is a necessity in every properly appointed home—portable, always ready for
service anywhere. IT IS NOT A FILTER.

New Domestic Sterilizer. Home is incomplete without it. Capacity two

to tour gallons cold sterilized water an hour.
Costs one-tenth of a cent per gallon, or less, ‘‘Fool-proof” and “Bridget-proof,”” anyone who can
strike a match can operate it. Very handsome. Built of copper and brass. Lasts a lifetime, yet pays
for itself the first year. Price complete, $25.00, net. Send check for one today, so as to reap its
benefits with as little delay as possible. Orders are filled in rotation, so do not get impatient for yours,
State whether yours is to operate by gas, alcohol or kerosene.

FORBES COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1899

Philadelphia

Stained with Cabot's Shingle Stains
Robert C, Spencer, Fr., Architect, Chicago

The House Beautiful

is much more beautiful when stained with the soft,
harmonious tones of

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

Their colors have the same depth and richness that is
found in nature, and houses stained with them melt har-
moniously into the landscape. They cost 50% less than
paint, wear as long and grow old gracefully—no cracking
and peeling like paint—and being made of Creosote they
preserve the wood.

~
Samples on wood and Catalogue sent free on request

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., iianareerurers

“ 2 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.
Agents at all Central Points

HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN NURSERY STOCK

WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS.

A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc.

BAY STATE

=

BY GEORGE DYRE ELDRIDGE

In the Potter’s House

clashes of three men of different temperament, all of
whom love the same woman.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co., 133 East 16th St., NEW York CITY

Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking.

NURSERIES NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

NOVEL of natural human passions in a primitive
community, marked chiefly by the dramatic

$1.50.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
292 de

advise parents in regard to schools

AMISOB vee IDB UN MUG BZ JUIN Ie , Juny, 1908

Hot-Air Pump
| This company would like to write for you a
ie Oye:

policy of “ WaterInsurance.’’ It is a life pol-
icy, with no premiums after the first payment.
The policy is transferable, and may be sold or
bequeathed to your descendants. No physical
examination is required, and we insure the sick
or well at any age. Our policy is more com-
prehensive than a fire insurance policy, in that
it not only protects you from fire but insures to
you many of the comforts and conveniences of
life, which are in no other way obtainable, such
for instance as the morning bath, running
water in every room, also in the barn and
garden. It insures the luxury of beautiful
flowers and succulent vegetables, of a fresh
green lawn, and sprinkled driveway. It in-
sures to you all those advantages of abundant
water, always ready to hand, which are so
sorely missed by the city dweller when he
removes to the country, and which the
country resident will never do without when

The New Century Lawn Sprinkler

Revolves freely with any pressure. Equal spray
over circle from three to fifty feet in diameter.

Head and
Arms of : Black
Polished Brass Enameled

Wheels
Ss Mounted \ ae
on Wide Base, Red Enameled “&

SIMPLE AND DURABLE

Your money back if not entirely satisfactory. Sent
express prepaid anywhere in the United States east
of Rocky Mountains for only $250. Descriptive
circular free.

THE YOST ELECTRIC MFG. CO.
Lincoln Ave., Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.

211 N. Oanitol St. Lexington, Mass.

For Liquor and

a S Ae
skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 28 years
[7 ag a aa AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:
Hot Springs, Ark. Dwight, Il. Portland, Me. Buffalo, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa.
San Francisco, Cal. Marion, Ind. Grand Rapids, Mich., Ww hite Plaing, N. Y. 4246 Fifth Ave.
2980 Sacramento St. pjainfield, Ind. 265 8. College Ay. HOU OG, N. ©. Epo ler, R. {.
Romer Col. Des Moines, Ia. Omaha, Neb., are ne ip * i aukesha, Wis.
est Maven, Conn. hard, K Cor. ‘& 2th Bt elphia, Pa. oronto, Ont., Canada.
Washington. D. ©. Orab Orchard, Ky. or. Cass Be 812 N. Broad St. Winnipeg. Manitoba,

North Conway. N. H.

‘*‘Water Insurance”

One of Life’s Blessings

once he has experienced their comforts, and
how wonderfully they save time and labor.
Instead of the drudgery of carrying a bucket
of water, you turn a faucet, instead of carry-
ing many pailfuls to water your plants, you
turn on the hose. Our water insurance policy
is one of the real blessings of life. It costs
only a little, so little for what it gives that you
will be surprised when we tell you.

Write to our nearest office for descriptive
Catalogue “‘U,”’ sent free on application.

Take out your policy now.

Rider-Ericsson

Engine Co.
35 Warren Street, - - = - New York
239 Franklin Street, : eof oe ee Ge Boston
40 Dearborn Street, - - - - - = Chicago
40 North 7th Street, - - - - - Philadelphia
234 Craig Street, West, - - - Montreal, P. Q.
22 Pitt Street, - - = = - Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96, - - - Eh is - Havana, Cuba

‘TOWNSEND |

TOWNSEND GAVE TO THE WORLD
The Ball-Bearing Lawn Mower

His mowers are more imitated than
any others.

We make more high-grade mowers
than any other firm and they are all
ball-bearing.

We make the best Lawn Mower in
the world.

We make the best Horse Lawn
Mower in the world.

We make the best Roller Mower in
the world.

We repair and sharpen all kinds of
Mowers.

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. Orange, N. 3. |

Drug Using

A scientific remedy which has been

Harriaburg, Pa. London. England.

In the Melon and Cucumber
Patch

Pee worst thing about growing melons
and cucumbers is that very often
just when the crop appears to be growing
at its best it suddenly succumbs to the attack
ofa subtle disease. ‘These troubles are more
apparent on hot soils and locations than
on cool ones. This collapse of the cu-
curbits may be due to one of four distinct
diseases:

Yellow leaves in the centre of the plant,
then angular spots on the leaves, faint at
first but later well defined are the marks
of the downy mildew, which is the mcst
destructive disease of the cucumber; but
it is not confined to that alone. If the
weather be moist or humid, upon inspecting ~
the under sides of the leaves, these spots
will be found covered with a faint coating
of violet colored spores. The disease works
outward, the young leaves on the tips of
the branches being the last to die. The
downy mildew does not appear in New York
until August, and in particularly dry seasons
may not cause any injury, but it is a wise
precaution to spray with Bordeaux mix-
ture as a preventive.

If your plants are affected with small,
round spots, in which there are ‘(usually)
faint concentric rings, the leaf blight, the
chief cause of most of the failures among
melons, is present. The spots rapidly
grow larger. The cantaloup, on account
of its very thin and delicate leaves, suc-
cumbs in a few days, the leaves first curl-
ing and then shriveling. Spraying is bene-
ficial to a certain degree.

Large, circular, dead spots, one-fourth

r
|
}
i

EAE a aa tis:

Downy mildew, most destructive to cucumbers

JUNE, 1908

: Write to the Readers’ Service fo F
G A R D E N M A G A UL, I N E suggestions oat peta « 293

TON RNG ea on IR: aa en a

Here’s Paint
Assurance

OU paint primarily for Arotection—For beauty
of appearance, too.

But you’re paying for protection you don’t
get if your paint doesn’t wear at least four to six
years; or more.

Now, suppose you use “White-Lead-and-Oil—
hand-mixed-by-guess”—what assurance have you
that your paint will wear?

The pfaznter answers only for the work—

_ The lead-and-oil dealer sells only the raw mater-
zals—he has nothing to do with the qualzty—the pro-
dortions—the mixing —

The White Lead manufacturer stands responsi-
ble for nothing but the Zead—IE it’s straight, z¢’s guar-
anteed Aure—that’s all.

The O72 manufacturer stands tesponsible for
nothing—his oil is sold in bulk—it may be adulter-
aied after it leaves his hands.

They shzft the responsibility—Vobody stands back
of that kind of paimt—Nobody vouches for a single
one of the Materials after it’s mixed into padnt.

But take the best vepared paint—

It’s a complete faint—all-ready-for-the-brush. The
Lowe Brothers zame, their thirty-five years of ex-
derience, their reputation, their vesponszbzlity—their
scientific knowledge—all are back of “High Stana-
ard” Paint—for “‘your protection.”

Lowe Brothers vouch for the vaw materzals, the
formule, the proportions—the grinding and mixing—

They stand responsible for the paint ztself—ready-
ito:272)7

Its “covering” capacity—its “spreading ’’ and
“working” qualities—its permanence, its wearing
qualities.

If you use a hand-mixed white-lead-and-oil paint
—the most you can know is that you bought the
raw materials for “‘pure.”

But when you use Lowe Brothers “High Stand-
ard” Paint, you know that the paznt ztself is right—

And, most 7mportant, it will give a good surface
for repainting, if properly put on a surface in good
condition for painting. That means economy.

There’s a “High Standard” Paint for every pur-
pose—and a “Little Blue Flag” Varnish for all
requirements.

On every can you’ll find the “Little Blue Flag’’—
yourprotection.”’ Writefor Booklet,‘ Attractive Homes
and How to Make Them.”

THE LOWE BROTHERS '
COMPANY

Paintmakers — Varnishmakers
450-456 E. Third Street,
DAYTON, OHIO \
New York Chicago >
Kansas City '

“The Little Blue Flag”
—Your Protection

Cool—Light—
Airy Rooms

Your home will be more comfortable,
more sanitary, more pleasing and more
artistic when the walls are decorated
with Alabastine.

You practically seal up the walls of the
room when you decorate with wall-paper
(put on with paste) or with kalsomine
(which is stuck to the walls with animal
glue). Both paste and glue decay and
afford breeding places for disease germs
and insects. Alabastine does neither.

The Sanitary Wall Coating

is made from a pure, antiseptic rock and when
applied to the wall, hardens and becomes a part
of it, the same as plaster. Plaster is porous. So
is Alabastine. Air permeates freely through the Alabas-
tined wall, while it cannot penetrate the wall covered
with paste or glue.

The dainty Alabastine tints harmonize perfectly with |
pictures, woodwork and furnishings, and the immense 4
variety of color combinations enable you to show your indi-
vidual taste in the decoration of your home. The sanitary
character of Alabastine makes it the ideal wall decoration for
rooms used for public gatherings. The soft tints make it

especially suitable for church auditoriums and school rooms.

Alabastine is sold in carefully sealed and properly

labeled packages at 50e for white and 55c for tints,

at all Paint, Drug, Hardware and General Stores.

See that the name ‘‘Alabastine’’ is on each package

before it is opened, either by yourself or workmen.
Send 10c in coin or U.S. stamps for the book “‘Dainty Wall Decorations,”
which contains complete plans in color for decorating homes, churches and

school houses in dainty Alabastine tints. This book is worth far more to
anyone who intends to decorate.

The Alabastine Co., 924 Grandville Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Eastern Office, Dept. Y, 105 Water Street, New York City.

PSG
: \ RS
“7 Ws Vi:
LS Pp SS

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

It takes over twenty years

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an
immediate effect. Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES % efi3snitt,.

WI. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

| Dreer’s
| Water Lilies |
} Hardy and Tender )

For a continuous display of flowers no hardy or
tender plant excels WATER LILIES and Aquatics.
With few exceptions all varieties can be grown in
(@) open air without artificial heat. U
: At the St. Louis Exposition we were awarded the 7
i Grand Prize for our display of Water Lilies and 7
1 Aquatics, which was acknowledged by the Judges who i :

made the award, as well as by all visitors;to be the 7
finest feature in the Horticulture Department.

The services of our expert in devising plans for

ponds and proper selection of varieties, etc., are
offered free of charge to all our patrons.

ONO

Send for free leaflet on the “CARE AND CULTURE
OF WATER LILiEs AND Aquatics.’ Iystructions also
tor growing them from seed.

/ Our Mid-Summer Catalogue contains an up-to-date
| list of the best strawberry, celery, and other plants
for setting. out this summer. Also a most complete
list of seeds of hardy plants which should be sown in
summer, including Canterbury Bells, Hollyhocks,
Larkspurs, Columbines, Foxgloves, etc.

To all customers this list is mailed without ap-
plication. Sent free to those who apply for it.

HENRY A. DREER, friscdetpnia, ba:

LE EE eee
— . = —

s
SSE

ESET RRE

viadliasileis

A Mess

of Mushrooms Gawiane roe Cellar

40 cts, in postage stamps together with the naine of your
¢ dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

eee” Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Oulture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., St. Paul, Minn.

A Hammock That's Right

The only hammock made that combines Quality, Dura-

bility and Beauty with comfort. Can be used indoors or
out. For further particulars write

QUEEN HAMMOCK CO.
188 Lake St., MUSKEGON, MICH.
Formerly Kalamazoo, Mich.

to one-half an inch in diameter, on the
leaves indicate anthracnose. Long, nar-
row, dark-colored shrunken areas will also
be noticed on the stems. Watermelon
fruits are sometimes covered with spots
caused by this disease. Although common,
it is not nearly so harmful as are the downy
mildew and leaf blight.

If your cucumber, melon, or squash vines
suddenly wilt and die without any apparent
cause, and with few or no spots on the
leaves, they are infected with the “wilt”
which is caused by bacteria that get into the
plant and clog the sap-carrying passages
of the stems. The wilt is spread by leaf-
eating insects and also, perhaps, by soil in-
fection. “Spray with Bordeaux mixture to
which paris-green, at the rate of one pound

Anthracnose looks much more serious than it is

to fifty gallons, has been added. ‘The
Bordeaux helps to check the disease, and
if the plants have been well sprayed, the
insects will not be likely to attack them. If
they do, the poison will kill them. There
is also a fungus which produces wilt, but
very little is known about this at present
and no cure for it has been found. Rotating
the crops is the only thing that can be
advised.

Spores of all these diseases, with the ex-
ception of the downy mildew, are known
to persist over winter in the dead vines and
possibly in the soil. It is, therefore, im-
portant that the vines should be pulled
up and burned as soon as they are found
to be diseased. Rotation of crops will also
help. Spraying, either as a preventive or
as a check to the advance of the disease, is
good. ‘The best formula for Bordeaux mix-
ture to use on young melon or cucumber
plants is copper sulphate (bluestone),
three pounds; fresh stone lime, six pounds;
water to make fifty gallons.

When the plants become older and well-
established, the strength of the Bordeaux
mixture may be increased, using four pounds
each of copper sulphate and lime to fifty
gallons of water. Commence spraying as
soon as the vines begin to run and subsequent
sprayings should be made every ten days
or two weeks. Keep the new growths
covered with the Bordeaux.

New York. HAROLD CLARK.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JUNE, 1908

‘¢The Month

of Roses ’”’ ;
calls for special complexion
_ safeguards, to insure a summer of
perfect skin condition and comfort.

Mennen’s erated Toilet Powder
used after bathing, keeps theskinsmoothand healthy,
preyents Prickly Heat, Chafing and Sunburn, insur-
ing the much coveted “browning”’ without burning.
After shaving it is delightful,

For your protection the genuine is put up in non-refillable boxes
—the “ Box that Lox,” with Mennen’s face on top. Guaranteed
under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542.
Sold everywhere, or by mail, 25 cents. Sample free.

Gerhard Mennen Co., Newark, N. J.
Try Mennen’s Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powdez—it has the
scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets. Sample free.
Mennen’s Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental odor

Mennen’s Borated Skin Soap (blue wrapper)
Specially prepared for the nursery

No samples

Sold by the growers direct to the planter

We are the only dealers in the United
States owning and working nurseries in the
Sassenheim district of Holland. .

Orders taken during June will be filled
direct from our nurseries, and healthy, first-
class, true-to-name bulbs guaranteed.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

FRANKEN BROS.

DEERFIELD ILLINOIS
PRUNING AND PRUNING ADVICE

James Wesson Phelps, arcurecr

ARCHITECT

El Yi 9 E Ti In All
Biaaches of Lanuecae work, DOLLON COMI

Victo

THE “PILOT” GASLIGHT MAKER

For Country Homes, Hotels, Stores, Makes brilliant WAzte, Hye-
saving Gaslight, which costs a ¢hzrd /ess than Kerosene Light. Tell
us how #zamy rooms or size of your Store to Light and we will
quote you interesting price. Address __

“The Pilot Generator,’’ 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago.

PAGE FENCE LASTS LONGEST

Page Fence is woven from heavy galvanized high-carbon spring
wire; it’s made for rough weather and rough treatment. Lasts
a lifetime. Write for catalog.

Pace Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 8521,

ILMS DEVELOP]
10 CENTS PER ROLL
ALL SIZES

Adrian, Mich.

VELOX PRINTS, BROWNIES, 3c;
3%x3%, 34x44 4c; 4x5, 3a 5c.
Send us two negatives and we will print them wzthout
charge as 2 sample of our work; we are film specialists
and give you better results than you have ever had.

The Readers’ Service will giv
JUNE , 1908 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N 13 amnion Aine pan boaiae 295

Our Challenge

There can be but one “Best,”

9° . 99
SHongseshm a Viosts Inractical.s cisseimesn tecaGueed
Oo oh) uM ” u” a -
FARM INTELLIGENTLY “longest Lasting,” or “Most 8: 1” and 12” Diam. 6” High
Every reader ot THE Garpen Macazine who is

aaa te Digs os
interested in farming or gardening, in the growing of Durable 9 and we defy any
fruit or of flowers, is invited to send for a free copy of

ae pe uaeocatalo-e and full ames e eee to rs ee Flower Sa pee 2 other maker or dealer to prove that WHEELOCK
the Home Study Coursesin Agriculture, Horticulture, 13° and 9g) ide I 22 2 :
Landscape Gardening and Ploniculture which we offer alone has not the SOLE right to these terms.

der Prof. Brooks of the M h Agricul 1
pee ed CCaortieceneliUsiiaas || We are the only makers of a guaranteed RUST PROOF Fence, all others,
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL : : : :
DE omar elas Mace save some poultry netting, are made of common wiped galvanized wire (with

three-fourth of the zinc spelter wiped off). We are the originators of Flower

Bed Guards, Trellis, Arches, Garbage Can Protectors and all RUST PROOF

Buy From A Specialist goods in this line.
Handsome booklet Dept. F.

7 SPECIMEN TREES cs We guarantee our naods to be vastly su- For Sale by up-to-date
Choice Evergreens Giiicne Planting Tee ee Sa Remade perior to all copies and imitations. “SQUARE” Dealers.

yrs veaweeaiuene Wheelock Rust Prof WRIGHT WIRE CO., WORCESTER, MASS.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

Late Planting

of hardy perennials, shrubs, trees, vines, etc., can
be done with good results by sending into North-
em Vermont for Horsford’s Hardy Plants for

If You Understand Modern Methods and

Books by ELLEN GLASGOW

The Ancient Law - - - - $1.50
The Wheel of Life $1.50
The Deliverance’ - - $1.50
The Battle-ground’~ - $1.50
The Voice of the People - - $1.50

Uniform set of AsCiss Glasgow’s Novels
—five volumes— $7.50

INGEE ROSES are Best Plants sent to any point in The Freeman and Other Poems, $1.55 ppd.

Safe arrival guaranteed.

cold climates—best in quality, lowest in price.

Plants from the NORTH may be set long after

the Southern nurseries have finished shipping.
Ask for catalogue.

F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte, Vt.

CYCLONE

Flower and vegetable seeds a specialty. NEW GUIDE ear [BX oe Gk Ornamental Fences, Gates, Arches, Vines, Trellis,
pe eee eae || ema @) > @) cues egg cane pee oanels
SeaicaL | [DEE Eos > SS CCRT TGTCERE N Y seen the Cyclone Catalog. rite for it today.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove, Pa. DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio

FAIRFAX ROSES
CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free | WHAT TO PLANT FROM JUNE UNTIL SEPTEMBER

W.R, GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA. Soa Wane “ai: OF

rien EER EIZERS RAWSON’S MID-SUMMER GARDENING

Genuine Bavarian Horse-Radish

Shipped by export house. |

George Roesch Baiersdorf (Bavaria)

Tells how to get results from flowers and vegetables.

W. W. RAWSON CO. 5 Union St., BOSTON, MASS.

Thorburn’s Lawn Grass Seeds

Containing a mixture of the finest Grasses: Quart 25C, 2 quarts 45¢
quarts 80c. Sent prepaid by mail to any address in the United
tates. Write for Catalogue.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., 33 Barclay St., New York

IRISH ROSES

are best according to leading Rosarians. The stock grown by
Dickson & Sons, of Ireland, has a world-wide reputation. We
have imported from them this season as fine a lot of Roses as ever
came to America. We offer 200 varieties—the cream of all.

Our superb catalog gives sizes and prices--send for free copy.
ther special ties—-Fruit and Ornamental Trees,
Flowering Shrubs and Hardy Flowers.
Rosedale Nurseries, Tarrytown, New York

Landscape Dept., 68 Hamilton Place

"WHICH /S A TREASURE

SHIPPED DIRECT FROM FACTORY TO HOME.
MADE OF FRAGRANT, MOTH-PROOF RED CEDAR.

Bound with heavy copper bands and studded with copper nails.
Beautiful dull natural finish.

4 Our Cedar Chest constitutes the ideal home storage, WITHOUT COST, because it pays for itself in what itsaves. The safest,
most economical method of storing furs, woolens and fine fabrics, as it positively protects them from moths, dustand dampness.
They last for generations, save cold-storage and furrier’s bills forever. The highly scented cedar we use imparts a delicious
fragrance-in strong contrast to the offensive fumes of moth balls and camphor

r . "7
ING OR BIRTHDAY. SENT DIRECT ON TRIAL, FREIGHT PREPAID BOTH
THE Eee EAD MONEY REFUNDED IF DISAPPOINTED. Write for booklet and low factory prices today.
PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., STATESVILLE, N. C., Dept. 55

We also make many other styles and sizes of genuine Red Cedar Chests. Ask for beautiful new catalogue.

are SE et

296

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

THE GARDEN

Complaints About
Poor Paint

The time to complain to
your painter about the paint
he uses is before he puts zt on
the house.

The man who pays the bill should
not shirk the responsibility of choos-
ing the paint. ‘True, the painter
ought to know paint better than the
banker, the professional man or the
merchant, and if he is a genuine,
trained painter, he does know. The
trouble is, the houseowner often de-
liberately bars the competent, honest
painter from the job by accepting a
bid which he ought to know would
make an honest job impossible.

Inform yourself on paint, secure
your bids on the basis of Pure White
Lead and Pure Linseed Oil, and
then (quite important) see shat _you
get them.

The purity of White Lead can be defi-
nitely determined even by the novice, in
two minutes. A blowpipe is needed, but
we will supply that instrument free to
anyone interested in painting, together
with instructions for its use; also a sim-
ple and direct treatise on the
general subject of painting,
written especially for
laymen.

Ask for “Test Equipment V”
NATIONAL LEAD CO.

in whichever of the follow-

ing cities 1s mearest you:
New York, Boston, Buffalo,
Chicago, ‘Cincinnati, Cleveland,
St. Louis, Philadelphia (John T.
Lewis & Bros. Company);
Pittsburgh (National
Lead & Oil
Company)

Genasco

Ready Roofing
Made of Trinidad Lake Asphalt—

the greatest weather resister known.

Ask any live dealer for Genasco. Write for Book 60
and samples.

THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world
PHILADELPHIA

fan Francisco

New York Chicago

\

Ornamental Fruits of June
The first of a series on ‘‘Ornamental Fruits
for Every Month” by the author of most
of the articles on trees and shrubs in the
“Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.”
HE first attractive fruits of the season
ripen about middle June. Among them
are three delightful bush honeysuckles.
The blue-fruited honeysuckle (Lonicera
cerulea), has pretty dark blue berries cov-
ered with a bluish white bloom. It is a
neat, compact little shrub, the native form
scarcely exceeding three feet, while the
European form, which is the more common
in cultivation, grows about twice as high
and iseven more compact. It is especially
noticeable because it is one of the first
shrubs to burst into leaf in spring. It
thrives even in rather densely shaded places.
A very handsome honeysuckle which fruits
about the same time is the slender-stalked
bush honeysuckle (Lonicera gracilipes), a
Japanese species with cherry-like scarlet
fruits hanging on slender stalks from the
under side of the branches. It forms a
dense shrub about six feet high, but un-
fortunately the pink flowers appear so early
that they are often injured by frost and
then, of course, no fruits are produced.
Another pretty early honeysuckle is the
Siberian Lonicera hispida with oblong,
orange-red fruits in pairs surrounded by
two large yellowish white bracts and borne
on nodding stalks. The white trumpet-
shaped flowers are also conspicuous. It
is a perfectly hardy shrub with spreading
stiff branches, but is rare in cultivation.
A very charming little shrub is the spurge
laurel (Daphne Mezereum), with sweet-
scented pale rosy flowers in early spring,
followed toward the end of June by bright
scarlet berries clustered along the branches
beneath a terminal tuft of leaves. They
last usually through July. This shrub
rarely grows higher than three or four feet
and delights in a shady place and humid
soil. It is a native of Europe but has be-
come naturalized in some places in the
Eastern States. A very pleasing contrast
can be made by planting with it the white-
flowered form which bears yellow fruits.
The smoke tree (Rhus Cotimus), presents a
unique appearance with its great masses of
large feathery panicles resembling a cloud
of purplish smoke resting upon the shrub.
The “smoke” looks its best from the end
of June to the end of July when the tiny
fruits begin to drop, but the feathery fruit-
stalks stay on the bush until the end of
September. The smoke tree is usually a large
spreading shrub from six to twelve feet high,
but sometimes becomes a tree of about twenty
feet. In autumn the foliage assumes beauti-
ful colors, ranging from orange to scarlet.
It is a native of Southeastern Europe and is
likely to suffer in exposed positions in cold
winters. A sunny position and well-drained
soil suit it best. The American smoke tree
(Khus cotinoides) is less showy in fruit, but
as beautiful or perhaps even more so in its
autumnal coloring.
By the end of June the different species
of the shadbush or Juneberry (Amelanchier)
begin to ripen their berry-like fruits which

MAGAZINE

ivi HOOVER

JUNE. 1908

e e e
Burlington Venetian Blind
lets in the air, but keeps out the sun—
admits the breeze to cool, but fills the
house with the grateful, subdued light |
ofthe shady woods. Adjustable toadmit
light from any por-
tion of shade. Will
make a popular
and delightful
summer resort of
: your veranda—
| shady, breezy, cool
and secluded.

Made to Order Only

] Any size, any wood, or
any finish, and at Jow-
SS est prices for best mate-
rial and workmanship.
Send tor Free Catalog

BURLINGTON
VENETIAN BLIND COMPANY
327 Lake St. Burlington, Vt.

POTATO
DIGGER

Siu

Light running, well built,
low in price—the most
satisfactory machine

to use.

- —= Made in two sizes. Send for cat-
alogue and ask about trial offer,

THE HOOVER MFG. CO., Box 36, Avery, Ohio.

fe Contes, ee,

PARISIAN
DRY SHAMPOO

A thorough shampoo without
the use of water. Used before
f curling the hair insures stay-
ing quality of the wave. Will
not harm or change color of
hair. Daintily perfumed with
wood violet. By mail only,
50c. a box, postpaid.

HAIR FLUFF COMPANY
648 Sixth Avenue, New York City

3 =
Qe € B
Qlate fet Compary
130 Galion firtet :

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.,
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill.

Nitrate of Soda

THE NITRATE AGENCIES
COMPANY

64 Stone Street, New York, N. Y.
36 Bay Street, Savannah, Ga.
305 Baronne Street, New Orleans, La,

Holcombe & Co. 50 Clay Street,
San Francisco, Cal.

Address Office Nearest You

GARDEN

The Readers’ Service witl give you
tnjormaltion about motor boats

MAGAZINE

297

MICA |
¢
Axle Grease |
Helps the horses.
\ Saves the wagon. |
Pays the Se Ss dca aoe sre nical oom
t ter.
ae A SNUG, ATTRACTIVE, LITTLE
GREENHOUSE |
Here is one just about the right size for Garden readers who want a
sunshiny, practical house. One that will produce the greatest num-
ber of flowers with least trouble and expense.
With the U-Bar construction we use a very light frame, curved {

eaves and wide glass spacing. This makes the house twice as light :
as any other—and the more light, the more and better the blooms. }

Some of the other advantages are simplicity, great strength, durabil-
ity and unmatched attractiveness—low cost of maintenance.
Send for catalog.

Mica
Axle Grease .
has along
wearing quality,
which makes it the
most economical of all
lubricants. Especially
adapted to heavy wagons
and hard teaming. Ask your
dealer for Mica Axle Grease.

STANDARD OIL COMPANY
(Incorporated)

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

U-BAR CO.
1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK.

BEDDING PLANTS

All kinds—all sizes—all prices.
Write for Catalogue.

THE ANDERSON FLORAL CO.
533 Marshall Ave. ANDERSON, S. C.

WHAT Blent LO Gordons Be the 2 7
ams e od. ays.
PET ER Get his Little Green Book. _ It explains. $8 O | d H icko r
SAYS Write today;it’s free. 3 sample G.U. pkts 1oc.
u : es

Wellesley, Mass.

YOU CAN KEEP DRY AND
Oe COMFORTABLE

pip i uN F, IN THE
| HARDEST STORM

by wearing

</ | WATERPROOF
| ~~ OILED
CLOTHING

BLACK OR YELLOW

Every Garment
Guaranteed
LIGHT - CLEAN - DURABLE
LOW IN PRICE

WRITE TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET
DESCRIBING MANY KINDS OF
WATERPROOF GARMENTS

A.J. TOWER CO, BOSTON. USA
TOWER CANADIAN CO. LIMITED. TORONTO. CAN

Andrew Jackson Chair

For comfort, serviceability, style and durability this chair is
Just the thing for Porch, Lawn and Outdoor use,
Made entirely of genuine
white hickory with beautiful natural bark finish.
duplicate of the Old Andrew Jackson Chair.
wide, 15 inches deep; height over all, 36 inches.
Freight prepaid east of Mississippi River.
120 other styles of “Old Hickory” Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc.,

perfection.
as the weather does not affect it.

Two for $5.00.

from $1.50 to $25.00.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
ORCHIDS in the United States

IL AN GN VS We VECO VR IR IE IL IL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

$2.15

An exact
Seat 17 inches
Price, $2.75.

Old Hickory Furniture Pleases Everyone

“JT now have thirty pieces of your Old Hickory in my home, ‘The Nutshell,’ and should not feel my home complete

without it.”,—IDA A. EATON, Hinsdale, New Hampshire.
“The furniture purchased from you arrived safely several days since.

with it.”—L. E. McLAIN, Canon City, Colo.

It is simply grand, and we are more than pleased

“‘T have six of your chairs in use on my veranda, and find them not only comfortable but durable, as I have had them
in use for five seasons and good for as many more.’”—P. F. MYERS, Jeffersonville, lund.

Be sure to get the “Old Hickory” Furniture.
Write for new FREE 48-page Illustrated Cata-

remit to us and we will ship promptly.
logue and Special Introductory Offer.

If your dealer will not supply you,

-THE OLD HICKORY CHAIR CO.

126 Cherry Street = = 5

“ The Original Old Hickory Furniture Manufacturers.”
sd

= Martinsville, Ind.

| the whole milk.

Tubular

In February a certain man |
wished to try an experiment with |
a Tubular separator. He wanted |
to know by actual test exactly ~
what the Tubular would do.

He had no cows so he arranged
with a dairyman neighbor to make
the experiment with the milk from the
dairy of the latter. The arrangement \
was for the experimenter to skim the \
milk at the neighbor’s dairy, and the \
cream to go to the creamery instead of \

The dairy owner feared a loss of
cream in this way, and so bargained that
the experimenter was to pay the difference
between what would have been obtained for
the whole milk and the money actually re-
ceived for the cream.

At the end of the month Mr. Dairyman
was surprised to find that the cream had re-
turned him $30 more money than the factory
would have allowed him for the whole milk.

Sequel—Next day the dairyman and two
neighbor dairymen each bought a Tubular

| separator, and then hired a man out of employ-

If you are planning to build the Readers’
Service can often give helpful suggestions

Gained
$30 More

in a Month, for Cream
Alone, than Whole Milk
Hauling and
Time Losses Also

Saved.

ment to kick them because for years they had
been throwing away $30 per month in ignor-
ance of what a Tubular would do for them,
though the opportunity to try a Tubular in
their own dairies was always open to them.

If youhaven’t a Tubular youcan gain prof-
itable knowledge by a test similar to above; and
money profits twice aday after you put the Tu-
bularin your dairy. Writefor Catalog No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR COMPANY,
West Chester, Penna.

Toronto, Ont.

and are in constant communication with reliable agents everywhere.

San Francisco, Calif.

Chicago, II].

If You Want a Country
Home or Country
Property

you are invited to apply to the Real Estate
Department of GARDEN MacGaAziInE-FARM-
ING. Wehavea thoroughly organized bureau,
having a great many properties for sale and
for rent in all parts of the United States,
We will

endeavor to supply you with information about country property to approxi-
mate your conditions in the section in which you are interested. This service
is free to all readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-F ARMING.

In order to get an idea of your requirements

it will be necessary to

have information on the points mentioned below.
Location, improved property or land, size, approximate price, and

whether you wish to buy or rent.

Address, Real Estate Department, Gar-

DEN MAGAZINE-FARMING,133 East 16th Street, New York.

After the Garden’s Started

Success is mostly a matter of cultivation.
sate for drouth. Another kind of cultivation will hold the weeds in check between

showers.

implements

permit many different combinations for
different purposes and different crops.
Built light enough for the woman who gar-
dens for pleasure—strong enough for the
man whogardensfor profit. Our New Iron
Age Book describes all. It’s free. Write for it.

BATEMAN MFG. C0. Box C, Grenloch, N. J.

IRON AGE

One kind of cultivation will compen-

No. 1.
Tron Age
Double and Single
Wheel Hoe,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JUNE, 1908

change from scarlet to dark purple or bluish
purple, but the birds are so fond of them
that they often carry them off before they are
fully ripe and there is little opportunity to
enjoy their beauty.

The same is the case with some of the
cherries, especially the bird, or red cherry
(Prunus Virginiana), a medium-sized native
tree or shrub which looks very pretty with its
shining red fruits among the glossy leaves.

Very distinct in appearance is the Japanese
Prunus tomentosa with small bright red
fruits which look very attractive against the
dull green foliage. It is quite hardy and

forms a dense, round headed-shrub six

feet high or more, sometimes growing into
a small tree.

Massachusetts. ALFRED REHDER.

[The next article will be particularly
interesting because it describes the diff-
erent bush honeysuckles whose fruits glorify
the shrubbery border in July, when the
border has scarcely any floral attractions. ]

When Sweet Peas Fail

ape sweet peas I planted last year were
not a success, so on July 18th I
planted along the same fence seeds of gourds.
The vines rapidly climbed over the fence
and within a short time completely screened
it. I grew an assortment and had gourds
of all shapes. The vines must have a
support of some kind—either a trellis or ar-
bor—and excellent results have been obtained
from allowing the vine to clamber over an
old tree.

Plant in the open sunshine and if the

A suggestion for covering the trellis when the
sweet peas are past. The gourds grow rapidly and
have large fruits

object is to cover a fence choose the varieties
with small fruits. The blossom is pretty,
being yellow and white, and the leaves are
of good size.

In an article by Mr. Willcox in the May,
1906, number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
Hercules’ club is recommended as being
the most pleasing variety to grow on account
of its pure white blossoms. The clubs are
often from two to five feet long.

Massachusetts. HitpA CUNNINGHAM.

ee

men 8.

—

7. Rae sy

Tepe

Sages

a ee

JUNE, 1908

“The force of Balzac, it has been said,

’ lay in representing the innumerable actual

facts of the French civilization of his day.
It is the same sort of service that Miss

Glasgow has rendered to a smaller civili-
zation.’’—Lhe lVorth American Review.

Miss Glasgow’s best novel:

Ghe
Ancient Law

All bookstores. $1.50

FOUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD's WORK THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Cattle Manure

o Shredded or
im Bags Pulverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write
— | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.

A 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

OED ENGLISH
GARDEN SEATS

SEND FOR CATALOGUE OF 70 DESIGNS

North Shore Ferneries
BEVERLY, MASS.

