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Se Uk A} Bett SS a Gees \ fe xs Se wines OO et ee PULL ate SS ; TERR bee be secusecedee onesie Bipesireets peccereti tes ceceteseetieraes oe 4 eerseerers TS cee SE EE : :: ESq Re C= Po Of ee ES eet F att es ane Ji SE PR Ee ae Saas i 2 = 7 Of font poe = Sey seen! : gute / Se EE E : ra seretis = ‘ b deme & Seg = keer: S fies pets SS SebeeeteSeeekccs ee Sees see E See Seon, eeeoeecoanes . oS ee Se reas 6 fe Ee See “ef Bi Rees Foy ieee z= cei] Seonesgeees 5 ¢. t ppet EET I oxsft i = } i 4h sun # Sten rerteesest SSSA nS Sedelagigiaatesrarees | fy iagegesdevoensnsese pee yg aay EO " ha ie ie iit at iy ¥ "| Y a PN fh IE aha uh "loo ,3 ibe = Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XIX February, 1914, to July, 1914 ; EASON A ( OCT 29 1986 “lle RaRiED_ GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY IQI4 GARDEN MAGAZINE INDEX A 35x40 ft. Gardén Worth Having, 152. Adams, H. S., articles by, 208, 231. Allen, Nina R., articles by, 291, 330. photographs by, 292, 331. Althea hedge, 287.* Among the New Dahlias, 233.* Anchusa, 341.* Angell, H. E., photographs by, 17, 38, 40, 220. Annuals for all purposes, 100.* Color Borders, 108. Sowing in the Open, 106. Another Monster Boston Fern, 254. Apples, Better Eastern, 200. in Your Home Fruit Garden, 18. Arborvite hedge, 288.* Arctotis, 100.* Are You Going Abroad? 342. Artificial Soil for ‘‘Sweets,” An, 146. Asparagus bed, how to make a new, 200. * Backyard, An Attractive, 38.* Gardening, Efficiency in, 12,* 91,* 170," 238," 280.* Beaty, John Y., articles by, 26, 30, 76, 130, 212, 266, 308. photographs by, 268. Bedding Rose Plants, 245.* Begonia, The Tuberous Rooted, 258.* tuberous, 247.* B. McG., article by, 260. Better Eastern Apples — Why Not? 200. Black spot, 146. T. C., Jzr., photographs by, July COVET, 332, 333, 334. Bliz-Zard, William Elmore, article by, 342. Boecklin, Werner, article by, 296. photographs by, 207. Boston Fern, Another Monster, 254. Budded versus own root roses, 208, 337: Bulbs, summer, 24.* Busing, F. A., photograph by, 16. Calceolaria, 339.* California Department, 26. Palms in, 76. Starting Flowers in a Hotbed in, 30 Calla lilies grown indoors, 152. Canna, 246. Carnations, Fertilizers for, 36. Gelery, 2363* 2377.* Cherries and Plums for the Home Fruit Garden, 335.* China, An Evergreen Shrub From, gia Chrysanthemum, 21.* Chrysanthemums, A Review of the New, 11. Cineraria, 340.* City lot gardens, how to plan, 18r. Clarke, Elizabeth L., article by, 28. Harold, article by, 312. Clay Soil, Coal Ashes in a, 108. Club and Society News, 304. Coal Ashes in a Clay Soil, 108. Cockerell, Wilmatte P., article by, 332. Color Borders, Annuals for, 108. Columbines, 21.* Controlling the Fruiting of Dwarf Trees, 202.* Cost of Raising an Orchard, The, 34. Criticism, A, 146. Crops, early or late, 128. Cul+ of the Larkspur, The, 293.* TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume XIX — February, 1914, to July, 1914 Copyrighted, 1914, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated Dahlia Seedlings and Eugenics, 250. Dahlias, Among the New, 233.* for California, 214. in a suburban yard, 216. Dandelions — To Eat and Drink, 254. Delphinium, 22,* 293.* Deutzia, 96.* Dick, J. Harrison, article by, 342. Doogue, L. J., article and photographs by, 126. Doyle, H. W., article by, 194. . Duffy, Sherman R.., article by, 341. Dunbar, John, article by, 231. Dwarf Trees, Controlling the Fruiting of, 202.* E. F., article by, 68. Efficiency in Backyard Gardening, TORO Ome. 260." Egeg-shell Flower Pot, An, 40. Eisele, J. D., article by, 337. Elcock, George, article by, 216. Eldredge, Arthur G., photographs by, February cover, 17, 18, 22, 171, 174, 180, 185, 208, 229, 235, 244, 246, 247, 207. z Elm, how to prune, 256.* English gardens, 342. Establishing a School Garden, 27.* Evergreen Shrub From China, An, 231. Exhibition dates, 304. Farrington, E. I., article and photo- graphs by, 233. Fences for gardens, 16,* 17,* 60.* Fern, Boston, 254. Fertilizers for Carnations, 36. Fighting Frost with Fire, 110.* the Bugs of Summer, 328. Flats, Transplanting into, 114.* Flower Pot, An Egg-shell, 40. For the Southern Gardener, 348. Forsythia, 174.* Fothergilla, 176.* Four Interesting Old Trees, 48. French gardens, 342. Fuld, Maurice, photograph by, 233. Garden Celery, 236.* Clubs of America, meeting of, 306. fences, 16,* 17,* 60.* Greens, 118. tools, 13,* 14.* walks, 296.* -Gardening at No. 1869, 291,* 330.* for Young Folks, 27, 102, 185, 248, 300. Gardens of England, 342. France, 342. Germany, 344. on city lots, how to plan, 181. G. B., article by, 136. Geranium, May cover. Geraniums for Indoors, 272. Summer or Winter Bloom? 126.* The Newer Types and Varieties, 240.* German gardens, 344. Getting an Early Start for Spring, 24.* the Best of the Weeds, 208.* __ Gladiolus, 246,* 247.* Gloxinia, 25.* Good, F. Mason, photograph by, 203. Grape flowers eaten by rose bugs, 312. in the Garden, The, 179.* Grapes, April cover. Graves, Nathan R., photographs by, 16, 17, 21, 25, 169, 175, 230, 231, 234, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 287, 291, 294, 295, 207, 335, 336, May cover. Green, S. N., article by, 236. photographs by, 237. Greenhouse, Reminders for the, 188. Griffin, J. W., article and photograph by, 116. Growing Annuals With a Purpose, 100.* Calla Lilies Indoors, 152. Hand-made Peaches and Pears, 140. Hardy Perennials from Seed, 260. Hayn, Fred H., article by, 146. H. E. A., article by, 38. Heating an orchard, 110.* Hedge, arborvite, 288.* Making and Maintaining a, 287.* Helianthus, July cover, 332,* 333,* * 4. Herrick, Elizabeth, articles by, 210, 203. Hint for Selecting Roses, A, 122. Holman, F. V., article by, 209. Homans, S. T., article by, 254. Horseradish, 138. Hotbed and Coldframe in April, The, 171.” how to manage, 14. in March, 97. in May, The, 272. Starting Flowers in California in a, 30. How to Prune an Elm, 256.* shrubs, 284.* transplant, 13.* Improving Lima Beans, 134. Insect Pests in Pictures, 173.* of Summer, 329.* Insuring the Garden’s Crop, 172. Jacobs, Harry F., article by, 254. Janicke, Rud., articles by, 186, 208. photograph by, 186. Jenkins, W. H., article by, 172. Jensen, Jens, article by, 208. John Bartram Association, The, 304. Johnson, E. S., articles by, 140, 250. Johnston, John F., article by, 50. Joyce, Alice V., article by, 102. photographs by, 103. July, Meetings and Exhibitions in, 346. June, Meetings and Exhibitions in, 304. June planted vegetable garden, 280. Kimball, W. S., photographs by, 314, 341, 350, June cover. Kirchberger, R. S., article and photo- graph by, 232. Kruhm, Adolph, articles by, 12, 44, 91, 176, 238, 245, 289. photographs by, 1o, 12, 13, 14, 91, 92, 177, 178, 238, 239, 290. Larkspur, 22.* The Cult of the, 293.* Latticed Window Boxes for Flat Walls, 232.* Lilac, 87,* 88.* Lily Pond Any One Can Haye, A, 56.* Lima Beans, Improving, 134. Magnolias, 90.* Making a New Asparagus Bed, 206. and Maintaining a Hedge, 287.* of the Red Sunflower, The, 332.* Garden Walks That Fit the Place, 296.* Marr, T. E., photograph by, 180. Mattern, J. R., articles by, 18, 93, 243, 335. May Planting, Summer Flowers from, 45. Meetings and Exhibitions in July, 346. June, 304. Meller, C. L., articles by, 256, 299. photographs by, 250. Method of Transplanting Poppies, A, 210. Metropolitan Garden Club, A, 306. Miller, Warren H., article and pho- tograph by, 58. Missouri, A Rose Garden in, 186.* Month’s Reminder, The, 9,* 85, 167,* 2205 2835 32a Morgan, C. E., article by, 181. Munson, T. V., photograph by, April cover. Murray, Mrs. E. B., article by, 206. Musser, Mabel Jane, article and photograph by, 248. My Idea of a Seed Order for the Home Vegetable Garden, 44. McCollom, W. C., articles by, 24 339- photographs by, 24, 340. McFarland, J. H., photographs by, 176, 179. , National Flower Show, Fourth, 304. New Hardy Primulas, 231. Newer Roses from a Garden View- point, The, 285, 302. N. L. M., article by, 152. Northend, Mary H., photograph by, 202. Notes Among the Flowers in May, 234." Novel Garden Fence, A, 58.* Novelties Weighed in the Balance, Tit, Qess Bown O’Connell, Howard J., article by, 248. O’Kane, W. C., photographs by, 173, 320. Orchard heating, r10.* Orchards, Why Grass is Injurious to, 94. Oriental Spruce, The, 50. Own-Root versus Budded Roses, 298, 337- Palms in California, 76. Panama-Pacific International Expo- sition, 304. Pashek, Albert L., article and pho- tograph by, 56. Paths in the garden, 297.* Paul, Katherine, article by, 1o2. Peaches for the home garden, 93.* Pearl, Maud DeWitt, article by, 94. Pears to Grow in a Home Garden, The, 243.* Perennials from seed, 21.* Hardy, from Seed, 260. Pergola, 23.* Perry, Joseph H., article by, 160. photographs by, 169, 170. Peterson, George H., article by, 338. Philosophizing with Anchusas, 341.* Pinks, annual, 1oo.* Planning the Garden for the City Lot, 18i. Plowhead, Mrs. E. H., article by, 36. Plums and Cherries for the Home Fruit Garden, 335.* - in My Home Garden, 142. Poppies, how to transplant, 210. Poultry manure, how to use it, 144. Powell, E. P., articles by, 118, 142, 79- Primulas, New Hardy, 231. Prize Winners of 1913, 52. Problems of Retarding Growth, 148. Profitable Strawberry Patch, A, 194.* Propagation, 24.* Pruning the elm, 256.* shrubs, 284.* ‘ Purchase, C. March cover. Purdue, W. F., article by, 138. Putnam, J. Bishop, article by, 200. Pyrethrum, 21.* A., photograph by, Quality Peaches for the Home Gar- den, 93.* Readers’ Experience ‘Club, 104. Reading, H. G., article by, 122. Red Sunflower, The Making of the, Boren Rehmann, Elsa, articles by, 87, 174. Reminders for the Greenhouse, 188. Repotting, 24.* Retarding growth, 148. Rising, Mrs. A., Jr., article by, 152. Robinson, A. H., article by, 146. Effie M., articles by, 314, 350. Rockwell, F. F., articles by, 240, 272. Rodgers, Harry J., article and plans by, 190. Rose bugs that eat grape flowers, 312. canker, 124. Garden in Missouri, A, 186.* Hadley, June cover. of Sharon hedge, 287.* Plants, Bedding, 245.* Society of Ontario, Canada, The 304. Testing Gardens, (Official, 306. Roses, 186. A Hint for Selecting, 122. Outdoors in New England, 169.* Own-Root versus Budded, 298, 337. the newer, 285. INDEX TO GARDEN MAGAZINE Russell, Mrs. M. K., article by, 300. Rutledge, Archibald, articles by, 128, 134, 148. Salad, tomato, 314.* Salvia, An Idea for Planting, 198. Sample, Omar H., article by, rro. Scarecrow, A “‘Deer”’, 68. School Garden, Establishing a, 27. Scott, J. R., article by, 338. Seed for the home vegetable garden, 44. Hardy Perennials from, 260. perennials from, 21.* sowing, 10,* 327.* in February, ro. the South, 54. Seeds, how to plant, 177.* Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles by, 27, 102, 185, 248, 300. Shelters, garden, 16.* 17.* Shirley Poppies in Bloom June First, 68 * Showell, George G., photograph by, 330. Shrubs and trees for trying sites, 98.* how to prune, 284.* transplant, 13.* use effectively, 174.* That Are Really Hardy, 95.* Why and How to Use Them, 87.* Sinclair, G. H., article by, roo. photographs by, 100, tot. Snowball, 95.* Society of American Florists, annual convention of, 304. Soil, artificial, for sweet potatoes, 140. Sterilizing the, 116.* Some New Plants Worth Watching, 231. Perennials Easily Grown from Seed, Dil Pergolas, Fences and Garden Shel- ters, 16,* 17.* Trees and Shrubs for Trying Sites, 098. ‘ Sowing Annuals in the Open, 106. perennial seeds, 327.* seed in February, to. vegetable seed, 10.* Spencer, J. H., article by, 95. photographs by, 95, 96. Spirea, 96.* : hedge, 287.* Spraying, 283.* Sprays to Use, The, 172. Spring, Florence, article by, 21. photographs by, 23. Spruce, The Oriental, so. Squash, winter, 136. Stack, Garrett M., articles by, 68, 202. Starting Flowers in a Hotbed in Cal- ifornia, 30. the Hotbeds Going, 14. Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 54, 118, 156, 197, 264, 310, 348. photograph by, 156. Sterilizing the Soil, 116.* Stock food for the North, 264. Stoddard, George O., photographs by, 18, 19. Strawberry Patch, A Profitable, 194.* that “Came Back,” A, 190. Suggestions for the Home Table, 314," 350. Summer Flowers From May Plant- ing, 245.* Insect Pests of, 3209.* Sunflower, red, July cover, 332," 333," 334. The Making of the Red, 332.* Syringa, 96.* Tabor, Grace, article by, 309. Tamarix, 95." Taylor, John E., article by, 34. Thomas, E. K.., article by, 185. photographs by, 185, 300. Thousand Dahlias in a Suburban Yard, A, 216. To Be Sown for Winter Bloom, 339.* Tomatoes grown to stakes, 177.* Transplanting, 13.* into Flats, 114.* Poppies, A Method of, 210. Trees and shrubs for trying sites, 98.* Four Interesting Old, 4%. Troth, H., photographs by, 17, 171, 230, 247. Trumbull, Mrs. E. E., article and photograph by, 258. Trying Out Novelties, 156.* Tuberous Rooted Begonia, The, 258.* Tulips, 234,* 235." Under Glass, 24, 339. Using Shrubs Effectively, 174.* Van Fleet, Dr. W., article by, 337- Vegetable garden planted in June, 289. Vegetables for succession crops, 238. Viburnum, 95,* 231.* Vincent, R., Jr., & Sons Co., photo- graphs by, 240, 241. Wallace, W. H., photograph by, 297. Ward, Admiral Aaron, article by, 298. Watering, 328.* Watermelon, 156.* Waugh, F. A., article by, 287. photographs by, 288. W. C. McC., article by, 264. Weeds, how to get the best of, 208.* What To Do With the Hotbeds Now, 97- Which, Early or Late Crops? 128. Why Grass is Injurious to Orchards, 94. Whyte, R. B., photograph by, 167. Wilkinson, Albert E., articles by, 14, 27, 97, 114, 171, 272. photographs by, 116. Wilson, E. H., article by, 48. Window boxes, latticed, 232.* Winter Squash on Poor Land, 136. Wistaria, March cover. Wright, Frank, articles by, 40, 106. (LEME Vou. XIX, No. 1 FEBRUARY, 1914 istemne Cee | THE GARDE MAGAZIN se SEED SOWING NUMBER Chrysanthemum Novelties Starting the Hotbeds Going A Lecture on Cultivation Raising Perennials from Seed Apple Varieties for Small Gardens Garden Shelters and Pergolas SS SSS SS SSeS aS. 4s SS 5) : 2 > == COUNTRY LIFE IN. AMERICA => THE WORLD'S WORK THT New York MT NAMA Purity aye 0 f Flowers & eee Grasses i i Full particulars) of »~v > p i. yT,, 5900 BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products Spring Planting In our 300 Acres of highly cultivated Nursery Land we are growing Nursery Products for everybody and suitable for all parts of the country. We shall be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nursery and inspect the Quality of stock we grow, or submit their lists of wants for Spring Planting. sapien / SPECIAL AGENTS IN AMERICA for SUTTON & SONS Wa ls YU Y MEE The Following Plants for Outdoor Planting, Interior and Exterior Decorations are Among Our Specialties ROSES. We have several hundred thousand RHODODENDRONS, KALMIAS and Rose Plants that will bloom this year. Order Other Large Leaved Evergreens. We are at once to avoid disappointment. growing in large quantities. ORNAMENTAL SHADE TREES AND BOXWOOD. We grow thousands of plants FLOWERING SHRUBS. Many thousands in many shapes and sizes. can be seen growing in our Nursery- HARDY .TRAILING AND CLIMBING HARDY OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS, a Weierow thenmiiow every plaresand PEONIES AND IRIS. Several acres of our Nursery are exclusively devoted to their BAYTREES, PALMS and other plants for culture. conservatories, interior and exterior decorations. é TRAINED, DWARF AND ORDINARY HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quan- FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS. tity of California Privet, Berberis and other We grow these for Fruit Gardens and Hedge Plants. Orchards. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES, Many acres of our Nursery are planted with ey GARDEN FURNITURE, AND them. All are balled and burlapped and have RUSTIC WORK. We manufacture all’ shapes splendid root system. and ue OUR WONDERFUL NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MARSH- MALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this hardy new old-fashioned flower. It is perfectly hardy and will grow everywhere. OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 25, describes the above. | VISITORS take Erie R. R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery. OUR LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere With Our “World’s Choicest Nursery Products.” Wd We take pleasure in announcing our appoint- ment as Special Agents in the United States, for Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, England, recognized as the world’s leading seedsmen. Vdd Ud Yl Orders may now be placed with us, and we undertake to deliver the seeds, attending to all de- tails of importation, without extra cost to buyers. Catalogues may be had on application. eee EAE@EEE ye Y Vdd WINTER, SON & CO. 64 WALL STREET, NEW YORK CITY Vd Vda Vii Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey SG wv eo ev ve — we BDBC@wGKQCG WEN KKUIU[| To The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock 8 THE, GAR DE New AG AVZeaONe FEBRUARY, 1914 Romances of Modern Business HE American romance is in the large office-buildings and the marts of trade; it is the romance of great achievements in commerce, in industrial leadership. And it isa wonder- ful romance! The child of the world’s nations is leading them!—ARNOLD BENNETT. CHARA Rest How Time Was Sent Ticking Around the World Tuts story tells how the world was helped to measure its time. It is an interesting story, well worth a volume. It is about the Ingersoll dollar watch. We first see two farmer boys from Michigan, with a small loft in Fulton Street, in New York City, selling rubber type and other small things of their own invention. Then we turn a few pages and view these same rustic lads transformed into the executives of a business with its arms reaching to all corners of the earth. Robert H. Ingersoll and his brother, Charles, by peddling their specialties, had worked up a small trade in New York. One day the elder boy noticed a small clock hanging on the wall of an office he visited. The young man saw a vision in that clock. Its works were machine-made and, therefore, inexpensive. He believed they could be made small enough to fit into a watch-case. He knew that a watch so made could be sold at a small price and would meet a universal need. Young Ingersoll requested the maker of the clock to reduce the size of the works. ‘The suggestion was ridiculed. But the farmer boy did not mind being laughed at and worked on the model him- self. The result was that the first Ingersoll watch was offered for sale in 1893. Ingersoll believed that his fortune had been made when he completed the watch. He knew that there were hundreds of thousands of citizens walking up and down in the United States at that very moment who would be glad to pay a dollar for such a watch. But how was he to reach these people, how acquaint the public with his product ? The co-operation of dealers could not be en- listed; they preferred to sell higher-priced watches. So months passed in the little loft in Fulton Street. The psychology of advertising had impressed itself on Robert Ingersoll when he had read a small weekly magazine that reached the Michigan farm. He decided to insert a small advertisement— the smallest that would be accepted—in a magazine. Enters now a magazine advertising manager. He had seen the small announcement and perceived the commercial possibili- ties of a dollar watch. He found two young Western men in a small loft with a big commodity and not knowing what to do with it. Then the Ingersoll brothers listened to what seemed like a fairy story to them. They should take a quarter-page of space in the magazine and great success would be theirs. This they considered a too uncertain financial risk. They were reluctant. The advertising man was persistent and eloquent. Ingersoll’s courage fattened on the other’s vision. The contract for the quarter-page advertisement was given. “Tt was like staking an entire fortune on the turn of a wheel,” said Robert H. Ingersoll, in telling of this crucial episode in the history of his business. “I can never forget that time. From the day the contract was made and the copy O.K.’d, until the maga- zine came out, three weeks later, we waited with bated breath. “The first day’s mail after that magazine had reached its readers brought us fifteen hundred dollars’ worth of orders. From then on business increased as we broadened our magazine advertising campaign. The world’s time used to be measured by a bell, asun dial, or a steam whistle, but now Ingersoll watches have ticked their way around the world and the world measures its time by them.” It is only a little more than twenty years since the Ingersoll watch was placed upon the market. Today it is used throughout the world. Thirty-five million watches have been sold. Fifteen thousand are manufactured and shipped daily. After Colonel Roosevelt returned from his African trip, he told Mr. Ingersoll that in some places of the Dark Continent he found his fame resting on having come from the same land where the Ingersoll watch was made. Robert Ingersoll, now the president of a great industry, often has wondered what he and his brother would have done if the magazine advertising manager had not walked into their office and directed their course. Today the course would be perfectly obvious. A young firm with something that everyone wanted would find some way to buy space in the magazines and tell the public aboutit. But this was in a day before high-power magazine publicity had attained its present efficiency. The advertising manager showed them how to tell the entire world of their watch, how to reach the thirty-five million men and women who today are using Ingersoll watches. From a loft in a New York building the news of this dollar watch being made spread throughout the world. A direct avenue of success was opened through the pages of the national magazines. Great as the Ingersoll watch is, and great as was the latent demand for it, its history could not have become one of the most stirring romances of modern business life if it had not been written, chapter by chapter, month by month, in the advertising pages of the American national magazines. And the public service promoted in the develonment of an industry such as Robert H. Ingersoll & Bro. must not be over- looked. ‘Thirty-five million men, women, and children of many nations of the world have been enabled to measure their working and playing hours by a correct timepiece. They have become more correct and businesslike; their lives have been made more orderly and systematic. Mr. Ingersoll started out to give the world a dollar watch, and, despite the increased price of labor and materials, still is turning out a dollar watch. And the world has been made the better for it. This is the second of a series of articles that is being published to show how magazine advertising is serving the public. Frpruary, 1914 Once Grown Always Grown Maule’s Seeds Endorsed by more than 450,000 pro- gressive gardeners as the best ever My new Seed Catalogue contains everything good in seeds, bulbs, small fruits and plants. 750 illustrations; 176 pages. Free to any one sending mea request for it. Sed for zt today. WM. HENRY MAULE 21st and Arch Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Send Io cents, mention this paper, I will enclose in the catalogue a packet of the above GIANT pansy. AHLIAS OVER 600 VARIETIES They Win Prizes Everywhere Send for FREE CATALOGUE GEO. L. STILLMAN, Dahlia Specialist, Box C-4, Westerly, R. I. RHODODENDRONS AND MT. LAUREL TWO OF NATURE’S MOST WONDERFUL CREATIONS We are pleased to announce that in conjunction with our LANDSCAPE DEP’T we have installed a Nursery specializing in RHODODENDRON and KALMIA LATIFOLIA. We have worked for years to lower the price of these floral treasures, in order to promote a more extensive planting, and to put them in reach of every flower lover. Our special offer is made to acquaint you with them. SPECIAL OFFER CHOICE OF 6 Rhododendron Maximum (fully budded) 2 ft. or 6 Kalmia Latifolia (Mt. Laurel) . . . 2 ft. or 3: Rhododendron and3 Mt. Laurel . . . 2 ft. for $9.00 To those who have longed for a Rhododendron Garden, we want to send our book entitled “A PLEA FOR RHODO- DENDRONS AND KALMIA.” It will give you complete information on the care and value of these plants. LANDSCAPE DEPT. We can increase the value of your property, by giving you the benefit of expert advice on your Landscape problems: by supplying trees and shrubs of matured growth, giving you an immediate effect. “a You will profit by wz'ting for our booklet on the “ART OF LANDSCAPE GAE=-#NING.” Sent upon request. LUETCHFORD & CONNOR Landscape Architects 509 Exchange Place Bldg. ROCHESTER, N. Y. The Modern Gladiolus J again make my offer of 50 Gladiolus bulbs, carefully select- ed, and including several of the best named sorts, for soc. I take pains to add to my assortment the best new varie- ties and keep plenty of the best old sorts. I believe I give more fine gladioli for the money than any other advertiser. Among new ones I have NIAGARA, PANAMA, EUROPA, MRS. PEND- LETON, WILLY WIGMAN and many hie GoAek DEN) MAGAZINE All Roses Look Alike —on paper—but PETERSON ROSES are different — superior — and then plus They’re the result of many years of enthusiastic, painstaking effort by one who has made Rose= growing a lifelong hobby, passion—call it what you will. And right here in little Fair Lawn, N. J., we are admittedly now growing the strongest, finest Rose plants the world has eyer seen. ‘Peterson Roses’’ have revolutionized out=door rose=growing — made success rise out of the ashes of former failures—as thousands of en= thusiastic patrons all over this country and Canada have experienced. If, this year, you want ‘“‘real roses’’ in your garden all Summer and Fall, send now for a 1914 copy of “A Little Book About Roses” an exquisite publication dear to the heart of every Rose=-lover who knows it. Sent free to intending purchasers—to anyone on receipt of ten cents (to insure appreciation) in coin or stamps. GEORGE H. Rose and Peony Specialist Dahlias Imported and home grown. The very best to be found at rea- It is made from crucible steel of highest grade. shank and socket are all in one piece. teenth of aninch thick. A steel rivet holds the fine maple handle so it can never come off. You'll only need one of these fine trowels in a lifetime. Bethlehem, Pa., Aug. 20, 1912. In the spring of tort, and again this year, I planted a lot of your roses, with the result of having a profusion of blooms, in our garden, that I have never seen excelled under glass anywhere, to say nothing of flowers grown out of doors. I want to say to you that these roses have given me more pleasure than any like imvestment has ever afforded me. (DR.) H. J. LACIAR. Long Prairie, Minn., May 1, 1913. My roses reached me on time to a min- ute as I ordered. In 30 years’ rose-grow- img I never received so nice a shipment and I never saw so good a one sent out or received by anyone. They were all mag- nificent specimens, in the finest con- dition. J. D. JONES. PETERSON Box 50, Fair Lawn, N. J. This Trowel Is Almost Time-Proof The blade, The blade is a six- sonable prices. All in field grown tubers. No plants sent out unless wanted. Southern grown bulbs are full of vitality. One clump had eighty- three blooms, not counting buds. Six hundred varieties. Send postal for Catalog. MRS. H. A. TATE OLD Fort, N. C. Garden Trowel Price $0.75 each IRISE Here at The Gardens, we specialize in this one most artistic flower in its hundreds of varieties and colors. Being the only Specialists in America growing, and offering IRISES exclusively, we have the most wonderful collection to be found any- where, acres of them, over 750 varieties. you will want some of these popular varieties for your Hardy Garden. We are doing for the Iris what Kelway of England, Lemoine of France, and the leading specialists of America are doing for the mod- If you are a lover of flowers )) KEEN KUTTER s Garden Tools are ali of first quality in materials and work- manship Nearlya half century of experience stands back of them. Ask your dealer to show you the Keen Kutter nursery spade—for trans- . planting shrubs, bushes and small trees. Has | double steel straps the entire length of handle. There isn’t a better spade at any price. “The Recollection of Quality Remains Long After the Price is Forgotten.” Trade Mark Registered. —E.C.SIMMONS. If not at your dealer’s, write us. SIMMONS HARDWARE CO. St. Louis, U. S. A. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet No. 1646 No. K05 EXCLUSIVELY! ern Paeony. SEND ATONCE FOR BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE. ERITH N. SHOUP THE GARDENS - - DAYTON, OHIO The Readers’ Service gives information about invesiments others. Bulbs and catalogue postpaid. GEO. S. WOODRUFF Box B Independence, Iowa 4 THE Ge AR DEN WAG AS Zan aE (Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarDEN MacazineE, 11-13 W. 32d Street, | ee ee ee eee ee ee eee ee lie YOU are looking for the best possible strain of Rhode Island Reds, either for utility purposes, or for prize winning prospects, this award made to us at the recent Madison Square Show at New York, ought go a long way toward making you decide to buy my Reds. It’s easy enough to produce an occasional high class prize winning bird, but to continue year after year to keep up the high standard and for 10 years carry of leading winnings — that is the real test of a strain’s superiority and actual reli- for $2 apiece. ae First Prize Cock, Boston 1913 | ESTE WIGWARM Setting. and Brood Coop For a hen and her chicks and while sheis sitting. Gives Bi? $2 protection from rats, skunks, hawks, and other enemies. In- Haine F< sures larger hatches i —has proved its suc- Se a cess for years. m7 Shipped knocked 2 ft. high. WIGWARM Brooder Hot-water and hot-air heating combined gives perfect ventilation—no danger of overheating— maintains even tem- perature regardless of cold outside. Used and endorsed by poultry experts and by experi- ment stations and such men as Dr. A. A. Brigham, Dr. N. W, Sanborn, Dr. P. T. Woods and Mr. A. F. Hunter. Size, 3x5 feet. Visit our * showrooms iE. F. HODGSON UNIFORMITY IN TYPE AND COLOR We can sell you the finest of our Utility stock Setting eggs for $10 per 100. Our other grades are Near Silks, Top Notchers, and Special Top Notchers. quote you prices on any of them. Speciaily mated pen of 4 pullets and male from $15 up. Why not start with one of our pens? Single exhibition birds from $15 up. Send for catalog. It’s an unusual one in many ways. Contains helps on fare and care. about what purpose you want stock, and I will gladly do all I can to help you. OMPKINS ¢ lompkins Rhode [sland Reds CONCORD, MASS. VMOU RA downsize, 2x4 ft, . Catalog Free Room 311, 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass. ) | Craftsman Bldg., 6 East 39th St., New York { PTT ability. That’s Tompkins’ record. Besides the Silver Cup, we won Special Display for best string of R. I. Reds in all that big show, not to mention rst, 2nd and grd prize on Cocks. Utility stock of such a strain make a flock that can’t be beaten for vigor, laying qualities and marketableness. It’s a generally understood fact that R. I. Reds are to-day the best all around bird. Quick grow- ers, continuous layers, light boned and heavy meated. We will be glad to Let me know First Prize Pullet, Madison Square No. 0 Colony Laying House— Fitted complete with nests, fountain for 12 hens and feed trough. Sanitary—easily cleaned. One man can easily care for several hundred birds. Nicely painted—set up in fifteen minutes. A comfortable year-round house. In EE stormy weather the run may be covered, giving a protected scratching room, Size, 10x4 ft,, 5 ft. Five-Section Poultry House— 10x50 ft. Sanitary, durable, up-to-date—made of red cedar, clap- boarded outside, interior sheathed. Made in 10-ft. sec- tions, each fitted with roosts, nests and fountain. Open fronts, with canvas-covered frames. You can add sec- tions atany time. Easily erected. First section, $75.00; additional sections, $60,00 each. Address all correspondence to Boston Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. FEBRUARY, 1914 New York. Your P oultry Profits Staked On Your Equipment W ita the greatest poultry profits ever, in sight, you » want the equipment that yields every possible chick and starts them right. This means every possi- ble dollar in a big money making year. You take no chances with the known and proved incubator and brooder. Be guided by the world’s leading poultry raisers. Equip with Incubators Cyphers and Brooders World’s Standard. Self-ventilating, self-regulating— mean big continuous hatches. Let us help you win the fullest measure of success and profit. Our Big FREE Poultry Guide is full of practical information and helpful service; 244 pages; 500 illustrations, 2S= = Write for your copy _today. Also for facts about Cyphers Company’s Free Bulletin and Personal-Letter Service which supplies continual, practical help in profitable poultry rais- Send name and address ing. now. ‘Cyphers Incubator Co., Dept.61 Buffalo, N. Y. L Ss -CYPHERS INCUBATOR Fire Proofed-Insurable. 43 High-Grade Cattle — High -Grade Farmers The Pure-Bred Jersey Cow is one of the most high-grade animals ever developed by man. The high-grade farmer demands the high- grade cow. No breed equals the Jersey for the eco- nomical production of high-grade milk and butter. . No breed equals the Jersey for intensive farming. Send for information to THE AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB 324 W. 23d Street, New York “F. P. C. CHICK MANNA” A complete prepared food for little chicks, turkeys, etc. Introduced 1884. The first chick food on the market and recognized every- whereas the best. Brings chicks safely through Critical first ten days. ‘‘Chicks like it and thrive wonderfully on it.’ Ask your dealer for it. Special Trial Offer by Parcel Post. Write today for our introduc- tory offer to ship 1-lb., 5-lb., or a 15-lb. package, postpaid by mail. Send for free circulars of ““F.P. C.” Poultry Faods and Supplies. F, P. CASSEL & SON, No. A-6 Lansdale, Pa. Greider’s Fine Catalogue and calendar oy fine, pure-bred poultry for 1914. This book contains many pages of poultry facts. 7o different varieties, some shown in natural colors. All illustrated and described, tells how to make hens lay, raise and care for them, all about the Famous Greider Incubators and Brooders. Shows photo of the largest poultry farm in Penn. Prices of breeding stock and eggs for hatching and sup- plies within reach of all, A perfect guide to all poultry raisers. Send xoc for this noted book on poultry. Box 25, Rheems, Pa. ay B. H. GREIDER, There’s Money in P oultry Our’ Home Study Course. in Practical Poultry Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to make poultry pay. Personal instruction. Expert advice. 250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 10, Springfield, Mass. KELLERSTRASS POULTRY BOOK Send Jos out ee Peay EDO GT IR ble information for every : poultry raiser. Contains a. beautiful picture of the world famous ‘‘ Peggy ’’—the $10,000 Hen and tells you all about the great Kellerstrass Plant, and the price of stock andeggs. Send 4c to pay postage and your name and address today. KELLERSTRASS POULTRY FARM, 2000 Westport Road, Kansas City, Mo. Prof. Graham The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock Freprvuary, 1914 Bob White Quail |Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deez, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept.55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. 10 Years of Scientific Line-Breeding — Devoted to producing a distinctive type, fine color and large size fowl that is alsoa great egg producer. That’s the record behind the prize-winning strain of Sunswick Farm S. C. Buff Orpingtons A long list of satisfied customers will testify to the remarkable 7/2/77 quality of this strain as well as its ability to win prizes. We have 1,000 choice yearling breeders for sale, also Eggs for hatching and day-old chicks from our choice mat- ings. Book your order early. Write Today lor Our Free Cat- alog describing our S. C. Buff Orping- tons and Buff Orpington Ducks. No other breeds. SUNSWICK POULTRY FARM Rufus Delafield, Owner South Plainfield, Box M, New Jersey "are made in theSoutheast where poultry run on green range the year around and pick up much of their feed, the fine airand exercise Large Poultry es pensive houses needed, noroup, Hl colds or frozen combs. GoodLands$15anAcreUp Soil is fine for fruit and truck along with poultry or dairying. Quick transportation tothe best markets in the world. Corn, wheat, oats and other crops yield heavily. Climate ideal. State booklets and information of conditions along the South- { ern Ry., M.&O.R. R. and Ga. So. & Fla. Ry. on request. M. V. RICHARDS Land andInd, Agent s Room 48 .Southerno Ry. Baby Chicks of Quality Sent by Express Direct to You Why bother with eggs? I can supply you with healthy young chicks at once and guarantee them to reach you in good con- dition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S. C. R. I. Reds. Prices reasonable. Chick catalogue free. R.C.Caldwell, Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio Photography, Good Sport q but the results are not always satisfactory. Ask practical help from the photo-man with THE READERS’ SERVICE _A SHETLAND PONY is an unceasing source of pleasure. A safe and ideal playmate. Makes the child strong and of robust health. Highest type—complete outfits—here. Inexpensive. Satisfaction guare \ anteed. Write for illustrated catalog. BELLE MEADE FARM Dept. 15 Markham, Va. THE GA DEN COPYRIGHTED, RALSTON PURINA CO, 1914 VAG AZ NE 5 Chicken Chowder makes Chesty Chix It makes them grow twice as fast. This means large profits, heavy egg produc- tion and vigorous chicks that withstand disease. You can't afford to be without this growing feed now, any more than you could afford to be without it last winter when you proved that “if Chicken Chowder won’t make your hens lay they must be roosters.” Feed Chicken Chowder in addition to Purina Chick Feed and double your profits. For sale by leading dealers. Order from your dealer today. ing and feeding charts, space for will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints, Sprains, \ Bruises, Soft Bunches; Heals Boils, Poll Evil, Quittor, Fistula, or any un- healthy sore quickly as it is a positive antiseptic and germicide. Pleasant to } use; does not blister under bandage lnEé: or remove the hair, and you can work % the horse. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. te Book 7 K free. W.F.YOUNG,P.D.F., 152 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. j=COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE Half the Cost— with the PROFIT FARM BOILER With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in one minute. The simplest and best arrange- ment for cooking food for stock. Dairy and Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc. {&} Send for particulars and ask for circular L D.R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill. All About Poultry Keeping; = Fanciers, Farmers and Beginners should Its Profits. get the FREE POULTRY BOOK and Cata- logue written by ROBERT ESSEX well known throughout America after a QUARTER CENTURY’S experience in all branches of poultry-keeping. It tells How to Make Money with Hens, Show Birds, Eggs and Market Fowl; how to Start Right; con- tains Pictures of 30 Poultry Houses; describes America’s Largest Line of Incubators and Brooders. Write today for this Free Book. Address Nearest Office Robert Essex Incubator Co. 203,802? Sto Bato. Nt Also make 87 Barelay St., New York City Checkerboard Poultry Book FREE! For your dealer's name we will send you this 48-page Poultry Book, containing plans of houses, breed- i aily egg records, cures of di contains information about Col. Purina’s half price galvanized iron Chick Drinking Fountain [2 for 25c] and more details about his Automatic Chicken Chowder Feeder [50c]. diseases, care of baby chicks, etc. It also White today: Col. Purina, Purina Mills, 829 Gratiot Street, St. Louis, Mo. “ About Dogs” is a book every dog-lover will delight in. are rich in invaluable suggestions. with sample of Austin’s Dog Bread. Your dog will be the bet- e a % ter for your sending for us S it. His eyes brighter, Its pages It is sent FREE, coat glossier, and muscle D G sounder. He'll also thank you in his own tail- wagging, wriggling, R EAD joyful way for the better health, digestion and disposition brought to him by Austin’s Dog Bread, the best food for dogs. Write now for free bread and book. AUSTIN DOG BREAD & ANIMAL FOOD CO. 203 Marginal St. Chelsea, Mass. MAKE the eggs—more fertile: vigorous chicks; earlier MANN’S Book free. F. W. 10 Days’ Free Trial. MANN CO. Box 325 For information about live stock write to the Readers’ Service Lots of eggs by feeding green bone fresh cut, because it is rich in protein and all other egg elements. LATEST MODEL kinds of bene, with adhering meat and gristle, easy, fast and fine. No money in advance. HENS LAY You get twice broilers: heavier fowls: bigger profits: cuts all Automatic feed. open hopper, never clogs. BONE CUTTER MILFORD, MASS. 6 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Frpruarvy. 1914 |- THE: TALK: OF- THE - OFFICE: AT LAST A READER For some ten years the Talk of the Office notes have been appearing in our magazines. They contain so much that is of a self- congratulatory nature and have such a strong flavor of advertising for the firm that prints them that the writer is surprised when he finds that some one has accidentally read them. This extraordinary thing has just happened, made evident in the form of a complaint from a friend, who reminds us that in our January New Year expression of grati- tude to those who helped us through 1973, we did not mention our advertisers. If we failed to speak of our friends who con- tribute perhaps the brightest and most en- livening part of our magazines, we were indeed remiss. We overlooked the obvious, as most people do, and we will now proceed to tell the advertiser what many magazine people know, but perhaps do not proclaim in the market place. Our obligation to you, Mr. Advertiser, is two-fold. It is like that gracious thing of which Portia says: “The quality of mercy is not strained; It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes.” If our magazines were bereft of advertising, but few would buy our scrawny appearing monthlies. Americans more than most nation- alities want quick information put in an interesting and graphic way about good things that are new and old things that are good and looking for new markets. Consider the time and expense devoted to preparing the announcements that appear from perhaps a thousand wide-awake business people in Doubleday, Page & Co.’s magazines alone each month. The labor and thought put into these advertisements is enormous: drawings, designs, illustrations, careful word- ing, vivid expressions —all for the benefit of our readers whom we both serve, Mr. Advertiser. There is a story told a thousand times of a quick-minded Englishman who received his American magazines sans advertisements, removed by a frugal relative to save postage, “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.’’—Antony and Cleopatra. and his despairing cry, ‘‘Cut out the text if you must, but don’t, I beg of you, destroy the advertisements.” It is a true story and a suggestive one. A large number of our magazines go abroad, and what the advertisements mean to exiles who want a picture of our activities at home can hardly be fully realized. A good friend of ours (may his tribe increase) and of missionaries takes many hundred yearly subscriptions to our magazines and sends them to all parts of the world. Our corres- pondence shows almost daily the interest of these people in the advertisements. Even members of royal families frequently order goods from the pages of our humble magazines, and we could tell more stories of these things were it not for our shrinking modesty. And all this long dissertation, Mr. Adver- tiser, is not only to thank you for what you have done and are doing for our readers and ourselves, but to exhort you to continue to spread the light in increasing space and at- tractiveness of announcements. We hope that no quack medical or unworthy commer- cial undertaking will ever stray into our pages, no advertisement that will do our readers harm; so let us combine to (no pun intended) do them good. SPRING BOOKS Already there has been published the Wil- liamson’s new novel, ‘It Happened in Egypt,” and the following books are down for publica- tion upon these approximate dates: January: A THOUSAND YEARS AGO. 75¢ net. Kinpiinc. A Play, by Charles Kenyon. 75c net. Crowns, Jr., by Gerald Stanley Lee. 5oc net. TAXATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, by Frederic Mathews. $2.50 net. At THE WorLp’s Heart. Poems, by Cale Young Rice. $1.25 net. A Play, by Percy Mackaye. February: AMERICA AND THE PHILIPPINES, by Carl Crow. trated, $2. net. My GarpENn Doctor, by Frances Duncan. $1.00 net. A SON OF THE AGES, by Stanley Waterloo. Illustrated, $1.25 net. Tue CARPENTER AND THE RicH Man, by Bouck White. $1.25 net. Tlus- CHANCE, by Joseph Conrad. $1.35 net. THE PANAMA CANAL, by Frederic J. Haskin. trated, $1.35 net. THE Loves oF AMBROSE, by Margaret Vandercook. Illustrated, $1.00 net. CLEEK OF SCOTLAND YARD, by Thomas W. Hanshew. Illustrated, $1.25 net. Tilus- March: Tae MExiIcAN PEOPLE: THEIR STRUGGLE FOR FREE- pom, by L. Gutierrez de Lara and Edgcumb Pinchon. Illustrated, $1.50 net. Tuat Farm, by Harrison Whittingham. Illustrated, $1.20 net. Penrop, by Booth Tarkington. net. BUILDING BY A BUILDER, by Benjamin A. Howes. Tilustrated, $1.20 net. Illustrated, $1.25 April: VANDOVER AND THE BruTE, by Frank Norris. $1.35 net. Tree Guipr. by Julia Ellen Rogers. Illustrated, $z.0o net. May: Tse Pastor’s Wire, by the author of “Elizabeth and Her German Garden.” $1.35 net. Lire IS A Dream, by Richard Curle. $1.25 net. Boy Scour’s Camp Bock, by Edward Cave. Illus- trated; paper, 50c. met; leather, 75c. net. ADE’S FABLES, by George Ade. Illustrated by John T. McCutcheon, $2.00 net. PsycHOLoGy AND SociaL Santty, by Hugo Minster- berg. $1.20 net. JosrpH ConraApD, by Richard Curle. $1.50 net. Forrest Nercupors, by William Davenport Hulbert. Illustrated, cheap. edition, 5oc. net. The Seven Seas Kipling will be continue! through the year, a volume a month. ENOL SIDES, JOSEPH CONRAD It is our hope to introduce this brilliant writer to many new readers. He is accepted by many in England as a master of his craft. We have published a little book, a sketch of his life and work. A copy will be sent with our compliments if you will send a card. The following are the books by Mr. Conrad published by us: FALK. . Net, $x. 3 Lorp Jum : Net, ith ROMANCE (written with Ford Madox Huet- fer) ree ani ire FINICES, Mee OG Tur Pont or Honor Net, 1.20 YOUTH . . Net, 1.35 *"Twixt LAND AND SEA Net, 1.25 Ee lc eC Fepruary, 1914 TEE GARD EN MAG AZIN E 7 SOOO S SSS SSS SOS SS SS SSeS" 16 Garden Boosters *13 This is a Special Combination of Sizes Best Adapted to BOSS SSS S SS SS SSS SS 5850S SS SOS cents and made it an even $13. {IRON AND WIRE FENCES Fences of all descriptions for City and Suburban Homes. Write today for our Loose-Leaf Catalogue, and state briefly your requirements, AMERICAN FENCE CONSTRUCTION ©, 92 Church Street, New York STRAWBERRIES (Ss d Fall Bearing) and Seal Smaleroreelants nm Strawberries and all Small Fruit Plants mean big and quick profits for you at small outlay ™ of money. f We are headquarters for Summer and Fall Bearing Strawberry Plants, Raspberries, Blackberries, Gooseberries, Currants, Grapes, Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental Shrubs, Eggs for Hatching, Crates, Baskets, Seed Potatoes, etc. Best varieties, lowest price. 30 yrs.’ experience. Our free catalogue is brimful of valuable information. Write today. L. J. FARMER Box 429,Pulaski,N.Y. frames in this combination. The sizes and number of each for the combination, were arrived at after look- ing over the orders and noting the aver- age selections made by our enthusiastic gardening friends. It was plain that two Single Row Frames, four Melon Frames, and. ten Single Plant Frames, was the assortment most in demand. At regular prices they would cost $13.75 for the 16. So we dropped the 75 "[ irames are three different sized By shipping them “‘knocked down” the freight rate is brought down very low. Every part will be all ready so you can assemble them quickly and easily. The bolt holes are all drilled, making it a very simple matter to fasten the sides and ends together with the cast iron corner pieces. The wood is cypress, painted with best grey lead and pure linseed oil. If given an occasional painting, these frames ought to last a lifetime. Lord & Burnham Company BOSTON, Tremont Bldg. FACTORIES : Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, Ill. egeggadaaaoaeaeetaaNanEE NEW YORK, 42nd Street Bldg. CHICAGO, Rookery Bldg. NEW PAEONY DAHLIA Sizes and Prices Here are the sizes and prices on the six different sized frames we make Single Plant Frames 11X13 inches. Glass slips in grooves. The profit on them isso very small that it would not pay us to bother with less than 10 at $6.25. Single Row Frames Same width but three times longer than Single Plant frames. Special removable sash. Four for $5. 1ofor$xz.75. 25 for 28.50. Melon Frames Standard size 223x253. 4 for $5. Junior size 194x203. 5 for$4.4o0. 10 for $8.50. Junior Frames The sash for these frames is 34 inches wide and 383 inches long. The frames are 8 inches high in front and 12 inches at the back. started is to get started. SALES OFFICES : ROCHESTER, Granite Bldg. PHILADELPHIA, Franklin Bank Bldg. AS, AS. AS) AS) SSSSSS880 One Sash Frame complete, $5. Two Sash Frame complete, $8. Three Sash Frame complete, $11. Four Sash Frame complete, $14. Standard Frames These are the kind that have been in use for hot beds and cold frames, nobody knows how long. The sash are 3x6 feet and glazed with either Single or Double Lite. Depth of frame in front 8 inches. At back 16 inches. We always have in stock 2-3 and 4 sash frames. Other lengths quickly made to order. 2 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, $13.50. } : ! 3 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, 9.50. 4 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, 24.50. For Double Lite Sash add soc to each sash. $x All these frames are illustrated and described in detail in our Two P’s Booklet. You will find it fairly teeming with practical gardening suggestions. It’s the kind of booklet that you give notice to the rest of the family that if they borrow it, you want “it plainly understood it must be brought back and put just where they got it from.”” Just that kind of a booklet. Send for it. Make up your frame order soon as possible. The only way to get TORONTO, 12 Queen St., East 9) Us 5 SE US ) S 5) S 5) S 5) USS 5) ID SF SF S&F SEF SF SE G ay GIS 2d) Se CaN 8 Ad ed) « AS GRY AS ASD OG" AS GOP SP@eeeeee EN eye SOe' EN Gey See “John Wanamaker” Newest, Handsomest, Best. Cut Blooms sold at $3.00 per doz. New Color, New Form, New Habit of Growth. To be introduced in to15. Send for information how you can get a “‘ John Wanamaker” in May, 1914. Our new catalogue entitled “‘ The World’s Best Dahlias” showing a natural color reproduction of the Dahlia “John Wanamaker,” and accurately describing this wonderful new creation, by pen and photographs FREE! Copiously illustrated with new Photo Engravings. The leading Dahlia Catalogue. PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS Berlin, New Jersey The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools Paint Without Oil Remarkable Discovery That Cuts Down the Cost of Paint Seventy-Five Per Cent A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Everyone Who Writes A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of Adams, N. Y.* has discovered a process of making a new kind of paint with- out the use of oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes in the form of a dry powder and all that is required is cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as much. Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, manufacturer, 231 North Street, Adams, Ny, Y., and he will send you a free trial package, also color card and full information showing you how you can save a good. many’ dollars. Write to-day. 8 AP BR 1B, GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 191% it Ai Ser a Se a al You tas Grow Besa Roses No matter where you live—North, East, South or West—you will find among fe our 360 varieties of : £4 : The Best Roses For America i just the best ones for your own soil and climate. Conard & Jones Roses have been selected from the best varie- ties of France, England, Ireland and America, to meet the varied climatic and soil conditions here. Every “C. & J. rose bush is guaranteed to grow and bloom.” Hardy Climbing Roses Here is a house in New England covered with ‘“‘Dorothy Perkins” Roses—the are 7 pink variety of this class of hardy climbers. It grows ro to 15 feet in a season. Conard & Jones Roses ZED OS their owe Flowers are perfectly double with petals crinkled and color Z clear shell pink. roots and are extra large and vigorous. For color, It blossoms in immense clusters that cover the bush for several weeks in the spring — just in time for ‘‘June brides’? and ‘Sweet Girl Graduates.” fragrance, growth and hardiness, they are form, bloom, dere ge) d 2 PRICES—1-year old bush, 15c postpaid. 2-year old bush, 35c postpaid. Star not surpassed. size bush, 75c postpaid. Extra large size bush, $1.00 by express. “How To Grow Roses” This is an instructive and interesting little book of 10 chapters on How and Where to Grow Ph Roses, how to select, how to prune, etc. Beautifully illustrated. Contains a delightful des- ey cription of The Most Beautiful Rose Garden in the World—located near Paris. There’s also The Rose Lover’s Calendar of Operations. The price—z1oc—for this booklet will be refunded with first $1 order, upon request. “STAR” Rose Catalog —Free— Write today for our new “Star” Rose Catalog and price list describing “The Best Roses for America.” Be sure to also send toc. for the little book “How to Grow Roses.” The Conard & Jones Company Box 24, West Grove, Pa. Over 50 years’ experience Rose Specialists bugs by timely spraying. And when you do spray, be sure to use the sort of tool that will do the work efficiently. To do the most thorough spraying in the quickest time, use amity Spray. Pumpe Twenty years of successful effort in this line are back of every Deming Sprayer. There are styles and sizes for every purpose. All are built for hard work and lasting service. Perfect workmanship, good material and simple construction make Deming Sprayers practically troubleproof. Three Deming Leaders for Home Gardeners __, Deming Nozzles Stand for Strongest Pressure “Perfect Success” Bucket Sprayer is very popular for use in small Nozzles—the “business end” of every sprayer—are made by us orchards, greenhouses and gardens. Economical, handy ©) with special care. Deming nozzles are famed for the and practical. Shown to left. 4 thorough work they do. They are the expert’s : choice. We make 9 kinds—a special nozzle “Deming Knapsack Sprayer” illustrated in for every need and purpose. centerisa great favorite with florists, truck- ers and grapegrowers. Comes in two styles. Spraying Guide Free “Universal Success” shown to right isa | \ You need it to know whenand howto spray. Cata- Sprascial fit f d | log describes and illustrated over twenty most usetul outht tor garden and home. (AY styles of sprayers. One of them willsuit you. Write : Serves a great variety of purposes. i | soon for that spraying Guide. = j Most good Dealers sell Deming Sprayers. Ask 74) : THE DEMING CO. us for Catalog and Dealer’s name to-day. Ys 2 27 Depot St. Salem, Ohio What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service THE “GARDEN MAGAZINE Frpruary, 1914 FEBRU 1914 ARY, Cover Drstcn—A Perennial Border Arthur G. Eldredge PAGE PAGE ’ THE Montu’s REMINDER Eat ea aes Fa OS" O STARTING FLOWERS IN A HotBepD - - - - John Y. Beaty 30 Photographs by W. C. McCollom B, ro) ; PURIGHED) INE BALANCE = = - - = - = = - - ~ - ‘II Tue Cost oF Ratstnc AN OrcHARD- - - John E. Taylor 34 . SPFICIENCY IN THE GARDEN, II.- - - - - Adolph Krukhm 12 FERTILIZERS FOR CARNATIONS - - - - Mrs. E. H. Plowhead 36 Photographs by the author itty AN ATTRACTIVE BACKYARD Fea Ta eR HOB A. 38 STARTING THE HorsBEpS GorInc - - - Albert E. Wilkinson 14 Photographs by the author Hiaos pyythe author An EcG-SHELL FroweR Por - - - - - - Frank Wright 40 PERGOLAS, FENCES AND GARDEN SHELTERS - - - - - - 16 : Photographs by N. R. Graves, H. E. Angell and others My IbrA OF A SEED ORDER FOR THE HOME VEGETABLE Apples IN Your Home Fruit GarpDEN- - - J.R. Mattern 18 GARDENERS ees = == > = t= Adolph Krukm, 44 Photographs by G. O. Stoddard and A. G. Eldredge Four INTERESTING OLD TREES Se ae ee EASON 48 SoME PERENNIALS EASILY GROWN FROM SEED Tue ORIENTAL SPRUCE - - - - - -,- John F. Johnston 50 Florence Spring 21 Photograpks by the author, N. R. Graves and A. G. Eldredge PRIZE WINNERS OF TOES Coon Oe OR pe Sl See, Se ay GETTING AN Earty START FOR SPRING - - W.C. McCollom 24 SEED SOWING IN THE SoutrH - - - - - Thomas J. Steed 54 Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves A Lirty Ponp Any ONE CAN Have - - - Albert L. Pashek 56 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT - - - - - - John Y. Beaty 26 Photoeciph ‘by the author 5 GARDENING FOR YouNG Forxs - - - - - Eilen Eddy Shaw 27 A Novet GARDEN Fence - - - - - -Warren H. Miller 58 Photographs by E.L. Clarke and others Photograph and plan by author cuca: Pa CoPyRiGHT, 1914, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY : Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 F. N. Dousepay, President HERBERT S. Houston, Vice-President S. A. Everitt, Treasurer RussELL DouBLepDAy, Secretary SUBSCRIPTION: lide For Foreign Postage dd 6 $1.50 a year e Ke For Canada add 35c. Single copies, 15 cts. Gregory’s “Honest Seeds” have proven dependable for more than half a century with the most critical planters throughout the country. Quality has always been our first requisite and the best only is good enough for planters of “Honest Seeds.” On our own farms, where we grow every year many acres of Beets, Carrots, Corn, Squashes, etc., the most rigid cultivation, selection * and care in seed-saving is exercised. The rigorous New England climate gives our seeds a “*& vitality and disease resistance not found in seeds grown in milder climates. With all these advantages, “Honest Seeds”? cost no more than the common kind. We are just as honest about Prices as about quality and quantity delivered. Give Gregory’s Seeds a trial in 1914. An Ideal Home-Garden Vegetable Collection, 25c Postpaid This splendid collection, properly handled will from a small space supply an abundance of crisp vegetables throughout spring and summer. Sorts selected (and illustrated alongside) are the very best in their classes. First, the lettuce bears, followed by beans. Then beets and carrots follow, while Swiss chard and tomatoes bear clear up to frost. It’s a great combination. Keeney’s New Kidney Wax Bean, large, handsome, string- less pods. Outyields “ Wardwell’s” 2 to r. Edmand’s Beet, Gregory’s strain with fine delicate roots. The leading early main crop sort. Lucullus Swiss Chard, the ideal summer spin- ach. A fine “new” vegetable. —— sh Hutchinson Carrot, Gregory’s, a heavier cropper than Danvers. May King Lettuce, none better for early outdoor culture. Chalk’s Early Jewel Tomato, the home garden sort for all. Gregory’s Beautiful and Instructive CATALOG You can get larger and more costly books, but none surpass ours in dependable des- criptions, “true to nature”’ illustrations and honest prices for ‘‘ Honest Seeds.” The cultural directions give you the benefit of 50 years’ experience in growing vegetables. The descriptions are truthful. We will not misrepresent for the sake of gaining even a temporary customer, The illustrations are from “ true-to-type ” vegetables, many of them grown by us. The farm scenes show you that we are actually ‘‘doing things.” Our prices are absolutely fair and square, showing the actual value of seeds based on an honest cost of production. Let us send you our new catalog of which we are really proud. We have enough copies for everybody. Just ask for yours on a postcard to-day. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, 902 Elm Street, Marblehead, Mass. Free The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 8—b THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1914 Rosa Spinosissima E have again succeeded in getting a stock of this rare and exquisitely lovely hardy single white Rose. With the exception of the marvelous Cher- ~ okee Rose of the South, it is the most beautiful single Rose in the world. The plant is compact and bushy, growing four to five feet high, and in June it 1s covered with large yellowish-white flowers of indescribable beauty. It should be planted in groups, and like the Rosa Rugosa, it can be used in the shrubbery. Coming from Siberia, it is abso- lutely hardy. Limited stock. Extra Strong Plants, 50 cents each, $5.00 per dozen. Good Plants, 30 cents each, $3.00 per dozen. We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS,” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars ELLIOTT NURSERY 326 Fourth Avenue PITTSBURGH, PA. Our Motto: Prices as Low as Consistent With Highest Quality | Plants that are sure to grow mean much to the planter; for he may save a year's time which is of more value than first cost of the plants. Roses. Irish stock, grown to our order by Dickson & Sons. Thousands of 2 Grd My earsplents) ini 200 asus, KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. Evergreens. Thousands of specimens in sizes from one to fifteen feet, in seventy hardy varieties. ONE MADISON AVENUE Evergreen Shrubs. Ma- ~ aS GY — honia, Mt. Laurel, best and KP : , NEW YORK hardiest Eng. Hybrid Rhodo- | Se Er : i dendrons, Catawbiense and ea ANNOUNCE Maximum in car lots. Gp," ; eee Deciduous Trees. In \ / | the first edition of their a Dee 20 Sie Rape : ik. oplar, Linden, Willow, Birch, | ~— : ; i Dogwood, Magnolia and other gail 1 | Seed and Plant Book for 1914 flowering trees. e |, &§£ Z Flowering Shrubs and ‘ ee i Flowers Exclusively Vines. We make a specialty ta. ata: 4 3 of large sizes for immediate A. ew | § This is not an ordinary catalogue but is effect in addition to usual sizes. . i &§ distinct from any other literature on the Hardy Perennials. Our pay ; : stock of old-fashioned flowers |e does ts — fF subject. The kind of book that teaches has become famous. We were successful gardening. among the first to recognize the value of this material, and have planted many gardens. Frait, Social ofcrin lage | ee ee | ONE WILL BE MAILED YOU Apple, Cherry, Pear, Grapes; ier : FREE UPON REQUEST agrand lot of Dwarf fruit trees, Did you ever see such roots? all transplanted. Catalogue, illustrated with superb photo engravings, is a cyclopedia of information to the planter. It gives sizes as well as prices and no charge is made for boxing and packing. Special prices will be quoted on large orders and car lots. ROSEDALE NURSERIES takeyrownent 4 | ; For information about live stock Write to the Readers’ Service ae en 2 The Garden Magazine BE Bin Ake, 191-4 VoLuME XIX For the purpose of reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is gener- ally taken as a stan- dard. In applying the directions to other localities allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude. HERE was once a country boy named George whose birthday fell somewhere between the 21st and 23d of February. One year his father gave him as a present, a bright new pruning saw and a pair of strong pruning shears, promising to show him how to use them later in the spring. But George had not kept his name on the mailing lists of the Department of Agriculture and the State Experiment Station for nothing, and one day he took his t-ols and a pocketful of bulletins and got busy out in the back orchard. A week later his father, look- ing over the farm, discovered five acres of finely pruned apples — no stubs, no barked branches, nice open tops, well painted wounds, and little piles of ashes where the brush had been gathered and burnt. Hastening homeward he found Georgie amusing himself by mixing to- gether copper sulphate solution and milk of lime in a big tub. ““My son,” said he, “some one has gotten ahead of me and pruned my Winesaps. Do you know who?” “Father,” said the youthful J. H. Hale, “I can not tell a lie. I did it with my little saw and shears.” “Oh, George,” was the reply, “you are a real tribute to the skill and wisdom of your father. And as a reward I shall send you to take the winter course in pomology at the State Agri- cultural College next year.” The authenticity of the fore- going may be open to question, but its logic is undeniably sound, and its lesson for the gardener and fruit grower equally valuable. Pruning is one of the basic principles of good fruit growing and late February is the time to do it. As suggested above the details to be kept in mind are: 1. Always cut close to a parent branch to avoid leaving a stub. paint or tar. branches that interfere or chafe. Early seed sowing in a flat means a distinct gain later in the season. These photographs show the correct way of making and filling a flat with drainage and loose material below the actual seed bed. Do not omit to firm the soil by means of a seed board (this is important) after the flat is filled. In covering the seed merely sift a very little fine soil through a small meshed sieve Cc NuMBER 1 9 is Sa re a Se 4 y ya rae: 2) During the month: Start all seeds for early plants to be put outdoors later. Make up hotbeds. Check up all plans for the year, and look over the catalogues again for new things offered by seedsmen 4 and nurserymen. 2. Cover cut surfaces two inches or more in diameter with 3. Study the needs of the particular variety and the individual tree and make each one a special problem with its own solution. 4. In every case remove all dead wood and one of each pair of 5. Have a reason for every cut you make. 6. Don’t stop till you are satisfied and don’t be satisfied with anything less than a thor- ough job. 7. Clean up around the trees and don’t forget to bring in your tools when you have finished. Keep on spreading manure as long as the ground stays hard. But save enough, of course, for the hotbed. If you have to buy a supply for this purpose, see that it is fresh. Then fork the pile over at intervals of several days until the entire mass steams evenly. Then it is ready to pack in the beds. Make another thorough search for decaying fruit and vegetables in the store room and bins. Decomposition will spread quickly as the weather becomes warmer and moister. Time to get out the wheel hoe and seeder, spades, forks and other tools. The last few sea- sons have made possible a sowing of peas in early March over much of the country and you don’t want to lose the opportunity if it presents itself this year. Last good chance to spray with lime sulphur and con- centrated oil sprays for scale. Aside from the rush of other work later on, the thawing ground will make the work much harder and more disagree- able later on. This is a good time to learn the scientific names of the more common plants. You will no- tice that it is only the people who don’t call varieties and 10 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1914 species by their true names that sneer at the practice. Other people find it de- cidedly useful, not to say accurate and business-like. Assuming that your seed order has been taken care of these several weeks past, make a list of plants and trees that you need for spring planting and send it off. Of the fruits, remember, the stone kinds — peach, plum, etc. —should be set in the spring; also the thin-barked and fleshy rooted types of ornamentals, such as birch, magnolia, etc., etc. Strawberries, bush fruits, tender roses and a long list of orna- mental shrubs and climbers can also be in- cluded. Save: in a good dry place all the wood ashes you can get to be worked into any new rose beds that you plan to make. Three bulbs for February planting and exquisite summer results are begonia, gloxinia, and achimenes. Start the first in flats in which a couple of inches of soil is covered with half an inch of sand. Barely cover the bulbs with sand to prevent their rotting. Gentle bottom heat will develop roots and start the leaves, when the bulbs are ready for potting. Gloxinias should be rooted in moss at a temperature of about 65 degrees. Sand may be sifted between to keep them steady. In potting these take great care not to injure the root system. Achimenes bulbs should be covered with about half an inch of soil and kept where the temperature does not fall below 60 degrees at night. Keep the soil loose and porous and when potting (when the plants are two inches high) see that there is thorough drainage. If there is no lack of shrubbery and tree growth in your neighborhood, you can afford to bring in from time to time a branch of willow, red maple, forsythia, Small seeds are best sown direct from the packet which is folded across the centre to make a chan- nel to guide the seed Japan quince, apple, or other early bloomer, place it in water to be changed every day or two, and watch it get the jump on the spring season. Is Your Seed Good ? THE way to keep these dark winter days cheerful and interesting is to keep busy. Until time to sow beans, peas, corn, etc., try testing your seed supply. Of the several simpler methods the latest makes use of the “‘rag doll” tester. To make one take a piece of canton flannel about ten inches wide and eighteen or more inches long, depending on the amount of seed you want to test. Mark off three quarter-inch squares in blocks of 100, ten each way of the cloth. Moisten it, lay a seed in each square, carefully roll the strip and tie it to prevent the seed from moving. Then stand it in a shallow pan or plate of water or wet it often enough to keep it moist. At the end of ten days or so unroll, count the seeds that have germinated and you have the percentage of vitality of the sample. The Art of February Seed Sowing Your February seed bed may be either a greenhouse bench, a hotbed, or a simple flat in one of the above mentioned places or a sunny kitchen window. In either case its preparation and treatment is the same. First, that is, at the bottom, will come a layer of drainage material, coarse gravel, cinders or broken crockery, etc., that should be from 13 inches deep in the flat to 2 or 3 in the bench. In the hotbed, of course, the manure will take the place of this material. On this spread a thin layer of moss, ex- celsior, leafmold, or anything to prevent the soil from sifting down into the drainage stratum. Next spread the soil evenly, carefully filling the corners and picking out stones, sticks and other rubbish. For all general purposes, a thorough mixture of two parts rotted sod, two parts leafmold, and one part sand will serve admirably, unless you have already prepared a compost of the right texture. This layer will be about 2 inches deep in the flat and from 4 to 6 or more in the bench and hotbed. To finish off sift about.a quarter of an inch of fine soil over the top; then firm the whole carefully with a wooden float or piece of board. Next thoroughly moisten the soil but without disturbing it. Flats can be placed in 2 or 3 inches of water until the soil be- comes soaked from underneath, or cheese- cloth can be spread on top and the water sprinkled upon it. The next step is to mark out the rows, their depth and spacing, depending upon the seeds to be sown. The most accurate method makes use of a thin strip of board just the inside length of the bed, beveled on the lower edge, with the desired depth marked by a small nail or cleat to prevent the drill being made too deep. To space the rows accurately lay down another strip. of wood as a guide, moving it along as. necessary. Scatter the seed directly from the packet, spreading it evenly in the drills by means of a pencil or skewer. Don’t be over eco- nomical for most seeds are cheap, but at the same time avoid excessive crowding which renders future transplanting difficult. Cover the seed by sifting on a little — a very little — fine sand, soil or vegetable fibre, just enough to surround them with a moist medium for germination. In the case of the larger sorts the soil can be firmed again, but very gently. Cover the flat with a sheet of glass to. prevent rapid evaporation, for the air of the dwelling is much drier than that of hotbed or conservatory and would other- wise require almost continuous watering. Protect from exceedingly bright sun- light and supply water to keep the soil moist, but be careful not to wash out seeds. or disturb the soil with a heavy stream or coarse spray. DEPTHS TO SOW SOME COMMON ANNUALS. AND PERENNIALS One-eighth imch. Annuals: Ageratum, calliopsis, giant sultan, love-in-a-mist, mourning bride, orange daisy, ostrich plume, salpiglossis. Perennials: achillea, baby’s breath, columbine, larkspur, poppy. One-quarter inch. — Annuals: alyssum, aster, candytuft, eschscholzia, phlox, por- tulaca, verbena. Perennials: blanket. flower, campion, coreopsis, hollyhock, pinks,, Stokesia, sweet William. One-half inch.— Annuals: cosmos, mari- gold, zinnia. Other depths.— Petunia, barely cover; sweet peas (if indoors at all), two to three inches. ; Large seeds are taken in the hand and sowed by dropping through the fingers. They can be evenly spaced with a little practice as are of very recent introduciton. reasonable perspective of the new claimants to his attention. NOVELTIES WEIGHED IN THE BALANCE A Review of the New Chrysanthemum {[Epitors’ Note. — The purpose of this series of reviews was definitely explained in introducing the first article (which dealt with the newer carnations and roses) in the December issue. Briefly we may state again that the purpose is to put before the reader critical appraisals of the novelties that are just about to be offered to the public, or such In these notes the object is to give the readers a No man living can predict, with absolute precision, the public’s ultimate decision on any new comer; but the opinion of expert florists and gardeners has some weight in assisting the opinion of those less expert. Hence these “reviews.” Remember also that conditions as well as treatment of soil, climate and locality have much to do with success, and nothing but an actual trial can prove how a given new plant will respond to your environment! L “st fall the chrysanthemum exhibi- tions were unusually popular. Never before have so many people visited floral displays in so many widely separated cen- ters of interest, but more particularly in New York (at the Museum of Natural History); the Art Institute, Chicago; and the flower show at Cleveland. The “Queen of Autumn” still reigns. Now, when the up-to-date grower is getting his cuttings of the newer varieties to grow for flowers next fall we may profitably look backward be- fore stepping forward. Not alone are the large flowering varie- ties enjoying a season of popularity, but the new early flowering types, particularly the more recent introductions from France, are here to give delight to flower lovers who, not having the advantage of glass had never before dreamed of enjoying chrysanthemums, can now grow them out- doors and get real “blooms.” The single varieties also are coming in for their share of recognition, and in a season such as that of last year they can be most successfully grown and flowered outdoors. In the large flowered group, perhaps the best novelty for the year 1914 will be Meu- don, Japanese reflexed, long petals, an Australian like so many other recent varie- ties. This variety, a brilliant rose-pink, is remarkable for its sturdy growth. It bids fair to eclipse all present day pink varieties. Perhaps the most spectacular Australian variety seen in America so far is William Turner, and while not a novelty (last season was its fourth year) it made a won- derful showing in every exhibition in the country. It was indeed the sensation of the Cleveland exhibition. Mrs. R. H. Boggs is another of the mon- ster type with shaggy petals hanging down and distributing themselves irregularly over the landscape, making a bloom of immense size and yet wonderfully attrac- tive. This is also from Australia, and will prove a worthy companion to Meudon. The color is white, occasionally splashed with pink. Another worthy novelty of this season’s introduction is James Fraser, a lovely re- flexed, deep canary yellow, with the petals hanging down a foot or more in length. Even among present-day monsters in chry- santhemums, this is stamped as a distinc- tive variety, the only one to be compared with it being F. S. Vallis, which was by no means a stifi-stemmed variety, whereas the newcomer certainly is. Another fine yellow to be distributed in America this year is the English variety Daily Mail. It was also awarded a gold medal at Ghent, and was seen only at Cleve- land in America. The latest candidate for honors among crimson chrysanthemums is William Vert, which seems destined to become a very popular variety in its color as it ranks high in every detail, stem, foliage and flower. This variety comes on this market with a clean record and a clear field. Of the type known as chestnut scarlet, which with chrysanthemum distributors seems to cover a multitude of —colors, if not sins— Mrs. Ernest Wild merits attention. This variety comes into full flower the first week in October and is the largest of the early flowering indoor type Indian Summer has been described as a “‘chestnut-scarlet,” but it has also bronze, amber, and terra cotta in its shadings. This variety, which is a sport of the well known Mrs. Chadwick, presents a combina- tion of striking colors and has a peculiar attraction of its own in consequence. Still another yellow aspirant for honor is Mrs. Paul Moore. It is wonderfully at- tractive with the foliage reaching right up to the flower; and the flower itself is pecu- liar in the way that the petals curve and twist at the point. Perhaps the single varieties have shown the greatest improvement in the last three years. Undoubtedly the gem of the year’s collection of novelties is R. B. Burge, which most irresistibly reminds one of a nymphea or a Japanese anemone — any- thing but a chrysanthemum at first glance. The upwardly curved rays of purest white with a brilliant gold centre make a com- bination that catches every one’seye. R.B. Burge like many of the best singles has a marked fragrance. Another single that attracted much at- tention is Phyllis Bryant, sulphur yellow, making a flower as round as a newly minted fifty-cent piece. In fact, there are some half dozen new varieties shown this year that are remarkable improvements over the previously known somewhat weedy things that were called singles some four years ago. Gladys Duckham, pure white; Stanley Van, rose pink; Celia, yellow; and Miss F. Col- lett, terra cotta; are single varieties that should be considered in making your col- lection representative. Pompons seem to run along from year to year without much change. At many of the exhibitions a variety shown in this class (and much admired) was Lilian Doty. This bas also been known as Pink Diana and some half dozen other things. It is not a really new thing and the experts tell 11 us it is not strictly speaking a pompon. This is probably true, but it is quite hardy, of small size and never fails to attract. Indeed, it has been remarked as being the most attractive flower on exhibition. A new real pompon shown this year at some of the western exhibitions is Climax, an intense orange yellow, a very, very great improvement on the old Quinola. Other very distinctive pompons are Inez, a scarlet bronze; Rita, bright pink; Beth and Doris, deep and light pink respectively. The type known as large early flower- ing, which was discussed in full in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE a year ago, has jumped into instant popularity. Many of the varieties of this type are the introductions of August Nonin, of Paris. They are dwarf and sturdy in habit, and entirely hardy. In most sections of the country they are in full flower the last week in September and give a glorious blaze of bloom all through the month of October—a treat not dreamed of a few years ago when the only kinds considered for outdoor were the old pompons; which in many cases, flowered too late. The first week in November saw the outdoor gardens in a sorry plight and even when the flowers devel- oped sooner, the early frosts killed all the foliage and there was nothing very attractive in a flower without any foliage whatever. The most luxuriant foliage of the new early flowering type gives the plant a very much better appearance in the garden; and the dwarf habit permits of its being used in any posi- tion. They can be disbudded like indoor kinds and made to produce really excellent flowers. Petite Louis and Cranford Pink are two beautiful light-pink varieties. Last fall in the Middle West an excep- tionally heavy frost the last week in Sep- tember cut down to the ground not only the early flowering kinds but also the pom- pon varieties. With such unseasonable conditions the results are discouraging but after all there are very few sections of the country where such a calamity would occur more than once in ten years. In fact in the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, these out- door types answer well. Some of the best of the newer types in the early flowering section are Madam E. David, Mrs. W. A. Hobbs, Cranford Pink, and Petite Louis, in pink; Cranford Yellow Carrie and Carmelite in yellow; Miss F. Collier, La Cgyne, and Normandie, in white; Firelight, Chaldon and L’Argen- tuillais, in crimson; Le Pactole and Border Beauty in the bronze and terra cotta types. NE day last July, a iriend asked me to call and see his backyard gar- den. Tempted and encour- aged by reading some articles on the subject, he had planned and planted, but, after all, things did not look quite right! _Hewanted a garden doctor to visit his patch; he wanted to know why bean plants looked yellowish and blossoms dropped before setting beans; why lettuce would wither before making heads; why the tomato plants looked sickly. A single glance at the garden revealed the reason for all the trouble. My first question was, “Where is your hoe?” And the answer was, ‘‘Oh, I haven’t a hoe. Do I need one?” Right then and there, I settled down to give Mr. Backyard Gardener a little talk which I repeat here. A LECTURE ON CULTIVATION To sow seeds, to watch the seedling plants come up and then to look on without helping them by hoeing, may be compared to keeping a baby in a stuffy room all day and putting it to bed night after night without shak- ing its pillows or changing its bedding. To be suc- cessful in the garden you must hoe, hoe and hoe again! The day those little seedling plants peep through the ground, then yours is the responsibility of caring for their lives! Why should we hoe? The purpose is three-fold: (1) To kill the weeds, (2) to provide a dust mulch and (3) to aérate the soil. In the first place, these weeds were originally intended to shade the ground, for na- ture dislikes bare ground. But since the weeds consume the plant food which we want to store in our vegetables, it is necessary in our economy to dispose of these interlopers so as to give the culti- vated crops a maximum chance. In disposing of the weeds, we rob the soil of its natural covering. Left bare, this soil will get hard, then crack open, and soon nothing can live in it. We gardeners therefore provide another cover by hoeing This label has seen service until the soil becomes pulverized. The dust mulch shades and covers the soil just as effectively as a crop of weeds, without doing the damage that may be traced to the latter. To keep the soil free from weeds, and to provide a dust mulch is the chief reason for hoeing; incidentally, it also gives the air a chance to penetrate the sur- face and to sweeten the soil. Hoeing is quite as much of a fine art as digging, raking, and planting. Early in the season, hoe close to the row, and hoe deeply. This will loosen the soil to a con- siderable depth and the frequent spring rains will go down deeply, to be stored for the dry summer months. Hold your hoe on a slant, the back of hoe toward the row, the edge away from the row, so that a corner always strikes the soil. By doing so, you are less apt to damage spreading roots than when the full width of the hoe strikes the soil every- time. As the season progresses, and plants begin to spread, keep farther away from the row and do not hoe quite so deep. About as good a tool as any, to be used for cultivating between the rows during the summer months, is a narrow, stout rake. It will pulverize the soil even better than a hoe, and the average backyard gar- dener may trust himself more with it than with a hoe, since the teeth of the rake cannot go as far into the soil as the blade of a hoe. The dust mulch which is created by the constant hoeing prevents the evaporation of the moisture stored in the soil. An ideal tool, with which to maintain a dust mulch with little effort, is the wheelhoe. Every backyard gardener cultivating 30 x 50 ft. of ground needs one, and in mentioning this handy implement, I cannot resist the temptation of saying a few words about TOOLS EVERY BACKYARD GARDENER NEEDS Unless backed by bushels and bushels of enthusiasm and love for the work, dig- ging, hoeing, cultivating and the various other duties of the gardener will soon ap- pear like a hardship. The right kind of tools —a tool for every purpose — will make many tedious jobs easier and will help you to keep on considering gardening a recreation, rather than hard work. For system’s sake, I am going to divide tools and gardening accessories into three classes: There are some tools that are necessary; Others that are desirable; and still others that are a luxury, but still good to have around. To “make a garden,” we need primarily three tools: A spade, a rake and a hoe. Some of my disciples assure me that a fork is handled more easily and does better work than a spade. As to that, I got tired years ago trying to straighten out bent fork prongs. When buying spade and rake, take the advice given by Aunt Mary in ‘Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch,” “Buy a good one that will last.” 12 Efficiency in Backyard Gardening, II. —By Adolph Kruhm, oi MAKING A PROPER START WITH AN OUT LINED PLAN OF RECORDS—TOOLS THAT REALLY HELP—HOW TO SOW EFFICIENTLY AND WITH JUDGMENT When it comes to a hoe, get two. Geta good sturdy one and a little narrow one as shown in illustration. This type of hoe proves especially handy early in the season, for with the two teeth on the upper side, you can straddle rows of young seed- lings, hoeing both sides at once. So much for tools that are necessary. Among the desirable tools, I would include the wheelhoe, a trowel and a gar- den line. No handier implement than the wheelhoe was ever invented, and $4.50 will buy you a whole collection of attach- ments that will make gardening a joy. There are cultivator teeth for stirring the dust mulch, weed cutters for first early cultivation (see illustration), a “firefly”’ plow for making the furrows and hilling, and discs for pulverizing lumpy soil. To get the most use out of a wheel hoe, the garden should be laid out in long rows; but about that in another chapter. A trowel will prove especially handy at the time of setting out tomatoes, peppers and eggplants as well as flowering pct plants. When you buy a trowel, be pre- pared to pay thirty cents or more. Rather than buy one of the fifteen cent kind (of which you would need three in the course of one season), I would stick to my hoe for making the holes in which to set the plants. A garden line is suggested as a desirable accessory for the reason that it is not very easy to keep rows straight if they are longer than ten feet. At the same time, rows must be straight or cultivation early in the season will prove difficult. Now as to the tools which I consider a luxury. There are Cleves angle trowel, Excelsior hand-weeder, a wheelbarrow and a hose. The angle trowel is the handiest thing made for thinning out seedlings. The Excelsior hand-weeder is excellent for stirring the soil between nar- ~ row rows of seedlings, as in hotbeds or coldframes. The wheelbarrow is almost necessary where the garden is 50 x too ft. and larger, while the hose is almost un- necessary if the natural moisture is pre- served by prompt and thorough and con- stant cultivation. Where this is not done watering is necessary, either by the port- able hose or by installing a permanent system of overhead irrigation pipes. IMPORTANCE OF PROPER TRANSPLANTING The rows in most backyard gardens re- mind me of a city tenement. In an effort to grow ‘‘loads of stuff” in small space, the industrious city gardener is apt to forget that plants — just as well as human be- ings—need a fair amount of space for proper development. Crowded rows will not and cannot yield the best specimens of the variety. The trouble starts when seeds are sown. It is very difficult to judge in the case of fine vegetable seeds, just how much seed should be sown in each row without the FEBRUARY, 1914 necessity of “thinning out” afterwards. Then, there is that peculiar tendency in human nature to look at most seeds with more or less distrust. “If five cents buys nearly 800 radish seeds, one cent’s worth more in a row matters little, and will make sure of a stand.” So argues the average backyard gardener, and that extra cent’s worth of seed in a 15-foot row either neces- Three handy tools. On the left. a surface cultiva- tor; on the right, an angle transplanting trowel sitates half an hour of tedious “‘thinning”’ or it will injure the quality of the crop of the whole row. This is not intended as an argument for sowing seeds thinly. It is of small use in- deed. I, myself, do not like to take chances of getting only one third or one half of a “stand” as the case may be. But I do plead for the half hour of “thinning out.” Take the trowel in the right hand, part the ‘“‘jungle” of seedlings with the left and take out the superfluous ones that crowd the sturdy ones. There are always in every row of all kinds of vegetable seedlings some that show from the start that they are more advanced than their companions. Bear this in mind when thinning and wherever possible, save the bigger seedlings. The proper distance to transplant seed- lings varies somewhat with the different kind of vegetables, but this general rule may be laid down (we will be more specific later when dealing with each crop): Thin out seedlings to stand as far apart in the row as the space required by the finished plant. Take for instance such root crops as beets, carrots, radishes, etc. Beets, when ready for the table, measure from 25 to 4 inches in diameter; therefore thin out beet seed- lings to stand 3 to 4 inches apart in the tow. Carrots require only 2 inches of space between the roots. Radishes should have from 2 to 6 inches according to variety, and other things in proportion. KEEPING RECORDS One maxim I would like to impress upon the mind of every backyard gardener: Dowt trust your memory! Impressions in the garden come so fast in the course of a season, that most of them become a faint memory in a short time. In the first place, after receiving your supply of seeds (which you should haveinthe house by the middle of February), get some kind of record book and enter every var- iety you propose to plant. Give each one at least three lines and, if keeping records interests you, use only the left hand pages for variety names, leaving the right hand page for additional notes, which can then be made quite comprehensive. Before beginning to enter the variety names, get the different classes of vege- _ tables together; sort out the beans, thebeets, radishes, etc. After that, divide your beans, according to descriptions, into wax- podded and green-podded sorts. Then start to enter; and treat your whole assort- ment of vegetables in like fashion. Below the variety names, rule narrow columns for records of dates, leaving the space on the right hand page for any addi- tional notes of observation. With beans, for instance, I have used this kind of ruling: Bean Frefugee Wax Two or three years of record keeping and observation will teach any backyard gar- dener, who is sufficiently interested, what sia G yaw «Dan M AG A ZI N E 13 This narrow bladed hoe, with the two teeth on the reverse, is invaluable among young seedlings may be accomplished by systematic work. Soon you will know how many days it takes from date of sowing to table size for some of those “ten day” varieties. You learn to appreciate the value of some truly pedigreed vegetables such as Bounti- ful beans, Eclipse beets, Thomas Laxton peas, etc., — vegetables that are far more dependable than some human beings. The The art of transplanting. Always remove the weaker seedlings. Those that remain will mature all the sooner 14. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Every garden of reasonable size requires the wheel hoe with changeable attachments sum total of your record, compared the following fall and winter with some seed catalogues, will give you opportunity for some mighty interesting study. So much for indoor records. There should also be some records in the garden in connection with the various rows. Secure some garden stakes or “labels” as they are called, from your local seedsman or at a hardware store. They come one foot long, one inch wide and painted. Before taking your seeds into the garden make out one label for each variety. Put on the label the name of sort and date of planting as shown in the illustration. Stick this label at the head of each row after the row is opened and before you sow your seeds. The rest of the record is to be kept in your book. Later in the season, when, for instance, a row of beans is exhausted, and you plan to put that row to turnips, the back of the label may be utilized for the name and date of planting of this succession crop. Where the same row is utilized three times in the course of a season, a second label may be pressed into service. Treated in that fashion, each row will have its history attached to it at the end of the season and the note book has the complete details. Frpruary, 1914 ———= Another type of wheel cultivator with cultivating blades, used also as weeders Starting the Hotbeds Going— By Albert E. Wilkinson, Yeu. ALL THE LITTLE DETAILS OF MANAGEMENT THAT MEAN SUCCESS IN EARLIER HANDLE THE HEATING MATERIAL—FILLING THE BEDS CROPS—HOW TO OME time between February 15th to the first of March near New York City (toward the South earlier and farther North later), the sash should be placed over the hotbed pits, in order to thaw out all ice and snow that may have collected during the winter. At the same time, secure the manure for these pits. If the pit requires eighteen inches of manure in depth and is a two-sash affair, three-quarters of a -cord of fresh horse manure will be sufficient. Manure from highly fed horses which have been bedded with straw, especially rye straw, is the best. Place this near the bed in a square pile, having a flat top. Turn the pile in two or three days. If it is then fermenting and hot throughout the pile, it may be placed in the hotbed pit. Fork into the pit six or eight inches of the man- ure. Tramp it down, especially at the corners. Place four to six inches more in the pit. Repeat the tramping and keep the manure level. Throw in another layer of manure and tramp. Repeat until all the manure is used. The top of the manure in the pit should be quite level and even from the tramping. From four to six inches of good garden soil or composted soil should now be spread over the manure, the top of the soil being level and left ready for seed planting. Place the sash over the hotbed. At first, the manure will give off a great volume of heat, some- times lasting a day or two. Keep the sash up for ventilation during the daytime. Place a thermometer in the top soil at the end of the first day. When the tempera- ture of the top soil has come down to 85 degrees, you can begin to plant lettuce, radish, spinach, beet, carrot, and turnip seed. Make a furrow in the soil by pressing the edge of a board or sharp stick into the soil. Do not make the furrow too deep, half an inch is sufficient. Lettuce, radish, spinach, beet, and turnip seed may be strewn along in this furrow sparingly, not closer than one-quarter inch. If the seed is guaranteed high in germinating power, one-half inch is close enough. Carrots may be strewn thickly, as they are gen- erally poor in germinating power. Cover the seed with soil, so that all is level. Take a flat board and press the soil down against the seed. If the soil is dry, water the same with the hose (fine nozzle) or the sprinkling can. Replace the sash. During the daytime the bed will need some ventilation. This may be given by using a small board cut stepwise and placing this board under one end of the sash. The ventilators should be placed on the side of the bed away from the direction of the wind, that is, if the wind is blowing from the south, place the ventilating stick under north end of sash. Just how much to ventilate is learned only by experience. However, there are certain facts which may help an amateur to become familiar with proper ventilating. 1. On sunny days the beds need more ventilation than on cloudy ones. 2. Never allow water to condense on the underside of the glass. This is a sign that ventilation is needed. 3. Watch the thermometers. A tempera- ture between 65 and 85 is best. If ap- proaching 85 or more, give ‘increased ventilation. If tending toward 65 or lower, give less ventilation, or close sash. 4. Don’t open too early in the morning, nor keep open too late at night. Nine A. M. to four P. M. is about right for the early spring days. However, use common- sense. If a little air is needed through a warm night, give the same. 5. On days of sunshine and clouds, where it is first one, then the other, give a medium amount of ventilation. During extremely cold nights, the beds may need some other protection than the sash, unless double glass sash is used. Straw mats, old carpets, burlap bags, and other material may be used as covering over these sash. The ends and sides of the bed should also receive attention re- garding banking with soil or manure. Water the plants lightly with a fine spray nozzle, but be thorough in your work. Watering every other day thoroughly is better than every day scantily. A ten- quart pail of luke warm water to a sash is none too much. Water in the morning only during the cold spring months. Fespruary, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 15 During May and the following months, it may be necessary to increase the amount of water, and both morning and afternoon waterings may then be given. Sunshiny days use up more water than cloudy days, so watch the soil during and follow- ing cloudy days. If moist, do not add more water. In testing the soil, thrust the fingers down deep into the soil. The plant as well as the soil will indicate dry- ness. In fact, the plant will wilt. If the soil becomes hard or crusted, it may be stirred with a fork or small hand culti- vator. This cultivation is very bene- ficial to the plant, and it is quite advis- able to cultivate every week. THINNING By the time the seeds have germinated and the small plants are grown up through the soil it will usually be found that the seedlings are too thick. If so they must be thinned as follows: lettuce, three inches apart at first; later, if heads are desired, seven to eight inches apart. Radishes one to one and a half inches apart. Spinach not at all. Beets, not until leaves are four inches tall; then thin to two inches apart. Carrots one half to three quarters inch apart. Turnips, one to two inches apart. Not all varieties of vegetables are equally well adapted to forcing and it will be worth while getting those that have been proved successful. I have had experience with the following as doing well in the hotbed early in the spring; they will also give satisfaction if grown during the fall and early winter. Beets. Eclipse, of globular shape with bright red, tender flesh; Elec- tric, globular shape, a rich red, tender flesh, small leaves; Egyp- tian, a flat shape, deep crimson color, very small leaves, perhaps the best; Egyptian (Crosby’s), round, not so flat as the foregoing, dark blood colored flesh, leaves small; Lentz, large, round, with light, red-ringed flesh, very small leaves. Carrots. Carentan, slender, cyl- indrical, half long, flesh orange red, leaves few and small; Coreless, cylindrical, half long, blunt, orange- red flesh, small leaves; Early Short Top, stump-rooted carrot, 3 inches long, flesh deep orange, leaves small; French Forcing, very small, globular, flesh orange red, leaves small; Golden Ball, round, ball-like, flesh golden orange, leaves small; Scarlet Horn, blunt, 3 to 4 inches long, flesh deep orange. Lettuce. Black-seeded Butter, medium sized head; Buttercup, yellow colored, solid, small heads; Early Simpson or Silesia, yellowish-green, loose leaf type; Emperor Forcing, loose head, yellowish- green type; Glass House, an English variety of merit; Grand Rapids, yellowish-green, loose leaf type; Hittinger’s Forcing, medium size, solid heads, yellowish-green;. Hubbard Market, yellowish green in color, large heads; Rheingold, . golden yellow color, large, solid heads; Tennis Ball (black seeded), small, solid heads; Tennis Ball (white seeded), large heads; Tom Thumb, hard, small heads. Radishes. Early Scarlet Forcing, turnip-shaped, light scarlet color; French Breakfast oval-shaped, 2 OC] CS LOWS FER Satay as ME SS scarlet color, white tipped; Hailstone,turnip-shaped, white color, foliage small; Ne Plus Ultra, turnip- shaped, deep scarlet color; Rapid Forcing, small, round, scarlet in color, with a white tip, small fol- iage; Red Forcing, round, red in color, small top, very mild; Red Rocket, oval, deep scarlet color, small top, mild; Round Dark Red, turnip-shaped, dark red in color, white flesh; White Rocket, oval- shaped, red in color, small top, mild; White Tipped Rocket, oval in shape, deep rose colored tip with If Ventilating block. Each step is ‘‘one inch of air’’ The block is used to hold up the sash on the endaway from Ventilation white at base, mild; Wood’s Early Frame, long, scarlet color, small foliage. Spinach. Bloomsdale or Savory, large, early, wrinkled leaf; Long Standing, large, thick, fleshy, dark green leaves; Thick Leaved, large, thick, bright green, crumpled leaves. Turmp. Kashmyr Scarlet, small, flat, white fleshed, scarlet topped, very mild; Purple Top Milan, flat, bright reddish purple above, white underneath, mild flavor, leaves small; Red Topped Striped Leaf, round, flat, white in color, mild; White | : " STRAW MANURE ZAP Working plan for the ideal hotbed Flat Dutch, flat, white in color, mild; White Milan, flat, white in color, mild, few leaves. If the hotbed is to be utilized as it should be throughout the season, selection of vegetables can be made from the follow- ing and plants grown during the late spring and summer: Beans (green). Bountiful, green, flat-podded, bush variety, stringless; Extra Early Stringless, round-podded, stringless bush variety; Full Measure, round-podded, bush variety, stringless; Longfellow, round-podded, stringless; Ne Plus Ultra, flat-podded, bush variety, stringless; Os- borne’s Forcing, English variety, round-podded, stringless; Red Valentine, round-podded, bush variety, stringless, said to mature in 45 days; Extra Early Refugee, round-podded, bush variety, stringless. Beans (wax). Black Wax, round-podded, bush variety, stringless; Brittle Wax, flat-podded, stringless bush; Golden Wax, flat-podded, bush variety, stringless; Wardwell’s Kidney Wax, flat- podded, stringless bush variety. Beets and carrots same as above. Cabbage. Baseball, small, round heads; Char- leston Wakefield, broadly conical; Early Jersey Wakefield, conical; Early Market, flat head type; Early Winningstadt, pyramidal; Early York, small, round, an English type. Cauliflower. Burpee’s Best Early, small to medium head; Extra Early Dwarf Erfurt, short compact growth, medium sized; Extra Early Paris, small heads, very early; Snowball, medium sized head. Celery. Golden Rose, pink stalk, self-blanching type; Golden Self-blanching, yellowish stalk, fine quality; White Bloom, white stalk, good quality. Corn (sweet). Catawba, white and early; Golden Bantam, yellow, eight-rowed; Goldenrod, yellow, eight-rowed; Metropolitan, white; White Cob Cory, white. Cucumbers. Davis Perfect, long fruit, 10 to 12 inches; Early Frame, medium sized; Extra Early Green Prolific, small, 4 to 5 inches long; Ford- hook, 10 to 14 inches long; Telegraph, smooth, 14 to 16 inches long; Vickery’s Forcing, medium length, 6 to 8 inches; White Spine, green, white toward tip, about 6 inches long. Eggplant. Black Beauty, oval, purple-black; Early Long Purple, globe-shaped, dark purple fruits, firm flesh; Improved New York Spineless, oval, dark purple fruit. Lettuce. Those mentioned above and Big Bos- ton, greenish-yellow color, large head; Cos, Ex- press, self-folding inner leaves; Cos, Trianon, large, upright growth, greenish leaves; Deacon, yellowish in color, large head; May King, golden yellow, large head. Melons, green fleshed. Early Hackensack, round, flattened ends; Jenny Lind, round, flattened ends; Netted Gem, round, finely netted; Newport, round, dull green, rich golden color when ripe. Salmon-fleshed. Emerald Gem, small, dark green, light striped mel- on, smooth skin; Osage, medium, oval in shape, netted; Paul Rose, cross between Emerald Gem and Osage, oval, netted. Wee SS —= FAAS SAS Oracais Okra. Dwarf Prolific, of stocky x6 B growth, pods small. A Onions. Adriatic Barletta, small, AN with silver skin, very mild; Bermu- rN da, flat, small in size, white, mild; S) White Bunch, medium, white, very ie mild, excellent as a rare ripe. Seis. Potato Red, from Red Weth- ersfield; White, from White Portu- gal; Yellow, from Yellow Danvers. Radishes and spinach same as above. Squash. Vegetable Marrow Bush, elliptical in shape; White Bush, flattened and scalloped edges; Yel- low Bush Crookneck, globe-shaped, with a crooked neck. Tomatoes. Acme, fruit medium, purplish-pink in color and smooth; Chalk’s Jewel, large in size, brilliant scarlet, smooth; Earliana, large, red with a yellow tinge, more or less irregular; June Pink, large, purplish pink, smooth; Stirling Castle, medium sized, bright red, an English variety. Turnips same as above. It will be necessary to purchase in most cases only a package of seed of each of the varieties selected. The amount depends upon the number of hotbeds and the space given over to growing each vegetable. EL ; Fe) ey | rae Dimensions of a suit- One of the simplest forms of garden fence when a screen is desired. The lattice able pergola columnin = fjling may be made of common lath, merely stained. These may be dipped in wood for a span of Sik — ne of the regular shingle stains | feet between centres of | ¥; , columns. The columns | An old-time summer-house at the end of a gar- may well be six feet Some Pergolas, Fe nces | den walk. Some such shelter was a feature of prac- apart in the row tically every garden of long ago A FEW OF THE MANY WAYS IN WHICH SIMPLE | STUCCO MAY BE INTRODUCED INTO THE GARDEN There are perhaps too many architectural features here to secure the best effect. One or Fe j aa two arbors at the end or middle of the main path : A modern pergola of creosoted rafters supported would be sufficient to give the garden a well- : : : : by stucco columns on a brick walk. Vines and dressed appearance 4 climbing roses cover it Effective treatment of a brick wall. The wood lattice on the face of the wall is three-quarters by two A small but effective arbor to mark the garden steps. inches, the superstructure made up of one-inch square wood —a design such as the Japanese make 16 Octagonal shelter of squared concrete piers with creosoted woodwork above. Satisfactory propor- tions for a pergola of The location at the edge of a woods would have given a good opportunity for stucco columns sur- white piers and woodwork mounted by unfinished cedar poles. The col- and Garden Shelters umns are six feet Another of the old fashioned arbors used to mark t t the beginni f th. The doubl d ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF WOOD, BRICK AND SS EACLE Se eat a a a Ue RO a SCHEME AND GIVE IT SOME STAMP OF INDIVIDUALITY The central architectural feature of a rose gar- den that will be decidedly more attractive when the climbing roses have secured a hold upon the framework. The avoidance of curved lines would greatly reduce the expense A pergola of 4-inch square posts surmounted by heavy wooden superstructure. The brackets make this type a rather expensive one An extremely satisfactory arrangement of 13-inch Stucco columns may be built by fastening a circular frame of metal lath about a central support and square brick piers supporting roughly adzed beams. applying the stucco directly to this —_ + Apples in Your Home Fruit Garden Pennsyl- vania By J. R. Mattern, WHERE SUPERB QUALITY IS THE SOLE MEASURE OF MERIT — SOME- THING QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE COMMERCIAL ORCHARDISTS, IDEALS Epiror’s Note.— Last month the general requirements of the home garden were considered. The apple, as the universal fruit is now taken up to be followed by similar treatment of the other fruits. OD never made any fruit finer than apples—when the right varieties are in the right places. In a home garden about half the total quantity of fruit produced should be apples, because apples are a universal need. They do not cloy our appetites, they keep well in any manner of storage, and they may be eaten raw or cooked. Apples have a high food value, too—a food value equal to that of potatoes. In very small gardens the proportion of as many apples as all other fruits put to- gether can not be maintained to advantage because with bush and plant fruits more can be produced on the limited areas available. Apples should form a larger proportion of the total fruit grown in a Northern garden than in a Southern garden because apples are among the hardiest of fruits. ‘‘Half the garden in apples” is a tule that should be the starting point for all garden plans, and it should be modified only by necessities of climate, fruit re- quirements, and other unalterable con- ditions. With the size of the garden settled, it is an easy matter to determine how many trees you have room for. Set the standard trees fifteen to eighteen feet apart each way, and dwarf apple trees eight to twelve feet apart each .way. These distances are much less than usually demanded, but I take it that in your garden the aim is to get fruit, as much as possibile, as soon as possible, and of as high quality as possible, and not to develop beautifully formed trees. This close planting for many years should give you the fruit as you want it. It is necessary for best results later, how- ever, to arrange the different varieties so that some of the trees will be what are called “fillers,” between “per. manent,” trees. Wines alse” trees may be cut or dug out at the end of ten to fif- teen years, when they begin to crowd the other trees. But be- fore that time they likely will ‘bear hundreds of bushels of fruit. On the selec- tion of the right kinds of apples for your garden depends a large part of the yields and most of the satisfaction you Banana, adapted for heavy soil from New Brunswick to Virginia. 18 get from your trees. Though important, proper selection is a comparatively simple matter when once you understand the classes into which apple varieties naturally fall, and the principles which underlie their requirements. In a nutshell, the differ- ences between the adaptations of varieties are due to the fact that any variety reaches its greatest perfection under conditions similar to those in which it originated, and changes of climate act in peculiar ways to effect fruit varieties. Elsewhere their suc- cess varies and they may fail entirely. The features comprised within the term “conditions” were analyzed and explained at length in last month’s GARDEN Maca- ZINE. The varieties chosen should be at home in your particular kind of soil, they should be acclimated at your altitude, and should be suited to your latitude. You must bear in mind that each five hundred feet increase or decrease in elevation above Cox Orange, a highly flavored dessert apple, thriving on light soil from New York to Virginia A large apple, medium flavor sea level is equal in effect to about sixty- six miles north or south, and you must remember the influences of nearby bodies. of water and the effects of air-drainage. The varieties planted should suit your purposes and needs in ripening season, in character of fruit, in bearing habits, in growth of tree, and should conform to your personal likes and dislikes. These features usually are neglected from the practical standpoint, and over-emphasized from the sentimental one. Before you try to choose kinds adapted to your location, make up your mind about the items of ripening season, and size and color and flavor of fruit that you must have. Change this choice only to include certain standard varieties which are too valuable to miss, such, for instance, as Grimes Golden and Stayman. After you have decided on these points, you are ready to narrow your list to those half dozen or less kinds which em- body your requirements and which are known to succeed preéminently under the conditions of your garden. Remember that only those kinds which do their very best in your location are fit for you to plant. There are all of a thousand varieties of apples, but a comparatively few of them are of such all round excellence as to be far in the lead of the others. Unless you want to experiment for the good of civilization, your garden should be planted with a scant half dozen of the forty varieties described in the table herewith. These forty sorts are the cream of all apples for home gar- dens, north or south or anywhere. If you miss from the list the name of some old love that used to grow “back home,” shed no tears over its loss, because among the forty you will find one or more kinds with added points of excel- lence. The list does not omit any of high merit. The table gives the facts that are needed for a wise selection, includ- ing the latitude and altitude adaptabilities of each sort, the ripening time, the color, flavor and size of fruit, the use for which each sort is best suited, and the age at which it usually begins to bear. Mine = WaReS “Belts of Clim- Fespruary, 1914 ERG ALR DEAN MAGAZINE 19 ate”? mentioned in the table comprise the following territory: The Northern Belt should include all the New England states and Eastern Canada, Northern New York, Michigan, Minnesota, etc. The Middle Belt should include South- ern New York, Northern New Jersey, Pennsyl- vania, Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tenn- essee, West Vir- muna, .etcs,. he Southern Belt should include Southern New Jersey, Dela- ware, Virginia, and states to the south. You will note that in the table the varieties for each climatic belt are divided, ac- cording to their ripening season, into six groups. Use ofthe table becomes extremely easy and effective if you choose from each of these groups for your belt one variety or more, as you wish, and get one or more trees of each variety selected, until you have the number of trees you require. This should give you apples of the type you prefer from June until June comes again. Whether you should plant dwarf or stand- ard trees depends on the size of your garden and on how well you will care for your little orchard. Standard trees at five to eight years old are as big as dwarf trees ever get, while ten to fifteen year- old standard trees of most var- ieties will occupy more than eigh- teen feet square of space each. Dwarf trees, while seldom get- ting larger than eight to ten feet io diameter through the heads, require twice as much pruning as standards, and this pruning must be done just right and at the proper time or your dwarf trees will be failures. The question is one for you to decide, on these two features. The quantity and quality of fruit produced will be about Tolman Sweet for the Middle Climatic Belt. the same with either dwarf or standard trees except that the dwarfs probably will bear more during the first five years. In any case big, healthy, one-year old trees nearly always are best to plant. They Northern Spy, one of the most popular of all apples in the Northern Climatic Belt. brisk, subacid flavor begin to produce just as soon as older trees, and then you have the opportunity with one-year trees to shape the heads just as you want them to be. Buy direct from responsible growers of trees, either by per- sonal visit to the nurseries or by mail. At least two varieties are necessary on account of the need of cross-pollination; and trees and suitable for any situation of the different sorts should stand no more than a hundred and fifty feet apart. In your garden arrange your trees with reference to convenience and to economy of space. Set the “fillers” where you want gaps to be when the time comes to thin your orchard, and don’t overlook the A good all round apple that does well on any soil. Sweet flavor fact that you want to grow berries or vegetables between the trees. You cannot find a better place than under the trees for the gooseberries. The north side of the garden usually is better for trees because there they will not shade smaller fruit set to the south. Prepare your garden ground by very deep plowing or spading, and by dynamiting. The ground should be dynamited by using a quarter of a pound placed two to four feet deep where each tree is to stand, at least, and it will pay you well to dynamite the entire garden in the same manner. When you plant, see that all brok- en roots of the trees are trimmed of smoothly, with a slanting cut face down. The roots then should be dipped in mud. Application of the usual methods of spray- ing trees practiced by orchardists will prevent and overcome all disease and insect troubles. These methods may be used as well in the garden as in the orchard, if you start the work, as is done in successful orchards, as soon as the trees are planted. The usual methods of pruning, culti- vating and feed- ing trees will make your trees surely and faith- fully yield you heavy crops of flawless fruit, and a fruit garden in which you may have unbounded profit and satis, faction and pride. hie prime needs of trees, especially of baby trees, are unres- tricted rootspace, sufficient water and plentiful plant food. Root space can’t be provided merely by setting a tree off some distance from other trees, and there are better ways of supplying water and food than with a hose and with fertilizer. Trees starve in “tight” ground. It is the physical and the chemical conditions of the: soil that must be managed. Grows well on clay. Has a 20 The idea is to have a reserve store of plant food and a reservoir for water close beneath and about each tree. Then, in the spring, if you have made your garden or orchard ground fine and loose’ enough to a depth of three feet, and if you take the right care of the surface, the earth will store enough water to last all summer long. Under such conditions of tilth helpful bacteria can be depended upon to trans- THE GAR D:E N MAGAZINE form the insoluble plant food into forms that can be taken up by roots. This un- developed or latent plant food composes a goodly portion of nearly all “dirt.” The best way to secure the necessary fineness or looseness is to explode light charges of dynamite two to four feet under- ground. Do this where each tree is to stand, at least, and if possible over the en- tire area. One fourth of a pound placed in FEBRUARY, 1914 a crowbar or auger hole three feet down, and this repeated every six feet, is the right amount of blasting for medium clay-loam soils. So place and size the explosive that the surface merely is heaved slightly. Blast only when the ground is reasonably dry. Blowing out of charges and blasting wet soil both are harmful. Proper blasting will loosen and fine your ground deeply as no other cultivation can. eee eee SSSSSSSSSSs__Esssjqjq VARIETY Southern Climatic Belt Yellow Transparent Starr Dutchess Banks Gravenstein Grimes Golden Giant Jeniton Yellow Newtown Stayman Winesap Middle Climatic Belt Early Strawberry Liveland Raspberry Yellow Transparent Summer Rambo Benoni Chenango Dutchess Sweet Bough Starr Primate Am. Summer Pearmain Gravenstein Banks Grimes Golden Maiden’s Blush Rambo Cox Orange Melon King David Wealthy Banana Giant Jeniton Jonathan Mason’s Orange McIntosh Red Ortley Senator Spitzenburg Tolman Sweet White Winter Pearmain Peck’s Pleasant Sutton Yellow Newtown Delicious Lady ade Sweet Stayman Wagener Northern Climatic Belt Liveland Raspberry Yellow Transparent Early Strawberry Starr Benoni Dutchess Primate Summer Rambo Am. Summer Pearmain Gravenstein Giant Jeniton Jonathan King Mcintosh Senator Spitzenburg Tolman Sweet Wismer Dessert Peck’s Pleasant Blue Pearmain Delicious Northern Spy Stayman Wagener STATES ADAPTED Maryland-North Carolina Maryland-Georgia s Br Jersey- -Georgia New York-Virginia All Vermont-Virginia Vermont-Virginia Connecticut-Georgia Vermont-Maryland Virginia Delaware-Maryland New Brunswick-Missouri New Brunswick-Georgia Maryland-Missouri New York-Virginia Maine-Mississippi Maryland-Mississippi New York-Virginia Vermont-Virginia New Brunswick-Georgia Connecticut-Virginia New Jersey-Virginia E einsylvania Georsiy Vermont-Maryland New Brunswick-Virginia Maine-Maryland North Vermont-Georgia Vermont-Georgia Connecticut-Georgia Vermont-Pennsylvania New Brunswick-Maryland New York-Virginia New Brunswick-Penn. New Brunswick-North C. New Brunswick-Georgia New Brunswick-Virginia Maryland-Missouri New York-Virginia New Brunswick-Kansas New Brunswick-Penn. New York-Virginia New Brunswick- Virginia New York-Virginia New Brunswick-Penn. Pennsylvania-Virginia New York- Maryland New York-Maryland New York-Virginia New Brunswick-Missouri New Brunswick-Virginia New Brunswick-Virginia “Maine-Missouri New Brunswick-Penn. Vermont-Virginia New Brunswick-Georgia New York-Virginia New York-Virginia New Jersey-Virginia All Maine-Maryland Connecticut-Virginia North Vermont-Virginia Vermont-Virginia Connecticut-Georgia New Brunswick-Penn. New York-Maryland New Brunswick-Georgia New Brunswick-Virginia New Brunswick-New York Maryland-Missouri New York-Virginia Maine-Pennsylvania New Brunswick-Penn. New Brunswick-Virginia New York-Virginia New Brunswick-Penn. North New York-Maryland Maine-Colorado New Brunswick-Missouri New Brunswick-Penn. Maine-Missouri New Brunswick-Penn. APPLE VARIFTIES FOR HOME FRUIT GARDENS AGE AT eee | WHEN RIPE ees COLOR SIZE FLAVOR ae som, ee a ae é (years) 200 4 weeks Green Medium | Sub acid Cook Light | Big 6 100-900 inne 5 weeks Red Small art Cook;raw. | Light | Medium-up 4 I00-g00 3 weeks Dark—red Large Mild Raw Sandy | Small 6 I0-5000 6 weeks Yellow Small Sub acid Any All Large erect ZB 200-3000 t AG 5 weeks Yellow Large Sub acid Cook; raw | Clay on 10-5000 8: 6 weeks Yellow-red Medium art Cook nT Small 2 30-2500 8 weeks Red Large Sub acid | Raw; cook} Any | Spreading 7 30-2500 Aug. 8 weeks Yellow—red Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Any preading 7 30-5000 Oct. 16 weeks Yel ow Medium | Sub acia Raw Small 4 30-1200 6 weeks | Blush Medium | Sub acid Any Clay | Smail 3 500-2000 16 weeks Dark red Large Mild Any Loam 10-400 Sept. 6 months | Dark red Large Mild Any Sand | Big 8 50-3000 Jan. 4months | Very dark red Medium | Tart Cook Clay Small 2 20-5000 4months | Yellow—red Medium | Sub acid Cook * | Medium 5 200-1500 Oct.-Mar. 5 months | Green—red Large oor Cook Clay Small 8 20-1500 8 months | Green—yellow Large Best Any Ciay | Medium 12 20-5000 Oct.-June 6 months } Dull red Large Sub acid Any Big 3 20-5000 5 months | Bnght red Large Sub acid Any Loam } Big 5 I0-I1000 3 weeks Yeliow—red Medium | Sub acid Any Sand | Big 8 I0-3000 July 4 weeks White-red Large Sub acid | Any I0-5000 6 weeks Yellow Small Sub acid Any All Big 2 50-1500 8 weeks Yellow—red Large Sub acid Raw Sand | Big I0-I000 7 weeks Yellow—red Small Sub acid Raw Clay Small 8 50-1500 5 weeks Red-yellow Medium Sub acid Raw Clay | Medium 6 IC-5000 8 weeks Yellow—red Medium | Sub acid Cook All Small 2 20-2500 3 weeks Green—yellow Large Sweet Cook; raw | Clay | Big 7 500-5000 8 weeks Bluske Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Heavy 5 100-3000 8 weeks Green-red Medium Sub acid Raw Clay | Small 3 40-2000 8 weeks Green —yellow Medium Mild Raw Clay | Medium 8 30-2500 Sept. 8 weeks Yellow—red Large Sub acid Cook Any Spreading 7 30-2500 Oct. 8 weeks Red Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Any Spreading 7 30-5000 16 weeks Yellow Medium |} Sub acid Raw Any Small 4 500-2000 6 weeks Blushed Medium | Tart Cook Heavy | Big 7 1000-4000 4months | Greer—red Medium | Subacid Raw Clay | Small 8 40-500 Oct. s months | Yellow—red Medium Mild Raw and 500-3000 Jan. 4months | Green—red Large Sub acid Raw Clay | Medium 4 50-3000 3 months | Dark red Medium art Cook Clay Small 2 20-5000 4months | Yellow—red Medium | Subacid Cook Medium 5 30-3000 5 months | White—blush Large ild Raw Heavy} Large 5 200-1500 5 months | Green-red Large Poor Cook Clay | Large 8 20-4000 Now 5 months | Dark—red Medium | Sub acid Raw Any Medium 4 500-5000 Feb 6 months | Yellow—blush Medium | Sub acid Raw; cook | Loam |} Small 5 50-3900 : 6 months | Dark red Medium Sub acid Raw; cook | Any Medium 4 20-500 4months | Yellow Medium | Sub acid Cook; raw | Clay | Small 6 50-4000 s months | Red Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Heavy] Big 4 300-2500 7 months | Dark red Medium | Sub acid w Clay | Small 8 40-3000 Nov. 4months | Yellow Medium Sweet Raw; cook | Any Big 7 2500-5000 M 8 months | Green—blush Medium Mild Raw-cook | Clay | Medium te) 800-2000 at 5 months | Green Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Clay | Small 6 20-1500 5 months | Yellow—red Medium | Sub acid Raw; cook | Light | Medium 7 20-1500 8 months | Green—yellow Large Sub acid Raw best | Clay | Medium 12 20-5000 8 months | Re Large Sub acid Finest Heavy | Big 4 10-1500 Nov. 6 months | Yellow-blush Small Subacid | Raw : 12 I0-1500 une 6 months | Red Small Sweet Raw Sandy | Medium 12 I0-4000 8 months | Red Large Sub acid Raw ny Medium 3 10-3000 5 months | Blushed Medium | Sub acid Raw Heavy | Small 3 I0-3000 4 weeks White-red Large Sub acid Any i I0-5000 July 6 weeks Yellow mall Sub acid Any Big 2 I0-I1000 3 weeks Yellow—red Medium Sub acid Any Sandy | Big 8 200-3000 5 weeks Yellow Large Sub acid Raw Clay 5 19-1000 Aue 7 weeks Yellow—red mall Sub acid Raw Clay | Small 8 10-5000 us 8 weeks Yellow—red Medium Sub acid Cook Small 2 100-3000 8 weeks Green—red Medium Sub acid Raw Clay | Small 3 50-1500 8 weeks Yellow—red Large Sub acid Raw Sandy | Big | 40-2000 Sept 8 weeks Green—yellow Medium | Mild | Raw Clay | Medium 8 30-2500 Oct 8 weeks Yellow—red Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Any Spreading 7 30-2500 8 weeks Red Large Sub acid Raw; cook | Any Spreading 7 30-5000 ) 16 weeks Yellow Medium | Sub acid aw All Small 4 500-3000 Nov 4 months | Green—red Large Sub acid Raw Clay | Medium 4 20-1500 Jan 5 months | Yellow-red Medium Sub acid Raw; cook | Light | Medium 7 20-5000 4months | Yellow—red Medium | Sub acid 00) Medium 5 30-3000 5 months | White—blush Large ild Raw Heavy| Large 5 50-2000 5 months | Red—yellow - Medium Sub acid Raw Heavy} Small 5 200-1500 Green-red Large Poor Cook Heavy| Large 5 20-4000 5 months | Dark red Medium Sub acid Any Any Medium 4 500-3000 § months | Red Large Sub acid Raw Loam | Small 5 50-3000 Nov. 6 months | Dark red Medium | Sub acid Raw Any Medium 4 50-4000 Mar. 5 months | Red Large Sub acid Raw. Heavy} Big 4 300-1500 7 months | Dark red Medium Sub acid Raw Clay Small 8 40-3000 4months | Yellow Medium Sweet Raw; cook | Any Big 7 50-1800 6 months } Yellow—red Medium | Sub acid aw Heavy} Big | 7 800-2000 5 months | Green arge Sub acid Raw; cook | Clay | Medium 6 1000-5000 5 months | Yellow-dark red} Large Sub acid aw Clay | Medium 8 20-5000 8 months | Red arge Sub acid Raw Heavy] Big 4 500-3000 Nov 6 months | Yellow—red Large Sub acid Raw Clay Big | Io 10-4000 June 8 months | Red Large Sub acid Raw y Medium 3 10-4000 5 months |} Yellow—blush Medium Sub acid Raw Heavy} Small 3 -“— WONDER if I can make you realize how easy it is to raise so many of the most glorious perennials from seed. It takes more time and forethought than buying plants, of course, but if one gets into the way of planting in two year instead of one year periods, that need be no obstacle. A very interesting and also inexpensive way of adding to one’s perennials, is by gathering a few seeds as one strolls through a friend’s garden. Almost always, among each person’s floral treasures, are a few things — possibly only one or two — which do especially well. Bega few of the ripened seeds, and get a particularly choice and vig- orous strain. Of course the early ripened seeds are, in perennials, Nature’s indication of the proper time to plant. Therefore, drop your newly acquired possessions into the seedbed at once; the little plants will get started well enoughto makegood growth, and be all ready for transplanting in the spring. But our present condition is a different matter. It is seed sowing time, and there is abundant opportunity now to accomplish much this year even. Some _ people prefer to start the seeds in the early spring and there are many kinds that will bloom the first season if they are handled well. Iceland poppies, delphinium, Marguerite carnations, Shasta daisy and many other perennials are among the quick bloomers. Others occupy the first year in making growth, and we must usually wait until the second for blossoms. Ifone wishes to try for bloom the first season, plant seeds in boxes in the house now. Take shallow “flats,” fill as for the outdoor planting with drainage and sifted earth. It is well to bake the earth thoroughly just before plant- ing the seeds. This disposes of the tremendous crop of weeds which otherwise appear as by magic even before the choice seeds start. Plant sparsely in rows, ‘‘firming”’ the earth after planting. Put some panes of glass over the tops of the boxes, and if in a hurry, set them behind the kitchen stove for three or four days. It is marvelous how soon the tiny plants appear, with such forcing. Beware, however, of forgetting them! Tonce raised a pot of lettuce plants in this way, forgot to inspect them at the critical time, and in less than a week I had to dig up and throw away my first crop, which had grown so fast and far that the little plants had hit their heads The rose pyrethrum Some Perennials Easily Grown from Seed By Florence Spring, Suc THE SECRET OF HAVING PLENTY OF FLOWERS IN THE HARDY BORDER, WITH A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR STARTING INDOORS against the glass, and were too “spindly” to use! After the seeds sprout, remove the glass and put in a sunny window: water with a rubber bulb sprayer; thin out when nec- essary, or transplant into other flats, an inch or two apart; transplant into the garden at the proper time. All transplanting should, however, be done very carefully. Transplanting is a shock at best, but it makes all the difference in the world to the wellbeing of the little seedling if it be done well or ill. Do the transplanting, always, in the late afternoon, or on a cloudy day; handle carefully and water well; and always shade the little plants in some way, during the first few days of sun. We use flower pots, shingles, little sprigs of leaves, or if the plants happen to be in rows, two boards, resting on the earth each side of the row, and slanting to meet at the top. I have dwelt upon this point, as it is of the greatest importance. After one has raised a flourishing little crop of choice varieties, it is discouraging enough to see them dwindle and grow sickly and perhaps finally die, from being improperly transplanted and _ protected. If one, however, is starting many new varieties of plants, more if Columbines in a variety of colors are useful in mixed plantings 21 orthodox and_ regular methods must be adopted. I think the best way is to start in flats in the open air, giving one flat to each variety. These little flats are easily moved and cared for, are economical of space, and the work of weeding, transplanting, and watering not as backbreaking as when they are planted in the regu- lar seedbed. Put the flats in a partially shaded place, put in some drainage, and then nearly fill with sifted earth. Sow the seed broadcast, cover with a little more sifted earth —the depth according to size of seeds—and then “firm” the surface with a piece of board. Cover the boxes with mosquito netting, which assists in protecting from the sun and too great heat. Water through the netting, and do not remove it until the little plants are well started. Then transplant into rows in the seed bed, and in the late fall or the next spring, into permanent position. I think it is better to locate the seedbed in a par- tially shady place if possible. If not, set stakes about a foot high at intervals, and cover during the hottest part of the day with a large piece of mosquito netting. If the seeds are planted in late July or early August they should be large enough to be transplanted into permanent position, if wished, by the middle of September. Then if the season is a fairly late one, they should have enough growing weather before . the hard frosts to become fairly well es- tablished. There is always the question as to Chrysanthemum coccineum ~,. Whether fall or spring transplanting is best, 4, and there is something to be said on each _ side. If in the fall, they are all ready to start growing in the spring with no inter- ruption; however, one does not always know, in the autumn, where is the best situation for the new seedlings. Then, too, every ' winter some things die and leave spaces to be filled, and invariably, in the spring, some little, or great, changes are made in the garden scheme. We have adopted the plan of doing a little at each season, which after all seems to us most satisfactory. Yet with all my seed sowing I do not neglect to avail myself of the little plants of Nature’s sowing. Almost all the perennials sow themselves, sometimes in thick carpets under the parent plant, and sometimes in separate individuals, which appear as if by chance, in the most unlikely spots. Our strawberry bed is a favorite settlement for vagrants, and Loften increase my own stock, and help fill perennial beds started by friends and neighbors, with little plants of 22 various kinds, which I find growing lustily among the strawberry leaves in fall or spring. These separate plants, which have sown themselves, seem for some reason or other, to be particularly strong and thrifty, and therefore are of great value. I have noticed this also in annuals. FAVORITES FOR A SMALL GARDEN I fancy there would be as many lists as there are garden lovers! I can but name those that I have found most satisfactory, and which I can assure you will make a good succession, and are all easily raised from seed. Let us start with a spring border. I think the most graceful and charming of the early flowers is the Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule). There is something particularly ethereal and enchanting in the long slender stems tipped with the lovely flower cup, in every shade of yellow and red, and pure white. To my mind its chief charm is its early blooming time, so do not try for late flowers the first season, but plant in summer for the next year. The gorgeous and riotous annual poppies take possession of the stage in midsummer, therefore let the more delicate Iceland poppy be peculiarly a spring flower. Trans- plant a row of them along the edge of one of your conspicuous beds; in front of them perennial candytuft, which looks like a drift of late snow; next Viola cucullata, blue as the sky! A more enchanting spring border can hardly be imagined. Pyrethrum is another early blooming perennial very easily raised from seed. I should never omit it from even the smallest garden. The blossoms are in every en- chanting shade of pink, from the faintest blush to the deepest crimson, and the pure whites are equally lovely. Once started, one will have plenty of seedlings, for they are always appearing, not only near the parent plant, but in every odd corner, and some very lovely “‘sports” are sometimes developed. I have learned, however, to scrutinize the tiny seedlings with a lynx eye, after one year setting out a row with great care, in a conspicuous place, and watering and cultivating dili- gently — to be finally rewarded with a fine show of remarkably flourishing yarrow plants! One of the chief favorites, and I think one of the most useful plants in my, or any, garden, is the columbine, easily raised from seed originally, and multiplying itself con- stantly by new seedlings which appear all about the garden, it requires very little care and gives a profusion of lovely flowers in late May and June. [I find it better to raise new plants every two or three years. The long-spurred type is particular- ly lovely. The blossoms- are graceful and delicate, and of the most enchanting colors — light yellows, pinks, and blues. The graceful flowers look like rare birds or butterflies, lightly poised on the slender stems. Rocket is another invaluable early per- THE GA RD EN MANGA Nea, ennial, and is lovely growing with — or arranged with—the columbine. A part of my garden is in the partial shade of two apple trees. Under these trees we must plan to grow spring flowers which will mature and blossom before the leaves on the apple trees are too fully grown. I find the rockets grow beautifully in this situation, and their loose, starry sprays of lavender, pink, or white flowers are lovely against the green. I grow columbine among them too; and my dearly loved Viola Canadensis, which loves the shade and fils in every nook and corner. It blossoms luxuriantly in May and more No garden can afford to omit the stately blue lark- spur. Plant in masses for best effect sparsely all through the summer and fall; I have picked sprays of it in November. Both the rockets and these violets are very easily raised and reseed themselves. Canterbury bells are invaluable in the garden, and are one of our most showy and invaluable June flowers. The foxglove blooms about the same time, and makes a wonderful show in the border, or in clumps in the regular beds. We have great diffi- culty in raising both foxgloves and Canter- bury bells in our garden, which has a tendency to become a lake in the early FEBRUARY, 1914 spring. The crowns of both plants rot from too much moisture, and we can seldom save them through the winter. With no protection they freeze, and with too much covering they decay. For the benefit of those who struggle with the same con- ditions, I would say that we find pine boughs a good cover, and that an experi- ment with a butter tub over one fine plant, one year, was so successful that last winter my garden border was dotted with wooden boxes, each box concealing a plant. No garden, of whatever size, is complete without the larkspur (Delphinium). This has been constantly and wonderfully im- proved, and its tall stately spires of magnifi- cent bloom are beautiful beyond words. There are wonderful pale blues like tur- quoises, and bright blues like sapphires, and deep blues like summer skies, and deep purple blues like Florentine irises. Then there is a shaded pink and blue, which gives a peculiar rainbow-like color. Gather seed from particularly fine flowers, and plant by preference in August, but do not omit from the spring planting on that account. Protect with a light litter through the winter. They may be set in their permanent positions in the fall, if they make good growth. Sift coal ashes over both them and pyrethrums in the autumn, and also in the spring to protect from grubs. They are more effective set in groups, so that the blooms are massed. They should be staked before getting very tall, or a high wind will catch you napping, and the tender stems will snap. The Chinese or Siberian larkspur is a beautiful form. It has a bushy habit of growth, very different from the tall magnifi- cent spikes of the other kinds. Its greatest height is two or three feet. It has delicate feathery foliage and the blossom sprays are loose and spreading, the whole plant being a cloud of lovely bloom. They do well in the shade of my apple trees, although blooming more sparsely and delicately, and are even more valuable because they may fill some shady spot. They are very easily raised from seed. Marguerite carnations have always had a peculiar attraction for me. The masses of different colored blossoms are so enchant- ing, and the odor so delicious. The books say you can get flowers the first year, but I think this can only be accomplished by learning the very best way of planting and caring for the seedlings. The first year, I had a fine show of buds in late October, but in a race between buds and frosts Jack Frost won out. I did not know about covering them, and only two or three sur- vived. I found that if one wants them to bloom the first season, they must be planted in the house in flats in very early spring. If planted in the open and covered during the winter with a light stable litter, they are magnificent the second year, flowering most iuxuriantly. They have a delicious clove fragrance. Perhaps their greatest value in the garden is their long blooming season. Keep the old flowers FeBbRuUARY, 1914 ante Gel ho DEIN > MOA'G A ZEN E 23 clipped and the plants will bloom till snow comes. Last year I learned for the first time that one could grow dahlias from seed, so T started some in a box in the house. They germinated and grew rapidly, and in May I transplanted them directly from the box to permanent rows. The cutworms fancied the tender succulent stalks, but I mixed bran with Paris green, and put about each plant, and with great success. The growth was very rapid, and my seedlings blossomed as soon as the plants grown from tubers. They were all single, some very fine, and I notice that the catalogues also offer seed of a strain of doubles. Hollyhocks are so well known that it is unnecessary to either describe them or to urge their culture; but they are almost indispensable in certain locations, and their decorative value is of