FOR
CLOSING
EXERCISES

“Prose Every Child Should Know,”
edited by Miss Mary E. Burt, contains

enough selections to make an entire pro-
gram for children 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 12,
13, 14, 15, 16 years old. There are 230
selections, and each selection is a gem of
eloquence. Uniform with “Poems Every

Child Should Know.”’
$1.00 Postpaid

USE THIS COUPON

G.M., 6, 08
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,
133 East 16th St., New York.
Enclosed......------ for which please send
seceeceeces Prose Every Child Should Know

Wied ivi ace)a)=/d/6! -Poems Every Child Should Know

Each decorated and handsomely bound, $1.00 postpaid.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

$200.00

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

In Six Months from 20 Hens

To the average poultryman that would seem impossible, and when we tell you
that we have actually done a $500.00 poultry business with zo hens on a corner in
the city garden 30 feet wide by 4o feet long, we are ‘simply stating facts.

It would not be possible to get such returns by any of the systems of poultry
keeping recommended and practised by the American people, still it is an easy mat-
ter when the new Philo System is adopted.

THE PHILO SYSTEM IS UNLIKE ALL
OTHER WAYS OF KEEPING POULTRY

and in many respects is just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work that
have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of results that are hard
However, the facts remain the same, we can prove to you
every word of the above statement.

Two Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks

are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the broiler without any loss, and the broil-
ers are of the best quality, bringing here three cents per pound above the highest market

to believe without seeing.

price.

The New System Covers All
Branches of the Work Nec-

essary for Success

from selecting the breeders to market-
ing the product. It tells how to get
eggs that will hatch, how to hatch
nearly every egg and how to raise
nearly all the chicks hatched. It gives
complete plans in detail how to make
everything necessary to run the busi-
ness and at less than half the cost re-
quired to handle the poultry business
in any other manner. There is nothing
complicated about the work, and any
man or woman that can handle a saw
and a hammer can do the work.

Our Six Months Old Pullets
Are Laying at the Rate of
24 Eggs Each Per Month

in a space of two square feet for each
bird. No green cut bone of any de-
scription is fed, and the food used is
inexpensive as compared with food
others are using.

Our new book, the PHILO SYS-
TEM OF PROGRESSIVE POUL-
TRY KEEPING, gives full particu-
lars regarding these wonderful discov-
eries, with simple, easy to understand
directions that are right to the point,
and 15 pages of illustrations showing
all branches of the work from start to
finish.

Don't Let the Chickens Die
in the Shell

One of our secrets of success is to
save all the chickens that are fully de-
veloped at hatching time, whether they
can crack the shell or not. It is a sim-
ple trick, and believed to be the secret
ot the ancient Egyptians and Chinese,
which enable them to sell the chicks
at 10 cents a dozen.

Our New Brooder Saves 2
Cents on Each Chicken

No lamp required. No danger of
chilling, overheating or burning up the
chickens, as with brooders using lamps
or any kind of fire. They also keepall
lice off the chicks automatically, or
kill any that may be on when placed
in the brooder. Our book gives full
plans and the right to make and use
them. One can easily be made in an
hour, at a cost of 25 to 50 cents.

Chicken Feed at 15 Centsa Bushel

Our book tells how to make the best green food
with but little trouble and have a good supply any
day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as
impossible to get a large egg yield without green
food as to keep a cow without hay or fodder.

Three-pound White Orpington roasters, ro weeks
old, raised by the Philo System. Note the large,
well-developed feet and legs and the width of the
pullet showing the front view.

VALLEY FALLS, N.Y.,Sept.5, 1907

It was my privilege to spend a week
in Elmira during August, during which
time I saw the practical working of
the Philo System of Poultry Keeping,
and was surprised at the results ac-
complished in a small corner of a city
yard. ‘‘Seeing is believing,’’ they say,
and if I had not seen it would have
been hard to believe that such results
could have followed so small an outlay
of space, time and money.

(REV.) W. W. COX.

BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
Your system of poultry keeping
should appeal to all poultrymen. The
advantages of your system are many,
and the quality of the large flock of
poultry you have raised on your city lot
is the best evidence cf its success.
GEO. L. HARDING.

WINDSOR, Vt., March 8, 1908

I consider the one doliar I invested

in the Philo System, Poultry Review

and American Poultry Advocate the

best investment for the money I ever
made. ROBERT L. PATRICK.

JACOBS CREEK, Pa., Nov.25,1907

I received the Philo System Book
mailed to my home address, Beechtree,
Pa. Iam highly pleased with it, and
anxious to spread the good newsas far
as I can. I ama preacher of the Gos-
pel engaged by the Baptist Ass’n to
do Evangelistic work. I am very much
interested in the hen, and will do all
I can to help the other fellow to know
HOW, and to spread the good tidings
received in the Philo System.

(REV.) F. B. WILLIAMS.

SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER rangement

we are able to give for only $1.00 the book with the right

to use all plans.
One year’s subscription to Poultry
for utility breeders;

Review—a monthly paper

One year’s subscription to the American Poultry Advocate.
Upon receipt of $1.00 you will get the book by return mail and
your subscription will start at once.

This offer is to old subscribers as well as new, and gives them
a chance of extending their subscription for one year.
Copy of the Philo System book and a year’s subscription to

Poultry Review and the American Poultry Advocate, all

for $1.00.

American Poultry Advocate 4s" Syracuse, N.Y.

{
:
l
f
f

Tine Readers’ Suv ue r
| nein mde oa DLE. | GAR IDsING SVAN Gase7mlaNaD June, 1908

by INEXPENSIVE

‘THOROUGHLY PRACTICAL CReaooe

SPLENDIDLY made Sectional

Iron Frame Greenhouse, 25 feet

long and 10 feet wide, giving you
250 square feet of indoor garden spot.

It is specially designed for just such as
you, who want a well built, attractive
house in which to protect your plants,
grow a few vegetables, have some cut
flowers for the house all winter, and along
in February start numerous plants, ready
to set out with the ushering in of the first
warm weather in the spring.

Heretofore, such a house as you want,
either to connect it direct to the dwelling
(as in the illustration shown) or locating it
only a stone’s throw from it, perhaps cost
too much.

But here is a house that although made
with the same Sectional Iron Frame Con-
struction as our larger houses, comes with-
in the reach of those who fully appreciate
that the greenhouse is a delightful invest-

ment, and on such a basis are willing to
spend enough to secure the right house,
one that will be in every way practical, as
well as an omamental addition to the
grounds.

One of the special advantages of this
construction of ours, is that we can furnish
all the materials for the superstructure, cut,
fitted and given one coat of paint, all ready
for immediate erection. With the aid of
the plans and directions we will send you,
the house can be easily put up on your
grounds by a local mechanic.

“To explain this house fully to you, we
have printed an eight page folder that
gives prices, takes up the question of
benching and heating, and the numerous
other things you want to know.

There is no better time to build than
during the early summer months,—so send
el the circular and get matters under way

LORD AND BURNHAM Co.

Main Sales Office
1133 Broadway, New York

Boston

819 Tremont Bldg.

Philadelphia
1215 Filbert Street

A Greenhouse for Everybody

Whether you wish a small house for
your own personal pleasure or a larger
one meeting the many variant growing
requirements, we have just the house
to suit your wants.

Now is the time to build. Send
for our greenhouse booklet.

HITCHINGS & COMPANY
1170 Broadway New York

The Oldest Flowers in Cultivation —
Ill. The Mandrake

HE little American wild flower that

we call the mandrake is not at all _ |

the mandrake which stimulated so power-

fully the fancy of the Middle Ages. The

accompanying picture shows the mandrake —

of history as it was pictured in 1613 in the —
“Hortus Eystettensis.”

The old fables abound in fanciful pictures
of the mandrake, and one of them shows —
the flower something like a tulip. These
fanciful pictures usually showed the root
growing in the form of a man. The plant
really had a large, spindle-shaped root which
was supposed sometimes to become forked

The Mandrake of the Middle Ages (Wandragora
Officinarum), which can be still procured from nur-
serymen and is worth growing in an old-fashioned
garden

and further resemble the human form, and
in this condition it was used as an aphro-
disiac and consequently the plant was
called a “‘love apple.”

The plant here depicted was probably
Mandragora officinarum, and a preparation
of its root may still be had from drug stores.
The mandrake mentioned in the thirtieth
chapter of Genesis is perhaps M. autumnalis.
Both of these plants are natives of the Medi-
terranean region.

The mandrake here pictured may still
be obtained from specialists in hardy
perennials. It has rather large flowers,
which vary from whitish to purplish shades.

= ry The Readers’ Service i d
JUNE 5 1908 ap II E G A R D E N M A G A Vi, I N E apace Wascats Sea ae i it a 301

Improve Your Lawn the BEST Way

Weeds must be killed, but scientific treatment is better than digging them up by the roots.

By the latter method you hurt the roots of the grass, you make holes in your lawn, you

skip many of the weeds (witness the dandelion blooms as proof), and it is hard and
_unnecessary labor. We have prepared, tested and proven that

CLIMAX LAWN SAND
will KILL THE WEEDS absolutely without disfiguring the lawn and in addition
it acts AS A FERTILIZER to the grass, enriching the soil, promoting the
growth of a fine, thick, grassy sward. The most impoverished and weedy lawn
will show a remarkable improvement with only one application.
CLIMAX LAWN SAND will destroy Dandelions, Plantains, Chick weed,
Moss and any other weed having thick, hairy or rough surface.
Where you use Climax Lawn Sand, no other manure is required
CLIMAX LAWN'SANDWILL SAVE QUANTITY REQUIRED
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Purchasers paying transit.
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SEEDSMEN

Sole Distributors in United States 5 Union Street, Boston, Mass.

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lived plants, flowers and vines in the

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Kill them with THISTLEINE. Spray the walks, than in any other way. OSE OEE BEES On once in two weeks by filling the
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SPRAYING WILL KEEP THEM FREE of the soil never becomes hardened or baked, interfering with the proy vth

of the plants. The Illinois Self Watering Box is made of metal, nice

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Price $2.00. If your dealer doesn’t keep it send money direct to

LINDGREN CHEMICAL CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Used for four years by the City of Grand Rapids and officially endorsed

ee ee ——————————

ee

+e eee ce

302

What is olan roa) fore et EL BY GA RD) EyNiny MIG AeA

JUNE, 1908

with samples of their roofing.

The makers of Amatite Roofing
have gone into the matter more deeply.
Their Booklet entitled “‘Amatite’’ is
a very handsome and interesting piece
of printing.

It covers the whole roofing subject
thoroughly.

The Ready Roofing proposition is
explained at length, and the whole his-
tory of these roofings is given in detail,
showing the steady progress that has
been made. As this Company is the
oldest and largest concern in the field,
the history is accurate. “This Company
has been in the roofing business for
over half a century.

Many of the improvements in ready
roofing made from time to time have
been its inventions, and the latest im-
provement, and in many respects the

most important, is offered to the public in

Amatite Roofing.

This material, as explained in the Booklet,
has a surface of real mineral matter—Amatite—
to take the brunt of the weather. It does not

ip

OST of the roofing manufacturers supply
some simple sort of a circular or pamphlet

/ ROOFING

need painting. ‘The kind of roofs that need
painting are out of date.

The paint and labor of putting it on cost
more than an Amatite Roof. Amatite Roofing,
once laid, requires no attention whatever. Its
mineral surface does not require painting any
more than a stone wall does.

The Amatite Booklet also explains
the value.of the Pitch in Amatite Roof-
ing. Pitch is the greatest waterproof-
ing agent ever discovered.

Water does not affect it in any way.
An unbroken lining of pitch furnishes
complete and permanent protection,
which can only leak by being actually
punctured, and such a lining sheet 1s
just what Amatite provides.

It.is impossible to give the explana-
tion in detail here, but if you will send
for the Booklet, which is free, you will
find the arguments in full.

With the Booklet the manufacturers
send a free Sample of Amatite, in order
to show just what the mineral surface
is like.

A postal card addressed to the near-
est office of the Company will bring the
Booklet and the Sample to you by mail.
Every progressive farmer should have it.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO.,
New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis,
Cleveland, Allegheny, Cincinnati, Kansas City,
Minneapolis, New Orleans, Boston, London.

AMATITE ON ROOF OF EAST MACHIAS LUMBER CO., EAST MACHIAS, ME.

QOKLET,

They are bell-shaped and have about five
petals. The plant has coarse, enormous.
leaves something like those of tobacco and
bears its clusters of short-stalked flowers
down in the heart of the whorl of leaves.
In cultivation it is said to require partial
shade and good drainage.

New Jersey. Tuomas McApam.

[The next article will be even more inter-
esting, as it will throw an important light
upon the evolution of the Shirley poppies.]

Greens for Yarded Fowls

N MOST suburban districts, poultry
raisers have to keep their fowls yarded,
not only for the welfare of the birds them-
selves but also for the protection of the
gardens, flower beds, etc., in the neigh-
borhood. Unless the yards are large enough ©
for the grass to grow despite the hens, suc-
culent food must be supplied. Our chicks
always have one feed, and often two feeds, a
day of some of these greens.

In spring, as soon as the ground can
be worked, broadcast Dwarf Essex rape
and rake it in, having the soil rich and
finely pulverized. Rape grows quickly and
sprouts again after cutting, so that a plot
sown with this will furnish greens the entire
season. Ordinary frost has no effect on
it; it is relished by fowls and chicks, and is
one of the most beneficial vegetables for
them.

Where bare sow the yards to oats or bar-
ley early in the spring, although the better
plan is to sow them in the fall to wheat
or rye. The growing crop sweetens the
tainted and foul soil, and although the
grain will not last long after the birds are
in the yard, it is a big help to them. If two
yards are available the crop in one may
be allowed to grow while the birds are
running in the other.

Some of the earliest varieties of cabbage
set outas soon as the ground can be worked,
will soon be available and well relished
by the hens. Cabbages are also excellent
for succulent winter feed and may be planted
as late as June or July according to the
climate.

Lawn clippings, especially if fed while
wet with dew or rain, are excellent and
they are more relished if white clover is
growing in the lawn.

For later feeding, Pearl millet is excellent.
This must not be sown until the ground is
warm enough to start sweet corn and it
may then be sown broadcast or in drills.
On rich ground it grows seven to eight feet

iene THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 303

SP et BL QR 4 ae aes ste ss

PRES

SPE HN

ear : — meee ears retornnate

VOL.V— : Le. Wo! SOUR
FISHES NSEC D FLOW: TREES
JeRLAN SEVERMANS -HOLLANI NCHA | ROGERS

en oe * @ so a

DAY, PAGE 60 SCAN, PAGE SCO /SUADAY/PAGE ECO “coppapay, PAGE HCO —«“OTRLRDAY,PAGE RCD © -UUMLEDA, PADEACG © OUBLETAY, PAGE WOU

THE NEW NATURE LIBRARY
HAS JUST BEEN COMPLETED IN FIFTEEN LARGE VOLUMES

6000 pages, 430 plates in color, nearly 4000 half-tones, most of them from life, and 2590 other illustrations, in
all 7000 pictures of Animals, Birds, Fish, Butterflies, Moths, Insects, Wild Flowers, Trees, Reptiles, Shells, etc.

HE last volume, “‘Shells,’’ is ready for shipment, so that incomplete sets may now be filled. To
produce the “‘Nature Library”’ has taken ten years of careful and painstaking endeavor and this is
the most important book enterprise in which we have engaged. Many manuscripts submitted have
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THE ONLY SATISFACTORY AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY

‘While accurate and scientific, I have found them (the volumes) very readable.
The treatment is popular without being sensational. This library is free

John Burroughs, in the General Introduction, writes:

from the scientific dry rot on the one hand and from the florid and misleading romanticism of much recent nature writing on the other. It isa
safe guide to the world of animal and piant life that lies about us.”’

TITLES AUTHORS

Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 6. Butterflies Vol. 11. Trees W. J. Holland William E. Cram A. R. Dugmore

Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 7. Moths Vol. 12. Frogs L. O. Howard Julia E. Rogers Nina L. Marshall
Vol. 3. Bird Homes Vol. 8. Insects Vol. 13. Reptiles David Starr Jordan Witmer Stone Raymond L. Ditmars
Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 9. Wild Flowers Vol. 14. Mosses and Lichens Neltje Blanchan B. W. Evermann Mary C. Dickerson
Vol. 5. Fishes- Vol. 10. Mushrooms Vol. 15. Shells With a general introduction by John Burroughs

This is the time of the year that the ‘‘Nature Library’’ is the most useful and we want to tell you how you can add this great work to your
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DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,
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Please send me descriptive circulars and full

details of your new plan for the purchase of the
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i}
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The Readers’ Service will give you
304 information about molor boals

Send for this
ag, Ice

Sample

We want every man who
is tired of patching and re-
pairing an ordinary garden
hose to send at once for
‘this free inspection-sample
of

RBENLEBAF
LONG LIFE

'ARDEN HOSE -

We want you to see with your
own eyes—and test with your own
fingers—the actual construction,
strength and quality a hose has to
have to last many years without
Trepairs—

That’s our reason for sending
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Write for it. Compare it with any hose.
Test the toughness of its live rubber walls.
Cut it apart with your knife. Try to tear
just one of its four plys of tight, strong
fabric. This is the only way you can get
at the absolute facts about hose, and
understand for yourself why GREEN-
LEAF Hose never springs leaks from the
surging of water pressure, never peels,
rots or bursts like ordinary garden hose.

GREENLEAF Long Life Garden Hose is sold
in the best hardware stores at 20c per foot. If
your dealer can’t supply you, we will fill your
order direct, express prepaid, and guarantee
satisfaction.

Only our absolute knowledge that GREENLEAF
Hose is the best made permits us to send you the
free sample that you may prove it to yourself before
vou buy. Instructions for interesting tests with
sample. Write today and mention your hardware
dealer’s name. Address Dept. |

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER CO.

JEANNETTE, PA.

UST THINK how a bed of plants in
full bloom will brighten a sombre
spot in the garden.

Single and Double Geraniums
Coleus Cannas Salvia

Strong healthy plants, carefully
packed, safe arrival guaranteed

DAHLIAS
GLADIOLI
BEGONIAS

James Vick’s Sons
Seedsmen

362 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y.

high and stools out enormously. For chicks
it should be cut when not more than one or
two feet high and chopped into short lengths.
It grows again after cutting, and in a warm
season and on rich soil may be cut four
or five times in the season.

Sometimes a larger yard or field is avail-
able back of the poultry yards into which
the fowls from the different yards may
be allowed to run on alternate days. They
thus take turns in harvesting their own
greens and incidentally many insects.
This field may be a meadow or pasture, or it
might be planted to corn or potatoes or
some such crop which the birds will not
injure. A fruit orchard or berry field will
be excellent for this purpose, although of
course when the fruit is ripening it will be
necessary to exclude the fowls from the
berry field.

For succulent winter feed, mangel wur-
zels are the easiest to store and keep best.
There are several varieties but I have always
been successful on light soils with the Yellow
Globe or Golden Tankard. Sow the seed
in drills which are from fifteen to thirty
inches apart, as early in spring as the
ground can be worked.

Clover is always excellent for poultry,
and the second growth of medium red
clover, cut and dried without wetting, makes
a much relished winter food. It may be
cut short and steamed or scalded.

Crimson clover may be sown in corn
or among garden crops at the last working
of the soil. It will furnish greens for the
birds in spring and early summer, and at
any time when not covered with snow.
It is an annual, however, and the seed has
to be planted each year.

Alfalfa is even better for poultry than
clover, and if once established in the soil
will last for years. It may be cut several
times in a season and a small patch will
furnish a large amount. Alfalfa requires
a well-drained, clean soil.

With a small area of land any of the above
may be grown successfully, and if used
liberally not only will the feed bills be greatly
reduced but the health of the birds will
be assured.

New Jersey. F. H. VALENTINE.

Blight Disease of Melons

aE melon blight affects the foliage and
causes the vines to die off and destroys
the flavor of the fruit, as fine fruits can only be
had from a healthy growing vine. Frequent
spraying with Bordeaux mixture has been
tried but without any marked success, as it
could not be used after the fruits are well
grown without spoiling their appearance and
this blight usually comes about the time the
first fruits are ready to gather. It would
seem that the appearance of the trouble is
associated with certain situations. My obser-
vation,” says Mr. Darlington, “is that melons
grown in a cool location are quite free from
all the troubles, and I have known late plants
which ripened their fruits in September to be
entirely free from the insects and blights
which largely destroyed the crop from earlier
plantings in the same locality.”

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JUNE, 1908

Pearline

especially adapted
to washing
Ducks

Linens

Piques

Lawns
Madras
Batistes
Percales
Cheviots
Ginghams
Organdies

and all other
Wash Fabrics.

BLIZZARD Ensilage Cutter

with wind elevator,either mounted or unmounted.
Cuts hay, straw, feed, etc. Elevates to any
height. Strong, durable, economical. Fully
~ guaranteed. Send for new illustrated
catalogue FREE.

JOSEPH DICK
AGRICULTURAL WORKS
Box 97 Canton,0. |

$1.00 Mexican Palm Leaf Hat 5(c

A comfortable, durable hat for fishing, outings and
gardening. Guaranteed genuine Mexican h ind.
woven from palm fibre. Double weave, ligh
weight; colored design in brim. Retails at
$1.00. Postpaid for soc, to introduce our
Mexican and Panama hats, Same hat
plain 4oc, both 75c, All sizes.

Special Offer. For $1.00 we will send post-
paid 2 hats like cut, with 5 in. genuine hand \
woven Indian basket free. Art catalog Mexican and Panama hats free.
TILE FRANCIS E. LESTER €O., Dept. J. 6. MESILLA PARK, N. M.

MANLOVE
Automatic Gate

Saves time, adds to value
safety, beauty and pleasure o:
home.

MANLOVE GATE CO.
272 E. Huron St., Chicago, Il.

KELSEY Warm Air Generator

FOR PROPER HOUSE HEATING

Kelsey Heating Co., Syracuse, N. Y.

UBETIKILL

Exterminates field mice, house mice, and other rodents

in houses, greenhouses, hotbeds, barns and stables. Package

(containing enough Ubet Ikill to kill 1,000 mice) 60 cents, car-

riage paid.

STUMPP & WALTER CO., Distributing Agents
50 Barclay Street, New York City

1908

JUNE

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools 305

What You Need
Is This

AUTO-SPRAY

To keep the insects and disease
from your Small Fruits, Grape
Vines, Berries, Potatoes and
other Garden Crops. Also for
Shrubbery, Flowers and Poultry
and Live Stock Purposes.

This sprayer of four gallons
capacity generates power enough
for all kinds of work except large
trees, and may be used to the
best advantage by anyone culti-
vating five acres or less.

It is more efficient, convenient and does more thorough
work with less effort on the part of the user than
any other spray pump made. ‘That is our unquali-
fied guarantee and your money back if you want it.

A few strokes of the plunger generates pressure for
10 minutes spraying and with belt attachment it need
not be taken from shoulder to keep pressure at
highest point continuously. Being made of anti-
corrosive materials it may be used with all kinds of
solutions, as well as whitewash.

Auto=Pop Nozzle saves time, trouble and solu-
tion, allowing user to guide and control spray with
one hand, as closing the hand gently over lever
starts spray and the release of this pressure stops it
instantly. No strain on thumb. No waste between
trees, bushes or plants.

We Make 40 Sizes and Sell Direct

Our factory is the largest in the world devoted to
spraying machinery exclusively. We make all kinds
of Hand Power and ‘Traction Power outfits with
capacities up to 250 gallons. Practi-
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Experiment Stations use and endorse
our sprayers, as do 250,000 Fruit
Growers, Gardeners and Farmers.

Write for Free Catalogue and Val-
uable Spraying Calendar. Our book illus-
trates and describes the finest line of sprayers
made, and contains a_ spraying guide and
list of formulas compiled by that eminent
authority on entomology, Prof. M. V. Slinger-
land of Cornell University College of Agri-
culture. Send now for the book and prices.
Address

The E. C. BROWN CO.
34 Jay Street, ROCHESTER. N. Y.

PATENTED.

e e e
Chickering Pianos
if SEND FOR CATALOGUE

Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass.

' GEORGE H. PETERSON
i ROSE. AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 57 - FAIR LAWN, NEW JERSEY

COMPETENT GARDENERS

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want
to engage one write to us. Please give particulars re-
garding place and say whether married or single man is
wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the
best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
- HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and
37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

Sin. size

ing and floral decoration.

circle. Address

5in. Plate Silver ‘‘JaApana”?
Candlestick and 3 in.
JAPANA” at $1.35. 7 in,
Candlestick at $1.55,

Note: The “‘ Japana’’isasolid
piece of glass full of holes,
allowing a perfect circulation
for water and holding the
flowers in their natural posi-
tion (the Japanese idea of
beauty). Being of glass, the
*Japana”’ does not show in

@ PHEIR HISTORY, DE-
VELOPMENT AND
@ CULTIVATION : : :

By the Rev. JOSEPH H. PEMBERTON,
Vice-president of the National Rose Society.
With a Frontispiece in color, nine lithogra-
phic plates and other illustrations in the text.
8vo. pp. xxiv-336. $3.50

«¢ |, There seems to be no phase of rose
culture that the author has not entered into, and
given careful and conscientious attention to... .
The author not only gives intelligent information
upon each and every subject but valuable instruc-
tions as well, and for the amateur grower one could
not imagine a finer, clearer, or more comprehensive
work. . .?—Oregon Journal.

| Gardening in Town and Suburb

By HARRY H. THOMAS, Assistant Editor of “The
Garden.”? With 19 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. $1.00

‘Particularly interesting to town dwellers will be the
chapters on roof gardening, plants in rooms, and bulbs
grown in fibre in fancy bowls. Its useas a practical
manual is considerably enhanced by the inclusion of lists
of plants suitable to various purposes alphabetically
arranged, with notes on their individual culture, colour,
habit and so forth. Altogether the book is a useful
addition to the amateur gardener’s library.’’—Lazcet,
London.

LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., New York

We can help you.

NEW JAPANA” SAY CK ous

(Patented)

in silver or brass is the latest addition to the already well
known line of ‘‘Japana’”’ Specialties and fits into any of
the “‘Japana”’ Cut Flower Holders or ‘‘.Anglais’’ Table
Decoration by means of a thread and screw. The “Japana”
Candle Stick used in alternate units of the “Anglais” Table
Decoration gives a unique and extremely pleasing light-

The “Anglais” Table Decoration is formed
from two low glass vases—one rectangular and
one crescent in form, each piece containing a

“Japana” flower holder. Six crescents make a

M. V. Garnsey

A129 Waiola Avenue, La Grange, IIl.

The,.ANGLAIS Table Decoration

water. An Oval Arrangement of Eight Sections, $6.00

Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Roses,
Expert advice on all questions pertaining to the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us your needs.
Write us and secure our New Illustrated Catalog.

The “Japana”’ silver plated
Candlestick with German
Silver shade—glass vase—can-
dle lamp, mica—silk lining to
fit 7in. stick complete, $4.80
Same tofit5in.stick, $3.90

State color of lining desired
Anglais, Units, each, $ .75

4% in. Japana Cy 50
36 in. sc “so 535
216 in. se oo .25
7 in. Silver Stick, 1.25
Rit, fe 1.00

BAMBOO. STAKES

from JAPAN

The MOST durable in existence. Will not
decay for a long time. Can be used season after
season.

Indispensable for tying up Lilies, Roses, Gla-
dioli, Chrysanthemums, small shrubs, Tomato
Plants, etc. .

6 ft. long, per 100 250 500 1000
$1.00 $2.25 $3.75 $6.00

Extra Strong Bamboo Stakes from Japan

These are especially adapted for proving a Strong
Support for Dahlias, young trees, large shrubs,
heavy vines. Also for use in building artistic
fences, gates, arbors, small bridges where Japan
Garden effects are desired.

12 100
5% ft. long, 14 in. to 2 in. diameter, .75 $5.00
7 ft. long, 14 in. to 2 in. diameter, $1.00 6.00
““For larger quantities special prices.’’

Our New Fall Bulb Catalogue will appear August rst.

Send in your name Now to be sure to get it.

We will have some fine Novelties and surprises for Fall

lanting.
HH BERGER & CO.
70 Warren St.

s and Perennials

Mailed free.

en es

306

Why Waste Time
and Labor?

trimming and edging a lawn or garden
with back-breaking shears, clippers
and edging tools when the

Capitol Lawn Trim-
mer and Edger

will do the work much better, easier,
and in a fraction of the time.
cost in less than a season.

Saves its
An _ abso-
lute necessity for lawn gardens, parks
and cemeteries. If your dealer does
not handle it, write us for Catalog
“C.”’ Don’t put it off.

The Granite State Mowing
Machine Co.

Hinsdale

BARTON LAWN TRIMMER

Saves all the tedious trimming with sickle and
The best trimmer known. Send for
E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa.

ILLETT’S

Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue
of over 50 pages, which tells about
this class of plants. It’s free.

EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass.

shears.
booklet.

Ij you are planning to build the Readers’
Service can often give helpful sug gestion

Summer Separating

Wi the coming of hot weather

additional care must be taken
in the milk room to see that no contamination
from sour milk shall occur. The least
slopping of milk must be mopped up or
foul odors will soon arise. The delicate
flavor of “June butter” is easily injured
and the milk must be carefully guarded
from the time it is drawn until it leaves
the maker’s care in the form of the best
butter that he is capable of producing.

Separating twice a day is now necessary
and churnings must be made as frequently
as the yield will allow and economy permit.
Then, too, arrangements must be made
for holding the cream at a low temperature.
Altogether there are many changes from
the winter practice. It is no easy task to
wash the separator twice a day. Some of
the testimonials seen in catalogues tell of
cleaning the machine in two minutes, but
that does not suffice even for the tank
in the hands of those who have some idea
of bacterial life and the necessity for steriliza-
tion. With us the evening cleaning is the
more irksome as it comes after the other
chores are done and the call for rest and
refreshment is strong. While it is unsafe
to generally recommend any other practice
than a thorough cleaning after each separa-
tion, the careful operator may safely omit
the evening cleaning. We do not even
take the machine down, but after the evening
run is over and the bowl has been thoroughly
flushed out, the cream and skim milk cans
are removed and empty cans placed under
the spouts. We then run through a cleanser
of not less than five gallons of water heated
to 130 degrees in which two heaping tea-
spoonfuls of sal soda have been dissolved.
This removes the film of milk adhering to
the bowl and inner cups. An equal amount
of scalding water is then run through while
the bowl is slowing down. Last of all
enough fresh-drawn cold water is run
through to thoroughly cool the machine.
While getting up speed for the work of
the following morning another tankful of
boiling water is run through before filling
the tank with milk. This leaves the bowl
at a high enough temperature so that the
first few gallons of milk are not chilled
below the proper temperature for exhaustive
separation—something which often happens
on chill mornings and is’ the cause of a
considerable loss of butterfat during the
year.

In this latitude the summer nights are
cool enough so that fermentation does not
start rapidly and this “automatic washing”
has never caused us any trouble. Of course
it is out of the question after the morning
run. The Jack of hot water in quantity
might prevent many from following this
scheme but to all such we say: buy a little
steam boiler and engine, but get the boiler
anyway if you cannot afford the engine
and give the gasolene power a wide berth
for dairy work. Our little boiler is the
most indispensable and satisfactory machine
on the farm.

Penna.

Bs Bp dB),

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TOMATO
SUPPORTS

JUNE,

Made of
Galvanized
Wire, Will
not Rust of
Harbor
Insects.

MODEL V
No. 6
Wire
$3.50 per doz.

20.00 4 Gross
35.00 Gross

SX
SN
WS
-S SS
SSSVHY

WSR
AQIS

SASS
WSS
SS

Tomato Vines

produce larger and healthier
tomatoes when supported
by the Parker-Bruen Toma-
to Support.

The vine, relieved of the
strain, centers all of its
growing strength in the
tomatoes themselves, thus
developing the fruit.

Write for illustrated pamphlet,
“For the Greenhouse and Garden.’’

PARKER-BRUEN MFG. CO,
1370 Broadway NEW YORK

Adventures in Contentment
By DAVID GRAYSON

“Here is a book so delightful in its literary style, so simple,
so sound in its philosophy, so full of genuine content and
with such a sunny outlook upon life that one almost hes-
itates to write about it lest its charms shall be clouded, as
it were, by overmuch handling.” —The Brooriyn Daily
Eagle.
Uniform with “A Journey to Nature,” illustrated
by Fogarty, $1.32 postpaid.

THE WORLD'S WORK Tue
Onna LEB (3) ® GABnEN

. DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw Yore.

1908

Pitiny Fait nes rs

ay

JUNE,

1908

COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA FOR JUNE

In the number of Country Lije in America
for this month there is an article about Salmon
Fishing in Newfoundland which has been

secured after an amount of trouble seldom de-

voted to a single article.

Last year Mr. Dug-

more prepared himself with a special camera
and camping outfit and made the long journey

eee

into the far north of Newfoundland, bent on
getting some salmon pictures as good as Mr.

_Dimock’s pictures of the leaping tarpon.

, After traveling for
days by sea andland,
by train, steamer,
dory and on foot,
the long-wished-for
river was reached
—only to spend
some disheartening
weeks of fruitless
effort. For on the
few occasions when
the salmon rose the
sun retired behind
clouds and fog, and
photographs made
in a thousandth of
a second need good

sunlight and plenty of it. For a month the

record was one of almost uniform failure—

not to mention rain and black flies and other
troubles.

But at last, one day, on a pool which had
probably never before been fished, luck turned;
and in the space of three hours a dozen salmon
leaped successively in the sunlight while the
camera clicked away—with what success, on
this and some subsequent occasions, the readers
of Country Lije in America for June may iudge.

A VACATIGN ISSUE

This edition has been prepared with the idea
of giving everybody who hungers and thirsts for
a summer vacation some suggestions. For a
year the editors have been at work upon it, and
here are some of the ideas set forth with practical
details of how best to manage, costs, etc., etc.

How to Pitch a Tent, a practical and helpful article

for campers.

Vacation Trips For Everybody, covering a large

part of every section of the country, with costs,
maps, and illustrations.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”—Axtoxy and Cleopatra

Vacations in Old Lumber Camps, a new sort of

vacation experience.

A Fishing Camp on the Gunnison River, with some

wonderful photographs.

A Trip to the Wonderland of the Cascades.

A Cruise on the Raging Canal.

A Driving Trip in Ohio and Indiana.

Camping Trips in Maine.

An Automobile Prairie Schooner.

Camping in an Automobile.

A Garden Vacation.

All this besides the regular Homebuilders’
Supplement, the Country Calendar, the Stable
and Kennel, and Poultry Departments, and
other subjects covered each month.

If the readers of The Garden Magazine-Farm-
ing are not taking Country Life in America
regularly we wish them to send for a summer
offer which we make to induce our friends to
take the magazine during these dull months.

A NEW BOOK BY MAURICE HEWLETT

There is real distinction about all the work
done by this writer, and we are proud to add a
book like “The Spanish Jade” to our list. It
is redolent with the vivid color of Spain, and we
believe it will be welcomed by the readers who
take joy in “Richard Yea-and-Nay” and “The
Forest Lovers.” We rather flatter ourselves, too,
that it is a most attractive piece of book-making,
being illustrated by William Hyde, under Mr.
Hewlett’s direction. In England, it is sold for
6 shillings ($1.50), while we have put the price
at go cents, net, or $1.00 postpaid. Send for
it on approval if you like.

ENGLISH REVIEWS OF “THE ANCIENT LAW”

It is a genuine pleasure, speaking of English
matters, to notice how great is the interest taken
there in Miss Glas-
gow’s new novel. It
has been received with
the highest praise.
Here are a few lines
of extracts:

The
Ancient Law.

“The book is well
worth reading.”—The
Atheneum.

“One gets borne along
as ona waye of emotional
inspiration toward an un-
derstanding of the reality
of good.”—The London
Morning Post.

“A deep and intimate
record of a soul’s trem-

Ellen Glasgow .

307

E- OFFICE: |

bling progress upward from shame and sin to dignity,
expression, and courage.”—The London Times.

MR. LORIMER’S “ JACK SPURLOCK—PRODIGAL.”

We have also just published the first novel
written by the author of the “Letters of a Self-
Made Merchant.” We may be prejudiced,
but we think it is humor of a quality, and breezy
quality, which will cause it to be welcomed as
few books have been received by people who are
more fond of laughing than the reverse. Some
parts of it have appeared in the Saturday
Evening Post, but it has been entirely re-
cast and rewritten, the form of letters aban-
doned, and young Jack’s love affairs with a
very delightful girl carried to their happy
ending.

AN ENERGETIC WOMAN

who knew something about gardens undertook
to see her friends and neighbors to interest them
in The Garden Magazine-Farming. She soon
found that she had a hundred subscribers, and
earned a considerable sum, greatly to her own
and to our advantage. We are in pressing need
of a host of such helpers, and college students
and teachers are invited to write us for par-
ticulars of an attractive summer offer. We
believe that students and teachers have a special
adaptability for the work. Commission and sal-
ary will be paid. Three or four hours a day are
required—not more—and earnings of several
hundred dollars during the vacation period are
not at all beyond the attainable. Selling a
magazine like this is perhaps more pleasant
work than selling some other things. This
paragraph is put here in the hope that our
subscribers . will advise the right sort of
teachers and students to write to our
Circulation Department for more detailed
information.

BACK NUMBERS WANTED

The demand for the March number of The
Garden Magazine—Farming was heavier than
we expected. If any of our readers have
copies of that month’s issue in good condition
they would be favoring us by returning them
as promptly as possible.

In sending the copies back, send at the
same time a “postal card saying that you have
done so and we will be glad to extend your
subscription.

f

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can often give helpjul suggestions

308 THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

JUNE,

USED FROM

‘“‘SLUG SHOT’’ OCEAN TO OCEAN

Sold by Seed Dealers

A light, composite, fine powder, easily distributed either by duster, bellows, or in
water by spraying. ‘Thoroughly reliable in killing Currant Worms, Potato Bugs, Cab-
bage Worms, Lice, Slugs, Sow Bugs, etc., and it is also strongly impregnated with fungi-
cides. $8 =Put up in Popular Packages at Popular Prices.

Hammond’s Slug Shot Works, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y.
THE EAGLESTON HAMMOCK

WITH OUR NEW FITMENTS FOR 1908

Grow Mushrooms

For Big and Quick Profits.
Small Capital to Start. A Safe Business.
Iam the largest grower in America. Ten years
experience enables me to give practical instruc-
tion in the business worth many dollars to you.
No matter what your occupation is or where
you are located, here is an opportunity to acquire
a thorough knowledge of this paying business.
Send for Free Book giving particulars and in-
formation, how to start, cost, etc. Address i
JAGKSON MUSHROOM FARM !
3264 N. Western Avenue, Chicago, Ill. §

Made from Heavy Khaki Canvas. Mattress can be
made with same or from blue or red denim. Pockets
in the ends for papers or books. Bag for the ladies’
work, and racks for the gentlemen’s pipes and
matches. Wind Shields if desired.

For price and particulars

DEPARTMENT 20
Unusual Things for Here and There

THE EAGLESTON SHOP

Quaint Furniture, Antiques and Reproductions,
Pottery, Rugs and Fabric Stuffs.

HYANNIS MASSACHUSETTS

Two valuable books in one:

Write to-day for our art booklet ‘* How mr
to Grow Roses” and our New Flo- of 100 Homes,”’ By W. M. Johnson

Roses val Guide— FREE 200 Illustrations $1.10 postpaid

NARD & JONES CO., Box P West Grove, Pa.
ce Growers of ‘‘the Best Roses in America.” ans Doubleday, Page & Company, New Y ork
a RT SE ES ESD,

igs

THE MT. DESERT NURSE

we

Northern Plants for Late Planting
Long after growth has started further south and plants cannot be lifted
without injury, it is early springtime still on the Maine coast.

Hardy Herbaceous Plants a Specialty
Packing done with greatest care

The Mt. Desert Nurseries

Write for Catalogue

Bar Harbor, Maine

The Culture of Larkspurs

ARKSPURS have three serious troubles. |

Cutworms are sometimes very destruc-

tive in spring. These have to be dug out;

1908

it is well to reset the plants in new places, —

adding a little tobacco dust to the soil.

Slugs often eat the crowns. The pre-
ventive is to scatter ashes over the crowns
at the approach of winter.

The cause and cure of larkspur blight
are unknown, but the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture is studying it and
Dr. Erwin F. Smith will be glad to have
specimens. Until a cure is found, the
best thing we can do is to spray the plants
weekly with Bordeaux mixture or ammo-
niacal carbonate of copper, beginning as
soon as growth starts. Also dig dry Bor-
deaux about the crowns.

It is costly and risky to import the hybrids
and they ordinarily live only three or four
years here. Gardeners generally prefer to
keep raising larkspurs every year from
seed, as seedlings seem more resistant to
blight than plants propagated by division.
The inferior forms can be used for wild
gardening, and the best reserved for propa-
gating by division. The best time to divide
larkspurs is in spring, just when growth
starts. A better way to propagate doubles
and choice forms is by cuttings, as the plants
seem to have a better constitution, but this
method requires a coldframe and a good
deal of care. Put cuttings three inches
long in two-inch pots of sandy soil in March
or September.

Larkspurs are gross feeders and like
a rich, heavy soil. They will grow six or

eight feet high in soil that is heavily manured |
The greatest height of —

and always moist.
plant I find recorded is twelve feet; the
greatest number of spikes for one plant,
forty-one; the longest spike, twenty-six
inches; the thickest spike, four inches in
diameter; the largest individual flowers
two and a half inches across. Of course,

such great plants need staking, and to avoid

a bunched look put five or six light stakes
around each good plant instead of using one
big one.

Dig deep holes and set the plants three
to four feet apart according to the amount
of manure used. Mulch the plants so that
the hot sun will not strike the bare
ground. Water freely in hot
Replant every two or three years in fresh
places.

weather. ©

There are two ways of getting a second ~

crop of bloom from larkspurs. The better is to

7

JUNE, 1908

WROUGHT IRON
FENCE

And Entrance Gates

WIRE FENCING

Ornamental Iron-Work, Tree-
Guards, Lawn Furniture,- Etc.
TENNIS COURT ENCLOSURES A SPECIALTY

F-E:-CARPENTER CO.,
7&9 WARREN ST., — NEW YORK

The beauty of public or private
enclosures is greatly enhanced
jby an ornamental fence and
entrance gate.

THE CARPENTER designs of

wrought iron or wire combine
beauty and durability at moderate
cost. A great variety always in
stock to select from. Special de-
signs to order for those who desire
something distinctive.

Call or write for estimate and
particulars

\ SUN-DIALS water
PEDESTALS

Send for illustrated
price list H 29

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, II.

New York Office, 1123 Broadway

Buy ‘Kalamazoo Komfort’” Now

Enjoy that Inxurious rest and relaxation which
gives renewed enery and makes the hot. sultry
days cool and delightful. Be truly comfortable
when reading, resting orill. The expense is only
nominal. Our Reelining chair, antomatieally adjust-
fing itself to every position, will do all this for you.
Write us for free trial offer and catalogue No. 103, show-
ing ten models of this chair and sixty other designs
of summer furniture. Ask your dealer for
Superior Quality lawn furniture and make your
home comfortable, attractive and distinetive.
KALAMAZOO SLED COMPANY,
549 8rd ST., KALAMAZOO, MICH.

Each
Piece
‘Trade-
Marked and
Guaranteed

SEND FOR STEVENS’ COMPLETE
CATALOG

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO.

420 Front Street, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.

PLANET JR. GARDEN TOOLS
Do the work of 3 to 6 men. Write
for Catalogue of 45 kinds.

S. L. Allen @ Co. Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.

JU \

BUILT ESPECIALLY FOR THE
LAWN AND GARDEN

Removable rack, Wide tired wheels, Fine finish,
Steel gears. Write today for price list “A

SWARTWOUT & MOTT Utica, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Seldom See

a big knee like this but your horse may have a
bunch or bruise on his Ankle, Hock, Stifle Knee
or Throat,

je:

will clean them off without laying the horse up.
No blister, no hair gone. Removes Bursal En-
largements, Thickened Tissues, Swollen Glands,
} Shoe Boils,Capped Hock, Puffs or Swellings—any
3 _ Strain or Lameness, Allays Pain, Restores the
Circulation; reduces Rheumatic Deposits, Enlarged Veins,
Painful Swellings and Affiictions. Healing, Pleasant and
Safe to use. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 8-C free.
W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F.,152 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

iit!

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

CHAIN

WARRINER yiéine STANCHION

= a Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testined to its
simplicity, completeness and durability,
among them Ex-Governor Hoard of Wiscon-
sin, who writes: ‘I have been very much
impressed with the practical excellence of
your stanchions,” Shipped subject to 30
\ days’ trial in your own stable. Send for
descriptive pamphlet.

W.B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

Amateur, Fancier, Professional
Breeder or General Farmer—the
- book you need is

“The Poultry
Book”

672 illustrations One handsome
large volume. $7.50 postpaid.

Country Le THE WoRLD's WoRK THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw Yor«.

DAGGETT CALF WEANER gvsvznre"

CALE WEANER CO.

money back.
Shenandoah, Iowa

The Readers’ Service will give
tnjormation about motor boats

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue Garpben Macazine, 133 East 16th Sree New York.

309

Address

LAWN FERTILIZER

S HEEP MANURE is unequalled for top dressing the lawn
in the Spring. It makes a complete fertilizer and is
specially rich in nitrogen. Spread on evenly the Spring rains
will wash in the fertilizing elements ready for the young roots
immediately growth starts. There is no danger of carrying
in weed seeds if sheep manure is used.
It is also excellent for fertilizing the

VEGETABLE GARDEN AND ORCHARD
promoting a steady, rapid growth. It is non-odorous, is
cleaner, and richer than stable manure.

3 1.50

LO BS655. 100 Ibs.
50 Ibs. 1.00 Per ton 25.00

NEW CIty, N. Y¥.

CAIRNSMUIR FARM,

Large English Berkshires

Size, with quality and early maturity

We have never bred a cross animal
nor have we ever had a sow molest her
pigs. Our sows are prolific and tractable

Breeding herd of 150 to select from.

Both English and American breeding
and only the most desirable strains.
Write us yourwants. We willbe pleased
to describe stock and furnish pedigree
whether you are ready to buy or not.

H.C.&H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N.Y.

THE CROWN
BONE CUTTER

for the poultryman. Cuts green bone and
offals from the table, vegetables, etc. Also
WILSON’S Family Grist [ill for
grinding fine corn meal and grain for
table use. Turns easy. A sample of
meal and catalogue sent free.

WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa.

BOOK

Mated pair S U f B

billing, or §

kissing. FREE
Eromieggs Send for our handsome 1908 Free Book,
pOAS a. telling how to make money breeding squabs.

an oe We were first; our birds are largest and
outsell all others. Our methods are
widely copied. piymouth Rock Squab
Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

=
Be prepared to fightlice, roup and gapes. A small outlay

will equip you.

Write for my free illustrated Poultry Supply Book. De-
scribes poultry diseases, and Standard remedies—Madoc Gape
Cure, Conkey’s Roup Cure, Lambert’s and Rust’s Lice Killers,
Vero Insect Powder and all kinds of poultry yard conveniences
at manufacturers’ prices. Let me solve your problems.

STOKES’ SEED STORE
Philadelphia

Dept. W. 219 Market Street

Rhode Island Reds

White, Buff, Barred and Black Rocks; White,
Golden, Silver and Buff Wyandottes; Brown,
Buff and White Leghorns; Light Brahmas,
Black Minorcas and Black Javas.

Hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. For
BIRDS (moderate prices) or ‘EGGS to
HATCH ” at ten cents each, write for circular.

WALTER SHERMAN, Meadowslope, NEWPORT, R.I.

My experts treated the historic trees of Mount
Vernon last October, November and December

PRACTICAL FORESTRY
LANDSCAPE GARDENING

PLANS AND CONSULTATIONS

TCAN PRESERVE YOUR OLD TREES
' . 4) SPRAYING AND PRUNING

By EXPERTS

Proper feeding of an old tree to give fresh vigor is an important part of my

method of treatment. : e
removed, I give special attention to starting new growth.

After decay has been arrested and all dead or useless limbs

I undertake the management of orchards, as well as all kinds of orna-

mental plantations, grading, surveying; making
baceous borders; and give professional advice on estate managements.

flower gardens and her-

(Write to me about any subject concerning care of trees, and I will give
you my opinion, based on years of experience.

JOHN T. WITHERS

1 Montgomery Street

JERSEY CITY, N. J.

——

310

Increase the Yield of
Your Garden

by using the IGOE TOMATO AND
PLANT SUPPORTS. They will mean
amore abundant crop of Tomatoes of
superior quality, and more beauty and

success of your heavily flowered plants,
such as Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow,

Chrysanthemums, etc.

The Best and Strongest Support Made.

REPAYS
THE COST
MANY
TIMES
OVER IN
A SINGLE
SEASON

MADE
STRONG
AND LIGHT
OF HEAVY
GALV AN-
IZED
WIRE

PRICES:

ae sleemDozens. sine bles
() = Per50,$7.00; per100,$12.50 ()

Send for Price List and Catalogue

IGOE BROTHERS

Brooklyn, N. Y.

61-73 Metropolitan Ave.

Money in Mushrooms

Read how we have successfully
grown mushrooms for 25 years for big
profits, and learn all about our Im-
perial Spawn which we place direct
and _ fresh in the
handsof the grower.
Not dried and in-
fertilebutmoistand
full of life. We
makeit and use it in
our own beds with
invariablé success.
Mushrooms are easily
grown at home in cel-

Send to- lars, sheds, stables,
day for boxes, etc., all the year.
big 32- Previous experience or
page free capital notneeded, We
booklet, teach you the business
and learn and our methods
how to FREE and TELL
makea YOU WHERE TO
start. SELL WHAT YOU

RAISE.
National Spawn & Mushroom Co., Dept. 55, Boston, Mass.

Ifyou are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can give you helpjul suggestions

cut the stalks right down to the ground after
they have bloomed, then cultivate and manure
heavily. The common way is to keep
cutting the spikes as soon as they begin to
fade. Larkspurs seed too freely, and if
you prevent seeding, feed heavily, and water
faithfully they will bloom more or less
continuously from July to frost.

All the perennial larkspurs will bloom
the first year from seed and will give a good
show of color in August and September
if started indoors .in March. They are
at their best the second year. Better. grow
them in nursery rows the first year. People
generally sow in spring, .\but August is the
best time because the fresh home-saved
seed will germinate in three weeks and

the seedlings can stay outdoors all
winter. Thus August sowing saves time
and care.

Large seedling plants cost about twenty-
five cents each or $2.50 a dozen; named

hybrids about $5 a dozen; novelties
$5 to $10 each. The leading English
hybridizer offers 218 named varieties;

American nurserymen rarely offer more
than two or three.

The red, yellow, and orange-flowered
larkspurs are not perennial in cultivation.
They will bloom the first season from
seed sown indoors in March, but perhaps
the best way is to get fresh seed in August;
sow them and winter the plants in a frame.
They are glorious when well grown.

Species for the rock garden only are
the May blooming D. tricorne and the
musk-scented D. Brunonianum.

Protecting the Strawberries
[XS THE June, 1907, number of ‘THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE there was an
article on how to protect the strawberry
patch from ravages by birds, the scheme
being to frighten the birds away by the
presence in the patch of a cat in a large
cage. For several years I have satisfac-
torily protected my berries in what seems
to me to be an easier manner, and that is
by having cat scarecrows in the field. I
take long, worn-out black stockings, cut off
the feet, stitch the cut end across, pinch up
and sew the corners so as to make ears, and
sew on pearl buttons for eyes. Stuff them
with straw, hay or excelsior, and tie a black
cord tightly in placeto make theneck. Drive
a suitable stick into the ground and set
the scarecrow upon it. A number of these
will effectually guard the berries from the
birds. They are no trouble to make and
accomplish the same results as a real live
cat.

Massachusetts. 19, Cs 18,

How to Judge a Melon

The psychological moment for picking a
melon is indicated in some varieties by a
small drop of red juice at the stem-end of
the fruit—a ‘sort of sympathetic watering at
the mouth. But an infallible rule for judging
ripeness is to pick a melon when the stem
pulls easily away from the fruit, or shows
by a crack at that point its willingness to be
appreciated.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JUNE, 1908

LUTHER BURBANK

The Wizard of Horticulture

Highly endorses “BONORA,”? The Great
Wonderful Discovery. There is not anything
that will take the place of “BONORA.”

“ BONORA” will force your vegetables to early ma-
turity, making them sweet and tender,
and largely increasing the production.
Two or three applications will do it.

“BONORA”’ will make your lawns look like velvet,

“BONORA” will make your rose bushes bloom in
profusion. ;

“ BONORA” will make your geraniums and all soft ~
; plants bloom throughout the season. —

The greatest horticulturists in the world

are using it, as well as thousands of

others. The following speaks for itself:

The Greatest Authority in America

Bonora Chemical Co.
Dear Sirs:

The Bonora which you sent me last fall was received, I
found it impossible to test it then owing to a great pressure of
other matters, but have lately made use of it under several
conditions and have found it a powerful and very convenient
fertilizer, especially for plants, greenhouse work, etc.

As to its economy compared with other fertilizers, I have
no means of judging, but from its lack of odor, its immediate
effects and convenience, it is no doubt a valuable form of plant
food. lKespectfully yours,

LUTHER BURBANK.

Santa Rosa, California.

Order from your seed dealer or direct.

“BONORA” is put up in dry form all size pack-
ages as follows :.

1 lb. making 98 gallons postpaid

By Ils aie) by express
10 lbs. 280 See
25 lbs. ‘700
50 lbs. 1400
100 Ibs. 2800
200 lbs. 5600

Bonora Chemical Co.
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome St., New York

Killweed

Used to Kill Weeds on Paths, Gravel Walks and
Gutters. Mix one part of Killweed with twenty
parts of water. :

Price, $1.00 per Gallon.
Francis Lynch, Agt., 78 Clinton St., Newburgh, N. Y.

Three Sizes

8 inch blades, $2.00

6c OG

9 2.50

10 3,00

Those Teeth

Preventslipping by
gripping the
branches and elimi-
nate half the labor

The feature
J of these shears
is the serrated
edge running along
the entire length of one
blade. This slight change
saves half of the fatiguing
effort that is required to oper-
ate ordinary hedge shears. It
does away with stopping for adjust-
F ment, as in the notched shears. They
cut without slipping at any’part of the
blade. No more waste of time or energy
over the grind stone. The teeth are sloped to-
ward the point so that the cutting blade is sharp-
ened by each successive stroke, Made in Sheffield
for the Benton Company, :after the perfectly balanced
English model.

The Neverslip Garden ‘Tools
have the same non-slipping and self-sharpening features as the Neverslip

Hedge Shears and are of the same high standard of workmanship, See page
193, April, 1908, issue of Garden Magazine for illustrations.

Neverslip Pruners No. 100, California Patent = .75
Never-lip Pruners No. 108, Loop Handle = = 1.25
Neverslip Branch Shears, Made in Sheffield = = 4.00
Plain Grass Shears, 5 1-2 inches’ - - -40

Onsale at lending dealers. or order by mail at published prices.
Express prepaid for orders of $2.00 or more to all points east of the Missis-
Sippi. Printed matter giving testimonials from prominent horticuitur-
ists, and detailed information sent on request,

GEO. E. BENTON COMPANY 99 Reade St., New York.

ON WASH DAY

The Hill Dryer may be put up in a minute.
Holds 150 feet of line on revolving frame—
that brings clothes to you.

Taken down and put away for the rest of the
week, leaving nothing to mar the lawn.

Strong, serviceable, durable. With proper
care will last a lifetime. Pleases every woman.
Nearly 1,000,000 people use them. $6.70
to $10.00.

Sold by Hardware and Department Stores.

Write for Catalogue 39 and Money Back Offer.

HILL DRYER COMPANY
359 Park Ave., WORCESTER, MASS.

BANANA MUSKMELON

This curious melon attains a length of 18 to 30 inches, and
diameter of 2 to 4 inches. The flesh is deep Yellow, and of
exquisite flavor. It looks and smells like a Banana. Not a
mere curiosity, but is in such favor as to command good
prices in city markets, 50 cents to $1.00 being sometimes
demanded for a single specimen. Packet, 25 cents, postpaid.
Supply limited. Order to-day.

BINGHAMTON SEED CO., 100 Court St., Binghamton, N. Y.
a8. 00 per 1000; NOT $18.00
5.00 per 100; NOT 4.00

E R R R Prices of Amoor River Privet, quoted in our May

ads. were badly off; correct figures are as above. Our prices are as low
as 1s consistent with superior stock. Carriage charges prepaid on all
orders for $ro or more. Peter’s Nursery Co., Box 367, Knoxville, Tenn.

Garden Cerra Cotta |

Sun Dials

Vir S SET aS
JARDINIERES
FLOWER BOXES
13) VEIN] ACS as
Tis soya Noe) 801] Be Shame)
FOUNTAINS
STATUARY

Flower Pots

Special Designs Executed |

WILLIAM GALLOWAY
32nd and Walnut Streets Philadelphia

Catalogue sent on request

METAL GARDEN

ORNAMENTS

Lawn and Park Fountains
Drinking Fountains

Railings and Entrance Gates

Gas and Electric Light Posts and Lamps
Stable and Cattle House Fittings
Flower Vases in Cast Iron and Bronze

Statuary, Settees and Chairs
Tree Guards

We issue separate Catalogue of each of the
above which will be sent upon request.

The J. L. Mott Iron Works

Ornamental Dept.

sth Ave. and 17th Street, New York

The Farmers’ Easy Record

A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on
the farm. Designed by an expert. Thousands in use. Easy to keep.
Will last 8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents
Wanted. Send for free specimen pages and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO., Dept. 579, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

BURP EE’S Annual 1908 is FREE to

anyone with a garden. Write to-day.
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

complete illustrated Farm

Philadelphia

growth of new roots.
see plantings of all sizes made at that season.

groups or private nursery.

ISAAC HICKS & SON,

White Spruce on the Lawn of Mr. H. McK. Twombly
Y OU can plant in the comparatively leisure season as well as in the overcrowded spring
season, and enjoy the plants till next spring with no extra cost.

August-September planting is successful because the es V.
For proof, visit our Nursery and the large estates in the vicinity and

You can order now thousands of Spruce, Pine, Cedar, Arborvite,
that will give the maximum result for the cost for windbreaks, all-the-year screens, ornamental}

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS SAVED [

You can select in our Nursery carloads of White Pine, Hemlock and Red Cedar
feet high, White Spruce and Red Pine 6 to 14 feet high.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

WESTBURY STATION,

aa The science of plant nourishment is perfected
by the Japaneseand this

NUTRIENT PLANT FOOD

is a famous original Japanese preparation for
house and garden plant fertilizing. It is es-
pecially adapted for the Chrysanthemums,
Roses and others requiring a rich earth. Pro-
duces rapid growth of foliage, more abundant
and beautiful flowers. Satisfaction guaranteed.
& Price 50 cts. for enough to fertilize a dozen
plants for three months.

WIDDIFIELD DRUG & CHEMICAL CO.
Box 358 Addison, Michigan

IEVERGREENS

for
August-September
Planting

warm ground encourages te
|
3 inches to 6 feet high |

LONG

There’s more to the vacation when you

NRODAR

More pleasure at the moment and afterward the added charm of pictures that tell the vacation
story.

And it is all so simple by the Kodak system that the merest novice can make good pictures from
the start. Kodak has removed most of the opportunities for making mistakes.

KODAKS, $5.00 TO $100. BROWNIES, $1 TO $12

Catalogue free at the EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
dealers or by mail Rochester, N. Y., The Kodak City

THE WORLD'S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

y

j JULY Trees With Beautiful Flowers

1908 Cauliflower all the Year | 5 Cc
Vol. VIL Roadside Gardening
No. 6

Outlawed Spireas $1.00 a Year

House Ferns

{

COUNTRY LIFE is BIBEDAY, - CO ; THE WORLD’S

TAI ANACDIC A __ a aa ae ren ~ & * NOY) KS

FALL BLOOMING
CROCUSES

Why not have a floral dis-
play at a season when Summer
blooms have faded> Plant
our Fall blooming Crocuses
during August and they will
be in full bloom during Sep-
tember, October and Novem-
ber. QThe results are im-
médiate and guaranteed by us.
We offer for your selection
over thirty varieties, among
them the following, which we
can supply in large quantities.
@ Considering the high grade
quality and the remarkably
low prices, these varieties
should become very popular.

G
Crocus Sativus, beautiful light blue $0. 28 ee
1.

A Speciosus, rich purple......

Zonatus, bright lilac
Col. Autumnale

Free del'very after August 15th, at the prices quoted above, anywhere in the United States.
For the choicest selection of bulbs apply for Rawson’s Bulb Handbook for 1908, out August Isth.

W. W. Rawson & Co., 5 Union Street, Boston, Mass.

Nursery Products for Summer
Decoration

Hardy Vines and_ We have a splendid lot growing in pots for
GlimberssuulPate immediate delivery; they can be planted any
, time during the summer. Will be glad to

give varieties and prices upon application.

Ost collection of hundreds of specimens is well
known, having been admired by thousands of
visitors from all parts of the country.

Bay Trees

Boxwood Never in the history of the Nursery business
has such a magnificent collection of Boxwood
been offered to lovers of beautiful plants.
We have thousands of plants in every shape
and form.

Palms and Other We have an extensive range of greenhouses
Plants for Interior devoted to the cultivation of Palms, Arauca-

5 tias, Aspidistras, Ferns, Dracenas and other
and Exterior Dec- — gecérative plants.

oration

Roses, in Pots We have an exquisite collection in pots for
delivery any time during the summer. These
consist of tree and bush forms, in everbloom-
ing and Hybrid Perpetual varieties.

Plant Tubs We manufacture every shape, style and size.
Give us sketch of shape and state size and we
shall be glad to estimate on your wants.

Our ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 will tell
Me aoe the above and all our other products for Lawns and Gardens.
Ss r it.

VISIT OUR NURSERY

BOBBINK & ATKINS

NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
RUTHERFORD, N. J.

FOUR MONOGRAPHS NOW READY

PRIMERS OF ART

By PROF. EDWIN A. BARBER

OF THE PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART

““As regards American Pottery, Dr. Barber writes
authoritatively, for he has given more attention
to the subject than probably any other Amer-
ican.”’— New York Evening Post.

Lead Glazed Pottery — contains the Sgrafhto (or Incised) Pottery, Slip-
decorated (or Slip-painted) Pottery and Modeled (or Molded) eee
based on the latest discoveries.

Tin Enameled Pottery — includes the Maiolica of Italy, Spain and
Mexico; Delft wares of Holland and England, and Stanniferous
Faience of France, Germany and other European Countries. The
“Talavera’’ ware of Mexico is here treated for the first time and forms
a valuable addition to ceramic literature.

Salt Glazed Stoneware — includes the ancient wares of Germany and the
Low Countries, England and the United States, with illustrations of
characteristic examples in American Museums.

Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain—contains the Frit Porcelain ( Pdte
Tendre) of France and other continental countries, England and the
United States; the Table of Marks supersedes all others previously
published.

EACH $1.00 POSTPAID
OTHER PRIMERS IN PREPARATION

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,
133 East 16th Street - New York City

An agricultural “Arabian Nights’?

TheRomancc ofthe Reaper
By HERBERT N. CASSON

Author of ‘‘The Romance of Steel,’ “‘The Great Races of America,” Etc.

HIS book makes clear, for the first time,

why Americans monopolize the harvester
business of the world. It is a wonderful story
| of our most useful business—a medley of
i mechanics, millionaires, kings, inventors and
farmers. 16 pages of photographs.

$1.10 Postpaid

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD’s WORK “ THE GARDEN
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEW YORK.

Jury, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

| oo
| on

;

.

| The
| merican Flower Garden
| By NELITJE BLANCHAN

| Author of ““Nature’s Garden,” “Bird Neighbors,”’ etc.

y|E TAKE pleasure in announcing that, after several years of preparation, “The American Flower
Garden” has now so far progressed that we feel justified in stating definitely that it will be
published in the autumn of 1908.

@ The edition will be limited to 1050 numbered copies and the right is reserved of increasing the
price without notice.

@ Purchasers will be assigned numbers in the order in which their applications are received and each person
will be promptly notified of the number for which he has been entered. ‘The indications are that sub-
scriptions will be received for the entire edition before publication.

@ There has been needed an authoritative work treating the American flower garden, as that famous work
by William Robinson describes the English flower garden. ‘The present book will be less encyclopedic, |

but will cover adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse.

@ The following Table of Contents will indicate the main outline of the work. }
I. Introductory. The Partnership of Nature IX. Evergreens, Flowering and Other Decorative i

and Art Trees t

II. Situation and Design X. Shrubs |

iti, Pose Ceniiens XI. Hardy Perennials |

XII. Annuals |

IV. The Old-fashioned Garden ‘
XIII. Vines

ee a eee arden: XIV. Bulbs and Tuberous-Rooted Plants
; £ te Sargon XV. The Rose Garden

VII. The Rock Garden XVI. The Lawn
VIII. The Water Garden XVII. Garden Furniture

@ Following each chapter there 1s given a list, by Leonard Barron, of the best plants suited to the purposes
described, with clear cultural directions.

@ The pictures will be printed as inserted plates, and will form, it is expected, the best collections ever
attempted in a book about gardens. There will be to plates in full color, and 96 plates of sufficient size
to adequately treat the subjects presented.

@The size of the volume will be 8% x 12 inches, printed on a water-marked paper made especially for

i. Lhe type used is a Caslon old style. The cover design is drawn by T. B. Hapgood.

@ We have prepared a four page circular giving more complete information and containing a sample color
plate and a full page half tone illustration. Both of these plates are worthy of being framed for wall
decorations. Upon request, as indicated in the attached blank, we will take pleasure in sending you this iH
folder for your information.

DousLepay, Pace & Coe
133 Easc Sixteenth Street, New York.

- GENTLEMEN:—Please send me circular of “‘The American Flower Garden” with sample color plate 7
and full page half tone illustration. ie

G. M., 7, ’08

ET gE ES ACR pata et

I sh rchase li k
316 rere seamen SO EKUR IDI WIAG AZINE Juny, 1908

| ocean FARMER, every man who has a country place, every person who has
anything to do with the soil, will find an interesting and readable as well as a

practical guide of agricuiture in

Ghe FARM LIBRARY

FARM MANAGEMENT SOILS: How to Handle and IN PREPARATION

Improve them
FARM EQUIPMENT: Houses
By FRED. W. CARD
z By S. W. FLETCHER Barns, Tools and Planning Home

Covers such matters as the Pur- Fine illustrations $2.20 postpaid Grounds.

chase of Property, the Comparative | FARM ANIMALS ine ga Wheat, Corn, Oats, etc.
RAGE CROPS: H Alf. 5

Values of Crops and Stock, Market- ES Bo W/o NAVIES Os 2 ay EWE) GE
Hoses, Caws, Shean, Swine, eto: FIBRE CROPS: Tobacco, Flax, etc.

ing, Business Forms and Accounts. their care. breeding, rations, diseases, ROOT CROPS AND MISCELLA-
An ideal work showing how farms etc. 63 illustrations. $2.18 postpaid NEOUS

are turned into solid business prop- | COTTON Bes Betas < AND
By CHARLES W. BURKETT and

ositions. C. H. POE FRUITS
62 illustrations $2.20 postpaid 62 illustrations $2.20 postpaid | THE FARM HOME

Doubleday, Page (Q Co., 1355 E. 16th St., New Sork

THE GARDEN LIBRARY

EACH VOLUME PRACTICAL and COMPLETE

These volumes willcover every important

department of fruit, vegetable and flower
gardening from the home point of view.
Not a scientific treatise, but written ina
lively, attractive style. It is the first series
of low-priced hand books on gardening
that has appeared in America. Beauti-
fully illustrated.

PUBLISHED RECENTLY
Water-Lilies and How To Grow Them

By Henri Hus and Henry S. Conard

A practical garden knowledge, with full cultural details,
of the best water-lilies and other aquatics, by America’s
great authority on the family, making of ponds and small
gardens, and all the inside facts about their successful
management. Prepared with the cooperation of James
Gurney of Tower Grove Park, St. Louis, the pioneer
cultivator of this gorgeously flowered family. A book
which will add to the pleasure of all garden lovers.
31 pages of photographs, $1.17 postpard.

OTHER VOLUMES READY:

Lawns and How to Make Them
By Leonard Barron
For the first time the subject of lawn
seed mixtures is set forth and explained.
32 photographs. $1.18 postpaid.

Daffodils—Narcissus and How To
Grow Them By A. M. Kirby
Written from the standpoint of Ameri-
can conditions. I]lustrated from photo-
graphs. $1.17 postpaid.
Roses and How To Grow Them
By Many Experts
In text, practical; in subject and qual-
ity of illustrations, beautiful. $1.18 post-
paid.
Ferns and How To Grow Them
By G. A. Woolson
The growing of hardy ferns, both in
the garden and indoors. $1.18 postpaid.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East 16th St., New York City

= REE RET

Juuy,1908

For the Fresh Air

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Reader

r ‘HERE is not a volume in this list which is not really needed in the particular
is intended.

field of outdoor interest for which it

NAVIGATING THE AIR

Published under the auspices of the Aero Club of

America. Illustrated with remarkable photographs by

many experts. $1.64 postpaid
THE ARAB HORSE

By Spencer Borden. 24 photographs. $1.29 postpaid

The Geographical Library

NEAREST THE POLE

By Robert E. Peary. With a map, frontispiece in
color and many fine photographs. $5.14 postpaid

FIGHTING THE POLAR ICE
By Anthony Fiala. $4.12 postpaid
Very fully illustrated,

THE OPENING OF TIBET

By Perceval Landon. $4.18 postpaid

THE PASSING OF KOREA
By Homer B. Hulbert, A.M., F.R.G.S. $4.18 postpaid

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA
By Dr. W. A. P. Martin $4.14 postpaid

FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE
By C. G. Schillings. $4.19 postpaid
Each very fully illustrated from photographs.

FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
By Beatrice Grimshaw. 64 pages of remarkable
photographs. $3.24 postpaid
THE NEAR EAST

By a friend of the Sultan and King Peter of Servia.
48 pages of photographs. $3.23 postpaid

AMERICAN ANIMALS
By Witmer Stone and Wm. E. Cram. 6 colored paint-
ings and 94 extraordinary photographs from life.
$3.37 postpaid
AMERICAN FOOD AND GAME FISHES
By David Starr Jordan and B. W. Evermann. 10 colored
plates. 100 photographs of live fish in the water, and 200
text cuts. $4.40 postpaid
THE MOTH BOOK
By Dr. W.J. Holland. 48 colored plates and many text
cuts. $4.35 postpaid
THE SHELL BOOK

By Julia E. Rogers. 8 plates in color; 66 pages black
and white from photographs. $4.40 postpaid

The Farm Library

FARM MANAGEMENT
By Professor Fred, W. Card.

SOILS: How to Handle and Improve
Them. By S. W. Fletcher.

FARM ANIMALS: Cows, Horses,
Sheep, Swine, etc. By E. V. Wilcox.
COTTON
By Prof. C.W, Burkett and Clarence H. Poe.

Each copiously illustrated from photographs.
$2.20 postpaid

COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD’s WORK
IN AMERICA =

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

THE REPTILE BOOK

By Raymond L. Ditmars. Illustrated with eight plates

in color and 128 in black and white from photographs,

which excel anything now existing on this subject.
$4.37 postpaid

THE FROG BOOK

By Mary C. Dickerson. 16 plates in color and nearly
300 black and white, from photographs by the author.
. $4.34 postpaid

THE MUSHROOM BOOK

By Nina L. Marshall, 24 colored plates, 24 black and
white and about 100 text cuts. $3.32 postpaid

MOSSES AND LICHENS

By Nina L. Marshall. 32 pages of half-tones, 16 color
plates and 1445 line drawings. $4.43 postpaid

THE TREE BOOK
By Julia E. Rogers. 350 beautiful photographic illus-
trations (16 in color) by A. R. Dugmore. $4.44 postpaid

NATURE’S GARDEN (Wild Flowers)
By Neltje Blanchan. 82 colored plates, 48 black and
white. $3.35 postpaid
WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH
ISLES
By H. Isabel Adams. Illustrated with 75 remarkable
full-page color plates. Boxed $10.38 postpaid
COUNTRY RESIDENCES IN EUROPE
AND AMERICA

By Louis V. Le Moyne. 500 photographs and complete
ground plans of each estate. $8.25 postpaid

COUNTRY HOMES OF FAMOUS
AMERICANS

By Oliver Bronson Capen. Introduction by Thomas
Wentworth Higginson. Profusely illustrated from pho-
tographs. $5.57 postpaid

THE COUNTRY HOUSE

By Chas. Edw. Hooper. A complete manual of house-
building in the country, with 380 photographs and plans.
$3.36 postpaid

TO THE TOP OF THE CONTINENT

By Dr. Fred’k A. Cook. Many photographs and mays.
$2.73 postpaid

THE COMPLETE MOUNTAINEER

By Geo. D. Abraham. %5 photographs,
$5.10 postpaid

The Garden Library

LAWNS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM
By Leonard Barron. Illustrated. $1.18 postpaid

FERNS AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By G. A. Wooison. I)lustrated. $1.17 postpaid

The Garden Library ( Continued)

ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Many Experts. Illustrated. $1.17 postpaid

DAFFODILS— NARCISSUS,
HOW TO GROW THEM

By A. M. Kirby. $1.17 postpaid

AND

WATER-LILIES AND HOW TO
GROW THEM

By H. S. Conard and Henri Hus. $1.17 postpaid

(In Preparation)

VINES AND HOW TO GROW THEM
By Wm. McCollom.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND HOW
TO GROW THEM

By I. L. Powell.