the greatest. A row of hollyhocks in front of a stone wall is a picture almost beyond words! Last year I tried the comparatively new ‘‘ever- blooming,” and when one thinks of the short season of the old variety, and the ragged appearance which the old stalks present after blossoming time is over, one is inclined to abandon the old for the new. By pinching out the old stalk, the branch- ing habit is encouraged, and the blooming time prolonged. The platycodon is a smaller and less showy perennial of which I am very fond. The deep beautiful blue of its bell shaped flowers and the little balloon-shaped buds make it very effective in masses and it is very satisfactory for picking. There is also a white variety. It germinates very slowly, and the little seedlings are also slow of growth, so do not be discouraged if they do not appear when you expect them. Last year we thought we had lost all of ours, placed in their permanent position in the fall. Long after we had entirely given them up, they peeped out, every plant, I think, one by one. The New England aster — “ Michaelmas daisy”? — we must have, as it is so beauti- ful and decorative in the garden and border in the autumn, and invaluable in the fall bouquet. Its luxuriant masses of deep purple and lavender bloom are most effective among the deep reds and yellows of the autumn flowers. It can easily be seeded, and the garden variety being a development from the strong native strain, requires no especial care either in seeding or in wintering. Tiger lilies fill a unique place in the garden scheme, their masses of strong barbaric color lighting up a dull spot or filling in some empty corner. One must, however, use care and judgment in placing them. They are the easiest of all the lilies to propagate, as they grow freely from the little bulblets in the axils of the leaves. The Christmas rose has always seemed the most romantic and interesting of all flowers to me, especially after reading the articles about it which appeared in THE GARDEN Macazine. Last winter a friend All the plants in this effective perennial border were raised from seed by the owner. Foxgloves, Shasta daisies, Sweet William, Larkspur, Margaret Carnations, etc. showed me some growing in the snow, which she had raised from seed. I can therefore add them to my list of unique and unusual plants which may be grown in this way. Seed was sown in pots in the house in late summer and the seedlings planted in the open in the fall. I was sur- prised to find how long the flowers lasted. Sweet William and pyréthrum raised from seed give fragrance and color in the shade of this pergola One suggestion on which I should lay great stress is this: Always carefully pick off all the old flowers after blooming. This. is very important with annuals, but even more so with perennials. Often it makes just the difference of their having a second blooming, or in doubling the length of their blossoming season. irtet ey Abie ., r Getting an Barly Start HE proverbial bee-hive should be a mighty slow place compared to the greenhouse during Feb- ruary. This month the sun gets “over on the right side again,” as the gardener would remark, and vegetation indoors grows apace. This, of course, means more frequent watering, close atten- tion to ventilation — in fact, close applica- tion to all details if we are to take advantage of the favoring conditions and profit thereby. The sun gets rather high during February and the plants that have been rather inactive because of the short days will start showing growth. This sign of the renewal of life must not be neglected. Plant food must be furnished and liberally at that time. In some cases repotting will be the best method to pursue. Nothing must be allowed to become potbound at this season of the year. When repotting is not practical, liquid feeding must be resorted to. This can be done very copiously when plants arein benches. Of course you always start feeding lightly, | and increase the strength gradually. Because of the in- crease of the sun’s strength the green- house will require more damping down. This must be done re- gularly to keep up growth. The plants must also be sprayed more frequently to keep down red spider and other pests which have no fondness for water. In fact at this season we should be far more liberal with our water supply than we have been during the short days of winter. One of the mostimportant duties for February is the overhauling of the palm or plant houses. PALM STOVE AND PLANT HOUSES All plants, foliage or flowering, which are carried from one season to another in pots usually go through a period of rest during winter. We assist this by watering them rather sparingly. But during February these plants will show growth and need attention. This cannot be held back any for Spring Repotting, Propagation, Summer Bulbs By W.C. McCollom, New York longer without taking chances of injuring them. The best way to tackle the work is to mix up a good batch of soil for repot- ting. Good rich, heavy loam is necessary for this class of plants and when potting proper drainage must be provided. A good soil compost is made as follows: About six shovelsful of well rotted sod, about two shovelsful of good, well decayed man- ure, two 6-inch pots of bone (coarse) or the same amount of horn shavings, with one shovelful of clear, sharp sand added to keep it open and free. In some cases it is advisable to add leafmold to this mixture to lighten it up, but this is mostly in the case of ferns or light rooting stove plants. It is always advisable to place about one inch of broken crocks or sifted coarse cinders to the bottom of the pot for drain- age and cover this with a little sphagnum moss to keep it open. I usually crock a number of pots of various sizes, and do not, As sunlight increases plants will need more water, and will take more feeding under any circumstances, use dirty pots. All pots must be clean. We are now ready for the actual work of repotting. All plants that show the least signs of being pot-bound should be repotted, and when repotting always use a potting stick and ram the soil firm. Also be sure that you set the plant deep enough to allow the pot to hold a liberal supply of water, as plants of this class require more water than most others. This is sometimes a QA, hard matter when repotting some of the heavy-rooted varieties, such as the phoenix or pandanus, because of the heavy roots which force their way to the bottom of the pot. The best plan is to take a sharp knife and cut these off. This is not harm- ful; in fact, it is beneficial to cut a number of these roots, as young fibrous feeding roots will soon spring out from the fresh cut. CARNATIONS AND ROSES The carnation house must have some attention at this time if we wish to keep up the quality of the flowers. Disbudding must be attended to more regularly be- cause of the increased growth. On fine days the plants can be sprayed to keep down red spider. This is dangerous in dark weather, as it may promote rust. A good mulch applied at this time will do more than anything else to keep up the quality of the flowers. This will prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture from the benches and will have a tend- ency to keep a more even condition in the soil. This will main- tain the size of the bloom while a fre- quent application of soot (a 7-inch potful dissolved in a barrel of water) is the very best thing to keep the flowers from fading. The mulch when ap- plied should consist of about four shovels- ful of good, well rotted manure, about three shovelsful of good turfy chopped loam and one of bone- meal. Be sure to “use bonemeal as it is much quicker than the coarse grades. About an inch or an inch and a half of this mulch should be applied to the benches. In watering, however, always dig below this mulch to ascertain the condition of the soil as the mulch often appears fairly wet when the old bench soil may be “bone dry.” Young carnation plants should now be ready for potting in 4-inch pots which will be their final shift. Do not, under any circumstances allow them to suffer as your next year’s blooms depend in no Fresprvuary, 1914 small way on the handling of your young stock now. Mulching can also be done in the rose house. Of course in either case, if a person does not feel like going to this trouble, (particularly when soon to throw away the plants to make room for spring stock, which is often necessary in the small green- house), liquid feeding makes an excellent substitute. Feed freely at this season. Do not confine yourself to any one food, but give the plants a “balanced ration” as the poultrymen call it. There are a number of fertilizers that can be used in liquid form, such as cow manure, sheep manure, fish guano, nitrate ofsoda, as well as several proprietary articles{under special — ‘brand names. This advice not only per- tains to roses and carnations but to any plants that have been occupying the same bench for some time, such as antir- rhinums, stocks, tomatoes, gardenias, etc: BULBS FOR SUMMER FLOWERS Now is the time to get your summer flowering bulbs under way. They are indispensable. Tn fact, I think there is no finer flower than a _ well-grown gloxinia; and gloxi- nlas are easy to grow. Gloxinias which have been resting will now show signs of life and should be taken out of the old pots and all the old soil shaken from the roots. Then repot in smaller pots—one just large enough to accommodate the bulb is proper. They can be repotted as required and do better when handled in this manner. Do not start all the bulbs at one time, as a longer season of flowering can be enjoyed by starting them in batches, Gloxinias started from seed at this time will flower this season. The seeds should be sown thinly in shallow pans and when large enough to handle transplanted into thumb pots and potted on as required. Water carefully, always; one thing that is fatal to gloxinias is careless and indiffer- ent watering. The plant must have an open, free soil that drains well. A fair proportion of leafmold mixed in the soil is excellent. When watering always avoid wetting the foliage as it causes it to rot. Other good summer flowering bulbous itieie GraehD HN McA(G A ZIN E 25 plants are the achimenes and gesnera, and the general directions as outlined for the gloxinia will suit them also. The beautiful fancy leaved caladium is one of the best foliage plants. The color- ings in some varieties are really wonderful. It is bulbous and requires about the same general treatment as the gloxinia. PROPAGATION February is a good month for propagat- ing. In fact there are few things that . cannot be propagated at this season. It is just about the time to start propagating if we are to have fine quality plants for planting out in the spring. Other plants that do not root any too well at other The gloxinia is easily grown from seed sown now, and bulbs may be started up this month seasons of the year will be found to root readily now. Begonias, pandanus, rubber plants, and all the various plants from the stove or palm house can now be propa- gated, followed by the army of bedding plants, such as the geraniums, coleus, althernantheras, etc. FRUJTS AND VEGETABLES This is also a busy month in the fruit houses. If fruit is grown and the trees or canes are started they will demand no little attention as the ever changing con- dition which is necessary to produce good results must be watched closely. Spray- ing must be done frequently. Ventilating must be attended to religiously; thining out must not be neglected, besides the details of management which are many. If the fruit houses are not started it is usually time the final clearing was given preparatory to the starting. But fruit growing under glass is usually too difficult for the amateur and a gardener is engaged for this purpose. February is an excellent time to start crops of vegetables for early forcing indoors. It may seem strange to start vegetables for forcing indoors at the same time as we are sowing for out-door crops; but the latter crop is grown along slowly while the other is kept growing rapidly. Early crops of cauliflower, lettuce, spinach, radish, peas, onions, beets, carrot, and beans can be had by sowing now. In fact vegetables can be sown late in February in a greenhouse where no artificial heat is maintained and are ready for use several weeks before those planted in the garden. starts planning for a better garden now. This is first carried into effect in the greenhouse. Every- thing is started there. Start now if you want to have real quality in celery, onions, leeks, egg- plants, peppers, cab- bage, cauliflower, tomatoes. Start in flats or shallow boxes. When the seedlings are up they are transplantedinto boxes or pots, or in some cases where a number of plants are required, a few car- nation plants are pulled out to make room. Cannas and calad- iums are brought out ready for start- ing; dahlias are placed in sand and the shoots are taken for cuttings. The seeds can now be sown of salvia, petunia, lobelia, pansy, antirrhinum, begonia, celosia, heliotrope and myosotis. FLOWERS FOR EASTER Now is your busy time if you wish to make a display for Easter. And when a person has only a one-compartment green- house he cannot do much real jockeying with his stock. But a fair display can be had by careful manipulation, placing those desirous of forcing at the warm end and vice-versa. A good cool cellar is also a great aid. Narcissus, tulip, hya- cinth, potted lilacs, rhodod endrons, Easter lilies, spireas, roses in pots, etc. after they have come into flower can be kept in perfect condition there for three weeks. Thegood gardener CONDUCTED BY JOHN Y. BEATY, SANTA Garden Tasks that Need Atten- tion Now ee spring flowering bulbs are pushing through the ground in February. Keep the weeds all pulled and the soil stirred around the plants. If there is not a good supply of moisture, water the beds about every other day. It is also a good plan to mulch the bed with a light covering of manure. This mulching is especially important if the soil is a hard clay or adobe. Bulbs really should have a light soil, but by preventing the ground from drying out, they can be grown in the heavier soils. If you have a wall or fence covered with Boston ivy (Ampelopsis tricuspidata) or Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), The vines should be trimmed close to the support now for they will soon send out a wealth of foliage, which will cover a wall or fence in a remarkably short time. Clean out the dead leaves from among the branches and from around the stems on the ground. Clematis in several species, including Montana, cerulea, and florida, flower from year-oid wood. They wil stand severe pruning back at this season. Cut off the newest shoots except in places where the vine must be trained. In that case the older wood may be removed, too. Often insects will be at work on the plants in the conservatory at this time of year. Spray the plants with a solution of whale oil soap. Mix in the proportion of one pound of soap to one gallon of rain water. This is the stock solution and is made by boiling the soap in the water. For spray- ing mix one-half pint of the stock solution with four gallons of soft water and use it on the plants twice a week. This is a good time to divide ferns. If you have some that are getting too large or if you want more plants, take the larger ones out of the pots and carefully divide the crowns, potting each piece separately. Make the soil of one third mellow loam, one third leafmold, and one third peat with enough sand to make good drainage. Set these pots every week into a tub of water so full that the water will completely cover the pots. Leave them submerged two or three minutes. Sprinkle them thoroughly every day in addition. Make hanging baskets for the house in winter and the porch in summer. Place a layer of moss in the basket; over this put a layer of soil about an inch deep. Put in the plants and fill the basket with coarse, fibrous loam. Some of the best plants for the hanging basket are Asparagus Spren- gerit, Asparagus plumosa, and Boston fern. Give the conservatory a general clean-up. Wash the woodwork and the windows and pots. Change the plants about so that they will have a better opportunity to develop naturally. There is often a ten- dency to have the plants too close together and this results in some of them becoming one-sided or spindling. They should be changed about often. Plant the Spring Vegetables Now cE YOU are not following a year around rotation, now is the time to begin planting spring vegetables. Early this month, work the ground thoroughly and plant the early crop of potatoes. If the soil is a black heavy soil, do not plow it when it is too wet. It will turn up in great chunks that are very difficult to bring into proper tilth again. Cut the tubers about two weeks before you intend to plant. Let them lay spread out in a shed where they will dry and cal- lus over. There is then less danger of their rotting than if they are stored in wet soil. If the soil appears to be too wet and you are anxious to get an early crop, do not put the potatoes in the ground at all, but place them on the surface to sprout and cover them with a layer of straw. This method has the advantage in digging, too: all that is necessary at harvest time is to take away the straw with a fork and the potatoes will be found exposed or at least partly above ground. Either Burbank, Early Rose, or Gold Coin are good varieties for an early crop. Burbank has the preference throughout the state; practically all of the market potatoes are of this variety. It develops to its best on sandy soil, such as is found in the Salinas Valley, but it does well even in heavy soils. Horseradish roots and onion sets may be planted. The white sets are usually pre- ferred. American Wonder peas, Early . Egyptian beets, Big Boston lettuce, Early White Flat Dutch turnips, Danvers Half Long carrots, French Breakfast radish, and prickly spinach may be planted. In starting an asparagus bed, purchase one-year old roots. It takes a year for 26 them to become established, but the second season they will produce a good crop of crisp shoots. The Palmetto variety is used most for planting in the southern part of the state. Conover’s Colossal is also a good variety. The Palmetto, however, usually bears two weeks earlier. The largest artichoke is the Santa Rosa. It is rather expensive, however, and the Large Green Globe will give good satis- faction and can be started much more cheaply. Plant chicory, collards, cress, water- cress, celery, eggplant, kohlrabi, leek, mus- tard, peppers, salsify, tomatoes, beets, broccoli, brussels sprouts, early cabbage, carrots, kale, lettuce, onion sets for green onions and onion seeds for large onions to be used dry, peas, parsley, parsnips, rad- ishes, spinach, and turnips. How to Make a Fernery HIS is the last month until November for making a fernery. The best soil for ferns is a porous one made up largely of the leafmold usually found in a shady ravine. Ferns are to be had of almost every size from the tree ferns to the dwarf Cystopteris fragilis and, of course, should be arranged according to size with the tallest in the background. / The best tree ferns for the beginner are Dicksomia antarctica and Alsophila australis. These are both vigorous growers and are among the most beautiful of all the ferns. They should be set from five to ten feet apart on the side of a ravine. Avoid all formality in arranging them, for the value of the fernery is largely in its naturalness. Among the tree ferns, set some of the following: Woodwardia, Asplenium, Poly- stichum, Lastrea, Polypodium, Osmunda, and Pieris tremula. In front, set the dwarfer sorts: Blech- num spicant, Scolopendrium, Adiantum Cap- illus-V eneris and Cystopteris fragilis. Most of these ferns are evergreen and require an unusually large amount of moisture. The kinds mentioned can be purchased as small plants from the seedsmen. They will be shipped in pots and when trans- planted should be placed in the soil at about the same depth at which they were set in the pots. Press the soil firmly around the roots and water well. If there is danger of strong sunlight on them a part of the day, provide artificial shade until they get a good start. Bs Establishing a School Garden HE first step for any teacher to take who really wishes tg arrange for a school garden is to secure a suitable list of good reference works on tie subject, such as Hemenway’s. “‘How to Make School Gardens,” and his “Hints and Helps for Young Gardeners” (Doubleday, Page & Com- pany of Garden City, N. Y.); Green’s “Vegetable Gardening” (Webb Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota); Weed and Emerson’s “School Garden Book” (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York); Hein- rich’s ‘‘ Window Flower Garden” and Long’s “‘Orna- mental Gardening for Americans” (Orange Judd Company, New York). Also get the Reports of the Home Gardening Association of Cleveland, Ohio; “The Boy Gardener’s Manual’ published by the National Cash Register Company of Dayton, Ohio; the pamphlet on “School Gardens” by the Woman’s Institute of Yonkers, N. Y.; ‘“Sugges- tions for School Gardens” by Prof. E. B. Babcock of the University of California; and the excellent small pamphlet on school gardens issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The next step is to secure a suitable location for the school garden which should be within easy reach of the school building. In cities where land is valuable this is not always possible, but in rural districts where land is easily obtainable at a moder- ate price there is no reason why sufficient ground should not be purchased with the building site to insure room for a large and spacious school garden. Where several school districts have been consoli- dated and a rural graded school established it will be found advisable to secure land enough to estab- lish a small demonstration farm, comprising from five to ten acres of ground according to the number of pupils who wish to study agriculture. In cities it will often be possible to secure the use of vacant lots near the building for the schoo] garden. . Just imagine what a wonderful change would come over every city if every vacant lot should be transformed into a garden! If this were done there could be raised enough vegetables in every city of the United States to supply all of its demands for that class of products. Having secured your garden plot arrange to have it fenced and protected against dogs, chickens, cattle and other marauding animals. In city school gardens, when possible, arrange- ments should be made for water connections and the establishment of three or four hydrants in the garden so that the vege- tables and flowers can be watered in dry seasons. Each garden should also be supplied with 50 to 75 feet of good rubber hose according to the size of the garden and the number of hydrants. The plotting of the garden will depend on the number of pupils tak- ing the work and whether the pupils are to have com- munity plots or individual plots. My own experience has convinced me _ that community plots are rarely satisfactory. It generally results in the same condi- tion that would come about if you were to ask all of the farmers of the neighborhood to own their farms in com- mon. The better arrange- ment is for individual gar- dens for all the pupils. The size for these may vary, but 4 by 8, or 5 by 10, will be found the most satisfactory. YOUN CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW Ea CL MUR STE Cones == as \ = SIS eR UR ONE 4 A prize winning garden in Williamstown, Mass. responsible for such an excellent garden; NING FOR If possible give each pupil a plot to himself, but when space is limited two to four pupils may be assigned to a plot. Arrange your garden so that you will have a main path or walk three feet wide running through the garden from north to south and a second main path or walk of the same width running through the garden from east to west. All small paths around the individual gardens should be from 18 to 24 inches wide according to the amount of space that can be spared. In the centre of the garden at least four plots should be reserved for flowers and ornamental plants because stress should be placed upon the esthetic side as well as the practical side of the school garden. Some- times it will be possible to combine these four cen- tral plots into one large one with a design that is both suggestive and attractive. In selecting vegetables secure when possible quick growing and hardy kinds. Lettuce, radish, turnips, beets, pepper grass or garden cress, spinach, and onions will be found the most satisfactory in small gardens. For home gardens we may add other vegetables such as cabbage, tomatoes, pota- toes, pepper plants, melons, kohlrabi, collards, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, pumpkins, squash, okra, and many other similar vegetables, but their development will often be found too slow to satisfy the demands of the ordinary school garden. How- ever, it will be an excellent plan to have the pupils prepare hotbeds and in these sow cabbage and tomato seed, also flower seeds, and learn how to transplant them successfully either at their own homes or in the school garden. When handling flowers this plan will always be found the most sat- isfactory. In the way of flowers I would recom- mend the zinnia, daisy, verbena, sweet William, marigold, cockscomb, portulaca, poppy, chrysan- themums, canna, salvia, carnation, coleus, and geraniums. In arranging the vegetables in the garden the best effect will be secured if in each tier of plots extending lengthwise across the garden the same kind of vegetables is planted in the corresponding row in each garden. When selecting plots give some thought to the leaf design or pattern of each plant and group them for harmony of effect as much as possible. Thus for example in row num- ber one in the first tier of individual gardens or plots plant lettuce, in row number two radish, in row ~number three spinach, or beets, and in row number four turnips. The second tier of gardens might be varied a little by substituting carrots and pepper 27 The possibility of winning a prize was not alone the boy himself was interested in the work depth. G FOLKS grass or garden cress for two of the vegetables named iy the first tier of gardens and so through your ist. I am often asked when children should work in the school garden and whether the time taken should be at noon or recess time — especially in rural schools. In reply to such inquiries I would say that a regular time should be assigned for school garden work even if only once a week. In rural districts the whole school should be taken out to the garden and the same order and strict attention to business maintained as in the school room with the regular studies. The teacher should be on hand always to supervise and direct the work of the children. In city schools only one grade at a time should be taken to the garden. Teach them to observe and to make notes on all that takes place in the garden. Require accur- ate records as to conditions of soil, kind of seed used, depth and date of planting, subsequent culti- vation, handling of weed and insect pests, saving the soi] moisture, and other matters of interest. If the School Board will not furnish the tools and seeds arrange when possible for each child to bring these things from home. Sometimes an enter- tainment can be given by the pupils and if a small charge is made for admission sufficient funds may be raised to purchase a part of the tools that will be needed for the work. In laying off the individual gardens or plots, secure several balls of garden cord or carpenter’s chalking cord and after locating the inside corners of the outside bounding path drive stakes into the ground at these places and mark off the boundaries of the general school garden with the cord. Next lay off with a measuring stick the width of the individual gardens, individual paths, cross paths and main path, and set stakes at each point in line with the garden cord previously run between the outside corner pegs. Then return to the point of starting and lay off the length of the individual garden plots, and paths along the outside bounding line. These will be at right angles to the first measuring line. After having set all of the outside pegs run garden cord across in both directions, through the general garden, and set all of the re- maining pegs at the points where the cords intersect. When the work is completed you will have a peg at each corner of each individual plot or individual garden. These pegs or stakes should be two inches square at the top and ten inches long. Drive each one down until only three inches of the peg remains above ground. Your next step will be the assignment of pupils to the individual plots or gardens. Require each pupil to clear off his garden and prepare it properly for planting or seeding. To make sure that all the rows in each tier of gardens are straight and in proper alignment I would suggest that the drill rows be laid off with a wooden marker arranged like a hand rake with wooden teeth. These teeth or markers should be about an inch wide and should be set at the proper distances apart according to the kind of seed to be sown. The markers should be sharp- ened a little at the point and nailed to the wooden cross bar in such a way that the part below the cross bar will be long enough to make a drill of the proper 28 THE GAR D E NOX AGGMAZaIeNeH FEBRUARY, 1914 In planting or sowing the seed place the pupils at their respective gardens and pour the seed to be used in the pupil’s left hand and require him to plant with his right hand. Have each of the four drill rows planted before any of the drill rows are filled with soil, and make sure that the children do not cover the seed too deep when the order to put the soil on the seed is given. Next require each pupil to place a label peg on the south side of his garden containing his name, the list of the four kinds of vegetables assigned him, and the date of planting. If possible arrange to have the gardens inspected, weeded, and cultivated once or twice each week until the vegetables have matured. Should the season be dry some attention also must be given, when possible, to watering. However, do not let your work stop in the school garden. In your school room have a few window boxes, a few soup plates for seed testers or a ger- mination box and also a liberal supply of tin cans, lamp wicks, lamp chimneys, Mason’s fruit jars, cigar boxes or chalk boxes, etc. With this outfit, a few seeds, and some good soil ar- range to demonstrate the physi- cal properties of soil, the proper preparation of the seed bed, proper planting depth, proper aération of the soil, proper drainage, correct distribution of sunlight, and many other things pertaining to agricul- ture and plant life concerning which your pupils should be in- formed. If you will do this the work will become interest- ing and the whole school will want to take it up. In this work you can get much help from the bulletins issued by the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture at Wash- ington, D. C., as well as from the bulletins issued by your own Agricultural and Mechani- cal College. Also organize a Junior Agricultural and Do- mestic Science Club and have the members discuss topics pertaining to Agriculture and Domestic Science. Invite in the parents of the pupils and give them an opportunity to participate in the work and you will soon be surprised at the re- sults that will follow. , Stillwater, Okla. Jno. W. WILKINSON, State Supervisor Junior Agricultural Club. Community Garden Work N°? CHILDREN’S garden work had been attempted in our locality at all until the sum- mer of 1912, and people discouraged the effort say- ing that all the children had to work in their fathers’ home gardens, anyway, and would not attempt a garden of their own. The ladies of the club to which I appealed last year, however, voted the sum of fifty dollars for me to try the experiment. I took thirty-five dollars of that for the salary of a super- visor; a graduate of the State Normal School who lived here accepted the work in the spirit of help and experiment. The remaining fifteen dollars were used for prizes and printing. Sixty-one child- dren started gardens and forty continued through the summer. The local prizes offered by the Good Will Club in this garden competition were: 1. For the best general improvement in the home surroundings and in the work of the garden, even though the special product was not of prize quality — $5.00 $3.00, $1.00. A photograph of each place entered in the competiton was to be taken between April 15 and zo, and of those meriting it a second photograph was to be taken between August 15 and 29. 2. A prize of $1.00 was offered for the best vegetable garden kept by a boy in any of the sth and 6th grades of the town schools, pro- vided that there were at least three varieties of vegetables raised and that at least eight boys would compete. 3. A similar prize of $1.00 was offered for the best flower garden kept by a boy under similar conditions. The same two prizes were offered for the best flower or vegetable garden kept by any girl in the 5th or 6th grades. .4. As stated for the boys and girls of the 5th and 6th grades, the same four prizes were offered for the boys and girls of the 7th and 8th grades. It was allowable to compete for both the flower and vege- table prizes. 5. A prize was offered for the best essay sub- mitted by any scholar in the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades, containing an actual account of work done during the summer. When any of the products of the garden were sold it was desired that this fact be given with the amount of profit from the garden. No prize was awarded in any grade unless at least A 6th grade problem: How much lime to put on a 10x20 ft. plot at 1,000 pounds per acre five essays were submitted. A second prize was offered in a grade when ten or more essays were submitted. A year’s subscription to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE was given to the grade submitting the- most essays. Last year the club voted $50.00 for the salary of the supervisor, and $9.00 for general improvement prizes. Other prizes were secured from interested ladies. Beside this the children brought home from the Hoosac Valley Fair in North Adams the sum of $12.75 in premiums for their vegetables and $4.00 for their flowers. Williamstown, Mass. ELizABeTH L. CLARKE. The Month’s Work le IS time to transplant some of those little seedlings you started last month. When the first pair of true leaves appear it is quite time to transplant. It is often wise to transplant seedlings in groups. Instead of taking a single seedling take a little group and place in new quarters. A wooden label is a good instrument to use for this work. Make the soil one half sand and one half garden soil, well mixed together. After a time if you have used the group plan, the seedlings will have to be trans- planted again so that only one or two little plants remain permanently in a pot. The number to remain finally in a pot depends upon the size of the plant and its demands upon the soil. For instance, dwarf nasturtiums, making great demands, must have finally a six inch pot for each plant; but do not make the mistake of giving too large a pot at first. Shifting on by degrees is better. If cuttings are started fill a box or flat with build- er’s sand. Press this down firmly after it has been thoroughly moistened. Place the cuttings in this damp sand bed in rows about two inches apart. Place the cuttings as closely together as possible. For the first few days shade with newspapers from the direct rays of the sun. When the cuttings have rooted transplant them to individual three inch pots. All cuttings are made much alike but dif- fering in length. Geranium cuttings should be about three inches long, while those of coleus and begonia may be not more than one and a half inches. In purchasing trees for the school grounds buy those having points of real beauty. The flowering dogwood, cockspur thorn, Japanese maple, um- brella tree, mountain ash and cucumber tree, all make good ornamental trees. The most practical thing to do in tree planting is to use a tree com- mon to the locality. Such trees always do rather better than those not indigenous to the section. A young tree dug from a near-by swamp and planted in the school grounds has every ad- vantage, if the planting has been properly done. : Excellent shrubs for this same purpose are: spice bush, Japanese barberry, cranberry bush, weigela, forsythia, Re- gal’s privet and rose of Sharon. Among the vines try Chinese wisteria, Dorothy Per- kins rose, trumpet creeper, wild clematis and bittersweet. Weekly Calendar for February Ist week (2=7). Start toma- toes in boxes. Thin out the seedlings already started. In class rooms give lessons on root structure; also method of transplanting and reason for the same. Continue planting pots of sweet peas from time to time for the coldframe. Make astudy of plant families, e. g., Pea family; sweet pea, garden pea, bean, vetch, clovers, locust, wisteria, pea- nut, sensitive plant. Parsley family; parsnips, caraway, celery, carrot, wild carrot. Mustard; Shepherd’s purse, sweet alyssum, candytuft, horse radish, cabbage, turnip, field mustard. 2d week (9=14). As bulbs cease blooming, let blossoms completely wither, cut off all foliage up to ~ one inch of bulb, dry thoroughly. Then store away in tin boxes. These bulbs may be planted out next fall, but will not be very satisfactory. Take cuttings from old garden geraniums. Start in moist sand. Then pot into individual pots. If the weather is cold, see what the birds try to do to buds of fruit trees and small fruit bushes. Watch for pests on house plants. If lice appear, wash off parts with strong soap suds with a little kerosene in the water. 3d week (16=21). Transplant tomato seedlings and continue to plant seed in flats. Sow seeds of half hardy annuals indoors. Repot any house plants which need it. If house plants are not going well give them a tonic of nitrate of soda. Add a teaspoonful to a gallon of water. Use this to water plants with once a week. Take up in class the effect of water on certain soils. See School Garden Bulletin for this or Hodge’s “Nature Study and Life.” 4th week (23=28). Make plans for the decora- tion of your school grounds. Consider such questions as that of tree planting, hardy borders, vines, fern- eries. Send to Washington for bulletin on fores- try. Start Madeira vine roots. Get samples of garden soil and test for acidity with litmus paper. Work out the amount of lime necessary to use on garden plot if soil is acid. Peas may be planted in deep trenches outdoors. Freervary, 1914 Tae aG Ayh D BN ( MAGA ZI.N E 29 Stark Bros. 1914 Year Book | Is Ready For You—FREE We are pleased to announce the finest Year Book we ence book on fruit growing for tree planters of all sections. have ever published. To those who have received Stark Year Books in other seasons this means much— for just as Stark trees have stood supreme in their class . for nearly a; hundred years, so the Stark Year Book has be- Stark Service come the faithful guide of thousands in all their purchases In every department of this great business— from the growing of the of things that grow. trees or whatever you buy to the delivery of the goods— Stark service works to the best interest of the customer. Write today for your copy of the new great Year Book. The new Year Book contains a lot of valuable hints and helps, The root system of the apple trees grown by us in our Ozark Mountain besides correctly describing and showing in most attractive form nurseries makes them superior to all others in vigor, thrift and producing the many proved varieties that have insured Stark leadership power. since 1816. Special varieties discovered and introduced by us have been responsible oc cage j ¢ for a great measure of our success—and in no way have we served the Opinions of scores of famous authorities are given, making fruit growers of this country to such profitable advantage as in the intro- the work invaluable as a text and refer- duction and distribution of GENUINE TARK TREES eARFRUIT < LOUISIANA,MO, SINCE [8I¢ STARK DELICIOUS ‘‘Easily the Best Apple of any Time ’’ Here is a tree that is indeed orchard perfection. It is hardy, a thrifty grower, bears young—and every year; blooms late and resists ordinary orchard diseases to a remarkable degree. All Genuine This year we hope to be able to meet the wonderfully increased demand for Stark Delicious, but our advice is to get your Stark Bros. orders in early. Shipments WILL HELP YOU MAKE SELECTIONS If you are planting a home orchard, our Special Service Department will select varieties for you, so there will be no mistake. We will choose the kinds best adapted to your climatic and soil conditions, the ones that will give you the most pleasure at fruiting time and bring good prices on the markets —should you have an over-supply. We guarantee safe arrival on all orders. All boxing and packing is done free. The Stark method of packing is famous the world over. Stark trees are propagated from selected -and proven strains of bearing trees and are grown in the locality best adapted to their growth and development. To do this we maintain branch nurseries in several states. Healthy, thrifty, strong-rooted, vigor- ous trees are the result. STARK BROS. GREAT SELECTIVE LIST The Stark Year Book describes such standard varieties as Stark Delicious, Stark King David, Stayman Wine- sap, Black Ben, Jonathan, Grimes Golden, Liveland Raspberry, Wilson Red June, Rome Beauty, Wealthy, York Imperial, Winesap, Baldwin, Northern Spy, Duchess, McIntosh, Winter Banana, Paragon Winesap, Albemarle Pippin, Newtown Pippin, Champion, Senator, Spitzenberg and Yellow Transparent. o Also all good varieties of peach, pear, plum, cherry, apricot, quince, nectarine, grape vines, blackberry, # raspberry, gooseberry, dewberry, currant — everything the fruit grower wants. Shade and ornamental trees, ornamental shrubs, climbers, hedges, roses— everything to beautify your grounds. IOS TWO VALUABLE BOOKS FREE AS With the Stark Year Book we will send you the New Stark Orchard and Spray Book—the .@ oe most able treatise on orcharding from buying of trees down t keti f . Also 47.2 2 the greatest, most modern book on REASHICA Spraying? eae aa : TOES COO: STARK BROS. ne > vx : Nurseries & Orchards Co. Ke pk nee pee es Box 121 ee team ee 2 SS i aN Louisiana Missouri 9 COs eos F Ca eiets Nearly a Hundred Years ,@ Ka Pe . — in Business and of OS SE MOR iene Leadership in CELE Ce an eae Orchard GEO ERS Pex = Development CY Rak - GE EPS diggin yc FA Tees Si age am 7 @ sr r Fis 7 Se or . FT EEE Bah ae? ov Ses Shae ct yar oe Ss NY Ao ‘ AS KS ae oe Stark Os Cra Ly ‘on g ; S : e Delicious eo noe ge coe a ae se Actual Size ¢ Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of information obtained through the Readers’ Service RI SN men ore crn ese FE SY NS FT PO ES A NP | Cs SSS SS SS CS RS a we 30 Tk Jel 18, GARDEN IVER ANIG Aw Zee Nea FEBRUARY, 1914 What We Mean \ by Tested Seeds Carter’s Seeds are tested for germination, for pur- ity, for quality and for production. At Raynes Park, London, England, James Carter & Co. have the most com- plete testing and _ trial grounds in the World. Methods are employed that Jane et nemsucsullimmmon generations of experience. They test not only their own seeds but other strains to be sure of main- taining the superiority of Carter’s. In Carter’s Tested Seeds, you get flower and vege- table seeds as pure, as clean, as virile as human knowledge and painstaking care can make them. Zz | 2 CUES UE LONG" Carter’s Seeds are stand- ard in Europe. r | They are making a re- ey SO SS | markable record in HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGEV.| America Write today for a copy of the new Carter Catalog of Flowers and Vegetables — American Edition with all prices in American: currency. It contains many varieties new to you — many you should know. CARTER’S TESTED SEEDS, Inc. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Boston, Mass. Canadian Branch, 133 King St., Toronto If you are interested in upkeep of Lawn, Tennis-Courts or Golf- Course, write for the ““ Practical Greenkeeper.”? Every Championship Golf-Course in America is today using Carter’s Tested Grass Seed Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark porch corner- just the places for our hardy wild fernsand wild flower collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know |. what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind ge of soil you have—light, sandy, clay—and we will advise you. Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides and dry wocds. We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas, digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight as well as shade. If you want a bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers just as Nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you what to select and how to succeed with them. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles Starting Flowers in a Hotbed VEN in California every, lover of flowers should have a {hotbed. It is then possible to grow some of the plants that need to have protection at the start. A It is the usual thing to build it so that the plants will be on about the level of the surrounding soil or a little above it. With such a bed it is necessary to dig a hole four feet deep into which the manure that is to furnish the heat is packed. A good size for a small place is six feet long and three feet wide. Usually second-hand sash can be secured for the covering, and it is always a wise plan to see what sort of bargain you can get in a sash before you build the bed. Then you can make the bed to fit the sash. The back ot the frame should be eighteen inches high and the front eight inches. This will give enough slant to the sash to shed the rain. The frame is usually made of 2-inch lumber, but if a cheaper and less permanent bed is desired, inch boards will serve. There should be a narrow strip nailed on to the top and bottom boards of the frame to hold the sash in place. Other than this, the frame is a plain rectangular box with the back ten inches higher than the front. The hole, of course, should be a little smaller than the frame so there will be a ledge on which the frame may rest firmly. In making the compost, mix an equal quantity of fresh, strawy stable manure with freshly gathered leaves. Mix them three or four times every second day for eight days. In deter- mining the quantity to thus prepare, make a heap two or three feet larger all around than the frame. This will allow for the packing. When the compost is ready, throw in a layer of about six inches and tread it down thoroughly. See that each layer is evenly spread and firmly packed. After eight layers, each six inches thick, have been packed into the hole, spread on a layer of sand mixed with leafmold. Moisten and sow the seeds. Then put on the sash, leaving a place for ventilation at the top. Hang a thermometer in the bed and watch it for several days. If it gets hotter than 85 degrees, give more ventilation; and if it gets colder, close a part of the opening. The seed is sown rather thickly in the hotbed and when the young plants are about an inch high they must be “‘pricked off.”” This means that they must be transplanted into small boxes or flats. Lift a bunch of the plants with the soil from the bed, take into a building or into the shade out of doors and shake the soil carefully from the roots. The box has al- ready been prepared with a 2-inch layer of sand and leafmold. Set the young plants into this three inches apart by making a hole with the forefinger and dropping the roots into it. The soil must then be pressed firmly around the roots. Now carry the box to the hotbed and place it where the plants were removed. Place a cloth over the sash just above the transplanted seedlings and leave this shade until the plants have secured a good rooting. If you are doing this for the first time, leave a part of the plants in the hotbed until your first venture has proven a success. If.the seed- lings straighten up in a few days and begin to grow, your methods are correct. After the seedlings are well established, remove the shade and set the boxes outside of the frame during the middle of the day. By increasing the length of time out of the frame, you will gradually harden the plants to the outside temperature so that by the time they are about six inches high they are able to stand it without protection. Then is the time to transplant into the position where they are to flower. Choose a cloudy day to Frervary, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 3] Fe ebruary (anaiths) SCRIBNER Highways Bee cak, @ The Alpine Road of France Norman, M. P. The best motor-way across France from Normandy to the Mediterranean by the new “Route des Alpes.” @ The Motor-Truck and Motor Commerce The influence of the Motor-Truck on business systems. Author of “The Flowing oad. By Rollin W. Hutchinson, Jr. Motor-Vehicle Expert and Engineer. By @ The Great National Road Schemes Henry B. Joy Transcontinental Trails, Their Development, and What They Mean to This President of the Lincoln C 5 2 : Bie One 5 en econ incon Country. It is a fascinating paper, opening up possibilities of wonderful tours in our own country. @ My First Years as a Frenchwoman Waddington Il. At the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Berlin Congress, |877-78. Madame Waddington’s delightful recollections include impressions of many of the great personages and events of modern times. They have the charm of auto- biography, the value of history. an aes z @North Africa and the Desert eorge Edwar Woodberry’s F iguig— ‘the mysterious Figuig of old travellers.” brilliant articles No one has ever given a more poetic and colorful picture of the country and people ; of North Africa. By The Conclusion of Armistead ok ic S C. Gordon q| Maje: A Love Story Maje and his faithful attendant Hercules and the story of Maje’s romance will take a place among the most charming stories of the old South ever written. @ Other Stories, Poems, etc. The Illustrations: The Cover by ADOLPH TREIDLER, printed in color. 10 pages in full color, 8 of them Lumiére photographs in color by EARLE HARRISON (photographer of the Panama Canal), showing scenes of beauty along the transcontinental trails. Drawings by well-known artists and many photographs illustrating the several articles. 3.00 a Year CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS New York The Readers’ Service gives information about investments 32 THE GARDEN - MAG AZ TNE FreBprRuaRy, 1914 Phota Histed London TOC TOT TMT TOT ~The present joint tour of Melba and Kubelik is | acclaimed one of the greatest musical sensations of | recent years—and it is a truly noteworthy event. But to hear these two famous artists is an everyday pleasure where there is a Victor or Victrola in the home. Melba and Kubelik are among the world’s greatest singers and musicians who make records exclusively for the Victor. Any Victor dealer in any city in the world will gladly play any Melba or Kubelik records you wish to hear. No more beautiful rendition of Gounod’s ‘‘Ave Maria’’ can be imagined than Victor Record 89073, sung by Melba with violin obbligato by Kubelik. Victors $10 to $100. Victrolas $15 to $200. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S.A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors ae records only tor the lil : “HIS MASTERS VOICE REC. U.S. PAT, OFF. BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME GROUNDS Nothing will add more value to your property than orna- mental trees, plants, shrubs and vines. If you ever want to sell your home or estate you’ll find that these improvements will add immensely to its value and beauty. Our stock of > fat 4) Ga Ornamental Trees, Plants, Shrubs offers a wide variety to choose from. And they’re all healthy, vigorous growers. We also have a choice vari- ety of apple, peach, cherry and other fruit trees—all guaranteed true to label. We sell direct—no agents. BP oe Send today for our interesting book, which describes in full our’ com- lane plete stock—tells how to grow to obtain best results. Free for the asking. WOODLAWN NURSERIES, 588 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y. mits Ny Natiass oe Sea || : a (== do the transplanting, and protect the plants from the hot sun until they have taken root. A shingle or piece of paper will serve as a protector if placed. on the side toward the sun. Be sure that the young plants have plenty of water at the time of trans- planting and for some days after. Asters are especially valuable for California. gardens because they bloom at a time when most other plants are not in flower. They should be sown now in the hotbed and later pricked off and transplanted. They are very heavy feeders and must be supplied with plenty of fertilizer. A combina- tion of rotted sheep manure and bone meal is the best fertilizer if applied in the proportion of 100 pounds of each ingredient to 1,000 square feet of bed. It is very dangerous to use common stable manure for asters. It is likely to result in the appearance of numerous wire worms that will kill the young plants. Set the plants into the ground up to the first leaf. Press the soil around them firmly with the hands and water at once. Then give an applica- tion of fertilizer. Snails have a particular fond- ness for young aster plants, but they are readily killed by a liberal use of tobacco dust. If you plan to use the asters in a fairly large rec- tangular bed, buy the following varieties: Giant Comet Branching (crimson) two feet tall, to be used at the back of the bed, or for the centre row if the bed is open on all four sides; American Branching (white), 14 feet high, should come next; American Branching (rose pink) will blend well if planted in the next row, then use a row of American Branching (flesh pink), and a row of Victoria Branching (snow white). The Victoria Branching is a foot high and Queen of The Market is about eight inches high and is a white variety. A row of each of these makes a good border for the bed. The plants should be about one foot apart each way. If your bed is not large enough to hold all the varieties mentioned, leave out some of those in the centre of the bed. If the bed is larger, put in additional rows of some of the varieties in the centre. Do not add to the border variety, and pre- ferably not to the background, although an extra row of the Giant Comet Branching would not be entirely undesirable. If the space to be used is a triangular bed at an angle of the house or between the house and the porch, use in the corner three plants of Giant Comet Branching (light blue), next a row of Giant Comet Branching (lilac), then two rows of Semple’s or Giant Branching (white). For the edging try one row of Semple’s or Giant Branching (purple). For covering the ground between shrubs or for planting around the base of palms, plant Phlox Drummondii in the hotbed now and handle the same as the aster seedlings. It may be had in white, rose, scarlet, red, or yellow. Zinnias may be had in scarlet, purple, salmon, white, and yellow and one or more of the separate colors should be purchased rather than a mixture. They bloom throughout the summer and are excel- lent for a border along the side of the house or at the edge of a drive. Treatment is the same as for other hotbed plants except that a special caution is needed — never allow zinnias to be checked in their srowth for lack of water. They revel in a sunny spot, but must always have a good supply of mois- ture at the roots or the blossoms will be very in- significant. The good old-fashioned petunias (and some of the newer fashioned sorts) should be propagated now. If your neighbor has a bed that you have parti- cularly admired, secure cuttings from him. Or purchase seed and grow in the hotbed, selecting the best plants after they have flowered and replacing any that do not please you by cuttings from the good ones. Giant of California is a large-flowering sort and the blossoms are attractively fringed and delightfully fragrant. Eureka is a beautiful deep crimson pink and Rufus is a pure white mottled pink. Unless you are very much cramped for room, I rec- ommend that you purchase the following varieties of pansies. Use the two white varieties as a border and set the others in rows inside it. Of course, in the hotbed the seeds of each-variety will be by them- selves and carefully marked with small labels. For the border use the two white varieties, Snow- flake and President Carnot. The latter is white with violet blotches. Inside the border use Emper- or William, an ultramarine blue; Faust or King If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions ees Le The we” = Fesrvuary, 1914 Pere tG en ok: D) Bowe WE ALG A ZT Ne 33 THESE BOOKS ARE FOR YOU Whether you own a window box, a suburban home or a vast country estate. If you grow things or hope to you need THE NEW GARDEN LIBRARY Twelve volumes crammed full of interesting and valuable information and instruction on the making and maintaining of Flower, Fruit, Vegetable and Window Gardens. House Plants and How to Grow Them—+2; pe. r. sarnes A Manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home cultivation ; their raising from seed and propagation in the window garden. Roses and How to Grow Them—zy many experts The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country. The Flower Garden—szy IDA D. BENNETT “A clear and concise summary of every possible sort of information that might be desired by any one interested in gardens.” — Scientific American. The Vegetable Garden—®y 1pav.sennetTT This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and garden tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information. Orchard and Fruit Garden_2y ec. Pp. PowELL Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit-bearing trees and bushes. ‘“This thoroughly practical volume embodies all the latest developments and sums up all avail- able information on the selection of fruits.” —WNew York World. Ferns and How to Grow Them By G. A. WOOLSON The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem of grow- ing the native ferns of our Eastern woods. With table of synonomy. Lawns and How to Make Them By Leonard Barron The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the orna- mental lawn froma purely practical stand- point. For the first time the whole truth about lawn seed mixtures is popularly explained. Volumes 3,600 pages of prac- tical information with hundreds of “How to” |}j3_ illustrations. a It is necessary to see the books to |\¥* get a conception of their scope. | Daffodils—Narcissus and How to Grow Them By A. M. KIRBY All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs written from the standpoint of American conditions. = Water- Lilies and How to Grow Them By H.S. CONARD and HENRI HUS A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other aquatics by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural details and making of ponds and small gardens. es rormmnee eM Meese Tee a ee aN Vines and How to Grow Them By WILLIAM McCOLLUM A practical volume dealing with all kinds of climbing and trailing plants for garden effects. It covers not only the : hardy annual vines and permanent woody vines for pergolas, etc., but many of the beautiful exotics which are grown for cut flowers in greerhouses. The planting sea- son is approach- ing — these books should be your constant com- panions. You Take No Risk Garden Planning By W. S. ROGERS Especially designed to help the maker of small gardens, who wants to start prop- erly in fitting his desire to the conditions and situations. Chrysanthemums and How to = ; Grow Them—szy I. L. POWELL A complete manual of instruction for the growing of the Queen of Autumn in the garden border, and for specimen : | plants and blooms under glass, but with Wi special regard to the opportunities of the amateur 7 who has only an outdoor garden to deal with. It costs you nothing to examine these books A prompt acceptance of this offer will entitle you to The Garden Magazine for the coming year. If you are a subscriber we will extend te Please read Y the Coupon / Pacate Page & Co. Garden City, N.Y. e e = 74 e your subscription or you may send the a hen ai ae magazine to a friend. Clip the coupon now. sign O° seen pat avo orden age We pay the express charges it. 7 and if books are satisfactory GZ 2aree to pay $1.00 2 month until 7 $13.50 has been paid. If I don’t want them I will return within 5 days of receipt Doubleday, Page & Company ia. ee GARDEN CITY NEW YORK Oo Adapts. Si. sks For information about popular resorts write to the Readers’ Service 34 T HOE GeASke Deh N avi Ag Ge Ae7 ele E Fersprvuary, 1914 Biltmore Nursery has brought science to nature’s aid in grow- ing to perfection the trees, shrubs and plants that are the pro- duct of this nursery in the “Land of the Sky.” Nature was ’ kindly in the beginning in the matter of soil and climate in the a ee region where the nursery is located. Patient study and intelli- | gnmone NURSERM: gent cultivation have done the rest. BILTMORE. No ; FLOWERING TREES AND "ae SHRUBS Biltmore Nursery desires to become better acquainted with those discerning people who cultivate plants and flowers. In order to do so, the Nursery has prepared a series of books dealing with its products and which it is sending to interested planters. These books are not of the cheap, flimsy catalog kind. They have been intelligently written and perfectly illustrated to convey to the reader the exact facts concerning the thousands of plants and flowers and shrubs and trees grown at Biltmore Nursery. F One of these volumes, a book of some two hundred pages en- titled “Biltmore Nursery Catalog,” embraces practically every tree, shrub and plant in cultivation. It is a permanent publi- cation and one which is extremely valuable to all persons who own homes or estates. The “Biltmore Rose Book””—the handsomest volume ever issued by any nursery, and the most expensive to produce, deals exclu- sively with the Roses. Full page colored illustrations and concise descriptions give every detail of the various Rose species and individual members of the many Rose families. . A volume entitled “Hardy Garden Flowers,’ and another known as “Flowering Trees and Shrubs,” deal each with the specimens properly com- ing under the titles, in a manner as to leave no further information desir- able. A booklet called “The Iris Catalog,” tells exclusively of the Iris families, and shows in colors true to nature the beauties of this popular species. Let your flower wants be known to Biltmore Nursery, or write about your planting plans, and the proper book will be mailed to you without charge. BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1722, _ Biltmore, N. C. iii “20 Gauge from Front Sight to Butt Plate” OKLEY’S FRUIT PLANTS STEVENS REPEATER No 200 Michigan’s best, hardy, well rooted stock from old es- z 2 tablished growers. All varieties of Strawberries, Raspberries, Send for Complete Firearms Catalog No. 53 Blackberries, Currants, etc. Also the great Everbearing Straw- J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY = __ berry. Moderate prices. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 282 Main Street Chicopee Falls, Mass. J. N. Rokley’s Nurseries, RS, Bridgman, Mich. Allen’s Strawberry Plants Bear Large, Luscious Fruit YOuR success as a fruit grower depends largely upon securing berry plants from carefully grown stock. You are sure of the quality of all berry plants and small fruits when you Buy Allen’s True-to-Name Varieties We have all the best of the new and standard varieties. Hardy, prolific plants grown in the nursery with nearly 30 years’ successful experience back of them. Allen’s Straw- berry plants will yield bigger, better crops. All Shipments of Plants Guaranteed to be carefully packed—to be from fresh stock and in good condition. Allen’s Book of Berries for 1914 This book is profusely illustrated and full of va)vable information to fruit growers. Tells how to plant and cultivate Strawberries and ..ner small fruits. It also lists and describes Allen’s True-to-Name Blackberries, Raspberries, Currants, Grapes, Asparagus, etc. Every gardener, farmerand fruitgrower should havethis 1914 Berry Book. Write today for freecopy. W. F. ALLEN 54 Market Street, Salisbury, Md. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service of the Blacks, a coal black variety; Golden Mar- gined, a brown edged with gold; Golden Yellow, a pure yellow variety; Lord Beaconsfield, a purple violet shading to lavender around the edges; Pea- cock, a royal purple with blotches of peacock blue; Victoria, a blood red; and Meteor, a brownish red. The pansy will thrive in a rather protected place. A friend in Santa Rosa has a bed in the sunlight | and one under a high north porch. The plants under the protection of the porch have thrived bet- ter and produced the largest blossoms. This is one solution of the question of planting under the high porches of California. In the centre of a large drive at Cloverdale is a raised bed of pansies that gives a most pleasing wel- come to the guest who approaches the entrance. The bed is higher in the center and has the varieties harmoniously arranged in circles about a foot wide. A treatment of this kind requires plenty of space, but where there is a drive that circles under a porch, the space between the two parts of the road thus made is an excellent location for a bed of pansies. If they are kept well watered and the surplus blos- soms picked, the planting will be as attractive in the fall as in the spring and summer. For bedding, the improved strains of stocks can scarcely be equaled in beauty and fragrance. They require treatment the same as asters and the bed- ding arrangement suggested for asters will apply to stocks. Some of the best varieties are: Giant Perfection in light and dark blue, red, pink and white; Beauty of Nice, flesh pink; Intermediate East Lothian in crimson, purple, and white: and Brompton in flesh, bright rose, brick red, crimson, light blue, violet, and white. Snapdragons are very much admired by some because of the odd shape of the blossom. Aside from this, their long clusters of blooms have a special value when used in very narrow beds along the porch or to cover the foundation. They should be grown in a hotbed and transplanted. If you appreciate the velvety, gold-dusted flowers of salpiglossis, now is the time to plant the seed in a hotbed. Salpiglossis grandiflora has blossoms of many hues and is an exceptionally pleasing bed- ding plant. As soon as the plants are about an inch high, put them about three inches apart in pots or boxes. Protect the young plants until they take root. Then gradually harden them off by exposing them to the open air for a short time each day. When they are about six inches high, transplant them again, this time to the place where they are to bloom. Put them about a foot apart. California. Joun Y. Braty. The Cost of Raising an Orchard fe’ people will dispute the fact that an orchard is a profitable enterprise, but there are only a few who know what it actually costs to get an orchard into bearing condition. There is a man in Somerset County, Maine, who believes that when an orchard of 1,000 trees is ten years old, it will yield a profit of at least $1,200 for that year, which amount will increase every year thereafter. He experimented with his own trees and at the seventh year picked two bushels of salable apples from each tree. When they were ten years old they each pro- duced on an average more than a barrelful, and the profit to him from the 1ooo trees amounted to about $1,300. The figures given herewith are those of the owner of the orchard. He states that he chose rocky soil, believing that Fesrvary, 1914 Rete GewA kt DN: ONE AG AZ IN E 35 j New Flowers New Vegetables you will wish to try will be found you will want in your garden are in its pages. there also. or ‘a \4 Succ cha Cultural instructions for growing everything worth growing, by well known experts, will make gardening easy even for the novice. Over a thousand photographic illustrations and ro color and duotone plates. Mailed free to any one mentioning this publication } Dreer’s Orchid-Flowered Sweet Peas, with immense wavy flowers in sprays of 3 and 4 blossoms each. Just as easy to grow as the common sorts. Our mixture con- tains a full range of colors. oc per pkt.—z2oc per oz.—6oc per } lb. Garden Book _ free with each order. HENRY A.DREER éritabetenia ee _———e——_—_—_—_—_—_—__E—_—_—__ OOOO eee e e 9 2 | Livingston’s |i||| Fairfax Roses Give You | Famous Blooms as Fine as This Tomatoe S You can have beautiful roses in your own garden this year when you use Fairfax plants, grown slowly and wintered out of doors. When you plant forced roses, that have lost all their vitality For over sixty years, we through excess of greenhouse heat, you have to wait years for them have bred tomatoes for yield to recover. Because Fairfax Roses are grown so well they are and quality until we now have strains with unusual The Aristocrats characteristics. We evolved sorts of Rosedom for all purposes and for all tomato The fisatille clr lea oh growing sections. Early or late, scarlet or Fairfax County, the long s purple, tall or dwarf, “flat or - round, we have good kinds of all growing season, and un- [i : —, a | classes. Test ‘ ‘near-perfection” in tomatoes in the following sorts. peers in elevation : ae ’ | Gmesand vigorous os, _- % > Livingston Ss Globe Outdoor wintering makes au ~~ Pa fs | is the finest purple fruited tomato to date. Early, round, them hardy. They have a | solid of superb mild flavor. Pkt. / 0c. i }| rugged constitutions and 55 9 - thrive in gardens every- Livingston’s Stone .@a/\ where. is the most popular bright red or scarlet main crop can- Aue = My Free Book Tells ning tomato in cultivation to-day. Pkt. 1 Oc. How to Grow Roses ie : With Fairfax Roses and the di- Superb Catalog Free Ye sae rections, “How to Grow Roses,” Its 128 pages contain many helpful cul- ac eR contained in my 1914 book, you ture eho Tem Seine neatly 300 illus- . 3 g can have perfect flowers in your trations from photographs ma oe ) : : x f- i rs, = imgMGOtln Nee ap ees > a ; : 45 x ; own garden. The book, fully illus pendable varieties of seeds. (ff ae mb's 4 trated from - photographs, des- Honest descriptions will help et : : cribes and prices every good rose you to form a correct opinion 9 @@ a it 4 that will thrive out of doors. Send of things offered. Let us mail : i. you a free copy. ee iS your name for a copy—free. LIVINGSTON SEED CO. 1h ago : : W. R.GRAY, Box 6, Oakton, Va. 592 HighSt., COLUMBUS, OHIO \ Fairfax County For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 36 | THE GARDEN MAlLG AAENGE 0 Di a Nl “PENNSYLVANIA” & « Quality Lawn Mowers ALL THE NOVELTIES ROSES, CARNATIONS CHRYSANTHEMUMS We make a specialty of handling the newest and best introductions of the European florists. We have an unusually select list of the finest American and hardy Chrysanthemums, old and new, includ- ing that glorious pink sensation of the season Lillian Doty. Our “Novelty List for 1914” (with prices) is ready tc be sent if you say the word. Just drop a post card to SCOTT BROS. Novetty SPECIALISTS Exmsrorp, N. Y: will do more work with less labor than any other mower on the market. They are always sharp, because they have crucible tool steel blades throughout, oil-hardened and water-tempered. Any “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Mower will last a lifetime and always be smooth-cutting and light-running. As thereisnoexpenseforresharpening they soon pay for themselves. All of the following well - known Mowers are‘PENNSYLVANIA” Quality. “Pennsylvania” “Continental” “Keystone” “Great American” and others Mailed Free “The Lawn—Its Making and Care,”’anin- structive book written for us by a promi- nent authoriiy, gladly mailed on request. Supplee-Biddle Hardware Co. Box 1575 Philadelphia “New Departure’ Landscape Gardening A course for Home-makers and Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni- versity. Gardeners who understand up- to-date methods and practice are in demand for the best positions. A knowledge of Landscape Gar- dening is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. | 250 page catalogue free. Write today. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 9, Springfield, Mass. Pror. CRAIG TREES, SHRUBS & PLANTS By the millions, quality guaranteed, 1 and 2-year Apple; also Peach trees, Asparagus, Downing Gooseberries, Privet Hedging, etc. Ask for our new catalogue with attractive prices. The Westminster Nursery Westminster, Maryland Strawberry Plants Guaranteed as good as grows at $1.00 per 1000 and up. Catalogue FREE. ALLEN BROTHERS, R 2, Paw Paw, Michigan if 1 $3.00 . $25.00 3to4feet . eee DO 4.00 $35.00 Tree-shaped, Sitor4sfeet se. a0) ADL er. 6.50 $50.00 KERRIA. Globe Flower. Japonica. 4to5 feet. Globular orange-yellow flowers like those of a buttercup adorn this bush in May. It is beautiful at all seasons. Bark bright green, striking for winter effect. Thrives in shade. Excellent for foreground planting. Each 2to3feet . 5 O) si0) LIGUSTRUM. Privet. 10 . $4.00 Privet is the most popular of shrubs for trimmed. hedges. Its dark, glossy foliage remains fresh until winter; it grows with surprising rapidity, and it may be trimmed to any shape desired. Set the plants one foot apart; if a very dense, thick hedge is desired, plant a double row, each a foot apart, breaking joints. My privet is of proved hardiness, stocky and extra bushy. It costs more than skimpy stock, but it is worth all it costs. Ibota. severe winters. The iron-clad privet that endures most Hardy in far north. Has dark, My hardy Ibota privet produces thick hedges of erect 77 Wintvap Aven Chieu nidatndb What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service Milli tli lustrous leaves, 2 inches long, graceful, erect branches, and fragrant white flowers in clusters. fe f Each 10 100 1000 2 to 3 feet, extra bushy $ .35 $3.00 $18.00 $150. Regelianum. Regel’s or Prostrate Privet. 4 to 6 feet. A variety of Ibota, with lower branches arching to the ground and upper branches drooping gracefully like those of Japanese barberry, making an informal hedge as wide as it is tall. My Regel’s Privet is grown from cuttings — not seed — and is true to type. For hedges, set 1 foot apart. Each 10 100 2to3feet ... $.40 . $3.50 $30.00 Ovalifolium. California Privet. Useful where it is hardy, but winterkills regularly in my nursery. I do not grow it, but can supply 2 to 3 foot plants at $ro per 100, $90 per 1,000, and 3 to 4 foot at $12 per 100, $100 per 1,000. LONICERA. Bush Honeysuckle. This fine shrub has graced American lawns for many years, and it deserves a place in every garden. Handsome in flower, showy in fruit, and ornamental in its bluish green foliage, it has everything to commend it. As a specimen it is bushy and sym- metrical. As a hedge or screen, set two feet apart, it is magnificent. In mass plantings it is charming. The Bush Honeysuckles are covered in early June with pink or white flowers, rendering the entire bush one huge bouquet, wonderfully fra- grant. The flowers are followed by showy red fruits, which prolong the season of beauty for weeks. All the varieties thrive in sun or shade and increase in beauty each year. I have tested many kinds and offer these as the choicest. Tatarica. Pink. Tartarian Honeysuckle. 6 to 8 feet. Mentioned first because of its great merit. Flowers delicate blush pink. (Illustration above). Bella albida. 6 to 8 feet. Pure white flowers in late May and a profusion of scarlet fruits. The finest white variety, famed for its dark green foliage. Grandiflora. Pink-flowered Honeysuckle. 6 feet. Flowers large, bright pink, striped with white. Vigorous, of erect growth. Morrowi. 6 feet. A vigorous shrub of irregular growth and drooping habit. Flowers yellow- ish-white, followed by large crimson fruits. Prices of Honeysuckles, any variety: Each 10 100 2 to 3 feet $ .35 . $3.00 . $20.00 Stora feet) Fs. 50 . 4.00 . 30.00 4to5feet, specimens .75 . 6.50 . 60.00 PHILADELPHUS. Syringa. Like the Honeysuckle, the Syringa is an old favorite. It never fails to furnish a profusion of snow white, sweet-scented four-petaled flowers, which clothe the branches for nearly their entire length. All varieties flower in June, following the Diervillas. These are most desirable: Coronarius. Garland’s Syringa. 8 to 1o feet. Noted for the rich fragrance of its blooms (illus- trated to right ). One of the first to flower. Of sturdy, upright growth and the best for screens. Grandiflorus. 6 to 8 feet. Flowers are un- usually large and showy. Branches droop. Foliis aureus. Golden-leaved Syringa. 3 to 4 feet. A dwarf, golden leaved variety useful be- cause of its foliage. 18 to 24 inch, 50 cents each. Lemoinei. 4 to 5 feet. Flowers creamy white, small and fragrant, borne in great profusion. Prices of Philadelphus, except as noted: Each 10 100 2to3feet ...$.35 . $3.00 . $20.00 oto 4ifeet) ieee OOn 4.00 . 25.00 4 to 5 feet,extraheavy.75 . 6.00 . * 50.00 m1 i il Ee Ii | lit lil the EN The Tartarian Honeysuckle is a huge, fragrant, pink bouquet when it blooms in June PRUNUS. Flowering Plum. Triloba. Double-flowering Plum. 5 to 6 feet. Double pink flowers, an inch in diameter, resembl- ing small roses, (illustrated below) wreath every branch before the leaves unfold. Showy and desirable. Each 10 2to3feet . $50. (a Ry e400) PYRUS. Flowering Crab. Angustifolia. Bechtel’s Double-flowering Crab. 8 to 12 feet. A most showy flowering small tree, producing large rose-colored flowers in great pro- fusion. ( Each 10 3 to 4 feet $1.00 ... « « $9100 Floribunda. Japanese Crab. 8 feet. The single flowers are carmine in bud and white when open. Fruit ornamental. A beautiful little tree. Each 10 3 to 4 feet » $1.00° . 2. 2 ae o9:00 RHUS. Sumac. Typhina. Staghorn Sumac. to feet. Ex- cellent for background planting. Typhina laciniata. Fern-leaved Staghorn Sumac. to feet. Deeply cut leaves as beautiful as those of any fern. Prices of Sumac, any variety: Each 1 Each 0 2 to 3 feet $..35 $3.00 3to4feet $ .50 RIBES. Flowering Currant. Aureum. Golden-flowering Currant. 5 feet. A spreading shrub, drooping in habit, with glossy green foliage and a profusion of fragrant yellow flowers in May. Thrives in shade or sun. 10 $4.00 Each $35). ae 10 2to3feet ... $3.00 Philadelphus coronarius has The double-flowering Plum large, fragrant, white flowers has rose-like blossoms = la HT] is i l AU | | Pht Hi i LT ist T ie aintabadstanabdnebiD add dfundhavdfadocfatdalQhed adattabitatebtt f ALONE it “i rm || oa 0 a, av o TT Marca, 1914 f Marcu, 1914 ST il Ordinary roses do not thrive in the shrubbery border, but Rosa rugosa is beautiful there ROSA. Rose. Rugosa. Japanese Rose. 4 to 6 feet. The ideal rose for the shrubbery border. Its foliage is the finest of all the roses, being thick and curiously crinkled, of rich green, turning to yellow and red in the fall. It has strong canes, crowned with clusters of large semi-double flowers, (illustrated above) and it blooms throughout the summer. The flowers are followed by showy red fruits. Excellent for hedges. Set 2 feet apart. Each 10 100 lito2feet .. .$ .35 . $3.00 . $20.00 2 to3feet ... .50 . 4.00 . 35.00 Crimson Rambler. The most popular climbing rose. ‘Three-year field grown plants, each 50 cents. Dorothy Perkins. A climbing and __ trailing Wichuraiana rose excellent for landscape planting, for covering banks, and many other uses. Flowers clear shell pink, very double, in large clusters. Ench 10 100 3to4feet .. . $ .35 . $3.00 . $20.00 RUBUS. Raspberry. Odoratus. Flowering Raspberry. 4 feet. Dark pink fragrant blossoms, highly decorative. Blooms allsummer. Valuable for shady places. Each * m2sstos feet... « $500 =... 3 _ $4.00 SAMBUCUS. Elder. Canadensis. American Elder. 6 feet. A native shrub with large, flat heads of sweet-scented white flowers in June, followed in fall by edible purple berries. Will grow anyw ere. Nigra aurea. Golden Elder. 5 teet. Has striking golden foliage, excellent for contrast. Prices of Elder, either variety: Each 10 Each 10 3 to 4feet$ .35 $3.00 4to5feet $ .50 $ 4.00 My Spirza Van Houttei will quickly produce a graceful flowering hedge like this TO LL esse UC ; i | r add Maflaladbiedatuabite RALLY RAR RAR RI ATR H , ee i] lat ill SPIRAEA. Anthony Waterer. 2 feet. A dwarf variety bearing dark crimson flowers in flat clusters all summer. Each 10 Cetra. steer Up eSDMeee sss Com 3200 Arguta. 3 to 4 feet. The earliest to flower, blooming with the Red Bud. Blooms are snowy white. This is the choicest early flowering species. Each 10 Tito ZAeeth vy) es eb EDIE SD aa ciel) se 3-00 Billardi. 4 to 5 feet. Flowers bright pink in dense panicles, produced all summer. Each 10 Each 10 2to3feet$ .35 $3.00 3to4feet $ .50 $4.00 Opulifolia. Ninebark Spirea. 6 feet. Bears white flowers in large, flat clusters. Has showy seed pods and effective bark coloring. Each 10 Each 10 3to4feet $ .35 $3.00 4to5 feet $ .50 $4.50 _Van Houttei. Single Bridal Wreath. 5 to 6 feet. ‘Of all the Spirzeas, this is transcendentally the best,” says THe GARDEN MacaziIne. The branches arch gracefully under their weight of flowers, and in May and June constitute the glory of the shrubbery border. Each flower is like a miniature wild rose. This Spirea is at its best when planted in masses; it is unexcelled as a specimen, and beautiful in a hedge, set 2 feet apart, (See illustration to left). My plants are unusu- ally bushy and give an instant effect. Each 10 100 23 to 3 feet - $ 30 . $2.50 . $20.00 3 to4feet ... S59 56 sOO . 25.00 4 toSfeet ... 50 . 4.00 . 30.00 5 to 6feet,extraheavy.75 . 6.50 . 50.00 SYRINGA. Lilac. My lilacs all are grown on their own roots — not budded on vulgaris stock. This relieves you of the trouble of cutting out sprouts. Japonica. Japan Tree Lilac. 8 to ro feet. Blooms a month later than others, producing large, showy clusters of creamy white flowers. Each 10 Zrtorsifeet) ss, 6.) OD af. ot ee © $6250 Josikea. Hungarian Lilac. 8 to 10 feet. A tree-like lilac blooming in late June, after the others have ceased flowering. Flowers violet. Each 10 Dtoysiteete en ee Ou-D0) eens) 64.00 Persica. Persian Lilac. 8 to 10 feet. A dis- tinctive species, bearing large, loose clusters of pale lilac flowers, delicate in form and coloring. Each 10 Each 10 2to3feet $ .50 $4.50 3 to 4 feet $. 75 $6.50 Rothomagensis. Rouen Lilac. Similar to Persica, but with large reddish purple flowers. Each 10 Each 10 2to3feet $ .50 $4.50 3to4feet$ .75 $6.50 Vulgaris. Common Purple Lilac. Known everywhere. Makes thick, tall hedges. Each 10 Each 10 2 to 3 feet $ 50 $3.00 3to4feet $ 50 $4.00 Vulgaris alba. Common White Lilac. Each 10° Each 10 2to 3feet $ 50 $4.00 3to4feet $ .75 $6.00 Charles X. W. T. Macoun of the Canadian Arboretum pronounces this one of the best of 148 varieties tested, and describes it, “‘Panicles medium size, compact; flower medium size, single, purple- mauve, soon fading to lighter. Very free bloomer.” Each 10 Each 10 2 to 3 feet $ .60 $5.00 3to4feet $ .75 $6.00 ? If you wish information about dogs apply to ihe Readers’ Service 19 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ili lillian Marie LeGray is a wonderfully improved variety of pure white Lilac Marie LeGray. Beautiful creamy white, fra- grant single flowers of immense size. Bush dwarf. The finest white lilac. (See illustration above). Each 10 Each 10 2 to 3 feet $1.00 $ 9.00 3 to 4 feet $1.50 $12.00 Special $10 Offer. For $10 I will supply twelve choice lilacs, 3 to 4 feet high, in twelve named varieties, my selection. SYMPHORICARPOS. Waxberry. Racemosus. Snowberry. 4to5 feet. A bushy shrub with pink flowers in July, followed by large, waxy berries that remain until winter. Thrives in shade. Showy. Vulgaris. Indian Currant or Coral Berry. 4 to 5 feet. Bears clusters of coral red berries in fall. Excellent for decorations. Prices of Symphoricarpos, either variety: Each 10 Each 10 2 to 3 feet $.35 $3.00 3 to 4 feet $ 50 $5.00 VIBURNUM. Opulus. Highbush Cranberry. 6 to 8 feet. A wonderfully good native shrub, with large flat clusters of white flowers, followed by edible, bril- liant red berries which remain all winter. Each 10 160 2to3feet . . $ .35 . $3.00 . $20.00 3to4feet .. 20) 400 . 30.00 Opulus sterilis. Snowball. 6 feet. Grown everywhere for its large balls of white blooms, covering the bush in May. (Illustrated below). Each 10 Each 10 2to 3 feet $ .35 $3.00 3to4feet $.50 $4.00 Lantana. Wayfaring tree. 10 feet. Large wrinkled green leaves, silvery beneath. Broad, creamy flower clusters, followed by red fruit. Each 10 Each 10 3to4feet $ 5094.00 4to5feet$ .75 $6.50 Everyone knows and admires the Snowball, one of the finest of shrubs : [ Baltimore Avenue, Philadel ee 74 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Maren, 1914 Information about the selection or care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue Garpen Macazine, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. The Common Sense Side of Tompkins’ Rhode Island Reds UPPOSE it’s Utility Fowls you want, either for S starting a new flock or to bring up the standard of your present one—doesn’t it seem like common sense to get your birds of a man who for over 45 years, has been breeding the one strain, and has posi- tively refused to mix them with other strains? It’s log- ical that such birds with the extremely careful kind of selective breeding that I do, would be a better, sturdier, more dependable kind than those that are inter-bred, If my strain of birds is not bet- ter than other strains, then why is it that for the last ten years they have walked away with so many coveted prizes at the big shows? You can’t get back of that kind of evidence. We might possibly be favored by some judges one year, but surely not year after year. From the Utility Birds, which I will sell you for so little as $2 apiece for 5; or $3 for single birds; you winners in the smaller shows. HUTONUTAAAAA HUENEME ( EAT This grand bird won first ribbon and shape may get eggs that will develop prize special in the December 1913 Madison Sguare Show, New York, against the strong- 1 est competition I have ever experienced. deniably to Yous advantage. It’s happening right along with my customers. If this strain of mine was not a superior one, this couldn't happen year after year. The main aim in my breeding is to increase the egg yield and develop the meat producing points. I believe that an average size bird is the natural Rhode Island Red. If you force size to the front, you do it at the expense of the more valu- able practical qualities. I'll sell you eggs if you want them, or single birds or pens. I have four classes— Untlity, Near Silks, Top Notchers and Special Top Notchers. My Mating List is ready, also a most interesting and convincing cata- log of plain, every day, common sensed facts about Rhode Island Reds in general; and Tompkins Reds in particular, Get your order in early—it is un- lompkins Rhode |sland Reds CONCORD, MASS. WIGWARM Setting and Brood Coop For a hen and her chicks and while sheis sitting. Gives . protection from rats, skunks, hawks, and other enemies. In- sures larger hatches —has proved its suc- cess for 22 years. Shipped knocked down—size, 2x4 ft, 2 ft. high. Wit WIGWARM Broder WP/] Hot-water and hot-air heating combined gives perfect ventilation—no danger of overheating— maintains even tem- perature regardless of cold outside. Used and endorsed by poultry experts and by experi- ment stations and such men as Dr. A. A. Brigham, Dr. N. W, Sanborn, Dr. P. T. Woods and Mr. A. F. Hunter. Size, 3x5 feet. Catalog Free “= SRoom 311, 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass. | Craftsman Bldg., 6 East 39th St., New York Visit our * showrooms Si No. 0 Colony Laying House— Fitted complete with nests, fountain for 12 hens and feed trough. Sanitary—easily cleaned. One man can easily care for several hundred birds. Nicely painted—set up in fifteen minutes. A comfortable year-round house. In stormy weather the run may be covered, giving a protected EES room, Size, 10xé ft,, 5 ft. igh. MARK - Five-Section Poultry House— 10x50 ft. Sanitary, durable, up-to-date—made of red cedar, clap- boarded outside, interior sheathed. Made in 10-ft. sec- | tions, each fitted with roosts, nests and fountain. Open fronts, with canvas-coyered frames. You can add sec- tions atany time. Easily erected, First section, $75.00; additional sections, $60,00 each. £ z Wiser Pr et OO ————— ——= ee = Address all correspondence to Boston The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 10 Years of Scientific Line-Breeding — Devoted to producing a distinctive type, fine color and large size fowl that is also a great egg producer. That's the record behind the prize-winning strain o: Sunswick Farm S. C. Buff Orpingtons La. A long list of satisfied customers will testify to the remarkable z¢z/z¢y quality of this strain as well as its ability to win prizes. Wehave 1,000 choice yearling breeders for sale, also Eggs for hatching and day-old chicks from our choice mat ings. Book your order early. Write Today For Our Free Cat- alog describing our S. C. Buff Orping- tons and Buff Orpington Ducks. No other breeds. SUNSWICK POULTRY FARM Rufus Delafield, Owner South Plainfield, Box M, New Jersey “Baby Chicks of Quality” Shipped by Express Healthy, vigorous day-old chicks hatched from a heavy egg-laying stock of ' White Plymouth Rocks (The 257 Egg Strain) Ready for immediate delivery Save all hatching troubles, assure three weeks earlier matured pullets, mean- ing eggs and profit soonest, % Safe delivery in good condition guaranteed A New Catalogue Is Now Ready—One of the finest ever issued by any breeder, It tells just how ‘‘Baby Chicks of Quality” are pro- duced, and describes every Grade of stock that we have to sell, with prices. A copy is ready for you. R. C. CALDWELL, Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio Send for our Free Poultry Book and Catalog. Valua- ble information for every poultry raiser. Contains a beautiful picture of the world famous *‘ Peggy ’’—the $10,000 Hen and tells you all about the great Kellerstrass Plant, and the Price of stock and eggs. Send 4c to pay postage and your name and address today. KELLERSTRASS POULTRY FARM, %000 Westport Road, Kansas City, Mo. There’s Money in P oultry Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to make poultry pay. Personal instruction. Expert advice. 250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 10, Springfield, Mass. Prof. Graham “F, P. C. CHICK MANNA” A complete prepared food for little chicks, turkeys, etc. Introduced 1884. The first chick food on the market and recognized every- whereas the best. Brings chicks safely through critical first ten days. “Chicks like it and thrive : ‘ wonderfully on it.”? Ask your dealer for it. Special Trial Offer by Parcel Post. Write today for our introduc- tory offer to ship 1-lb., 5-Ib., or a 15-lb. package, postpaid by mail. Send for free circulars of “F.P. C.”” Pouliry Foods and Supplies. F, P. CASSEL & SON, No. A-6 Lansdale, Pa. SELDOM SEE a big knee like this, but your horse may have a bunch or bruise on his Ankle, Hock, Stifle, Knee or Throat. will clean it off without laying the horse up. No blister, no hair gone. Concentrated— only a few drops required at an application. $2.00 per bottle delivered. Describe your case for special instructions and Book 8 K Free. W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. Marcu, 1914 Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deez, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. Lovable Children The healthier and happier your children are the better men and women they will become. A Shetland Pony for a playfellow brings them health, teaches them self reliance and self control and makes them manly. Se- cure a pony from the Belle Meade Farm and you can be quite sure it will be asturdy, reliable little fellow, playfulas akitten but full of good sense and quite unafraidof autos, trains or anything to be met with on the road. We havea HERD OF 300 for you to choose from—every one weli mannered and abso- lutelysafe.many of them prize winners. We always guaran- tee satisfaction. Write for illustrated catalogue. Belle Meade Farm Markham, Va. Box 15 Suet-Grain Cake For feeding wild birds in win- ter. Theonly regularly man- ufactured bird food obtain- able. soc per cake. Our cakes are winning birdsevery- | where. Illustrated booklet | of bird houses, feeders, cavi- ie ties, baths and food, FREE. | Order a cake now and feed the birds before it is too late. Maplewood Biological Laboratory Stamford, Connecticut COOK your FEED and SAVE e Cost— with t PROFIT. "FARM BOILER With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in one minute. The simplest and best arrange- ment for cooking food tor stock. Also make Dairy and Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc. Send for particulars and ask for circular L D.R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheas- ants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Ducks and Geese, Flamingoes,Game and Cage Birds “Everything in the bird line from Canary to an Ostrich” —— MS oe Iam the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in Jand and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY, Box G, Darien, Connecticut 6 es ie 0 GAsk DEN MAG AZINE ~l or COPYRIGHTED. RALSTON PURINA CO. 1914 Chicken Chowder makes Cliesty Chix It makes them grow twice as fast. This means large profits, heavy egg produc- tion and vigorous chicks that withstand disease. You can’t afford to be without this growing feed now, any more than you could afford to be without it last winter when you proved that “if Chicken Chowder won’t make your hens lay they must be roosters.” Feed Chicken Chowder in addition to Purina Chick Feed and double your profits. For sale by leading dealers. Order from your dealer today. Checkerboard Poultry Book FREE! For co dealer's name we will send you this 48-page Pon, Book, containing plans of houses, breed- ing and feeding charts, space for daily egg eatery cures of diseases, care of baby chicks, etc. It also contains information about Col. Purina’s ha price galvanized iron Chick Drinking Fountain [2 for 25c] and more details about his Automatic Chicken Chowder Feeder [50c]. Write today. Col. Purina, Purina Mills, 829 Gratiot Street, St. Louis, Mo. HAT’S what many Southern Farmers are making. Alfalfa yields 4 to 6 crops annually. Other hay crops do pro- portionately as well. It’s the greatest dairy and livestock section of America. GOOD LAND, $15 an Acre Up Truck, poultry and fruits ofall kinds make big profits, Seventoten months growingseason. Climate very healthful. Learn the facts, ask for ‘Southern Field’’ magazine and land lists. “About Dogs” This free book will be sent for a postal request with a free sample of Austin’s Dog Bread. N.Y. picherde wanda eee Sout hern Ry. Washington,D.C. Mobile &Ohio. Ga.So.&Flaky. stin D0 G READ “About Dogs” is a pocket en- cyclopaedia of the dog, explaining his care, cure, feeding and exercise, and full of fascinating “doggy” facts. Austin’s is the oldest dog bread made in All About Poultry Keeping; = Fanciers, Farmers and Beginners should Its Profits. ransieiate POULTRY BOOR nd Cate logue written by ROBERT ESSEX well known throughout America after a QUARTER CENTURY’S experience in all branches of poultry-keeping. It tells How to Make Money with Hens, Show Birds, Eggs and Market Fowl; how to Start Right; con- tains Pictures of 30 Poultry Houses; describes America’s Largest Line of Incubators and Brooders. Write today for this Free Book. Address Nearest Office Robert Essex Incubator Co. sv nnctss st) Non verb city Greider’s Fine Catalogue and calendar of fine, pure-bred poultry for 1914. This 1 a book contains many pages of poultry facts. 7o different America and the best dog food Varieties, some shown in natural colors. All illustrated in the world. Write for both today Austin Dog Bread & Animal Food Co. 203 Marginal Street, Chelsea, Mass. and described, tells how to make hens lay, raise and care for them, all about the Famous Greider Incubators and Brooders. Shows photo of the largest poultry farm in Penn. Prices of breeding stock and eggs for hatching and sup- Plies within reach of all. A perfect guide to all poultry raisers. Send roc for this noted book on poultry. B. H. GREIDER, Box 25, Rheems, Pa. Gre en Mountain you buy only once in a lifetime if it is a “Green Mountain.’ Si 1 All woodwork below roof is dipped in pure creosote il 110S preservative. Many other points of superiority described in handsome catalog, sent free. Also ask for free booklet i in which Prof. Esten, of Conn. Agricultural College answers such questions as, “What is Silage?” “Why is it the best Cow Feed?” “Why does it keep and not Spoil in a good silo?”’ Write today for Green Mountain literature. CREAMERY PACKAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 349 West Street, Rutland, Vermont Seve, HaiMOns Ol LADDIE —A True Blue Story BY GENE STRATTON-PORTER Have Been Printed /NWTUSE, TOM) oo oc AUIS OLS) oar September, 1913 . September, 1913 . October moins eee December, 1913.. January, 1914... 150,000 27,500 25,000 29,000 21,000 23,500 26,500 302,500 More than 28,000 have been sold in England, Australia and Canada. Such a Sale Means Something It means that for the majority of American readers, this book has by far the most interesting back- ground because it deals with simple- hearted, decent, self-respecting peo- ple who are the backbone of our life to-day. Cloth, net $1.35; leather, net $1.75 Doubleday, Page & Co. Carden City, ae Nene N. B. Mrs. Porter’s books, ‘‘ Freckles,” “A Girl of the Limberlost,”’ ‘The Harvester,” “At the Foot of the Rainbow,” and ‘“‘ Laddie”’ have sold more than 2,000,000 copies. GLADIOLUS Send .30 for 5 best varieties postpaid; .40for 6 best; or .50 for 7 best. Free catalogue, and nursery stock. dahlias, phlox, iris, all kinds fruits, shrubs, M. S. PERKINS & CO., 6 Winthrop Street, Di anvers, Massachusetts. z BESTIN THE WORLD Prices Below All Others I will give a lot of new sorts free with every order J fill. Buy and test. Return if not O. K.—money refunded. Big Catalog FREE Over 700 illustrations of vegetables and flowers. Send yours and your neighbors’ addresses. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Palms in California IALIFORNIA is especially fortunate in having a climate that will allow the growing of palms. As a rule, they are very easy to care for; if the climate is congenial they need but little attention after becoming established. The best way to start is to buy young trees from the nursery; they can be secured for $1 or more per tree. If you are willing to wait and take the trouble, you may raise them from seeds, which should be planted in a warm greenhouse in March. Most of the palms give but little shade, but all are very ornamental. Several species are highly desirable for avenue trees, especially for narrow streets; only a few species grow to be more than forty feet tall. Palms are shipped with a ball of earth around the roots and this ball should not be broken when they are planted. Dig the hole large enough to give plenty of room; then set in the tree, burlap and all. Either leave the burlap around the ball just as it comes, or cut the string and let it fall to the bottom of the hole. It will soon rot and will not hinder the growth of the roots. After planting, see that the palm has plenty of water, and if the weather is very hot, it would be worth while to shade it a little during the middle of the day. Leave a dished place around the stem into which water may be poured for the first day or two. After that, entirely fill up the hole with loose soil. Perhaps the most stately of the palms is our native Washingtonia. W. robusta is the tallest; it grows to be too feet tall and is very graceful indeed, with its straight, slender trunk topped with a thick cluster of fan-like leaves. W. filifera is nearly as tall, attaining a size of 80 feet at maturity. This is, perhaps, the most characteristic palm of California. It is sometimes known as the California weeping palm. The leaves droop gracefully and resemble the fan-like leaves of robusta. It does not grow so rapidly as robusta, but develops a larger trunk, sometimes measuring four feet in diameter. W. Sonore is much hardier than the preceding; where the robusta or filifera have failed because of the cold, Sonorz is likely to succeed. It grows only about 25 feet tall. For giving the tropical appearance to a large lawn, nothing is quite so popular as the date palms (Phoenix). The spreading graceful P. Canariensis is probably the most popular. It bears edible fruit, but not the date of commerce. The fruiting date palm is P. daciylifera, a tree that grows to be roo feet tall as compared to the 40 feet of Canariensis. It is not so beautiful, but is being planted in some places for its fruit. A number have been successfully fruited near Fresno, in Sonoma County, and in other locations. It requires some time to grow an orchard of commercial value as it is necessary to have trees of both sexes and it is impossible to tell the sex until the tree is developed. The most hardy of all the palms is Chamerops excelsa, the windmill palm. It does not grow so rapidly as most others, but is a very graceful palm, attaining a height of 30 feet. It is very symmetrical and suitable for a single specimen on the lawn. For a small garden Frythea armata is especially suitable. Its foliage is a glaucous blue. It grows 40 feet tall and is very hardy. The honey palm (Jubea spectabilis) looks some- thing like Phsenix but is more spreading and is only about 20 feet tall at maturity. It is one of the haidiest. : One of the best dwarfs is the dwarf palmetto (Sabal Adansoni). It grows to be from 3 to 6 feet tall. Its foliage is a dark rich green; the flower spikes extend above the leaves for 6 or 7 feet and make the plant very attractive. Temperatures as low as 1o degrees above zero have not injured it. Two or three of the more tender palms are to be recommended for Southern California. The cocoa- nut palm (Cocos plimosus) and Corypha australis are both tender in the North but are much used in Santa Barbara and southward. The cocoanut palm is a quick grower with a smooth, slender trunk and makes a grand avenue tree. Corypha australis is one of the best of the fan palms. It must not be planted in localities subject to frost unless protected all the time. California. Joun Y. Braty. BOOKS BY FRANKLIN P. ADAMS (of the Conning Tower, N. Y. Tribune) In Other Words Let us say that Brother Adams infuses a high percentage of joyness and jocund glee into his work, and that everybody who buys the book will read it rapturously.— Chicago Evening Post. Net, $1.00 Tobogganing on Parnassus Adam’s wit is keen. There is not a serious poem in the book, nor one which fails to deliver the goods. Incisive, decisive, de- risive, delightful. The excellence of its con- tents should make “Tobogganing on Parnassus’? your favorite indoor sport.— Houston Post. Net, 50 cents Many people can not get books. If there is no book- store near you we shall be glad to send books on approval, or if you wish, mail us check includ- ing postage. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, N. Y. Dahlias Imported and home grown. The very best to be found at rea- sonable prices. All in field grown tubers. No plants sent out until wanted. Southern grown bulbs are full of vitality. One clump had eighty- three blooms, not counting buds. Six hundred varieties. Send postal for Catalog. MRS. H. A. TATE OLD Fort, N. C. BERBERIS THUNBERGII Best of all HEDGE PLANTS. $11 to $15 per 100. Catalog free. Dept. B. Our plants are first class. The Crest Nursery, GRAND, NEW D hi PRICES VERY AND STAND- LOW, SEND ARD VARIETIES a las FOR PRICE LIST Chas. W. Redding, Grower, Bournedale, Mass. 12 EVERBEARING STRAWBERRY PLANTS i REE Yes, ABSOLUTELY FREE! This is simply to introduce our wonderful Productive Strawberry Plants Produce great crops of fine, extra large, y delicious strawberries all summer and fall. Fall bearing strawberries are in great demand. Here's your chance to get 12 nice, thrifty plants, also our Three Color Catalog, FREE, Your name and ad- dress ona postal will bring them. Plants \ Sent prepaid in proper planting season. BRADLEY BROTHERS 126 Main St. Makanda, Iilinols Marcu, 1914 Piqua, Ohio Marca, 1914 JUST OUT It Happened in Egypt By C. N. and A. M. Williamson “Few writers have so well caught the atmosphere of the people and the places. They have written no better story than this, and none with so many perplexing mysteries. The whole story pulsates with life.” Boston Evening Transcript. Frontispiece. Net $1.35. The Drama League Series of Plays Kindling By Charles Kenyon “Kindling” is admirable as a work of art, but it iseven more important as asocial document. It isa sincere and sympathetic study of the emotions of the desperate poor. Moreover, it isa successful play, having been per- formed continuously for nearly three years. Illustrated. Net 75 cents. A Thousand Years Ago By Percy MacKaye A fantastic oriental comedy founded on one of the Arabian Nights tales, now playing successfully in New York. “It breathes romance and mysti- cism from all its pores. Both in its poetry and dramatic charm this is the most successful play which Percy MacKaye has shown. It’s just a fairy tale, delightfully written.” Acton Davies, N. Y. Evening Sun. Net 75 cents. Crowds Jr. By Gerald Stanley Lee You have doubtless heard of the father of this infant, ““Crowds”’ (pére). He has become one of the most famous characters in book history. “Crowds Jr.” is composed of some of the wittiest and wisest sayings of the other book which have been put into pocket form. Net 50 cents. Forest Neighbors By William Davenport Hulbert When this book was first published some ten years ago a critic said, “The account of these wild folk was written by an intimate acquaintance. The life of the woods is depicted with loving fidelity.” In it are stories of the beaver, the king trout and other animals and all are fascinatingly told. Previously issued at $1.50. Jilustrated. Net 50 cents. The Carpenter and the Rich Man By Bouck White The companion volume to “The Call of the Carpenter” and its logical successor. In the new volume Mr. White takes Christ’s own words and shows how in them He holds up the rich as the oppressors of the poor and makes them, therefore, unfit to enter the Kingdom of Heaven. It is Christ’s doctrine of wealth applied to modern conditions. Net $1.25. The Loves of Ambrose By Margaret Vandercook There was no question as to Ambrose being a unique hero — tall, homely, good-natured. There could also be no doubt as to his being ro- mantic—all the girls would vouch for that, the little orphan, Emly, Peachy and—but three wives are enough for any man. It is a Kentucky story charmingly and amusingly told. Tllustrated by Gordon Grant. Net $1.00. Thresholds of Science Series Zoology By E. Brucker Botany Authoritative scientific books for everybody. They are standard works written by an eminent authority which explain their subjects in a sim- ple, untechnical way for the average layman and are sold at a popular price. Illustrated. Net 50 cents each. Coming Mechanics By Georges Darzens By C. E. Guillaume Mathematics By C. A. Laisant Chemistry THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A Few of the Better Books - Coming from the Country Life Press of DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York during the months of January, February and March, A. D., Nineteen Fourteen The Panama Canal By Frederic J. Haskin All engineering chapters corrected by Col. Goethals. All illustrations by the official photographer of the Canal Commission. A colored map by the National Geographic Society. Mr. Haskin wrote “The American Government” of which more than 450,000 copies have been sold. This is an equally authoritative work on Panama. Jllustrated. Net $1.35. Cleek of Scotland Yard By Thomas W. Hanshew A new version of “‘set a thief to catch a thief.”” Cleek is an interesting character—now Apache—now political intriguer—now turned detective. Here we find him solving one of the strangest riddles that Scotland Yard has ever had to face. Illustrated. Net $1.25. READY MARCH 26th Penrod By Booth Tarkington Penrod’s a delightful character. In him Booth Tarkington has given us one of the subtlest interpretations of a boy’s heart ever written, with all the lovable, humorous, tragic things that are part of his make-up. Where Penrod was—adventure was not far behind. Grown-ups who have not forgotten the days when they were young will delight in Penrod and his escapades. Illustrated by Gordon Grant. Net $1.25. America and the Philippines By Carl Crow Shall the United States give the Filipinos their independence? Will we ever get out of the islands the millions of dollars that have been sunk in them? These are two of the most important questions now confronting the country and Mr. Crow’s discussion of them is of great interest and im- portance. Jilustrated. Net $2.00. Chance By Joseph Conrad By Chance Conrad means the queer haphazard way in which things happen. He shows the way its giant hand goes fumbling in the dark — and particularly how it affected the lives of Powell, those queer Fynes and the marriage of Flora, daughter of the great de Barral, and Anthony. An amazing story too human, too pathetic, too believably genuine and likable to forget. It is Conrad at his best. Net $1.35. A Son of the Ages By Stanley Waterloo Do you ever realize that man did not always know how to swim or that a boat would float? Imagine the discovery of fire! Scar descends through the ages from ape to man, and witnesses all these great dis- coveries and this is the chronicle of his adventures. Jilustrated. Net $1.25. My Garden Doctor By Frances Duncan The old family doctor is not the only one that will cure you of your ills, as this lady found. She loved her own symptoms —she also loved plants and did not know it. But one day something wakened in her a desire to care for something besides herself. Then she was cured and cured more thoroughly than any doctor could have done it. Of course there is the prescriber of the cure. Wet $1.00. That Farm By Harrison Whittingham How a successful dry goods merchant goes back to the land. He tells the story himself, how at first, he failed to make it pay because he man- aged it as other farms were managed—slip shod and without system, then how the inspiration came to him to apply business methods which brought success. An interesting and instructive story. Illustrated. Net $1.20. The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel 717 78 THE GARD ENS vA GRAS Zale Neer Marca, 1914 Romances of Modern Business HE American romance is in the large office-buildings and the marts of trade; it is the romance of great achievements in commerce, in industrial leadership. And it is a wonderful romance! The child of the world’s nations is leading them!— Arnold Bennett. CHAPTER III The Story of the “57 Varieties” Tue big clock boomed the hour of noon. Where there had been quiet among the diligent workers, there now broke a wave of conversation. The doors were flung open and into the green courtyard passed the hundreds of employees in playful mood. They made a gladsome picture—these vigorous men and women, with their buoyancy and apparent content with their lot, seeking to make the most of their midday recreation with laughter and healthful ex- ercise. A visitor to the plant with his host turned to take in the view, and then, above, beheld another sight that compelled interest. At a window, on the second floor of one of the main buildings, stood a man looking upon the scene in the courtyard with a benevolent smile. He was an elderly man, with a face subtly merging the qualities of power and tenderness. Intently he watched the employees at play. “Whose is the ‘face-at the window’?” was asked. “That,” replied the host, “is Mr. H. J. Heinz, the founder of the company.” During the forenoon, there had been unfolded to the visitor the his- tory of the “‘ House of Heinz’’— for that is the scene and subject of this story — and in it the founder of this significant industry stood out an heroic figure. A truly romantic story it was, blending the elements of sentiment and the dramatic action of big achievements. The deft hand of Arnold Bennett could make of it a romance worthy of the name. The man who stood at the window controls an industry that has a main plant at Pittsburgh occupying one hundred and sixty city lots and fourteen branch factories in different parts of the United States, with others in Canada, England, and Spain. He employs over five thousand hands in his factories alone and distributes his products through his own agencies and branch houses in all the principal nations of the world. Forty-five years ago this same man began preparing and selling food products, but under very different conditions. A small room in a house at Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, and an adjoining garden of about half an acre were the setting for the first scene of the industrial spectacle of the “House of Heinz.”” Here Mr. Heinz began his business career by rais- ing horseradish, and in the single room he put it up for the local trade. Consider this mighty transition! To the accomplishment of it there must have been brought some force besides the fineness of the products and the integrity of the business management. Mr. M.S. Achenbach, advertising manager for the H. J. Heinz Com- pany, named the third of the trinity of supports of the Heinz strong- hold when he said: “The success of the Heinz Company has been in no uncertain degree made possible by the character and extent of the company’s advertising.” It will be remembered that the vital advertising campaign which early established the ‘‘57 Varieties” in the public mind was carried on in the periodicals of national circulation. The little room and plot of garden at Sharpsburg yielded an inspira- tion; but this small foundation could not long serve the purposes of a man with the will to build a large structure. Mr. Heinz expanded his operations to fruits and vegetables. Soon he had established such a lucrative local trade that he decided the scope of Sharpsburg was too limited for his enterprise. So, in the early seventies, the Heinz plant was moved to Pittsburgh. Here again the words of Mr. Achenbach are pertinent: “The local success after the establishment of the plant in Pittsburgh was great,”’ he said; “the Heinz products found a ready market and a continuing demand. But it did not take the young manufacturer long to discover that no matter how superior his product might be, unless he spread the knowledge of that goodness to a wider territory, he should always remain a local manufacturer. So he began to advertise.”’ The founder of the ‘House of Heinz” had an ambition to create a world-wide demand for his products. In those early days, before the efficacy of high-powered advertising had been demonstrated this was re- garded asa dream. But the Heinz dream has reached a dramatic ful- filment. All this was accomplished by a broadly gauged advertising appeal. The foundation was laid through the weekly and monthly periodicals of national circulation. Later, the firm used practically every kind of medium that would make for universality of advertising. Theresponse | lifted the Heinz Company from a local Pittsburgh concern to an in- dustry of international proportions. The Heinz Company believed in the persistency of advertising, and this, with the originality of the company’s advertising ideas has had | a telling effect. Who is there not familiar with the small green-pickle trade-mark or the sign of the “57 Varieties’’? The green-pickle trade-mark was adopted soon after Mr. Heinz be- gan advertising inthe magazines. Later he saw the psychological ap- peal of a popular catch-phrase. None that came to his attention seemed just what he wanted until he noticed a sign ina New York shoe-dealer’s window. Itread: ‘Twenty styles.” “Why,” thought he, “can I not advertise the number of my pro- | ducts?”? He drew out a memorandum-book and counted the items in the list of foods manufactured by him. There were fifty-seven. “How can I word this?”’ he mused, ‘‘‘styles’ will not do for a food term; ‘kinds’ does not sound right; fifty-seven, fifty-seven—varieties!”” The _ thought came to him in a flash. And so the term, “57 Varieties,” was started on its history-making career in the food world. Mr. Achenbach has some interesting things to say about the Heinz advertising ideals. Hear him further: ‘The business of the H. J. Heinz Company is an example of the possibilities of modern commer- | cial evolution. It is simply the logical result of fitting an idea to public demand and sticking conscientiously to its purpose of fulfil- ment. “Through the national magazines we have commanded a national business. This afterward was supplemented by the results from other media of advertising. The Heinz Company feels that the magazines have been a force in developing a demand for and a confidence in Heinz products. The ethical standards of the magazines with regard | to their advertising are in harmony with our own ideals, and have | assisted us materially in creating the public confidence that we now | enjoy.” A great industrial success such as that of the H. J. Heinz Company © is another vivid illustration of the power of the magazines in working | hand-in-hand with an industry in its development. A product is | advertised in a standard magazine; that message from the manufac- | turer penetrates every section of the country, carrying with it the | accepted suggestion that the product advertised must be “right” or it would not be represented in the magazine. Such is the present-day view of magazine advertising. There is another phase of the mission of the periodical advertisement of equal importance with its ethical and commercial values. That is | its accomplishments in the field of public service. The one instance of the Heinz Company is eloquent of this. The creating of a demand for Heinz products has set new food standards; has given employ- ment to thousands of people; has made a market for the products of some thirty thousand acres of land; has conserved the food supply, and has relieved the housewives of the world of many cares. Many the woman that has blessed Heinz when an unexpected guest arrived! This is the third of a series of articles that is being published to show how magazine advertising is serving the public. MAnew, 1014 . ecient MCaAv eo E No MAG A Zell N.E "9 A New Thin Paper Edition of THE NATURE LIBRARY Is to be published—unabridged AT ABOUT ONE-THIRD FORMER PRICE E DO not exaggerate the facts when we declare that THE NEW NATURE LIBRARY is the most authoritative, complete and in every way unquestionably the greatest and most valuable work of its kind in existence. The Nature Library has been growing for ten years. Thousands of sets have been sold at prices ranging from $60.00 to $136.00 a set in the different bindings. There is a tremendous interest in Nature Study and the increased demand for the Nature Library has led us to publish this NEW THIN PAPER EDITION. = To get the maximum distribution we determined upon an eight volume set that iE can be sold at a fraction of the previous prices, and please remember that nothing has been left out. = By a series of compilations and some manufacturing skill, we have been able to offer you the = Nature Library, unabridged, formerly issued in seventeen volumes, in but eight volumns, at a = reduction of about 60% from the previous prices. E The paper which is of good quality, was manufactured abroad especially for this edition. The 2 bindings are substantial and attractive in design. You will get the same thousands of black and Bs white illustrations, the same number of pages of text; more than 400 full page color plates, and = thousands of line drawings. In addition we have added a complete cross reference index, something : that was not contained in even the most expensive editions issued heretofore. | JOHN BURROUGHS, the Naturalist, This New Thin Paper Edition of The | +e a ED an introduction to the Nature Library, Nature Library will be ready for distri- ! = which we reprint in part: . : . . = “To add - the Eee of one’s life—think how ouition Aga — Linere cure 1s Vh much that means! To add to those things that now being prepared. The Nature os make us more at home in the world; that help Library will double the pleasure (9 fecha inp guard us against ennui and stagnation; that invest you get out of country life or will Se feta Gite N.Y! the country with new interest and enticement; that iges sath Loe SO Gabon: = make every walk in the fields or woods an excursion Ee SOUCY Ne yOUL Poe Please send me= into a land of unexhausted treasures; that make the city home. We want to 4)",g"_ booklet and further = : liu rite Ge A ise baal (@) x information about the F e ee ee oe yon this bookler, — O/ an tac tee | ectation and deli 5 5 } _ tion of the } -§ E fee rod of coe like the page Bees aaa ip oe, BRE te saleeman ee a of a book, in which new and Coe pen: at bas Sa cas Oe = strange things may be read; in be no obligation fame : LC short, those things that help keep and no salesman Se Nii) ae aria eal ES = us fresh and sane and young, willl bother oe Addie SAREE A co = and make us immune to the strife and fever of the world.” yO = Ea The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 80 a ELSE: GAC DEN MarAy GAS Zi Neb Marcu, 1914 Y -THE- TALK: OF- THE - OFFICE: | “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.’’-—Antony and Cleopatra. THE COUNTRY LIFE EXHIBIT York there is what is called the Country Life Permanent Exposition, and it concerns itself with all that affects coun- try living, magazines, books, building plans, and land. You will, if you are interested, find our magazines, Country Life in America and The Garden Magazine represented in the front row, and a young man representing us to make you welcome. A: THE Grand Central Station in New A NEWLY DISCOVERED MANUSCRIPT BY FRANK NORRIS We have special interest and affection for a new book by Frank Norris, the author of “The Pit,”’ “The Octopus,” and many other good books which created a great impression when they were published. Mr. Norris became one of our staff upon his arrival in New York, where he had come from San Francisco to make his way as a literary man. For several years we had the pleasure and great help of his services in our literary department, and he was closely associ- _ us. ated with all our plans until his death in 1902. In a vague way he had told us of a full fledged novel he had written and laid away, but no trace of it was discovered when he died, and we had supposed it lost in the San Francisco fire. It now appears that this manuscript, com- plete in all details and entitled ‘““Vandover and the Brute,” was stored away ina San Fran- cisco warehouse. At the time of the fire the warehouse owners backed their drays up to the doors and carted several hundred cases, some of them marked and some of them not, out to the Presidio, where they were left in the open. Among the cases not marked was the one containing this manuscript, and only a few months ago was this packing case opened, and the value and importance of the package recognized. It was sent to Mr. Norris, his brother, and so made its way to The book is as vigorous and effective as any work ever done by Mr. Norris. It represents the gradual development of character as only Frank Norris could do it. The book will be published on April 9th unless something un- expected happens. a a LADDIE 302,000 The seventh edition of ‘“Laddie,” by Mrs. Gene Stratton-Porter, 25,000 copies, has just come off the press, making a total of 302,000 since August 17, 1913. Here is the record:— Ist edition >: s- ee eeee 150,000 and i REE 3s ov > 27,500 ard. eee 25,0CO 4th “ 2) eee 29,000 Sth “oo eee 21,000 6th “ »» aah aeeeeeee "23,500 7th “(sce 26,500 302,500 There must be something notable to make a book sell like this. It is a true picture of country living—a story of the people who built up this country, the decent, reliable, and trustworthy people of the U.S. A.—the most popular of all subjects. More than 2,000,000 of ‘“‘Freckles,” “A Girl of the Limberlost,” “The Harvester,” ‘Lad- die,” ‘“Moths of the Limberlost,” and “At the Foot of the Rainbow ” have now been sold. PARCEL POST AND BOOKS March 16th is to be an important day for us. Beginning that day the Government permits books to be put in the parcel post mail on the same basis as other merchandise. We want to do all we can to inculcate the habit of seeing new books in the hands of new readers. Some statistics which came to us recently through the efforts of the Publishers’ Coéperative Bureau indicate that 60 per cent. of the readers who take popular magazines do not havea bookstore in their towns and have difficulty in getting new books, or old ones either for that matter. The new express and mail rates should help to overcome this. For many years Doubleday, Page & Co. have willingly and gladly sent their books on ap- proval, to be paid for after examination. This privilege has not been abused. We call the special attention of our readers to a list of good books advertised on another page of this magazine. We hope you will accept the invitation there put forth. Marcu, 1914 GOSSSSSHO SPS HOS SS HGS SH SS coo — 16 Garden Boosters 13 This is a Special | Combination of Sizes Best Adapted to GENERAL PURPOSES OOSSS oo cents and made it an even $13. easily. NEW YORK, 42nd Street Bldg. SOOO S SSS OSS SSS SSS SS SSS SS = 2 CHICAGO, Rookery Bldg. fH E.G AR D EN MAGAZINE HHERE are three different sized "| tames in this combination. The sizes and number of each for the combination, were arrived at after look- ing over the orders and noting the aver- age selections made by our enthusiastic gardening friends. It was plain that two Single Row Frames, four Melon Frames, and ten Single Plant Frames, was the assortment most in demand. At regular prices they would cost $13.75 for the 16. So we dropped the 75 By shipping them “knocked down” the freight rate is brought down very low. Every part will be all ready so you can assemble them quickly and The bolt holes are all drilled, making it a very simple matter to fasten the sides and ends together with the cast iron corner pieces. The wood is cypress, painted with best grey lead and pure linseed oil. If given an occasional painting, these frames ought to last a lifetime. Single Plant Frames 1r;xX13 inches. Glass slips in grooves. The profit on them isso very small that it would not pay us to bother with less than ro at $6.25. Single Row Frames Same width but three times longer than Single Plant frames. Special removable sash. Four for $5. 1ofor $11.75. 25 for 28.50. Melon Frames Standard size 224x253. 4 for $5. Junior size 193x203. 5 for$4.40. 10 for $8.50. Junior Frames The sash for these frames is 34 inches wide and 383 inches long. The frames are 8 inches high in front and 12 inches at the back. All these frames are illustrated and described in detail in our Two P’s Booklet. You will find it fairly teeming with practical gardening suggestions. It’s the kind of booklet that you give notice to the rest of the family that if they borrow it, you want “‘it plainly understood it must be brought back and put just where they got it from.’’ Just that kind of a booklet. Send for it. Make up your frame order soon as possible. The only way to get started is to get started. Lord & Burnham Company SALES OFFICES : ROCHESTER, Granite Bldg. Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, Ill. BOSTON, Tremont Bldg. FACTORIES : Sizes and Prices Here are the sizes and prices on the six different sized frames we make PHILADELPHIA, Franklin Bank Bldg. 81 OSS LEMS (EM EMEMEVEMES G9) ZY DF SZ PD SSF) SF SF SF SY SIF Se : pn Ss Yn om ail WD Kt} DD AX AX AX G Qe) Ge) Oe AD — A AD ) ) Ie AD ADS ay) Ge iG One Sash Frame complete, $5. Two Sash Frame complete, $8. Three Sash Frame complete, $11. Four Sash Frame complete, $14. RESO Standard Frames Ge These are the kind that have been Gx in use for hot beds and cold frames, nobody knows how long. The sash are 3x6 feet and glazed with either Single or Double Lite. Depth of frame in @ front 8 inches. At back 16 inches. We Gay always have in stock 2, 3 and 4 sash Ga frames. Other lengths quickly made to order. 2 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, $13.50. 3 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, $19.50. : : 4 Sash Frame with Single Lite Sash, 24.50. For Double Lite Sash add soc to each sash. TORONTO, 12 Queen St., East SSEo SPOSeeeee Dt ee em | SSSSSSHSSSSSS SSS SSSSSSSAS SISOS Rosemary. an exquisite silvery pink. Clothilde Soupert, delicately variegated. White Hermosa, pure white, very double. Marechal Niel, a deep yellow. La France, beautiful rosy pink. Helen Gould, a rich crimson. Our 25c. Collections 6 Chrysanthemums 25e 6 Fuchsias 6 Carnations 6 Geraniums... 6 Coleus 6 Petunias... 6 Tuberoses . 12 Gladioli .. entire 9 and the 6 Roses above, making a grand collection of 72 Plants Postpaid For Only $2.00 We guarantee satisfaction and safe arrival OF Our 1914 catalog, * Floral Gems,” showin over 200 flowers in natural colors, gent FREE McGregor Bros. Co. Box 416, Springfield, Ohio The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories A WOMAN FLORIST Hardy Everblooming On their own roots, c oses ALL WILL BLOOM THIS SUMMER Sent to any address postpaid; ee guaranteed to reach you in good growing condition, GEM ROSE COLLECTION Etoile de France, Dazzling Crimson Blumensehmidt, Yellow and Pink Etoile de Lyon, Golden Yellow Bessie Brown, Delicate Blush White Bougere, Snow Wh. Mamie, Grandest Pink SPECIAL BARGAINS 6 Carnations, the ‘‘Divine Flower,” all colors, - - - - 25c. 6 Prize-Winning Chrysanthemums 25c. 6 Beautiful Coleus - - - 25C. 3 Flowering Cannas - 25c. 3 Choice Double Dahlias - - : 3 Choice Hardy Iris - - - - 25¢. to Lovely Gladioli - - - - 25¢. Io Superb Pansy Plants - - ° 25¢. 15 Pkts. Flower Seeds, all different - - - 25c. Any Five Collections for One Dollar, Post-paid. Guarantee satisfaction. Once a customer, always one. Catalog Free, MISS ELLA V. BAINES, Box 66, Springfield, Ohio Patent Applied For The Ball Seed and PlantForcer A new method in Modern Horticulture. This is just what you have been looking for. Can start out door gar- dening weeks ahead of usual time. Cheap enough to use them by the thousands. A practical complete individual , ; ; plant frame like cut as low as Se 2ic each. Will make your sugar corn, lima beans, melons, cucumbers, lettuce, cauliflower and all vegetables and flowers 2 to weeks earlier than by any other method. Protects from insects. Invented by a market gardener with 20 years’ experience. Send for my Free Booklet, How to grow Bigger, Better and Earlier crops than you ever had before, let me tell you more about this and many other wonderful new money making inventions for the garden. Only to be had from The Ball Mfg. Co. Dept. E. Glenside, Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania 82 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 | Special Advertising Offer One Dollar’s Worth of Seeds Free of Charge In order to test the value of this magazine as an adver- tising medium for our goods, we will mail to you free of charge, one dollar’s worth of vegetable or flower seeds on your first purchase of One Dollar’s worth of Vegetable or Flower Seeds. As a further inducement you may deduct ten per cent from balance of your order on Vegetable, Flower and Lawn Grass Seed. This offer holds good for one month, and pro- vided you mention The Garden Magazine when making your first purchase. Send for our illustrated catalogue which will be mailed to you free of charge. Special Offer From Our Nursery Department Fine Collection of Six Extra Strong Rose Bushes Imported from Holland One Dollar for the Entire Collection Varieties as follows:— American Beauty—Rich, rosy crimson, exquisitely shaded; too well known to need any description. Frau Karl Druschki—Snow-White, buds perfectly formed; handsomest rose grown. Mme. Caroline Testout—Bright satiny rose, with brighter center; never tires blooming. Soliel d’Or (Golden Sun)—Deep yellow, shaded with orange and red. Killarney Pink—Flesh, shaded white, buds long and pointed; grandest ever-blooming pink rose. Ulrich Brunner—Cherry-crimson, large size; the only thornless rose worth growing. On account of the size of these bushes we cannot send them by mail. Please give correct Express Address when ordering. No Nursery Stock Sent C. O. D. THE MACNIFF HORTICULTURAL CO. | FIFTY-SIX VESEY STREET (near Greenwich Street), NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate eet GAGE DE. IN Marcu, 1914 MAG AZ IN E Cover DESIGN—WISTERIA - - ea ee eee a le a Ss =) 6|6UClavence A. Purchase PAGE SHRUBS—WHy AND How To USE THEM - Elsa Rehmann 87 FicHTING Frost WITH FIRE - - - - Omar H. Sample 110 Photographs by W. S. Kimball, H. Troth and others Photograph by P. H. Troutman EFFICIENCY IN BACKYARD GARDENING, III. - - A. Kruhm o1 TRANSPLANTING INTO Frats - - - - Albert E. Wilkinson 114 Photographs by the author Photographs by the author Quatity PEACHES FOR THE Home GarDEN - J.R. Mattern 093 STERILIZING THE SOIL - - - - - - - - J.W. Griffin 116 Photographs by Mrs. William Durrand and others Photograph by the author Way Grass ts Inyurious To OrcHARDS Mande DeWitt Pearl 4 Waatto Do Now - - - - - - - - Thomas J. Steed 118 Suruss THat ARE Reatty Harpy - - - - J.A. Spencer 95 GARDEN GRODNE = 505 5 = 5 a) Ss Ia eR Sey) Sats 4 ce Photographs by the author fe A HINT FOR SELECTING Roses - - - - - H.G. Reading 122 er ele LEE PIOLEEDS Now Albert E. Wilkinson 97 GERANIUMS FOR SUMMER OR WINTER BLoom? - L.J. Doogue 126 ans by the author Photographs by the author SoME TREES AND pases mers TING pies estar es, 08 Wuicu, Earty or LATE Crops? - - - Archibald Rutledge 128 otograph by Henry Tro F GROWING ANNUALS WitH A PurposE - - - G. 4H. Sinclair 100 urorminr® Onm fens BOE Lilayciy = 5 == JOUE LAD) TS Photographs by the author Improvinc Lima BEANS - - - - - Archibald Rutledge 134 GARDENING FOR YOUNG Forks - - - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 102 WINTER SQUASH ON Poor LanD - - - - - - - -G.B. 136 Photographs by Alice V. Joyce HorRSERADISH - - - - - - - - - - - W.F. Purdue 138 é bu he READERS’ EXPERIENCE CLUB - - - - - - - - - Evie oer HAND-MADE PEACHES AND Pears - - - - £.S. Johnson 140 Sowine ANNUALS IN THE OPEN - - - - Frank L. Wright 106 Prums In My Home GaRDEN- - - - - - E.P. Powell 142 ANNUALS FOR Coton BORDERS - - - - - - - - - - 108 A Criticism - - - - - - - - - - - - J. E.W. 146 RaumAcuesmy A CLAY SOIL = = = - =~ = = = - = 108 AN ARTIFICIAL SOIL FOR PoTaToES - - - - Fred H. Hayn 146 CopyricHT, 1914, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Gongress, March 3, 1879 F. N. DousLepay, President HERBERT S. Houston, Vice-President S. A. Everitt, Treasurer RussELL DouBLEDAY, Secretary SUBSCRIPTION: For Foreign Postage : $1.50 a year Single copies, 15 cts. add 65c. For Canada add 35¢ BOBBINK. & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products Spring Planting In our 300 Acres of highly cultivated Nursery Land we are growing Nursery Products for everybody and suitable for all parts of the country. We shall be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nursery and inspect the Quality of stock we grow, or submit their lists of wants for Spring Planting. The Following Plants for Outdoor Planting, Interior and Exterior Decorations are Among Our Specialties KNIGHT & STRUCK CO. ONE MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK Roe Wejhaxe aoveral bungie’ thousand x leer ersten “ KALMIAS ae nd ose Plants that wi oom this year. rder ther Large e e are ANNOUNCE at once to avoid disappointment. 4 growing in large Gennes the first edition of their Seed and Plant Book for 1914 Flowers Exclusively This is not an ordinary catalogue but is distinct from any other literature on the subject. The kind of book that teaches successful gardening. ONE WILL BE MAILED YOU FREE UPON REQUEST ORNAMENTAL SHADE TREES AND FLOWERING SHRUBS. Many thousands can be seen growing in our Nursery. HARDY OLD-FASHIONED Er OWENS: PEONIES AND IRIS. Several acres of our Nursery are exclusively devoted to their culture. HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quan- tity of California Privet, Berberis and other Hedge Plants. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them. All are balled and burlapped and have splendid root system. BOXWOOD. We grow thousands of plants in many shapes and sizes. HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES. We grow them for every place and purpose. BAYTREES, PALMS and other plants for conservatories, interior and exterior decorations. TRAINED, DWARF AND ORDINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS. We grow these for Fruit Gardens and Orchards. PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES, ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, AND RUSTIC WORK. We manufacture all shapes and sizes. OUR WONDERFUL NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MARSH- MALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this hardy new old-fashioned flower. It is perfectly hardy and will grow everywhere. OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 25, describes the above. VISITORS take Erie R. R. to Carlton Hill, minutes’ walk to Nursery. OUR LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere With Our “World’s Choicest Nursery Products.” Rutherford, New Jersey second stop on Main Line, 3 Nurserymen, Florists and Planters The Readers’ Service gives information about investments 84 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE New Lilacs on their Own Roots Of late years theré has been a multitude of new varieties of Lilacs grown and many of them have very great beauty, but, unfortunately, almost all. the stock offered, both in this country and Europe, has been budded on privet and is practically worthless, for lilacs grown on this are certain to die in a few years. Nurserymen bud Lilacs on privet because they can produce a large stock quickly and inexpensively, but one Lilac on its own roots is worth a score of budded plants. LILAC, SOUVENIR be LOUIS SPAETH Price, Except Where Noted, $1.50 Each, $15 per Doz. Alba Grandiflora. Very large, pure white Souvenir de la Thibaut. Rosy lilac. trusses of flowers. Bertha Dammann: Pure white; very large Toussaint l’Ouverture. Dark Crimson. panicles of flowers, fine. $2, Virginite. Pure white. Charles X. Large, shining leaves and great Marca, 1914 trusses of reddish purple flowers. 50 cts. Congo. Bright wallflower red. 75 cts. Dr. Lindley. Large, compact panicles of pur- plich lilac flowers; dark red in bud; very ne. Dame Blanche. Double; white. Geant des Batailles. Bright, reddish lilac; in large trusses. Jeanne d’Arc. Double, enormous spikes, pure white flowers, large and full; buds creamy white. La Ville de Troyes. Large, purplish red flowers; fine. La Tour d'Auvergne. Double; purplish violet. Le Gaulois. Double dark red. 50 cts.; extra large plants, $1.00 Lemoinei. Rose, turning to lilac; double. Matthieu de Bombasle. Double; carmine- violet. Madame Lemoine. Superb; double; white. $1. Michael Buchner. Dwarf plant; very double; color, pale lilac. Marie Legraye. Large panicles of white flow- ers. The best white lilac. Negro, Very dark violaceous purple. President Carnot. Double; lilac tint, marked in center with white. $1. President Grevy. Double; vinous violet. Souvenir de Louis Spaeth, Most distinct and beautiful variety; trusses immense; very compact florets, very large; the color is deep purplish red. Viviand Morel. Long spikes; light bluish lilac, center white; double. Wm Robinson, Double violaceous pink. Amethystina. Very dark reddish purple. We started growing choice named Lilacs on their own roots twelve years ago and now have a very large and fine stock and the only stock in America. flowers of the double varieties are very lasting. We have the largest, three hundred varieties of the choicest Peonies, one hundred varieties of Japanese and European ‘Tree Peonies, and also the largest collection of Japanese Iris in the world and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes. Our illustrated catalogue describing these and hundreds of other Hardy Plants, Trees, These Lilacs are strikingly distinct and beautiful. The finest and most comprehensive stock of hardy plantsin America, including Rhododendrons, Azaleas and Shrubs, will be sent on request. “A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS” by J. Wilkinson Elliott, containing much information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrange- ment. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers at a very low price. Particulars on request. Elliott Nursery, 326 Fourth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions The Garden Magazine VoLumeE XIX AN EXPLANATION For the purpose of reckoning dates the latitude of New York City is taken as the standard in these Reminders. To adapt to other local- ities allow approx- imately six days’ dif- ference for every hundred miles. of latitude OU had better look through some of the catalogues to see if there isn’t something you have forgotten — such as raffia for tying, it is cheaper and better than string; a spray pump perhaps; some of the new dahlias, or perhaps some of the new chrysanthemums; some special fertilizer; plant labels; some fruit trees or bushes to fill in any spaces; __, plants for that hedge which you have been considering pes an for so long; some summer bulbs, such as montbretia or gladiolus. Check up your seed and plant orders before it gets late. There is surely some little thing forgotten. Will you grow any farm crops this summer?. Better get your seed supply at once if you haven’t already done so. It is also de- sirable to start plowing your manure under any time that the ground gets in condition for working. Any changes that are contemplated in the herbaceous border should be under way as early as possible; the earlier this is done the better. If you have not already done so, order any new perennials that you will require. When selecting new plants, do not pick out all the cheap ones; the more expensive varieties are, In most cases, worth the difference in price. Toward the end of the month, tender trees and shrubs that were protected by windbreaks, pine boughs, straw covers, etc., can have this protection removed. The leaves can now be raked up, also gathered from places where you used them as a mulch, such as rhododendron beds, bulb plantings, etc. Do not burn the leaves as they are too valu- able a fertilizer; pile them up in a heap in some out of the way corner. Ornamental plants in tubs, such as bay trees, boxwood, ever- greens, hydrangeas, etc., must be attended tonow. Any repotting that is necessary should be done at this time. Do not neglect to put plenty of leafmold in the compost for tub plants as it helps to hold moisture. Furthermore, these plants like it excepting the hydrangeas. When retubbing plants always put plenty of drain- age in the tub and pot firm. Use a pick handle to ram the soil; also char the tub inside. They will last longer. Char by pouring about one cupful of kerosene in each tub, rolling the tub around, then set fire. Keep the tub rolling to burn evenly; when suffic- iently charred up end the tub and the fire will go out at once. Better look over the summer bulbs now and see that they are all right. The place may be too warm and growth will have started. Keep them in a cooler place if this is the case. Shrubbery borders or like places that have been mulched with manure should now have it dug under. Get it in deep. Have you made provision for lima bean poles? It is a fine day’s sport; go up into the woods and gather a few. Get cedar poles if you can and when trimming leave about one inch on the branches. LANTING is in order now, and all changes which you intend to make should be made as early as possible. Do not put this off, as the earlier it is done the better success you will have. MARCH, 1914' 85 NuMBER 2 IMPORTANT DUTIES Setting out shrubs, trees, etc; working up the stock of sun- dries; hauling man- ure on to the garden; Gigging in the winter mulch; pruning fruit trees and roses (but not spring flowering shrubs generally); sowing the very early outdoor veget- ables Order at once whatever shrubs or trees you are going to use. You will get a much better selection by ordering early. Remember the four important points about plant- ing. Dig the tree or shrub as carefully as you can to preserve all roots possible; have the new location well finished, dug deep and roomy, with plenty of manure in the bottom, but not in actual ccntact with the roots; pack the soil carefully around the roots with your heel or with a tamp; and see that the plant is watered during dry weather for the first season at least. Do not allow the trees or shrubs to lie around with the roots exposed; the wind will soon dry up the young fibrous roots and kill them. Be careful not to let the roots get frozen. That is fatal. If you cannot set the plants when received, at least cover up the roots. How about some dwarf fruit trees? Don’t you think you had better have some? Is your fruit border all right, or are you going to get some of the better varieties of raspberries and blackberries? Try some of the big English gooseberries. Do not believe the man who tells you that you cannot grow them over here; you can. Now is the time to secure some good stock for grafting to some of the inferior quality fruit trees later on. This is not a Herculean task; try it this spring. Procure good healthy cuttings of good varieties and bury them in the garden for later use. Planting Shrubs, etc. The Fruit Garden To Prune Pruning is one of the big March jobs that cannot or Not to be put off until April without causing serious trouble. Prune Do not try to dodge the issue; face it with a deter- mined mind and a pair of “good” pruning shears. Pruning is very advantageous when properly performed; but it is very detrimental when poorly or ignorantly done. Do not prune anything, not even privet, until you have first determined why and how you should proceed. At this time all foliage trees and shrubs can be pruned, if nec- essary, with the possible exception of the maple which will bleed if cut now. But if it is necessary to cut the maples, they should be painted at once with waterproof roofing paint. If you have not already pruned your grape canes, do so at once. Paint the large cuts with shellac to prevent bleeding, and if this does not stop it sear the cut with a red hot iron. Young fruit trees can be pruned at this time because you are trying to form a nucleus of sturdy wood for later bearing. Trees which have reached the fruiting size had best be pruned in summer. Prune also althea, baccharis, berberis, hydrangea, roses of all kinds, privet, spirea (A. Waterer), and all fcliage trees or shrubs. Do not prune azalea, cercis, calycanthus, cytissus, cornus, halesia, deutzia, exochorda, forsythia, magnolia, lonicera, lilacs, Philadelphus, prunus, spirea (except A. Waterer), viburnum, weigela, and pyrus. Prune the climbing roses by removing all the old wood, making room for the young shoots that spring up from the bottom. The laterals can then be cut back to a couple of eyes. Remember when pruning the hybrid roses that they must be 86 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marca, 1914 cut back harshly, if you want quality roses. A couple of eyes of the previous season’s growth is plenty to leave. Tea roses do not require quite so severe a pruning. Cut off all the weak shoots and shorten the shoots to good strong wood. This is the proper time to look over and prune the vines. You can see just what you are doing now. Do not prune wisteria, akebia, clematis (Montana) and Jasminums. Any of the other flowering vines can now be pruned. While pruning, look over the trellises and see that they are in good condition. If not, they should be repaired now, or they may blow over in summer when the foliage is heavy. LITTLE effort on the rose bed now is worth a great big effort in June or July. The roses that were covered for winter protection can now have this removed; the mulch can also be dug in good and deep. If you did not have your rose bed mulched, and The Old Rose Beds Want good flowers procure some good manure and dig it in. Cow manure is preferable. Don’t forget that roses are very fond of bone. If you would give your rose bed a little at this time you will be repaid. Coarse crushed bone is the best, as it is more lasting. Scatter about one quarter of a pound to the square foot of surface before you dig the bed. Don’t worry if you cut a few roots when you are digging; for indeed in a mild degree this root pruning does good. Roses do not like loose soil. Go over your rose bed after digging and firm the soil with your feet. On light soil you can firm it with a tamp; you can loosen the top afterward with a cultivator. Gee is about the last opportunity to spray your fruit trees or any deciduous trees or shrubs for San José scale. This must be attended to before growth starts. There are a number of soluble oil preparations on the market which are very efficacious. S Do not forget that these preparations are washed off cale and " oA 6 aie . Other Pests Dy water, and so if it rains within forty-eight hours after applying the work must be done over again, as that length of time is not sufficient to smother the pests. At this time of the year the wood on the trees and shrubs takes on a freshness which makes the examination for scale much easier than at any other time of the year. Practically all trees are sub- ject to the pest, but special attention should be paid to the fruit trees as the scale is very partial to them, and good fruit is an im- possibility on scale ridden trees. [2 YOU want a good lawn this summer, now is the time to give it some attention. Go over it with an iron rake and tear out all the crab grass. It will not matter very much if you do tear up a little grass here and there; it may look ragged while you are working on it but the lawn will be much better for it during the coming summer. If manure was applied last fall this should be raked up into heaps and carted off. Use a wooden rake for this purpose and what the rake leaves behind will soon work its way down to the roots. Roll your lawn with the heaviest roller you can secure. roller is fine for the purpose, but a smaller one will do. a light roller go over it several times. If you did not apply manure last fall, use some good rertilizer now. You cannot expect a good velvety lawn without feeding. Bone meal and wood ashes in equal quantities makes a grand lawn fertilizer. Do not apply too heavy a dose; about one pound to the square rod or about one ton to the acre., and applied in several applications. New and Old Lawns A steam If you use UTTINGS of the various bedding plants should be struck at once if you want fine plants for setting out. This is now a good time to prepare for the summer campaign in the greenhouse. Don’t let it lie idle all summer; melons, chrysanthemums, gloxinias, ferns, and other equally useful crops can be grown. Canna bulbs can now be placed on the greenhouse benches and about half covered with sand when they will start, In the Greenhouse after which they can be cut up into one or two eye pieces and potted up. Better sow some primula now for next winter in the greenhouse. Dahlias should be placed in sand in a coldframe to start slowly for cuttings. GEEDS for your flower garden should now be sown in the greenhouse, hotbed, or dwelling house window. See last month’s Reminder for the way to handle “‘flats” and sow the seed. How about a few water lilies for the pond? They are easily Flower and raised from seed; sow it in pans just as you would any Vegetable other flower seed. Cover with about a quarter inch Seeds of sand, then place the pan in something where it will be just covered with water. When large enough the young plants can be potted up and handled just as you would a geranium or coleus, except that the pot should always be immersed in water. Some of the flowers and vegetables that are sown indoors do not do wellunless handled in pots, as they resent transplanting. Paper pots are excellent for such plants as cosmos, sweet peas, larkspur and lupin. In fact, the garden would be greatly improved by growing all varieties that wilt down in these paper pots which are very inexpensive. Vegetable seedlings should have been started by this time. It is not too late, however, to sow now cabbage, cauliflower, beets, carrots, celery, corn, eggplant, peppers, lettuce, tomatoes, and herbs. The cabbage, cauliflower, corn, eggplant, peppers and tomatoes will do best if handled in pots. Are you intending to make either a coldframe or hotbed? If so, start at once; if you intend buying them, get your order in at once. Do not try to drift through another season without frames. Have you placed your order yet for a few sweet potato plants? Try them this summer; they are easy to grow. Don’t forget to buy a few packets of seeds of some of the annual ornamental grasses. They are indispensable. A PIECE of ground in the garden large enough for the early sowings can be made ready toward the end of the month. Success in the garden, while having several contributory elements, centres around one point — manure. Do not forget this. Some of the hardy vegetables, such as onions and spinach, that were sown last fall and covered for the winter can now have the covering removed. Get the ground ready for early potatoes toward the end of the month. Plow it deep and harrow thoroughly. If the weather is favorable and the ground is in fair condition, a few of the early potatoes can be planted about the last few days of the month. This may seem queer, but I have done this for years and have had excellent results. If a frost comes along after the potatoes are up, the tops can be covered with a little soil. It gives a better root system to withstand dry weather. Bovee, Early Rose, Early Ohio and Queen are all good early potatoes. Always cut your seed potatoes to one eye. It is better to cut them a day or two before you intend planting and spread them out on the floor to dry. Horse radish and rhubarb can be planted now in some out of the way corner where the former can grow unrestricted. Rhubarb likes moisture; select a low spot for it if possible. The manure can now be spaded or forked under in the asparagus bed. If you like green asparagus, do not hill it up; if you prefer white stalks, throw about eight or ten inches of soil on the row. Do this when you are spading the bed. Early Vegetables be is the proper time to start a young asparagus bed. The plant is a gross feeder; trench the beds three feet deep, adding three layers of manure. Always remember when buying stock of any kind that it costs just as much to take care of inferior Asparagus kinds as it does the best. Buy good asparagus — such and varieties as Burr’s Mammoth, Conover’s Colossal, Rhubarb Palmetto and Argenteuil. Try placing a barrel over a few of the best plants of rhubarb; this will hurry the growth considerably. In fact you will have it eight to ten days earlier. This, of course, refers to old beds from which you are gathering rhubarb. Shrubs— Why And How To Use Them —By Elsa Rehmann, ,* Jersey PRACTICAL REASONS FOR THE PLANTING OF SHRUBS IN EVEN THE SMALLEST GARDENS — HOW THEY SAVE LA- BOR AND MAGNIFY RESULTS. SUGGESTIONS FOR COLOR HARMONIES AND PLANTING FOR SUCCESSION OF BLOOM Planted in masses, shrubs will give character to the garden at all times of the year. This photograph, taken in May, shows the Rouen lilac in full flower, Berberis Thunbergit beyond. The latter gives color in late fall and winter with its foliage and berries HRUBBERY plays an_ import- tant part in the planting of grounds. Shrubbery is _ planted along the foundations of our buildings so that foliage and graceful lines connect walls and ground. Driveway and path are bordered with shrubbery, some- times the overarching branches make shady tunnels, sometimes the sunny grass paths meander, first wide’ then narrow, between gardenesque shrubs. With shrub- bery we border our streams to deepen the reflection and to emphasize the play of light and shadow on the water. Shrubbery borders divide one part of the grounds from another. Shrubbery enclosures put flower gardens into restful secluded settings. Shrubbery enlivens the flower borders with harmonious color contrasts between shrub and herbaceous plant and tides over with winter interest the lapse between the last chrysanthemum and the first crocus. Shrub- bery makes foreground masses for the frame of tall trees around large open lawns. On the small place shrubs make the main boundary and lawn enclosure; they are particularly good for the small place because their size is in proportion to it. Moreover their easy cultivation helps to make good gardens where there is not the means nor the desire to care for the con- stant upkeep of flowers. We make practical use of shrubs in screening buildings. We make economic use of them when we cover banks with shrub- bery and so keep them from winter washing. With advantage can trailers and shrubbery replace grass on many slopes that are too steep for walking. The annual lawn up- keep is minimized by lessening the grass area through shrubbery plantations. For all these uses shrubbery has two excellent qualities, permanence and beauty. It also gives wealth of bloom, especially in the spring. In summer the foliage gives rest- ful green in heat and sunlight; in autumn brilliance. Color of twig and berry, which make a winter interest quite independent of the evergreens, make deciduous shrub- bery especially valuable for borders. Yellow blooming shrubs start and end the flowering season. There is a Japanese witch hazel that is seen blooming as early as January in sheltered places. Then foilow spice bush, cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), Japanese and common barberries, all the golden bells or forsythia varieties, the fra- grant sumac (Rhus aromatica). The pend- ent bells of Jasminum nudiflorum come into bloom in March and April. In May we 87 have the clear yellow and rich orange shades of the Chinese and Ghent azaleas. In May, too, golden yellow flowers hang in wisteria-like pendants on the golden chain (Laburnum vulgare). In June comes the yellow of the pea-shaped Caragana and Colutea flowers, the small rose-shaped potentillas, the coppery tones of Harison Yellow and Persian Yellow roses. In July come the light yellow flowers of the honey- suckle (Diervilla Lonicera) and the bright yellow of the St. John’s worts. Even in autumn nature is not satished with the varying yellow of the fading leaves. It must have yellow blossoms on our native witch hazel (Hamamelis Virginica). Of the white flowers the fragrant bush honeysuckle (Lonicera fragrantissima) is among the very first to bloom. I have seen it in Central Park, New York, as early as March 31. Spirea Thunbergiit and Magnolia stellata bloom in April. For a splendid early effect there is nothing better than the starry white magnolia amid the filmy green of the new leaves of other shrubs. Spirea is good at all times. In early spring it makes a color contrast with forsythia, in July its delicate foliage com- bines beautifully with the feathery rose sprays of the tamarix, in August Hypericum 88 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 aureum makes a light green foliage effect with it which is refreshing in midsummer. In late autumn it looks well with the deeper brown of barberry twigs and in winter with the rosy tipped willows. After Thunberg’s spirea and Hall’s mag- nolia comes the great pageant of white shrubs. They are especially numerous in May and June. The shad bush and the dogwoods are shining in the still almost leafless woods. White flowering dogwood and the magenta redbud tree flowers make a splendid early spring effect. The real bridal wreath (Spirea prunifolia) and the lovely pearl bush is blooming and dwarf Deutzia gracilis spreads its wealth of white flowers almost on the ground in front of them. The scattered flowers of the white kerria (Rhodotypus kerrioides) are out and the erect clusters of Spiréa sorbifolia are blooming above leaves that look like those of the mountain ash. Lonicera Morrowt and the chokeberry (Pyrus arbutifolia) are budding, the one to allow but little time before its show of red berries in July, the other to wait until the autumn has fully come before displaying its scarlet berries amid the brown steras of leafless shrubs. I have seen in June, on a steep bank be- tween the wall of a flower garden and the driveway below, white lilacs, silver bell tree (Halesia) and Van Houtte spirea blooming together. The tall trusses of the lilacs above the drooping sprays of Halesia and the small clusters of the spirea hang- ing down to the ground make a wonderful intermingled mass of white. The many varieties of Philadelphus or mock orange alone would fill the month of June. In purity of flowers and in frag- rance they rival their namesake. The old variety, Philadelphus coronarius, was one of the colonial favorites. It is seen in many an old time garden and is known under its old name of syringa. It is still one of the best of garden shrubs. Lately there have come into the market many new varieties. There is the charming Philadel- phus Falconeri; the long narrow wide- spread petals of the flowers have a delicacy which contrasts beautifully with the large foliage. Philadelphus microphyllus has very small leaves and myriads of small white flowers. Rosa spinosissima would combine well with it if delicacy of foliage texture and flower effect were sought. The Le- moine hybrids of Philadelphus are all beau- tiful and vie one with another in purity of flowers. They combine well with Deut- zia Lemoinei and parviflora. Deutzia cre- nata planted with them will intermingle its arching branches with the mock oranges. If Rosa multiflora is planted in back of mock oranges the long drooping branches full of white single roses interlace with the glossy white Philadelphus flowers. In June all the privets, cornels or bush dogwoods and viburnums are beginning to bloom. Owners of clipped hedges ought to become better acquainted with the free flow- ering, free growing privets. Regel’s privet is especially good for small gardens. Of the viburnums, the high bush cranberry (Vibur- A shrubbery screen on a narrow party line. num Opulus) is an old favorite and one of the best for all around use. The single Japanese snowball (Viburnum tomentosum) is among the most interesting for garden use. Its large flat flower clusters stand lined up in many rows on_ horizontal branches. To me it is much more effective than the double, var. plicatum, which has taken the place of our older snowball. By the fourth of July the large flowers of the elders are out. Then comes the meadow- sweet (Spirea salicifolia), later come the blossoms of the sorrel tree (Oxydendron arboreum.) Later still the creamy white flowers of the dwarf horse chestnut stand erect above the dark green palmate leaves. Think well before you plant this glorious shrub of midsummer. It is a coarse plant which spreads rapidly. It takes up much room. It comes into leafage very late which makes it look bare and wintery when almost everything else has a spring vigor of returning life in bright blossoms and in the new green of leaves. Hercules’ club (Aralia spinosa), too, has this bad habit. But by July when its wonderful spray of flowers above the large leaves give Evergreens (rhododendron) with lilacs a tropical. luxuriance this is long for- gotten. In July the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) is beginning to bloom and it lasts into September.. Clethra is bloom- ing in August. It is especially welcome as one of the few white shrubs flowering at this season. It looks particularly well with wild azaleas and bayberry with which it is associated in the woods and fields. At the end of August the common hydrangea is blooming. I believe that the main rea- son people are so fond of it is that it is the one shrub with whose name they are famil- iar. If they knew the names of other shrubs as well they would not waste so much of their favoritism on Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandiflora whose enormous white trusses overbalance every small gar- den. The single form, Hydrangea panicu- lata, is much better. There isa July bloom- ing one called H. arborescens, and the charming H. quercifolia which has pinkish white flowers and beautiful oak-shaped leaves that turn brilliant colors in the fall. Even in autumn nature likes to continue the white effects in the white berries of Marca, 1914 T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE 89 Massed shrubbery effect with foreground of trees. Cornus paniculata and in the snowy white of Symphoricarpos racemosus which has the common name of snowberry. Blue flowering shrubs are rather scarce. There is the lavender haze of yellow root in April, and the purple smoke of the smoke tree (Rhus Cotinus) in July. There is the light blue of a rather new importation, Ceanothus Gloire de Versailles, which ought to look well with hypericums. But May makes up for any scarcity in blue flowers with the wealth of Persian and common lilacs. In the single and double named varieties of the common lilacs there are all the varying shades of blue from the most delicate lavender to deepest of purple. There are a few brilliant notes of red as in the Japanese quince, rhododendron and azaleas but as a rule the shrubs content themselves with the various shades of rose and pink. Early in the season come the delicate pinkish white blossoms of the wild azaleas, the pink flowers of the flowering almond, and the charming pink forms of Japanese quince. In May come the -crabapple blossoms in shades that vary from the al- Individual specimen plants, flowering at different seasons most white flowers of Malus floribunda to the bright red of Malus atro-sanguinea. There are all the many hawthorns. From May to July the weigela or Diervilla is blooming in all shades of white, pink and red. In June come the delicate pink of wild roses. In July there is the purplish rose of tamarix and the deep rose steeples of Spirea tomentosum and Douglasi. The beautiful rose pink of fruit and foliage of the burning bush (Euonymus Americana) and the large flat fruit clusters of Viburnum cassinoides carry the pink succession into the autumn days. In gombining shrubs for borders succes- sion of bloom, color harmony, foliage effect and winter interest ought to be thought of. Succession of blooms in one color make attractive shrubbery borders. Va- riety in habit and in foliage and the diver- sity in the shades of one color quite dispel any idea of monotony. On a large place each subdivision could have a different color succession. But even on the large ‘place certain restraint should be shown in the color display. It ought to be simplified through the planting of large quantities of comparatively few varieties. Too much variety in planting is the pitfall of many owners of even small places. Forsythia, Jasminum, Laburnum and Car- agana, Kerria, flowering currants and Hypericum will give an interesting yellow succession. Groups of crabapples or haw- thorns or pink dogwood, between masses of Diervilla or Tamarix with foreground masses of Japanese quince, red flowering currant, snowberries, and wild roses would make a good pink succession. There are many shrubs whose white flowers merge into pink shades which could be used with the deeper pink ones. Pink and pure white combinations make splendid color har- monies. It is quite possible, too, to vary the color of the shrubbery from season to season or even month to month. There could be, for instance, a decided emphasis on yellow flowers in April; on blue lilacs in May; on white flowers in June; and pink ones in July. These would not be hard and fast monthly groupings for everyone knows that there are no fixed rules in nature and that the colors would merge one into another. White flowers can be used with all other colors in this color succession. White spireas will soften the yellow of Forsythia, Exochorda and Deutzia make a white group- ing with lilacs and Wisteria; Viburnums will make a white background for the pink of wild roses. In.connection with the one-color garden there are also interesting suggestions for the one-shrub garden. It is a garden in which one kind of shrub is the prominent planting. A garden in which the wilder roses would predominate would be a delight. The white memorial rose (Rosa Wichuraiana), would fall in long streamers over the walls; the prairie rose (Rosa setigera) would cover the sloping banks; Rosa blanda, lucida, mitida and Carolina would border path and roadside; Rosa multiflora intermingles its fragrant masses with the taller shrubbery; and Rosa spinosossima and the sweet briar form hedges or make the foreground plant- ing in front of dark purple or white lilacs. Succession of bloom of native azaleas would make a charming garden. The April and May bloom of the white rose-tinged wild honeysuckle (Azalea nudiflora), and the delicate pinkish white of Azalea Vaseyi, the May and June blossoms of the showy yellow, flame and red Azalea cal- endulacea, and the June and July bloom of the white rose-tinged Azalea viscosa and Azalea arborescens would make a garden | full of color. In a proper selection and ar- rangement, the native rhodora, the deep red flowered evergreen Japanese Azalea Kempferi (superior to A. amena, and the Chinese and Ghent azaleas could be added. All need the background of trees and shrubs; most of them like the soil and the shade of the woods. They have a delicacy of branching which ought to be considered in combining them with other shrubs. Azal- eas could be planted in masses under dog- wood trees or crabapples or white birches. They would look well in front of Magnolia 90 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 stellata or the ever- green of laurel or among the upright growth of Clethra and the spires of steeple bush (Spir@a iomentosum) and of meadowsweet (Spirea salicifolia). Clethra and the spireas would sup- plement with mid- summer bloom the spring varieties or make a color har- mony with the later blooming kinds. For shorter peri- ods of bloom lilacs or mock oranges would make good one-shrub gardens. Viburnums and cor- nels would also be good and be especially effective in the autumn for foliage coloring and the changing colors of their fruits. The decorative value of shrubbery in relation to the autumn and winter aspect of the garden cannot be over-emphasized. The fruits of some of the shrubs begin to ripen as early as June. The amelan- chier or shad bush gets its other name of June berry from the month in which it fruits. Eleagnus, elders and the bush honeysuckles fruit in July, and Aralia Illustrating the possibilities of a one-shrub garden; magnolias are used here with small shrubs in the foreground spinosa has wonderful masses of black berries in August. In the autumn, how- ever, comes the wealth of berries. There are all the berries of all the viburnums and cornels; there are the bright red berries of: the black alder (Ilex verticillata); the black berries of white kerria; the red of the chokeberries; the steel blue of Sym- plocos; the coral berries of Indian currant (Symphoricarpos vulgaris); the white of snowberries; and the deep reds of the haw- thorns. Some of the ber- ries fall early in the season; some (like those of the Japan- ese barberry and Regel’s privet and Rosa rugosa) are so persistent that only the vigor of new growth can push them off. Some shrubs have vivid winter color- ing of branches which is as interest- ing as the berries. Among the most conspicuous are the vivid red stems of some of the cornels. Cornus stolonifera and Cornus alba. The first named has a variety with green stems. Then there are the red twigged wild roses, the vivid green kerria stems, the strawy yellow of forsythia, the light green of Jasminum, the light brown of Van Houtte spirea and the darker barberry. Even where the color is not of startling prominence the formation of the stems gives each shrub a distinctive winter as- pect. The Japanese quince, for instance, has a complex interlacing of twigs and the lilacs have a very decorative arrangement. Used for bordering walks, shrubs in variety will give a constant charm as the year rolls on. A succession of bloom can easily be arranged APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF CULTIVATION’’ SO AS\iTO OBTAIN THE MAXI- MUM SERVICES FROM THE LAND — CROP Intensive cultivation; growing lettuce between the rows of peas beans are still young Efficiency in Backyard Gardening, III By AN. Kruhm, Ohio & ~‘ a » 4 “INTENSIVE The tomato patch can also be used as the radish bed early in the season ROTATIONS FOR THE SMALL YARD AND NLESS you firmly make up WHAT IT REALLY MEANS — HOW THE BUSY your mind to treat the gar- MAN MAY PLANT HIS GARDEN AND STILL HAVE SUCCESSION CROPS den seriously, don’t start it. Starting means that you assume duties that extend over six months. The success of every backyard garden depends primarily on these three lines of activity: I. Intelligent planning of the whole garden. II. The proper utilization of every row. III. Making the best use of limited space. The beginning of every “worth while” garden must be made on a sheet of paper. It must be planned just as an architect plans a house. Work out a general plan, expressing the broad ideas of the gardener and add extra detail plans to take care of changes made by the ruling architects, ~ Season & Weather. Every good garden I have ever seen was started with a care- fully prepared plan. A season’s work in the garden may be likened to two armies fighting for victory. In the gardener’s case, one army stands for contrary weather, blight, bugs and other foes of plant life — those are the opposing forces. The friendly forces are good soil, sunshine and rain in modera- tion, good tools and lots of enthusi- asm. Work out your plans to meet all emergencies. Planning the garden will divide the army of backyard gardeners into two camps. One side will want to lay out the garden for successive crops, digging a little and planting a little, then digging a little more and so on. It wants things to come along nicely and easily without too strenuous a start. I believe the majority of back- yard gardeners prefer this course. The others will want to “make gar- den” once for all, and be done with it. They want the ground dug or plowed on Monday, raked on Tuesday and planted on Wednesday. Both ask for the same re- turns — fresh vegetables all season — and strangely, both can be accommodated, ONCE ”’ though slightly different courses of pro- cedure are necessary in each case. LAYING OUT FOR SUCCESSIVE CROPS Take a tablet, get a rule and mark out the boundary lines of your garden. From your seed supply sort out the “‘hardiest” of your vegetables (such as radishes, let- tuce, spinach, onion sets, etc.), and mark out a section of your garden for them. Next, sort out your less hardy vegetables (beans, wrinkled peas, sweet corn, etc.). Set aside another section for these and be sure to indicate rows for each as you go along. Finally, mark up rows and hills for the ‘‘tender” vegetables (including cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, etc.). Your garden will thus stand divided in three sections. Now, for some scheming! Don’t try to plant all the available space in section one to hardy vegetables all at once! Plant a 15-foot row of each kind The working chart for my vegetable garden showing how successions are planned this week, another next week, etc., until you see an adequate supply coming on. In the meantime, remember that that part of the garden set aside for “tender” vegetables will not be utilized until the end of May. Between April 15th and the 91 “ALL AT end of May there are six weeks in which that piece of ground will grow spinach, onions and radishes to good size. If you can, therefore, get the piece, called section three, dug while you are planting section one, so much the better. Since all “tender” plants are relatively small up to June 15th, I have often grown two crops of radishes and green onions and a good crop of big head lettuce (May King) in the “‘tender” section of my garden. Another consideration: by the end of May, some rows in the “‘hardy” section will have stopped bearing and the space is available for another crop. Crop rotation in plain English is the science of never planting the same vege- table in the same row twice in succession. The reasons for this are obvious. Every vegetable extracts nourishment from the soil in form of certain elements. Each crop also seems to put into the soil some- thing that reacts against that same crop. Different vegetables require, as a rule, different elements. You can, therefore, sow radishes in a given row; pull them out and sow the row to peas; pull out the peas and plant cucumbers as a third crop in the one row in one season, and all without detriment to either crop or to the soil. But don’t follow beans by beans, lettuce by lettuce and don’t set your tomato plants on the piece of ground on which you had them last year. To do so is to invite disaster. There is just one exception to this rule — onions; these you may sow on the same piece of ground for a number of years without any detriment to the crop. And occasionally, accord- ing to local conditions tomatoes, etc., may succeed themselves for several sea- sons without apparent effect, but sooner or later — look out. My model for a plan worked out for a proper succession of crops and crop rota- tion is shown in the sketch. 92 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 Several years ago, I worked out this type of successive cropping in an experi- mental way with a piece of ground 15 x 20 ft. The vegetables which this patch yielded, almost supplied a family of three constantly and the work in that “toy garden” required only a few hours a week. Why go without fresh vegetables at that price? A garden planted as suggested, a few rows at a time, will naturally mature its products in succession. If, in addition, some judgment is exercised in the selection of proper sorts of vegetables for different seasons, there need never:be a gap in the constant supply of fresh vegetables from early spring till fall. PLANTING FOR A SUCCESSION FROM ONE PLANTING A great deal more space is required to lay out a garden along these lines. Be- sides, a thorough knowledge of the relative time of maturity of the different vegetables is essential. You must also make up your mind to put up with some vegetables of rather indifferent quality between seasons. But —it can be accomplished and here is how. When making out the seed order, select, in every kind possible, sorts of extra early, midseason and late maturity. With few exceptions, this can be done in every class and most catalogues prove dependable guides in this task. With corn, for ex- ample, select Golden Bantam for an extra early, Kendel’s Giant for a good second, and Country Gentleman as your late sort. Few classes of vegetables offer, by the way, as good a choice of real choice sorts in every class as sweet corn. If you plan for a garden with one plant- ing it will be well to refer back to the spring issues of THE GARDEN MAGa7INE for 1912 and 1913 where the reader will find articles dealing with the important vegetables, with special reference to their ‘“‘season”’ or time of maturity. It only remains to repeat the planting operations once or twice, about two weeks apart, between April 15th and May 3oth, to have a succession of crops right up to cold weather. This type of a garden is especially suitable for the man whose busi- ness takes him away from his garden for a week or two at a time. INTENSIVE CULTIVATION Garden efficiency means making every row yield as many crops as possible in the course of a season. Keeping in mind always the necessity of crop rotation. Let us assume, for example, that you plant five rows of early peas on April roth. Your selection may be Pedigree Extra Early or Little Marvel. In sixty days from date of planting their vines will have borne the bulk of the crop of pods and the vines should be promptly removed from the ground, and beets sown, selecting, say Detroit Dark Red. By the middle of July these beets will be past their prime, and what few are left, should be taken up anyway to make room for either celery, cabbage or endive plants. Another example may be cited: spin- ach, sown the last of March is followed by lettuce about May 15th, which gives place to beans by June 15th. If for example the bean be Burpee’s New Kidney Wax (maturing in 60 days from date of planting) the row is available by August 15th for fall spinach or may be let alone to bear itself out. Any number of com- binations similar to these may be worked out by the backyard gardener who will keep accurate records for a year or so. Considerable scheming is necessary to make the best use of limited space. As in all things, experience is the best teacher. One man of my acquaintance, makes a specialty of sowing the seeds of two kinds of vegetables in one row at the start. Though some experience is necessary, it is not difficult for any one to score good results by this method, if enough ‘common sense” be exercised. Combine, for in- stance, vegetable seeds of about the same coarseness, but of different character of growth and different season of maturity — spinach and carrots, for instance. The spinach will make a quick top growth at the start, breaking the crust for the more delicate carrot seedlings, when sprouting. Carrots, naturally, make a strong root growth first and so after the spinach is taken up are ready to expand their tops rapidly. It is an old rule among seasoned gar- deners always to sow a quick growing vegetable with parsley seed, which latter is of notoriously slow germination. Early radishes and mid-season lettuce go well together. To utilize properly every square foot of ground, consider the growth made by the different vegetables and so keep together vegetables with small tops. This will enable you to place your rows closer to- gether in that section of the garden. Tall vegetables, like peas, tomatoes and pole beans, should by all means be trained to stakes. This not only permits closer planting, but also facilitates cultivation and the gathering of the crops. As mentioned before, the really “tender” vegetables like tomatoes, peppers and egg- plants do not seriously shade the ground between rows 23 feet apart, until early in July. Lettuce plants set out between such rows the last week in May, will be greatly benefited by the partial shade and so make fine, large heads. Beets, lettuce, carrots, parsley and even cabbage thrive well in partly shaded positions, while beans, corn, onions, etc., require all the sunshine they can get. And never for- get the part played by good seeds. sHev my efficient backyard garden looks in early August. Note the crop rotation — celery has taken the places of beans, beets, radishes; succession corn on the left; the Swiss chard in the centre followed green onions a Quality Peaches for the Home Garden-— By J. R. Mattern, 22% SELECTING VARIETIES TO SUIT THE ACTUAL CONDITIONS AND AT THE SAME TIME TO PROVIDE FOR A SUCCESSION OF FRUIT OVER THE LONGEST SEASON HE elixir is wonderful —the rich, fragrant juice of a peach that has hung in the full sun on the tree un- til it is dead ripe. If your acquaint- ance with peaches is limited to those that have been shipped yet to meet. Beauti- ful, winey, fat-look- ing, glorious when fully grown and en- tirely colored, and just getting soft — Adam must have been an easy mark to “fall” for Eve’s apple. Yet, on second thought, such wonderfully fine peaches as we have now were developed only within the last two generations. The home fruit garden is just the place to grow peaches. There you can let them reach their best before you touch them. During the last few days before the fruits begin to get soft on the trees, the sun and wind are very busy with their chemistry, adding extra sweetness and flavor. Home- grown peaches reach your table clean of disease germs and free from the wasteful and unsightly bruises that fruit gets in ship- ping, and it is possible to grow in your gar- den certain of the finer-quality varieties that cannot be shipped at all with satisfaction. The number of peach trees you should plant depends on the needs of your family unless your garden is too small to hold even enough for this. Unlike apples, their season of use is short. If the housewife does not care to can or preserve large quantities, three or four bushels will be you have this joy , about all you can use, and this quantity of fruit will grow on three or four trees. Four-year-old peach trees should bear more than a bushel each, and when the trees are three years old they should yield a half bushel each. Some varieties, such as Mayflower, the all-over red peach, will bear a dozen or more fruits when the trees are two years old. Four trees, then, are enough for the average small garden. It is only the acre garden that should have more than this number. Twelve or fifteen trees, with their yields of eight to twenty bushels, are enough for any home, and if you plant so many you should make provision for canning or preserving upward of three hundred quarts. The South, of course, is more of a peach country than the North, and a Southern garden should contain two or three more peach.trees than a Northern garden. But peaches are not failures in the North, by any means, and even in Ontario and New Brunswick they are quite satisfactory when hardy varieties are selected and proper care taken to protect the trees in winter. Indeed, the only parts of the country where peaches can not be grown successfully in home gardens are the states of Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and Montana, and Canada to the north of them. Even in these cold sections quite a lot of fruit can be grown by laying the trees down and covering them with earth each fall. The trees at four or five years old have ten or twelve feet of limb spread, in any section, and they should not be set closer than twelve to fifteen feet. The foliage is thick enough to shade to death any plants under the trees, so plant the trees on the north or west side of your garden, along the boundary. In selecting varieties the problem is somewhat different from that with apples. Peach trees thrive in almost any soil if they are given good cultivation. Some few sorts do best in certain soils, and these preferences are indicated in the table of varieties accompanying this article. But you can grow peaches in any kind of “dirt” when you provide the all-important tillage. If you feel that you might neglect to keep the surface of the ground in a dust mulch condition, you had better choose the coarser and yellow-fleshed varieties. Success with fine-flavored varieties that home gardens ought to contain requires that the soil receive a thorough deep till- age in the spring and a raking after every rain or at least every week all summer. For the North select varieties known to be hardy, such as Belle of Georgia, Crosby and J. H. Hale. For the South you may plant any variety on the list given here, except Hiley, Crosby, Gold Drop and Kalamazoo. Mountain sections are north- ern sections to the extent of their elevation. Each five hundred feet altitude above sea level equals in effect on the trees the influence of about sixty-six miles north, and as far as fruit growing is concerned, the lowlands of Connecticut and Long Island are farther south than many points in the mountains of Virginia. Large bodies of water influence “peach climate,’ just as they do “‘apple climate,” and in this we have the explanation of the splendid success of peaches in Michigan, Ohio, New York, and the “fruit belt” of Ontario along the lake front. As a general rule late varieties reach their greatest perfec- tion on high land and in mountainous sections, while early sorts develop best in coast countries. The most important consideration is to cover the season from early to late with ripe peaches. The table given here divides the varieties into four classes. The first class begins to ripen at the forty-first degree of north latitude about the first of July, and each succeeding class begins about three weeks later. Two degrees VARIETIES OF PEACHES FOR HOME GARDENS RIPE COLOR FLESH Bureka... 5 «= First Y Yellow Carman SPSS Wee First White Mayflower... . . . First Yellow Ste] Ghniwu. ae. First Yellow Red Bird Cling . . First White Greensboro Ne oe First White Champion . . ... | Second White Alt tame: eeu second White Nidee te: Second White Second White Second Yellow Fitzgerald i Yellow Capt Eder. sae i Yellow Elberta 3 yeh .' i Yellow Reeves’ Favorite . i Stumpyoee se Crawford Late Tron Mountain Belle of Georgia Kalamazoo Crosby Fourth Yellow Gold Dro) Fourth Yellow ‘Wonderf eee Fourth White Geanysie san Fourth Yellow Chair’s Choice OO Fourth Yellow Krummel a Fie Fourth Yellow Salway Smtbmnciane Fourth Yellow Heath Cling . . . Fourth White QUALITY REMARKS SIZE ELEVATION LATITUDE Small Low South Medium South Medium North Medium South Large North Medium i North Large i North Large North Large South Medium i North Large i North Medium North Large i North Large South Large South Large i North Large South Large i North Large i North Medium North Large High North Raw Medium Low North Can Large High North Raw Large Low South Raw Large Low South Raw Large High North Raw Large Low South Raw Large High North Raw 93 Fine For central West Good Good anywhere High Red as a cherry Extra Golden color Extra Very Handsome Extra Highest quality Splendid Fine anywhere Good For central West Fine South Atlantic section Fine Any For North only Fine Any Hardy Extra High quality Fair 7 Coarse Fair Poor quality Fine High quality Fine Good anywhere Extra y Demands clay soil Extra i Penna., and South \ Fair Thrives everywhere Fair For Michigan Good Any For North only Good Any Michigan and New York Extra Heavy Hardy Finest Any Good North Fair Clay South of Virginia Extra Any Thrives anywhere Good Any N. Y. and South Extra Any Thrives anywhere 94 THE GARDE N MEA GAZA: Marcn, 1914 The peach is the one fruit for the amateur’s garden. It bears good crops in three or four years’ time north of this the same varieties will ripen three or four weeks later, and two to three degrees south of this they will ripen a month earlier. You probably have a preference for either yellow or white fleshed sorts, or you may want them both, and you should select one or two canning varieties. Choose from the list one variety of the type of peach you like from each one of the four ripening classes, and plant one tree of each sort you pick. In your home garden it is nicer to have several different varieties than all one sort. The table gives the color of the flesh. The color of the skin of nearly all peaches corresponds with that of the flesh, except for the universal red blush of greater or lesser extent and brilliancy. The coloring is less important than the flavor and tex- ture for home growing purposes. Three divisions of the varieties are enough with reference to altitude. Peaches may be at home on low-land and not on the mountain, or in mountain sections and not under low-land conditions. Or they may suc- ceed anywhere. With reference to latitude, the question is mostly one of hardiness, and the classification “north,” given some varieties means that they resist severe winters successfully. The varieties so designated, with the exception of those named in a preceding paragraph, succeed in the South just as well. When you come to buy your trees re- member that none but one-year trees will do. Two-year peach trees are a delusion and a snare. As soon as your trees are planted, cut them off fifteen or eighteen inches from the ground. If the sacrifice of big tops and fine limbs seems to be a shame to you, be assured that this is the only way of developing a tree that will yield properly, and that you can prune and spray and pick from with satisfaction. Aside from the requirement of one-year trees cut to about fifteen inches from the ground, planting peach trees is just like pianting other trees. Prune off damaged roots with a slanting cut face down, and spread out the root system in a natural circle in a big hole. Pack the dirt about the roots just as tightly as you can with your feet or a heavy maul. The use of water to help settle the ground about the roots is a good practice, but not a require- ment. If you first loosen the ground all round the spot with dynamite or by digging and then pack it solidly, growth will be almost certain. But don’t use dynamite’ in wet ground. Peach trees may beset as late as the middle of May. Why Grass is Injurious to Orchards By Maup DEW1r1tT PEARL, MAINE NY farmer permitting an orchard tc kecome grassed knows that he is doing so to the detriment of his trees. Mr. Pick- ering, the Director of the famous Woburn experi- mental fruit farm in England, in an exten- sive series of in- vestigations, has been seeking an explanation of the differences between tilled soil and grassed soil for orchard- ing. In order to test the theory that grass roots absorb moisture which would otherwise be absorbed by the roots of the trees, water was supplied to trees grown in grassed soil by means of underground pipes, yet the trees showed no improvement in their condition. Fur- ~. thermore, the fact that trees do better in tilled soil during dry years than trees grown in grassed soil during wet years shows that the theory that grass roots rob the soil of the moisture necessary for the best growth of the trees is untenable. Similarly it was shown that grass roots do not withdraw plant food from the soil. Grass roots were hindered from reaching the tree roots by placing a layer of fine gauze four inches from the surface and then supplying plant food from below, yet there was no change; neither lack of aéra- tion nor difference in temperature offered a solution to the problem. The conclusion that the investigator finally reached was this: that in grassed soil there is formed a poisonous substance, the source of which is undetermined, but which acts as a toxin to the tree roots. Grass roots were separated from tree roots by means of perforated trays. As was to be expected the trees showed the usual poor condition. The trays were then removed and the drainage from these added to the soil. Still the trees responded un- favorably. But the opposite condition prevailed if the drainage was first exposed to the air so that oxidization occurred. The trees not only showed a healthy con- dition but also an improvement over those grown in tilled soil. The same result is obtained when grass is removed from an orchard. At first the soil produces sickly trees, but if exposed to the air for a period of time it is then more fertile than soil which has been tilled for some time. Grassed soils are in many respects an- alogous to soils that have been heated or treated with antiseptics. There occurs an increase in the soluble organic matter and at the same time a toxic substance is formed. As aération takes place both the organic matter and the toxin diminish in quantity but the latter more rapidly than the former so that when the poisonous sub- stance has entirely disappeared the soil is rendered more productive by the presence of the organic material than untreated soil. Is it ripe? Don’t “try” a peach in any other way and this only gently. If it gives at the stalk end it is ripe Tamarix Amurensts is the most resistant of this family of feathery looking shrubs. Always head low as shown The common snowball (Viburnum Opulus, var. sterilis) still holds its own in trying situations Shrubs That Are Really Hardy — By JE Spencer. tec A DOZEN WELL TRIED FAVORITES THAT ENDURE THE MOST TRYING WINTER COLD—RELIABLE STANDBYS THAT ARE GOOD FOR THE BEGINNER TO USE AND THAT MAY BE SAFELY PLANTED IN ANY GARDEN by some of the leading nurseries, yet from them all one can scarcely pick more than a dozen that are thoroughly satisfactory in the cold climate of the Northwest — say in northern Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas. Really it is surprising that only a few good shrubs for present-day use in this section were absent from the gardens of 25 to 50 years ago, though many new varieties have been tried and most of them found wanting. Oe of shrubs are catalogued OLD FAVORITES The lilac is as much prized to-day as a quarter of a century ago — more so, indeed, if one were to judge by the comparative scarcity of lilacs on their own roots. There are at least three kinds that are thoroughly reliable in cold climates. These are the common purple, the common white, and the Rouen (Syringa Rothmagensis). The first two are best for cut flowers, as they do not wilt quickly when cut. Otherwise the Rouen (quite commonly called the Persian) is the best, as the quality and size of the flower clusters are amazing, while the foliage is cleaner and better than that of the common lilac. I am to-day just as much attached to the well-known garland syringa or mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius) as when I first took an interest in it ever so many years ago. It seldom or never has an “off” year, and the fragrant and beautiful white flowers appear in great profusion ‘each June. The shrub grows to a height of ro feet or more, but may be kept low and bushy by pruning; indeed, it makes a very good hedge. It is an extra good plant for a shady location, though it does even better in full sunshine. One can obtain a goodly number of plants by transplanting the seedlings that appear under and near the shrub. There are also dwarf sorts of the family that are very good, and among the newer Lemoine forms introduced from France are some with most striking flowers that will surely be- come popular in time. Another “old-fashioned” shrub not half appreciated is the bush honeysuckle (L. Tatarica). What is prettier in summer than a well-shaped bush of this shrub, covered with red berries? The foliage is clean and green even in hot, dry weather. The abundant flowers are pretty on the bush, but to really appreciate them small branches must be cut off and laid on a white table spread. Neither foliage nor flowers will wilt out of water, and the effect is beautiful. The branches should be cut just before the flowers open wide. Several excellent varieties of bush honey- suckle may be purchased, some with white flowers, others with pink. It is well to ask the nurseryman for the hardiest variety that bears the most abundant fruit. Per- haps the best is Lonicera Morrowii. Like the lilac, the bush honeysuckle needs a sunny location. MOST POPULAR SHRUBS The bridal wreath spirea (S. Van Houttet) has deservingly become the most popular shrub in many parts of the Northwest. Its branches are graceful and drooping. When in bloom the leaves are about hidden by masses of pure white flowers. Plant it anywhere and it will thrive — even close to the north wall of the house where sun- shine does not penetrate. Use it as a hedge plant, and run the hedgerow under the greedy elms, and still it does not become discouraged. Bridal wreath revels in a wet 95 season, but the driest weather will not kill it. Thus it is not surprising that bridal wreath has become so popular, and that it is almost as useful as the geranium. Even the charge that it is becoming “‘com- mon” does not seem to discourage its use. An improvement on it, however, is the newer Spirea arguta, not as well known as it should be; but it is not quite as hardy. Next to bridal wreath probably the best liked shrub is the large flowering hydrangea (H. paniculata, var. grandiflora). Flowers would be scarce in August if it were not for this showy shrub, with its large, white, flower clusters, becoming pinkish as they age and persisting into winter. It is excellent as a specimen plant, in the foreground of a mass of shrubbery, or as an ornamental hedge plant. As with the Japanese barberry, a good soaking during dry weather is essen- tial, but, unlike the barberry, an early spring pruning does it good. PLANT SHRUBS FOR THEIR BERRIES Red berries that hang on the leafless branches until spring add greatly to the winter appearance of the home grounds, especially when the ground is white with snow. Last winter I found a wonderful display of these berries hanging from clumps of highbush cranberry (Viburnum Opulus) planted about the railroad station in a little town in northern Wisconsin. It was a warm greeting on a cold day that I shall not soon forget! This tall native shrub is well named, and it revels in good -soil and a sunny location. It is the -single form of the common snowball. ; It has been said in these columns that the snowberry (Svmphoricarpos racemosus) is one of the poorest of the berry-bearing shrubs. We of the Northwest do not 96 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marca, 1914 think so. When the rainfall is de- ficient and the weather scorching hot, the snowberry always looks green and cool and graceful, and remains so until the end of the growing season. It does well in the shade and also in the sunshine. Its white fruit is borne in abundance all summer, and after such a good year’s work it can_ be pardoned for not keeping up the dis- play all winter. Some prefer the red fruited coral berry or Indian currant (S. vulgaris), which is a good little native shrub, and may be used as a low hedge plant if desired. It is a pity that the Japanese bar- berry (B. Thunbergii) is not entirely hardy in the coldest climates. In northern Iowa, where the temperature frequently falls 25 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit, and sometimes even lower, it is giving the best satisfaction of any hedge plant introduced in recent years. The Minnesota Agricul- tural Experiment Station, however, reports that it is badly damaged there in severe winters, unless given some protection. After the failures of California privet, Althea, Japanese quince, etc., in severe climates, the Japanese barberry has re- ceived an especially warm welcome. There is no month of the year when the Japanese barberry is not attractive. It is one of the earliest shrubs to start into leaf, remaining green until fall, when its foliage turns to red and rivals the sumac. Its flowers are inconspicuous, but in winter quantities of red berries hang to the branches. Little pruning is required, ex- cept to cut back the long straggling canes that occasionally appear. It does not stand drought as well as some of the larger shrubs. This barberry does not ordi- Deutzia gracilis needs protection above ground where there is no snow. It quickly re- covers if hurt however The spireas are real gems and flower in all sorts of places. Houttez is the most popular and blooms equally well in sun or shade narily grow more than about four feet high. Plants not less than four years old should be purchased. The common barberry (B. vulgaris) and the purple leaf barberry (B. vulgaris, var. purpurea) also make good hedges if well grown. They are much larger than the Japanese species. OTHER GOOD SHRUBS The red osier dogwood (Cornus stolont- fera) is an excellent native shrub that grows from 3 to 6 feet high. It bears white flowers in June, but is valued chiefly for its bright red bark in winter, which adds a most pleasing touch to the landscape. Cornus Siberica is also an excellent variety of red dogwood, and is the only one I grow. Two other splendid native shrubs are the common elder and the sumacs. They are best suited to large estates. There is nothing more beautiful than the fall display of sumac in the parks and along the country road. There are still other good native shrubs, and a list of the best varieties for any particular state may usually be obtained by writing to the Agricul- tural Experiment Station. Tamarisk (7. Amurensis) is an ex- cellent and graceful shrub that is a mass of delicate foliage and pink flow- ers in the spring. It also bears some flowers throughout the summer. It seldom or never root kills, but the ends of some branches kill back during severe winters, so that consid- erable pruning is required when the shrub starts to grow in the spring. Tamarisk requires a location on the lawn all by itself, as it does not mix S. Van well with other trees or shrubs. It grows rapidly and becomes one of the largest of all the shrubs. It will prosper in almost any location, but is especially at home on a terrace or side hill. When first planted, it is well to cut it back to within a foot of the ground. Deutzia (D. gracilis) is a very beautiful little shrub, with racemes of white flowers. In severe winters it often kills back to the ground, but it quickly outgrows the injury and is worth trying. Weigela (Diervilla rosea) bears large clusters of rose-colored flowers in June. It is a satisfactory shrub if well grown. Though not one of the “iron-clads” that defy the cold, it needs only slight protec- tion to escape injury in very severe winters. Other weigelas are too tender. One great merit of the weigelas is that they grow well and flower freely in shaded places, even under the shadows of big trees. The rugosa rose has become a great favorite in the cold northwest. This splendid shrub, unlike roses in general, requires little attention. Blanc Double de Coubert, a Rosa rugosa hybrid, has done exceptionally well in my own garden, The old mock orange or syringa (Philadelphus coronarius) has fragrance. Likes full sunshine and plenty of water yet grows in shade, too | | Ls Marca, 1914 its pure white, semi-double, fragrant flowers are borne in clusters, and are very beautiful. There are now several hybrids of this type well worth trying, for some of them have flowers that really are “roses.” PLANTING AND PRUNING It pays to have the home grounds planted under the supervision of a landscape archi- tect, who will prepare the plans for a reasonable price. There are, however, a few general rules that any one may follow TH Ee GAR D © N and obtain very creditable results. If the grounds are small use mostly dwarf kinds. Always avoid crowding, and keep the lawn open by planting only on the borders. The heaviest planting should, as a rule, be at the corners. In the background should be grouped the tall shrubs (lilac, mock orange, highbush cranberry, etc.); in front of these, varieties of medium size (bridal wreath, bush honeysuckle, red dogwood, etc.); in front, the low varieties (hy- drangea, Japanese barberry, deutzia, etc.) MOA G AZINE 97 Dig iarge holes and use good rich soil. Immediately after planting cut back each shrub at least a third. And mulch well ali newly planted stock, especially the first winter. Prune spring flowering shrubs just after they flower, and do it by cutting out at the ground line the old wood only. Shrubs that bloom in the summer (on wood that is made this season) should be pruned early in the spring before growth starts. Dead wood should be removed at any time. What To Do With the Hotbeds Now — By Albert E. Wilkinson, .2m", HE hotbed that was started last month should be giving actual returns now and all through the month of March. Radishes will mature first. If all conditions have been congenial, some roots will be ready to eat in seventeen or eighteen days from planting the seed. The entire planting should be off in twenty-five to twenty-eight days from seed planting. Proper management of the water supply is the chief factor with radishes in hotbeds; an excess of water makes the plants sappy and spindly, or (in some cases) stunted. Too little water will also cause stunting. A high temperature produces spindly, sappy growth, and if accompanied with excessive watering, few if any edible parts will be developed. Too low a temperature is not good, as it checks growth, which means a longer period for maturing. A temperature of 45 to 55 degrees F. is best. Lettuce, spinach and beets grow more slowly than radish. Still, at four weeks from seed planting there will be plants of which all the leaves can be consumed. They are really very delicious in this young stage. If heads or larger leaf growth be desired, more time must be given. Eight to ten weeks is necessary for good “heads” to form. Spinach is a rapid grower and will be ready to eat in twenty-eight to forty days from seed sowing time. Beets can. be consumed as “greens” twenty-eight days after. being planted, OMENS 2S AY eNO | 2\Fezo| @ CABBAGE O° E CABBAGE 3 [oY Gagzrez ower | 3" Z\FOrS OF iP CABBAGE cit [| aaryssens sznobzs 3° | provided that conditions for rapid develop- ment have been maintained. The entire bed can be utilized in this way, or the beet seedlings can be thinned at this time; the thinnings consumed as greens, and the re- mainder allowed to develop their roots. Six to eight weeks from seed planting will then be necessary. Carrots will also grow well under the above requirements, furnishing extra choice small roots in six to ten weeks from seed. These small roots are very delicious. Turnips are very rapid growers, small roots being obtained in five or six weeks Efficient hotbed management means getting the crop out of the bed just as soon as it is fit to eat, and make no mistake here — the small sizes are far superior to the older and larger ones. Therefore, clear off the bed at the first chance and immediately follow by another crop. ‘The soil must be inverted by digging and rendered level and fine by raking. The first cropping plan can be repeated or a new one used. If the second crop is to be ready for harvesting May tst to 15th, the planting plan must include the growing of seedlings for transplanting into the garden. Cab- bages, cauliflower, kohlrabi, tomatoes, onion seedlings, peppers, eggplants, and other vegetables, as well as all kinds of annual flowering plants, can be started at this time from seed in the beds, or they may be transplanted from a flat in which they have been grown elsewhere. They may be transplanted directly into the soil YOHLPA Br creer rst of the hotbed, allowing more room for development, or they may be placed in pots and set slightly into the soil. When pots are used, it is indeed best to remove part of the soil from the hotbed, leaving only about two to three inches under the pots. Where but one hotbed sash is available, the planting can be done as suggested in Fig. 1. The plants for the pots must have been raised elsewhere three or four weeks before transplanting into the pots; or seed may be sown directly in each pot at this time. The seeds of beets, carrots, lettuce, and radishes should be sown in the rows and covered about one half inch deep. With two hotbed sash available, one can be utilized to grow plants for trans- planting purposes, while under the other sash vegetables can be raised to maturity. If, however, it is planned to follow this planting by still further crops in the hotbed, and with a crop of cucumbers, it will be well to give over to cucumbers one half of one of the rows of pots. Sow four seeds in each pot and thin later to one plant. With four hotbed sash, a more elaborate planting scheme can be followed. One sash can be used to produce vegetable plants for transplanting. Another can be devoted to growing a variety of flowering plants for future transplanting, and two sash can be given over to the production of vegetables in variety. If cucumbers are to follow this planting as a summer crop, then one row of pots under the first sash should be devoted to them. LETTUCE LETTUCE LErTOCE ices | { pecan TOMATOES TOMATOES| |_| 1. Planting plan for one 2. Where two sash are available the space can be used as shown here sash only SPINACH SPINACH GIGlolu a he »—— ONION SETS « ——— LETTUCE & SPIVACH = SPINACH | COCKS COMB = SPINACH = SPINACH — = |} BPADISA 3. With four sash (or more) the home gardener is well equipped to raise early crops here, start tender stuff for transplanting, and start flower seeds, too ONIOIY SETS |G |G | ]o ONION SETS Ge CARROTS Glo CARROTS - COMMON NAME Silver maple Box elder Tree of Heaven Black alder European white ity *Western catalpa White ash *Sweet gum Tulip tree Buttonwood Lombardy poplar Carolina poplar HEIGHT FEET To 120 To 70 To 60 To 70 To 80 To 100 To 120 To 140 To 150) To 80 To 50 To 75 Some Trees and Trying Sites If you have a difficult condition to face in planting your garden these following lists will help. They are not offered as finalities, but rather as guides to help toward a reasonable solution of everyday problems. RAPID GROWING TREES FOR QUICK RESULTS CHARACTER FOLIAGE FORM De=Weerduous FLOWERS FRUIT E—Evergreen Wide, spreading D Greenish, yellow Winged Spreading D Before leaves 2 Winged Loose, spreading D Greenish. Staminate, ill smelling Slender D Catkins Small cones Upright, slender D Tall, graceful D White. June Long pods Pyramidal, broad D Symmetrical, D rounded Pyramidal D Greenish yellow, large. Z June Broad, low D Odd, rough, globular Tall, slender, cylin- D drical Straight, narrow, D pyramidal * Not wholly hardy in North. SELECTED SHRUBS FOR SHADED SITUATIONS CHARACTER Fall COMMON NAME penere FOLIAGE FORM D—Deciduous E—Evergreen Acanthopanax 5-10 Arching D Azalea 2-8 Various D and E Mahonia 3-6 Stiff, branchy E Barberry 3) Dense, bushy D Ox 2-10 Dense, rounded E *Carolina allspice 3-6 Erect D New Jersey tea 3 Erect, branching D Pepper bush 3-10 Bushy D Dogwood To8 Spreading D Red bark Dogwood To to | Erect D Red bark Dogwood —15 Erect D Gray bark Deutzia 2-7 Spreading, erect D Golden hell To to | Erect D *Balls of snow 4-10 Erect D St. John’s wort 3-4 Dense, stiff D Red bark Mountain laurel 4-10 Erect E Privet 2-20 Erect, dense D Bush honeysuckle 4-10 Upright D Stagger bush 2-4 Arching D *Rhododendron 2-8 Branching, woody E Rhodora 1-3 Bushy D White kerria 3-6 Branching D Sumac 3-8 Spreading D Smoke bush To 12 | Stiff, spreading D Mountain currant Low Trailing D Swamp rose 3-8 Dense, upright D Spring Flowering raspberry| 3-6 Spreading D Common elder 5-12 Shrubby D Spirea To to | Graceful, arching D Snowberry 2-6 Spreading D but per- sistent Snowball, arrow- 8-20 Upright, spreading D wood, etc. tree form, etc. FLOWERS FRUIT Shrubs for SCIENTIFIC OR TRADE NAME Acer saccharinum Acer Negundo, vars. Ailanthus glandulosa Alnus glutinosa Betula alba Catalpa speciosa Fraxinus alba Liquidambar styracifolia Liriodendron tulipifera Platanus orientalis Populus nigra, var. Ttalica Populus deltoides, var. Carolinensis SCIENTIFIC OR TRADE NAME Inconspicuous Black Various. April—July Yellow, small. May Blue, persistent Yellow, small. May Red. All winter Brown, sweet. June White, loose. July White, showy. June White. May : White White. May Bluish White. May White. Red stems White to pink. May Yellow, profuse, before leaves White. June-July Scattered, yellow. July-Aug. | Red Pinkish white. May Clusters, white, sweet. June Delicate, pink. June Coral Pink, white, long clusters. April Pink, large Rose-purple. April, May Large, white. May Yellow clusters before leaves Loose, purple, fluffy Yellowish green c Pink. July Purple, rose-like. Shiny black Large red berry Scarlet edible berry Conspicuous red hips June Flat, dense masses, white. Purple une Profuse, white, fragrant . June Loose clusters, pink. July White, many Large, white. May, June Red to black Acanthopanax pentaphyllum Azalea sp. Berberis Aquifolium Berberis vulgaris, and Thunbergii Buxus sempervirens Calycanthus floridus Ceanothus Americanus Clethra alnifolia Cornus stolonifera Cornus alba Cornus candidissima Deutzia sp. : Forsythia viridissima or intermedia Hydrangea arborescens Hypericum aureum Kalmia latifolia Ligustrum sp. Lonicera Tatarica Pieris Mariana Rhododendron sp. Rhodora (Azalea) Canadensis Rhodotypos kerrioides Rhus Canadensis Rhus Cotinus Ribes alpinum Rosa Carolina Rubus odoratus Sambucus Canadensis Spirea arguta, Van Houttei, etc. Symphoricarpos racemosus Viburnum, several sp. * Not entirely hardy in North UT ll I | COUT Ens SUNITA TITTY = | TREES AND SHRUBS FOR SEASHORE PLANTING CHARACTER HEIGHT FOLIAGE : COMMON NAME aa FORM ae Mecdtions FLOWERS FRUIT SCIENTIFIC OR TRADE NAME : E—Evergreen : parE NATL }} *Groundsel tree 3-12 Angular D Large, white panicles, Sept. | Filmy, white tassels Baccharis halmifolia iH Japan quince 3-6 Dense, branching D Bright red. Early spring Large, hard, green Cydonia Japonica tl Japanese euony- To 8 | Upright E Greenish white. June Pink Euonymus Japonicus ] mus Hh Rose of Sharon 6-12 Upright, branching D Various forms and colors Hibiscus Syriacus il *Sea buckthorn 2-20 Straggly D Yellowish clusters. May Yellow, acid berries Hippophaé rhamnoides Hydrangea To 30 | Dense, globose D Large, showy, white. Aug. Hydrangea sp. } Inkberry 2-8 Branched, upright E Small. June Black Ilex glabra | *American holly Tree Spreading E Scarlet Ilex opaca *Red cedar Tree | Slender, conical E Small cones Juniperus Virginiana 1 Privet To8 Dense D White, fragrant. June Ligustrum sp. ; } Buttonwood Tree Broad, low | D White, fragrant. June Odd, round, rough Platanus orientalis } Poplar Tree | Slender, upright D Catkins Populus sp. iH Pine Tree | Various E . Cones Pinus Austrica, Mughus and sylvestris Sand cherry 5-8 Straggly D Small, white. Early Purple, black Prunus pumila | *Beach plum 4-12 Straggly, dense D Small, inconspicuous Purple, edible Prunus maritima | Oak Tree Broad, sturdy D Quercus sp. iI} Rugosa rose To6 Bushy, dense D Pink and white. Handsome | Large red hips Rosa rugosa all summer Tamarisk To 15 | Spreading, slender, D Loose, pink panicles. May Tamarix sp. Can be removed, * Best for nearest the ocean TREES AND SHRUBS FOR MOIST SOILS AND DAMP SITUATIONS CHARACTER *Not hardy in North COMMON NAME Toes FOLIAGE SCIENTIFIC OR TRADE NAME an FORM D—Deciduous FLOWERS FRUIT | E—Evergreen f Balsam fir Tree Tree, conical E Purple cones Abies balsamea Silver fir Tree Conical E Green to purple Abies Picea Red maple Tree Spreading D Scarlet, small Red winged Acer rubrum *Alder 3-50 | Trees and shrub D Small cones Alnus sp. Spice bush 6-15 Upright D after flowers} Yellow. March Crimson Benzoin odoriferum Red birch Tree Slender, graceful D ; Cones Betula nigra Button bush 3-12 Tall growing D Globular, yellowish. July Cephalanthus occidentalis Leather leaf I-3 Spreading E Small, bell-shaped, white Chamedaphne calyculata *Pepper bush 3-10 Bushy D White, showy. July Clethra alnifolia *Bush dogwoods 3-10 Erect D dark colored) White to pink. May Colored berries Cornus sp. Witch hazel 6-20 Bushy D Small, yellow. Oct. Explosive pods Hamamelis Virginiana European larch Tree Pyramidal D Small cones Larix decidua {Sweet gum Tree Rounded, symmetri- | D Liquidambar styractfolia ca Austrian pine Tree | Broadly ovate E Rigid Cones Pinus Laricio, var. Austriaca *Willow Tree Dense, brushy D Yellow catkins. March Salix sp. Elder 5-12 Shrubby D Flat clusters, white. June Purple, edible Sambucus sp. Red chokeberry 6-12 Upright D White, red tinged. April Red clusters Sorbus arbutifolia Spirea 4 Upright D Loose, pink clusters. June Spirea Japonica Hardhack 2-4 Upright D Pink toupee Narrow Spirea tomentosa panicles Bald cypress Tree Narrow pyramidal D Taxodium distichum American Tree Compact E Fragrant Thuya occidentalis arborvite ; Hemlock Tree Pyramidal E Small cones Tsuga Canadensis *Best for swamps tNot hardy in North TREES AND SHRUBS FOR DRY SHALLOW SOILS CHARACTER | CONN ey erGHn FOLIAGE SCIENTIFIC OR TRADE NAME aan FORM D=Deschers FLOWERS FRUIT E—Evergreen Box elder Tree Spreading D Winged seeds Acer Negundo - Acanthopanax 5-10 Arching D Inconspicuous Black Acanthopanax pentaphyllum Hardy buddleia 3-6 Branching D Purple. June Buddleia Lindleyana *Catalpa Tree Erect, slender D Large, white panicles. June | Long, slender pods Catalpa sp. New Jersey tea Low Trailing Half E Short white clusters. June Ceanothus Fendleri Kentucky coffee Tree Graceful, narrow D White racemes. July Large, brown pods Gymnocladus Canadensis tree pyramidal Hydrangea To 30 | Dense, globose D Large, showy white. Aug. Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandi- ora Red cedar Tree Conical, narrow E Violet berries Juniperus Virginiana Privet 4-8 Dense, bushy D White panicles, fragrant. Ligustrum sp. uly Honeysuckle 3-6 Spreading Half E wae pink, fragrant. Scarlet berries Lonicera Standishi Apri Mulberry Tree Round head or D Edible, sweet purple Motus sp. weeping berry Mock orange 4-10 Upright D Dense, white, fragrant Philadelphus coronarius racemes, June Spruce Tree Pyramidal E Short z Cones Picea sp. needles Scotch pine Tree Pyramidal to round | E Stiff Pinus sylvestris Bull pine Tree Tall, spreading E Pinus ponderosa Fragrant sumac 3-8 Spreading D Yellow before leaves Red clusters Rhus Canadensis Black locust Tree Tall, straggly D Long, white, fragrant ra- Twisted black pods Robinia Pseudacacia cemes. May Spirea 2-12 Various D White to pink Spirza sp. Lilac 4-10 Branching D pie white to purple. Syringa sp. une Chaste tree 3-10 Tree form D Purple. July Vitex Agnus-castus Ce a QT $9 = Arclotis grandis is a good all around annual, lasting un- til after the first frosts ANY gardeners hold annuals rather in contempt as asking too much work for one season’s dis- play. Perennial plants should, of course, be mainly used in building a garden “for keeps”; but to the maker of a new garden, to the frequent mover who can have only a temporary garden, to one who must cover large spaces cheaply, for the main display in children’s gardens, for brightness on public playgrounds, to fill in the perennial garden where perennials failed, to sow over bulbs for summer and fall bloom, and for flowers to cut by arm- fuls, annuals are the things. Annuals would be oftener used and better loved if more was known about them. So few people, comparatively, know which annuals grow easiest, which should be planted first, which give the most flowers for the least care, what to plant for early bloom or late, or anything about their preferences as to soil and moisture. Before choosing your bright packets of annual seed, whether many or few, decide whether you are to grow annuals for garden show or to cut or both. Because some of the best flowers for the house are not showy in the garden while others are excellent in both places. Consider whether you have rich heavy soil or sandy soil, much water for plants or none at all. Decide upon tall plants for the back of your planting, medium size for the middle and low growers at the edge. Above all, apply to your planting of annuals the same taste you apply to dress. You wouldn’t wear a red waist with a blue skirt, purple sash and yellow hat, though each garment were beautiful of itself? Then why plant red, blue, purple, and yellow flowers together, though each is. lovely? A garden or border of one color is most satisfying. Suppose, this summer, you have only pink and red annu- als, with white. Another year grow yellow and blue together, with white. At least plant these combinations where your eyes will not compass both plantings at the same time. Another secret from the book of experi- ence —the fewer kinds of annuals you grow in a season and the bigger spaces you fill with each kind, the richer your flowers will look and the easier your work will be. Last summer I saw a city tenant yard that had always been a garbage heap, made lovely with four annuals. A short walk divided the little back yard in halves. In the middle of one grassless plot which had to be all covered, was a huge clump of crimson feathered cockscomb, surrounded by a four-foot plat of sweet alyssum. The plat across the walk had also its great wide circle of sweet alyssum with red four o’clocks in the middle. The yard was tiny and insignificant but the effect was neither. Breadth, rest, taste, were the ideas that struck one with stunning force at sight of these flowers in this grimy place, so strong was the treatment compared to the usual bloomy hash made with annuals. Like any other flowers, annuals look enough better in front of vines to pay for growing vines where one can; and annuals look better and are easier to growin borders than inshaped beds. ANNUAL VINES Morning Glories Wild Cucumbers Gourds Japanese Hops Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos) Scarlet Runners Sweet Peas Cobcea Scandens The gourds are best for quick, thick screens. Morning glories, cucumbers, and Growing Annuals With a Purpose Be By G. H. Sinclair, ‘sm | i THE SURE WAY TO GET THE GREATEST RETURNS FROM THESE EASILY GROWN FLOWERS IS TO SELECT THOSE THAT ARE EMINENTLY FITTED TO THE PARTICULAR SOIL AND LOCATION —LISTS THAT WILL GUIDE THE BEGINNER Japanese hops will seed themselves for another year. These hops do not trans- plant well but grow fast. Hyacinth bean makes fair shade and has white, extremely fragrant flowers. ANNUALS FOR DRY, SUNNY PLACES Nasturtiums Marigolds Portulaca Kochia Coreopsis Godetia Poppies California Poppies Alyssum Bachelor’s Buttons Petunias Larkspurs. If a place you want covered is so hot and dry you can scarcely bear your hand — on it, portulaca will carpet it with a blaze of glory. Sow portulaca after the ground is thoroughly warm and do not try to transplant it. Never transplant poppies, either. plant —a two-foot, fine-foliaged, tree- looking affair that turns red in the fall. It is fine for dividing lines or clumps in borders. BEST ANNUALS FOR CUT FLOWERS Asters Lavatera Centaurea Stocks Annual Pinks Coreopsis Cosmos Petunias Euphorbia Drummond’s Phlox Arctotis grandis Sweet Peas Zinnias Dahlias Dahlias are raised from seed so freely now as to be reckoned annuals. Cactus and decorative types are best for garden and house. The seed should be started in the house in March with cosmos and asters. Arctotis grandis or African Daisy is rather new and very valuable. The flowers are large, the centres blue, with petals blue outside, white inside. Eu- phorbia is green and white, about three feet, valuable to mix in vases with bright flowers. feathery leaves for green with flowers. Annual pinks are useful for garden fragrance and also for cutting 100 Kochia is called Mexican fire Grow a row of carrots to use the Marcu, 1914 BEST ANNUALS FOR GARDEN SHOW Cockscomb Marigolds Cosmos Asters Petunias California Poppies Four o’Clocks Zinnias Drummond’s Phlox Coreopsis Lavatera Lavatera ought to be better known. It is a shell pink annual mallow with many blossoms, like small single hollyhocks, to each stalk and many stalks to the plant It grows four feet in rich, heavy soil, two feet in light soil. BEST ANNUALS FOR LIGHT, SANDY SOIL Bachelor’s Buttons Nasturtiums (Centaurea) California Poppies Mignonette Lupines Godetias Shirley Poppies Marigolds Drummond’s Phlox Petunias BEST ANNUALS FOR HALF SHADE Salvias Balsams Pansies Annual Chrysanthe- Drummond’s Phlox mums Snapdragons Euphorbia (Snow on Stocks the Mountain) These are sun plants, of course. All an- nuals are, because their season is short. But, in partial shade, these have been found to bloom better than any other annuals. Salvia is as brilliant on the north side of the house as on the south side. FLOWERS FOR FRAGRANCE Sweet Alyssum Sweet Peas Mignonette Verbenas Stocks Four o’Clocks Hyacinth Bean Nicotiana It is wise to plant nicotiana with cosmos or dahlias, or close to shrubs or vines, rather than conspicuously by itself as it is not pretty by day. But toward night its wonderfully scented lily-cups open and scatter fragrance afar. Nicotiana and four o’clocks are especially delightful planted near a garden swing or seat or the porch that is most used in the evening. The PHO E GAR D EN lovely night flying moths attracted by their fragrance are one of their greatest charms. ANNUAL EDGERS Waldersee Asters Portulaca Sweet Alyssum. Dwarf Ageratum Brown Marigold Candytuft Marguerite Carnations Dwarf Nasturtiums Lobelia Dwarf French Marigold Most of us would rather pay ten cents extra for seed than transplant tiny seedlings half a day —or be disappointed. There- fore sow annual edgers thick and thin them when they begin to crowd. Candy- tuft, mignonette, sweet alyssum and portu- laca do not transplant well. Waldersee asters make the cutest edgings! Only about eight inches high, flowers only about one inch across, the plants make large mounds of bloom that are a joy to the one who likes something different. A hundred flowers at a time on one plant is not at all unusual. These are most suitable for the front of a late blooming border, as they do not bloom till the last of July. FOR BACKGROUNDS AND DIVIDING LINES Sunflowers Dahlias Castor Beans Fancy Grasses Job’s Tears Sweet Peas Cosmos Kochia Castor beans and sunflowers will shut out and shut in, the best of any annuals. A suitable background doubles the value of even the smallest planting. Job’s tears has broad leaves, a little like sorghum, and heads of pretty pearly seeds, each with a hole in it. The children love to string the seeds and wear them at play. Those who care for garden appearance should plant more fancy grasses. Pennisetum longistylum is the one with greenish white heads and P. Rupellianum (purple fountain grass) the lovely reddish one that we see so much in parks. Set them in clumps to break up long lines, at the bend of paths, at the corners of beds, to hide the lower stalks of sunflowers, cosmos and nicotiana In a pink and white border: Lavatera, four o’clock and sweet alyssum MAGAZINE 101 Masses of few kinds are far more effective than spots of many kinds or of shrubs — there are dozens of places for grasses besides the canna bed. ANNUALS FOR LATE BLOOM Salvia . Drummond’s Phlox Asters Stocks Calendula Cosmos Arctotis grandis Dahlias All of these bloom bravely after the more tender ones have given up but Arctotis grandis is bravest of all. The flowers in the photograph were picked in November after even the perennials had stopped flowering, except hardy chrysanthemums. All those in the above list except dahlias can be potted when in full bloom, if un- frosted, and will open their buds and make more for weeks in a cool room. Salvia, stocks, phlox and calendula will bloom all winter if their flowers are cut. So will snapdragons, petunias and verbena. TO BE SOWN EARLY Alyssum Kochia Poppies Morning Glories Bachelor’s Buttons Wild Cucumbers Lupines Gourds Coreopsis Sweet Peas Arctotis grandis Japanese Hops Larkspurs Sunflowers Lavatera California Poppies Marigolds Zinnias These should go into the ground at the earliest possible minute — as soon as it can be worked. Plant gourd seeds on their edges to prevent rotting. Fall sowing will bring success with this list nine times in ten and give flowers two weeks sooner than ordinary spring sowing. Lists of annuals selected for color bor- ders will be found on page 108. Red beds or borders are the most showy and striking of any color —and will be most popular when their possibilities are understood. They should have plenty of white to tone them down so they are not hot looking in summer. Blue flowers should grow with quantities of white to show off well, and touches of yellow for effective contrast. ~GARDENIN FOR co| YOUNG FOLKS Work of the Month E THE garden plot, or the yard, is rocky or sandy it will require special kinds of seeds. In rocky places try candytuft, clarkia, baby’s breath, nasturtium, portulaca and columbine. Godetia, sunflower, zinnia, portulaca, nasturtium, and poppy-mallow seeds may be used in the sandy soil. Cobea vines start very well from seed and grow rapidly. The seeds are large; notice the spot, or living germ, in each one. Set the seeds up on edge so that the pointed end of the germ is down. These may be started now indoors in paper pots. When the ground is warm and mellow, place the cobea plants, pots and all, in the ground. Next fall cut back the vine, pot up, and bring indoors. These plants will blossom during the winter. The coldframe is almost a necessity if one raises many seedlings for the garden. After the seedlings have a good start indoors, put them in the cold- frame. On warm days the sash should be lifted. Directions were given in THE GarpDEN MaGa- ZINE last month for the construction of a frame such as a boy would need and could make by himself. Spring is the time to plant young evergreens because then there is a long, pleasant season ahead, in which time the tree accustoms itself to new quarters and conditions. Add to different pots of garden soil manure, nitrate of soda, bone meal and wood ashes. Plant grass, oats or wheat in these. Do the different fertilizers stimulate plant growth over that ob- served in the plants started in ordinary, unfer- tilized garden soil? Be very careful to use only a very little fertilizer; a grain or two of nitrate of soda will do. In starting a garden for children it is well to begin rather simply unless there is plenty of money for the work. If the garden is a school one, let it be a part of each grade’s work. Even though the space be small all the children can have a share in it. The older boys and girls might take the arithmetic end of the proposition; estimate the size of the individual plots, make large charts of the whole garden for each class room and later mark off the garden. Another class could take for its share the preparation of the soil; fertilizing, spading, making fine the soil ready for the children. If rotten manure is to be used, take all there is available spreading it two or more inches thick over the plot. If chemical fertilizers must be used give this formula to the class so they can estimate the amount to buy: Multiply the length of the garden in yards by its width in yards; multiply this result by 2,000 (the number of pounds of fertilizer to use on an acre); point off four places to the left; multiply by two and the answer will be the number of pounds needed for your garden. For example, suppose the space is 20 yds. X 5 yds.; then the work goes thus: 20 X 5=100; 100 X 2000= 200,000; point off, 20, multiply by 2=40. So 4o pounds of fertilizer are needed. Another class might represent the Department of Agriculture, sending to Washington for seeds, distributing them to classes and incidentally study- ing about the plants and plant families used. Backyard gardening really should be the ultimate goal of all garden work. It ought to go back home. The easiest way to start this phase of work is through the schools. Distributing and selling penny packets of seed are not sufficient. The chil- dren purchasing seed need simple lessons given to them on preparation of the soil, planting, trans- planting and cultivating their little plots. If a school has a space no larger than 5 x ro ft., even so all these lessons can be demonstrated on this little spot. If there is no one to give the lessons, try a local florist. These gentlemen would be willing to give a little time; or ask the School Garden Committee of the Society of American’ Florists CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW Be to suggest some local florist who might aid you. In fact, work in all the talent of your community. The pictures on the next page show the pro- gress, step by step, in a school garden. This garden is in Portland, Ore., under the care of Miss Alice Joyce. Weekly Calendar for March Ist week (2-7). Plant sweet peas out in garden if ground is well prepared and weather open. If not wait awhile. It is time to start rockeries and ferneries. Seeds of cauliflower, cabbage and pepper may be started. Sow scarlet runner bean seed, morning glory and other vine seeds in flats ready to go out in the open later. Continue to prick out and transplant seedlings. 2d week (9-14). Set the coldframe. Look in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE where instructions are given for setting it. Estimate the amount of fertil- izer needed on your garden. Look up the subject of fertilizers in THE GarDEN Macazine. Plan the color schemes for your flower beds. Lists for this _work are given in “Gardens and Their Meaning,” by Dora Williams, published by Ginn & Co. 3d week (16-21). Pansies and violas may be planted outdoors. Uncover the outdoor bulb beds, if weather is fine. Evergreen shrubs may be planted and ivy vines, too. Try an experiment this year in the inoculation of soils. Send to your nearest experiment station for literature on this subject; also put in your order for the inoculated soil. Try some soil tests to, show the effect of different plant foods on crops. 4th week (23-28). Sow sweet peas outdoors. Radish and lettuce seed may be put into the cold- frame. On warm days give the seedlings in flats and pots plenty of fresh outdoor air. The pots of tomato seedlings may be set out in the coldframe. When weather permits have garden spot plowed or . spaded, fertilized, and harrowed. Results in New York City pee Rockefeller Garden was maintained by the New York City Branch of the National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild on a plot of ground 200 feet wide and 175 feet deep, adjoining the Rockefeller Institute at 66th Street and Avenue A. The ground has been loaned to the Guild by Mr. Rockefeller two years in succession and its general effect on the betterment of the atmosphere in the entire neighborhood has been marked. In 1912 the Guild maintained 84 plots; in 1913, 120 plots of 5 x 10 ft. with 3-foot cross paths and 6-foot centre paths, were maintained. Each child was required to have one row of flowers in addition to five varieties of vegetables. Weekly distributions of the flowers were made to the sick of the neighbor- hood by the children themselves. In the centre of the garden a pool 15 feet in diameter was filled with fish and turtles as well as with aquatic plants. This is the first water garden ever maintained in children’s garden in this city and was a source of never failing interest to the small people. From the 120 plots and the observation plots planted at the sides, the following crops were gathered: 11,940 radishes; 3,470 beets: 930 heads of lettuce; 6 bushels beans; 1,360 carrots; 210 ears corn; 2,540 bunches flowers. KATHARINE PAUL. Exec. Sec’y., N. Y. Branch. An Oregon School Garden | Ry eee the year of 1913, a new era was de- veloped in the history of the Woodlawn School Garden. In the beginning of the year, the princi- pal, teachers, parents, and janitor began the plans of a successful garden and the spirit of enthusiasm was heartily endorsed by the pupils. 162 To have a better garden than the one of 1912 (which already had won a national reputation) was not the chief aim, but to apply new plans and profiting by former mistakes, add new experiments, seemed to be the stimulus which resulted in a decision from the throngs who visited it, that its improvement had been marvelous. The boys of the Manual Training Department constructed a fence on the north, west, and south sides. The east side, bordering the Vancouver car line, was not enclosed, so that the view of the garden might be appreciated by the many passengers who daily passed on the cars. Each teacher was given a section where each pupil in her room might have an individual plot, the primary grades 5 x 8 ft., the intermediate and grammar grades a plot 8x10 ft. There were 585 individual gardens. The oth grade introduced experiments with fertilizers. A plot was planted in rows of spinach, lettuce, beets, potatoes, cauliflower, and cabbage, crossing rows in which were placed lime, nitrate, phosphate, potash, and an absence of fertilizer, to demonstrate the result of each upon the stalk, root, and leaf growth of the plants. The 8th grade planted and cared for the north side of the garden which was planted in sweet peas and castor beans. The 7th grade the west side, which was devoted to 172 different varieties of dahlias, cosmos, Shirley poppies and pinks. The girls of the 7th and 6th grades collected plants for an ‘‘old-fashioned flower garden” where the plants which older persons enjoy might be appreciated. : The boys of the 5th and 6th grades took great interest in their industrial garden where sixty varieties of grains, lentils and forage plants were carefully planted, labeled, and their growth studied. The harvested grains were stored as material for class study during the winter terms of school. A collection of seeds was made and carefully labeled for class room study. The ‘‘exchange garden” proved valuable. When a pupil thinned the individual plot, the surplus plants were transplanted or carefully “stored” in the ‘exchange garden,” and any one bringing plants there might take some which were desired, and by special permission from the principal or teachers, many plants were distributed from it when pupils had none to exchange. This proved a valuable demonstration of practical economy, as many plants which otherwise might have been destroyed were taken to the home gardens of the pupils. The 4th grades cared for the plot on the west side of the entrance, which was planted in canter- bury bells, bordered with coleus and pansies. The plot on the east side of the entrance was planted in petunias, bordered with purple lobelia. The 2d and 3d grades planted three of the garden sections in dahlias — seventy-two choice varieties —and were happy when awarded a first prize for a school collection at the annual dahlia show. The rst grades were happy in a pansy border along both sides of the main path through their section. On the last day of school, the garden was used as a place for a reception to the many visitors who attended the “‘Pet Show,” where benches for the various pets had been arranged on the east side of the garden. Theré were no prizes offered by the members of the Woodlawn Advisory Committee. The desire to excel was a loyalty to their school. The principal and teachers are pleased to say that no money was needed for supervision. The work was done volun- tarily during hours not assigned as school hours. The Woodlawn School Garden’s improvements are as follows: 1912. Soil. Virgin soil, contain- ing many roots of Oregon grape and fern (plowed Marcu, 1914 AE 118, In early spring prepare soil and mark off garden plots Midsummer in the garden — a time of real delight once). 1913: Oregon grape entirely removed and quantity of ferns greatly diminished. Many gardens spaded as often as seven times and soil in excellent condition. 1912. Boundaries. Nothing attempted with outer edges. 1913: A substantial fence built by boys of Manual Training Department, enclosing three sides. North side decorated with castor bean plants and sweet peas. The west side decor- ated with sunflowers, dahlias, cosmos, poppies, and dianthus pinks. The south side bordering on Bryant Avenue, a well cared for path. 1912. Industrial Garden. Size 32 x 1o ft. Grains only. 1913: Size, 20x24 ft., planted in sixty varieties of plants, each representing some leading industry, including grains, forage plants, legumes, fibres, and root plants. Cared for until matured growth and harvested for class study during the new school year. 1913. Variety Garden. Had more varieties of vegetables. 1913. Central Design. Better growth of flowers and cared for until frost. Afforded a mass of bloom. Portland, Ore. ALICE V. JOYCE. Secretary, School Gardens. [The accompanying six pictures show the season’ progress of the Woodlawn School Garden — Ed.] GARDEN MAGAZINE Constant cultivation and thinning of seedlings is the next stage Use side strips and large areas for community plots of fibre plants, food stuffs, etc. 104 {[Epriror’s Note.—We want to know how suc- cessful workers do things in order to put actual experiences before the thousands of our readers in all parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con- tribute a short note on some interesting experience. Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you have actually worked out yourself or have seen.| When Planting Seed Plant aster seed in the open ground as soon as the soil is in good working con- dition. Then lay thin pieces of, board over them until they germinate. This will prevent the soil from crusting over and the seedlings will come through in a much better condition. I have also suc- cessfully tried this with other plants.— S. M. A., Minnesota. Second Crop Cabbages When the early cabbage is matured and ready for eating, which is usually in July, do not pull up the stump and throw it away. And do not cut it off down near the root. Cut off the head well up, leaving several of the large leaves on the stalk, which will become delicious tender little cabbages for use later on. They will be quite large and solid if only three are al- lowed to mature on each stump.— R. E. H., Michigan. A Long=Nosed Watering Pot There are occasions when a long-nosed watering pot is needed in watering plants that stand back of plants upon shelves. A long tin, or galvanized iron, tubing of sufficient diameter to fit over the spout of an ordinary watering pot, may be had for a few cents from any tinsmith; or an excellent substitute is a piece of worn and discarded bathroom hose about eighteen inches long. Slip this over the watering pot nose, and stiffen it along its length by a strip of wood tied to the pipe with twine at intervals. The rubber hose will bend downward at its free end, and this slight curve will somewhat relieve that awkward higher raising of the heavy pot which is required when a stiff, straight, metal nose piece is used.— I. W. B., Connecticut. A Pea Worth Growing I particularly enjoyed Mr. Kruhm’s article on “The Best Ten Peas for the Home” in the March, 1913, GARDEN MacazineE; and I should like very much to add another pea to his collection, with- out which, in my opinion, no garden can supply the highest pleasure in vegetables. I mean the variety listed, often with lu- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE dicrous misspelling, as Petits Pois. The vine is of a distinct color, different from any other I have ever seen, a fine pale green, always as fresh and clean as if a shower had just passed. The pods are thin and the peas are very small though plentiful in number. They should be picked when very tender and young, when the grower of the ordinary pea will think they are barely forming. And they must be cooked with great care or they will quickly become a mere paste. The gardener will laugh at you for picking such tiny things, and the cook will insist it is a waste of her valuable time to shell such green stuff; but your guest will admit that at last he knows what is the Platonic idea of a pea, and will eagerly ask when next he may come again and feast upon a dream!— W. F. H., Massachusetts. Another Record Boston Fern In the April, 1913, number of THE GaRDEN MacGazineE was an illustration of a very large Boston fern. I, too, have one of about the same age (eleven or twelve years) which measures seven feet from the floor to the top frond and the same distance across. It has been turned so frequently that it is equally beautiful on all sides. In winter it is kept in a bay window with a southern exposure, and in summer it is put in the northwest corner of the porch close to the house. About once a month I use one teaspoonful of ammonia in a quart of water when watering. The fern is in a 14-inch pot and has not been shifted for six years. Isn’t this a record-breaking plant? — O. B. C., Michigan. Rose-Entwined Clothes Posts In our backyard, our clothes posts seemed a blemish, so we planted rambler roses around them. We dug up.a circle two feet in diameter around the base of the posts and fertilized the soil well. All common red Ramblers, or all Dorothy Perkins, are beautiful; or if you wish variety, plant one each of pink, cream, white and crimson. Train them about the posts, keeping them close to it so that the branches may not interfere with the legitimate mission of the posts and clothes- line, and after blooming each year, cut back the old wood unsparingly, that new vigorous growth may be made for the coming season. Try this method of ““clothes-yard landscape gardening” next year, and see if your family does not vote it a success.— F. S., Massachusetts. Sure Death for Asparagus Beetles Early last spring I prepared a trench 75 feet long, in which I planted two-year old asparagus roots. They grew rapidly but it was not long until the asparagus beetle found them. I did not discover the presence of the beetles until many of the larve had hatched out and were rapidly defoliating the plants. I had no poison at hand the day the presence of the beetles and larvee was discovered but a passing automobile, leaving a cloud of dust in its wake, gave me an idea. Seizing Marcn, 1914 an old bucket, I filled it with fine dust and gave the plants a complete dusting, being careful to spread it on very liberally where the larvee were at work. The next day, when in town, I secured poison, but I was not obliged to use it, for when I inspected the plants not a beetle or larva was to be found. I was thus unable to diagnose the case but am of the opinion that the larve suffered such a severe attack of acute indigestion and discomfort following the external coating of fine dust, as well as the internal coating, that they were glad to quit the premises. My asparagus was never bothered” thereatter:— V-) Keusee Pennsylvania. Engage A Spider In fighting the tiny black flea beetles on tomatoes, eggplants and seedling dahlias, when the young plants are first set out into the garden, the owner of the plants would be wise to engage the services of one or two active and enterprising spiders per plant. The spiders will come to stay, provided a double handful of dried (not newly cut) lawn clippings be laid about the - base of the plant to sustain a web and serve for cover. To a certain extent, lice and white fly are also kept under by this excellent and desirable tenant of the premises.— E. S. J., Pennsylvania. Some Rare Iris About six years ago, after reading “The Book of the Iris” by R. Irwin Lynch (which should be owned by every one who is in- terested in rare iris), I sent over to Holland for about twenty-seven sorts of Oncocyclus, Juno and Regelia bulbs. I carefully fol- lowed the directions for growing and flow- ered nineteen kiids. I planted the bulbs in a coldframe, and although I followed directions as to ripening off, etc., they all disappeared. They cost a lot but some of the flowers were wonderful.—F. H. P., New Jersey. A Rose ‘‘Novelty?” In my collection of roses I found last year that from a lot of Rosa spinosissima, single, white and pink, one of the white plants produced double flowers. I have looked over the catalogues of the best rose growers of America, England, France, and Germany, and find no double R. spin- osissima listed. I therefore assume this one plant to be a sport. The flowers are about as double as Harison Yellow, show- ing the stamens in the centre and three rows of petals around them. The flower is very symmetrical and pretty.—R. J., Missouri. —As far back as ever I can recollect I have seen double and semi-double forms of the Scotch rose in both pink and white, and I am sure they can be obtained from nurseries in the usual way. Nichol- son, in his ‘‘ Dictionary of Gardening,” gives one semi-double white form under the name of Rosa spimosissima, var. argentea. This plant was previously figured under the name of Rosa hispida argentea in The Botanical Magazine, tab. 1570. I do not recall that these double forms of the Scotch rose have ever been given any distinguishing garden names, but that they commonly exist I am per- fectly sure; indeed I find them offered in one for- eign catalogue.—LEONARD BARRON. Marcu, 1914 HENDERSON’S rr? COLLECTIONS | SAVE TIME IN SELECTING THE GARDEN MAGAZINE VEGETABLE SEEDS HENDERSON’S Vesetable Gardens are carefully arranged to yield a continuous supply of the highest quality vegetables and salads throughout the season. The three collections offered below are about as large as gardens indicated by their titles generally require. We offer them much lower than our regular prices because we are able to put them up in quantities, before our busy season commences. Even if some varieties are included which the purchaser cannot use, it will still pay to buy them. They save time in selecting. They save money. The “COUNTRY GENTLEMAN ” Collection | Price $5.00 or Delivered Freein U. S. for $6.00 | Consists altogether of 6 quarts, 5 pints, 15 ounces and 23 packets of our well known strains of vegetable seeds, the quantities of each variety being such as our experience shows the average country gentlemen’s family requires. It includes Bush Snap Beans (3 varieties), Pole Snap Beans, Bush Lima Beans, Pole Lima Beans, Beets, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage (2 varieties), Carrot (2 varieties), Cauliflower, Celery (2 varieties), Sweet Corn (3 varieties), Cucumber, Endive, Kale, Kohl- Rabi, Leeks, Lettuce (3 varieties), Musk Melon (2 varieties), Water- melon, Okra, Onion (2 varieties), Parsley, Parsnip, Peas (3 varieties), Pumpkin, Radish (2 varieties), Salsify, Spinach, Squash (2 varieties). The space required for the garden is 82x120 feet or about 14 acre. The “SUBURBAN GARDEN” Collection | Price $2.50 or Delivered Free in U. S. for $3.00 | is arranged for the space usually allotted to vegetables on a suburban plot. It consists of 5 pints, 2 ounces and 24 packets of Vegetable Seeds of the same quality as those enumerated above, sufficient to place on the table a bountiful supply of fresh vegetables and salads. The size of this garden is 33 x50 feet. The “CITY GARDEN?” Collection Price $1.00 or Free by Mail for $1.25 Contains 1 packet each of 20 distinct varieties enumerated above. It is arranged for a back yard garden, size of plot required being 20 x 40 feet. With every collection we send the HENDERSON GARDEN PLANS which show very plainly and in complete detail just how and when to plant the seeds, and also full instructions as to culture and subsequent care. With every order we also enclose our catalogue “EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN” for 1914 The best and most complete seed catalogue in existence. It is a book of 208 pages and contains 14 colored plates and about 800 illustrations direct from photographs showing actual results from Henderson’s seeds and plants. Or we will send the catalogue alone on receipt of to cts. in stamps or silver (to cover cost of mailing) and include at the same time a collec- tion of Henderson’s Specialties in seeds (6 varieties) in a coupon envelope, which when emptied and returned is accepted as 25 cts. cash payment on any order amounting to one dollar or-over. PETER HENDERSON & CO. 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York, N. Y. SAVE MONEY IN es war aX ser! Send for our illustrated booklet—‘ Proof of The Pudding”’. Psylla, Leaf Roller, etc., without injury to the trees. Write today for this FREE book and also our booklet—‘‘Spraying Simplified.” THE GARDEN Garden Full The GLADIOLI is one of the most : / satisfactory flowers grown because it blooms continuously when it is cut and put in water just as well as when in the ground. There is no reason why every family cannot enjoy this grand flower, for the simple reason that it is as easy to grow as the potato. You can have them in bloom from July to frost if you plant a few bulbs each month from April to July. y For only ONE DOLLAR we will send , 75 BULBS of our GRAND PRIZE -» MIXTURE, which covers every conceiv- able shade in the Gladioli kingdom. Last year we sold 150,000 of the bulbs and have received hundreds of testimonials as to their merits. Order Your Bulbs Now so as to have them to plant when you begin making your garden. The culture of Gladioli is asimple one; bulbs may be inserted in the ground with a trowel, about four inches deep and one to two feet apart, being careful to rake over the ground with a small weeder, after the bulbs have started to grow, so as to keep it from becoming hard or cakey. This will insure splendid blooms. Write or call at our store, mention “Garden Magazine,’ and secure this splendid collection of Gladioli Bulbs for only $1.00, prepaid to your home, any- where in the United States, with our 1914 Catalogue. Siam Suhre 30-32 Barclay Street NEW YORK One Barrel of “Scaiecide” Eeyi ao MoD, Trees as Three Barrels of isa a Lime Sulfur ae oy “*Scalecide” has ak a y Ereater iavigorting efeet 1 LIME’ LIME LIME on your orchard—kills more scale, eggs and larvae of insects with half the labor to SULFUR SULFUR SULFUR apply. We can back up this statement with facts ——— ee —S concerning the Good Results trom Using *SCALECIDE”’ Tells how ‘‘Scalecide’’ will Sree destroy San Jose and Cottony Maple Scale, Pear Our Service Department can furnish everything you need for the orchard at prices which save you money. Tell us your needs. We are World Distributors for WREELAND’S “ELECTRO” SPRAY CHEMICALS and Arsenate of Lead Povader (33 per cent), which, used wet or dry, has no equal in strength or texture. Avoid imitations. B. G. PRATT CO., M’f’g Chemists Dept. I 50 Church Street, New York City The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories Maat GA 7 sien Ee Marcu, 1914 Tre \NAWAL FLOWERS Sowing Annuals in the Open HEN reading instructions about sowing and raising annuals under glass not a few ama- teurs are apt to imagine that they cannot be suc- cessfully sown and raised in the open ground, and consequently those who have no glass at their dis- posal refrain from growing them or else deem it necessary to purchase the plants. But practically all annuals can be sown and raised in the open. Generally speaking, they are used for two pur- poses, the filling of beds and the filling of blank spaces in borders. In the latter case it is usually advisable to sow the seeds where the plants are to flower, thinning out the seedlings as soon as they are large enough to handle. The seeds of, the majority of annual flowers are very small, and to sow them in the open border with only ordinary | preparations is, in most cases, a sure road to fail- ure. In the majority of flower borders, the soil is none too friable, especially where it is heavy, and ~ the following method should be adopted. Mix a barrowful of good soil similar to that used for filling seed boxes (two parts good loam and one part sand), with a good sprinkling of leaf soil if the latter is procurable, to form a good mixture. Pass this through a half-inch meshed sieve. Then, with a spade, scoop out the original soil of the border, where it is desired to sow the annuals, to a depth of two inches and fill in the depression thus made . with the prepared soil. Make this fairly frm and sow the seeds thinly on the surface, covering them very slightly in the case of tiny seeds and deeper in the case of comparatively large ones. Water with a fine rosed can; should dry weather prevail afterward, water each patch as often as may be deemed necessary, never allowing the soil to, be- come very dry and using a fine rosed can for! the . purpose. It is when the seeds have just sprouted and before the tiny root has grown enough to penetrate the soil, that serious damage from drought results. Where beds are to be filled, it will frequently happen that at the time when the seed is to be sown the beds in question will be occupied by other __ plants, and the seed therefore cannot be sown ~ where the plants are to flower. This is where a reserve bed or two in some open, yet inconspicuous part of the garden will be useful. Place on this reserve bed a 2-inch or 3-inch layer of the soil mixture advised above, and in this sow the seeds. When the seedlings appear, instead of thinning them out early, lift them carefully with a fork as soon as they have made a few true leaves, watering them well one evening and lifting them the next. Then into another bed of prepared soil prick out the seedlings 2 inches to 3 inches apart in the row. and allow a distance of 6 inches between each row. Water well with a fine rosed can, and if the weather is sunny shade for a few days with paper or cheese cloth. By adopting this system the plants will soon make a mass of fibrous roots and will prove most useful for filling beds and making good any blanks in the border. Of course, they will be later than those sown and raised under glass, but in many gardens this is an advantage rather than otherwise. The following is a list of annuals most suitable for filling in spaces in the border — Antirrhinum, asters, marigold, petunia, Phlox Drummonait, poppy, salpiglossis, stocks, verbena, candytuft, sweet alyssum. If you have a space under a group of trees where the shade is not too dense try snap- dragon, evening primrose, foxgloves, primrose, marigolds and cornflowers. - New York. FRANK L. WRIGHT. Marcu, 1914 rE eGeak D Hon aM AG A Z TN E 107 MICHELL’s EVERBLOOMING BUTTERFLY BusH | A wonderful new shrub. Perfectly hardy. Bears every year a wealth of beautiful This wonderful hardy shrub, i _claret-colored flowers, of rare fragrance — like the blending of lilac and heliotrope. which should be in every i garden, is shown in nat- ural size and color in MICHELL’S | Seed Book sent free on request. | A single plant, the first season, While in bloom, a single plant perfumes | will throw as many as fiftyflow- 8 whole garden until severe frost eer spik eeilag ger in some cases a Draws the butterflies from all ie around. : than those illustrated . . “here. Ready after April ee , * Strong young plants, 34 which will bloom 4a ‘first season, 50c 224 pages profusely illus- trated. Many cuts in nat- ural colors. Crammed full of helpful information on every gardening activity from | flower-garden and lawn to | vegetable-garden and poultry | yard. ae _ Till frost comes, the ene (post paid. ) Solves your garden problems — : —tells what to plant, when to — plant, and how to plant. Includes” Al he latest novelties —- but none that © iled to prove their merit. 0 get best results, wi HENRY F. MICHELL CO. 520 Market St., Philadelphia Please send after April 15 & plants of Everblooming on Butterfly Bush, for which I enclose (in check, stamps, or money order). Please send your Seed Book FREE. Name Address City and State Write to the Readers’ Service for suggestions abou! garden furniture T HE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 Annuals for Color Borders HE use of flowers of one color or, at all events, of two or three colors that are related, will give more pleasing effects than an indiscriminate jumble of everything. The following lists, selected by color, include the most easily grown annuals and should be read in connection with the article on page 100. White should always be employed to lighten up or to tone down other colors. A great variety of effect can be had by following a color rotation, so to speak, and if white is used as a dominant note one year, it is quite easy to have a six-year rotation, each term of which will be quite strongly characterized. Red Celosia plumosa - Drummond’s phlox Cosmos Nasturtiums Scarlet runners Asters Sweet peas Mignonette Poppies Kochia Salvia Godetia Zinnias Pinks Stocks Balsams Jerusalem cherry Portulaca Pink Morning glories Lupines Cosmos Godetia Dahlias Lavatera Sweet peas Asters Zinnias Pinks Stocks Bachelor’s buttons e e e Poppies Snapdragons Harry Lauder singing to himself Petunias Balsams A Drummond’s phlox Portulaca : They adore me when I’ve got my trousers 4 on, but they love me in my kilt”. Blue “Rob Roy MacIntosh” — Victor Record No. 70004. j When the famous Scotch comedian wants to “hear him- Re clone. eae self as ithers hear him’”’, he becomes his own audience of one Ageratum Nigella | before the Victrola Bachelor’s buttons Lupine ae : 2 3 F Asters Stocks And he hears himself just as his vast audiences hear him Brachycome Verbena all over the world, just as thousands hear him on the Victor Yellow in their own homes, just as you too can hear him. Sunflowers Zinnias Hearing Harry Lauder on the Victrola is really hearing Gaulanstas Manele ibe : een A ; Annual chrysanthemums Stocks im in person—his elightful droll Scottish dialect and Sweet Sultans Drummond’s phlox humorous personality are all there in Victor Records, and Eclesiayplumosa9 (eo Nie e feed iF ike Tk Poke ; aise eas plume) Portulaca auder himself has pronounced them “simply ‘to the life’”’. Coreopsis ; Any waster gealce in any city in the world will gladly White play any of the 39 Lauder records, or Victor Records by Caayil i : : , Mae Nicotiana Poppies such other well-known artists as Christie MacDonald, aces Matricaria (feverfew) Blanche Ring, Elsie Janis, Al Jolson, Montgomery & Stone, Nat Wills, Nora Bayes, Robert Hilliard, George M. Hyacinth bean Drummond’s phlox Cohan Wild cucumber Lupines 2 : F ; : hila There are Victors and Victrolas in great variety of puget Peds Gypeee styles from $10 to $200. ee a Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S.A. Four o’clocks Bachelor’s buttons Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors Candytuft Alyssum “HIS MASTERS VOICE” REG. U.S. PAT OFF. it bi . ae New Victor Records demonstrated at all dealers on the 28th of ‘each month Coal Ashes in a Clay Soil LEASE give me some advice about putting fine coalashes on garden soil. The tendency of my soil seems to be to cake; it doubtless contains quite a good deal of clay. I have no wood ashes. New York. J. T.R. —Coal ashes will be of great help in lightening your garden soil. We would advise the use of coarse ashes rather than fine ones. A dressing of lime will help to modify the caking tendencies of the clay soil. Apply the lime at the rate of twenty bushels to the acre. Your soil probably stands in need of humus and this can be provided for by sowing rye whenever the ground is vacant and turning it under later on in the season or in the early spring. Crimson clover can also be used with good effect. A good way to do this is to sow a cover crop of the rye or clover early in the fall and let it grow until the late fall or early spring, and then turn it under in the spring when the garden work begins. Two or three years of this will wonderfully improve the texture of your soil. My! What Large, Luscious Strawberries That’s what they'll exclaim and then quickly buy —ata good price — all such de- licious berries you can produce. It pays to raise large, beautiful true-to-name standard varieties of deliciously flavored berries such as ALLEN’S Strawberry Plants Yield So Heavily Your success is assured if you start right with ALLEN’S hardy, prolific, correctly grown berry plants. All the early and Iate strains of standard varieties for every soil and climate require- ment. Over 1zo acres devoted to strawberry culture alone at the ALLEN Nurseries, 29 years successful experience growing berry plants of the best quality. Shipments Prompt and Guaranteed in Good Condition ALLEN’S plants are carefully selected and packed for shipment. They are fresh and guaran- teed true-to-name. You will be sure of a good strawberry bed if you set Allen’s plants this spring. Send for ALLEN’S 1914 Book of Berries It’s full of valuable information to fruit growers. Lists and describes Allen's complete line of Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, Grapes, Asparagus, etc. Tells how to grow small fruit profitably. A copy will be sent FREE. Write today. W. F. ALLEN, 54 Market Street, Salisbury, Md. The Readers? Service will give information about latest automobile accessories mMarcu, 1914 Sih ie a UE as By Richard Harding Davis q@ Breaking Into the Movies How a great picture-play is produced. ‘The way ‘Soldiers of Fortune’? was put on the films at Santiago. Illustrated. By Howard Crosby Butler @Sardis and the American Excavations The wonderful discoveries in this ancient Lydian city. Illustrated. By Madame Waddington q My First Years as a Frenchwoman III. M. Waddington as Prime Minister, 1879. qq Tougourt—North Africa and the Desert By George E. Woodberry Pen pictures of the Desert. q@ The Appeal of the Winter Landscape By Birée Harrison inv the Bield- or Art’ “Illustrated from paintings. ThE Ges k D EN MAGAZINE MARCH mto>N ER q With the Navy Three spirited paintings by Henry Reuterdahl, reproduced in colors. Stories q The Féte of M’sieur Bob By Mary R. S. Andrews Author of ‘“The Perfect Tribute.’’ of the woods. qThe Bravest Son By Mary Synon The story cf a hero of the North country. q Experience By Gordon Hall Gerould A romantic episode in the career of Peter Sanders, retired gambler. q The Ghost on the Stairs By Mrs. W. K. Clifford @ The Stuff That Dreams are Made On By Gerald Chittenden q Cormac O’Brien, Piper By Amanda Mathews An Irish story. A story $3.00 a year; 25 cents a number CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY From the Baltimore American “In the magazine field SCRIBNER’S has so uniformly sustained the high standards for varied and thoroughly * popular articles and stories of the kind that interest the greatest number of persons that the announcement of the publishers for the coming year is remarkable, not because of the merit of the programme, but for its superior excellence, even for Scribner’s. “There is no figure of such’ world inclusiveness either in sympathies or undertaking as that of Theodore Roosevelt. adventure of a range that cannot be forecast. His travels through the South American countries will be marked by contributions to research and It is enough to believe that the recital will have even more vivid interest than the matchless depictions of his adventures in Africa.” The Readers’ Service will give information about autemobiles 109 More than twenty years ago Biltmore Nursery was established upon a small scale as a sort of ex- periment. It was believed, from the nature of the wild flowers in the mountains of Western North Carolina, where the Nursery is located, that the scientific cultivation of plants would prove suc- cessful. Experts in floriculture were sccured to begin the undertaking. Ample room was provided for the growth of the nursery in the event the experiment proved successful. Little was said about the venture at the time. The first season or two demonstrated that the region possessed wonderful advantages. In half a dozen years a few flower-wise people began in- quiring for plants and trees grown at Biltmore Nursery. Of late years it has required great fields of spreading acres to grow the product. And the demand for Biltmore Nursery stock increases every year — just as more and more people come to un- derstand the sturdiness and beauty of the plants and flowers grown away up there in the mountain ranges of the state. Success Has Not Begotten Carelessness Indeed, with the many years of good reputation behind it, the institution is more careful than ever to see to it that every specimen is perfect before it is shipped. Great pains are taken in handling, packing and shipping, and discretion is shown in filling orders regardless of their size. If one should order trees or plants from Biltmore Nursery for a region in which such varieties would not prosper, the order would not be filled. If one should describe his home or premises, and ask Biltmore Nursery for plants and trees suitable for such a place, the order would be placed in the hands of an expert who could tell exactly what should be planted upon such an estate and the customer would be assisted in making a selection of the specimens best suited to this location. These Biltmore Nursery Books are Full of Planting Facts To aid planters in selecting suitable trees, shrubs and plants Biltmore Nursery has published a series of valuable books. They are too expensive for general distribution, but if you contemplate planting soon, a copy will be sent free if you tell us what plants you are interested in. “BrrtmorE Nursery CATAtoc.” A guide to the cultivated plants of North America. 1096 pages, 212 illustrations. “(FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS.”’ Beautiful Biltmore speci- mens described and pictured in a helpful way. 64 pages. “HARDY GARDEN FLowers.”’ Full descriptions and complete pictures of perennial plants and their uses. 64 pages. BILTMORE NURSERY BOX 1732 “Tue Iris Catatoc.” Magnificent flowers shown in all the colors of nature. A fascinating book. 16 pages. “ Bittmore Rose Boox.”’ Hundreds of illustrations, many in natural colors. The only book of its kind in the world. Write today for the book you need and tell us of your planting plans. BILTMORE, N. C. There’s big and quick money in Straw- ® berries and in all Small Fruits. You 4 don’t have to wait long years to reap y your harvest. We are headquarters for y Summer and Fall Bearing Strawberry » Plants, Raspberries, Blackberries, Gooseberries, = Currants, Grapes, Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental Shrubs, Eggs for Hatching, Crates, Baskets, Seed Pota- toes, etc. Best varieties atlowest prices. 30 years’ experience, Our free catalogue contains valuable information. Write today, L. J. FARMER Box 429, Pulaski, New York RHODODENDRONS AND KALMIA _ LATIFOLIA Rhododendron, Hybrids : Rhododendron, Maximum: (Mountain Laurel). (The Natives). Kalmia Latifolia : A Full Line of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. Send us your list of wants for prices. MORRIS NURSERY CO. Tel. 4561 Gramercy 1G 4 FRUIT ys PLANTS FX |NONE 4 BETTER $100.00 IN GOLD FREE The above prize is given for the best one acre strawberry packs en for a copy before supply is exhausted. It’s free. Write today DAVID KNIGHT & SON, Box 400, Sawyer, Mich. Read particulars in our Knight's Book on Small Fruits. The most hardy varieties and assorted colors. Fine plants, 1 to 6 feet, in car lots. Well furnished plants, r to 3 ft., in car lots at Low Prices. All stock of the best quality. Illustrated and descriptive Catalog upon request. 949 Broadway, Flatiron Bldg., New York, N. Y. The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard lo schools You want KNIGHT’S hardy fresh dug guar- -anteed stock for your spring planting direct from nursery to you. Noagents’ commissions. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marca, 1914 Fighting Frost With Fire JS THE principal fruit areas of the West orchard heating, or “smudging” as it is more com- monly known, has been most generally adopted as- a means of protecting the trees from frost, and it has been most highly developed in the arid fruit districts of the western slope of Colorado. In the spring of 1908 several growers in the Grand River Valley of Colorado experimented with the burning of oil in simple pots of the lard pail type, with the result that they saved their entire crop on the heated areas and saw it killed on the unheated tracts. The spring of 1909 saw the adoption of smudge pots in every fruit section of the state, and their use reached the experimental stage in several other states. In the spring of to10, there was not a fruit growing state without them, and many sections of several states were almost as fully equipped as Colorado. The thrilling and successful frost fights in Colo- rado were an inspiring object lesson to the growers. At Cafion City, they organized and appointed an orchard heating committee, the first in existence. With an appropriation of $1,000 at their disposal, its members set zealously to work on a series of experiments to determine just what could be ac- complished in raising the temperature of entire orchards, and what the cost and the conditions of work would be. For six months they tested coal, wood, and oil as fuel, and all the various devices for producing fires. When their experiments were concluded, they unanimously recommended oil as the most practicable fuel owing to the ease and rapidity with which the heat could be generated. The growers were quick to learn their lesson, and in some sections of the state eighty per cent. of the orchards were equipped the same year. The spring of 1909 was one of the severest the fruit industry had ever seen. Under the old methods of trusting to the mercy of the elements, little if any fruit would have been shipped from the state. With orchard heating in general use, there was one of the largest crops in the history of the state. The saving was estimated as $4,000,000. The experi- ments of the orchard heating committee showed that the temperature could be raised fourteen degrees with a hundred small oil pots to the acre. The last night of April the temperature in the Cafion City district fell to seventeen degrees above zero. The orchardists with heaters kept the tem- perature up to twenty-eight or thirty degrees, Copynight, 1911, by P. H. Tanta Night photograph of a Colorado orchard showing oil heaters in operation Marcu, 1914 iene Gs KON YM AG AZ IN E 111 The “Making” of a Park Seeds With a Lineage HE United States Government on its \ Carter’s Tested Seeds are the 5 leading seeds of England where parks and reservations, Golf and gardening has been a fine art for ° centuries. ‘They have generations Country Clubs, and owners of Private of cultivating, selecting and test- . \\ ing backof them. At Raynes Park, Estates all over the country are using the A Fee yeas Carter & ne have the finest and most complete test- ee ere COLDWELL DRS decay foe timediate ‘de Combination Roller and Motor | livery. Many rare and exclusive Lawn Mower | varieties' as well as all standard \b pai reans. veectables, ot superior They find it the best and most economical equip- ) “tite today for handsome Catalog ment for caring for large stretches of lawn. E petra The Coldwell both mows and rolls at the same time. It does tk the work of three men and three horse mowers on less than a gallon of gasoline an hour. It climbs 25% grades easily. It is simply designed and easy to operate. h Tested The Coldwell line includes horse mowers with the new demountable cutter feature. Also hand mowers in 150 different styles and sizes. Write for catalogs Seecht. and an interesting booklet ‘*The Care of Lawns.” INC. COLDWELL 104 yoo Y coc e en Mass. L AW N MOWE R COMPANY CS Golf Courses, Tennis Courts, Lawns — if you are NEWBURGH, N. Y. interested in the upkeep of turf, write for the “Practical Greenkeeper,’’ a handbook on grass cultivation. Philadelphia Make Your Home Grounds Individual Since the early “fifties” the hardy, reliable, trees and plants grown by the Old Colony Nurseries have been known to planters and owners of large and small estates. Here at Plymouth we have young, thrifty specimens of Maples, Elms, Spruces, Lindens, Shrubs in great variety, and the old-fashioned Perennials that will give flowers from early spring until late fall. " that Bloom are now a certainty. G. & R. own-root roses cannot help but bloom. They are healthy, vig- orous plants, grown on their own roots. G.&R. summer-propagated, winter-rested, ever-blooming roses MUST BLOOM THE FIRST YEAR or YOUR MONEY BACK : The experience gained by three score years of tree growing is yours —let us suggest plans for your home grounds using some of the more unusual trees and shrubs—Beeches in variety, Tulip-poplar, Virgilea lutea, Golden-chain, Flowering Cherries and Apples, Wild Roses in numerous varieties for various purposes, etc. Send today for our new Catalogue which describes our collection. } : : Old Colony Nurseries, Inc., T. R. Watson, Pres., 320 Summer St., Plymouth, Mass. Vide ic BS Our guarantee gives full protection. The in- bred qualities of our roses are fully described in Free Dlustrated Booklet. Tells all about the G. & R. way of growing roses by the millions. Explains iron-clad guarantee = J ‘ ‘ 7 of satisfaction or no money. Write for this book today. // THE GOOD & REESE CO., Box 152 _ Springfield, O. Largest Rose Growers in the World The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock H] 112 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 Hardy English Waln No longer an experiment er in Zero Climates Plant an English Walnut orchard this Spring. Make a beginning and add to it each season. No bauk failures, business depres- sions, nor trust investigations cau interfere with this source of pleasure and income, for itsrock foundation is the devolopment of anaturalresource. Start with rugged acclimated trees, grown under severe climatic conditions, with temperature far below zero at times. Conditions that breed irod-clad vigor and vitality;and that produce trees so hardy, they may be planted in cold climates with the same assurance of successful fruiting as Peach trees. We believe this is the only northern locality, where ut Orchards RY commercial orchards of English Walnuts may beseen, some of them containing hundreds of trees which have been bearing regularly for more than twenty years. For the lawn or driveway, English Walnutis exqui- sitely beautiful with its smooth light gray bark, luxu- riant dark green foliage, lofty,symmetrical growth. A homeful tree to plant about the home. Rochester parks and public streets contain many beautiful bear- ing trees, apparently as hardy asthe Maples and Elms. At least, thriving under the same conditions, and pro- ducing annually delicious nutsas well as shade. Truly a most delightful combination. We have unlimited faith in trees bred and grawn under these conditions, and are sure that those who plant our hardy strains of English Walnuts will be well pleased. The picture shows a Mayo English Walnut tree planted in 1907, began bearing in 1911. Superior quality, extreme hardiness, early bearer, safe to plant. Our 1914 Catalog and Planting Guide — Includes Nut Culture, Fruits, Roses, Shrubs, Evergreens, etc., Mailed Free on Request. Glen Bros., Inc., Glenwood Nursery. Estab’d 1866. 2206 Main St., Rochester, N. Y. $e SS CS We Make Sprayers for Everybody Bucket, Barrel, Four-Row Potato Sprayers, Power Orchard Rigs, etc. Directions and formula free. ° e - This Empire King leads everything ofits kind. Throws fine mist spray with , strong force. No clogging, strainers are brushed and kept clean, liquid thoroughly AK agitated automatically. i CATALOGUE FREE % We have the sprayer to meet your exact wants. 57°" Address FIELD FORCE PUMP Co. 48 Eleventh Street, Elmira, New York - ve Grape Vines Gooseberries and Currants Forthe vineyard, for the home garden we have just what you need, Best varieties and finest grade of stock— guaranteed true. We are the largest and most successful growers of grape vines and small fruits in the country. Book on Grape Culture—Free No grape growercan afford to be without Cex this practical book. It contains valu- €Z Fy ableinformation; tells you things that we have learned only after years of prac- tical experience. Planting, cultivating, prun- ing. All this store of helpful knowledge is yours for the asking. Write today for free copy. T.S. HUBBARD CO., Box 55 Fredonia, N. Y. If You Could SEE It—Just Once—You’d WANT It! The most beautiful book published on the subject of Roses and Rose-growing. Illustrated with over 70 full-page plates in color and half-tone; and embracing within its pages a vast fund of practical knowledge concerning Rose selection, and every phase of Rose culture. ‘‘The Rose Book’’ An all-year-round guide for the lover or grower of Roses. By H. H. Thomas, author of “The Ideal Garden,” “The Garden at Home,” etc., assisted by Mr. Walter Easlea, Member of the Council of the National Rose Society, of Great Britain. Garden Magazine 3-14 Funk & In addition to the unusually beautiful pictures which the wacuzlls book contains, the practical section gives full and complete mpan guidance in How to Plant—How to Care For—How to Perfect Various Types of Roses Rose gardens in general—situation—soil—planting—pruning—budding— layering—grafting—seed—cuttings—manures for “Roses—diseases and y New York, N. Y. I enclose $2.15, for : which send me, all car- riage charges paid, a copy of “THE ROSE BOOK” as advertised in Garden Magazine. Name..-.--- +++ +++- 2200200: insect pests—Roses for the greenhouse—Rose hedges—Roses for walls Ot et OE PS —Roses for fences, arches, pillars, etc-——Rose-growing for exhibi- tion—lists of varieties for various purposes, etc. Ce Boe OS ISRO 2 0000 “ors ERPS aoe Sign and send us the Coupon herewith, with check, Slate, EEN. oe eee ee ee acini Ome E Ee money order, stamps or other form of remittance, and we will immediately forward the book. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY 354-60 Fourth Avenue NEW YORK N. Y. Sign and Send This Coupon TODAY If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service — which they considered the safety point. On the preceding night there was a terrific blizzard. The wind blew a gale, and there was a snowfall of more than eight inches, a very trying weather condition for the free burning of oil. In spite of these unusu- ally severe tests, the temperature was kept up to the safety point for more than five hours. As an experiment, several acres of the test orchard were left unprotected. On the heated part there was a banner crop, more than 15,000 boxes, while on the several acres not heated, with one hundred ten-year old trees in full bearing, there was not a box of. apples. In the early days of orchard heating, a man was detailed each night during the possible frost season to watch the tested thermometers in different parts of the orchard and at the farm house some distance away. Nowadays he leaves the frost alarm ther- mometer to watch for him. This electric watch- man consists of a specially made thermometer with a fine platinum wire fused into the mercury at the freezing point or at whatever is considered the danger mark. As soon as the mercury sinks below this wire, which is connected with a battery and alarm at the head of the bed where the orchard boss sleeps, the circuit is broken and the alarm rings. Heating in the spring of 1910 was much easier than the year before, and proved more conclusively the effectiveness of the fires. The crop in the Colorado fruit area for r910 averaged about fifty- five per cent. of a full crop. The unheated orchards yielded from twenty to seventy-five per cent. of a crop, while the yield on the protected orchards was from ninety-five to one hundred per cent. so heavy that thinning was necessary in many of them. ' Individual evidence as to the efficiency of orchard heating in every fruit growing state could be multi- plied indefinitely. Fruit crops valued at $250 to $750 an acre have been saved at a cost of $7 to $10 an acre. A Colorado grower with fifty heaters to the acre raised the temperature of his 40-acre orchard from eighteen to twenty-eight degrees and produced forty-one carloads of apples. An Iowa grower placed 1,000 of the small single-burning oil pots in his orchard of goo trees. The temperature was held to thirty-three degrees in the orchard while it was twenty-three outside and accompanied by a heavy snow and a gale of wind. He harvested a full crop of apples, the only one in the state, at a cost of only seven cents a bushel for the heating. An orchard owner in the Rogue River Valley of Oregon saved ten acres of apples valued at $6,000 at a cost of $6 an acre, where one freeze of the previous year had destroyed his entire crop. In a neighbor- ing orchard which has yielded as high as $1,000 an acre a full crop was saved. In Missouri a 240-acre orchard in a deep valley had suffered severely from frost every year and had not produced a full crop for fourteen years. Against the advice of the wiseacres two brothers from Kansas City bought it and equipped it with 5,000 heaters. They har- vested a crop of 15,000 barrels of apples, valued at $45,000, and it was the only crop in that fruit growing section. This has revived a whole fruit growing community in which land had been steadily depreciating in value by reason of the regular devastation by frost. An orange grower of Texas held the temperature in his orchard at twenty-two degrees while it was at fourteen outside and the wind blowing at a velocity of forty miles an hour. The fuel to be used in orchard heating depends on the availability of wood, coal, or oil; the cost, supply and efficiency of labor; and the weather conditions to be expected. The fuel must be easy to light, must burn a long time, give out a good heat, must be easily controlled and capable of en- during severe weather conditions. It is now pretty generally agreed that oil best meets these require- ments. A good estimate of the total expense of installing a complete outfit on an average ten acre orchard is about as follows: Heaters, a. :.. sehen ca) el Bae $200 to $250 One 3,000 gallon cement tankih «ce wcukee eee TW One 200 gallon tank for wagon . . - - = - 20 22 Four gasoline cans for lighting - - - + =: - 6 a 6 Three good thermometers. - - - - - = - Sie 3 Frost alarm thermometer . - - - +--+ =: - 20 25 Total: ci i ef ast) reuts aeeumoynne - $319 “ $38r Illinois. Omar H. SAMPLE. |Marca, 1914 ino G Ak DE N MAG A Z.IN E 113 They cannot be otherwise, because of their wonderful beauty, infinite variety, vigor of growth and little demand on your time and attention. They will bloom from early in July until frost. For exquisite colorings and markings no flower compares with them save the orchid. For adaptability to all kinds of soil they are unique. I am probably the largest exclusive Gladiolus grower in the world. I have put my very life into the development of this one flower, and by years of patient selection from among more than 25,000 varie- ties have produced a strain which has won recognition as the best in the world. In addi- tion to my own hybrids I control exclusively in this country the wonderful Groff hybrids, and Mr. Groff stands alone as a hybridizer of Gladioli. In the Garden and in the House Gladioli Are Supreme It may be news to you that Gladioli have no equal for cutting, but it is true. Cut and placed in water when the first buds show color they will open every bud on the spike to the last one, and a spike will last from a week to ten days as vigorous and handsome as if still on its own roots. No drooping, no fouling of the water, no odor —it is the flower par excellence for interior decoration, You will find in no other plant so large a return for so little labor; such a wealth of beauty for so small an investment in money and attention. No exacting soil re- quirements; no pests to fight. Don’t cheat yourself of a real pleasure by letting another season pass without trying some of my Gladioli. Send Now For My New Booklet. A Copy Free For The Asking Tt will tell you al/ about them—how I grow them; how you may grow them; how to treat them after cutting; in short, all that you want to S know about them. It is beautifully illustrated in natural colors. It fully describes the best varieties and my special collections. Just drop me a card asking for it. ah Arthur Cowee, Meadowvale Farms, Box 142, Berlin, N. Y. SNM ate: Fairfax Rose Plants Stand Winter Storms They are wintered out of doors, where cold, ice and snow test and prove their hardiness. Their long dormant period gives them 7 vigor and vitality. Most rose plants are kept in hothouses and forced to grow the year round. Fairfax Rose bushes are not that kind. They are grown for outdoor rose gardens. They are propagated from hardy, thrifty, free-flowering specimens, and grownslow- ly--never forced—in good claysoilwhere they develop vigorous canes and roots. My 1914 Rose Book FREE My new book, “Fairfax Roses,” describes ‘““The Aristocrats of Rose- dom’’—morethan150 varieties that will bloom profusely in the home rose garden. It tells you how to grow Fairfax roses just as good as those shown above, and offers an interesting collection of other useful plants — Dahlias, Ferns, Shrubs, etc. Write for your copy now—planting time is not so far away. W. R. GRAY BOX 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX COUNTY.VA. tf “Good trees”’ for the money-making orchards are not always the best trees to plant fora home supply of fruit, because the demands on the trees are entirely different. At your home, plant trees that are big, straight and smooth in trunk, that have all the roots it is possible to get, and that are full of life and growth. Such trees grow with a certainty and speed that give you good fruit with least waiting. You will find such trees at Berlin. Our climate puts great vigor into trees. Cold winds from the Atlantic make them absolutely hardy. Our loose, warm, deep soil and long growing seasons develops root systems and trunks that seldom are equaled elsewhere. Apple, Peach, Pear and All The Other Fruits At Berlin we grow plants and trees of all common fruits. Harrison-grown little trees are budded from selected bearing trees in our orchards. They will produce heavily, and begin earlier than most trees. For home planting we have big, smooth, handsome trees of the highest grade. In some of the best varieties we have special two-year trees that are pruned and trained by experts to exactly the right shape and height of heads. These trees will give inexperienced planters correctly started orchards. é The Harrison 1914 Catalogue Tells the Truth about Varieties. It describes the good kinds, tells about the special trees mentioned above, and gives planting direc- tions and much other information. A reference book for planters. Sent free on request. “The Why and How of Shade Trees and Evergreens,’’ is sent on request. ““How to Grow and Market Fruit,’’ sent postpaid for 50 cents. Write today for the Books you want and tell us about your planting plans and aims. HARRISONS’ NURSERIES, Box 493, BERLIN, MD. UAL Sunburst The new queen of yellow roses. 2-year plants for spring delivery. 75¢€ Reserve yours now The Readers? Service will give information about automobiles 114 THE GAR DereaN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 ITTITITITTIII EE Wagner Landscape Service is at Your Command LANTS for every purpose, trees, shrubs, evergreens, hardy peren- nials and roses that climb and roses that grow in formal perfection, grasses, vines and all beautiful growing things that give the touch of Nature to the home-grounds—these are the materials out of which the Wagner Landscape Gardeners work their wonders. In buying Wagner plants the garden lover gets the benefit of the skill and training of the Wagner Garden Specialists. If yours is only the simple problem of the small suburban lot this service will cost you little or nothing. If you require cooperation on an elaborate scale the charges will be altogether moderate. TTT Whatever your garden needs write now for Wagner Book 35 which tells of the Wagner Service in detail and contains a com- plete list of Wagner plants with their prices. Itis Free. Ask forit. WAGNER PARK NURSERY COMPANY = ee “¥ Box 765 Sidney, Ohio Nurserymen—Landscape Gardeners—Florists os v= ° LET WILSON HELP YOU MAKE YOUR GARDEN Write today for my seed book, tell me about your garden and let me help plan it. I have sold seeds for years, and I know the kinds that dig up the dollars for gardeners everywhere. Every one of my seeds was grown in 1913, and are varieties that will give crisp vegetables for market or table, or fragrant flowers for cutting. Get the seed annual anyway—you will like it; it contains hints that will help you to have a better garden, and describes the good seeds and plants. Sent free. J, JWILSON SEED CO. Inc., Dept.B, Newark, N. J. All grown in the vigorous cli- mate of Vermont — will stand the severest winters. The kind that will not kill back at the first frost. Will thrive equally well in the warm and sunny south. Flower Seeds That Grow Old Fashioned Flowers, Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Hardy Ferns, Wild Flowers. For sun or for shade—for wet or for dry soils. The most at- tractive varieties buyable. Before placing your orders send for our new catalog. F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. ene FE l ants _ Deal with us, the growers—not with agents. You save half and get better trees. Whatever you want for the Fruit Garden or Orchard—we have it. A Big Supply of Apple and Peach Trees Pear, Plum, Quince, Cherry, Grape Vines, Ornamental Trees, Roses, Plants, Best New Fruits. All of them finest stock—true to name. Our 35 years’ reputation for square dealing is your guarantee. Wedeal direct by catalogue only. There's no Nursery like Green's for value. Our finely illustrated catalogue gives practical, useful information on care of fruit trees. It’s free. te Years with Fruits and Flowers"’ or C. A. Green’s Book of Canning Fruits sent free also. Write us today. Green’s Nursery Company, 7 Wall Street, Rochester, New York For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service Transplanting into Flats \ X 7HEN transplanting seedling plants into flats amateur gardeners are often troubled by not being able to properly and quickly space each in- dividual. A very simple system is in vogue among some professional growers that will aid materially. This is by using a “transplanting board.” For a flat 12 x 18 in. use a board 12 inches wide and 18} to 182 inches long. With a ruler, carpen- ter’s square, or yardstick, mark off this board with parallel lines two inches apart in both directions. The board will then be marked off into 2-inch squares, like a checker board. Holes may be bored with a 3-inch bit at the intersections of the lines, forty holes in all. Now take two pieces of wood two inches wide and twelve inches long, nail one across each end of the board, one edge being even with the top of the board, and your transplanting board is ready for use. Fill the flat with good compost or garden soil, having it slightly packed down in the flat. Strike it off; i. e., with a small piece of wood more than Lay the ‘‘transplanting board’’ over the flat filled with soil and with adibber make holes for the seedlings twelve inches long, press upon the top edge of the sides of the flat and push it back and forth until the soil in the flat is level with the top edges, even the corners. Lay the transplanting board upon the flat. The end pieces will hold the board in its proper place. With a dibber inserted through the holes in the board, corresponding holes are made in the soil in the flat. To make a dibber, take a piece of wood five to six inches long and seven-eighths of an inch in diameter. Sharpen one end to three-eighths of an inch in diameter, and about two inches long, ending Showing how easy it is to transplant to flats after the ‘‘board’’ has been used Marcu, 1914 If These Marks are on your Lawn Mower, It’s a Good One HIS name and trade-mark is Bion: protection if you want to secure a smooth-running, clean cutting, easily operated trouble proof lawn mower. So be sure that you see these identifying marks on the lawn mower you buy. ~\ T—AND—)” Lawn Mowers B are made by a corporation with 60 years’ uninterrupted experience in the manufac- ture of mower cutting blades. “W & B” Mowers are known for their long service due to correct mechanical design, hard- ened steel cutting edges and special devices that make them run easily and cut closely. The “W & B Diamond Special” is a ball bearing machine, a fine type of lawn mower construction. It has distinctive features that will interest you. : The “W & B Junior Ball Bearing” is an excellent medium price all round mower. “Velvet lawns” if you use a “W'& B Junior” Ball Bearing. Ask your Hardware Dealer for a ‘‘W & B.”’ Ask your dealer for the lawn mower with “W & B” marked on the handle. If he doesn’t have any on hand, have him order one for you. Or write for our free literature which we willsend . sy Rati B pede | LawnMowerd — of your ' Sraciioned fe nearest | a barefoot boy” dealer { who does — handlethe | @ Siieee ietine® = VW & 1B : Boa tp oD i The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. Established 1854, General Offices, Akron, Ohio Factories at Chicago,Akron and St.Catharines,Ont. NewYork Office & Store, 64 Reade St. Canadian Office, St. Catharines, Ont. European Office, 149 Queen Victoria St., London, F. C. DEALERS; If vour supply ts exhausted, order “W & B’ Mowers from your nearest jobber -AHLIAS OVER 600 VARIETIES They Win Prizes Everywhere. Send for FREE CATALOGUE GEO. L. STILLMAN, Dahlia Specialist, Box C-4, Westerly, R. I. PRA The Morrill & Morley Way Use an Eclipse Spray Pump. Used by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Its construction is perfect. Illustrated catalogue free. Morrill & Morley Mfg. Co. Box 14 Benton Harbor, Mich. Eclipse Spray Pump hoy GAR DEN MAG AZINE 115 Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties | FOURTH EDITION 1913-14 Whether you wish to add new treasures to an old-time garden, sacred _ || with the memory of past associations, or whether it is a new garden you _ || are planning, the accomplishment of which shall be a realization of your own fancy, you will find in this book | PNW INSPIRATION MND SAE E GUIDE The many acres of Peonies, Irises, Phloxes and other hardy plants in end- less varieties at Wyomissing, began as a little garden that grew and grew because of complete abandonment to a passionate love for growing things, and an ever-widening circle of friends whose appreciation and support has made possible and necessary this beautiful book of hardy plants. Different from any other catalog perhaps, because at Wyomis- sing I grow complete collections of the plants that especially appeal to me, regardless of the money value, and other garden enthusiasts have found here at Wyomissing the things they have sought for elsewhere in vain. If you do not have this book you should send for it. It is mailed free on request. BERTRAND H. FARR WYOMISSING NURSERIES 104 Garfield Ave., Wyomissing, Pa. BEAUTIFUL LAWRNS A lawn results from frequently rolling a patch of grass with machines of the many weights it demands in its various moods. One fixed weight roller is incompetent—a dozen impossible—the ““ANYWEIGHT” a positive necessity. This, with its acetylene welded hollow steel shell weighs roo lbs. without ballast—just right for wet Spring lawn. Increase the weight by filling hollow shell with water, drop by drop if you wish, to the half-ton pressure demanded by dry Summer lawn, drives or tennis court. It’s filled or emptied in a jiffy —the machine fits the job; the price any pocket book. One or two sections of hardened and rust proofed steel— roller bearings—steel handles—adjustable counterpoise weights if ordered. Fills and empties at either end of drum near its end, without upending. 1 INTERMEDIATE! Write for Catalog—it’s free | WILDER-STRONG IMPLEMENT COMPANY, Monroe, Mich. Box 6 Valuable treatise on Care of Lawns for roc. in stamps. For information about live stock write to the Readers’ Service THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 has stood for quality seeds for over half a century. Gregory’s Seeds produce the choicest of vege- tables and flowers where conditions are right. ' Great care is exercised in their production, many of them having been grown on our own farms. Try the following collection to convince yourself of the value of Honest Seeds A fine trial garden collection for 25c. This splendid collection, properly handled, will from a small piece of ground, supply an abundance of crisp vegetables throughout spring and summer. One packet each—Keeney’s New Kidney Wax Bean, Edmand’s Beet, Lucullus Swiss Chard, Hutchinson Carrot, May King Lettuce and Chalk’s Early Jewel Tomato. Beautiful Catalog—FREE Gives correct advice how to make small gardens yield the most and best. Describes the choicest varieties of leading American vegetables and shows how we grow them for seed on our own farms. Gregory’s catalog is thoroughly practical, with truthful descriptions, illustrations from photographs and “‘honest” prices for “honest”’ seeds. Yourfree copy is waiting for your call. Send a post card to-day. J. J.H. Gregory & Son, 903 Elmst., Marblehead, Mass. Cp Make the Farm Pay Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture, Horticulture, Floriculture, Landseape Gardening, For- estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under [~ Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. Craig of Cornell University and other eminent teachers. |: Over one hundred Home Study Courses under able \ professors in leading colleges. 250 page catalog free. Write to-day THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCIIOOL Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass. Dahlias and How to 2©.Grow Them FREE FOR A POSTAL CARD I want every reader of The Garden Magazine to know the beauty of my Best Dahlias that Will Grow and Bloom a wealth of bloom all summer and autumn, until frost. Send 15 cents (stamps or coin) for a strong root of the autumn tinted Prof. Brooks Millions of Trees PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in Dantas ine McCullough, by Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable mail postpaid. Say Jinn: A new peony flowered I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO. dahlia. A beautiful blending of THE MONROE NURSERY Monroe, MicHicAN crimson and gold shades. Postpaid for socents. Special trial offer, 12 — dahlias including 3 show, 3 decora- tive, 3 cactus and 3 single for $1. Two peony flowered dahlias for 25 cents; two new collarette dahlias for 30 cents. All the above, 18 dahlias by mail postpaid for $2. | J. MURRAY BASSETT P. O. Box 412 Hammonton, N. J. ices JOY Strawberry Plants Guaranteed as good as grows at $1.00 per 1000 and up. Catalogue FREE. ALLEN BROTHERS, R. 2, Paw Paw, Michigan brings joy to all who grow, sell, or eat it. It is immensely profitable to the market grower, and “‘a joy forever” to the _ amateur gardener. ‘The canes are of ironclad hardihood and need no staking. They yield heav- ily, all the canes being literally loaded with fruit, every year. I have tested this berry for several years, and am willing to stake my reputation upon it. Inthe winter of 1911-12 every Black- berry in my trial grounds was damaged more or less except the Joy, which came through with every bud and terminal in perfect condition. Grow This Berry. ItisHardy and Wonderfully Productive JOY Blackberries are coal black, and large, almost as thick through as they are long. In luscious flavor they surpass by far all other Blackberries I have ever grown. In my long experience with this berry its canes have never been affected, even slightly, by orange rust or other fungous disease, and I believe it is immune to them. A full assortment of Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Grapes, Currants, Gooseberries, Garden Roots, Hardy Perennial Plants, Shrubs and Vines, Evergreen and Shade Trees, Roses, Hedge Plants, etc. Illustrated descriptive catalog replete with cultural instruc- tions, free to everybody. Established 1878. 200 acres. Quality unsurpassed. Prices low. 2OVETT, J. T. LOVETT, Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools in a point, and leaving a shoulder where the handle begins. For the best work, the soil should be slightly moist. The holes are then more stable and prominent. Remove the seedlings from the seed bed; place the roots of each seedling in one of these punched holes in the soil; press the soil firmly about the roots; keep all of them even as to depth and outside height. Transplant another plant in a similar manner until all the holes are filled. With the point of the dibber or another sharp stick, make shallow furrows between each row of transplanted seedlings, first across the box, then the other way, or vice versa. This marking will make the surface soil somewhat level and loose. The finished product will show the plants in- rows at least four ways. This board may be used to mark holes for planting seed, especially where but one seed in a hole is desired or where plants are not to be transplanted early from seed planting, and still space is desired for good development. Proper depth of planting the seeds should in this case be considered. New York. ALBERT E. WILKINSON. Sterilizing the Soil 6 etait are poisonous excrementary compounds thrown off by growing plants which, after a few years, become so abundant in the soil that plants, from which these compounds have been excreted, will not thrive. These poisons are over come to a certain extent by crop rotation, but soil sterilization is sure death. My experience during the past season with the furnace system of soil sterilization, has been very profitable. The furnace had been used for a few years in preparing tobacco beds only but now it will be used for the entire garden plot. The system of heating the soil with the furnace is the simplest and the most satisfactory one that I have tried. The beds are plowed in strips about nine feet im width, and are worked up fine and smooth with a disk harrow and a sharp toothed drag harrow. The soil is worked to a depth of five or six inches, to which depth it is sterilized. The furnace is nine feet long, two feet wide and two and one half tall. There are three pans in which the soil is heated, one Heating the soil to 200 degrees in order to rid it of poisonous substances on top and one on each side. The earth is shoveled from the beds into these pans and heated to a tem- perature of about 200 degrees F., then shoveled into piles beside the furnace, and left so, until the entire space, so faras can be conveniently shoveled, hasbeen heated. The furnace is then moved about twelve or fourteen feet along the bed, and the shoveling in and out is repeated until the entire space is worked. As soon as the soil has become free of these poi- sons, it is almost as the virgin soil of the forests, but of course, without the usual supply of humus or decaying vegetable matter. The advantage of using a furnace in sterilizing soils is that we do not destroy any of the humus in the soil, as we do when burning piles of brush or logs. Steam is used by some people but it has its disadvantages, and I have found the process far | from satisfactory. Kentucky. J. W. GRirFin. Mancn, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 117 | Planet Jr Single Planet Jr Double Wheel Hoe, Cul- Wheel fivator, Rake snd | field and garden. Planet Jr implements are the | Hoe, Cultiva- a> fh i Wig product of more than 4o years’ experience of a | and Rake (re i | Spey practical farmer and manufacturer. Get them ew, aS af for scientific work and big results. $2 to $100. The greatest cultivating tool in the world The euesttiype ef pul yee Hoemade. FREE Our new 72-page illustrated catalogue contains valuable ad- for the grower of garden crops from drilled Tt is light, handy, and adapted toalmost every vice about tools for each kind of cultivation. Write postal seeds. The plow opens furrows for manure, Bee bees leap guard for close work and | to%ay- seed, etc., and can be reversed for covering. a durable Reece gen enough for a S L ALLEN & CO Crops can be worked both sides at once un- 3 = « til 20 inches high. Steel frame. Just the DSS) EGTA tool for the onion-grower. The up-to-the-minute time and labor savers in Planet Jr Planet Jr Combined [No.8 |ioree Hoe ‘ Hill and Drill Seeder, and Cultivator Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Fire-Fly Garden Plow A capital implement for large-scale gardening espec- Especially useful to owners of small gardens 2nd to jally. It has automatic feed-stopper, seed index, and The best-known cultivating implement made. It is so strongly built . * ; ivati r sa piece . erate rae cen- ying tch S. complete cultivating attachments. The hoes are of a that it withstands incredible strain, yet it is light and easy to handle. foe on eee ee ae Soe sft es special patented form which run close to row without Has new steel wheel which prevents clogging with stones and other trash. use also. Enables the owner of a family garden to danger to leaves or roots. Steel frame. Two acres a Cultivates to any depth and adjusts to any width. Opens and closes do all the work in spare minutes. day can be easily worked with this tool. furrow, and hoes right up to plants without danger of injuring them. Evergreens That Beautify Plant Hill’s evergreens of known quality and growth. Make your property more attractive — more yaluable—a place of beauty and refinement. We are ever- green specialists—56 years’ ex- perience. Greatest selection obtainable in America. Over 50 million of the choicest and hardi- - = est varieties. Large and small ? trees supplied in any quantity. " Lowest prices. Expert advice x Protect Y our Flowers Bey -and handsome Eyergreen Book 4 illustrated in colors free. Avoid disappointments — plant Hill’s Why give them the loving care they require to make them grow and Bee cvergreens—famous for over half : : a century. Safe delivery and bloom and then leave them exposed to the Yavages of animals? satisfaction guaranteed. Write today. Get our free book. Their beauty is not hidden, but enhanced, by the use of D. HILLNURSERY CO.,Inc. Evergreen Specialists 106 Cedar St. Dundee, Ill. Lawn and Flower Bed Guards. No matter what the shape of the bed — round, square, oval, crescent — Excelsior Guards will fit perfectly and add to the appearance. Their heavy galvanizing prevents rust. The permanent silver color forms an attractive setting for the rich greens, reds and yellows they enclose. Ask your hardware dealer. He will order Excelsior Guards for you if he does not have them in stock. We also make Excelsior Rust Proof Tree Guards, Trellises, Trellis Arches and Fence. Send for catalog B. - WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care of live-stock solving “ dreds of homes. The “Boy Problem” SOLVED! The “Baby Grand’’ Billiard Table is ‘the boy problem”? in many hun- One mother writes : “When we attempt to make plain to you what pleasure your table has brought to our home, words fail us and we can only say —OUR BOY NOW LIVES AT HOME!” The BABYGRAND Home Billiard Table Made of Mahogany, inlaid. Fitted with Slate Bed, Monarch Cushions and Drawer which holds Playing Outfit. It is equalin playing qualities to Brunswick Regulation Tables, used by all the world’s cue experts. Sizes 3x6, 314x7, 4x8. Our Brunswick “Convertible”’ styles serve also as Dining or Library Tables and Davenports. Easy Terms Complete Playing Outft Free The price of each table includes complete high- grade Playing Outfit—Cues, Balls, Bridge, Rack, Chalk, Markers, Brush, Cover, Rules, Book on “How to Play,’’ etc., etc. Free DeLuxe Book Send the coupon or a postal card for richly illustrated book, “ Billiards—The Home Magnet,” containing pictures, descriptions, Factory Prices and details of Kasy-Purchase Plan. ‘this book will help solve the gift problem. CET rere rrr rrr rrr errr rr rr ty The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. (220) Dept. T.K, 623-633 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago. Please send me the free color-illustrated book, “Billiards—The Home Magnet” Practical Garden Plans ‘California Gardens’®: A Book for YOUR Home}, Send today for this handsome 8xix, 124-page cloth bound book on garden- making. Con- tains fifty practical garden plans and complete descriptions for every size lot—25 feet up to country estates. Practical for your climate. Book contains 103 beautiful halftone illustra- tions showing the cream of Southern Califor- nia’s gardens. Among plansshown are Alpine, Colonial, Dutch Bulb, ‘Formal, Heath, Iris, Jap- anese I-lat, Japanese Hill, Japanese Iris, Jap- anese Tea, Natural, Old- Fashioned, Old En- glish, Rose, Rock and Water gardens—most effective treatments of land- scapes, garden furniture, etc. No experienced landscapegardener need- ed. Do the work yourself. Small expense. Send P. O. or Express Money Order today. This book is invaluable if you own a home. Eugene 0. Murmann 233 Central Avenue Glendale, Los Angeles, Calif. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE What To Do Now [F YOU have not already bedded sweet potatoes do so at once; cover about two inches deep in order to get long rooted plants. In the lower South sweet potato plants may be set out in the open the last of the month, also tomatoes and pepper, where they can be given protection on cold nights. Early tomatoes are the most desirable of all. Frequent shallow cultivation is necessary for cabbage and cauliflower, also young beans; but under no circumstances cultivate the beans when the foliage is wet. The best time to cultivate a garden is in the late afternoon, as this seems to create moisture and draw it to the surface. Seed of main crop tomatoes may be sown now. Plant both water and muskmelons if the weather permits. Both sweet and field corn may be sown now, the prolific varieties being the best for the South. Corn delights in a soil full of vegetable matter; bear this in mind when planting. Dahlias and cannas are exceedingly easy to grow from roots. Dahlias will produce flowers from May to October in the South if the roots are planted now, if they have plenty of water, and the old flowers kept cut off. Continue to plant out onion sets. Onion seed may be sown now for sets; on a very small place. one can grow enough for his own use another year and have some to sell. The rows should not be more than twelve inches apart and it is necessary to sow the seed very thickly in drills in order to prevent the onions from becoming too large for sets. The smallest sets are the best. Almost all kinds of annuals can be planted in the open now. In the lower South cosmos is a quick grower and a free bloomer, and under favorable weather it will flower for a long time. It requires very little cultivation and will resow itself for another year. The cosmos will grow where other annuals will fail; in fact, it can stand unfavorable conditions to a remarkable extent. Seed of herbs may be sown now. Everyone can have a good assortment of these. They cost but a few cents, are useful for many purposes (such as seasoning, making teas, etc.), and are beautiful to look at while growing. They flourish in a rich loam soil. Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. Garden Greens 1 OUR Southern gardens, greens are at their prime at Christmas time, and they are not one whit less acceptable than in colder climates. I find my scoke bushes die down in November, but they do not always get cold weather enough to make them annual. This plant, which is so common in the North, can be cut for the table, that is shoots as big as your wrist, about the middle of January; cook them with a good share of the common sour sorrel leaves, to add a little acidity. We make rows of them along the edges of our gardens. The sorrel grows in great bunches, as big as a half bushel. Just at the same time another sorrel furnishes a large bush, covered all over with flowers, which cooked in the calyx, make a delicious sauce. An- other novelty is mustard, not because it is never grown in our Northern gardens, but because of its delicious flavor and richness of foliage. It makes Marcu, 1914 ‘Wh R | Th fe atlaint Is INat: “Carter White Lead and pure linseed oil.” “What do you put in to make it so white?”” “Not a thing. Carter needs nothing to make it white, nor to make it wear either.” “Will it stay white?” “It certainly will. Any paint will get dirty in time but this will always be just as much whiter than any other white paint as it is now,” “Here’s my card. Come around and see me tomorrow. I want my house painted just as white as this one.” CARTER Strictly Pure White Lead is widely used by painters who are sufficiently skilled to mix their own colors. They have found that it not only makes a clear, pure, white paint but that colors come out with a new beauty when mixed with Carter as the base. Carter is strictly pure and has all the good qualities of old fashioned white lead but is whiter and finer because it is made by a modern process that enhances the beauty of paint and increases its efficiency. If you are interested in an attra tive color scheme for your home ask your painter or paint dealer to show you “The Paint Beautiful” portfolio, which shows twelve modern houses in up-to-date color combinations. Send for free copy of “Pure Paint, A Text-Book on House-painting,” which covers the whole subject in condensed form for the busy man, and is illustrated with four plates from “The Paint Beautiful.” Get this book before you paint again. For any information about house-painting address CARTER WHITE LEAD CO. 12032 South Peoria Street Chicago, IH. Factories: Chicago and Omaha =[)5@ Varararararall x ee ACCC GOON 00008 IKXREI HCL RXDIIXD UXDDXIXIXIXT| [OM MMO MONO WOON We Saatrnine Lawn and Farm FENCE. Sell direct shipping to users only, at manufacturers’ prices. Noagents. Our catalog is Free. Write for it to-day. UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO., 994 10th St., Terre Haute, Ind. Many stylesshown in new catalog. Write today. Direct From Factory—_We Pay Freight Brown Lawn Fence and Gate cost less than wood, last" ipaeoe and are more ornamental, Don’t buy any ‘until you first see our complete line and dollar-saving prices. THE BROWN FENCE & RE co. Department 95 CLEVELAND, OHIO If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Marca, 1914 charming window!” “The brown background of the shade sets off your draperies so well.”” “Yes, the shade does make a wonderful difference. Itis Vandyke Brown—the new Brenlin color.”’ You can find in Brenlin Unfilled Shades just the harmonizing shade for any color scheme, and get just the soft lighting effects you want, for they are made in many rich, lustreless tones—the popular new Vandyke Brown, Mauve, Ecru, Bronze, Stone, Sage and other greens. And yet this shade is in the end thecheapest shade you can buy, for it is made of closely woven cloth withoutthat “filling” which in the ordinary shade so soon falls out in unsightly streaks and pinholes. Prentin UNFILLED Window Shades Go to yourdealer today and examine them. Ask also to see Brenlin Duplex--light on one side, dark the other, Write for the Brenlin Book today With it we will send you the name ofthe Brenlin dealer in your town, or tell vo how to order direct. Chas. W.Breneman & Co., 2066 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, O. Genuine Brenlin Unfilled Shades have this mark— BRENLIN —perforated along the edge. Look closely for it. For temporary uses the two cheaper grades of Brenlin —Brenlin Filled and Brenlin Machine Made, will be found by far the best shade values at their prices. For sale by dealers everywhere wm ZANT mas Underground Garbage Receiver : Saves the battering of your can and scatter- ing of garbage from pounding out frozen contents. Opens with the Foot. Hands never touch it. It pays to look us up. Sold direet; send for circular. ©. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr., 40 Farrar St., Lynn, Mass. Don’t rut roads or fields. Send today for free illus trated catalog of wheels and wagons. Electric Wheel Co., 25 Elm &t., Quincy, Il. BMBYTAUUUGYAANONSYSUQOUUCQALGGQQUOOOONSSHTNUONSOOOAQOOEUVN SOU) ire SiG SACRED nH Ni MAG A Z.IN E wii No phase of the home- making is of more importance than selecting the dinner-ware. For real service and satisfaction you cannot buy better and more enduring dinner-ware than Ho- mer Laughlin, even though you pay higher prices. Its exquisite colors and charming designs are a part of and practically last as long as the dinner-ware itself, making your heart rejoice that you insisted on | \ HOMER JAUGHLIN CHINA Made in America, in the largest pottery in the world. Sold almost everywhere in open stock patterns. You can begin with a few pieces or keep your set complete at a moderate cost. Ask your dealer to show you the trade- mark name HOMER LAUGHLIN which appears on the underside of each dish. It is our guarantee to you. : The CHINA BOOK, richly illustrated in \) colors, tells how china is made in the world’s £ greatest pottery. Send forit. It is FREE. HOMER LAUGHLIN CHINA CO. NEWELL, WEST VIRGINIA BN. co SE” meee Planning a home? ENGLISH SHINGLE ONLY tains BROTHERS New Yor. DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 110 Broad St., Boston BRANCH OFFICE, 1133 Broadway. New York does NOT TURN YELLOW AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co.,Chicago; Asam Bros., Inc., Philadelphia; F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, Wash., and Port- land, Ore.; R. McC. Bullington & Co., Richmond; Shey- lin-Carpenter Lumber Co., Minneapolis and St. Paul; Hoffschlaeger Co., Honolulu, and DEALERS. What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service May we send you our interesting free booklet, “Symphonies in Stains’’> B. H. Shepard, Architect are cheaper than paint, more durable, easier to apply. Unlike paint, they bring out all the natural beauty of the grain and texture of the wood, and the special Dexter pre- servative oils add years to its life. The soft, rich, fadeless colors harmonize perfectly with natural surroundings. Write today for‘ Symphonies” and 22 stained miniature shingles Also makers of DEXTROLITE, the WHITE ENAMEL which TSAUUUNODUYOOSOUESVOOSSSOONSEDRUUOObOUO OU 120 THE GARDEN MA’@A “uN ee or orchard, all that it can make for you—doing without it is costly —THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS are lost yearly through ravages of bugs—pests—germs and blight upon plant life. The increased yield in field, garden and orchard crops at a cost of a few cents an Acre for spraying will return DOLLARS in extra profits. You can pay for your equipment and BANK MONEY in one season from the increased yield you will get by using the Spramotor. After caring for your own crops MAKE BIG MONEY spraying those of your neighbors and friends The hand power Spramotor sprays an acre of potatoes effectively in 30 minutes—if done three times in growing season often more than doubles the yield. The President of the Michigan State Horticultural Society says, ‘I have never seen so perfect an equipment for spraying.” G. W. Maurer, New York. writes, “The Spramotor I bought of you last season was put in test with others and PROVEN TO BE THE BEST in every way. In 25 hours the Spramotor did better and as much work as could be done in 11 hours with the next best.” FARMING without this dividend paying farm efficiency machine is like a carpenter trying to build a good house without the necessary tools. There is a Spra-< motor built expressly for your needs. Write for free catalog and proofs of what it can do for you. SPRAMOTOR COMPANY 104 Erie St., Buffalo, N. Y. 154 King St., London, Ont. - a ° need the Spra- : | h | | motortorealize C) ses ay : | from your farm A Beautiful Lawn Insure a velvety green, quick-growing lawn; also double the yield of the garden and produce earlier and better vegetables, by feeding the soil with SHEEP’S HEAD SHEEP MANURE Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and pot- J ash. Pulverized, ready to apply. Also will show quick results on flower beds, shrubbery and orchard. Two 1oo lb. bags $4, freight prepaid east of the Missouri River. Send for folder. Natural Guano Co. 803 River Street, Aurora, IIl. A Fine Garden } 3,000,000 | Fruit and) Ornamental Trees, berries, currants, vines, shrubs, at wholesale prices, fresh dug, Guaranteed True to Name and Free from Disease. s. Personal attention and prompt deliy- 2 A great advantage and saving in dealing with an old established firm. Write today for Free, 1914, Wholesale Ulustrated catalog. iL on rserzes Of 350 acres. Co., Box 78, Dansyille, N. Y. s Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries. Plant this lettuce {for big, solid heads Stokes’ Bigger Big Boston is the reliable hard-heading kind — —q the selected strain that market growers plant. It produces uniformly large, solid heads, of fine color, crisp, tender, and sweet. Order seed now for planting in cold frame or early use outdoors. Packet 10 cents, ounce 25 cents, 144 pound 60 cents, pound $2, postpaid. Stokes’ 1914 Seed Book Will Help You Home Gardeners. It will tell you how to Market Gardeners. It offers the tested, plan, plant, and get better crops with Stokes’ proved, profitable varieties. Also ask for mar- Standard Seeds, ket gardeners’ special spring list. Farmers. It lists improved money-making Flower Lovers. It describes several hundred strains of seed corn, oats, potatoes, grass seed kinds of beautiful flowers, vines and shrubs, all and soiling crops. at moderate prices. Write for the Book now — your name on a postal will bring it. Ask for Catalogue 33, and mention the Garden Magazine. WALTER P. STOKES, 219 Market St., PHILADELPHIA Rocky Mountain Shrubs, Evergreens and Native Colorado Flowers are fitted by nature for cold climates. Grown at Rockmont Nursery, one mile above sea level, they are fully acclimatized and their hardiness is developed to the fullest extent. They possess unique points of beauty which give altogether new and pleasing effects with much variety. My illustrated catalogue of native plants contains practical information based on twenty years’ experience which will interest every home owner. Also, a general catalogue of ornamentals for western planters. Either catalogue mailed free. D. M. ANDREWS P. O. Box 493A BOULDER, COLORADO FLORICULTURE Complete Home Study Course in practical Floriculture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell University. Course includes Greenhouse Construction and Management and the growing of Small Fruits and Vege- tables, as well as Flowers Under Glass. Personal Instruction. Expert Advice. 250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 11, Springfield, Mass. Prof. Craig The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories a splendid salad if bits of grape fruit are liberally cut over it; when cooked, the leaves have a brisk spicy taste. We have two or three kinds of dandelions here, || that can be eaten possibly, but not liked. They trouble somewhat in our lawns, but they never become anything like a controlling plant. After trying the Northern dandelion here, I advise every | home keeper to have a choice corner in his garden for a few roots, where there can be plenty of rich dirt and moisture. The only trouble is that the dandelion gets very dirty, and needs to be care- fully sorted and washed. Spinach also is more of a Northern than a South- ern plant. It grows well enough here, where the soil is free of root gall and acidity. I prefer, how- ever, to wait for the young beets, and the carrots, taking them when they will give not only plenty of top, but juicy little bulbs at the bottom. I should dislike very much to be ‘compelled to omit the carrot from my garden. What we cannot use in the house (and we can use them almost every day) are welcomed by horse, cow, and hens. Recently, however, the Department of Agricul- culture has distributed so many new things, from China and Japan and Java and Africa, that we are learning to prefer to all our old friends some of the new ones. You will find, gradually being intro- duced in our gardens, petsai, a Chinese contribu- tion. It looks a little like Swiss chard, and the | leaf stalks can be eaten for celery, when that vege- table is not on hand. We have only to pull off the outer leaves, and these are about as large as the leaf stalks of rhubarb; others will replace them speedily. You can have petsai greens for several | weeks, in fact for three or four months. All greens /are healthful, but celery greens are almost a cure-all for weak stomachs and excitable nerves. The flavor of cooked celery is spicy, and the aroma very appetizing. Swiss chard and young beets rank in my judg- | ment very nearly at the head of all the-old time greens. The best grade of chard gives stalks that are more than one-inch in diameter, and the growth isso rapid that the cut stalks are replaced inside a week. Cabbage and kale and cauliflower grow just as well in the South as in the colder clay soils of the country. Collards and lettuce also come to perfection anywhere in the South. A Northern gardener said to me recently, “I never saw lettuce until I went into one of your little stores down town and found solid heads as big as a half-bushel basket.” The little Mignonette which makes such a fine head in my Northern garden, furn- ishes me here just as good quality in a head one foot in diameter. Nasturtium is used in the North mainly for pickles. The flowers are just as profuse here, and the growth is very rapid. It is good when cooked and may also be used for salad. The plant is satisfied with even the poorest soil that you have. Another corner of your garden, if possible at the foot of a slope, should hold a generous bed of asparagus and rhubarb. A house should be sup- plied with asparagus for two months from its own garden; I have it for six months. A rhubarb bed in this climate will not live through the summer unless very thoroughly shaded. It is best of all located in a bayhead. Asparagus and pie plant must have lots of coarse manure and liquid manure and the more shade the better. ; As a rule all greens require mellow soil, which can be kept moist and worked easily. Most of the sorts ask for very little fertilizer. These early gardens come with us before the rainy season, and it is quite desirable that they be flushed every morning with water. Always soak them well; do not give a mere sprinkling. Pigweed makes good greens; and the much maligned purslane is another that the French have taught us to esteem. Greens should never be put on the table in a sloppy form; each sort should be cooked until tender, and have a flavor distinctly its own. Do not entirely rely upon vinegar, nor curry powder, pepper and salt, to give the flavor. If I cannot lave sorrel or some other acid material out of the garden, for flavoring the more bitter sorts, I find sliced grape fruit very acceptable. Florida. E. P. POWELL. Marcu, 1914 Is Your Home Worth Living In? Then surely it is worth painting and being kept painted. But there’s such a big difference in paints. Choose a paint for its durability, looks and pro- tective properties. Choose SWP (Sherwin-Williams Paint Prepared) because its essential ingredients— pure lead, pure zinc, pure linseed oil—are controlled by the makers from nature to the finished product. We advocate no one of these ingre- dients alone, but use them in proper combinations. Insist on S W P at your dealer’s. Fifty-two colors. Let us send you free our Port- folio of Suggestions for Painting and Decorating. SHERWIN-WILLIAMS PAINTS & VARNISHES & Sales Offices and Warehouses in princi- Jk pal cities. Best dealers everywhere Addre<< all inquiries for Portfolio to 657 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio THE GARDEN WMeAG. AZ TN EB 121 Beautiful Books On GARDENING Now Offered for the First Time to Garden Magazine Readers Unusually Elegant Books Prepared at Great Expense Beautifully Illustrated In Many Colors The Garden at Home HH. Thomas A most beautiful and lavishly illustrated work, containing 12 full page colored plates, and 96 half-tones. It deals with, and thor- oughly explains innumerable ways of adding to the delight of the gardenat home,andshows howit may be filled to overflowingwith luxuriant blossoms, fruits and vegetables. Almost 300 pages, cloth bound, beautiful cover design, $2.00 net, by mail $2.13. The Ideal Garden #1. thoma: A sumptuous book bound to grace and to beautify your library table and at the same time to fully set forth every practical phase of ideal gardening. Decorated witha beautiful cover design in colors and gold, and illustrated with 16 colored plates and almost a hun- dred half-tones, all full page in size. Almost 300 large pages. Cloth bound, $2.00 net; by mail, $2.14. The Happy Garden fay anseu A story depicting the charms of a delightful garden. Written in a manner that will fascinate all garden lovers. Inlaid cover design in colors and gold. Illustrated with colored frontispiece and 22 full-page half-tones. Large 12mo, cloth, $2.00 net: by mail $2.16. (es appt oA" 2 How To Make and By (se M@ Beautiful Gardens “tsitzin then Water P: wriek Be Ts Modern artistic flower gardening, with plans, designs, and pho- tographic illustrations and colored plates. Directions are given for cultivating all kinds of flowers, fruits and vegetables, par- ticular attention being devoted to the designing and laying out of the garden artistically and economically. Six colored plates and almost a hundred black and white illustrations. Large, 12mo, cloth bound, $2.00 net; by mail $2.15. Rock Gardening for Amateurs By H. H. Thomas All about rock gardens. what they are, how cared for. Nat- ural rock gardens, made rock gardens; an alphabetical list of all the best flowers for rock gardening with descriptive and cultural notes. A beautiful book of almost 300 pages, illus- trated with 12 direct color photographs, sixty-four full- page half-tones, and numerous sketches. Large 12mo, cloth bound, $2.00 net; by mail $2.14. (Ready in March. Order now in advance.) (Garden Magazine 3-14) USE THIS COUPON IN ORDERING Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York, N. Y. Gentlemen.—\ enclose $ for which please send me * *Cross Out Titles Not Desired The Wappy Garden, by Mary Ansell, $2.16 postpaid. The Ideal Garden, by H. H. Thomas, $2.14 postpaid. The Garden at Nome. by H. H. Thomas, $2.13 postpaid. Beautiful Gardens, by Walter P. Wright, $2.15 postpaid. Rock Gardening for Amateurs, by H.H. Thomas, $2.14 postprid, PNT Sse trelettieraralae cletetelelais{utelels’/afele nla/sle/eiejs/e,°\=(nivjelo«lq\afa]s]nisja loin vlo[=\=]m LOOK OUT FOR SPARKS : a U No more danger or damage from flying sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- hj place screens. Send for free booklet “Sparks from the Fire-side.”” It tells about the best kind ofa spark guard for your in- dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free booklet and make your plans early. The Syracuse Wire Works = < 107 University Avenue, - Syracuse, N. Y. Grand New Year Book 1914— just printed: shows fruits in actual colors and size. Full of valuable orchard information. Tells what, when and how to plant. Mailed free. ] S The Most Amazing Apple Production in Two Centuries (Trade Mark) & E 2 ns ith is fully described — its glorious record of twenty years in the American orchard is accurately given. No one wit room for a single tree can afford to be without this marvelous fruit. Of exquisite flavor—large, brilliant, waxy red. The book is free. Write for it. STARK BROS. NURSERIES AND ORCHARDS CO., Box 121, LOUISIANA, MO. Fences of all descriptions for City and Suburban Homes. Write today for our Loose-Leaf Catalogue, and state briefly your requirements, AMERICAN FENCE CONSTRUCTION ©, 92 Church Street, New York Uf you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service THE GARDEN MAGAZINE EST 1802 _ Always Reliable AR into the frosts of autumn the rich golden yellow of the Marigold will lhght up your garden with glitter- ing splendor. The most popular of our many Marigolds is the “‘ Pride ofthe Garden, ’ pictured below. The plant itself is dwarf and compact in habit—but the flowers are magnificently large —and of the very richest yellow. A full-sized packet of the seeds of this unusually brilliant flower will be mailed you for 10 cents. We willsend you at the same time acomplimentary copy of our splen- did 1914 catalog—a complete list of everything that is best in seeds. Also that popular little book —‘‘A Thorburn Garden for a Family of Six.”’ Thorburn’s Seeds have been renowned for their uniform purity and fer- tility ever since Thomas Jefferson was President, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 53B Barclay Street, New York ( Bo ak A Hint for Selecting Roses \ X 7 HEN selecting varieties for your rose garden be sure to bear in mind the purpose for which the garden is intended. Is it to be beautiful and picturesque, to give pleasure to the eye as a whole; or is it to produce fine individual blooms for cutting? If the former, varieties should be chosen that will give a profusion and continuance of bloom. Such have mostly small sized flowers, borne in clusters, of which the Ramblers and Baby Ramblers are common examples. Of course, every person who grows roses is already familiar with the popular climbers, Crimson Rambler and Dorothy Perkins, but if you want decorative effect or something different that is sure to please, try some of the hardy climbers of the Wichuraiana type, such as Hiawa- tha, American Pillar, Excelsa and Paradise. The two first mentioned bear clusters of lovely single flowers in great profusion, and Excelsa bears in- tense scarlet crimson flowers, larger than Crimson Rambler, and with superior foliage. For the beds, bush roses of profuse blooming habit, such as Gruss an Teplitz, bright crimson; Clothilde Soupert, white with blush centre; and Hermosa, pink would doubt- less be first recommended, while Annie Mueller and Catherine Zeimet, pink and white respectively, are probably the best ofthe -polyantha or baby rambler group for bedding Gr edging, since they are in constant bloom from early summer until late fall, and would be indispensable in such a garden. ; But if cut blooms are desired, a. different type should be selected, embracing those varieties which produce large, double flowers on long, stout stems. As a rule the canes of these have fewer prickers and their flowers make up in quality what they may lack in quantity. Many varieties combine both requirements to a considerable degree being suit- able for both bedding and cutting. The Hybrid Tea class furnishes many .that are suitable for this double purpose, and an experienced grower would probably give Killarney the honor of first place on his list, as this beautiful pink rose combines distinctive beauty, delightful fragrance, profusion of bloom, hardiness, and good habit of growth. Other excellent pink roses about equally as good are Mad. Caroline Testout, Mad. Jules Grolez, La France and La Detroit. Etoile de France and General McArthur, both dark red; Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, white; Dean Hole and William R. Smith, pink; and the two Cochets, pink and white, have all proved their worthiness to be classed as “best” roses. A rose that I commend heartily because of its all round good qualities is Lady Ashtown, which can be depended upon for perfect blooms under all weather conditions, and its long, perfect stems make it ideal for cutting. For this purpose I would also recommend Pharisaer, lovely and fragrant, and Mme. Leon Paine and Mons. Paul Lede are two salmon colored roses that are easy to grow and are sure to please. Jonkheer J. L. Mock is an acquisition from Holland, not as profuse in bloom as might be desired, but is so strikingly novel in its contrast of pink coloring that it should be in every rose garden. It has the stoutest stem and heaviest bud of any Hybrid Tea I know of. In the Hybrid Perpetual class, from which ex- treme northern growers must make their selections, no rose can surpass Mrs. John Laing, pink. It blooms early, late and all the time, and the flower is large and most beautiful, with good foliage and a stem devoid of thorns. Frau Karl Druschki, pure white, gives us probably the most beautiful Most any mower “‘will do” for a season, but when you have one of the famous “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality Lawn Mowers you have a mower that will be light-running and _perfect-cutting even after a dozen or more years of use—and that without re-grind- ing. AIl of the blades of “PENN- SYLVANIA” Quality Mowers are of crucible tool steel, oil-hard- ened and water-tempered, and sel/f- sharpening.” Just ask your seedsman or hardware dealer about any of the following “PENNSYLVANIA” Quality brands: “PENNSYLVANIA” “GREAT AMERICAN” “KEYSTONE” “CONTINENTAL” “NEW DEPARTURE” and others. MAILED FREE “‘The Lawn — Its making and Care,’’ by a prominent authority, | gladly mailed on request. Look for the “PENNSYLVANIA” trade-mark on the handle. SUPPLEE-BIDDLE HARDWARE COMPANY Box 1575 Philadelphia A GARDEN is never quite complete without attractive, comfortable furniture. We design and makea great variety of Old English Gar- den Furniture, Chairs, Seats, Tables, Trellises, Arbors, Pergolas, Houses and Gates. Send for complete catalog, mentioning this medium. NORTH SHORE FERNERIES ©0., Beverly, Mass. New York Showroom, Craftsman Building, East 39th Street If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions Marca, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 123 a eee EERE ERLE ERLE ENE ERS Ferns and Flowers for dark, shady places Why not develop your ae into a beautiful, natural garden by planting Gillett’s hardy ferns and flowers? Plant beds of Tnillums, Hepaticas, Lady Shppers, Wood Violets, Bloodroots, Dogtooth Violets, etc.,in your shady spots and bring to your home that touch of nature which other plane will not give. OLD BOGS AND SWALES can be transferred into attractive gardens by planting Gillett’s hardy plants suitable for such locations. If you wish to start a Fernery or Rockery, GILLETT has the plants and ferns most needed for such a purpose. Have you a shady nook by the house where grass will not grow? Let me advise you what to plant in such a location. My thirty years of experience in growing native plants and ferns is at your service. Send for my new illustrated descriptive catalog of 80 pages. It’s free. Address ARE Se EO GUO TIES EDW. GILLETT, 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. 9 52 32 9 52 2 Me Se Ne Me Se Se Me Se Me Me M2 Se 2 92 Se Me Me Se NE EE NE SEE Ne Ne Ne Ne Me Me Ne He Ne ENE NE SEE Ne See Marca, 1914 YOR XOR ORO ASATATAT ASAT AT ASAT AT ASAT ASAT AT AS ASATACASAS OOROUOER xe Roses, Plants, Seeds oS Bulbs, Vines, | Shrubs, etc., by eae postpaid. Safe arrival and satisfac- tion guaranteed. 60 years of fair dealing. > Aspiring rose culturists everywhere give them preference because of their vigor, growth, form, color and fragrance. Always grown on their ewnrootsin the fertile soil of New Castle—the centre ofrose propagation in America. Ourlarge variety of miscellaneous shrubs, plants, bulbs and seeds, if » planted properly, make suc- cess acertainty. Safe arrival guaranteed. A course for Home-makers and Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni- versity. Gardeners who understand up- to-date methods and practice are in demand for the best positions. Landscape Gardening “Roses of New Castle” is the title of the most exhaustive book on roses ever published. Elaborately printed in colors, beau- tifully written, immensely practical. Describes our complete stock. Gives information and advice invalu- able to you, butit’s free. Send for your copy today— the supply is limited. HELLER BROS. CO., Rose Specialists Hundreds of carloads of #| Fruit and Ornamental Trees. 1,200 acres, 60 in hardyroses—none better grown. 46 greenhouses of Palms, Ferns, Begonias, Gerani- ums, etc. Immense stock of Superb Cannas, the queen of bedding plants. Large assortment of hardy Perennial Plants, which last for years. 192 -page Catalog FREE. Send for it Today. A knowledge of Landscape Gar- dening is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Pror. CRAIG 250 page catalogue free. Write today. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL — THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 193 Painesville, Ohio HUNTINGTON in quality, rock bottom in price. We offer the world’s finest pro- ductions in flower seeds, annual and perennial flowering plants, bulbs, shrubs, roses, etc., both staple and novelties. 50c. and up 50c. and up $4.00 and up $3.00 and up Aster seed, per oz. = Gladioli per 100 . ° Dahlias, per 100 . Py Parennials in var. per 100 Climbing vines in var. per 100. $4.00 and up Privet in var. per 100 $1.50 and up Berberis Thunbergii per 100 . $2.00 and up Hundreds of professional growers have been using our stocks for years. If we can please your florist we should please you. Write for our price list. Ralph E. Huntington Wholesale Grower of Florists’ Specialties Painesville, Ohio Box 321, New Castle, Ind. Vigorous Velvety Lawns don’t grow by accident.. They are the result of care —in the preparation of the soil and the selection of the seed. You can’t plant or- dinary grass seed and expect a perfect turf. The seed must be a mixture of grasses which will give perma- nent growthand produce a thick, close turf. If to this carefully tested mixture of high quality seed is added plant food, which goes into the ground with the seed, ready to stimu- late its growth, a lawn of ex- ceptionally sturdy growth and velvety texture is the result. Dept. 9, Springfield, Mass. Fertilseed is the result of exhaustive tests with various natural and cultivated grasses, the mixture which was found to produce the finest and most vigorous lawn under all conditions. It is treatéd to insure quick germination and continued growth; and so certain are results that The Kalaka Co., makes the following unqualified guarantee: 1500 Sq. Feet of Lawn Guaranteed for $2 Every $2 package of Fertilseed is absolutely and unqualifiedly guaranteed to produce 1,500 square feet of luxuriant lawn, Never before has lawn seed been so guaranteed, because with ordinary seed it would be impossible to produce such a lawn. Fertilseed is the perfect blending of superior seed, highly and richly fertilized. It cannot fail to produce the results you want. If you have had difficulty in making grass grow on your lawn, you should read “Vigorous and Velv ety Lawns” by Edwin A. Kanst, landscape gardener. We will send it to you without charge. THE KALAKA COMPANY 1117 West 35th Street Chicago, IIL If you wish to systemalize your business the Readers’ Service may be able io offer suggesticns 124 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marca, 1914 Dreer’s Dahlias WE GREW mote than 50 acres last year. Over 800 varieties includ- ing the cream of the world’s novelties as well as the best of the old favorites. As cut flowers for decorating or sending to friends, nothing equals Dahlias in the late summer and fall. You can cut them by the armful every day from even a small bed. The newer types are a revela- tion to most people. Dreer’s Special Dahlia Catalogue is absolutely necessary to all who wish to keep down- to-date on the Dahlia interest which is sweeping over the j country. Mailed free; please mention this publication. 714 Chestnut Street HENRY A. DREER fiiccisi: 12 for $1, postpaid, 75 b for $5 by express. OSE a y S Rhodo. Maximum, the tallest, the longest- leaved, the latest flowering of all Rosebays, is really a prince among them, 12 well-rooted nursery-grown plants for $x post- paid. Similar plants of Kalmia, Leucothoe, Am. Holly, at same rate. 10 Broad-Leaved Evergreens, all dif., inc. 1 each of above and one each of Rhodos. Catawbiense and punctatum, Abelia, Jasminum, Euonymus, Boxwood, postpaid, for $1; 75 larger plants, in starred sorts, for $5 by express at your expense. Evergreen Ground Cover Plants, also a specialty, sent 12 for $1 postpaid, inc. Galax, Hepatica, Vinca, Arbutus, Ferns, English Ivy, etc. Any of these inc. in 75 for $5 offer. Conifers — Carolina Hemlocks, Red Cedars, Balsam Firs, Mountain Pines, etc., 5 cts. to $5 each, acc. to size. Deciduous Flowering Trees and Shrubs, Perennials, Vines, etc., in all favorite sorts, offered at similar rates in my new Pricelist, sent on request. All stock from N. C. mountains; hardy anywhere. Address ROSEBAY NURSERY, Garden City, N. C. Make It More Attra e Let us assist you in making your grounds more attractive. It’s surprising what wonderful results you can get by planting our hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs Complete assortment of strong, healthy plants and vines. We sell direct—no agents to fruit and ornamental trees. double the cost. Send today for new book which describes our complete stock—directions for planting, etc. It’s free. WOODLAWN NURSERIES, 586 Culver Road, Rochester,N.Y. On Strawberry Plants; other varieties such as Raspberry, Blackberry, Currants, Grapes and other roots at very reasonable prices, extra heavy rooted stock NO BETTER PLANTS CAN BE GROWN ANYWHERE. Twenty-one years’ experience in propagating plants. Everything Fully Guaranteed. Descriptive catalogue and prices free. A. R. WESTON & CO., R. F. D. No. 13, Bridgman, Mich. Weal ‘yourself loa “Universal Success Sprayer It’s a little marvel. The ideal outfit for garden, farm and home. Practical for spraying, white-washing, as a fire extinguisher and for many other purposes. Well made in the most practical way for hard use and lasting service. Many other styles of the famous hae = Danity Spray.Pumps await your inspection at your dealer. Some Deming Sprayer is sure to come up to your requirements, for we make pumps for every 99 need and purpose. All are made just as well as we know how after thirty years of experience. For thorough work use Deming Nozzles. Nine kinds in many styles—all guaranteed, Write for Useful Spraying Guide! Tells when and how to spray in garden, field and orchard. Fully de- scribes complete line of Deming Spray Pumps. Ask for your Free . I copy and name of nearest Deming Dealer to-day. "Y THE DEMING CO., 427 Depot St., Salem, Ohio Hand and Power Pumps for all Purposes For information about live stock write to the Readers’ Service blooms of any rose yet introduced and produces them with freedom, but unfortunately the gorgeous flower lacks fragrance. Prince Camille de Rohan and J. B. Clark are probably the best of the very dark roses in this class. Notwithstanding the superiority of the latter over General Jacqueminot in quality of bloom, the old and well-known “Gen. Jack” is a dependable variety that holds its popu- larity well. If you reside in a cold climate, don’t waste time, patience and money on own-root plants. They do not possess the vitality of the budded ones and un- less three-year old stock is purchased, they will prob- ably not survive the first winter after planting. Budded roses have but one fault — the tendency to occasionally throw out wild or sucker growth from below the union of the bud and wild root upon which it is grafted, but this will rarely occur if planted properly. The bud should be placed two inches below the surface when planting is done. If any shoots should break out and grow up from below the bud they can be easily detected and re- moved. It is poor argument to commend own-root roses because of the liability of budded ones to throw out sucker growths that will eventually kill the budded plant, when the former are more likely to die for Jack of sufficient vitality to carry them through the first winter. Own-root roses are easier to propagate, can be produced more cheaply, than the budded plants. [Each kind of plant has its advocates, and the question “ which is best?” will apparently never die. Then, again, different var- ities behave differently on different stocks— Eps.| ROSE CANKER The past season brought a new pest to my rose garden. Early in the spring, as soon as they began to come in leaf, I noticed that many appar- ently strong and vigorous canes would, one after another, wither and die as if blasted. Examined as to cause, a bronzy, brownish ring would be found encircling the cane near the ground. I immediately went through them, cut out all diseased wood, gave a liberal spraying with bordeaux, and sent speci- mens to our State Zoodlogist and also to the Plant Pathologist of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C. Replies from these gentlemen confirmed my own opinion that it was caused by an anthracnose. I am indebted to the Government Pathologist for the information that it is a fungus (Coniothyrium Fuckelii), which causes the disease known as canker. In nearly every rose garden I visited last summer I found it prevalent to an alarming extent. It is said to be most severe on young wood, but I found fine old bushes entirely destroyed by it in gardens where its presence was not suspected or not noticed until too late. It first begins as a brownish spot, which spreads rapidly until it encircles the cane near the ground, when, the sap supply being cut off, it withers up as if scalded. The cure is to remove and burn all diseased parts, and spray with bordeaux mixture. Occasional future sprayings should be given to the canes during the summer, and again before being _given their winter protection, and also in the following spring, as soon as uncovered, before the leaves appear. In a garden affected with rose canker the exces- sive use of nitrogenous fertilizer should be avoided and over-watering should be guarded against. Ar the disease is highly infectious, it is doubtleg transmitted from bush to bush by the pruning shears, and so this operation would call for great caution, pruning no healthy wood with shears that had been used to remove diseased parts unless they had been properly sterilized. Pennsylvania. H. G. REavIne. Poppies and Asparagus ee A very small garden, where utility and beauty are to be combined, would it be feasible to plant poppies in the asparagus bedP— C. W. L., Nebraska. —We would not advise sowing poppies and asparagus together. The asparagus grows very quickly in the spring and soon attains a height of several feet. The poppies do not grow as rapidly and consequently would be smothered. It will be much better to keep the poppies on the outer border as they must have plenty of sunshine. Marca, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 125 POPULAR PRICED = Garden Books Published by Runks & Wagnalls Company Garden Planning —t Garden Planning and Plant- ing. By H. H. Thomas. Full, My practical, concise directions “Gee for laying out all sorts and sizes of gardens, with numer- ous designs for flower beds and borders. Pro- fusely illustrated. Cloth bound. 6oc. net; by mail 67¢. Sweet Peas and How to Grow Them. By H. H. Thomas. How to grow sweet peas successfully, by a man who knows everything about sweet peas, from a discussion of varieties through the various methods of raising them; to their diseases. Illustrated. Cloth bound. 6oc. net; by mail 67c. Perpetual Carnations. By L. J. Cook. Full and practical in- z a structions for the successful cul- 4 tivation of the perpetual flower- coats eee REENHOUSE COUNSEL expert grower. Many illustra- tions. Cloth bound. 75c. net; IT’S PRE-BUILDING VALUE by mail 8rc. Little Gardens and How to Make the Most of BR. Them. By H. H. Thomas. How to make a garden, how it should be planted, how to cultivate it, and the best flowerst#o use— the making and care of lawns, the culture of roses, carnations, sweet peas, hardy flowers, fruits and vegetables. The illustrations furnish a hundred and one practical gardening suggestions. Cloth bound. 