THE FIRST BOOK OF FARMING

By Charles L. Goodrich. 63 pages of photographs.
$1.10 postpaid

DRIVING

By Francis M. Ware. 113 illustrations and very elab-
orate gold binding. $10.38 postpaid

HOW TO PLAN THE HOME GROUNDS

By S. Parsons, Jr. 56 illustrations. $1.10 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FRUIT GARDEN
By S. W. Fletcher. 200 photographs $2.22 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A VEGETABLE
GARDEN

By Edith L. Fullerton. 250 photographs. $2.26 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN

More than 200 photographs. $1.88 postpaid

HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS

By H. D. Hemenway. 10 illustrations from photographs.
31.07 postpaid

THE DOG BOOK

By James Watson.

Mustrated from photo-
graphs, paintings, and
rare engravings. Price
per part. $1.10; | com-
plete,$12.00 subscription.

THE POULTRY
BOOK
Edited by Willis Grant
Johnson and George O.
Brown, with the assist- j
ance of many expert American breeders and the late
Harrison Weir, the great English authority. 36 color
plates and 636 other pictures. One yolume, $7.50
subscription.

A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS
By J. Wilkinson Elliott. 50 illustrations ;
binding, boards. $1.72 postpaid
HOW TO KEEP BEES

By Anna Botsford Comstock. Many phot
graphic illustrations. $1.10 postpai

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

317

Bat

318

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

WHAT ENGLAND CAN TEACH US

The Garden Magazine-Farming has done its
best to expand the interest in gardening, and
with its older sister Country Lije in America has
added, we believe, many recruits to that gentle
art. Mr. Wilhelm Miller, who has been connected
with both these magazines from the first, has
just taken ship to England, which is the home
of large and small gardens, and the place where
everybody hasa garden. He will spenda month
or two in studying the most interesting phases
of English gardening as they may be adapted
to our American purposes. He will cover
with the photographer the most interesting
sides of this subject, not especially the show
places of England, but the garden homes of
the masters of their craft. Further particulars
will be given later.

THE POCKET KIPLING

There has been a persistent demand for an
edition of Mr. Kipling’s works that could be
conveniently carried about. We have begun
the issue of a set of these books in red flexible
leather — books that can be conveniently
slipped into the pocket. ‘“ Kim,” “The Day’s
Work,” and “Plain Tales from the Hills” are
now ready, and are available for those who
like to take old book friends with them. The
new volumes to be added to the pocket edition
during the next few months are as follows:

Jury. Departmental Ditties and Barrack Room

Ballads.

The Light that Failed.
Life’s Handicap. Being Stories of Mine

Own People.

Oct. Many Inventions.
Nov. The Seven Seas.

The price per volume is $1.57 postpaid.
THE LARGE PRINT LIBRARY

The idea of the Large Print Library is at
last making itself known.

Besides the praise of the oculists who always
welcomed it the following extract from a report
of the Book-Buying Committee of the American
Library Association shows that the librarians
see the usefulness of the plan.

“Tove Me Little, Love Me Long — Charles Reade.
The publishers advertise the features of this library,
of which the book above-named is the first volume
as follows: Readable Scotch-face type, high-grade
paper and dignified buckram. Library binding
(with stamped label that won’t come off, silk head
band, muslin casing, and extra sewing on tapes sug-

AUG.
SEPT.

THE-TA

Sar
ECU” OSV

Li
ini

Sl

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to’t with delight.”"—Aztony and Cleopatra

gested by the American Library Association Com-
mittee on Book Binding). The book justifies these
praises, and is an edition warmly to be recommended
for purchase by all libraries. The binding is especially
strong, and the typography is excellent. There is a
good biographical introduction and an adequate
bibliography of the author.”

The price of the volume is $1.50 postpaid.
RUSSIA’S MESSAGE

Perhaps no other non-Russian is_ better
equipped to handle the subject of the spirit
and controlling ideas of the Russian revolution
than Mr. William E. Walling, who is the
author of “ Russia’s Message.” Mr. Walling
has spent the last three years either in Russia,
or among Russian exiles, and has been in close
contact with all the elements of the struggle —
the highest personages of the court, the nobility,
the leaders of the revolutionary parties, the
workingmen and the peasants, and he has
written a complete study of the whole situation.
His book is now ready. $3.25 postpaid.

COMMISSIONS TO OUR REPRESENTATIVES

We have worked out a plan to pay commis-
sions and salary to our representatives, and we
would be very happy indeed to send details to
those interested. College students will prob-
ably find this arrangement exceptionally ad-
vantageous, and those of our readers who know
of energetic and ambitious young people would
help them and us by sending their names to
our Circulation Department.

Our plan of offering form letters to such of
our subscribers as wish to make pocket money
by securing new subscribers to our various
magazines has been successful in many instances,
and we will be glad indeed to hear from others
who wish to try the same idea. This is the
season to get subscribers for The Garden
Magazine-Farming and Country Lije in
America.

BOXES FOR COLLECTORS

We have some mahogany boxes for collections
of various kinds, photographs, butterflies,
shells, etc., and we had too many of them
manufactured for us. They are of solid ma-
hogany, and made with great care and exquisite
workmanship. To sell out what remains of
the stock, we offer them at half of what they
cost. ‘They will be carefully packed in a pine

outside covering, but at this price, we must
ask the customer to pay the express charges,

K- OF-THE - OFFICE:

o
Saas | ||| | Ntenaersyaeong)
roa iNe A VN O2eAn) RISA SB
A si = LOTR Teen kos x

p EM

Juuy, 1908

which will be perhaps fifty cents, or less this
side of Chicago. Size, inside dimensions 204 x
16 inches, and 14 inches deep, wood 4 inch
thick. The price is $2.50, express not prepaid.

THE EVERY

CHILD SHOULD KNOW LIBRARY

For several years we have been preparing
a library of books on subjects that every child
should know, and we think we have developed
a set of books that should prove to be the most
popular that have been ever issued for young
people. We have now prepared the volumes
in uniform cloth binding, with reinforced back,
to make them strong and durable. The set is
just the thing for a gift to form a nucleus of a
good library. Here isa list of the titles:

Legends Every Child Should Know.
Myths Every Child Should Know.

Fairy Tales Every Child Should Know.
Stories Every Child Should Know.

Water Wonders Every Child Should Know.
Birds Every Child Should Know.

Songs Every Child Should Know.

Hymns Every Child Should Know.

Poems Every Child Should Know.

Heroes Every Child Should Know.

We rely entirely upon the merits of these
books, and will gladly send them for inspection
to anyone who may be interested, and would
like to see the books before purchasing.

DovuBLepAy, PAGE & Company,
133 East 16th Street, New York

Please send the Every Child Should Know
Library to me for inspection, express paid. It
is understood that if these are not suitable,
they can be returned without expense to me.

Names «oo ..3 60s oni noe eee ees

ACGTESS:.o! 5 walls ait ae a eee

ie ir a

Jury. 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

CovER DEsSIGN—Single Roses ;
PAGE
How To Srr A NEw KiInD OF FLOWERSHOW . . . . 321
Photograph by Nathan R. Graves

Jorn THE “ROADSIDE GARDENINGCLUB” Now ThomasMcAdam — 322
Photographs by L. Barron, H. E. Angell, and others
GARDEN Toots THAT REALLY HEtp, IV ree IGN an, 95327:
Photographs by the author and Henry Troth
Home-Grown CAvLiFLOWERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND
E. D. Darlington 326
Photographs by N. R. Graves, H. B: Fullerton and others
Four PLANS FoR A 50x 150 Fr. Lor Him Cwcibles 228
Trees THAT ARE LOVED FoR THEIR FLtowers P. J. Berckmans — 330
Photographs by’N. R. Graves, A. R. Dugmore and others
THE Best FERNS FOR THE DWELLING Rooms IP, I IBOTAGES BR
Photographs by L. Barron and N. R. Graves

THE OUTLAWED SPIREAS AND THEIR KIN W.E. Pendleton 335
Photographs by N. R. Graves and A. R. Dugmore

THE Two ANNUAL LARKSPURS , «WS Ae 337
Miap-SuMMER WorRK IN THE GARDEN Thomas J. Steed — 337
House PLANTS IN SUMMER... EeAVNGAG. 2 = 337

Photograph by H. E. Angell

Nathan R. Graves

SUBSCRIPTION:
One dollar a year

Single Copies 15¢ F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

Our Ameren teeSuramer Catalogue

Will be ready for mailing in July and will contain a full list of

Fall Bulbs

At Import Prices

Pot Grown Strawberry Plants

That will produce luscious berries next summer. A list of nearly five hundred

Perennial Seeds

That can be grown this year and that will flower next—with full
cultural directions as to sowing, and other valuable information. _ Besides
the above our catalogue will contain descriptions of other seeds, etc., for
summer planting.

This Valuable Catalogue

Will be mailed free to all who will write and mention this magazine.

_ ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman

342 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY

WILHELM MILLER, Epitor.—Copyricut, 1908, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
WALTER H. PAGE, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents

PAGE

Ways To UritizeE Rose PETALS S.K. Underwood 338
To Make THE RAMBLERS FLOWER eee TD oo gie mses
Photographs by the author

Way You SHOULD Sow AN OUNCE OF Rock Cress Now
Thomas McAdam 340
Photographs by N. R. Graves and H. E. Angell
GARDEN WORK IN JULY . eet by iy’ ae are ey 8 aS
How I SuccEED WITH SHIRLEY POPPIE . Kay K. Mechling 342
Photographs by A. R. Dugmore and N. R. Graves
SELF-SOWN Poppies A Morris Motz 342
ORNAMENTAL FRUITS OF JULY. . Aljred Rehder 3.44
"Photograph by Nathan R. Graves
PLANT GLADIOLUS Now ; . Lillie K.Jennison 348
Photographs by the author
A SimpLe Way To Have CLEAN BERRIES W.-M. (350
Photograph by H. E. Angell
SuMMER Dairy MARKET Ae 5 EB a Sane
OLDEsT FLOWERS IN CULTIVATION.—IV., THE CoRN Poppy
Thomas McAdam 354
Photograph by J. P. Troy
MET Se LON TEAS MC ONTIER) coe 95 tows hy yeni Mariela cont sin) a eS
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320 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

COPYRIGHT 1800 BY THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, CINCINNATI

What does a man know about such things?

All he sees is a pretty girl in a pretty gown.

How much of the beauty of the girl is due to the beauty of the gown, he does not
know—but the girl does.

She knows that the gown she wears, on a midsummer evening, should be as soft as
eider down; as light as air; and as clean as only Ivory Soap can make it.

So true is this that, if she be wise, she will personally supervise the laundering of her
summer dresses. She will tell the laundress just how she wants them washed—with Ivory
Soap and lukewarm water; how ironed; how folded and put away. All this takes a little
time and trouble; but it is worth while.

Perhaps you would like to know why Ivory Soap should be used for such a purpose as that just mentioned. The
reasons are: Itis pure. There is no ‘‘free” alkali in it—no coloring matter—no harmful ingredient of any kind.
Ivory is the safest soap there is; and, because of that fact, it is equally adapted for bath, toilet and fine laundry use.

Ivory Soap 30606 8 6 ee bs 99 icc Per, Gent anne:

.

Mee (Gsarden Magazine

VoL. VII—No. 6 ;

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

JULY, 1908

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

How to See a New Kind of
Flower Show

HE editor of the GARDEN MAGAZINE
invites you to attend a display of his
favorite flower — the Japan iris, which will be
in perfection during the latter half of June
in the Middle States and early in July in the
North.

The Japan iris sometimes bears flowers
a foot across. Any beginner can have
flowers averaging six inches across without
special care. They are “as hardy as apple
trees and as easy to grow as potatoes.” And
they have a wonderful range of colors.

The chances are too to 1 that you are
prejudiced against them simply because

you have heard that they need more water

than ordinary garden plants. That notion
is all wrong. We saw hundreds of eight-
inch irises in ordinary hardy borders last
year. Everybody has heard half the truth,
viz., that these irises are grown in the wet rice
fields of Japan; but nobody seems to have
heard the other half, viz., that these rice
fields are dry in winter. A young Japanese
iris can no more endure wet feet in winter
than any other decent garden plant.

It is true that you get the biggest flowers
if you water them generously during June,
but the notion that they require more water
than other hardy perennials is probably
the main reason why this gorgeous flower
is not found in every garden in the country,
for we believe it is the best hardy peren-
nial flower of July. Certainly it is the
largest.

We prophecy that in ten years the words
“Japan iris” will be in the mouth of every
person in America, just as ten years ago
everyone was talking about the chrysanthe-
mum, but with this important difference:
The Japan iris is not a mere show flower to
be grown for us by florists; we can have the

§ ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY

pleasure of growing it ourselves and have
plenty to give away! ;

While the Japan iris is all right for home
decoration, it cannot stand shipment unless
specially handled. To revel in its colors you
must see the growing plants outdoors. They
are such as no catalogue can give you any
conception of and moreover the names are
all mixed up — worse even than the peony
names. Some day we “iris cranks” are
going to have an iris society and straighten
out all those names. Meanwhile the best
thing anyone can do is to write now and
find out where the nearest large collection
of Japan iris can be seen.

There are hundreds of names, but few
nurserymen keep more than fifty kinds.
It is worth traveling a hundred miles to see
twenty-five varieties. Few private collec-
tions contain more kinds than this. If you
do not know any
near you write the
editor of the GAR-
DEN MAGAZINE,
enclosing a_ self
addressed envel-
ope for reply. We
may have to send
you to a nursery-
man, but it will
be with the under-
standing that you
will not be solici-
ted for orders.

If, however,
you want to buy
any Japan iris,
the best thing you
can do is to see
the very thing you
are buying, for
then you have
some assurance of
getting what you
want. And it is
a remarkable fact
about Japan iris
that you can have
your plants deliv-
ered a week or
two after they
have passed out
of bloom. Many
people believe
that you get more
and better flowers
from either Jap-
anese or German
iris by dividing
the plants as soon
as possible after_
flowering.

However that

may be, there can be no question that
the only time to order Japan irises intelli-
gently is when they are in bloom.

If you wish to make a pilgrimage to the
Japan iris this year there is no time to lose,
for you must ask somebody for permission
to see his collection or give some nursery-
man sufficient notice so that he can tell
you what will be the best day to see the
flowers.

The most important flowers from the mid-
dle of June to the middle of July are rhodo-
dendrons, larkspurs, and hollyhocks; the
most important fruits are strawberries, cher-
ries, plums, and raspberries. If you wish to
see a large collection of any of these, and do
not know the nearest good one, write to the
Readers’ Service Department, enclosing a
stamped, self-addressed envelope for reply

For a list of July chores see page 340.

The glorious Japan iris which has flowers eight to twelve inches across and a
splendid range of color. It is perfectly hardy and easy to srow

Plant native vines on the walls and fences that line the roadside everywhere
This shows the Japanese clematis

in the country.

72S

resi eaters

Native asters fringing a driveway; a great improvement of roadsides that can
be made by planting one large colony of a hardy perennial herb

Join the “Roadside Gardening Club’? Now — By Thomas McAdam, .,
=

A NEW FRATERNITY THAT HAS NEITHER DUES NOR OFFICERS AND ONLY ONE AIM, VIZ., TO MAKE
EVERY FOOT OF YOUR DAILY WALK OR DRIVE DELIGHTFUL THE YEAR ROUND WITHOUT EXPENSE

[* YOU are a country or suburban
dweller, let me introduce ‘you to a
new kind of gardening which will cost
nothing, which you can begin right now,
and which, I guarantee, will yield you more
pleasure, for the time and effort expended,
than anything you have ever done before.
The name of this new type of floriculture is
“roadside wild gardening.” It requires
no state or county aid. There will be no
balky committees or exasperating red tape.

Tansy, example of perennials which multiply

rapidly, escape from gardens and are suitable for
roadsides

The sole object is to make every foot of your
daily walk or drive a joy the year round
without expense, without violating nature
and without infringing on anyone’s rights.

But first let me tell you how I got fighting
mad one morning about the’ middle of June.
It was a long half mile I had to walk daily
from home to station, but every step of the
way was interesting. The charm of that
walk was one reason why I moved to that
suburb. Never before had I experienced
that feeling of the growth of the year which
you can enjoy to the full only when you
stay at one place and have a perfect proces-
sion of wild flowers to watch. My first year
at E I shall always remember as
the year when nature seemed to grow
eighteen crops of flowers on the same ground.
For that was the first time I noticed that
one kind of flower seemed to dominate the
whole roadside for about ten days, then
another, and so on—say three flowers a
month for six months. I shall never forget
how these woods appeared when spring
beauties carpeted the ground with myriads
of starry white blossoms; or the thousands
of wild geraniums with their crude crimson
pink transmuted by the long afternoon
shadows; or the daisies which we started
early to pick for the city children at the
suggestion of Jacob Riis; or the exquisite
queen’s lace handkerchief, prosaically
known as wild carrot; or the brown-eyed
Susan, divinely appointed to mark the flood-
tide of the year. Their order I cannot
remember, but each of the following reigned
supreme for its brief period along that high-
way: orchard grass, sumach, tansy, milk-
weed, yarrow, Joe Pyeweed, goldenrod,
sunflower, ironweed and asters; while after

322

the flowers and foliage were gone bayberry
leaves furnished warm bronzes and purples
through November and the bitter-sweet’s
red berries were a comfort all winter.

Alas, the second year something happened.
That fatal morning in June I saw all this
beauty killed. A man was mowing every-
thing down with a brush scythe. I
questioned him. He wasa laborer employed
by some township officer whose only idea

Goldenrod gets nearly all the blame for hay

fever, but is innocent. The real villain is ragweed

(Ambrosia artemisicfolia)

Juuy, 1908

seemed to be neatness. The banks of a
roadway ought to be grass, he said. Any-
thing else was weeds. So he cut down
everything I valued and left the only thing
that was really troublesome — the poison
ivy on the fences. That evening I spent
over my nursery catalogues. Twelve of
those eighteen wayside “weeds” I could
buy, but to replace them in the same
quantity would cost $2,000!

I don’t mean to say that this ignorant
laborer absolutely destroyed $2,000 worth
of property. Fortunately, the most ap-
propriate plants for roadsides are long-
lived and will spring up again after such
disasters. But in a single day one may
destroy that much beauty for that season.
And nobody seemed to care but me.

But surely there are many others who care
for roadside beauty. Joseph Parsons does,
because he is tree warden in the country
about Lakeville, Connecticut, on the
magnificent salary of $75 a year, all of which
he spends for trees to line those roadways
where the hot sun beats down in mid-
summer on man and beast. He cares
enough, also, to’ raise trees from seeds in a
little home nursery, just as you or I could do
in any backyard, and in seven years he has set
out many seedling trees higher than a man.

Come now, don’t you think everybody
of refinement cares about the mellow, old
roadsides of New England with their
arching elms, vine-covered stone walls,
endless succession of bushes and occasional
colonies of robust wayside weeds or flowers
that have escaped from gardens?

Weeds? Let me tell you that there is
no other subject in the world that people
have so distorted out of all true relation to
life. Whenever an experiment station has
all its scientists dismissed and their places

Toadflax, or butter-and-eggs. Example of the
homely wayside flowers that are most beautiful in
large, permanent colonies

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Some ferns are sun-loving. Here is a colony of
one of them

taken by politicians, it begins to issue
bulletins on weeds. Yet everybody knows
that rotation of crops will knock out
practically every one and a little gumption
will finish the rest. There is not a single
weed that any first class farmer need really
fear. And it is the irony of fate that those
who ought to extract the most pleasure from
the simple beauty of homely, every-day
scenes rarely do. The person who has only
one viewpoint toward weeds is a_ blind,
imprisoned soul. Every weed, no matter
how humble, hasits poetic moment. Usually,
of course, this is when it flowers, but
milkweed is a poem when its downy seeds
sail like so many parachutes, and the silvery
rosettes of mullein leaves are a joy through-
out the growing season.

What weeds, then, would I destroy
if I were roadmaster for the universe?
Precious few. Wouldn’t the farmers
complain? Oh, yes, but they are n’t serious
about it. If they were, they could cut down
the weeds along their roadside just after
flowering, in less time than it takes to
grumble. The farmer’s grumbling about
weeds is only a part of the unconscious
humor of country life. The only weeds
I have ever seen in country-like suburbs
that a township or village ought to spend its
money on are poison ivy, because it causes
a very few people great suffering; nettles,
which sting the unwary; and ragweed
(Ambrosia artemisie folia), which is the
commonest source of hay fever, as has been
proved many times, while goldenrod, which
gets all the blame, is quite innocent.

If Mr. Carnegie should give the Roadside
Gardening Club a million dollars to beautify
the country roads of America, how much do
you suppose we would spend on garden
plants such as roses, snowballs, peonies,
tulips and the like? Not one cent. Why?
One reason is that most garden flowers
could not be bought cheaply enough, or
they would require care after planting or
would be overwhelmed by enemies. But
these practical objections, we “wild gar-
deners” believe, are of no importance. The
vital fact is that gardenesque flowers can
never be appropriate along country road-
sides. Golden-leaved elder and _purple-
leaved barberry can never harmonize with
our landscape. We do not want any double
flowers there or any that have been pro-
foundly modified by man. Even if we could
afford them we would not plant them.

323

But we would spend half of that million
dollars on native trees, shrubs, vines, and
perennials. The other half, I fancy, we
should spend in advertising the beauty
of native plants, so that people would not
merely keep others from destroying what
roadside beauty we have, but would gather
and sow seeds, transplant vines, and move
to the roadsides trees, bushes, and perennials
that can be had for nothing but the labor
of our own hands.

All we ask is that in your leisure time this
year you spend the equivalent of one day’s
time in beautifying one portion of the road-
way that you use daily. You can become a
member of the Roadside Gardening Club:
if you move one native tree to the roadside,.
or three bushes or six vines or two dozen
perennials of one kind, or sow one ounce
of seeds in such a way as to form a
permanent, self-supporting colony. If you
will write me (who am not an officer but just
an humble scrivener) that you ‘“‘ would like
to be enrolled among the elect” I will send
you without charge any interesting news
or help I get; tell you the Latin names of any
of the plants mentioned below and where
you can see pictures of them; explain how
you can get seeds of native plants cheaply
by the ounce or pound; and show how you
can get plants in quantity of any desirable
variety that has been exterminated from
your neighborhood.

In return I ask two favors; first, that you
send me a stamped, self-addressed envelope
for reply; second, that you send me for
publication any photographs that will help
the cause, preferably a picture showing a
colony established by yourself.

Bouncing Bet, example of roadside “‘“weeds”’
that are too coarse for gardens but are harmless
and appropriate for roadsides

524

Shadbush, a native tree that can be transplanted
when small to the roadside at no expense

Let us not buy “mixed annuals for wild
gardening” from the seedsmen, because
they are only counter sweepings and include
all sorts of common garden flowers, like
sweet peas, nasturtiums, marigolds, poppies,
etc., which would be most inappropriate.

Let us not move wild flowers from the
shady woods to the sunny roadside, for they
will die.

Let us not plant anything that people will
want to pick.

The best vines for roadsides are: Virginia
creeper for its brilliant autumn foliage;
wild grape for its fragrant blossoms and
pretty small berries; trumpet creeper for
its large orange blossoms which attract the
humming birds; wild honeysuckle for
fragrance; wild clematis for its clouds of
white flowers and silky seeds; and _ bitter-
sweet for its red berries that last all winter.

The following shrubs will furnish flowers
from March to September in the order
named: Spice bush, redbud, sheepberry,
red berried elder, false indigo, sumach,
Hercules club, witch hazel.

The best tree, in my opinion, which you

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

can get for nothing and move to the roadside
is the pin oak, for you can move large
specimens in the fall, cut off all the branches,
and in one year they will make a surprising
growth. Oaks are long-lived. Elms have
too many enemies and silver maples are
short-lived. One kind of tree makes a
more beautiful roadway than many.

The following perennials are easily
obtained because they multiply so fast in
gardens that everybody has some to give
away: Boltonia, bee balm, sneezeweed,
New England aster, perennial sunflower,
spiderwort, sweet rocket, mint, thyme. All
are native or naturalized.

Escaped from gardens are big colonies of
orange day lilies, star of Bethlehem, sweet
rocket, etc. Why not divide the plants
where they are thickest and start a new
colony a mile or so away?

Won’t you gather the seeds of some
roadside flower and sow them broadcast
where they will do the most good? Or
make a little seedbed for them and transplant
lusty clumps to the spot where they will
give you the greatest pleasure on your way
home every night? Why not try berries
of shrubs also, e. g., bayberry and elder?

To make the roadside fragrant, can’t
you get a lot of lilac suckers from some
deserted dwelling and set out a row a hundred
feet long beside the road?

Have n’t you some thyme, mint or balm
to plant at corners where it will flood the air
with fragrance when you brush against it?
Won’t you move some sweet fern or wild
grape this fall? Or gather seeds of sweet
clover this summer?

To cover raw banks, can’t you get willows,
red-twigged dogwood, coltsfoot, or any
rampant vines that will keep the earth from
slipping ?

To screen unsightly places won’t you
buy an ounce or pound of sunflower seed,
wild cucumber, morning glory? And plant
some permanent vines also?

To glorify the wet spot along the road
won’t you move from a similar but more
favored locality one colony of any of the
following: Marsh marigold, wild hellebore,
marshmallow, blue flag, sweet flag, tall blue
lobelia, watercress, swamp milkweed, purple
loosestrife? Or transplant six bushes of
winterberry, highbush blueberry or sweet
pepperbushe Or sow three ounces of
forget-me-not seed ?

Juuy, 1908

To make the shady places lovely, can’t
you move a colony of ferns or wild flowers?
Or if the ground is very poor and the shade
dense can’t you carpet it with speedwell,
moneywort, or ground ivy?

To make the long winter walk enjoyable
why not plant catbrier for its vivid green
stems, brambles for their purple canes,
red-twigged dogwood, silky dogwood, swamp
dewberry for its bronzy leaves, yellow willow,
and bittersweet, winterberry or cranberry
bush for their red berries?

In June or July you can move almost any
vines or perennials to the roadside if you
will get all the roots you can, water freely,
cut back a little and shade for a few days.
You can rig up some kind of a cover for

Alternate-leaved dogwood, one of the many
native shrubs that should be allowed to grow in
fence corners

them with boxes or old clothes. People
will stare, but all the better. Tell them all
about it and they will go and do likewise.

In wet and shady places plants can be
successfully moved all summer.

You can mark and note colonies of peren-
nials to be transplanted in September, and
shrubs and trees for moving as soon as the
leaves fall.

You can sow seeds of some perennials,
e. g., sweet rocket, in an outdoor seedbed,
and move a big colony later.

Garden Tools That Really Help, [V.—By J. L. Kayan, vy

WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE WELL-BUILT APPLIANCES AND HOW THEIR EFFICIENCY IS HINDERED BY
INATTENTION TO SMALL DETAILS AND LACK OF CLEANLINESS— HOW TO MAKE YOUR TOOLS ENDURE

cS THE previous articles I have ex-
plained how the different tools are
fitted to different purposes, each one hay-
ing its own special use. But there is
one other point which is often overlooked
in the selection of tools. Tools vary in
strength and are of different qualities. I
wish to emphasize very strongly that only

the best tool is good enough to use. It may
cost a little more in the first place; the
difference is trifling, however, and the extra
expenditure will more than pay for itself
in the added convenience and efficiency.
Work is done most quickly with a good
quality, well-made tool, and the points to
be looked for are the reinforcement and

strength of the blade or working part, and
the method of fastening to the handle.

In the accompanying illustrations I have
endeavored to show certain differences of
strength. For instance, in Fig. 2, various

-methods of construction are illustrated.

The cheapest kind of planting trowel made
is seen at e. The blade and shank of

4

Jury, 1908

this tool are struck
from one piece
of sheet metal and
consequently lack
strength. A blade
made of sheet metal
riveted to a cast
malleable iron
shank is shown
at fj, and while
it has more strength
than the former
type, it is still struc-
turally weak, for
the blade is necessa-
rily of one thickness
all over and is weak
at the centre and 1. All forks or spades
Bei chose con. aes Sey ae
nection. It iS alsO the strap ferrule, /
likely to tear out the

rivets. These trowels are not made for
_hard use.

At g a first-class trowel is shown, the
shank and blade being forged of one piece
of steel. The blade is thin at the edge,
gradually thickening toward the centre
where is has decided solidity and is also
heavy at its junction to the shank. This
tool will outlast a great number of sheet
metal ones and costs very little more.

In connecting the wooden handle to the
blade, there are two styles. These are
shown at 7 (shank connection) and at k
(socket connection).

The plain shank and ferrule are shown
at 7; a hole is bored in the end of the handle
' and the shank driven in, the ferrule being
placed on the end of the handle to prevent
splitting under the strain of use. In the
other method the shank is formed into a
hollow cone or socket, into which the handle
is fitted, being driven in firmly and a screw
or nail is put through a hole in the socket,
and into the handle to hold it in place.
The socket connection prevents the possi-
bility of the handle splitting at its junction
with the shank; and moreover, should the
handle break by accident, anyone can fit
a new handle to the socket, especially if
the old handle is used as a guide, while it
is quite a hard task to fit a ferrule on a new
handle so it will stay.

The cheapest and poorest forms of connect-

2. The way of joining the tool to the handle
greatly affects its strength. The best forms are
shown at g, j, and k. Well made tools are worth
their extra cost

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ing the shank to the blade are illustrated at h.
The shank is usually cast malleable iron and
is made with either socket or shank connect-
tion; the blade is a piece of sheet metal
riveted to the shank, which extends down
on the back of the blade. ‘This has several
faults: the shank must be heavier than if
forged; the blade is one unifcrm thickness,
so is weak unless made too heavy for use;
it is able to tear out at the rivets; when
in use the soil lodges around the rivet heads
and shank, making it hard to keep clean.

The shank should extend down the back
of the blade in the form of a rib, to stiffen
the blade which is heavier at its junction
to the rib and tapers to the thinner edges.
The shank and blade of the hoe at 7 are
forged of one piece and can be had with
either socket or shank connection. All the
hoes described in ‘THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
for last April can be purchased with socket
connection excepting scuffle hoe No. ro.

A first quality spading fork or fork or shovel
of any kind is made with a strap ferrule
as shown at / in Fig. 1. The ferrule is
continued in one piece part way up the
handle in the form of two straps, which are
riveted through it. As can be readily seen,
this adds much strength to the handle. If
constructed with a short ferrule as at m
the handle is very liable to break at the top
of the ferrule.

There is little to be said about rakes as
they are not designed for very heavy work.
The cheapest forms of straight shank and
bow brace rakes are made of cast malleable
iron, but all full bow garden rakes are made
of forged steel only, and are connected to the
handle with shank and ferrule.

Tool handles should be straight grained
white ash; other woods are often used, but I
urge the reader not to buy anything but ash.
See that they are straight grained and elastic,
but stout enough to have very little spring.
White ash is a hard, not spongy wood.

THE CARE OF TOOLS

I have seen so many people trying to
work with rusty tools that I want to emphas-
ize the fact that the ease of handling and the
perfection of work done by bright tools
more than repays the slight attention nec-
essary to keep them bright. A new tool
is quite bright— keep it so! If the other
tools are rusty, scrape and grind them or
polish with emery. Of course, the soil will
grind the rust off the hoe when it is used;
but this polish will extend but an inch or
more up the blade and the labor consumed
in doing this polishing should have been
expended in pulverising the soil. The entire
blade of a hoe and all tools used for working
the soil should have a bright polish. The
soil sticks to the rusty portion of the blade,
preventing the proper working of the tool,
and moreover, the scil in falling off is thrown
over the plants, smothering the small ones.

If the parts of a wheel hoe are rusty, the
soil piles up on the hoes or cultivator teeth
instead of sliding over them, and, falling on
small plants, smothers them. That is
the explanation of the complaint that the

325

wheel hoe could not be used for small plants.
With bright tools and short strokes it will
do the work properly.

Keep your tools bright by never allowing
them to accumulate rust. Do not lay aside
any tool for even a few minutes unless you
first wipe it dry with the fingers and palm
of the hand. If you fail to do this the sur-
face will oxidize, showing dark spots — the
first stage of rust—on the bright surface.

When through with a tool wipe the blade
of the hoe or tines of the fork dry, oil, and
put away under cover. Any heavy oil,
tallow or cosmoline will do for this purpose,
provided it does not have salt in it. A
convenient way is to put a small quantity
in a tin box (a baking powder tin will do),
place a brush or piece of waste in the box
and keep it at hand in the tool house, and
use it every time that a tool is put away.
Every gardener ought to have a tool house
or closet, devoted only to the tools.

All metal parts that do not come in con-

83. Keep your tool outfit in a protected place; clean
everything after use and oil all bright parts

tact with the scil need a coat of good paint
—this refers to shanks, ferrules, rake and
fork, heads, etc. The paint will prevent
rusting and save time in cleaning.

The handles need attention as well as
the blades. Give a coat of linseed oil
about once a year. Allow this to dry
in befere the tool is used. This treatment
will make the handles moisture proof,
they will wear smooth, and will not splinter.

Cutting tools need sharpening; they work
better and easier then. ‘This applies espe-
cially to hoes, which are sharpened on the
underside or back of the blade with a
rounding bevel. The wear comes on this
side and tools sharpened this way will keep
in good condition with very little attention.
Do not give a straight bevel as to a chisel,
for the fine edge thus produced soon dulls,
and, moreover, the tool will not work any
easier in the first place.

;
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b

The early dwarf types are the best for the home garden, The seed is expensive, but more sure to give heads. Dry Weather a good ali round kind for the amateur

Home-grown Cauliflowers All the Y ear Round—By E. D. Darlington, "2

THE FACTORS THAT GOVERN QUALITY IN THIS MOST ELUSIVE MEMBER OF THE CABBAGE FAMILY, AND HOW
TO SELECT VARIETIES TO SUIT YOUR PECULIAR CONDITIONS FOR A SUCCESSION OF SNOWY WHITE HEADS

AULIFLOWER is the most highly
appreciated and most delicately fla-
vored of all the great cabbage family, and
is generally regarded as being the most diffi-
cult to grow. This idea is somewhat erroneous
—good cauliflower can be grown quite
easily if the soil and climatic conditions are
favorable, but it is not a crop that can be
grown equally well in all regions. It likes
a cooler temperature than is found in most
sections of the country, and it also revels
in an abundant supply of moisture during
the summer and early fall months. ‘These
ideal conditions are met with on Long
Island and also in the valleys of the Pacific
Coast, in both of which regions a moisture-
laden atmosphere (as a result of the nearness
of the sea) and deep, loose soil are found.
Cauliflower is therefore essentially a local
crop, commercially speaking, but the soil
requirements can be provided in nearly
every garden. I have been growing cauli-
flower for thirty years; the soil is a heavy
loam retentive of moisture and has been

“made rich by heavy manuring and turning

under green cover crops in the spring.

The secret of a good cauliflower — one
that combines tenderness and delicacy of
flavor —is continuous rapid growth, which
can only occur where the soil is sufficiently
deep to hold a proper supply of moisture.
The ideal cauliflower is one that has a
properly blanched “curd” of snowy white-
ness, even, uniform texture, and the absence
of small green leaves sprouting between the
sections comprising the head. This last
condition has been attained by the careful
selection of the best heads for seed purposes,
and there are great differences in the various
strains that are offered in the trade. The
highest type is necessarily expensive, and
if you would have the best cauliflowers you
must buy the best seed even if it does cost
five dollars an ounce.

The critical time for cutting the head is
when it has reached its full size, but before
the curd shows any separation, which
indicates the starting of the flower shoots.

326

Heads that remain on the plant after this
time show a sort of granulated appearance
and a slight discoloration. The idea that
any poor sort of head is suitable for pickling
is misleading. One that is not good enough
for the table is not yood enough to pickle,
although the better portions of damaged
heads may, of course, be used. A dis-
colored, tough, or inferior head will make
a dark colored, poor pickle.

Varieties or strains of cauliflower have been
divided by selection into two types, the early
and the late. ‘The seed of the first or dwarf
type is produced in cold, northern sections
— the further north, the earlier and dwarfer
is the strain. Seed of this is the most expen-
sive because the crop is produced under
practically garden conditions. Seed of the
later, larger kinds is produced in a warmer
climate and is comparatively cheap. But
the late varieties take a long season for
growth, they occupy as much space as the

largest cabbages, and there is some uncer- |

tainty as to their ever heading. The home

ast, ia

JuLy, 1908

gardener should plant the extra early dwarf
sorts of the Early Dwarf Erfurt type.

The outdoor crop of cauliflower matures
from July until the middle of November
from seed started in heat in the spring.
In the South early varieties are started
in the fall. They make good growth during
the cool winter months and mature in the
early spring; but the very finest quality of
all is possibly only to those who have cool
greenhouses or coldframes, the crops being
grown respectively during winter or early
in the spring.

FOR THE HOME GARDEN

Early in the spring, as soon as the days
are bright and sunny (or when the red maples
are in flower,) I sow a packet of seed of one
of the special extra early varieties in a
coldframe. As the seed costs twenty-five
cents for a small packet it is handled care-
fully. The soil, is a light rich compost, and
the seed is sown quite thinly in shallow
drills four inches apart and covered one-
half inch with finely sifted soil, pressed
down firmly on the seed. A light sprinkling
with tepid water is then given, and the bed
covered with glass sash. Watch closely
to see that the soil does not become dry or
baked... A sprinkling of water at frequent
intervals, when the soil becomes slightly dry,
is much better for this early spring seed-
bed than a heavy watering at any one time;
it does not cool the soil so much, nor is
the light watering at frequent intervals as
likely to cause the seed to rot in the soil
during dull cloudy weather.

When the young seedlings appear above
the ground give plenty of fresh air, entirely
removing the sash on bright sunny days.
A sturdy well grown plant is much more
likely to produce a fine head than one that
is weak and drawn from being coddled in
too warm a seed-bed or from crowding.

I aim to sow the seed so thinly that the
young plants will stand fully one inch or
more apart in the rows, but it is somewhat
difficult to accomplish and the seedlings are
thinned when they show one or two true
leaves. Four inches space between the rows
in the bed permits stirring the soil between
the rows with a small scratcher or weeder
after the young plants start into growth.
Keeping the soil loose and fine, not only
promotes the best growth in the plants, but
allows the soil to dry out more evenly.

The best flayor in cauliflower is had from green-
house or frame crops in early spring

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

As soon as the head shows, tie the leaves over it
to get sound, white curd

If the surface soil becomes crusted it dries
out very quickly and the young plants are
apt to “damp” or rot in the seed-bed.

When three to four true leaves are devel-
oped the spring will be well advanced, and
the sash should be removed from the seed-
bed. The plants are ready for setting out
as soon as the ground can be properly pre-
pared, which will be about the time the
maple trees are well in leaf or when the
cherry trees are in bloom.

_ Where it is not convenient to give the
plants this early start in a glass-covered bed
or for a fall supply, the plants can be grown
in an open air seed-bed from sowings made
at any time after the maples are well in leaf
until about the middle of June. These
open air seed beds will require attention
in protecting the young seedlings from the
small black fly, but have the advantage of
producing naturally a dwarf, stocky plant
if the seed is not sown too thickly.

My garden is laid off in rows three feet
apart after plowing and harrowing in the
spring, and I find that one or two rows a
hundred feet long, set with good plants in
the spring, give us all the cauliflowers the
family can eat or pickle and also a number
for sale at intervals. The rows are marked
out with a hand-plow and the young plants
carefully set with a trowel, two feet apart
in the row, pressing fine soil firmly about
the plant. As soon as they start into growth
or when the roots take hold in the soil, they
are hoed and the horse-cultivator is kept
constantly going between the rows at least
once a week when the soil is sufficiently dry
to crumble into a fine loose condition.
Frequent working not only keeps down
weeds, but greatly promotes the growth of
the plants, and the drier the season the more
frequent the cultivation.

If the ground is dry at setting time the

327

holes are first filled with water, and the
plants are set in the moistened soil and the
dry surface soil drawn up around the stems.
This may seem a good deal of trouble, but
it gives big returns, securing satisfactory
results even if the season and surrounding
conditions are unfavorable.

In large field plantings the plants are
usually set four to four and a half feet apart
each way and the soil frequently cultivated
in both directions. Market growers also use
very large quantities of high-grade commer-
cial fertilizer (frequently as muchas fifteen
hundred pounds per acre). About one-
half of this is put on and harrowed in when
preparing the field for planting and the
balance is put on at intervals as the plants
increase in size by spreading it on the soil
about the stalks to be worked into the ground
with the hoe or cultivator. In the field,
cultivation should be continued until the
plants reach full size and the heads start
to develop.

BLANCHING

Twice a week look over the rows when
the heads begin to form and where the heads
or flowers have reached a diameter, of say
two inches, gather together the leaves of
the plant and lightly tie them at the top.
This protects the heads from the sun, keep-
ing them blanched and increasing the
delicacy of flavor.

Examine the tied up heads every few

Cut the heads with the surrounding leaves,
trimming them to project slightly above the curd.
Algiers, a favorite later sort for the South

days by slightly separating the leaves,
allowing them to close up again if the
head is not ready for cutting. Cut the
head when it has reached full size; this can
be determined by the surface of the “curd,”
as already stated.

The entire top or centre of the plant is
cut from the stalk just below where the
leaves which have been tied together start
from the stalk; the leaves around the head
are then trimmed off with a sharp knife
about one inch aboye the edge of the curd.
This edging of cut leaves left around the
head serves to protect the head from injury
in subsequent handling. Great care should
be exercised in handling the heads not to

328

f

bruise them as they quickly discolor. For
market shipments the head is covered
with soft white tissue paper or thin waxed
paper fitted closely inside the trimmed outer
leaves.

I do not often tie up the outer leaves in
this systematic way, when growing for
home consumption, merely bending over
several of the outer leaves until the mid-rib
of the leaf cracks apart. This is not as
neat as tieing the leaves together at the top
of the plant nor does it allow as free access
of air to the head; its only merit is that it
can be done very quickly in passing along
the row.

GROWING CAULIFLOWER IN FRAMES

For the spring crop in the coldframes the
plants afe started in January and when
they reach a good size are set in rich soil in
a cold-frame, eighteen inches apart. Fre-
quent cultivation must be given, but it is not
advisable to work deeply after growth is
well started—-an inch or two is ample.

Avoid wetting the heads in watering after
they start to form. The plants in this
early spring crop do not grow nearly as
large as those planted in the field and

develop the heads in a much shorter season,’

seldom attaining a greater height than
eighteen inches or, at most, two feet. A
frame with a clear space under the glass

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of fifteen or eighteen inches will answer, as
by the time the leaves grow up to the glass
the spring will be sufficiently advanced to
permit of entirely removing the sash.

The early winter supply in the market is
from fall heads which have been placed
in cold storage, but for home use fine heads
may be had by taking up the late plants
which have failed to head or on which the
heads are just forming, transplant them
to cold frames or to a warm sheltered
corner in the garden, setting them quite
closely together with the roots firmly packed
in the soil in much the same manner as
celery is packed. These late plants can
also be headed in a cool cellar if it is well
lighted and freely aired.

SOME PREFERRED VARIETIES

Early Dwarf Erjurt: The parent of the
early forcing and early field varieties. Very
satisfactory under favorable conditions;
more robust in growth and less liable to
blight in hot dry weather, but not as dis-
tinctly early as the following special stocks.

Best Early: A very finely selected extra
early, well adapted for forcing or an early
frame crop, as well as for either a spring or
fall crop in the garden or field.

Dry Weather: Possibly a little later in
season than the Best Early, but of more
vigorous growth with larger and heavier

Jury, 1908

heads. It can be successfully grown under
more unfavorable conditions of soil and
season than the special forcing strains and,
in my experience, is the most-satisfactory
variety for general planting.

Snowball: The first special selection of
the Erfurt type offered to American gar-
deners and is popular with market planters.
A very reliable early variety.

Gilt Edge and Snow Storm are both extra
eatly selections of the Erfurt type, the
latter being especially good for winter and
spring forcing under glass.

Extra Early Paris: A decidedly dwarf
and extremely early variety for open ground
plantings, but not otherwise very desirable,
as the heads are generally small and the
curd is interspersed with small green leaflets

Of the late kinds these two are recom-
mended:

Algiers: The standard European variety,
and until the introduction of the earlier type,
was the leading market variety in this
country, but the plants grow to a very large
size and must be set out quite early to
develop heads before winter sets in.

Autumn Giant: A popular English variety
making a very strong growth and fine large
heads, but requires.a long period of growth
and a cool moist season for satisfactory
results. Satisfactory during the cool winter
months in the Southern States.

Four Plans For a 50 x 150 Ft. Lot—By F. C. Leible,

THE EIGHTH OF A SERIES OF ARTICLES ON THE “CHEAPEST GARDENS FOR THE SMALLEST
LOTS,’ EACH OF WHICH GIVES FOUR SOLUTIONS COSTING $25, $50, $75, AND $100, RESPECTIVELY

HE ideal depth for the suburban or
city lot, in my opinion, is 150 feet,
because it is about the minimum on which
an adequate vegetable garden can be had
with a barn or stable, while also furnishing
sufficient room for shrubbery and a play-
ground for children. Moreover, such a lot
can be kept in perfect condition at an
annual expense of about $25 for labor,
plants, tools, etc., and will not require
more than an hour’s work a day on the
average from one member of the family.
Thus the care of the garden and grounds
need not keep either the father or mother

VEGETABLES

of the family from taking daily exercise at
golf, tennis, or automobiling.

I. THE CHEAPEST SOLUTION — $25

‘The trouble with ‘gardening is that it
takes a lot of time and money, but so do
golf, tennis, music, children and everything
else. Nobody who owns a 50 x I50 ft. lot
ought to be content to spend as little as $25 for
the trees and shrubs, because home grounds
cannot be made distinctive and beautiful for
less than 4 or 5 per cent. of the cost of the
entire place, including house and lot.

The first plan indicates by numbers how

Two American elm (Ulmus Americana).

Three Japan barberry (Berberis Thunbergit).

One magnolia (Magnolia Soulangeana).

. One white fringe (Chionanthus Virginica). 5

_ Two Hall’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica, var. Halliana).

UbWwWNH eH

6. Two Japan virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).

7. Two silky dogwood (Cornus sericea).

8. One Japan snowball (Viburnum plicatum, var. tomentosum).
o. Two golden bell (Forsythia suspensa). BAR:

10. Two oak-leaved hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia).

A suggestion for an expenditure of $25 in trees, shrubs, and vines

many good sized trees, shrubs and vines
could be had for $25. This expense is about
the minimum limit of decency for the first
year. If you cannot afford more than $25
for trees and shrubs after grading your
grounds and making the lawn, you would
better have a definite plan and work toward
it gradually, instead of scattering a few trees
and shrubs about. The dotted lines indi-
cate a consistent scheme which applies the
principles of landscape gardening to this
small lot, since there is an open lawn bordered
by shrubbery in the front yard and two such
miniature lawns in the backyard, each of
which is flanked by shrubbery high enough
to hide the vegetable garden during the
winter when it is naturally unsightly.

Many people who live on such a lot would
prefer not to have a vegetable garden; in
that case the place could be made much
more attractive by making the backyard
one large lawn bordered on three sides with
shrubbery. It costs about $100 to plant a
lot of this size with trees and shrubs in such
a way that it will be a constant succession
of flowers during the growing season, and
enough evergreens and berries to make
the place attractive during the winter.

II. A DECORATIVE TREATMENT FOR $50

The second plan will appeal to those who
like a formal or decorative treatment of

i

Jury, 1908

their grounds at a minimum cost. The
central theme here is the summer house,
which can be screened against mosquitoes
if desired and should furnish an excellent
outdoor living-room for mother and children
from May until October. The cost of this
house is, of course, not included, and the
minimum for an attractive summer house of
octagon shape would be about $40 or $50,
not counting the labor.

The summer house is to be coyered with
Hall’s honeysuckle and Clematis paniculata,
two fragrant vines which will provide a
succession of flowers from July until frost.
The large trees used on the street and in the
backyard are not arbitrary, and in fact the
horse chestnut casts so dense a shade it
might be better to substitute some showy
small tree of a decorative character like
Magnolia Soulangeana.

The cost of the perennial flowers needed
to embellish the hedge which screens the
vegetable garden and the environment of
the summer house is not included.

II. A FRUIT GARDEN FOR $75

The third plan should appeal mightily
to anyone who would like a gardening hobby
that does not require more than an hour’s
work a day, and would produce something
edible that is different from the ordinary
vegetable garden. Dwarf fruit trees are
the only kinds that can now be recommended
for city or suburban gardens. One great
advantage of using them is that you can
have such an astonishing variety in a back-
yard. An ordinary or standard apple tree
requires forty feet square; on this same space
you can grow fifteen low-headed dwarf trees
and perhaps as many as thirty trained in
various shapes of beauty. The training
of these fruits is a delightful amusement.

Let no one think that dwarf fruit trees
require less work than standard trees.
They require much more. It is useless to
plant them unless you attend to their needs
every day. Have a spraying outfit and some
such book as Fletcher’s “How to Make a
Fruit Garden,” Bailey’s “ Principles of Fruit
Growing,” or Waugh’s book on dwarf trees.

The fruit garden here planned in formal
fashion would make a delightful show
place for visitors. It includes enough small
fruits for a family of four and a considerable
variety of apples and pears, these being the
longest lived and the ones ‘most easily
obtained in the form of dwarf trees.

The most beautiful spectacle presented
by any of the dwarf trees is a pear trimmed
in pyramidal fashion, which is a vision of
beauty when covered with flowers in spring
from top to bottom; consequently a pyra-
midal pear tree has been designated as the
central feature of this garden.

Ivy. A ROSE GARDEN FOR $100

The fourth plan is designed especially
for the lover of roses and consists of a winding
walk which is arched at five intervals with
climbing roses. The walk is rendered more
stately by using tree or standard roses at reg-
ular intervals. These are alternated with beds
of hybrid perpetuals and other bush roses.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

This would make a very showy place but
should not be attempted by anyone who
does not have a natural love for roses and
some skill in their culture.

There can be no question that a more
refined and appropriate, though quieter
treatment would be to have the rose garden
in the place now designated for the vegetaLle

329

garden — namely, at the back of the lot —
where it could be screened from view until
the last moment, thus making a pleasant
surprise. This would be all the better if
organically connected with the house by
means of a straight walk lined with flower
borders and arched with roses in the manner
indicated in the present plan.

WALK

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. Two red maple (Acer rubrum).

Two horse chestnut (4sculus Hippocastanum).

. Two silver linden (Tilia argentea).

Twelve red rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa).

Two white rugosa rose (Rosa Rugosa, var. alba).
Three Reeves’s spirea (Spirea Reevesiana).

One Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Morrowii).
One spirea (Spirea Bumalda).

. Three weigela (Diervilla florida).

. One mock orange (Philadelphus Zeyher),

99 DI ANEY DH

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11. Three blue spirea (Caryopleris Mastacanthus).

12. Twelve Japan barberry (Berberis Thunbergit).

13. Two Lemoine’s deutzia (Deutzia Lemoinei).

14. One weigela (Diervilla hybrida, var. Eva Rathke).

15. Four Japan virgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).

16. Four Hall’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica, var. Halliana).

17. Two crimson rambler rose (Rosa multiflora, var. Crimson
Rambler).

18. Two Dorothy Perkins (Rosa multiflora, var. Dorothy
Perkins).

A decorative treatment that can be had at a cost of $50 for plants

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APPLES (PALMETTO); 1, four Red Astrachan; 2, three
Yellow Transparent; 3, three White Calville,

PEARS (PYRAMIDAL): 4, one Duchesse d’ Angoultme; 5, three
Bartlett; 6, three Clapps Favorite; 7, three La Bonne Louise
d’Avrange; 8, three Beurre d’Anjou.

9. Twelve Currants, Fay’s Prolific.

STRAWBERRIES: 10, one hundred early, Sharpless; 11,
one hundred late, Gandy.

12. Eight gooseberry, Industry.

13. Twelve Japanese wine berries.

14. Twelve blackberries, Eldorado or Marlborough.
15. Twelve raspberries, Cuthbert.

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16. One golden bell (Forsythia suspensa).

17. One Reeves’s spirea (Spir@a Reevesiana).

18. Three red osier dogwood (Cornus sanguinea).

19. Three deutzia (Deutzia Lemozinei).

20. Ten peony (Paonia albiflora, var. Sinensis).

21. Two crimson Rambler rose (Rosa multiflora, var. Crimson
Rambler).

22. Two Japan yirgin’s bower (Clematis paniculata).

23. Two Japan barberry (Berberis Thunbergiz).

24. Three hardy hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, var.
grandiflora).

25. Two American elm (Ulmus Americana).

Dwarf trees as the leading feature in a formal fruit garden. The cost is $75

VEGETABLE

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CLIMBING ROSES: 1, two Philadelphia; 2, two Dorothy
Perkins; 3, two Yellow Rambler; 4, two Dorothy Perkins;
5, six Crimson Rambler.

STANDARD ROSES: 6, two Gloire de Dijon; 7, two Paul
Neyron; 8, two Perle des Blanches; 9, four Gen. Jacqueminot;
to, two Persian Yellow; 11, forr Souv. de la Malmaison.

BUSH ROSFS: 12, ten Etoile de France; 13, ten Clothilde Sou-
pert; 14, ten Gruss an Teplitz; 15. ten yellow Mme. Cochet; 16,
five pink Mme Cochet;17, five Helen Gould (Baldwin); 18, six
Baby Rambler Mme. Norbert le Vavasseur; to, seven Ameri-
can Beauty; 20, five Frau Karl Druschki, 21, Four Safrano.

What a hundred dollars’ worth of roses will

22. Twelve currants Fay’s Prolific.

23. Two weigela (Diervilla jlorida).

24. One mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius).

25. Two Kerria (Kerria Japonica).

26. One Tartarian honeysuckle (ZLonicera Tatarica, yar.
rubiflora).

27. Two Hall’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Japonica, var. Halliana).

28. Two akebia (Akebia quinaia),

29. One hardy hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, vat. gran-
diflora).

30. Two Norway maple (Acer platanoides).

do. And plenty of room for vegetables, too

——— “
f
4

.

Trees That Are Loved for Their Flowers—By P. J. Berckmans, cos

THE FOURTH ARTICLE IN A SERIES OF MEMOIRS BY THE DEAN OF AMERICAN POMOLOGY AND OF SOUTHERN FLORI-
CULTURE IN WHICH HE TELLS OF HIS PERSONAL EXPERIENCES IN. THE INTRODUCTION OF MANY NEW PLANTS

[Eprror’s Nore—These articles have aroused enthusiastic admiration in all parts of the country.

The first on “The Best Hedge Plants South and North,” appeared in

November, 1907- In January and March, 1908, Mr. Berckmans gave wonderfully lucid accounts of the pine, spruce, fir, yew, cedar, cypress, arborvitae and araucaria types.
In the next contribution the present article will be completed by a discussion of the trees with small, but numerous flowers.]

T IS most fortunate that nearly all
the trees with showy flowers are
small trees, rarely growing more than ten
or twenty feet high. For, if these flowers were
borne on tall trees they would seem much
smaller and we could not easily cut them
or enjoy their colors, form, and fragrance.
Moreover, most home grounds are so small
that they cannot have more than two or
three large trees with advantage. And
almost everybody would like to have as
many as possible of the trees with showy
flowers.

The three matters of greatest interest in
almost every group of flowering plants are
season of bloom, size of flower and color.
It is useless to try to understand any large
group by means of a classification based
upon color, but I have thus far divided
the flowering trees according to a new plan
which I hope will give the casual reader
a firmer grasp of the subject than he has
had before. Should he desire to classify
these trees according to their season of
bloom he can do so, in a rough manner, as
the flowering time is indicated in each case.

I. FLOWERS FOUR TO SIX INCHES ACROSS

Undoubtedly the showiest features of the
landscape in April in the North are the
magnolias where the first large flowering
tree of the year is Wagnolia Vulan or con-
spicua. ‘The flowers are four to five inches
across and with pleasing fragrance. ‘This
tree seldom exceeds twenty-five to thirty

The large leaved magnolia (WV. macrophylla) is equally
conspicuous for its flowers, often a foot across

feet in height in the United States, whereas
in Japan and China it frequently grows
to seventy-five feet. The yulan has been
used for crossing with the more shrub-like
purple flowered magnolia (MW. obovata or pur-
purea), and has produced a race of hardy

The magnolias have the largest flowers of any trees.
(MW. Soulangeanad) a hybrid, flowers pink

hybrids with colored flowers of which the type
is MJ. Soulangeana. ‘This grows very rapid-
ly and soon forms a tree twenty-five to thirty
feet high with flowers four to five inches
across, white inside and purplish outside. It
is a most profuse bloomer and the flowers
last longer than those of the yulan.

Another beautiful hybrid of the same
parentage is M. Soulangeana nigra, which,
although introduced to the trade in 1885,
seems to be still very little known. The
flowers are the largest of all of the Asiatic
class (five to six inches in diameter), of a
dark-purple color, and are frequently pro-
duced from April until early autumn,
although the main crop is at its best during
April and May. As it begins to bloom late
the flowers are apt to escape injury by late
frosts, and is therefore, one of the most
valuable.

Other late blooming hybrids are M. Nor-
bertiana and Lennet, the latter with dark
crimson flowers.

After these, but still before the leaves
appear, comes Magnolia Kobus, which is
very interesting because it has starry instead
of cup-shaped flowers. They are white, three
to four inches in diameter and are not as
showy and are produced more sparingly
than the preceding.

The magnolias that bloom after the
leaves have even larger flowers but are
not nearly so popular because the flowers
are fewer and more or less hidden among

339

the leaves. However, they have very beau-
tiful red fruits of unique character and
it is quite the fashion to grow a large collec-
tion of them.

Our native magnolias are often more desir-
able for their rapid growth and large leaves
than for their flowers, especially M. acum-
mata, commonly known as cucumber tree
which usually assumes a broad pyramidal
shape and makes a valuable shade tree,
though its flowers are an inconspicuous
yellow.

The large-leaved magnolia (M. macro-
phylla) is most conspicuous for its very
large leaves. In very rich situations these
are often three feet long and at a distance
resemble a banana tree. Its huge flowers
are ten to twelve inches across, white and
fragrant but are not produced in great
numbers.

The eared magnolia (M. Fraseri) is
recognized by the lobes at the base of
the leaf. It has sweet-scented, white
flowers usually eight inches in diameter.

The umbrella tree (WZ. tripetala) has con-
spicuous white flowers eight to ten inches
across, but as they emit a rather unpleasant
odor this tree has unfortunately been often
discarded, though it furnishes excellent
material for landscape planting where trees
with broad foliage are required. The
leaves are eighteen to twenty inches long.

Of the exotic magnolias I like best the
Japanese M. hypoleuca which has _ the
under side of the leaves almost silvery
white. It is said to attain roo feet in Japan.
I have grown it for many years and do not
expect it to grow more than thirty or forty

The tulip tree owes much of its attractiveness to
the numerous yellowish flowers

Jury, 1908

feet in the South. Although it blooms after
the leaves appear, the flowers open in
Georgia as early as April. They are five
or six inches across. Unfortunately this
tree is an exceedingly shy bearer.

Closely allied to the native magnolia is
the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) which
bears tulip-shaped flowers three to four
inches wide and of a greenish yellow color.
Although devoid of bright appearance they
are quite numerous and add much to the
beauty of the tree, which has a pyramidal
habit and handsome leaves of unique shape.

A tree which seems to be almost extinct
in its natural habitat is Gordonia pubescens.
Diligent search in the sections of Georgia
where Bartram and the elder Micheaux
state as having discovered it, have failed to
find a single specimen. The tree planted
by Bartram in his botanical garden near
Philadelphia had attained a height of from
thirty to forty feet, but succumbed a few
years ago. There are, however, a few
trees in cultivation. Two are growing near
the Horticultural Building at Fairmont
Park and several fine specimens were shown
me in the grounds of a Mr. Smith near the
Bartram Garden at Philadelphia. A few
plants are said to be found in nurseries but
they are seldom offered for sale. In its
native habitat the tree is stated to reach a
height of forty to fifty feet with spreading
branches which are finely pubescent at
the summit, hence its name. Flowers as
large as some of the Chinese magnolias,
which they somewhat resemble. They are
solitary but produced quite profusely. Cor-
olla white, externally pubescent with num-
erous stamens and orange colored filaments.
The flowers are produced throughout the
summer, the trees at Mr. Smith’s place
being a mass of blooms when I saw them
during September. It is to be hoped that
this very attractive tree may ere long be-
come more abundant and be included in
nurserymen’s catalogues. It is perfectly

hardy at Philadelphia and grows vigorously _

in good garden soil. Some French nurseries

cada csaeet ieee

The dogwood (Cornus florida) is the most generally
attractive large flowered tree. Always interesting

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

offer a few plants of it, but it is stated that
their life is limited to ten to fifteen years.
This may in a measure be the reason of its
almost total extinction in its former re-
stricted habitats.

The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
has more attractions than any other large-
flowered tree. The true flower is incon-
spicuous, the showy part being the four
white bracts which make a “flower” three
or four inches across. The display lasts
for several weeks, beginning in May in the
North. Its foliage assumes bright colors
early in the fall and the scarlet fruits are
also showy. Even when out of bloom it is
very distinct, because of its beautifully
veined leaves in summer and conspicuous
berries in fall and buds in winter.

There are now several varieties with pale
to dark rose-colored flowers, than which
nothing can be more beautiful in early
spring. ‘The rose-colored varieties do not

Of the medium sized flowers the hawthorn (Crategus
Oxyacanthd) is the best. This is the English may

seem to grow as tall as the typical white
flowering species, but as these trees are
always grafted or budded they begin to
bloom at an earlier age.

II. MEDIUM-SIZED FLOWERS (13-2 IN. ACROSS)

Nearly all the most desirable trees with
medium-sized flowers belong to three great
genera of the rose family, Prunus, Pyrus and
Crategus. The first includes the stone
fruits, the second the pome fruits, and the
third the haws.

The earliest of these to bloom are the
double-flowering peach trees which Robert
Fortune introduced to the western world
from China in 1845. Of these the white
and crimson are the most conspicuous. The
flowers of the latter are the largest, often
one. and one-half inches across, and a tree
of this variety is one of the most strikingly
beautiful objects in our gardens. The
double rose is also very handsome. The
chrysanthemum-flowered variety was dis-
covered by the writer in an old orchard in
South Carolina. It yields pale rose-colored

The catalpa ((. biqnonioides) grows quickly and
flowers later than most other trees, July in the north

flowers often two inches across, with the
centre petals quilled and those outside flat,
giving it the appearance of a Japanese
chrysanthemum. By taking a two-year-old
peach-tree that has been trained so as to
form a head of either three or four strong
branches, and budding each branch with a
different colored variety, a very beautiful
tree is produced, the three or four colors
giving the effect of a huge bouquet.

Blooming at the same period, we have
the Japanese double-flowering cherries and
plums; most beautiful, small trees whose
period of inflorescence, it is to be regretted,
lasts seldom more than ten days. But these
trees are gems while in flower.

In the genus Pyrus we have the double-
flowering crab-apples which are not only
profuse flowering trees, but their flowers are
very fragrant, and range in color from almost
white to dark rose, according to variety.
One of the best is Bechtel’s crab, with semi-
double delicately pink colored flowers. But
our native species of wild crab apple (Pyrus
coronaria) is perhaps the most fragrant and
its single light rose colored flowers, often two
inches across, are produced in the greatest
profusion during the early spring.

We now come to the hawthorns, which have
large flat clusters of flowers, but are often
valued even more for the handsome red
haws or fruits which the single-flowering
varieties produce. é

The hawthorn that everybody wants is th
English hawthorn, or may, of English litera-
ture (Crategus Oxyacantha), but according
to Rehder, practically everything cultivated
under this name belongs to C. monogyna, a
name that almost never appears in cata-
logues. The chief distinction is that the
fruit of the former has two stones; the latter
only one. To this one-stoned species Rehder
refers all the double-flowered, rosy-red,
crimson, cut-leaved, weeping, and ever-
blooming forms which are popularly supposed
to be varieties of the English hawthorn.

This species has the largest flowers, but
as they are borne in large clusters, the indi-
vidual flowers have the effect of being
medium-sized. They openin May. S
flowering varieties have red or yellow berries
which last till late in winter. The foliage

—

332

Wisl 38,

An unusual street effect. An avenue of magnolias in Rochester, N. Y.

also frequently assumes a bright red in
autumn. Some of our native species are
very interesting, but have not yet entered
into general cultivation.

One drawback to all these members of the
rose family is that they are more or less
susceptible to the numerous insect enemies
and fungus diseases that afflict the varieties
cultivated for their edible fruits. They
are particularly liable to be troubled by
San José scale and, therefore, everyone
who plants them should be prepared to spray
them.

III. FLOWERS OF STRIKING FORM

The most gorgeous flowering trees suited
to the middle and lower South are the

crape myrtles (Lagerstroemia Indica). The
flowers are deep-crimson, rose, purple, or
pure white, and are produced in long spikes
from June until September, covering the
trees with a perfectly dense mass of flowers.
They are fairly hardy about Washington
and can be grown as a shrub as far
north as New York, but they require
the climate of the Middle South to reach
their greatest development and_ profusion
of flowers.

A small tree with begonia-like flowers,
that is but seldom seen outside of Texas,
is the Texas flowering willow (Chilopsis
saligna or linearis). The flowers are an
inch or two long and are borne in long
racemes in June. The corollas are lobed

The umbrella tree is characteristic of the South. The ornamental fruits endure all winter

GARDEN MAGAZINE

JULY, 1908

and crimped and those of the typical variety
are lilac with two yellow stripes. A few
new forms have lately appeared, some

having light lavender and others pure

white flowers. Their greatest value is their
long blooming period, from June until
autumn. The tree grows in almost arid
soil and is not hardy north of Washington.

The favorite tree of the mimosa type is
the silk tree (Albizzia Julibissin) commonly
catalogued as an acacia. It has round
heads of pale pink flowers and the stamens
are much longer than the petals, the whole
forming most graceful terminal panicles.
It is hardy as far north as Washington.

A showy yellow-flowered legume is the
Jerusalem thorn (Parkinsonia aculeata),
which is particularly striking even when not
in flower by reason of its bright green bark,
bipinnate leaves and bright yellow flowers.
It is hardy along the southern seaboard
section and grows wild in southwestern
Texas.

Few trees are of more rapid growth in
good soil than Catalpa bignonioides. Its
flowers are white, washed with purple, and
are produced in showy clusters in July, a
period at the North when few other trees are
in bloom. The western catalpa (C. speciosa)
blooms earlier. The Chinese form, known
to nurseryman as C. Bungei, is of dwarf
growth but is usually top-grafted upon six
to eight feet stems, when it forms a beautiful
large, round head of heavy leaves, and its
flowers are produced in clusters often a foot
long. It is hardy in New England.

The famous Texas umbrella tree, or China
berry, which one sees everywhere in the South
and California is Meliu Azedarach, var. wm-
braculiformis. In other words, it is merely a
more symmetrical variety of the Pride of
India, which is so called because of its purple-
lilac flowers, which open early in the
spring and have the delightful fragrance of
the lilac; it is of very rapid growth and
makes a much larger tree than the Texas
umbrella. It is not hardy north of mid-
dle Virginia. A few distinct forms have
also been introduced, but are only of
botanical value. One has finely-cut, feath-
ery leaves; another has white flowers; and still
another, which came from Texas, produces
flowers throughout the summer but is easily
killed by a cold of 20 degrees above zero.

With the beginning of spring the large,
exquisitely fragrant, blue foxglove-like flow-
ers of the empress tree (Paulownia impert-
alis) form a beautiful color contrast with
those of the peaches and plums. This
tree is of unusually rapid growth and adapts
itself to almost all soils that are not too arid.
While hardy as far north as New Enland,
it attains greater proportions in the Middle
South, where its profusion of blooms is
also increased. The only objection to this
variety is its numerous seed capsules, which
mar somewhat the beauty of the tree and
should be immediately removed after the
blooming period. The beautiful flowers of
this tree, unfortunately are often displayed
against the clear blue sky for a background
where they seem to disappear, being of
the same color.

The Best Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms— By P. T. Barnes,

New
York

A SELECT DOZEN OF THE HARDIEST AND MOST RESISTANT KINDS WITH WHICH ANYONE CAN SUCCEED—THE FOUR
CARDINAL FACTORS OF SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATION, AND HOW TO KEEP YOUR FAVORITES CLEAR FROM INSECT PESTS

ap ae: ferns vie with the rubber plant for
first place in the esteem of the
window gardener. Their finely cut and
sometimes oddly shaped fronds have a
graceful airy effect possessed by few other

The fern ball (Davallia bulluta) needs only water to
start into growth. Excellent suspended in windows

plants and, being evergreen, they are always
in season. Many people believe that it is
impossible to grow ferns in the house or in
the window garden but it is not so, for there
are perhaps a few dozen kinds which will
do very well indeed if given the same care
as the flowering plants.

The most popular fern is the common
sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata). The
type is rarely seen in the florists’ shops
nowadays, having been superseded by the
more vigorous growing Boston fern (NV.
exaltata var. Bostoniensis of the trade). And
this is the best of all the sword ferns. It
will stand some abuse. With all the other
ferns if the soil once becomes dry the plant
is ruined for the season at least, if not
absolutely killed; but should your sword
fern be neglected for a day or two, becoming
dry, it will recover if carefully looked after.

Even when young, in small pots, the plants
are attractive, but they make a fairly rapid
growth and one does not have to wait long
to obtain a large plant. The fronds of the
Boston fern are two to three feet long, two

to three inches across, and of a lively green
color.

Another variety of the sword fern which
has given satisfaction in many window
gardens is known in the trade as N. Philip-
pensis. The fronds are smaller, being only
about eighteen inches long, one and one-
half to two inches wide and very dark
green.

Of recent years there have been several
new forms of the sword fern introduced to the
American trade and they have become very
popular. The variety Scotti is a miniature
Boston fern, the fronds being shorter and
narrower, thus making a dense, more com-
pact plant.

There are several plumose forms in which

Holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) with glossy, bold,
deep green leaves, which are not very ‘fern like.’’
This plant is one of the hardiest

the pinne are much divided. The fronds
are usually at least a foot long and quite
broad. They are known under such trade
names as Piersoni, Borrowsi, Whitmani, etc.
These do well in the house but, with the
exception of Whitmani, the fronds are more
or less liable to revert to the type. This

is no doubt caused by the trying conditions ©

found in the living-room—dry heat and
insufficient light.

There is another sword fern which I
always like to grow because of the oddly
shaped pinne — Nephrolepis davalliodes

var. jurcans. The ends of the pinne are
divided into two spreading points like horns.
This plant is equally as showy as the Boston
fern but the fronds have a much more
drooping habit. The sword ferns will grow
in almost any soil but a well-drained sandy
loam is best.

The glossy, dark green foliage of the holly
fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) always attracts
attention. The upper sides of the pinne
are very dark green; the under sides are
somewhat lighter green and studded with
brown spots — the spores.

The pinne are large, four to six inches
long and one to two inches broad, the fronds
about two feet long and very stiff. Altogether
it is very attractive.

The graceful feathery fronds of the
maidenhair ferns always excite interest. The
most beautiful one, Adiantum Farleyense,
often seen in the florists’ shops, cannot
be grown in the window garden, but there
is a good substitute for it in the so-called
“hardy Farleyense” (Adiantum Capillus-
Veneris var. imbricatum). This will with-
stand the trying conditions of the house just
as well as will the Boston fern. I know
plants which have lived all winter in a New

The common shield fern (Polystichum angulare) is the
best of the fine cut ferns for the window garden

York City residence, a severe test for any
plant, fern or not.

If the soil in which maidenhair ferns are
growing ever becomes dry, the fronds imme-
diately wither and nothing can be done to

Scotts’ sword fern, more compact growing than the
Boston fern, but otherwise very like it

Boston fern is the freest
growing of house ferns

323

hare’s foot (Polypo-
dium aureum)

The

There are several plumose forms of the sword fern,

varying in degree. Good for light rooms

334

recuperate them. Should such an accident
happen, remove the injured fronds and keep
the plant in as good a condition as possible
until the following spring, when new growth
will be made.

The best small ferns for the home are
found among the spider ferns (Pteris).
The fronds are once divided, the divisions
being long and narrow and pointed.

One of the best of the spider ferns is
P. Cretica, which grows nearly a foot high.
The stalks are straw colored and the
foliage is dark green in the type, but there
are several varieties, some of which have
white markings.

Another spider fern very commonly grown
is P. serrulata, which differs in not being such
a strong grower; also, the stalks are brown and
the edges of the pinne are toothed like a
saw. Like Cretica, this has many forms,
most of which are more or less distorted and
to which such Latin names as cristata, cris-
tata variegata, densa, etc., have been given.

The best variegated fern for the window
garden is Pieris argyrea. ‘This is a some-
what stronger grower than those already
mentioned, but its chief feature is a broad
white band down the middle of each pinne.
All the pteris are used more for fern dishes
than for specimen plants, and are admirably
suited to the purpose.

One of the shield ferns (Polystichum
angulare) somewhat resembles the sword
ferns. The fronds are from one to two feet
long and rather narrow. The pinne differ
from those of the sword ferns in that they
are triangular rather than oblong. This
fern seems to withstand the unfavorable
conditions of the house admirably. . Mr.
W. H. Taplin, in the American Gardening
for March 10, 1900, reports having known
a specimen which flourished in a window
garden for ten years.

The hare’s foot fern (Polypodium) is
always interesting because of its rhizomes.
These rest on the ground and are densely
covered with long, coarse, yellow hairs.
Sooner or later these hang over the edge of
the pot and bear a strong resemblance to a
rabbit’s or hare’s foot, hence the name.

Another interesting fern is Davallia
bullata. ‘This is usually seen in the form
of fern balls, but is equally at home in a pot

One of the slender spider ferns (P. serru-
lata) much used for table decoration

itil cists ahs ehs

THE (GAR DEN

The only hardy fern that approaches the grace-
fulness of the tender greenhouse “ Farleyense’’ is
Adiantum Capillus- Veneris, var. imbricatumn

or on a sphagnum covered board. As a
fern ball this fern is particularly interesting.
The balls are composed of the creeping
stems wrapped around sphagnum moss,
and are received in this country in December
and January, all that is needed to start
them into growth being a thorough soaking
in water. Place them in a light window,
preferably a north one.

There are four factors
cultivation of house ferns:

(1) In the coldest weather the tempera-
ture in which ferns are growing ought never
to go below 55° at night. A raise of
temperature during the day of 10° or 15°
is sufficient and surely no living room should
be above 70°. A north window, or any
window which has lots of light and but little
or no direct sunlight, will suit ferns; the sun
injures the delicate fronds.

(2) Ferns do not like a heavy soil; one
composed of four parts of sandy loam, one
part sand and one part manure will give
good results. For most of the ferns a little
leaf mold may be added, but I would not
add any to the soil in which the sword ferns
are to be grown. Pack the soil fairly firm
about the roots but do not make it hard.
The soil in which ferns are growing must
never become dry, neither must it become
water logged. It is a common assumption

in successful

that because ferns grow naturally in damp

SMM aici

MAGAZINE

Juuy, 1908

places they cannot be over watered, but
while soil in which ferns thrive outdoors may
be very damp it is always well drained and
aérated.

(3) Keep the roots of the ferns cool.
This can be easily done by placing the pots
in jardiniéres or vases and packing damp
sphagnum moss about them. If you want
to use the plant for table or other decoration,
it can be removed from the box, used in the
decoration, and returned when the occasion
is over.

(4) Keep the leaves of the ferns clean.
This is best done by syringing them with
clear water on all bright days. If done on
dull days, there is some danger of the fronds
turning black.

Insects are often very troublesome to ferns,
especially in a dry atmosphere.

Thrips are small, slender, brown or black
insects, about one-fourth of an inch long,
which eat the epidermis of the leaves. They
are easily controlled by any of the commonly
used contact insecticides, or by Paris green —
one teaspoonful to twelve parts of water.

The red spider is a very small red mite
which can scarcely be seen by the naked
eye and which lives on the undersides of the
leaves. But its presence can be readily
recognized by numerous minute yellow
spots on the upper sides. Like the aphis
(to which it ranks next in destructiveness),
the red spider subsists on the plant’s juices.
It thrives in a hot, dry atmosphere and its
presence is a sure sign of insufficient
humidity. The conditions ordinarily found in
living-rooms are very favorable for this pest.
The remedy is obvious: Syringe the plants
with water, applying it on the under sides of
the leaves and with considerable force, be-
cause the spider is protected behind a web.

The mealy bug looks like a small tuft
of white cotton and is found on the under-
side of the frond and in the joints. A strong
stream of water will usually wash it off;
but if that fails use kerosene emulsion or
fir-tree oil, which must be diluted according
to the directions on the package and applied
as a spray or with a feather. Alcohol has
also been successfully used where there are
only a few mealy bugs. With a feather or
small stick put one drop on each bug and
he will immediately succumb.

The silver leaf spider fern (Pteris argyr ea) hes a graceful spreading habit

and is the only variegated fern for the home

The Cretan spider fern (P. cretica), the most’
adaptable of all the house ferns

The Outlawed Spireas and Their Kin—By W. E. Pendleton,

Connec-
ticut

WHY THE BOTANISTS HAVE THROWN OUT OF THE GENUS SPIRZA ALL THE HERBACEOUS SPECIES
AND MANY OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SHRUBBY ONES—THE KINDS EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

The twentieth of those heretical “ Little Monographs” which try to find out the comparative merits and limitations of plants instead of passing out the dry bones of botany and
whose chief indiscretion is that they tell what everybody thinks and talks and wants to know but no one dares set down in print.

ie IS the irony of Fate,” say the old gar-
deners, “‘that as soon as a genus becomes
known to everybody for the many lovely
Species it contains, the botanists get their
little hatchets and cut out of that genus nearly
all the species that everybody loves the most.
And it seems as if the learned took particular
delight in inventing for these outlaws just
the hardest names they can think of.”
However that may be, I would rather
have in my garden the dozen botanical exiles
Iam about to mention than any of the kinds

The ash-leaved spireas or sorbarias differ from
the true spireas in having compound foliage and
fluffy pyramids of bloom, often a foot high

that I described last month in “All the
Summer Spireas Worth Growing.” I must
confess, though, that I believe the botanists
have done the right thing in excluding these
plants from the genus Spirea and I hope I
can show you a good part of the evidence
on which this judgment is based.

ASH-LEAVED SPIREAS OR SORBARIAS

Surely we have no such glorious flower-
cluster among the true spireas as in the
ashleaved spireas. The great defect of the
conical-clustered spireas is that their clusters
are so dense as to be stiff, and even the best

of them are only eight inches high. In the
sorbarias we get the same type of beauty
liberated and glorified, for all of them have
great, fluffy, white pyramids that are full of
grace, and in some species these clusters are
twelve inches long. ‘To catch the spirit of
this group you have only to look at the
picture on the following page and imagine
these clusters to be a foot high.

Moreover, the foliage of these sorbarias
is as unforgettable as it is dignified, for the
leaves look like those of the mountain ash.
Indeed, the name Sorbaria loses its terrors
when you know that it means “resembling
the mountain ash.” None of the true
spireas has a compound leaf; they all have
simple, non-committal foliage—a merely
““leaf-shaped” sort of leaf.

A beginner might think that this com-
pound foliage would be sufficient reason for
throwing these sorbarias out of a genus hav-
ing simple foliage, but the important char-
acters that determine genera are the struc-
ture of the flower and fruit. In Sorbaria the
five pistils are opposite the sepals, while in
Spirea they are opposite the petals or else
less than five in number. This may seem a
small distinction to a gardener, simply be-
cause he is not used to studying the structure
of small flowers, but it is a character that
will separate into two groups the fourteen
genera comprising the spirea tribe of the
rose family.

The sorbarias belong to the unkillable
class of shrubs along with mock orange, lilac,
and other fast-growing ravenous creatures,
but they have the “defects of their virtues.”
Anybody can grow them, but you must see
that they do not spread too fast by suckers
and crowd out choicer things. Also the
flower clusters get unsightly when passing
and had better be cut off then, but this is
true of all spireas and of many other shrubs.

If the name “ash-leaved spirea” were
restricted to any one sorbaria, that species
should be SS. sorbijolia, because it is the
most popular. It is native to Asia but has
escaped from cultivation a little in this
country. The individual flowers are only a
third of an inch across, but the clusters are
often a foot long.

There is a “large-flowered” species (S.
grandiflora), but the flowers are only an
inch across and the clusters are only five
inches long.

Both the above species have the ramifica-
tions of the flower cluster pointing upward,
while in the next two they are spreading.
The Himalayan sorbaria (S. Lindleyana)
was thought to be the best available species
of this type, until the Afghanistan sorbaria
(S. Aitchtsont) was discovered. Both have
foot-long clusters, but the latter species is
hardier. One can tell it by the red color of

335

the young branches, those of the tender kind
being green.

There is a rare sorbaria that has the
great interest of having twice-pinnate foliage
and flowers half an inch across, but the
clusters are only five inches long; and unlike
the other species, it prefers a rather dry soil,
full sunshine, and perfect drainage in winter.
With these precautions S. Millefolium is
hardy in Massachusetts, though native to the
southwestern deserts.

The first two and the last-named sorbarias
bloom in June or July, the others about a
month later. S. sorbijolia attains a height of
five feet, grandiflora only three, the others
six or more.

LARGEST DROOPING CLUSTER— SCHIZONOTUS

Even more refined than the flower cluster of
Sorbaria is that of the white beam-leaved
spirea (Schizonotus discolor), because it is
not erect but gracefully drooping. The
drooping character is not shown in the accom-
panying photograph, since it is caused by
the arching of the branches. ‘The clusters,
however, are not quite so long (about ten
inches) and the foliage is not particularly
interesting. It blooms in July and averages
about five feet, but has been known to attain
ten and even twenty feet. Such a bush, when
covered with flowers, must be a noble sight.

The beam-leaved spirea grows wild all
the way from Oregon to Guatemala and as

The white beam-leaved spireas (Sc/izonolus S-
color var. ariefolia, known to nurserymen as Spi7'ee
ariefolia). Clusters nodding, ten inches long

336

far east as the Rockies. The hardiest form
will stand the winters near Boston, if heavily
mulched. This species also needs full sun-
shine and extra good drainage.

The chief reason why this plant should be
put in a separate genus from Spirza is that
its fruit is an achene instead of a follicle. The
latter splits open when ripe, the other does not.
For the same reason many of the herbaceous
spireas should go into the genus Ulmaria.

A FLAT-CLUSTERED OUTLAW—NINEBARK

Next to Van Houtte’s spirea (the one that
everybody loves the most) I should rank the
ninebark, because it has the same gracefully
arching stems lined with the same sort of
flat clusters of white flowers, appearing with
the latest of the spring-blooming spireas in
June, and lasting into July. The distin-
guishing beauty of the ninebark is its shining
red fruits which become attractive toward
the end of summer, whereas the fruits of the
true spireas are dull and unsightly. Any-
body can tell it at sight from a spirea by the
leaf, which is like that of a snowball, being
three-lobed. And now the meaning of the
scientific names is clear. ‘Physocarpus”
refers to the inflated fruit (reason enough
for taking this plant out of the genus Spirea)
and “opulifolius” means that the leaf looks
like the opulus or snowball. Another
marked botanical difference is that the nine-
bark leaves have big stipules that soon fall
off, while the true spireas have no stipules.

This plant would come into competition
with the high-bush cranberry, which is the
single-flowered form of the snowball (Vzbur-
num Opulus), except that the ninebark
blooms about a month later. The flower
clusters of the cranberry bush are twice as
large, and the berries are not only shapelier
but they last much longer (all winter).
However, the flower clusters are terminal,
while those of the ninebark are lateral, so that
the one is the showier and the other the more
graceful. I believe that the ninebark makes
a handsomer specimen and the cranberry
bush is better for mass effects in shrubberies.

The ninebark grows eight or ten feet high
and belongs to the cheap, rampant, unkill-
able class. It is sometimes used for tall
hedges. Some people believe it is the fastest
growing hardy shrub in cultivation. It
grows wild from Canada to Georgia and
Kansas and every nursery in the land has it
in quantity. The name “ninebark” doubt-
less has something to do with the bark peeling
off in thin strips.

I have now redeemed my promise of
describing the shrubs that everybody calls
spireas, except the botanists, but I cannot
resist the temptation to describe the other
shrubby allies of Spireea even if they have a
very different type of beauty.

LARGE-FLOWERED RELATIVES OF SPIRAA

There are a few nurserymen old-fashioned
enough to call the pearl bush “Spirea
grandiflora, but its correct name is Exo-
chorda grandiflora. Were we have the other
extreme—large flowers and few in a cluster,
instead of small flowers in large clusters.
The white five-petaled blossoms are about

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

an inch across, yet Wyman says “the indi-
vidual flowers are of no value.”” Doubtless,
he means that they look too much like a
thousand-and-one other members of the rose
family, such as plum, cherry, raspberry, and
I agree that life is too short to try to distin-
guish a whole lot of flowers of this type that
are inferior to apple blossoms and roses.
But the mass effect of the pearl bush is
certainly lovely. The bush attains a height
of eight or ten feet and in April or May when
in full bloom it looks like a snowbank. I
could never see any point in growing it as a
specimen, for its foliage and fruit are unin-

Jury, 1908

The only yellow-flowered relative of the
spireas is Kerria Japonica, often catalogued
as a Corchorus, and commenly known as
“globe flower” or “ Japanese rose,” both of
which are utterly misleading. It has yellow
blossoms an inch or two across, either single
or double, but they always seem trifling to
me. Also the branches are weak, slender
and featureless, butin winter they turn
bright green, and this trait is the one I
value most, though the leaves assume a fair
yellow in autumn. I wish that some ama-
teur would try to cross the Kerria with
Exochorda, Rhodotypos and Spirza, in the

Showing how the ‘‘outlawed’’ spireas beat the true spireas in size and fluffiness of cluster. The beam-
leaved spirea is the showy one; at the left is a glimpse of the dense, stiff, conical clusters of a true spirea

teresting, but when used in quantity as
Eastern millionaires use it at their “spring
homes” it certainly does strike an important
note at the dramatic moment.

The Rhodotypos is another white-flowered
shrub that every gardener knows, because it
is the only member of the Spirza tribe that
has four petals instead of five, and it is still
more celebrated for having its berries in
clusters of four. These shining, reddish
black berries are attractive all autumn and
half the winter and are very interesting as
you pass them, but not showy at a distance.
The bush grows four to six feet high and
blooms in May or June.

hope of getting the yellow flowers, ever-
blooming habit, and green winter branches
associated with taller and hardier plants
with large flower clusters. It would be worth
while to save pollen of Kerria in bottles until
the summer spireas bloom. Ten to one the
amateur would get nothing for his pains;
on the other hand he might get in five or ten
years something worth $200 to $500.

SMALL-FLOWERED, BUT INTERESTING

I shall never forget the first time I saw
that rare shrub, the snow wreath or Neviusa.
I had to whoop aloud. “Well, you are an
enthusiast,” remarked the nurseryman who

JULY, 1908

was driving me. ‘Why not,” I retorted,
“when I see a bush that is as celebrated for
its beauty as for the fact that it is hardy in
Massachusetts, though growing wild only
in Alabama?” The unique character of
this shrub is that it has no petals, its showi-
ness being due to the clusters of white fila-
ments that fringe the arching, wand-like
branches in such a way as to justify the name
of snow wreath. I admit that there are
more floriferous white-flowered bushes, but
surely there must be some one who will care
enough for its unique beauty to keep it from
being exterminated. Another good feature
is the yellow foliage in autumn.

The special interest of the Stephanandra
is that its autumn foliage assumes brilliant
colors, which is very uncommon in the Spirea
tribe. S. flexuosa becomes reddish purple
while S. Tanake runs more to orange and
yellow. Both are five-foot Japanese shrubs
having small clusters of small white flowers
in June. The former is admired for its
zigzag branches and the reddish tints in the
foliage in early spring.

The unique merit of Neillia is that it is
probably the latest member of the Spirea
tribe to bloom, since it flowers in the Middle
States in August or September. Rehder
praises its bright green foliage. It isa native
of the Himalayas and therefore not hardy
in the North. In the Middle States it grows
only two feet high, being killed to the ground
each winter, but it springs up and blooms
each year. In the South it attains six feet.

The only member of the Spirza tribe with
evergreen foliage is Adenostoma, a heath-
like bush, generally about three feet high,
which is the characteristic bush in the chap-
arral region of California. Rehder says it
is very showy in May or June when in full
bloom, and that it may be cultivated in
temperate regions, if given good drainage
and full sunshine.

Here endeth the tale of the shrubby spireas.
Some time I hope to describe the loveliest of
the herbaceous kinds. Anyone who cares
for a botanical key to all these genera will
find it in the fourth edition of the “ Cyclo-
pedia of American Horticulture,” at page 23.

The Two Annual Larkspurs

HE main distinction between the two
annual larkspurs is that D. con-
solida branches from the base while D.
Ajacis is unbranched except at the top.
The former is called the branched larkspur
and the latter the rocket larkspur. The
branched species has the longer spurs, but
the rocket has longer and denser spikes.
The chief botanical distinction is that the
pistils of the rocket are pubescent, while
those of the branched larkspur are glabrous.
The German seed growers offer sixty-
eight varieties of annual larkspurs — all
double. The chief strains are the rocket,
hyacinth, ranunculus, stock, candelabrum
and Emperor or imperial. The distinc-
tions between these strains are not stated
in the books or catalogues. According to
William Robinson, the rockets have spikes
that are rounded off at the top while those

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of the hyacinth strain taper. One would
naturally suppose from the names that
the opposite would be true. The ranun-
culus and stock-flowered strains are referred
to D. Ajacis by Robinson, and the candela-
brum and Emperor to D. consolida. The
tall strains attain three to four and one-
half feet; the dwarfs twenty to twenty-four
inches.

The chief colors are white, rose, lilac,
violet, and blue, but the Germans also claim
to have brick red, and even carmine. Alto-
gether about eighteen shades.

Both the annual species have finely cut
leaves, i.e., they are many times parted into
linear segments, as are also grandiflorum
and the hybridum of botanists — both
perennial species.

Annual larkspurs have a shorter season
of bloom but wider range of colors than the
perennials. I fancy the main inducement
to grow them is that seeds cost less. than
plants. On the other hand, annuals are
more bother, because they have to be sown
every year, and such plants do not have the
height or dignity of the more permanent
perennials. The annual larkspurs should
be sown where the plants are to remain and
these should be thinned to five inches apart.

New York. W. M.

Mid-summer Work in the

Garden

A ae is usually the driest month of the
year with us and many of the flowers
will have to be watered one to three times a

week. Do this late in the evening and the

best method is to run the water in a shallow
trench made a few inches from the plants.
Green grass spread over the surface of the
soil around the plants will assist in holding
the moisture in the soil.

Continue to sow asters for fall bloom, and
in order to get flowers of large size, select
a spot where the soil is rich and damp.

Portulaca must be sown before the first
of the month or very early thereafter in rich,
sandy soil where the plants will have full
sunlight. They will be in flower in
September.

Give the chrysanthemum plants a good
dressing of well-decayed cow manure during
the month, and your reward will be larger
and better flowers in November.

Sow marigolds early in July in rich soil
for large flowers in September and October.
Sow nasturtium now for blossoms the last
of September.

337

During the early part of the month plant
cucumbers for pickling. Cumberland
Pickling, Fordhook Pickling and Green
Clusters are the best varieties for the purpose.

Sow rutabaga any time this month.
They would not succeed well if planted after
the first of August, as the seed would not
germinate then owing to the hot, dry
weather, and the season would be too short
for them to make their full growth.

Plant early Irish potatoes now for a late
crop. Early Rose, Bliss Early, Red
Triumph and White Triumph are the best
varieties for southern cultivation.

Cabbage can be sown any time during
the month and will be ready to eat during
October and November. Keep the seed-
bed shaded and well supplied with water
until the plants are well started.

Sow beans, squash, and early corn through-
out the month at any time when the soil
is a little moist but not wet. Soak the seed
in water for several hours before planting to
insure quick germination. Seed sown now
will produce vegetables for the table in
September.

By continuing to set out cuttings from
the old tomato plants from now until the
last of the month, fruit will be had from
September until frost.

Keep up the cultivation of the cotton
throughout the month and if the seasons
are favorable it will continue to grow and
fruit.

The corn grown for the main crop should
receive its last cultivation this month.
This is also an excellent time for budding
fruits, and directions for this work were
given in THE GARDEN MaAcGaAziIne for
August, 1907, page 24.

Georgia. THomas J. STEED.

House Piants in Summer

AST summer, when riding through
the country with a photographer,
I noticed the pretty little picture which is
here reproduced. These house plants were
outdoors for the summer and seemed to
enjoy life immensely beneath the old apple
tree in the farmer’s front yard in Connecticut.
I have no doubt they will be hardier and
better prepared to go through the winter
than if kept indoors all summer.
New Jersey. Tice

i ss a

During summer build up the strength of the house
plants by putting them outdoors in shade

Ne ee eee

Ways to Utilize Rose Petals

pe the most satisfactory roses
are the hardy old-fashioned sorts that
bloom all summer long. Although they
have not the slender elegance of some of the
newer varieties, there is something won-
drously sweet about the old “Pink Daily”
and “ Hundred Leaf.” They have a warm
perfume that more developed roses have not.
First of all, every morning gather the
petals of all the roses which are ready to
fall, also snip off the seed pod; this insures
more blooms. Dry the petals carefully in
an unused room, where they can have air
but no sun. They must be spread out on
papers, and if the weather should be damp,
they must be shaken occasionally, or they
may mold. Dried rose petals make delicious
sachets for dresser drawers, and a thick
layer of them may be quilted in a cheese-
cloth cover and laid in the bottom of the
drawer. A pillow of dried rose petals,
covered with rose flowered cotton or silk
stuff is a charming addition to the couch.
Pot-pourri is perhaps the most popular use
for rose petals, and every home should have a
jar of it. This is an old-fashioned recipe
which has come down in a Southern family
from an English ancestress, and was copied
from her quaint ‘‘ Book of Worthy Recipes.”
Measure out a liberal half peck of sweet
rose petals. Pack them in a bowl in layers,
with salt between each layer, using a small
handful of salt to three of rose petals. Let
them stand for five days stirring them twice
daily. Then add to them three ounces of
powdered allspice and one ounce of stick
cinnamon. Let this mixture stand a week,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

stirring it once daily. Now put the prepara-
tion in the permanent jar, mixing with the
rose leaves one ounce allspice, half a pound
of dried lavender blossoms, one ounce
bruised cloves, one ounce stick cinnamon,
one nutmeg coarsely grated, half a cup of
ginger root thinly sliced, half an ounce of
aniseed, ten grains of Canton musk of the
finest quality, and two ounces of orris root.
Stir all these ingredients together. Add
at any time a few drops of attar of roses or
a few drops of any essential oil or extract of
flowers. The addition of a little ambergris
gives a lasting quality to the scent, but, adds
the writer, if you make the pot-pourri fresh
each summer the ambergris is not needed.

Another use of rose petals has all the
charm of tradition to commend it. This
is the making of rose-beads, with which the
earliest rosaries were made, and from which
comes their name. You should have at
least half a peck of fragrant rose petals.
Pound these in a mortar until they are
mashed to a pulp. One ingenious woman
puts them through her food- chopper a
couple of times and says the effect is the same.
After they are quite pulpy, let the mass
stand in the mortar, and on the second day
pound again and stir several times during
the day. Repeat this the third day, when
it should be a soft black mass and quite
smooth if the work has been properly done.

Crimson Rambler rose flowers on the wood it
made in the previous year. Cut back severely just
after flowering to get wealth of bloom next year

Crimson Rambler; March; before pruning

It was cut back severely

And made a growth like this during the year

Jury, 1908

Have ready a sheet of thick cardboard or
a wide, thin piece of soft wood. Form the
mass into beads, rolling in the hands into
balls of any desired size, but being careful
to keep them very round. Stick a heavy
pin through each bead, and stick the pin
into the cardboard, so that the bead is held
free to dry. Let the beads remain until
thoroughly dried and hardened.

Candied rose-petals are a luxury if one
buys them at the confectioners’, but made
at home they are both inexpensive and good.
Have the petals perfectly fresh and dry.
Melt in a saucepan one cupful of
granulated sugar with one-half cupful
boiling water. Let it boil a little until it
is crisp and brittle when dropped into cold
water. Add quickly enough red coloring
matter to make it a pretty pink shade, and
one drop of attar of roses. Drop in the
petals, press them under the surface of the
syrup for an instant, then separate and stir
with a silver fork until the syrup sugars.
Lift out and shake the petals, then spread_
on an inverted sieve to dry. It will not be
easy at first, because it requires a deft and
light touch, but it is worth while to try.
The red coloring matter may be bought at
any reliable drug store, but be sureand tell
the druggist what you want it for.

New York. S. K. UNDERWOOD.

To Make the Ramblers Flower

i Die Rambler roses need no pruning in
the ordinary sense. When the plant has
become matted with old canes and the wood
so hardened that it is even difficult to make
an impression on it with a knife, vigorous
cutting out is esential to flowers.

A healthy plant will send up from its base
strong, healthy canes if those that have
flowered are cut out immediately the flowers
are past. These young shoots will flower
in abundance next year.

Rambler roses can be used in many other
ways than tacked to the side of a building.
They are particularly effective trained upon
posts. I have seen them pegged down to

the ground and other ramblers trained on
frames, the whole when in flower giving the
appearance of a cascade of roses.

L. J. DoocuE.

Mass.

Peano Beata EOS 8g ~ ao

PRUNING A CRIMSON RAMBLER ROSE FOR MORE FLOWERS

JuULty, 1908 339

Daffodils (Narcissi) naturalized in the grass. The most effective as well as most inexpensive and permanent

hee

way of using Spring Flowering Bulbs

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Wanted TULIPS

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3-25 Sere rise Japan Mixed 1! mamas hy Lear I.25 6.00 25.00
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..Grape Hyacinths, W! -20 1.40
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ASL ES TAT NEI ae oe re STE

SE SS SSS

340

Why You Should Sow an Ounce
of Rock Cress Now

O FAR as I know, the best plant for
carpeting bulb beds, whether perma-
nent or temporary, is the rock cress, Arabis
albida — not alpina. It is perennial, easily
raised from seeds, hides the dirt, does not
rob the soil or otherwise interfere with the
bulbs, blooms when they do, and, since its
flowers are white they are sure to combine
well with any other color.

Every bulb bed ought to be covered with
some shallow-rooted plant , because the
soil is too much in evidence in April, and
nothing is prettier than the rushing up of
tulips or daffodils through a mossy sheet of

How pretty your tulips and daffodils would look
springing up through a carpet of white flowers like
rock cress!

foliage. For temporary beds, the carpeting
plants should bloom at the same time with
the bulbs, but for permanent beds they may
bloom later. The favorites seem to be
forget-me-nots, English daisies, and pansies.

Why not get an ounce or more of rock
cress seed now; sow it and have by the
autumn all the plants you will need for
covering your bulb beds and for edging
portions of the shrubbery, the grape arbor,
or hardy border?

Almost every nurseryman, seedsman, and
gardener calls rock cress Arabis alpina
instead of albida, or if by chance he gets the
latter, he puts the accent on the second
syllable. Albida, of course, means whitish,
referring doubtless to the woolly covering
of the leaves. I have not yet seen any of the
true alpina in cultivation and Wm. Robinson
says it is inferior to albida.

Albida has larger flowers than alpina,
whiter foliage, the upper leaves eared at
the base and a few coarse teeth near the tip
of the leaf, whereas in alpina the whole
leaf is toothed.

New Jersey THomas McADAm.

The rock cress has white, four-petaled flowers all
through April

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Garden Work in July

es best way to keep a vegetable garden

free from weeds in very hot weather
is to use a wheel hoe in the cool of the morn-
ing. It is a wholesale method, with the
backache left out. Weeds uprooted then
get baked all day by the sun.

Get a pound or two of crimson clover
now. Just as soon as one row of vegetables
is past, out with it and put in crimson clover
to fertilize your soil. It is a beautiful plant
and makes nitrogen cheaper than you can
buy it. Have a larger garden than you
need and keep half of it in crimson clover
all the time. Or use it in little patches,
wherever a second crop is not needed.

To make squashes and melons quit
growing too lustily, and get down to the
business of making flowers and fruit, pinch
the ends of the vines and then dig in some
unleached wood ashes. Potash is the most
important fruit-making element. Wood
ashes will also help you control insect pests
on these vines

Destroy your ‘strawberry plants after
they have borne two crops. Pot runners
before July rst. If you try to root them in
the field after that you will get few berries
next year or none. During July you can
buy potted plants of new varieties.

The most exasperating thing in a garden
during late June (always excepting the hens)
is a lot of backward vegetables, flowers or
other plants. To make them hustle and
catch up get a fifty-pound bag of nitrate of
soda, put a teaspoonful of it on the soil near
each plant and hoe it in.

In three to five days after a rain or arti-
ficial watering the leaves will be darker and
will start to grow.

One thing you may be sure of —no day
laborer or child knows how to water plants.
Sprinkling is worse than useless because it
doesn’t reach the roots and the ground
bakes next day. No boy realizes the trouble
caused by washing the top soil away.

Have you ever tried this scheme? Make
with a hoe a basin of earth around the
plant that needs water, then fill the basin
and after the water has soaked down cover
the wet space with dry soil. Then you are
sure of your dust mulch, instead of forgetting
it the next morning.

FRUIT

If you want great luscious peaches that
will be a joy to yourself and your friends,
now is the time to thin the fruits — after
the “ June drop.”

It is useless to expect good fruit without
spraying. Spraying costs money and effort
and is not the pleasantest business in the
world, but when you have insured your
trees you have a mighty virtuous feeling.
You ought to have a spraying outfit and
spray twice during July. In a wet season
the foliage should be constantly coated
with Bordeaux mixture, for one can rarely
“cure” a fungous disease; prevention is
the thing. Better begin now than wait
until next spring. If you need advice ask
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Jury, 1908

Cherries will spoil quickly unless you are
careful not to break them from the stems.
Don’t pick them when they are wet by rain
or dew.

Remove suckers from fruit trees as fast
as they form.

FLOWERS AND LAWN

Surely you want a second crop of roses
this year! Then you must be sure to cut
back the hybrid perpetuals after the June
bloom is over. Also you must cultivate and
fertilize. Cut back about six or eight inches.

If the meanest bird in creation is a cuckoo,
the meanest plant is a rose sucker, for it
does the cuckoo act. If you bought “ budded
stock” this year, you will probably be
rejoicing now in the innocence of your
heart over the lusty growth that is springing
up from the ground near one of your rose
bushes. If you let it grow it will kill your
precious variety and you will have nothing
but a worthless wild rose. “Roses and How
to Grow Them” tells all about such things.

Your thumb is worth about twenty dollars
during July for the purpose of pinching
chrysanthemums, cosmos and _ dahlias.
That’s the way to keep them from growing
tall and straggly. Begin in June and make
them compact, shapely, and full of flowers.

What a natural mistake it is to feel that
house plants are unnecessary in summer!
Palms and other decorative plants are
needed to make a house look cool, com-
fortable and homelike.

If you want to have the best geraniums
you ever saw in your house next winter, you
must select your plants now and see that
they do not flower this summer. Otherwise
they will produce few and small flowers this
winter. Give them nitrate of soda to
encourage a rank growth of foliage. Pinch
out every truss of flowers at the earliest stage.
If the plants make switch-like growths,
pinch them back to get compact plants.

The best part of gardening is having
plenty of flowers to cut and give away.
Incidentally the more you cut the more will
follow, as a rule, for the greatest drain upon
a plant’s energies is seed bearing. Cut
every day in the cool of the morning and put
the flowers into pails of water up to their
necks. They will mean twice as much
to your friends and last twice as long as if
you cut them in the heat of the day. —

Are you prepared for that rousing thunder-
storm that is sure to cause havoc in the
garden about the fourth of July? Think now
of your dahlias wrenched into tatters, your
gladioli flat on their faces in the mud, and
your cosmos sprawling in all directions.
Now is the time to stake all tender, top-
heavy plants. Have something inconspic-
uous, strong, neat, permanent.

“Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.”
The kindest gardener is the one who thins
vegetable and flower seedlings most cruelly.
Only to the few is sufficient courage given.

There ought to be a society for the Pre-
vention of Cruelty to Plants. Watering
without mulching afterward is not even
half a kindness for the soil is sure to bake
unless you stir it the morning after.

eee

JuLy, 1908

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GARDEN MAGAZINE 341

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How I Succeed With Shirley
Poppies

Ee Shirley poppy is undoubtedly more
admired than any other of the annual
poppies on account of its wonderful range
and delicacy of color, and also for the
absence of black spots on the petals of
the flower, which are generally considered
a disfigurement. ‘True Shirley poppies are
always single, have a white base with yel-
low or white stamens, anthers and pollen,
and never have the smallest particle of black
about them. ‘They like plenty of sunshine
and will grow in any good garden soil. ‘The
seeds are hardy and in the vicinity of Phila-
delphia it is safe to sow them any time after
the zoth of April, two five-cent packets being
enough for an 18-foot row. Plant them in
the vegetable garden where they can be
staked very easily; if that is not possible,
give them one edge of the seed bed, for the
plants must be where they will not have to
be disturbed all summer.
Prepare the ground for planting by running
a hand-plow down the row, or else spade
up the soil. Then rake it carefully and
smooth with the back of the rake. Mark
out a very shallow furrow, and, should the
ground be dry, sprinkle with a fine spray,
taking care that the soil be made merely
moist and not wet. Open the seed packets
and mix the contents with sand in the pro-
portion of one scant teaspoonful of sand
to each packet. This saves a great deal
of work in thinning out later and gives
stronger plants, for no matter how carefully
poppies are thinned, the plants which are
left from the usual over-crowded row are
weakened and somewhat spindling. Sow
this mixture of sand and seed thinly along
the row. Then take some lumps of dry
earth and powder it with the fingers over
the seeds. As the ground is moist this
forms a very thin crust which prevents the
seeds from blowing away. All the cultural
directions for poppies say to press the seed
in with a plank, but my experience with
two rows planted at the same time has been
that the row sown in the former way gives
more satisfactory results.
The poppies will probably have to be

THE WGA RDN MUAG AZ NeE

thinned when about two inches high, as even
with the admixture of the sand it is not always
possible to sow the tiny seeds evenly. Still, a
much larger number of strong plants will be
had than if the seed were sown in the old way.

When the plants are about a foot high
drive in two strong stakes about two inches
apart at each end of the row and one stake
in the centre. Get galvanized wire and
fasten around the stakes in the form of two
long narrow loops. Wire is more satisfactory
than string as the latter is apt to break when
the plants are at the height of their bloom.
The same wire can be used year after year.
As the plants grow taller, pull them through
these wire loops and in a short time the
wires will be completely hidden.

Spray the plants when the first signs of
buds appear to protect them from their great
enemy, the black aphis. Take half a cake

of ivory soap, cut it up into small pieces
and put it on the stove to melt with two

hf
(Poy Ava

Shirley poppies have most delicate colors in all
shades of pink to white and scarlet

quarts of water. Add to this two gallons
of cold water and spray the plants thor-
oughly, especially the undersides of the
leaves. If any of the blossoms develop the
black spots, pull those plants up imme-
diately, lest they spoil some of the seedlings.

In order to have the blossoms last, drop
them into a pail of water immediately upon
cutting and place the pail, with the poppies
in it, in a cool dark closet for two hours.
In that time the stems will have stiffened and
any flowers which are going to fall will have
shed their petals. The rest you can arrange
as you see fit and they will keep until the
following morning. Be careful when cutting
the poppies that you leave some of the finest
for seed. They will self-sow, and it is abso-
lutely essential that the soil is not disturbed
any more than is necessary for an occasional
weeding. It is these self-sown plants which
give glorious flowers the following year.
In the fall the tiny seedlings will be found
scattered about the poppy row. Do not
allow these to become choked by the fall crop
of weeds, and protect them for the winter

JuLy, 1908.

with a thin covering of leaves. In the early
spring when these leaves are raked off the
little plants will be found green and vigorous.

All gardening books to the contrary, I
have found that I can transplant these with
perfect ease provided that I do it early
enough; the whole secret of success lies in
moving them while the tiny roots are still
dormant. I transplant them about the end
of March and place them about six inches.
apart in the permanent bed. They will
bloom several weeks earlier than those
raised from seed, and the blossoms will be
exceedingly large and beautiful.

For a succession of poppies, I sow a row
of seed in the vegetable garden again, and.
these come into bloom just as the plants which
have lived through the winter are beginning
to lose their beauty. And from this vege-
table garden row I obtain little plants for
the next year. Fragile as poppies seem,
these tiny plants have never failed to sur-
vive the hardest winter, even when poorly
covered
as salvias or geraniums, and feel well repaid
with the beauty of the flowers for the trouble
of transplanting into the garden the poppies.
which have lived through the winter.

New Jersey. Kay K. MEcHLING.

Self-sown Poppies

aeces years ago we became ac-
quainted with’ the fact that annual
poppies will self sow. In the rear of my
house I had a potato patch with dark,
rich soil. Along one side of this was a
border in which were planted various kinds
of flowers, including five or six poppy plants.
These flowered and shed their seed.

Before converting the patch into a.lawn,
soil from the border, mixed with other good
earth, was scattered over the lot to a depth
of about two inches, it first having been
made as fine as possible with a rake. The
poppy seed thus became thoroughly and
evenly distributed over the entire patch.
Grass seed was sown in the fall and the
following spring. When the poppies

bloomed, the entire lawn was covered with
a sheet of variegated colors.
Ohio.

Morris Motz.

For gorgeous red effects in summer the poppies
are the best annuals

I replace them with such things. .

nate Se

The Readers’ Service will give
information about motor boats

Jury, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OOo
>
w

ove Your Lawn the

Weeds must be killed, but scientific treatment is better than digging them up by the roots

By the latter method you hurt the roots of the grass, you make holes in your lawn you

skip many of the weeds (witness the dandelion blooms as proof), and it is hard and
unnecessary labor. We have prepared, tested and proven that

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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JuLyY, 1908

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Ornamental Fruits of July

The second of a series on ‘‘ Ornamental
Fruits for Every Month,” by the author of most
of the articles on trees and shrubs in the “Cy-
clopedia of American Horticulture.”

OST shrubbery borders are rather

uninteresting in July because there

are few flowers in them then. But they

could be made most interesting by using

some of the following bushes which have
showy berries in July.

Many of the bush honeysuckles begin to
ripen their fruits in July, e.g., the well-
known Tartarian honeysuckle with its red
or yellow berries in peduncled pairs along
the branches; Lonicera Ruprechtiana with
dark red berries and L. Morrowit with berries
of similar color and grayish green foliage.
The last is one of the handsomest in fruit
and keeps its foliage longer than the others.
The hybrids between these species, of which
there are a number in cultivation, are equally
handsome in flower and fruit.

The berries of L. chrysantha are of a par-
ticularly bright cherry red, and ripen early,
while the similar L. Xvlosteum has dark
cherry-red berries. The fruits of all these
species begin to shrivel in September and
disappear gradually, but L. Xylostewm and
L. Morrowii hold their fruits somewhat
longer. Of striking appearance is L. Lede-
bourii with its purplish black berries sur-
rounded by large purple bracts. Also
Lonicera alpigena with bright scarlet berries
is very handsome. About the beginning
of September, Lonicera berica ripens its
shining bright orange-red berries which are
borne at the end of the branchlets and stand
out conspicuously from the grayish green
foliage of the roundish, densely branched
shrub and remain until the frost sets in.
The foliage keeps fresh and green until late
in October or the beginning of November.

Among the climbing honeysuckles the
most conspicuous in fruit is the Lonicera
Sullivantit with large clusters of scarlet or
bright orange-red berries at the end of the
branches, which persist until November.

An extremely handsome shrub in fruit is’

the red-berried elder or mountain elder
(Sambucus racemosa or S. pubens), with its
great clusters of brilliant coral red berries
along the branches, which last from the middle
of July through August if not carried away
by the birds. It is a spreading shrub with
stout branches growing to a height of three
to ten feet; and doing well in soil that is net
too wet. The habit and the large pinnate
leaves give the plant a somewhat coarse
look, and as the foliage often becomes
unsightly in late summer it is not a shrub
for the more trimly kept parts of the garden.

A handsome Japanese shrub is Eleagnus
longipes which ripens its brownish-red,
oblong berries at the beginning of July.
These hang on slender stalks from the
spreading branches and remain for some
time on the branches, if not eaten by the
birds or by the small boy, for they are of
agreeable sub-acid flavor. The shrub rarely
exceeds six feet and prefers a sunny situation
with a well-drained soil.

A handsome low-spreading shrub is Cor-

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
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Jury, 1908 THE

A selected list of the newer

tested at our trial grounds as well as
the best of the older sorts are fully
described in

DREER’S

Mid-Summer Catalogue

Also the best varieties of Celery, Cabbage
Plants, etc.

A most complete list of the Best Hardy
Perennial Seeds for summer sowing.

Also vegetable and farm seeds for sum-
mer and fall sowing. Select list of season-

“.
nds of strawberries that have been }f

able decorative and flowering plants.

Write for a copy and kindly
mention this magazine—FREE

HENRY A. DREER PHILADELPHIA |

Esme enO UE A Specialist
Choice Evergreens oreinrn TEE

Grea Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large tilustrated catalog.
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist,
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

Late Planting

of hardy perennials, shrubs, trees, vines, etc., can

be done with good results by sending into North-

ern Vermont for Horsford’s Hardy Plants for

cold climates—best in quality, lowest in price.

Plants from the NORTH may be set long after

the Southem nurseries have finished shipping.
Ask for catalogue.

F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte, Vt.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDS in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

Write to-day for our art booklet ** How
Rose to Grow Roses”? and our New Flo-
ral Guide—rREE.

CONARD & JONES CO.. Box P, West Grove, Pa.

Growers of **the Best Roses in America.”

Apollo Lawn Sweeper
Makes the Ideal Lawn

Sweeps like a carpet-sweeper. Picks up dead
grass, leaves, sticks, stones and all litter. Takes
out worm casts, ant hills, crab grass, etc. Actually ¢™@
improvesthe turf. Gives the lawn a chance to take |
on that beautiful, rich green, velvety app~.rance. |

Runs Easier than a Lawn Mower |

faster than three men with rakes.
Free Trial. Money back if not catisfactory.
Ask Your Dealer, or Write Us For
Booklet showing the Apollo at work

and telling all about it. Write @
today to Pb
The Greene Mfg. Co.,

507 Sycamore St.,
Springfieid, O.

Ag’ts
wanted
in every
sState—ex-
elusive terri-
tory — profits
large.

G A R D E N M A G A 7, I N E Write to the Readers’ Service for 24

suggestions about greenhouses

The New Century Lawn Sprinkler

Revolves freely with any pressure. Equal spray
over circle from three to fifty feet in diameter.

MAY BE OPENED
AT THE toe
mers
=<
Cen Tnar

Head and 3 Body
Arms of Black
Polished Brass Enameled

in
ee

® e ¢ i)
“Burlington Venetian Blind . Wheel
makes your porches perfectly secluded, gratefully Mounted
shady and delightfully cool—home summer resorts on Wide Base, Red Enameled

to entertain friends in the open air, yet screened
from public gaze, to take your ease, have luncheon

or tea, do sewing—or play-places for the children. SIMPLE AND DURABLE
Make Your Rooms Cool and Beautiful

by the free ventilation and artistic half-light of
Burlington Venetian Blinds. Very easy to attach.

Made to Order Only. Venetian and Sliding,
any Bice aiccd and finish, at most advantageous

Your money back if not entirely satisfactory. Sent
express prepaid anywhere in the United States east
of Rocky Mountains for only $2.50. Descriptive

ee Window Se and Screen Doors of circular free.
ztmproved design and szferzoy material.

Send for Free Catalog THE YOST ELECTRIC MFG. Co.
Burlington Venetian Elind Co., 327Lake St., Burlington, Vt. Lincoln Ave., Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.

Cabot’s
Shingle Stains

—— ROR and all exterior wood-work, especially

HOUSES opiele They aan sae ,

in color, easier and quick ply,
BARNS wear better, look better, and are
STABLES fifty per cent. cheaper than paint.
SHEDS Creosote, the chief ingredient, is

FENCES the best wood-preservative known.

Samples of Stained Wood, with Chart of Color
Combinations, sent on application.

SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Mfr., 1 Oliver St., BOSTON, MASS.

Agents atall Central Points.

Cabot's Shingle Statins
7, Fr., Architect, Chicago

3 The Readers’ Service will give you
46 information about motor boats

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

Jury, 1908

Something More
About This Greenhouse for
Comparatively Little Money

ERCHANCE + you may have the

idea that because this attractive little

greenhouse is made with our Sec-
tional [ron Frame Construction, in the
same way as our larger houses, that it will
probably be too expensive for you? Or
in other words, you have looked at the
house and very much desired it, but hesi-
tated about bothering us with your inqui-
ries. And there is where you make two
mistakes.

In the first place, although this house is
not a so-called cheap house—it is neverthe-
less as mexpensive as an enduring, every
way satisfactory greenhouse can be.

Selling it as we do, with all parts cut,
drilled, fitted, and given one coat of paint,
(with everything ready for immediate
erection by your local mechanic) the very

considerable cost item of skilled labor is
overcome.

THE BENCHES you can have of all
cypress, or pipe frame, in accord with the
length of your pocketbook.

THE HEATING will cost the same
in whatever kind of house you put up—
that is, with an entirely dependable heat-
ing apparatus—and of course, no one can
afford to take any chances with growing
things, when freezing weather has to be
taken into consideration.

The matter of answering your inquiry is a
simple one, because we have an eight page
folder which describes every important de-
tail of the house, and gives you just the in-
formation we imagine you want. So let
us send the circular, and although we will
keep you in mind, you shall not be nagged
by numberless follow-up letters.

LORD AND BURNHAM Co.

Main Sales Office
1133 Broadway, New York

Boston

819 Tremont Bldg.

BOX AND BAY TREES|
EVERGREENS IN TUBS

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS AND
PLANTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG FREE
THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, Inc.
Bedford, Massachusetts.

Philadelphia
1215 Filbert Street

Dutch Bulbs and Roots

Of All Varieties

oo" C. G. van Tubergen, Jr.
Haarlem, Holland

Orders for importation only. Catalog free.
C.C. ABEL & CO.,Soie Agents, 112 Broad St., New York

WHAT TO PLANT FROM JUNE UNTIL SEPTEMBER

SEND FOR FREE COPY OF

RAWSON’S MID-SUMMER GARDENING

TELLS HOW TO GET RESULTS FROM FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES
W.W. RAWSON & CO., 5 Union Street, Boston, Mass.

taria Japonica with glossy green foliage and
berries which are bright red at the end of
July, but change later to a bluish black
color and drop in August. It is, however,
not quite hardy and needs protection in the
Northern States.

The mountain holly (Nemopanthus Can-
adensis or N. fascicularis) shows its purple
slender-stalked fruits by the end of July and
keeps them until about the middle of August;
it is a slender shrub from five to ten feet high
with insignificant flowers and pale green
foliage and grows well in moist or swampy
soil.

The fruits of the climbing bittersweet
nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara) begin to
assume their brilliant scarlet color about
the end of July and continue to appear in
loose drooping clusters together with the
violet flowers until the frost sets in. This
shrubby vine delights in somewhat shady
and moist situations and keeps its fruit long
after the leaves have fallen.

Most kinds of dogwood have ornamental
berries. The earliest to ripen is the Siberian

ae —— . ~rpearcmane me <perernee

teat S|

The edible fruits of Hleagnus longipes make it one
of the most attractive shrubs of July

dogwood (Cornus alba), which bears about
the middle of July clusters of, milky white
fruit-berries, and similar fruits are borne
somewhat later by the red osier dogwood.
Both species are very conspicuous in winter
with their bright red stems.

One of the most beautiful of the shrubs
with ornamental fruit is the high bush cran-
berry or cranberry tree (Viburnum Opulus),
with its pendulous clusters of brilliant scarlet
berries. ‘These assume a light yellow color
by the end of July and gradually change
to scarlet, and remain on the branches
throughout the winter without losing their
color.

Mass.

[The next article will be exceptionally
interesting because it describes the unique
magnolia fruits, the roses that have the
prettiest fruits and the great genus Vibur-
num.—KEditor.]

ALFRED REHDER.

Jury, 1908 AP TRL TB) GEA TR TOMI I NCE CRN YAH Bac a ail ho itso sare deg 347

Russia's
Hessage

WILLIAM ENGLISH WALLING

COMPLETE and _illumi-
nating study of Russia;
the crushing oppression,
the awakening of the peasants,
the anti-Government parties, and
the controlling ideas of the Revo-
lution—the greatest world-drama
since the Revolution in France.

Three Sizes

8 inch blades, $2.00

“ce “cc

9 2.50

“ ce

10 3,00

Those Teeth

Preventslippiag by
gripping the
branches and elimi-

nate half tie labor

The feature
of these shears
is the serrated
edge running along
the entire length of one
blade. This slight chanve
saves half of the fatiguine
effort that is required to oper-
ate ordinary hedge shears, It
does away with stopping for adjust-
ment, as in the notched shears. They
cut without slipping at any part of the
blade. No more waste of time or eneryy
over the grindstone. The teeth are sloped to-
ward the point so that the cutting blade is sharp-
ened by each successive stroke. Made in Sheffield
for the Benion Company, after the perfectly balanced
English model.
The Neverslip Garden Tools

have the same non-slipping and self-sharpening features as the N-\er-
slip Hedge Shears and are of the same high standard of workmanship.
Neverslip ] Se ]
Branch
Shears i
Made in Shef- .
field, solid
steel, hand
forged, 31
inches long, 3
ris @lel wisi
Price, #4. Oe. -

46 pages of photographs and a map

$3.25

Postpaid

THE WorRLD's WorK THe GARDEN
MAGAZINE

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YorK.

Neverslip

| Pruners
No. 100. Cali-
fornia pattern,
hand forged,
tool steel
TT lock 1 nut, ‘volute spring, and Regulating Ratchet, 9

CARE OF AUTOMOBILES

By BURT J. PARIS
@ This practical little hand-book tells everything worth knowing

inches. Price Toe.
Neverslip Pruners No. 108, Same as No. 100, with loop grip on lower
handle 9 inches, Price $1.25. Plain Grass Shears, 5 1-2 inches, 40c
On sale at lending dealers, or order by mailat published
prices. Express prepaid for orders of $2.00 or inore to all points east
of the Mississippi. Przxzted matter giving testimonials from pronii=
nent horticulturists, and detailed information sent on request,

GEO. E. BENTON CO. 99 Reade St., New York.

on the subject, and is absolutely non-technical. The author has
drawn upon many years of observation and personal experience.

At all bookstores, $1.00, or
‘How to Make Things Grow”’ DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Publishers, 133 East 16th St., New York

A booklet of value to everyone interested in hardier
plants, more luxuriant flowers and a larger garden

output. It’s free if you mention Garden Magazine- a Seer

Farming. P h By ra Rad yard eipling s Books
IS-CHALM S COMPANY ni fulsieize:

ELLIS-CHALMERS COMPANY ocket E:dition of THE SBYBN BAS, New Botti

MANY INVENTIONS. New Edition.

$1.50.
$45.00 per 1000; NOT $18.00 9 COLLECTED VERSE OF RUDYARD
5.00 per 100; NOT 4.00 KIPLING. $1.92 postpaid.
Prices of Amoor River Privet, quoted in our May THE BRUSHWOOD BOY. New Edi-

ads. were badly off; correct figures are as above. Our prices are as low tion. illustrated by Townsend. $1.58
as is consistent with superior stock. Carriage charges prepaid on all postpaii
orders for $10 or more. Peter’s Nursery Co., Box 367, Knoxville, Tenn. FROM SEA TO SEA. (One Volume.)

66 K : 99
d $1.74 postpaid.
1m, an PUCK OF POOK’S HILL, Illustrated

in color. $1.50.
THEY. Special Holiday Edition. Illus-

es ) ») ») trated in color. $1.60 postpaid.
c a y S Or TRAFFICS AND DISCOVERIES.
$1.50 5

50.
THE FIVE NATIONS. $1.51 postpaid.

Flowers To Fill Vacancies
in the Garden

Can be Supplied Now areas : : JUST SO STORIES. — $1.37 postpaid.
Send for our Catalogue Miucsiseae most luxumous and delightful | Te 157 So SONG BOOK $uz8
SHATEMUC NURSERIES edition, printed on thin but opaque paper aH Ae eile eA

BARRYTOWN Ducetese Can Nh Se and bound in imported leather, which 1s a SIE OS so ee

real pleasure to handle. We have never Ol ene ee
H.PSTATIO NARS 19> ERGINE
ENGINE one

1 j Mine Own Peop!
published a more. thoroughly satisfactory Ti SIPLING cS ae
book ma ewer) particular. UNDER THE DEODARS,THE PHAN-
FOr FARM AND SHOP WORK. Start
without cranking; no cams or gears.

D c TOM ’RICKSHA LW pe WEE
Bound in rich red leather WILLIE WI
Burns Alcohol, Kerosene and Gasoline.
All sizes in stock —2 to 20 horse-

THE LIGHT THAT FAILED. $1.
power. Steel connecting rods. Anti- g

i ' R STORIES. $1.50.
Size 434x73%. Each, $1.57 postpaid. fee a aE Boe Ae aoe
friction bearings; no vibration.

LAHKA. =
Woe ‘THE WoEID's Worx id ‘Tae GARDEN
Write for free catalog. Run Sep- Comma §) ® SIS

DEP: ARTI MENT I iT I ues ele
arators, Corn Shredders, Grist fe , a
- DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEw YorK. | AND WHI

Mills, Pumps, Dynamos. Etc.
EE IE SASL PSE ES ROLE Se

DETROIT ENGINE WORKS, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.

348

BEST FOR
ALL AXLES

/GREASE

You will make more trips,
draw bigger loads, save un-
due wear on box and axle,

and keep the hard-working

horse in better shape by an
occasional application of Mica

Axle Grease. Nothing like it

to take the painful, heavy,
downward drag out of a big

load. Ask the dealer for

Mica Axle Grease.
STANDARD

OIL COMPANY

(Incorporated)

«

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.,
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill.

YOU CAN KEEP DRY AND
eve, COMFORTABLE

IN THE

HARDEST STORM

by wearing

CLOTHING

BLACK OR YELLOW

Every Garment
j uaranteed
: LIGHT - CLEAN - DURABLE

LOW IN PRICE
i

WRITE TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET
DESCRIBING MANY KINDS OF
WATERPROOF GARMENTS

A.J. TOWER CO. BOSTON, U.SA
WER CANADIAN CO, LIMITED. TORONTO,CAN.

Tf you are planning to build the Readers’
Service can often give helpful sug gestion

THE’ GARDEN MAGAZINE

Jury, 1908

Plant Gladiolus Now

hers end of June is not too late to plant
gladiolus. Our first fifty bulbs were
set out on the 20th of June last year, seventy-

five some five days later, and the balance on.

July 1st —about two hundred and fifty
in all. The bulbs were Groff’s hybrids,
a mixture of all grades and seasons, and it
was the second year’s planting of them.
They were given a little fertilizer at the time
of planting, and also when the flower stalks
were forming.

The picture of the gladiolus bed shows one
hundred plants fifty-four days after planting.
In eight weeks, or, by the end of August,

Gladiolus flowers eight weeks after planting. The
bulbs were set out June 20

flowers were abundant. ‘The largest blossom
of the season measured five and five-eighth
inches from tip to tip, and there were many
during the season which reached the five-inch
mark. Fully three-quarters of the bulbs
threw up two, and a few three flower stalks,
many of which were from four to five feet
high, and all carried from nineteen to twenty-
five flowers each.

The first hard frost of the season came on
September 21st (perhaps a week or ten days
later than usual), and killed dahlias and
tender plants in the neighborhood. My
hillside garden was favored, however, and
for ten days longer the gladioli showed no
ill effects from the nightly frosts. About
twenty flower stalks in bud were finally
caught, however, but the buds were
sufficiently developed to open in the house.
Warmer weather followed and the bulbs were
allowed to remain in the ground until the
first of November. I had feared that the

6

4S y,
\
\

If You Understand Modern Methods and
FARM INTELLIGENTLY

Every reader ot THE GARDEN MaGAzINnE who is
interested in farming or gardening, in the growing of
fruit or of flowers, is invited to send fora free copy of
our 80-page catalogue and full information in regard to
the Home Study Coursesin Agriculture, Horticulture,
Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which we offer
under Prof. Brooks of the Massachusetts Agricultural
College and Prof. Craig of the Cornell University.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept 8, Springfield, Mass.

BLIZZARD Ensilage Cutter

gy with wind elevator,either mounted or unmounted.

‘ Cuts hay, straw, feed, etc. Eleyates to any

HM] height. Strong, durable, economical. Fully

Wom guaranteed. Send for new illustrated
catalogue FREE.

JOSEPH DICK |
AGRICULTURAL WORKS —
Box 97 Canton,0.

?
Thorburn’s Lawn Grass Seeds
Containing a mixture of the finest Grasses: Quart 25¢, 2 quarts 45¢,
4 quarts 80c. Sent prepaid by mail to any address in the Unite
States. Write for Catalogue.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., 33 Barclay St., New York
THE “PILOT” GASLIGHT MAKER

For Country Homes, Hotels, Stores. Makes brilliant Whzte, Eye-
saving Gaslight, which costs a ¢hzrd ess than Kerosene Light. Tell
us how #zazy rooms or size of your Store to Light and we will
quote you interesting price. Address

“-The Pilot Generator,’ 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago

SEND FOR STEVENS’ COMPLETE
CATALOG

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL CO.
420 Front Street, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.
pant wears well only when made from Pure

White Lead. Kegs bearing the Dutch Boy

Painter contain genuine old Dutch Process White
Lead. Look for the Boy.

$10

Victor ,,

HIS MASTERS VOICE

10 CENTS PER ROL
ALL SIZES.
VELOX PRINTS, BROWNIES, 3c;
34% x34, 34 x4% 4c; 4x5, 3a 5c.
Send us two negatives and we will printthem wzthour

— charge as 2 sample of our work; we are film specialists
& and give you better results than you have ever had.

The Readers’ Service will give you S
injormation about motor boats 349

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

BAMBOO STAKES

from JAPAN

The MOST durable in existence. Will not
decay for a long time. Can be used season after
season.

Indispensable for tying up Lilies, Roses, Gla-
dioli, Chrysanthemums, small shrubs, Tomato

Plants, etc.
6 ft. long, per 100 250 500 1000
$1.00 $2.25 $3.75 $6.00

Extra Strong Bamboo Stakes from Japan

These are especially adapted for proving a Strong
Support for Dahlias, young trees, large shrubs,
heavy vines. Also for use in building artistic
fences, gates, arbors, small bridges where Japan
Garden effects are desired.

Jupiy, 1908

Have a Glass Enclosed Garden

But don’t be persuaded into thinking that one greenhouse

12 100
.75 $5.00
7 ft. long, 14 in. to 2 in. diameter, $1.00 6 00

“For larger quantities special prices.’’

Our New Fall Bulb Catalogue will appear August 1st.

Send in your name Now to be sure to get it.

We will have some fine Novelties and surprises for Fall
planting.

H. H. BERGER & CO.
70 Warren St. New York

5% ft. long, 14 in. to 2 in. diameter,

is as good as another — there is always one best in every
thing and there are definite, plain, common sense reasons
why U-Bar greenhouses are the best and will produce
more and better flowers with less trouble and expense
than any other house.

Then there is the question of attractiveness— and of
equal importance, lightness, strength, durability and free- -
dom from repairs. So before you commit yourself to
any- other construction, send for catalog.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIERSON
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS

S34 Sheep Manure

'B, 5
PARREL EQUA?) Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad
Modors. Helps nature hustle. For garden,
qlawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants.

4 0 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order.
° Delivered to your Freight Station

Apply now.
ThePulverlzed Manure Go., 19Union Stock Yards, Chicago.

U-BAR CO.
1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK.

The Elm City Nursery Company, New Haven, Connecticut

NEW HYDRANGEA

PLANT YOUR GARDEN BY THE

WHAT
PETER ADAMS METHOD. EE EES Gn GRANDIFLORA ALBA
Write today for full information. The most valuable addition to our
SAYS strictly hardy garden shrubs that has

Special Offer. 3 Garden Unit Pkts. 10c.
HENRY SAXTON ADAMS Wellesley, Mass.

BURPEE’S complete illustrated Farm

Annual 1908 is FREE to
anyone with a garden. Write to-day.
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

3 appeared in years. Withstands zero

=f weather without injury. Immense

w heads of purest white blooms in June

(See 2llustration). After maturity turn-

ing to deep green like the foliage,—

S an attractive feature. As a specimen

The New Hardy Hy- in groups, or massed in the foreground

drangea—Jrom photo of taller shrubs itis a tremendous success.

PRICES (Ca established, deliv-\ From 6 inch pots, $1.50 each.

ery after April mth} $13.50 per 10; 5 inch pots,$r 00

each, $9.00 per 10; 4 inch pots, $.50 each, $4.50 per 10; 3 inch pots, $.35
each, $3.25 per 10. Shipment by Lxpress advised.

Semi-Portable Gas Engines

Philadelphia Two cycle engines that are as economical and easier

To lean something FERTILIZERS

Address German Kali Works.
93 Nassau Street

FAIRF AX ROSES

Catalogue free
Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

CANNOT BE EQUALLED
W.R, GRAY,

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate Sold in Original Bags

NITRATE AGENCIES CO.
64 Stone Street, New York

Keyser Building, Baltimore, Md.

36 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga.
305 Baronne Street, New Orleans, La.

Holcombe & Co., 50 Clay Street,
San Francisco, Cal.
Address Office Nearest You

Orders for All Quantities Promptly Filled

rite for Quotations

The Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.

Our 1908 hardy tree and plant catalog is now ready. You

can well afford to send for a copy before placing your spring order.
Strictly the best grade only, at consistent prices

A Nes at all seasons

to operate than four cycle engines. With Screen
cooling tank that uses 1 to 2 gallons water per H. P.
Less for short runs.

The most compact, durable, simple and efficient
engines for spraying, silo filling, pumping, feed cut-

New York

Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

J iG ae in postage stamps tovether with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
inanufacturer, a fresh sample brick of
gexme Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN
the ek high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., St. Paul, Minn.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

ting, individuallighting plants. wood sawing, thresh-
ing, cream separators, etc. State your requirements.
We furnish complete outfits. Send for catalog and
price list.

The Maxwell & Fitch Company

518 Dominick St., Rome, N.

It takes over twenty years

Start with the largest stock that can be secured!
to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an
immediate effect. Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES °C psicscerpnia, Pa.

WI. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

iene annem

300

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

The

ERKINS
STUDIOS

Will be pleased to
send upon request,
prints of any of its
works shown in Mar-
ble, Stone and Pom-
peian stone, which
successfully with-
stands the American
climate.

Large book of 400
Classical and Italian
models 25 Cents.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS
Bea

6 WEST 15TH STREET Bes, sic ial Sh na
NEW YORK Pn nCesie ioe 3 tk

SNINY3 ANI

CARRARA
ITALY

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO

RANDOLPH & CANAL STS.

74 CORTLANDT ST.
NE CHICAGO,

W YORK.

co B Shredded or
im ags Pulverized

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write

for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Water Your Flowers
Once in 2 Weeks

It is not necessary to waterthem more frequently if
you use the

Illinois Self Watering Flower Box

and you will have better, hardier, longer lived plants
with the least time and trouble. The roots absorb just
thenecessary <! A ® 5
amount of water
from reservoir at
bottom of the
box which Is@ pe
filled about once
in two weeks. ‘ diseis be.

Illinois Boxes : :
are neatly made ;
of metal, rust- 4% : ;
proof and leak- coe nos
proof, beautifully tment anh ona
finished and last for years. Endorsed by all users.
Just the thing for indoor use during the colder weather.
They are inexpensive and sold on

30 Days FREE Trial

Write today for Illustrated Descriptive Booklet. It’s
FREE.

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURINGCO.
3949 Wentworth Ave. Chicago, IIl.

June planted gladiolus showing seven weeks’ growth.
Flowers were cut until frost came

short season of growth and the wealth of
bloom would prevent a good development
of bulbs for the present year, but when lifted
many were found to have multiplied three
and four times, and a goodly number
measured from seven to eight inches in
circumference.

Minn. LiLiie K. JENNISON.

A Simple Way to Have Clean
| Berries

HE accompanying picture shows a
cheap and simple way of keeping
raspberries from getting into the dirt. All
the bush fruits are easily spattered and soiled
by rain, and it is disagreeable to eat anything
that is gritty.
All you have to do is to throw down some

The lawn clippings strewn between the berry bush
rows will keep the fruits free from grit

litter upon the ground, as shown in the pic-
ture. Clippings from the lawn are worth
saving for such a purpose, but coarse straw
is better, because longer and_ therefore
more easily laid down and taken up.

Such a mulch need not interfere with the .

cultivation, as it is only put down a few days

before the berries are ready to pick and

may be taken up as soon as the crop is gone.
New York. W. M.

‘ON WASH DAY

The Hill Dryer may be put up in a
minute. Holds 150 feet of line on
revolving frame that brings clothes to you.

Taken down and put away for the rest
of the week, leaving nothing to mar the
lawn.

Strong, serviceable, durable. With
proper care will last a lifetime. Pleases
every woman. Nearly 1,000,000 people
use them. $6.70 to $10.00.

Sold by Hardware and Department Stores
Write for Catalog 39 and Money Back Offer.

HILL DRYER COMPANY]

359 Park Ave., WORCESTER, [IASS.

Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive Catalogue
of over 50 pages, which tells about
this class of plants. It?s free.

EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass.

COMPETENT GARDENERS

The comforts and products of a country home are in-
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want
to engage one write to us. Please give particulars re-
garding place and say whether married or single man is
wanted. We have been supplying them for years to the
best people everywhere. No fee asked. PETER
HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen and Florists, 35 and
37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

Paeonies

eties from every source. Lists free.
E. J. SHAYLOR & SON

Paeony Specialists

Wellesley Hills Massachusetts
POTATOES ‘he’

P : Watson—High Pressure

—Automatie—including Agitator and Strainer Cleaner—
Sprays 40 acres dailvy—State experiments show gain of more than
er acre by using the WATSON. Booklet FREE.

LP FORCE PUMP CO. 48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y-

=
=
Ishe)

PAGE FENCE LASTS LONGEST

Page Fence is woven from heavy galvanized high-carbon spring
wire; it’s made for rough weather and rough treatment, Lasts

a lifetime. Write for catalog. y
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 8321, Adrian, Mich.

_ UBETIKILL (©

MICE:

Exterminates field mice, house mice, and other rodents
in houses, greenhouses, hotbeds, barns and stables. Package
(containing enough Ubet Ikill to kill 1,000 mice) 60 cents, car-
riage paid.

STUMPP & WALTER CO., Distributing Agents
50 Barclay Street. New York City

_ MADE BY

[ARTZ

NEW YORK

BOROUGH.

ILLETT’S

The best in the world. ©
All the choice vari-’

Jury, 1908 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 351

THE NEW NATURE LIBRARY

HAS JUST BEEN COMPLETED IN FIFTEEN LARGE VOLUMES

THE THE THE:

THE
,TURE NATURE NATURE NATURE NATURE NATH!
LIBRARY LIBRARY LIBRARY

BRARY LIBRARY LIBRARY

vou 7 OLA
ANIMALS BUTTERFLIES
STONE @- CRAM. HOLLAND

SPAY, PAGE & CO. GOMY PAGER CG cHEDAPAGERE oygtppay.PAGEALCO —SOTLEDAYPAGE CO © —OUMLEDAY, PAGE WCU SOUBLENAY; PANE KOO © vovRMNDA PAGE RON DOUBLEDAY, PAGE ACD OUBLEDAYPAGEEC! §—onRLeDAG RAGE AC! DOUBLEDAY,PAGEGC: DOUBLENAMEAGE EC

6000 pages, 430 plates in color, nearly 4000 half-tones, most of them from life, and 2590 other illustrations, in
all 7000 pictures of Animals, Birds, Fish, Butterflies, Moths, Insects, Wild Flowers, Trees, Reptiles, Shells, etc.

HE last volume, ‘‘Shells,’’ is ready for shipment, so that incomplete sets may now be filled. To

produce the ‘‘Nature Library’’ has taken ten years of careful and painstaking endeavor and this is
the most important book enterprise in which we have engaged. Many manuscripts submitted have
i been rejected as not being up to the standard of excellence established. Throughout we have insisted .
H that the information should be accurate and scientific and at the same time presented in an interesting
and ‘‘live’’? way. As completed, this work is

THE ONLY SATISFACTORY AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY

oles ellliens am ati edaaediie ne ee

. : *s .¢- | While accurate and scientific, I have found them (the volumes) very readable.
John_ Burroughs, in the General Introduction, writes: Burroughs, in the General Introduction, writes: The treatment is popular without being sensational. This library is free

from the scientific dry rot on the one hand and from the florid and misleading romanticism of much recent nature writing on the other. It is a
safe guide to the world of animal and plant life that lies about us.”

TITLES AUTHORS
Vol. 1. Bird Neighbors Vol. 6. Butterflies Vol. 11. Trees W. J. Holland William E. Cram A. R. Dugmore
Vol. 2. Game Birds Vol. 7. Moths Vol. 12. Frogs L. O. Howard Julia E. Rogers Nina L. Marshall
Vol. 3. Bird Homes Vol. 8. Insects Vol. 13. Reptiles David Starr Jordan Witmer Stone Raymond L. Ditmars
Vol. 4. Animals Vol. 9. Wild Flowers Vol. 14. Mosses and Lichens | Neltje Blanchan B. W. Evermann Mary C. Dickerson
Vol. 5. Fishes Vol. 10. Mushrooms Vol. 15. Shells With a general introduction by John Burroughs

This is the time of the year that the ‘‘Nature Library’’ is the most useful and we want to tell you how you can add this great work to your
library. An entirely new plan of sale has been arranged and you will be surprised to learn the favorable terms we are able to make you.

SEND FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AT ONCE

casusicdl bated ce acntelenedee ell Sle be tein eA ea to RR SPS Oe ae en FHBINR COVBS TEV BTR Bbecteessdat ca ese ere ee MO en UE eee

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,

133 EasST 16TH STREET, NEW YORK

Please send me descriptive circulars and full
details of your new plan for the purchase of the
Nature Library.

i
4
|

Te NBA i 0 FUL ej RD PON RN eS)

9 Tf you are pianning to build, the Readers’
352 Service can often give helpful suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JuuyY, 1908 -

WROUGHT IRON
FENCE

And Entrance Gates

WIRE FENCING

Ornamental Iron-Work, Tree-
Guards, Lawn Furniture,- Etc.
TENNIS COURT ENCLOSURES A SPECIALTY

F-E:CARPENTER CO.,
7&9 WARREN ST., — NEW YORK

For the protection and or-
\\|{ Qamentation of lawns, ceme-
ll\|Jteries, parks, tennis courts and
jijall public and private
ii |{grounds, Carpenter’s crea-
tions in wrought iron or wire
are artistic in the highest de-
gree and as substantial and
durable as they are pleasing
to the eye.
i) Special designs of any style
for height made to order.
Write or call for estimates
Wand full particulars.

Ideas of a Plain
Country Woman.

By the “‘COUNTRY CONTRIBUTOR”

The chapters include among others:

Some Needs of Women.

Old Maids and Single Women.
The Good and Evil of Books.
The Truth About Love.

A Chapter for Men to Read.

Some of them have appeared serially,
but there are many new.

A READER SAYS: “No one has come so close—
has said to us so many things that our mothers might
have, but did not,’

All Book Stores, $1.10 Postpaid

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw YorK.

HARDY NEW ENGLAND GROWN NURSERY STOCK

WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF

Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc.

Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking.

BAY STATE NURSERIES

Ornamental Fences, Gates, Arches, Vines, Trellis,

Lawn Borders arethe best. Don’t buy until you have
seen the Cyclone Catalog. Write for it today.

The Cyclone Woven Wire Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio

Genuine Bavarian Horse-Radish

Shipped by export house.
George Roesch

Baiersdorf (Bavaria)

1170 Broadway

NORTH ABINGTON, MASS.

Dutch Bulbs

Sold by the Grower Direct
to the Planter
We are the only dealers in the United States

owning and working nurseries in the Sassenheim
district of Holland.

Orders taken now, billed July 15th, will be
filled direct from our nurseries and healthy,
first-class, true-to-name bulbs guaranteed.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

FRANKEN BROS., Deerfield, Ill.

BARTON LAWN TRIMMER

Saves all the tedious trimming with sickle and
Send for

The best trimmer known.
E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa.

shears.

booklet.

Solving the Greenhouse Question

There are a hundred and one things
which you no doubt want to know
about this greenhouse question, before
deciding definitely upon it. We have
a booklet which answers these ques-
tions In an interesting and readable way
—numerous illustrations—send for it.

HITCHINGS & COMPANY
New York

Summer Dairy Market

ON A recent trip to the station with

our weekly consignment of butter
for the city market I chanced to meet the
local grocer’s boy bringing four large tubs
from their nearby place of business on‘a
wheelbarrow. Misfortune overtook him
while crossing the tracks and the tubs of
butter slid to the ground. The cover came
off one, followed by a couple of handfuls of
salt and the muslin circle that had been
used to cover the butter and then the whole
mass slid partially out into the cinders.
It was hastily slid back, the cover pounded
on with the boy’s boot heel and the tubs
hurried aboard the train. What the ultimate
fate of that butter would be in the city
market was hard to conjecture, but its
whole history was a sad tale.

The overburdened farmer’s wife not only
has to make the butter but in many instances
has to submit to having the cream separator
and churn as permanent fixtures in her
kitchen. The farmer at the end of a Lusy
week has to have a little ready cash or some
groceries. The butter is, therefore, hurried
to the grocer and sold for about five cents
a pound below the wholesale quotation.

We have not solved the problem quite
to our satisfaction, but so far the local
grocery has only received butter from us
once. We. were fortunate in finding an_
elderly gentleman of wide acquaintance in
the nearby city who was anxious to find
some light employment in addition to his
regular work. At any rate he receives our
butter once a week, packed in 5-pound
fibre pails and shipped fifty pounds in a
crate.

He delivers to private customers and
secures a price midway between the highest
New York wholesale quotation and the
retail price. He takes one cent a pound
for his commission and the express charges
average another half cent a pound. We
would prefer to market in one pound prints,
securing an advance of about two cents
a pound for the extra expense of packing
and at the same time securing a little more
appreciative class of customers. We feel
very certain that in nearly every community
a private trade may be worked up for really
good butter and that it will prove much
more satisfactory than “trading” it with the
local grocer. ;

We have no trouble withour customers
because we preclude it by absolutely guaran-
teeing our product. Each package is given the
date of the churning from which it is packed
and a sample from each churning is used
on our own table, criticisms, suggestions,
and anything exceptional being noted on
the churn record. In case of a dissatisfied
customer the full price is refunded for what
remains of his package. Most of our com-
plaints have arisen over salting and color;
two things in which it is impossible to please
all tastes. The high coloring of butter
from the Channel Island cattle on the full
pasture of midsummer leads some to declare
that the product has been artificially colored
when such is not the case.

Pennsylvania. iB. E. Bs:

Jury, 1908 Peer OE Geer DIEING MAG AZT IN| TE ” Zavice porcnis os regord to sokools 353
By MAURICE HEWLETT

Author of ‘Richard Yea-and-Nay,”’ ‘The Forest Lovers,” “‘The Stooping Lady,’ etc.

FASCINATING tale of the adven-

tures in which Mr.Osmund Man-
vers found himself involved after his
rescue of a beautiful Spanish girl out-
side the town of Palencia.

“Mr. Hewlett’s style is moving and splendid, full of color,
full of power, full of charm.”—N. Y. Times.

“Let it be remembered that so eminent a critic as Frederick
Harrison has pronounced Mr. Hewlett’s novels better than those of
Sir Walter Scott.’”’—Springfield Sunday Republican.

Four pictures in color and ee end ee ey W. Alyde
This book sells for 6 shillings($1.50)in England. You buy it for 90 cents ($1.00 postpaid)

DOUBLEDAY; PAGE & CO. @)
133 East Sixteenth Street, New York

JACK SPURLOCK—PRODIGAL

By GEORGE HORACE LORIMER

This is Mr. ooumer best book—full of the most delightful humor, and
with a love element which has been absent from

his other books.
Jack Spurlock says:

“| had been disturbed by a growing conviction: that there was an inti-
mate connection between luck and work. By a curious coincidence the lucky
men all had jobs and liked them; the unlucky ones either did n't have jobs or

_ did n't like them.”

Eight illustrations by F. R. Gruger
All bookstores. $1.50

COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK
IN AMERICA

THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE

Ss

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boals

GARDEN

THE

|
Summer Fabrics Ruined in the old Bar-Soap-Way of
Washing, and Women Fagged out with the work—
then is the time Converts by the Million are made for
PEARLINE and its Methods. Then Necessity prods
Wits, and Women desert the old Bar-Soap-Ruts, AND
THE BRIGHT ONES BECOME. PEARLINE
USERS, AND ONCE A. PEARLINE USER

ALWAYS A PEARLINE USER

Killweed

Used to Kill Weeds on Paths, Gravel Walks and
Gutters. Mix one part of Killweed with twenty
parts of water.

Price, $1.00 per Gallon.
Francis Lynch, Agt., 78 Clinten St., Newburgh, N. Y.

Horsford’s Hardy Plants

For Autumn Planting

Set out hardy Plants early in the autumn—they will get
started before winter and do finely for you next summer. Early
flowering plants will be ready to move by August.

Lilies, Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils, and many other varieties
for fall planting are described in Horsfora’s Autumn Supplement,
mailed last of August. Write early for free copy.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont.

The Sign of Garden Success
Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide
(Spring) :
Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide Majed
(Autumn), oe
Vick’s Catalogue of Hardy Plants

Large Assortment of Decorative Plints

JAMES VICK’S SONS, Seedsmen

362 Main Street East, ROCITESTER, N. Y.

WANT AN OLD-TIME GARDEN?

“Peter's Plants’’ will tell you how to make it. A copy of ‘‘Peters Plants’’
will be sent you free. It is a handsome book containing valuable informa-
tion. Send for it today, and learn about Peter’s persistent perennial plants.

Peter’s Nursery Company Box377 Knoxville, Tenn.

Genasco_
Ready Roofing

is not only waterproof, but stays water-
proof. Made of Trinidad Lake Asphalt.

Ask your dealer for Genasco. Write for Book 60 and samples

THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of
ready roofing in the world.
PHILADELPHIA

New York San Francisco Chicago

The Oldest Flowers in Cultivation
IV. The Corn Poppy

Te prototype of our famous Shirley

poppy is the corn poppy of Europe —
that brilliant, blood-red flower that glorifies
the cornfield. The accompanying picture
shows a form of it that might have given rise
to the Shirley strain but did not. It is
noticeable for its extraordinary size, as the
original picture published in 1613 shows it
as four inches across; but it is chiefly
remarkable for the small size of the black
spots in the centre of the flower. In the
wild type, these spots are so large as to make

A remarkable form of the corn poppy (Papaver
Rheeas), reduced from the 4-inch flower pictured
in 1613 in the ‘‘ Hortus Eystettensis’’

MAGAZINE

Jury, 1908

Poultry, Kennel and
Live Stock Directory

Information about the selection or care of
dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly
given. Address INFORMATION DE-
PARTMENT, THE GarpDEN MAGA-

ZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York.
aS

Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened Tissues,
Infiltrated Parts, andany Puff or Swelling, Cures
Lameness, Allays Pain
without laying the horse up.
stain or remove the hair. $2.00 a bottle, delivered.
Pamphlet 1-C free.

W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F.,
152 Monmouth St. Springfield, Mass.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming—
Best for children’s pets.
NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

Large English Berkshires
Size, with quality and early maturity

We have never bred a cross animal
nor have we ever had a sow molest her
pigs. Our sows are prolificand tractable.

Breeding herd of 150 to select from.

Both English and American breeding
and only the most desirable strains.
Write us yourwants. We willbe pleased
to describe stock and furnish pedigree,
whether you are ready to buy or not.

H.C.&H.B. Harpending, Dundee,N.Y.

CILAIN
WANGING

STANCHION

Gives animals perfect freedom ; absolutely
no chafing. Thousands have testified to its
simplicity, completeness and durability,

among them Ex-Governor Goodell of New

Hampshire, who writes, ‘‘After considerable

investigation we have decided that your

MY | stanchion is the best cattle fastener on the

\ market.’’ Shipped subject to 39 days’

trial in your own stable. Send for de-
scriptive pamphlet.

W. B. Crumb, Day St., Forestville, Conn.

Be prepared to fight lice, roup and gapes. A small outlay
will equip you.

Write for my free illustrated Poultry Supply Book. De-
scribes poultry diseases, and Standard remedies—Madoc Gape
Cure, Conkey’s Roup Cure, Lambert’s and Rust’s Lice Killers,
Vero Insect Powder and all kinds of poultry yard conveniences
at manufacturers’ prices. Let me solve your problems.
STOKES’ SEED STORE

219 Market Street

Dept. W. Philadelphia

Mated pair =

billing or SQU AB BOOK
kissing.

From eggs . FREE
to squabs Send for our handsome 1908 Free Book,

telling how to make money breeding squabs.
We.were first; our birds are largest and
outsell all others. Our methods are

widely copied. Plymouth Rock Squab
Co., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass.

DAGGETT CALF WEANER guzanteed

to wean or

CALF WEANER CO.

money back.

Shenandoah, lowa

THE CROWN
BONE CUTTER

for the poultryman. Cuts green bone and
offals from the table, vegetables, etc. Also
WILSON’S Family Grist [ill for
grinding fine corn meal and grain for
table use. Turns easy. A sample of
meal and catalogue sent free,

WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa.

i

AN

Does not blister,

Jury, 1908 THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give
information about motor boats

Sharpen Your Lawn Mower

20 times for 25c.
Eureka Sharpener

A new device to
attach to the cutting <=-2eexa serene
blade of any mower.
Sharpens all blades to a keen, even, ac-

curate edge in a few minutes. Anyone
can attach it to cutting blade. (See illus-
tration.) No filing, no work. Simply

push the mower on sidewalk with Eureka Sharpener attached
and blades sharpen automatically. Sold by all dealers, 25c.,
or sent prepaid on receipt of 30c., stamps or coin. Specify
width of mower blade.

EUREKA SHARPENER CO.,1383 24thSt., Detroit, Mich.

SHETLAND
PONIES

Highest type. Complete out-
fits. Write for beautifully illus-
trated price list. Book on
@ breeding, care and training, 25
Wy cents.

J Belle Meade Farm, Bedford, Mass.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS
GROWN IN POTS

Planted in July, August or September, produce an abundance of

large, luscious berries next summer. Immense stock of strong

healthy, pot-grown plants of certain bearing, high-quality varieties.
Descriptive Price List ree.

POMONA NURSERIES
Paimyra, N. J.

GROW MUSHROOMS

For Big and Quick Profits, Or For Your Own Use
en years experience enalles me to give practical
instructions worth many dollars to you without inter-
fering with regular occupation, no matter where lo-
*/ cated. Send for Free Book and particulars how to Start, etc.
JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM,

Dept. 812 $2438 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Ml.

GEORGE MH. PETERSON
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 57 - FAIR LAWN, NEW JERSEY

KILL PLANT BUGS and DOG FLEAS

with Lemor Oil Insecticide, adding 30 parts water. No odor, no
poison—advantages over Fish oil or Tobacco products. _ Used
everywhere. If not sold by your seedsmen, write WEATHERBY
BROS., Baltimore, Md., for full information.

KOLL’S PATENT
Lock Jomt Columns
Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or

Interior use are made exclusively by
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.

Elston and Webster Aves. Chicago, III.
Eastern Office. 1123 Broadway, New York City

Send for catalogue H 19 of Columns or H 29 of Sun-dia!s, Pedestals, etc.

Books by ELLEN GLASGOW

The Ancient Law - - - - $1.50
The Wheel of Life $1.50
The Deliverance - - $1.50
The Battle-ground - $1.50
The Voice of the People - - $1.50

Uniform set of 2xCiss Glasgow’s Novels

_ —five volumes— $7.50
The Freeman and Other Poems, $1.55 ppd.
Country Lire

THe Worto’s WoRK (?)
IN AMERICA a

DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEW YORK.

Tre GARDEN!
MAGAZINE

Easy to La

Bs LE 7A

i [deca first ready roofings, made some thirty
years ago, lasted a very short time.

Then manufacturers improved the goods and
smooth surfaced roofings of various kinds were
developed that would endure fairly well zf the
top surface was given a coat of heavy water-

It really protects.
The waterproofing material in
Amatite is pitch—the best resistant to water
known. Water will in time dissolve or disintegrate
almost anything, but it is powerless against pitch.
Roofings of twice the price often do not protect

proof paint every two years.

Now comes Amatite—with a mineral surface
which requires no painting and which will last
longer without painting than the other kind did
with constant painting.

as well because they are not waterproofed with pitch.
Amatite is easy to lay—any one can do the work.
We furnish you free nailsand liquidcementforlaps.
Investigate the cost of Amatite in your locality.
You will be astonished at its low price.
The top surface, being mineral, is unaffected Samples and Illustrated Booklet FREE on re-
by weather or climate. quest to nearest office.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston Cleveland Cincinnati
Minneapolis New Orleans St. Louis Pittsburg Kansas City

Real Estate

| Advertisements in the Real Estate Directory in

Country Life in America

Have been the means of selling many fine
se oe ae se country places. Have you a country place |
aoe Eee fa) for sale? If so, write us.

DO YOU WANT TO BUY A COUNTRY HOME>?
It is our business to keep in touch with owners and agents who make a specialty of the sale of

country property of all sorts.

5 dvise us as clearly as possible the kind of place you want; state about where you would prefer

it, and give us the maximum amount you are willing to pay. We will immediately place you in

touch with such owners and agents that are in a position to best supply your requirements. This
service is gratis to readers of our magazines.

Manager Real Estate Department, Country Life in America, 133 East 16th St., New York

BY GEORGE DYRE ELDRIDGE
In the Potter’s House

A NOVEL of natural human passions in a primitive
community, marked chiefly by the dramatic
clashes of three men of different temperament, all of
whom love the same woman. $1.50.

DOUBLEDAY, PaGE & Co., 133 East 16th St., NEW YORK CITY

256 The Readers’ Service will give you
{9) information about motor boats

“Independence Day’

Once a year we set aside a holiday
and those of us whose spirit years
cannot dim, are thrilled once more
with that glorious feeling of national
freedom. Fortunate, indeed, is he who
can become, on such a day, a boy again.
Yet apart from our national indepen-
dence, how many of us are, in a per-
sonal sense, free from the many cares
and burdens of life ? Take, for instance,
your water supply—are you carrying it
by hand about your house and barn?
Are you paying servants to bring it
by the pailful? Or are you dependent
upon the vagaries of the wind? If you
are a Slave to any of these conditions,

you will throw up your hat and shout -

for joy the day that you install a Hot-
Air Pump, for then will dawn your
“Independence Day” —independence

The Eagleston: Hammock

THE NEWEST AND BEST

Made from heavy brown or grey canvas.
Mattresses covered with blue, green or red
denim. Note pockets in end for magazines
and papers. For price and circulars address

Department 20,

THE EAGLESTON SHOP

Massachusett

Hyannis

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT FOR

“Thy spirit, Independence, let me share;
Lord of the lion heart and eagle eye,
Thy steps I follow with my bosom bare,

of wind, weather and frost, and your
spirits will rise with the satisfaction
which always comes to him who knows
that he is forever free from one of
life’s daily cares. The Hot-Air Pump
puts a man several rounds higher on
the ladder of personal independence.

May we help you celebrate your
“Independence Day” and make you
independent the year round?

Write to our nearest office for de-
scriptive Catalogue U, sent free on
application.

Riper-Ericsson ENGINE Co.

35 Warren Street - - - New York
239 Franklin Street - - - Boston
40 Dearborn Street - - - Chicago
40 North 7th Street - Philadelphia
234 Craig Street, West, Montreal, P.Q.
22 Pitt Street - - Sydney, N.S. W.
Amargura 96 - - - Havana, Cuba

TERRA COTTA
AND POTTERY

Italian Pots, Sun- Dials,
Flower Boxes, Statuary,
Vases, etc., for garden or

interior decoration

WILLIAM GALLOWAY
3214 Walnut Street, Philadelphia

Catalogue sent upon request

POTATO BUGS

TO THE EDITOR OF AMERICAN GARDENING:

In your issue of June 18, on page 399, I noticed a good article on the
Colorado Beetle or Potato Bug. For the benefit of your numerous
readers I would advise them to try Hammond’s Slug Shot. I have
used it here this season with excellent results, on Potatoes, Egg Plants,
Cucumbers and Squash,—for Potato Bugs, and also for striped Beetles,
and itis the best remedy I know of, simple and effective. I purchased
two of the Dusters which he advertised in your paper, and they are very
useful articles. The best time to dust the plants is early morning, as

RADE. MAR the substance adheres much better when the dew is on. A light dust-
ing is sufficient, and woe betide the bugs or the larva. Once they geta taste of it they shrivel up right away.

eed Dealers and Merchants all over America.
sold by 5 GEORGE STANDEN, Gardener to Col. D. S. Lamont, Millbrook, N. Y. 1904
Send for Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights to BENJ. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson, Y. !

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Nor heed the storm that howls along the sky.”

a great eye in the centre of the flower, but in
the first-class strain of Shirley poppies there
should be no black whatever.

It is very interesting to reflect that the
gardens of the whole world —rich man’s
and poor man’s alike — are to-day furnished
with poppies which are direct descendants
of one single capsule of seed raised in the
garden of an English clergyman so recently
as August, 1880, and the originator’s own
account of this strain is so interesting that
I cannot refrain from quoting most of it
from The Garden, vol. 57, page 385:

“In 1880, I noticed in a waste corner of
my garden, abutting on the fields, a patch
of the common wild field poppy, one solitary
flower of which had a very narrow edge of
white. This one flower I marked and saved

‘the seed of it alone. Next year, out of

perhaps two hundred plants, I had four or
five on which all the flowers were edged.
The best of these were marked and the seed
saved, and so on for several years, the flowers
all the while getting a larger infusion of white
to tone down the red until they arrived at
quite pale pink and one plant absolutely
pure white. I then set myself to change the
black central portions of the flowers from
black to yellow or white: and having at last
fixed a strain with petals varying in color
from the brightest scarlet to pure white,
with all shades of pink between and all
varieties of flakes and edged flowers also,
but all having yellow or white stamens,

anthers, and pollen, and a white base, I then —

distributed it freely to all. My ideal is to

get a yellow P. Rheas, and I have already —

obtained many distinct shades of salmon.
The Shirley poppies have thus been obtained
simply by selection and elimination.

“Let it be noticed that true Shirley poppies
(1) are single, (2) always have a white base
with (3) yellow or white stamens, anthers,
and pollen, (4) never have the smallest
particle of black about them. Double
poppies and poppies with black centres may
be greatly admired by some, but they are not
Shirley poppies.”

If any person has a form approximating
the one here pictured, I should be glad if
he would inform me.

New Jersey. Tuomas McApam.

[The next article will describe the prickly
pear which was known in the Middle Ages
as the fig of India and was cultivated in
tubs as a wonder of the vegetable world.]

This Month’s Cover

aE are a great many single roses
especially adapted for porch, pillar
and post decoration which are worthy of
cultivation, particularly the newer varieties
giving a great range of color and size of
flower. Most interesting, perhaps, are the
hybrids of Rosa Wichuraiana to which the
modern revival of interest in single roses is
unquestionably due. One of these hybrids
is represented on this month’s cover.

The first roses of this type were raised in
Rhode Island about 1895. Jersey Beauty
is the largest flowered, measuring two inches
or more across. Pink Roamer is somewhat
smaller. The single H. P. Carmine Pillar
is unsurpassed for brilliancy of color.

i
JuLuy, 1908

Jury, 1908

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

To Our Readers and Advertisers

It has been our ambition to make The Garden Magazine-Farming the most
practical, helpful publication that is devoted to a special subject. We
believe we have succeeded in a measure, from both the reader’s and the
advertiser's viewpoint.

In the past we have tried to maintain a broad guaged discussion on plant-
ing and growing the best flowers, trees, shrubs, and vegetables that are
suitable to our country. We shall try to make every issue in the future
more interesting and accurate than the preceding one, for the purpose
of giving the readers of The Garden Magazine-Farming conscientious ad-
vice about beautifying their home grounds and spending their money for
erowing things.

We are grateful for the codperation we have received from the horticultural
interests of America, particularly from the following who have advertised in
our columns. We are sure that our readers are also grateful for the fair
treatment they have received from them.

E. A. Beaven

L. Burbank

Carl Purdy

Fancher Creek Nurseries
Theodosa Shepherd

Elm City Nurseries
Stephen Hoyt’s Sons
Reasoner Brothers

P. J. Berckmans

A. Dietsch

R. Douglas & Sons
Franken Bros.

M. V. Garnsey

D. Hill

Jackson Mushroom Farm
Peterson Nursery
Vaughan’s Seed Co.
George Wittbold Co.

- Heller Bros.

hy A Iieday Seal (Co
Wood Stubbs Co.
Mount Desert Nurseries
J. G. Harrison

Henry Saxton Adams
Bay State Nurseries
Eastern Nurseries

H. E. Fiske

Edward Gillette

Io Jol Gireeoryy
Munson- Whitaker Co.
New England Nurseries
W. W. Rawson

M. H. Walsh

D. M. Ferry

Nathan Smith & Sons
Miss C. H. Lippincott
Northrup, King & Co.
Stark Brothers

Geneva Nurseries
Bobbink & Atkins
Henry E. Burr
Elizabeth Nurseries
Larger & Hurrell
pee Eovett

H. H. Berger

Arthur T. Boddington
Cottage Gardens
Arthur Cowee

J. T. Dwyer & Son
Ellwanger & Barry
Green’s Nursery

S. G. Harris

Peter Henderson
Isaac Hicks & Son

T. S. Hubbard

Hiram T. Jones

J. B. Keller & Sons
Frederick W. Kelsey
Shatemuc Nurseries
Siebrecht & Sons

DW, as Smith!

Stumpp & Walter

J. M. Thorburm

Jo Jala KON

James Vick

Biltmore Nurseries
Harlan P. Kelsey
McGregor Brothers
Storrs & Harrison
Wagner Park Conservatories
Andorra Nurseries
W. Atlee Burpee
Conard & Jones
Dingee & Conard
Henry A. Dreer

J. Wilkinson Elliott
Hoopes Brothers & ‘Thomas
William Henry Maule
Thomas Meehan
William H. Moon
Anderson Floral Co.
Frederick Horsford
pew Salzer

Peter’s Nursery Co.

The Readers’ Service Department, which we have been conducting for the
past few years, will gladly assist the readers of The Garden Magazine-
Farming in solving any of their planting problems.

358

What is a fair rental for a given

property? Ask the Readers’ Service TH E G ARDEN M A G A Le I N E

Jury, 1908

$200.00

In Six Months from 20 Hens

To the average poultryman that would seem impossible, and when we tell you
that we have actually done a $500.00 poultry business with 20 hens on a corner in
the city garden 30 feet wide by 4o feet long, we are simply stating facts.

It would not be possible to get such returrs by any of the systems of poultry
keeping recommended and practised by the American people, still it is an easy mat-
ter when the new Philo System is adopted.

THE PHILO SYSTEM IS UNLIKE ALL
OTHER WAYS OF KEEPING POULTRY

and in many respects is just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry work. that
have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of results that are hard
to believe without seeing. However, the facts remain the same, we can prove to you
every word of the above statement.

Two Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks

are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the broiler without any loss, and the broil-
ers are of the best quality, bringing here three cents per pound above the highest market

price.

The New System Covers All
Branches of the Work Nec-

essary for Success

from selecting the breeders to market-
ing the product. It tells how to get
eggs that will hatch, how to hatch
nearly every egg and how to raise
nearly all the chicks hatched. It gives
complete plans in detail how to make
everything necessary to run the busi-
ness and at less than half the cost re-
quired to handle the poultry business
in any other manner. Thereis nothing
complicated about the work, and any
man or woman that can handle a saw
and a hammer can do the work.

Our Six Months Old Pullets
Are Laying at the Rate of
24 Eggs Each Per Month

in a space of two square feet for each
bird. No green cut bone of any de-
scription is fed, and the food used is
inexpensive as compared with food
others are using.

Our new book, the PHILO SYS-
TEM OF PROGRESSIVE POUL-
TRY KEEPING, gives full particu-
lars regarding these wonderful discov-
eries, with simpie, easy to understand
directions that are right to the point,
and 15 pages of illustrations showing
all branches of the work from start to
finish.

Don’t Let the Chickens Die
in the Shell

One of our secrets of success is to
save all the chickens that are fully de-
veloped at hatching time, whether they
can crack the shell or not. It is asim-
ple trick, and believed to be the secret
of the ancient Egyptians and Chinese,
which enable them to sell the chicks
at 10 cents a dozen.

Our New Brooder Saves 2
Cents on Each Chicken

No lamp required. No danger of
chilling, overheating or burning up the
chickens, as with brooders using lamps
or any kind of fire. Theyalso keepall
lice off the chicks automatically, or
kill any that may be on when placed
in the brooder. Our book gives full
plans and the right to make and use
them. One can easily be made in an
hour, at a cost of 25 to 50 cents.

-

Chicken Feed at 15 Centsa Bushel

Our book tells how to make the best green food
with but little trouble and have a good supply any
day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as
impossible to get a large egg yield without green
food as to keep a cow without hay or fodder.

Three-pound White Orpington roasters, 10 weeks
old, raised by the Philo System. Note the large,
well-developed feet and legs and the width of the
pullet showmg the front view.

VALLEY FALLS, N.Y.,Sept.s5, 1907

It was my privilege to spend a week
in Elmira during August, during which
time I saw the practical working of
the Philo System of Poultry Keeping,
and was surprised at the results ac-
complished in a small corner of a city
yard. ‘‘Seeing is believing,”’ they say,
and if I had not seen it would have
been hard to believe that such results
could have followed so small an outlay
of space, time and money.

(REV.) W. W. COX.

BINGHAMTON, N\ Y.
Your system of poultry keeping
should appeal to all poultrymen. ‘The
advantages of your system are many,
and the quality of the large flock of
poultry you have raised on your city lot
is the best evidence ef its success.
GEO. L. HARDING.

WINDSOR, Vt., March 8, 1908

I consider the one dollar I invested

in the Philo System, Poultry Review

and American Poultry Advocate the

best investment for the money I ever
made. ROBERT L. PATRICK.

JACOBS CREEK. Pa., Nov.25,1907

I received the Philo System Book
mailed tomy home address, Beechtree,
Pa. Iam highly pleased with it, and
anxious to spread the good newsas far
as I can. I ama preacher of the Gos-
pel engaged by the Baptist Ass’n to
do Evangelistic work. I am very much
interested in the hen, and will do all
I can to help the other fellow to know
HOW, and to spread the good tidings
received in the Philo System.

(REV.) F. B. WILLIAMS.

SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER r2.2ement

we are able to give for only $1.00 the book with the right

to use all plans.

One year’s subscription to Poultry Review—a monthly paper

for utility breeders;

One year’s subscription to the American Poultry Advocate.
Upon receipt of $1.00 you will get the book by return mail and

your subscription will start at

once.

This offer is to old subscribers as well as new, and gives them
a chance of extending their subscription for one year.
Copy of the Philo System book and a year’s subscription to

Poultry Review and the American Poultry Advocate, all

for $1.00.

American Poultry Advocate #°2%&" Syracuse, N.Y.

Raspberry Vinegar

Gh eee delicious and refreshing drink
for hot weather is made from half
a gill of raspberry vinegar in a glass of cold
water. The vinegar is exceedingly easy to
prepare and the surplus berries from the
berry patch may be utilized in this way.

After carefully picking over the berries
place them in a stone jar (not earthenware)
and pour into the jar enough vinegar of a
good quality to just cover the berries. Let
this stand for twenty-four hours, then strain
through a cloth. To each pint of juice add
one pound of sugar and boil gently for half
an hour, removing the scum. When cold,
bottle and seal, and if this is done correctly,
the vinegar will keep for two years.

If the vinegar is very strong it must be
diluted with water before being added to the
fruit or else the vinegar flavor will over-
balance that of the berries. Three quarts
of berries usually require about one quart
of liquid to cover them and will make about
four pints of juice after straining; with the
addition of the sugar and after boiling there
will be about five pints to bottle. We use
what is left of the berries to make three pints
of a second grade of vinegar which is good
enough for immediate use.

Even when the berries had to be bought
we made five pints of the first grade of vinegar
and three pints of the second grade for a
total of eighty-seven cents, which included
forty-eight cents for berries, thirty-two cents
for sugar and seven cents for vinegar. Other
berries may be utilized in this way, but the
raspberry is the most satisfactory, giving
the richest flavor.

New York. I. M. ANGELL.

New Things Worth Knowing

ie IS now possible to have those two

gorgeous and extremely popular lilies,
auratum and speciosum, in bloom at Christ-
mas time. “Retarded bulbs” will be pro-
curable for the first time in quantity this
July. They have been kept in cold storage
since last November. The bulbs should
be potted about the end of July and kept
in a shed until growth starts. Then they
should be removed to a cool greenhouse.
The experiment was tried last year and
proved a success. Everybody who has
a greenhouse should try this, for what we
want in flowers at Christmas is color — not
white, as we do at Easter. Hitherto the
only lily available for Christmas has been
the Bermuda-grown Harrisii. There has n’t
been half enough imagination about decor-
ations for Christmas. That is the time
when we want novelty and cheer, if ever.
This month you will have an opportunity
of seeing the new hardy hydrangeas which
some consider the most important shrub
novelty of many years. The tedious con-
troversy over the name of this plant has been
settled by Professor Sargent and all parties
have agreed to abide by his decision. Hence-
forth it will be called Hydrangea arborescens,
var. grandiflora. Enthusiasts claim that
it will bloom from June to October. It is
a double-flowered variety of a native species.

Money
Cheerfully
Refunded

@If satisfactory results are
not obtained from the use of
“BONORA” on your flower-
ing plants, vegetables, shrub-

ery, rose bushes, etc. Sprinkle
“BONORA” around the roots
of your plants, and it will
make them grow as if in the
Tropics. Endorsements on
application. Order direct
or through your seedsmen.

1 Ib. making 28 gallons postpaid . ,

[iG « 140 ‘* by express $2.
10 « «“ 980 “6 & “ 4.

BONORA
CHEMICAL CO.

488-492 BROADWAY
NEW YORK

e Cone . P ARISIAN
DRY SHAMPOO

€ ome
UG Ee Invaluable for travelers.
ee z May be applied to the hair
oe with a puff and when shaken
out removes all dust and oil.
Used before curling the
hair it insures the staying
qualities of the wave. It is
recommended for use at the
seashore and aboard ship
where it will positively prevent damp, stringy locks, as its
chief purpose rs to make the hair light and fluffy. Daintily
perfumed with wood violet. ‘
At your druggists or by mail soc. a box, postpaid.

HAIR FLUFF COMPANY

648 Sixth Avenue

R 102
sa New York City

Poems Every Child Should

Know

Prose Every Child Should

Know

Each edited, by
MARY E. BURT

These handsome books are arranged to
suit all ages—from the three year old to the
college student and normal school graduate.
Each selection is a literary gem which has
stood the test of time.

Books sold separately at
$1.00 postpaid

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.,
133 East 16th St , New York City

Enclosed $ for which please send

-Poems Every Child Should Know

Prose Eyery C ild Should Know

Grove of Scotch, Red, and Austrian Pine

LARGE EVERGREENS FOR AUGUST and SEPTEMBER

Mature results in landscape planting. Screens for unsightly buildings. Windbreaks
for all-the-year residence. Beautiful surroundings for bleak, bare early Spring, late
Autumn and Winter week-ends. Se

Have shipped in carloads from our nursery stock of over 1000 large
Pine, Spruce, Fir, Cedar and Hemlock to to 30 ft. high., and 30,000
evergreens 2 to 10 ft. high.
IJ. Have them shipped direct from the collecting fields, where you pay

practically nothing for the trees or for the long waiting.

III. Have us look over your region at a moderate expense and with expert
crews and apparatus move in evergreens at a minimum cost.

Call at the Nursery or send for our beautifully illustrated catalogue and price list

ISAAC HICKS AND SON

WESTBURY STATION
LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

Scotco Pine

NURSERYMEN
SCIENTIFIC TREEMOVERS

Necessary as a Lawn Mower

You wouldn’t think of cutting even a small plot of grass with-
out a lawn mower. Why then waste time, labor and money
trimming and edging lawns and gardens on your hands and
knees with clippers or sickle when

The Capitol Lawn Trimmer and Edger

will do the word quickly, smoothly, and easily? An absolute
necessity for lawns, gardens, parks, golf courses and cemeteries.
Ask your hardware dealer, or write for Catalog “* C.”’

The Granite State Mowing Machine Co., Hinsdale, N. H.

ki “JAPANA” S82
(Patented)

in silver or brass is the latest addition to the already well
known line of ‘‘Japana’’ Specialties and fits into any of
the ‘‘Japana’’ Cut Flower Holders or ‘‘,Anglais’’ Table
Decoration by means of a thread and screw. The “Japana”
Candle Stick used in alternate units of the “Anglais” Table
Decoration gives a unique and extremely pleasing light-
ing and floral decoration.

The “ Anglais’ Table Decoration is formed
from two low glass vases—one rectangular and
one crescent in form, each piece containing a
“Japana” flower holder. Six crescents make a

circle. Address

M. V. -Garnsey

J129 Waiola Avenue, La Grange, Il. aay

5 in. size
in use

(Patented)

Sin. size

The “Japana”’ silver plated
Candlestick with German
Silver shade—glass vase—can-
dle lamp, mica—silk lining to
fit 7in. stick complete, $4.70
Same to fits in. stick, $3.90

State color of lining desired
Anglais, Units, each, $ .75

5in. Plate Silver ‘‘Japana’’
Candlestick and 34 in.
SSJAPANA”’ at $1.35. 7 in,
Candlestick at $1.60

Note: The “ Japana’’isasolid
piece of glass full of holes,
allowing a perfect circulation
for water and holding the

flowers in their natural posi- i EARS 4%6 in. Japana ye -50
i i SE gj ‘ “

tion (the Japanese idea of =ickstins ; : se zs s 35
beauty). Being of glass, the dj 2}¢in. 25
“Japana” does not show in The ANGLAIS Table Decoration 7 in. Silver Stick, 1.25

‘e «

water. = An Oval Arrangement of Eight Sections, $6.00 5 in. 1.00

MENNENS

Borated Talcum

TOILET— __~POWDER

Vacation worries vanish

when you know that you can enjoy that attractive “nut brown ”’
summer complexion without the usual penalties of sunburn, and skin
roughness, which last far into the winter social season. The daily use of

Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toilet Powder

accomplishes that. It is the world’s best and most widely used toilet powder, and is
absolutely pure and safe.

Mennen’s prevents and relieves Prickly Heat, Chafing, Sunburn, and all skin
troubles of Summer. After shaving and after bathing it is delightful, and in the nurs-
ery indispensable.

For your protection the genuine is put up in non-refillable boxes—the “Box that
Lox,” with Mennen’s face on top. Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, June
30,1906. Serial No. 1542. Sold everywhere or by mail 25 cents. Sample Free.

GERHARD MENNEN CO., 76 Orange St., Newark, N. J

Try Mennen's Violet Borated Talcum Toilet Powder. It has the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets.
Sample Free.

MENNEN’S SEN YANG TOILET POWDER. Oriental Odor No

MENNEN’S BORATED SKIN SOAP(blue wrapper) Specially prepared for the nursery. Samples

Sent Free, for 2 cent stamp to pay postage, one set Mennen’s Bridge Whist Tallies, enough for six tables.

THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK

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