6oc. net; by mail 67c. F GREENHOUSE building were like other kinds of building, practically any builder could build a greenhouse. . Ga But it is not so. rde ng Of prime importance in greenhouse building, is an exact knowledge of plant life and its varying requirements. On a greenhouse concern’s ability and facilities to meet these requirements, hinges the success of your house. It might be built ever so well—but located wrongly. Built strongly but shut out too much light. The ventilation be wrong. The heat wrong. The benches wrong. Any one of which by itself is serious enough; but when taken in combinations is seriously serious. The value then of taking the question up and counseling with a firm of long established reputation becomes self evident. First GARDENING Over 60 years of greenhouse heating and a quarter of a century of greenhouse Steps 4 building experience, is what we base our counsel on. 5 H Our house may not be the cheapest, but it will actually cost less— results im By W. P. Wright and E. J. Castle. How to and durability considered. succeed in the cultivation of flowers, fruits ieee 5 A z andieardentoropsiwithihelptullsueeestions\onpropagation: If you are thinking of having a greenhouse, let us counsel with you either window boxes, bedding-out, and all other branches of gar- by mail or in person. You are of course welcome to our catalog. den work. Illustrated. Cloth bound. 6oc. net; by mail 67c. ,_ Gardening Difficulties H itchin as Co mpan By H. H. Thomas. Solved: a di atin MPM Practical to-the. = = Philadelphia Office: Penn. Bldg. point information : : 1170 Broadway 15th and Chestnut Sts. that will meet all the ordinary diffi- Boston, 49 Federal Street, John Hancock Bldg. culties which confront the possessor FE = BM barls. IN of a garden. Numerous illustrations. actory: izabeth, New Jersey Cloth bound. 6o0c. net; by mail 67c. Remit by cash, money-order, stamps, check, etc., to FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Dept. 9, 354-60 Fourth Avenue New York, N. Y. $$ QUINN MEET YOUR FRIENDS AT THE COUNTRY LIFE PERMANENT EXPOSITION Grand Central Terminal, New York City Set your mind at rest about your trees. Let a Doubleday, Page & Company invite your in- spection of their Farm and Garden Books on sale at the Country Life Permanent Exposition. There are also over 40 other interesting ex- hibits dealing with Country Problems. Music AND ILLUSTRATED LECTURES ON COUNTRY LIFE, DAILY Luncheon Served in the Rustic Tea Garden Open Week Days from 9 A. M. to6P. M. Admission Free i000 00 Expert examinations without charge. If your trees serious trouble. Davey Tree Surgeons only are good tatives carrying credentials available everywhere. E < aoa 5 ie xamine o) 322 Elm Street, Kent, Ohio your trees need no attention, you want to know it; if they do, you Davey Tree ought to know it. Winter storms may have started enough for the U. S. Government. If you want real Expert Tree Surgery it must be Davey Tree Surgery. Represen- : Write today for beautiful free book. 2 THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. JOHN DAVEY Branches, with telephone connections: New York, Father of Tree Surgery Philadelphia, Chicago, Montreal, San Francisco. now ~ COPYRIGHT 1912 ; ; NMA ATTN uN LLL The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate 126 | | Si PAG >} oO ” 1050 INNA N o —_ 47) MII Se tica mark Swas Wate Contains et) new Material | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE RUDYARD KIPLIN personally supervised the preparation of this definitive set of his works THE SEVEN SEAS EDITION Only 1050 Sets—Each Set Signed by the Author A special representative was sent to England to arrange with Mr. Kipling the details of this autograph edition. The set has been issued in. handsome binding, printed from a new “Kipling” face of type on fine rag paper bearing the water mark: R ie K Mr. Kipling worked over these volumes, making changes and suggestions until he had them in the form in which he wished his work to be preserved. As a further proof of his approval and association with every detail, Mr. Kipling has rearranged the literary material in the sequence in which he wishes it to remain, including new matter, now for the first time collected in book form, and has autographed the first volume of each set. The Seven Seas Edition is sure to increase in value because of its beauty and its association with Mr. Kipling. _ It will be a possess- ion to be handed down to one’s children’s children. SPECIAL TERMS :—Great care is being exercised in issuing these volumes and but two are to be published every other month. We haye arranged to have our customers pay for | the books as delivered—$6.00 a month. This puts the almost invaluable Seven Seas Edition within reach of all Kipling admirers. Write us to reserve a set or if additional information is desired ask for descriptive circular. Price $138.00 for a Set—6% Discount for Cash Order Address : DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, N. Y. 205 Gladioli for 25 Cts. Part Will Bloom This Season and All Second This SPECIAL OFFER includes 200 little bulbs or bulb- This is not a cheap mixture, but composed entirely of choice named _ varieties. Illustrated book on the Gladiolus FREE. JOE COLEMAN, Grower, Lexington, Ohio lets and five larger bulbs. Choice Evergreens and Shrabbers Our meth ods of culture and perfected business system enable us to offer the highest grade Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens. Herbaceous Plants, Fruit Trees, etc., at prices which defy compe- tition. Send for Illustrated Catalog and colored plate of the beautiful new Mallows. MONTROSE NURSERIES MONTROSE NEW YORK Postpaid. Westchester County IMP. SOAP SPRAY Well known, highly efficient spray for all Insect Pests, Apple Trees, Roses, Shrubs. No mineral poisons, clean, odorless, sticks but will not discolor. Most Effective Results. I gal., $1.65 Cattle. Harmless to Birds and 5 gal., $6.50 Dilute with 24 to 40 parts water Ask your dealer or write EASTERN CHEMICAL COMPANY, BOSTON The Readcrs’ Service gives information about investments Marca, 1914 Geraniums for Summer or Win- ter Bloom? F YOU have geraniums in flower during the sum- mer you cannot have flowers from the same plants during the winter. This is a great surprise to some people who look upon the plant as a sort of continuous flowering performance. To have large flowers during the winter in the house, take cuttings of the varieties you like in Open up the geranium plant and stake down the stalks to make a spreading plant March or April, root them in sand and then pot up into thumb pots. Later shift into 4-inch and make the final shift to 6-inch pots. As soon as the weather is warm enough plunge the plants into the ground, out-of-doors. Allow no buds to mature. Open up the plant — that is, cut out leaves and branches so that the light can pass through. Train the plant flat by tying the stalks with rafha or pinning down with wires, as shown in the pictures. Toward the end of the summer harden off the The result —a fine bushy plant for the window garden plants by withholding water. Do not let them suffer for lack of moisture, but keep them rather dry. Just before cold weather take the geraniums into the house. At that period, you should have plants that are low, well spread out, with well ripened wood that is ready to send out flowers from every shoot. When the blossoms appear, a little feeding will help the color and size of the flowers. Massachusetts. L. J. DoocuE. Marcu, 1914 Beautiful Lawn Is to the house as the setting to a gem. A beautiful home beauti- fully located, deserves a beautiful lawn sur- rounding it. Ordinary grass seed or sod will notdo. You must get Waterer’s Special Evergreen Lawn Grass to get best results. It is the best that money can buy—the result of 30 years’ experience in lawn making in Europe and America. It is a blend of ten of the finest dwarf-growing, slender-leaved, hardy grasses—early, medium and late (practically evergreen) and all of them of permanent character (not annual), and all tested for the trying American climate. SEND FOR OUR BOOKLET GIVING = FULL PARTICULARS AND PRICES FREE RMGB” Everything for the Garden and Lawn—Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Implements—all of the choicest the world affords. Catalogue FREE. HOSEA WATERER 1% S. 7th St., PHILADELPHIA “‘He who has planted a garden feels that he has done some- thing for the good of the world’’.— Charles Dudley Warner. Before ordering your Gladiolus Bulbs send for our Catalog which contains descrip- tions of the best that Europe and America have produced, includ- ing many varieties not listed elsewhere—all grown in our own gardens. CHAMBERLAIN & GAGE Wellesley, Mass. The Readers’ Service THE GARDE N ONG AZ IN LE 127 The New Roses You Should Plant This Year Each year, when new roses are introduced, I buy plants and bloom them in my own garden— this gives me a chance to know just what they will do under ordinary garden culture. Besides these I have introduced a number of roses that I have grown from seedlings. My collection now includes the truly desirable sorts for rose gardens everywhere. Here you will find the finest of the Hybrid Perpetuals, the Dainty Teas, and Hybrid Teas, the Wichura- lanas and the new climbing roses. My 1914 Novelties include Alexander Hill Gray (T.\, lemon-yellow; British Queen (H.T.), white; Chrissie McKellar (H. T.), crimson-carmine; Duchess of Sutherland (H. T.), rose pink; Earl of Gosford (H. T.), dark crimson; Geoffery Henslow (H. T.), orange-crimson; George Elger (Poly.), coppery yellow; Irish Fireflame, orange and crimson; Lady Alice Stanley (H. T.), coral red and flesh; Louise-Catherine Breslau (H. T.), coral red; Madame Charles Lutand (H. T.), yellow and scarlet; Madame Edouard Herroit, terra cotta; Moon- light (H. T.), white, flushed lemon; Mrs. A. Kingsmill, pink and rose; Queen Mary (H. T.), yellow and carmine; Source d’Or (Cl. Wich.), golden yellow; Willowmere (H.T.), shrimp pi The plants I offer are two years old, grown in the fields about my gardens, and will bloom the first summer after planting. ll first quality plants. My catalog differs from the ordinary rose catalog and if you are planning a rose garden I will send you a copy free. Write me today about your plans. M. H. WALSH Box 57, Woods Hole, Mass. Sea Lat cae SE The Manor House at Walnut Hall Farm Seed Your Lawn This Spring with Pedigreed Kentucky Blue Grass Seed While the ordinary blue grass seeds of commerce doubtless contain some traces of the original Kentucky stock, the addition of common seeds, made necessary because of the high cost of pure stock, is so great as to rob them of their essential character and to produce poor imitations of the blue grass lawns as grown in ‘“‘Old Kentucky.” In order to preserve the purity and to maintain the prestige of the genuine Kentucky Blue Grass, the management of the greatest farms in Central Kentucky have arranged with the Kentucky State Agricultural College to test every lot of their seed which is then shipped direct to the consumer in officially sealed bags. KENTUCKY THOROBRED BLUE GRASS SEED tifically conducted as the production of thoroughbred live stock. Seed your lawn with this seed and you will secure the most beautiful stand of grass that can be grown. It will be uniform, free from weeds and common grasses, fine and velvety in texture and is the yield of Elmendorf, Walnut Hall, Woodbum, Hamburg Place and Castleton, five of the greatest farms in America, comprising more than 25,000 acres of the finest Blue Grass soil and famous for their thoroughbred stock and their wonderful farm and dairy produce. This seed has all been tested by the very tenacious of life. The official seal of the grow- experts of the State Agricultural College and is ers and the tests of the State College are vour guar- guaranteed for purity, germination and rugged antee. Order at once as the seeding season growing power. Its production has been as scien- is at hand. Prices by Parcel Post, Prepaid 85e nee Ib. 8 Ibs. for 1.00 (enough to seed 900 to 1200 aq. ft.) #4.00 Per Bushel (14 Ibs.) Special prices on orders of 5 bushels or more. CENTRAL KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS SEED CO. 115 Cheapside, Lexington, Ky. We solictt correspondence with responsible dealers gives information about insurance “A Thing of beauty is a joy for- ever.”? A Greenhouse which com- bines permanency with common sense practical features and then is so built that its sweeping harmon- ious lines make it a thing of beauty, is certainly a joy forever. King Channel-Bar Greenhouses are the result of years of experience in building for professional growers. This construction permits of great strength without the necessity of heavy shadow casting supports, gives the plants every bit of sunlight all day, and is at the same time adapt- able to the demands of the architect. Every King House is practical, per- manent, productive and of rare. beauty. A joy forever. Send today for bulletin No. 43 and let us tell you more about the various sizes and types. KING GARDEN FRAMES Have many novel features. We are illus- trating the “King Jr.” — painted two coats, top and sides glazed with double thick glass. Sash hinged to the ridge making it easy for any woman to handle and work. Ship- ped knocked down for $15.00. Our Bulletin No. 42 describes many kinds of garden frames and gives valuable informa- tion aboutxtheir use. Write for it today. KING CONSTRUCTION CO. 255 Kings Road North Tonawanda, N. Y. All the Sunlight all day Houses What Where | enand We Can Help You GET RESULTS! THE GARDEN MAGAZINE _ Which, Early or Late Crops? Ree average man with a vegetable garden pro- ducing more than is necessary for his own fam- ily, naturally wants to dispose profitably of some of his produce. And as a rule his grocer is glad to exchange staple articles for fresh vegetables. In this way a small amount of money can be realized each year. But the average man seldom thinks of what he might make if he were to study the needs of his local market. He thinks that he has accomplished his labors if he has brought all of his plants into vigorous growth and heavy bearing. But the market end oi the gardening business is all important. On which, then, can the man with a small garden make more — early or late crops? In my own ex- perience I have found that the answer depends on the kinds of crops to be grown. ‘There is always a good market for some early fruits and vegetables, whereas others receive higher prices when they come into the market late. As a general rule, very late crops are the more profitable; for not only do they appear to the buyer to be unusual, but he realizes that he may have to wait eight or nine months before he can get the same product fresh from the garden again. In the spring, when every kind of plant is growing rapidly, there is a promise of early and abundant crops of everything, and or- dinary people will not buy the high-priced fruits and vegetables then displayed for sale, preferring to wait until the price comes down or until their own gardens begin to bear. However, there are at least two early crops that are money-makers. These I have found to be tomatoes and green peas. By starting tomato plants in a small box; by transplanting them into 1-inch pots when they had put out three leaves; by placing these pots in the hotbed early in March; and by transplanting again into 5-inch pots at the end of that month, I have had the largest varieties of tomatoes on the verge of blooming when I set the plants on May 3. These big tomatoes ripened two or three weeks before there were any others for sale. The largest brought 5 cents apiece; the average sizes were readily sold for $2 a bushel. From forty early plants I sold $12 worth of early tomatoes; using meanwhile all that were necessary for the table. Tomatoes, therefore, when handled carefully pay remarkably well as an early crop. Green peas belong in this same class. To bring this crop two or three weeks ahead of the ordinary market, I spade the ground in the fall, supplying it then with a liberal quantity of manure. As early in the spring as the top is dry, I rake it smooth and plant my peas, planting two double rows four inches apart. From two such rows I gathered eight and a half bushels of peas (the rows were 65 feet long), of which 7 bushels were sold at $1.40 a bushel. Planting an extra late crop that developed in the early part of August, I was surprised to find that there was no sale for peas then. Probably corn and lima beans appeal to people at that time as being more seasonable. But early peas certainly pay; as the vines are not injured by frosts, plant them just as soon as the ground is fit to be trenched. I should like to recount my experience with two other crops, both of them late. One usually asso- ciates string beans with the summer months, and most gardeners take no trouble to grow a late crop. But since this is one of the favorite vegetables, it is reasonable to suppose that there would be a sale for late beans. And there is, almost without excep- tion. Moreover, string beans develop a fine growth in the mellow days of autumn, and the yieldis likely tobeheavy. From twoshort rows I have sold sev- eral bushels of beans at $1.60 a bushel. They are, of course, liable to be caught by frost; but that is a danger to nearly every late crop except celery. In the home garden, late strawberries can be made to pay well. During the present season there was a time when I could get no more than four cents a box for splendid Marshall and William Belt Marcu, 1914 Bcs7) Popular Perennials —the flowers of our grandparents, brought to a perfection of which they never dreamed — are helpfully described in our 1914 Specialty Plant Book. Meehans’ New June Phlox—a distinctive drought-resisting type of our own introduction. Primula Polyantha — commonly called Cow- slips in England — are too little used in America. Their varied colors, their masses of bloom from April to June, make them ideal for that shaded border. (See cut.) Wistaria, in Standard or Tree-form; Althaea for hedges; Roses for all purposes; and Shrubs and Perennials of all sorts, are listed separately and also in special collections with proper com- binations and planting plans worked out for you. Write today for this helpful free catalog. If you have a new, unplanted property of less than an acre, ask also for our Sasser New Property Proposition. Thomas Meehan & Sons Box 17 Germantown, Philadelphia STS 1 AERC EURSAAR AR SH { PEARSALL SANTANA NATE NEVE RAREST WR RTE SUTIN AND SMALL FRUITS of berries, grapes, etc., are listed in my 7974 Catalog. The proven productive varieties Contains finest small fruits, vegetable roots, fruit 5 trees, and decorative stock. Tells all about my Get to vay. unique Money,-Saving Sales Plan. It is free— WEP New write today. x ARTHUR J. COLLINS j Box 238 Moorestown, N. J. Jd les PI d n OKLEY’S FRUIT PLANTS Michigan’s best, hardy, well rooted stock from old es- tablished growers. All varieties of Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, etc. Also the great Everbearing Straw- berry. Moderate prices. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. J. N. Rokley’s Nurseries, R8, Bridgman, Mich. Your garden three weeks earlier If you use Paper Pots Start your melons, sweet corn, lima beans and cucumbers in paper pots now indoors or under glass and when the ground is warm set them out without taking out of the pots, and they will be ripe three to four weeks earlier. J. S. Waddle, of Romney, W. Va., writes: “They are the greatest thing to advance plants I have ever used.” B. C. Garman, of Birminghan, Ala., writes: “The pots have made me $500 profit in the last two years.” Prof. R. L. Watts, o: the Penna. State Experi- Our Booklet “WHAT, WHERE, WHEN and HOW to PLANT” insures SUCCESS. It is “‘chuck- full” of FACTS. If you know WHAT, WHERE and HOW, you can save money by knowing what to order, and also save losses, timeand disappointment. Price, postpaid, roc. P. BOHLENDER & SONS Box 105 Tippecanoe City, O. af 5 (ii 3 oi ”? berries ripening in mid-season; but for my Gandys, ment writes: ““They are entirely satisfactory. Hunns, Samples, and Commonwealths I got 25 cents a box, and the demand was insistent. Early berries have to compete with those grown in the South; but late varieties have practically no out- side, and very little local, competition. It is decidedly better to grow some crops late and some early if the gardener expects not only to sup- ply his family but also to clear a reasonable profit. Pennsylvania. ARCHIBALD RUTLEDGE. 250 3-inch pots prepaid by parcel post any where east of the Mississippi for $1. By express, purchaser Paying transportation, $1.25 the thousand. Pots shipped flat and easily put together by any one, See illustrated article in January GARDEN MacazinE for full description P. B. Crosby & Son, Catonsville, Md. What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service Marca, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 129 Orchid Flowering Sweet Peas A Quarter Pound For a Quarter named Spencer varieties, all carefully se- lected, ranging from purest white to darkest crimson. These Spencer varieties are rightly termed “Orchid Flowering”’, owing to their size, color and their lovely frilled and fluted flowers often four to a stem. In our GARDEN GUIDE there are fourteen pages devoted to Sweet Peas and valuable cul- tural suggestions by an expert Sweet Pea grower. It is also a complete catalog of BODDING- TON’S QUALITY SEEDS, BULBS and ROSES. This Guide is full of helpful gardening hints. Where shall we send the Sweet Peas and the Guide? The Guide is free. Send a post card for one today. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 340 West 14th St. New York oe offer contains the finest mixture of The North-Eastern Forestry Co. “*We raise our own trees” Hardy, well-rooted Evergreen Seedlings and Transplants for com- mercial and ornamental planting. WHITE PINE for under planting, lining out in Nursery rows or forestry purposes. RED PINE, a beautiful tree for commercial or ornamental planting. SCOTCH PINE, a hardy, fast-grow- ing species. Will thrive on the poorest soul. NORWAY SPRUCE, an excellent tree for wind breaks and ornamental work. CATALOG containing other species sent upon request. The North-Eastern Forestry Co. Cheshire, Conn. ’Twas Soil That Made The County Famous For top dressing use Coho Tobacco Soil, pre- pared in the richest agricultural county in the United States. Sample bag roo lbs. $1.00 f. 0. b. Lancaster, Pa. RALPH W. COHO LANCASTER, PA. Peror Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Ny Se Save the Trees Fly, etc., by spraying your trees with ; = UO f GOOD'S2"FISH Pee POTASH j 2 SOAP NOS sae Sure death to tree pests. Contains nothing injurious to { al trees —fertilizes the soil. Used and endorsed by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. FRE Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write for it today. Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Phila. JAMES GOOD, For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service ray ES SW WAS ran AN K&S WA s\ S al Arr eo ee Ye W.- Py Uf CAI (MWA UW\G7 YUN ANY B q A Is to show the right trees and shrubs in actual decorative use, in a | different nursery which is itself planted like a great park. Indeed, Andorra Nurseries begin at the end of Fairmount Park, on Phila- delphia's famed Wissahickon Drive and are equally beautiful. In this different sort of nursery grow selected, tested, trained and grouped trees and shrubs in completed effects, much as “furnished rooms’ in a modern furniture store replace the old bewildering rows of chairs and tables, By “The Andorra Way” you can see just how your home may be quickly given beauty, maturity, bloom andcomfort. The rolling contour of Andorra’s hundreds of acres, its situation of shade and sun, of damp and drouth, afford a sure test of position and prosperity for trees and shrubs. See Andorra! We liketo show its unusualities, and talk of the planting problems and possibilities which our unmatched conditions make practicable. Write us if you cannot come; we know our work and can sense your needs. ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper, Proprietor Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. NY iis WW i DH task Gye oo ae 4 ae [fis UM By WY i “| i} TREES, SHRUBS & PLANTS By the millions, quality guaranteed, 1 and 2 year Apple; also Peach trees, Asparagus, Downing Gooseberries, Privet Hedging, etc. Ask for our new catalogue with attractive prices. THINGS THAT THRIVE Peonies, iris, shrubs, roses, etc. Just plant something to make you glad. Fred W. Card, Box 100, Sylvania, Pa. Westminster, Maryland IRISE Here at The Gardens, we specialize in this one most artistic flower in its hundreds of varieties and colors. Being the only Specialists in America growing, and offering IRISES exclusively, we have the most wonderful collection to be found any- where, acres of them, over 750 varieties. If you area lover of flowers you will want some of these popular varieties for your Hardy Garden. We are doing for the Iris what Kelway of England, Lemoine of France, and the leading specialists of America are doing for the mod- ern Peony. SEND AT ONCE FOR BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE. ERITH N. SHOUP DAYTON, OHIO The Westminster Nursery EXCLUSIVELY! THE GARDENS -_ =- 130 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Do You Know Joseph Conrad’s Books? John Galsworthy, author of “‘The Dark Flower’, does. He says— “The writing of these ten books (Conrad’s) is probably the only writing of the last twelve years that will enrich the English language to any great extent.” There is much talk of the lack of quality in our literature to-day. One reason may be that—being so close to it—we pass the great work by. This is a Warning Against Overlooking perhaps the greatest artist writing in English to-day—a man whose books are strikingly original, who has little or nothing in common with English authors who preceded him, who draws his inspiration not from letters, but from the rich and varied life that he has led 1n all the quarters of the earth. That Man is Joseph Conrad If you feel that English and American books are provincial—that their outlook on life is limited—then Conrad’s books will astound you. For his characters and his themes are universal—you meet them anywhere and everywhere—and he has a great vision of mankind pitted in an eternal struggle with Nature. We Must Not Wait for the Next Generation to Give Conrad His Due Already he has given twenty devoted years to his art. It’s a rare thing—honor- ing a genius in his own day—but we can do it. Galsworthy, Wells, Bennett and the others know great literature when they read it. And every man and woman who reads him will recognize Conrad’s genius as they have. His last book has been out a littleovera year. Imagine how thrilling it must have been to have read the masterpieces of Turgenev, Tolstoy, and Flaubert a year after their appearance. ““Twixt Land and Sea’’ will give you just such a thrill. Three gripping tales of the tropics—done with consummate artistry and throbbing with romance and power. Each can be read at a sitting, but most likely you will stop only when you have read all three. There Is Not a Dull Line In the Book There are at least 100,000 people who would revel in Twixt Land and Sea. The sooner they read it the greater will be their pleasure. And not to know Conrad’s latest book places you at a certain disadvantage in the literary life and discussion of the day. Your bookseller has all of Conrad’s book’s—or he can get them for you. Doubleday, Page & Company issue an illustrated brochure on his life and books, with a useful bibliography which they send gratis to any one who writes them for it. Their address is Garden City, New York. There will be more about Conrad in this magazine next month 40 ACRES solid to Superb Progressive, Amer- icus and other best everbearers, Get acquainted offer for testing. Send us 10c. for mailing expense, and we will send you 6 high quality everbearing plants (worth $1) and guarantee them to fruit all summer and fall, or money re- funded. Catalogue with history FREE if you write today. SEEDS "AS, SURE AS SUWNSEUNES Market Gardeners’ Specialties Send at once for catalogue Marcu, 1914 Important Odd Jobs for March IE YOU followed directions, you have already spaded the ground around the shrubs and left it rough. Go over this and smooth it off some time when the soil is moderately dry. Leave the suriace dished a little around the stems; this will be a help in watering during some of the hottest days next summer. Such succulent plants as the sedums and mesem- bryanthemums grow very rapidly and have prob- ably wandered outside of the place planned for them. Prune back severely or entirely remake the beds. I much prefer the latter method. Make cuttings from the best plants and put in these instead of the plants themselves. Cuttings take root readily and soon make nice plants with an abundance of bloom. : There are two good ways of increasing your bed of chrysanthemums: by dividing the plants and by cuttings. Dig up all the plants, being careful not to injure the roots any more than you can help. Pulverize the soil thoroughly and work in a little manure. If the plants are to be divided, prune back the stems to within six inches of the ground, plant them about eighteen inches apart in a mellow soil and give plenty of water. If you decide to grow from cuttings, place them in moist sand in the house or in a protected frame. Keep shaded for a few days. As soon as they are rooted pot them in 3-inch pots; leave them in the protected frame under a shade until they have made another start; give them plenty of air, but avoid freezing until they are about six inches high. Then they are ready to plant where they are to bloom. Chrysanthemums require lots of water. They should never be allowed to thirst from the time the cutting is made until the plants have finished bloom- ing. It is a good plan to mulch them with strawy manure during the hottest weather. This feeds them and at the same time prevents the soil from drying out. To get the best flowers, there must be a system- atic pinching back of buds. One main shoot should be allowed to grow and the side shoots kept pinched back. If a flower bud should appear on this stalk before the proper time, pinch it off. The dates for the last pinching back have been worked out for the varieties mentioned and are given in the follow- ing list after the description. If a bud appears only about a week before this date, it is well to leave it, but if buds appear much earlier than that they should be removed. It is rather difficult to recommend varieties of chrysanthemums because nearly every dealer has a different list. The few that are mentioned are good, but there are also many others just as good. Beatrice May, pure white with incurved petals. August ro. Charles Cronin, salmon buff flowers of immense size. Aug- ust 25. Colonel Appleton, golden yellow, a late bloomer with in- curved petals. September 15. ] Crimson Pocket, crimson and gold with incurved petals. ° Be fd August 20. The GARDNER NURSERY CO. 0.H. DICKINSON, 243 Worthington St., Springfield, Mass. F. S. Vallis, yellow blossoms with narrow, twisted petals. Box 118 OSAGE, IOWA August 20. Helen Fricke, dark pink; alate bloomer of good form. Octo- ber 5. Kinkora, pink, mid-season. August 30. Marion Hankey, bright pink with broad petals. August 15. Wm. Duckham, yellow, develops exceptionally fine blooms. August 20. Mrs. W: Knox, soft yellow; a large blossom with reflex petals. August 25. Mrs. H. Partridge, crimson with under side of petals old gold. August 20. Major Bonaffon, yellow, a good variety to sell from. Sep- tember Io, October Frost, white, early blooming. August 20. You can now buy direct from Grover, the grower, high grade, best quality, fully matured Fruit Trees at $10 PER100 and up. All Ornamental Trees, shrubs, roses, etc., at wholesale prices. Don’t order until you get our free illustrated catalog. Send tonight. GROVER NURSERY CO. Dahlias & Gladioli First quality bulbs at Prices Lower than others. Catalogue and Special Inducement Price List free. Write for it. It will interest you. The Floral & Garden Association, Specialists Rochelle Park, New Jersey 2 94T t Bldg., Rochester, N.Y- GROVER’ ey 01ND Write to the Readers’ Service for information about live stock Marcu, 1914 Two Rosedale Booklets Will put you wise. Your address NOW will bring you No. 35 at once; No. 36 June /st. These booklets not only give sizes and prices but also many hints about the selection and culture of Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Roses and Perennials suitable for the improvement of your grounds. many cultural directions through correspondence with our These booklets are supplemented by customers. Our stock is trained to highest quality and ut- most care is used in digging and packing so that it may grow immediately it is transferred to your grounds and produce the best results. Moreover, prices this year are especially attractive. No. 36 (ready June Ist) will give you Import Prices of Holland Bulbs which are about 20% less than the fall prices. Most enthusiastic customers, many of whom we annually supply, is the best evidence of the high quality of our ser- vice, and our best advertisement. Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. My sister-in-law, Mrs. has had great success with your roses. I want to order some. e number and names are marked on your list. Please send bill at the same time. Rosedale Nurseries Box A Tarrytown, N. Y. The New Poison in the Tube will rid your place of roaches in one night “Tsed one tube about my place last night—68 dead rats this morn- ing.” —C.V. Anderson, Sterling, Colo. Clean, simple, sure. No mixing no spreading—just press the tube, the paste will spread itself. Use on any kind of bait. Keeps indefinitely. Get a tube now and rid yourself of these destructive, germ-spreading pests. 25c and $1. tubes at any druggist’s, or direct from us prepaid. Guar- anteed to work or money refunded. THE RAT BISCUIT COMPANY 914 N. Limestone St., SPRINGFIELD, 0. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 131 Cedar Acres Gladioli “BULBS THAT BLOOM” ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET Gives full information how to grow prize-winning Gladioli, and a complete list of the best new, as wellas the old varieties. CEDAR ACRES GLADIOLI have won many prizes in America and Europe and it is my intention to maintain this standard. GREENHOUSE VARIETIES given full description and should be grown by everyone who has glass. You should also know about the GIFT BOX. This LITTLE BOOKLET will help you greatly in planning your garden, for it is full of practical suggestions. It is free ££ | for the asking. Let me send it to you and Dawn to your friends. The garden will be incomplete without Gladioli B. HAMMOND TRACY Address Box B Wenham, Mass. W222 LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL ddd dd LLL ff Cutaway Disk Harrows Work Up The Soil Finer Than Other Harrows And Are Lighter Draft For more than a quarter century we have been making Cut- AwAy (CLARK) disk harrows for men who want to till their land more thoroughly, more intensively, than is gener- ally practised. Today Cutaway (CLARK) implements are the standard of real worth. They are constructed with utter dis- regard of the designs followed by makers of other disk harrows. They are built to pulverize the soil finer than other harrows will do, and to do it without increasing the draft. We make OVER 100 STYLES AND SIZES ) | The Disks Are Forged strawberries, raspberries, currants, goose- joer berries, blackberries, dewberries, grapes (tae and all kinds of fruit trees and shrubs. E3957 Also seed potatoes, rhubarb, horseradish, asparagus, etc. Send names and addresses of 5 fruit growers and get fine currant bush free. Catalog free, W.N.SCARFF, _ New Carlisle, Ohio We manufacture hundreds of exclusive styles. Wire and Ornamental Jron guaranteed Fences for every purpose; Gates, etc. (Write for our Free Catalog and our First Order and Early Buyers’ Special Offer! WARD FENCE MFG. CO., 266 Penn St., Decatur, Indiana Buy direct from our factory. 213 R. R. St, Kittrell, N. C. The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate Improving Lima Beans Was doubt the most interesting feature about the careful and intensive growing of lima beans is the fact that the average gardener can, by home growing and selecting, permanently im- prove the type of beans that he regularly grows. Three years ago I decided that while the so-called Giant Pole limas were undoubtedly fine, a very much larger and better bean could be produced. Having, therefore, bought from a reliable seedsman some of the Giant lima seed, I planted it with es- pecial care, having taken double precautions to get the ground rich and mealy. As the growing plants developed I husbanded their strength by encouraging them to take hold at once of the fence against which they were planted. I did not trim back their tips, but let them run at will. During the late spring I gave them one appli- cation of liquid manure, moderatcly strong. In the drought of summer I gave them several waterings with a hose-sprinkler, this water being applied late in the afternoon. As the pods developed, I searched the vines carefully, marking for seed those that showed remarkable vigor and regularity of develop- ment. All pods which were deformed in shape (however large they were), as well as. those which showed traces of disease or some defect of growth, were rejected. The perfect pods were not many in number, but there were enough of them to give me a start for the next season. The results of the first year’s home selection were so encouraging, that the second season I eagerly fol- lowed the progress of the development I had begun, and was that year rewarded by having the vines yield larger, finer pods, and, most vital and inter- esting of all, there was a very much higher percent- age of them than during the previous year. As be- fore, I selected only the finest beans for seed. The third year I planted 160 feet of fencerow with my specially selected and developed seed. From 160 vines I gathered 32 bushels of ‘pods. This was an exceptional crop; but it was grown under exceptional conditions. The soil, naturally loamy and rich, was highly fertilized with barnyard manure which had been leaching on the garden all winter; the exposure was toward the south; and the support of a meshed wire fence was almost ideal. In setting beans against a fence, there should be left (after the full stand is secured) but one plant in each hill, and these hills should be at least a foot apart. This distance is not great when one remem- bers the low-branching habits which the new strains of pole limas have and the prodigious tops that are produced by them. I have never used commercial fertilizers on limas, for the vines do not seem to need it. Good stable manure that has become somewhat old is the best. Provided that it is not too strawy, so that it might lift and sift the soil to dryness, there is small danger of using too much of the right kind of manure. This may be either thoroughly mixed and incorpor- ated with the soil, or it may be buried five or six inches below the surface, where it will prove a well of water for the bean roots. ne Within the past ten years the pole lima has been developed to an astonishing size and power of yielding. These giant pods are frequently eight or more inches in length; and such growths are not abortive, but genuine bona fide beans, having per- fection of size, shape, succulence, and flavor. In growing the pole lima, a good start is of the highest importance. The sprouts of this bean are excessively tender, being intolerant of the chilly Marcu, 1914 ; THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 135 Pot with saucer 15 in. high; 1734 in. wide = \ \ ot i ON =e sees] SS 4 = Sona iia Exquisite Italian Old Ivory Tint Pottery — The beautiful colerings and effects of the pottery of Florence and Rome you canhavein your own garden—on your own porch. With shapely vases and pots, graceful sun- dials and benches, charming boxesand pedes-= tals—you can transplant your grounds to the very heart of Old Italy. WHEATLEY POTTERY is absolutely weatherproof—is very tough and hard—and decidedly inexpensive. Its neutral ivory tint permits its harmonious use with any color scheme of decoration, indoors or out. WRITE TODAY FOR POTTERY PORTFOLIO —and name of nearest Wheatley dealer. If your dealer hasn’t genuine Wheatley Old Ivory Tint Pottery, we will supply you direct. Get our portfolio and prices before you buy another Ppieceof pottery. Address Dept.D. THE WHEATLEY POTTERY —7 1) toy \ \: \ POSITIVE CaP i 4 H ATTACH MENT / 1 et owas! CUTE load ——/ aS \ = Ss rn — TACSH AIR 1 SEITE. STATE — a= Ee Ss = — —# Why Kelsey Heat Is So ™ 8’ Flexible and Economical “'é Shee or Hot Water radiators are not only in the way, fortably cool mornings and evenings; the Kelsey has a dis- but are ugly. Tint them, paint them, or gild them; still tinct advantage. they are the same unsightly radiators. Iu order to get heat from the system , you must first heat the water in the boiler, or convert it into steam; then heat your radiators, which finally after much loss of time and ex- cessive burning of coal, begin to heat your rooms. With the Kelsey, the heat from the fire, promptly warms —— \ \ ye a Fas = TI => =——, == = \ SERA): i To start up a water or steam boiler, is a task—~in fact it isa good husky job. After the radiators have finally become hot, they continue to continue hot long after the sun has warmed things up, making the rooms uncomfortable. You are helpless, you must wait for them to cool. SS BR yf ZA S —= 2426-32 Reading Road CINCINNATI, Oo. a the fresh air which comes to your rooms—practically all the With the Kelsey you can make a little wood fire and at — Established 1879 ae heat of all the coal is directly available. once get direct heat returns. Or you can keep an easily Be - Be It’s just the difference between going in a bee-line be- controlled slumber fire of coal. But always you can get fi » ay tween two points; and that of wandering around among the heat quickly and shut it off, a¢ once. No waiting for a winding walks and shrubbery of a park. heat-loaded mass of iron to cool down. A Kelsey Generator system does not require valuable The Kelsey heat is a flexible heat. It both heats and e Ny furniture space in the rooms. yentilates. It’s an economizer and healthizer. A catalog Oriou Ss r@) Ss es | \ In early Fall, and late Spring, when your house is uncom- for the asking. — 3 ALL WILL BLOOM THIS SUMMER Hardy, Everblooming, Guaranteed true to Name ALEX. HILL GRA Y—yellow. IVORY—White, fine buds. LADY HELEN VINCENT—Pink. EUGENE BOULLET—Ruby red. PRES. TAFT—Best deep pink. MRS. CORNWALLIS WEST— White, tinted rose. I will send the 6 Roses in large 2-year size (retail value $2.35) postpaid for only $1.25. CANNAS ALLEMANNIA— Yellow, flaked orange. | ee R. Wallace — Canary, streaked red. ‘is ee tse re Niagara—Crimson, bordered gold. King Humbert—Orange Scarlet. Mrs. Kate Gray — scarlet and yellow. Pennsyl- vania—Deep red. One tuber, any variety, 10 cents. Any 3 OPCS Hla ieee eee oe er ne Label Your Roses and Plants a & KEITH New Century, Cactus, Black Striped, Double, Single, all WITH PERMANENT lors. For 10c will send 50 seeds — h for a fine Dahli 3 eee ee ee Simplex Weatherproof Labels Prize Medal Florist and Dahlia Specialist, Box 207, Springfield, Ohio : Dahlias Miss JESSIE M. GOOD SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN Lo eerie \ (18 Miles from Philadelphia) - SS prey. 299 Chancery St. immer Specs Course is Landscape Carden war New Bedford September ror4. Practical and theoretical training in the rowing of fruit, vegetables and flowers. HERS OME GEES GatealGre PRICES; POSTPAID, INCLUDING COPPER WIRES. Gene C Cutsesmaconstaney demands’ for No. 1—Size 3x } inches, 25c. doz. $2.00 per 100 trained women to fill salaried positions. ae Write for Catalogue. No. 2—Size 4 x ¢ inches, 50c. doz. $4.00 per 100 Pesce a arcany airector STEWART & CO., 171 Broadway, New York MAILED POSTPAID FOR== 2 5c OTIS GS: Dealers in All H F j i S 4 New York Principal | . 103P Park Ave. Cities WARM AIR GENERATOR Syracuse, N. Y., 232 James Street —= —~ ‘au = Py Fy ] bY Zire | == Everbearing Tree—Red Raspberry Fruits from June to Nov. Very Ornamental The plants grow vigorously, like a dwarf fruit tree. Canes grow fromacentraltrunk. Can be trimmed to forma very ornamental border in the garden or on the lawn. Ornamental Fruit Trees Are Very Popular Plant these strong plants this spring and you will have berries this fall. Next June the old canes will bear and the new wood will bear after that until the snow flies. Fruit luscious, red and lots of it. Many people say this is the finest berry grown. This offer appears only this one & time: Send 30c for1 plant; 60c for 3 plants; $1.00 for 6 plants; $2.00 for 15 plants carefully packed and shipped prepaid. Fairview Seed Farms Box C Syracuse, N.Y. WATER LILIES If you are contemplating laying out a flower garden or lily pond this season you should consult William Tricker, the Water Lily Specialist IT have had many years’ experience and know just what will make your garden the charming spot you want it tobe. Start a pond now. It will add greatly to the pleasure and beauty of your surroundings. __ My new catalogue contains a complete list of Water Lilies suitable for all purposes and tells about many kinds of flower- ing shrubs for the water garden. It also gives a list of sub- aquatic, plants, hardy old fashioned Garden Flowers, Everblooming Hybrid Tea Roses, Japanese Azaleas, Rhododendrons, etc. Send for this interesting book today. WILLIAM {TRICKER, ARLINGTON, N. J. Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of information obtained through the Readers’ Service, 136 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 Perfect Your Garden with Sunlight Sash While you are thinking about growing early vegetables to eat or to sell, write today for the booklet or catalogue telling all about Sunlight Double Glass Sash These sash are in use by hundreds in every state in the Union and are paying for themselves every season in extra profits. The second layer of glass with the air space it encloses does away with the need for mats and boards. Here is a saving of 50% in cost and labor. The plants are earlier and stronger— here is a gain of 50% in money returns. The Sunlight Greenhouse is made to be covered with the Sunlight Sash. It is inexpensive and thoroughly efficient. Get these two books. One is our free catalogue. The other Prof. Massey’s booklet on how to make and use hot-beds, cold frames and a small greenhouse, will be sent for 4c. in stamps. Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 927 E. Broadway Louisville, Ky. H ae il inl ci ii et Hy Ae ih be: INGEF. RoseS ) a i 4 Sturdy as Oaks. Founded 1850 Ng Our Rose Plants are strongest “ie and best. They are always iN grown on their own roots, uy More than 60 years of “‘knowing how” behind each plant; that fact is your guarantee of satisfac. tion. Safe delivery guaranteed—our guide explains. No matter where you live you can depend on getting D & C roses in per- fect condition. Write for Our ‘New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1914—Free This is absolutely the most educational work on rose culture ever published. It isn’t a catalog—it is the : boiled-down, lifetime experience of the oldest rose growing house in the United States. The guide is free. It is profusely illus- trated in natural colors and the cover pictures the new Charles Dingee Rose, the best, hardiest free-bloom- ing rose in the world. This guide will be treasured long by rose lovers—write be- fore isstic is all gone. It’s free. No other rose house has our reputation. Established 1850. 70 Greenhouses, THE DINGEE & CONARD CO. Box 337 West Grove, Pa. and wet conditions of early spring. The lima bean is a stickler for warmth, and for soils that are mod- erately dry, crumbly, free from surface-baking and from sour, tough conditions beneath the surface. The soil in which these beans are to be started must positively be light and warm, else the beans will either rot or will be snapped in their attempt to push through the surface. For an early crop, it is often possible (in the lat- itude of Philadelphia) to make a planting toward the middle of April. There is a probability that the gardener may lose this planting, but a chance that he may not, in which latter case he will have a crop some time ahead of his neighbors. For an extra-early crop I have used with success the following method. About March 25, I fill a half-dozen large flower pots with fine rich soil, and in each of these I plant three lima beans. The pots are then buried until their tops are flush with the surface of the soil ina hotbed. As the young plants come out of the ground, they are thinned so that one only is left in each pot. This method insures a stand. In a month’s time from the period of planting, near May 1, the plants will have obtained a good stocky growth, and the soil in the pots will be netted with an abundant growth of fibrous roots. The plants are then set in the open garden, with a clear start of a month over those just then being planted. A few plants thus developed will supply the needs of a family until the main crop comes in. This plan cannot, of course, be followed on a large scale without entailing much labor, but it is highly recommended for the family garden. Pennsylvania. ARCHIBALD RUTLEDGE. [Ep1tor’s NotE:— Samples of the two strains accompanied this note as evidence and seemed to fully bear out the writers’ claims. We grew the two strains side by side last year with results like those described.| Winter Squash on Poor Land [‘ IS many years since I first began growing, on a commercial scale, some of the various staple vegetables — those that are commonly stored by the forehanded city housewife for winter use, such as carrots, squash, turnip, etc. — and I have always been particularly successful in getting a good crop of squash at small cost. In fact, some of my neigh- bors have said I was a ‘‘squash wizard” because I have succeeded with it on old wornout land. I am convinced the secret of success is a/J in the method of preparation, planting and cultivation. Three seasons ago, two of my neighbors who were inter- ested to adopt the same practices as I use, had about as good a crop asI did. One of them, who grows all kinds of vegetables for market, was so well pleased with the results that he has adopted the system for all his vine vegetables (cucumbers, muskmelon, squash, etc.). Last year I grew 3,250 marketable squash from five rows each 300 yards long. The method is not original with me; I “pinched” it from a Yankee market-gardener in Connecticut some years ago, and have never seen nor heard of its use by other people in other sections — except the partially similar method employed by some of the.Northern Maryland pickle growers. In the spring, before plowing the field where I~ have decided to have the squash, stable manure is spread on top—not all over broadcast but in strips, a couple of feet wide, just where the rows of squash hills are to be. The application is heavy, as my land is mostly old and worn out, and naturally sandy. I believe a great many of the failures with squash are due to insufficient plant food—a skimping of fertilizer. The squash is a heavy feeder and must have an abundance of available food to fruit satis- factorily and to develop and mature its crop. After applying the manure as described, I plow up on one side and down the other of the strip, turning the furrows over the manure. Next I walk down the centre of these strips lengthwise, and drop two or three seeds in every footstep. Then the remainder of the land—the strips between the manured strips—is plowed, after which a light smoothing harrow goes over it all, lengthwise of the furrows. Later, after the squash plants are well up but just before they begin to run, I plow again the same way, right up to the row of plants, leaving a ridge and a furrow between each row. This is all the cultivation they get except one hand hoeing in the If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service » pos y S 2 a eae ; bd x 3 Ss . & SPRAY The New—Better Way Write today for Free Book. How to spray in less time, with less work, with half the solution ~ other sprayers require. How 300,000 farmers, fruit growers, gardeners, home owners, Experiment Stations f§ keep trees arid plants, vege- table gardens, potato fields, free from blight, disease, insects, and assure the greatest yields of the finest quality by using BROWN’S Auto Sprays Style shown here — for field cropsup to five acres and tree plots up to one acre. Capacity four gallons. Carried over shoulder. Requires least pumping. Has Auto-Pop Nozzle—throws from veil-like mist to heavy saturating flow—does not clog. Forty styles and sizes. Large sprayers fitted with Brown’s Non-Clog Atomic Nozzle —a most remarkable time-sav- Write ing, work-saving invention— Today so markedly superior that one f dealer alone has sold over 5,000. OF, Cannot clog. Is absolutely Free self-cleaning. Fits any make Spraying sprayer. Write for free book. Remember, we guarantee satisfaction or your money back. The E. C. Brown Co. 34 Jay Street : Rochester New York Guide SWIFT’S Arsenate of Lead Is death to all leaf-eating insects. By its use you can save your Fruit, Vegetables, Potatoes, Berries, Truck Gardens. HIGHEST QUALITY Not always lowest in price but cheapest in the end. [5 years’ experience back of this pest, des- troyer. Take no other brand but insist on receiving : : : 3: SWIFT?’ The pioneer, high quality arsen- ate of lead for sale by leading dealers. Write for our Apple book. MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO. 30 Broad St., Boston, Mass. Manrcn, 1914 Sep eGax nh DebeNe IMA GA ZI .N E 137 It’s a basket RADISHES like this that CORN lightens the BEANS expense and TURNIPS makes it Etc.—All the easier to Vegetables ‘ supply the that help to Fil, Ss Z ae in reduce the = TH usy times. cost of KS Full Market Basket Is only a part of the harvest when you garden with mod- ern tools. There’s the healthy out-door exercise, the joy of seeing things grow, the satisfaction of eating the vege- tables of your own raising and best of all, a garden that’s good to look at, free from weeds—planted and cultivated ‘TRON AGE Garden Drills and Wheel Hoes There’s a certain fascination in using a hoe on wheels— even the boys like to do it. So much better than hand weeding and using old style tools with backache in every inch of them. The drills start the garden right —straight rows and no replanting necessary. You can sow in drills or hills 4 to 24 inches apart. Witha wheel hoe you can hoe, cultivate, ridge, weed, level, fine the soil, open or cover furrows, etc. The working tools are made of best quality material, easily attached and adjustable. There are 38 combinations of garden tools. With a Combined Drill and Wheel Hoe, you can change from Drill to Wheel Hoe or back again in three minutes. Another minute, you can have asingle or double wheel hoe. See these tools at your dealer’s and write us for com- plete booklet, ‘‘Gardening With Modern Tools” and copy of “Iron Age Farm and Garden News.” BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 535, Grenloch New Jersey, U.S. A. A First Quality Trowel This fine trowel is the finest crucible steel. The blade is 1-16 inch thick. Blade, shank and socket are all in one piece, handle held by steel rivet will zevwer come off. Dirt won't stick to it. In aclass by itself for quality, material, workman- shipand finish. Bent and straight handles. KEEN KUTTER\ Garden Tools | are all of top-notch quality. Ask \j to see these light, strong prun- ing shears made especially \ for women who love a Ss), garden and love to . work in one. Send for our Garden - Tool booklet No. 1646 Neck Ee Price$0.75 fy SIMMONS No. KO5 2 with Straight eck Price $0.75 HicksWhite Spruce A Superior Evergreen to Plant this Spring ee White Spruce that for a few years was not appreciated is now being extensively used. We have been growing an extensive stock and now are ready with a particularly choice lot, especially like sizes shown in the illustration. They range from 1% to 43 feet high. Root-pruned, every one of them, with splendid healthy root masses. You will not only get a good ball of earth with them but one thick with roots. Asa small tree, White Spruce with their cheerful, blue green foliage, are always ornamental. They are compact—and do not open up or become ragged. They do not—‘winter kill”, and last, but not least, trees this size are not expensive. You can plantthem as hedges or future wind breaks. Large trees that save from 10 to 15 years’ waiting, we have in goodly num- ber—both evergreens and regular shade trees, which spread up to 15 feet. As seashore trees, they can not be equalled — in fact — they enjoy the salt spray. Large trees that give immediate results, we are par- ticularly strong on—they are our specialty. They can be safely shipped 1000 miles. We are offering what is not generally offered. The chance to plant Pines, Oaks, and many other trees at $50.00 per 1000. Trees that fit the soil and climate and take care of themselves. Hardy Plants and Shrubs we have in goodly assortment. Send for catalog and Special Flowering Shrub and Hardy Flower Booklets. Whatever your Spring Planting problems are, don’t neglect to take advantage of Hicks catalog and service. es ISAAC HICKS & SON WESTBURY, LONG ISLAND WELL ROTTED HORSE MANURE DRIED— GROUND— ODORLESS For Lawns, Vegetable Gardens, Flower Gardens We will exhibit at the Flower Show, New York City, in March and would be glad to have you call on us. Extra Strong Vigorous Nursery Stock Our stock for 1914 is as good as there is on the market, and our assortment complete. Good, clean, healthy stock of our own growing and guaranteed true to name. There are no better goods to be offered at less money. They can’t be grown cheaper. Complete assortment of small fruits, tree fruits, ornamental trees, plants, vines and roses. Get our prices before you order elsewhere, you will save money by so doing. Our illus- trated catalogue is free. Write for it to-day. We do landscape work in all its branches. T. J. Dwyer & Co. Orange Co. Nurseries Box 19 Cornwall, N. Y. ae, Plant this asparagus */ for home or market Write for circular C and prices NEW YORK STABLE MANURE COMPANY 273 Washington St., Jersey City, N. J. 4 An asparagus bed gives you profitable, delicious crops year after year. Market growers often make $200 to $400 an acre with Early Giant Argenteuil —the productive kind that brings best prices because it produces the earliest large, thick white stalks, tender from tip to base. Start your bed this spring with Stokes’ strong plants. 2-year roots, $1 per 100, $6.00 per 1000, prepaid. GET STOKES’ SEED BOOK—FREE A 72-page handbook for the home gardener, deners use. Ask for Catalogue 33. If you the market grower and the farmer. It offers grow vegetables to sell, ask for special only tested, proved seeds that produce the Market Gardeners’ price list, mentioning paying crops—the kinds that market gar-. the Garden Magazine. WALTER P. STOKES, 219 Market St., Philadelphia The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 138 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marca, 1914 NS =>, The most successful market gardener today is the farmer who invariably runs his garden on the “‘intensive-plan.”’ No farmer can be said to raise cabbage on the intensive-plan unless he uses a real “‘in- tensive-fertilizer.”’ And a real “‘intensive- fertilizer” is merely a fertilizer that is ALL FERTILIZER — without filler — without 30% to 40% waste. Nitrate of Soda is Nitrate—al] Nitrate. It’s fertilizer that’s al} fertilizer. Because it’s roo% active and immediately available. Our “cousin European farmers” get phenomenal re- sults by buying material “‘straight” and mixing them into balanced fertilizers. You can do the same. And save money. : F May we send you ‘Market Gardening with Ni- trate?” It’s an ‘‘eye-opener”’ to every market gardener. DR. WM. S. MYERS Director Chilean Nitrate Propaganda 25 Madison Avenue New York No Branch Offices eAlrtPortables House @ Garage Catalogue 150 Designs and Plans, Lattices, Trellises, Pergolas, Sleeping Porches, Art-Portable Houses, Garages, Children’s Play Houses, Fresh Air Camps and Novelties. Enclose 4c stamps for postage The Mathews Mfg. Co. 9th Floor Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, O. 8 Grape Vines, 6 Currant Bushes All best 3 year old stock. If planted now or early spring will fruit next summer. Should ground be frozen we tell | you how to protect and keep them dormant ready for early spring planting. Orders accepted now and forwarded at any future time if preferred. Grapes are Worden, Niagara, Iona, Concord, the best early mid-season and late varieties. Large cherry currants. Write for list of our $1 Friend Makers. consisting of all kinds of Fruit Trees, Berries and Roses. Cultivate Horse-Radis profitable. Wetell you all about it. THE LANDSCA PE GARDEN CO., Newburgh, N. Y Garden, Field or Farm. Nothing as Private Water Supply Plants - Private Electric Light Plants Sewage Disposal Plants — Gasoline Storage Tanks and Pumps Home Power Plants — Gasoline Engines — Pumping Machinery ’ Bulletin on Any Outfit Sent on Request KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY COMPANY’ New York City “ Kewanee, Ills: Chicago ’ t rows just as the second rough leafis started. Drouth or heavy rains do not affect them. This plan gives them a double soil. The manured strips are two feet wide and eight feet apart, making the rows themselves ten feet apart. After the vines have begun to run, when most danger from insect pests is past, I go over the rows and thin them, leaving one plant, the thriftiest to each footstep. I have learned that it is a mistake not to allow plenty of room as crowding results in an excess of vines and a loss of fruit. The only pest that is really troublesome with me is the little striped cucumber beetle. Several times during the season I dust on the plants land plaster mixed with sulphur to get rid of these, and I think it also has the effect of keeping away the squash bug which some growers find so troublesome. I do not wait for the insects to appear but apply the plaster and sulphur as soon as the plants are well up, and at intervals thereafter as advisable. An- other practice, not only with this crop but with all vegetables, that enables me to escape many in- sect enemies, is to change the position of the crops each year, never growing the same one in succession on the same ground. ~ Maryland. G. B. Horseradish FP ORSERSD ISH is most easy to grow; all one has to do is to stick into the ground, in any waste or weed-overgrown spot anywhere on his premises, a few pieces of roots, or the crowns from which the edible root part has been removed, and it will grow and grow! It is far more difficult to eradicate the wild sort of horseradish than to set it going, as it spreads rapidly and is next to impossible to get rid of when once it has gained a foothold. Because of its spreading propensity this sort is usually considered a noxious weed. But there is a great difference between this sort of horseradish and the commercial varieties that have been bred and grown fbr profit. With proper care while the crop is growing and at digging time, there is little danger of the improved sorts spreading. Every town of any size offers a market for horse- radish at certain seasons of the year and many mar- ket gardeners are making good profits by grating and bottling it for the grocery trade, or for private customers, and manufacturers of condiments use thousands of tons of horseradish roots every year. In growing horseradish for manufacturers the aim must be the production of large straight main roots that are not covered with a lot of slim side shoots. To produce these the soil must be clean, deep and loose and special treatment may have to be given even then in order to prevent the growth of a lot of side branches. It is the nature of the horseradish root to produce a large number of side branches, often quite long and slim, and these are worthless for any commercial use except as sets. A nice sandy, rather moist loam is what is wanted for commercial horseradish growing. The soil should be worked deeply se that the roots will have ample opportunity to lengthen and enlarge. In- crease the fertility of the soil by heavy feeding with manure. Pieces of the side shoots, perhaps of pen- cil thickness and from five to six inches long, should be obtained and planted in early spring in order that they may have the benefit of a long growing season. Place the sets twenty inches apart in rows three feet apart. Each root should be set deep enough so that when the soil is firmed above it the upper end will be a couple of inches or so below the ground level; a small iron bar can be used in setting the roots. Cultivation should be given until the tops shade the ground. The principal root growth of horseradish is made in the fall with the beginning of cool weather and digging should not commence until just before the arrival of freezing weather. The roots run down quite deep, and much pains must be taken in digging to get as much as possible of the straight root. Any side branches that may have grown should be kept for next season’s planting. The salable roots can be marketed when dug, or they can be stored in a root-cellar or buried in sand and worked up during the winter. The roots for next season’s planting should be stored in the same manner as the salable stock; there is no need to purchase sets after the first season. Indiana. W. F. Purpur. The Readers’ Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock Do You Love The Birds? Song Birds Are Coming North Soon Let me help you win some of them to live in your garden. My free book tells you how to attract, how to feed, how to make friends with our beautiful, native birds. Bea friend of the birds! Write for my book—now! Here within one small garden—I’ve drawn a ring about each—are five Dodson Bird Houses, a Sheltered Feeding Table and a Bird Bath. Hundreds of Native Birds live in this garden. The photograph shows— _ The Dodson Automatic Feeding Table for Birds. Price—with 8-foot pole—$6—all-copper roof, $7.50. Size, 24 X 22 X 12 inches, The Dodson Great-Crested Flycatcher House— Price, $3, with all-copper roof $4. Size 15 x 11 x 8 inches. The Dodson Bluebird House. Solid oak, cypress shingle roof, copper coping—Price, $5. Size, 21 inches high, 16 inches in diameter. _ The Dodson Tree-Swallow House—Size 12 x 14 x 9 inches—Price, $3; with all-copper roof, $4. The Dodson Cement Bird Bath; 32 inches high, basin 34 inches in diameter—Price, $12. The Dodson Wren House—Solid oak, cypress shingle toof, copper coping—Price, $5. The Dodson Purple Martin House. Three stories; 26 rooms and attic. Over-all 44 x 37 x 31 inches. Price $12—with all-copper roof, $15. All pricesare f.0.b. Chicago. I have 20 different Houses, Feeding Tables, Shelters and Baths—all for Native Birds—prices, $1.50 to $70. I have been building Bird Houses for 18 years. The Dodson Sparrow Traps are catching thousands of Sparrows all over Amerien. Get one; banish the pest that drives away song birds. Strong wire, electrically welded, needle points at months of two funnels. Price $5 f.o.b. Chicago. If you love birds and want to have them live near you, get Dodson Bird Houses—the ones the birds have approved. Let me send you my illustrated book about birds. If there is any question about Native Birds you want answered, write me. I'll be glad to help any lover of birds. JOSEPH H. DODSON 1209 Association Bldg., Chicago, IIl. Mr. Dodson is a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society. UM dddddddididddddaddiddddddddddaaaadaidaaaaiaiuaiiciil Want More Money? Wouldn’t you like to have things that your present income won't allow? Wouldn't you-be brighter and hap- pier if your time was all invested and showing a profit? Are you satisfied to just meet expenses with never any money tospare? Weknow that you can use more money; and we will buy your time—you throw money away with every wasted minute. In your town there are many people who need The Garden Magazine and we will pay you well with commissions and bonuses for every order you secure. If you have the time to be our repre- sentative, we offer the opportunity with which you can increase your earnings. Write to-day for informa- tion—tell us all about yourself and how much time you will exchange for our money. Address Circulation Department The Garden Magazine Garden City New York — SSS NNN NN AAA AANAAAAAAAAAAAAAANAAAAAAANAAANANANAAARARAD AAR AANA S SS LiMdshhdddddddddddddddddaddadadiaiaaaddaiaaasididddiaaiaiiuiiiadiia > Manrcn, 1914 Det eGeadk D ENA GA ZIN E 139 ade actactastactactastactastactusthstactuctastuctastacte ste ste ste stestnctaste ste Garden Implements of Highest Quality England is responsible for the very finest of all garden implements—either in design or material—or both. The illustrations herewith show a few articles from our stock of Garden Equipment. Every tool is ideally suited to its particular ISS; and 1S the Garden Basket—of dark green willow, best that English design and leather lined, containing every requisite for : the garden. Price complete......... .... $10.50 workmanship can produce. Others from $6.00 to $19.00. We Have Issued a Very Interesting Catalogue on “PERGOLAS” and Garden Accessories showing a series of new designs. Can be had free on request iia Dibhlen, efor eT a of 6 25 qe wood, steel tipped........... - Garden Fork—of steel with qe “<< Catalogue "H. 28"—for Pergolas and Columns for Pergolas Catalogue "H. 40"—for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns HARTMANN-SANDERS COMPANY Exclusive Manufacturers of Kolls Patent Lock Joint Stave Column oy aN Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or Interior Use Eastern Office 1123 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. es aD Main Office and Factory wooden handle............- $ .30 Nickel plated..........-.-- 60 a rs Steel, extra long handle. .... . 50 Fern Trowel—of steel with wooden handle and _ leather shreathier (ersten eicie vovsie hisveve $ .75 ate Garden Trowel — of steel B 5 with wooden handle.......-. $ .30 Bel Etats act tec with Nididlsiiicthcscbeasosedens 60 shreatinisvacieveisre tbr onrarese cielas $1.00 Steel, extra long handle....... .50 Elston and Webster Avenue, Chicago, Ill. Pacific Coast Factory A. J. Koll Plg. Mill Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Catalog of Garden Equipment on request Stripe ta Lone Handled Garden Tol Sets EWIS& ONGER Re eae FIVE FULL SIZE PACKAGES, P A N ee ey eee ee De ante Avenue, New Yonk marvelous and striking varieties. $1.75, $2.50 and $3.25. Gigantic in size, richest and unique colors. i SEND 10 CENTS receive this big Entroductory ‘Col LR RERERERERERER ERE E lection of Pansies; guaranteed to please, and our handsome Seed and Plant guide. To help you grow the biggest and finest flowers we will mail you our Pansy booklet FREE Mention this paper. Send to-day. Don’t wait. GREAT NORTHERN SEED CO, 2320 Rose St., Rockford, Illinois NEW P/EONY DAHLIA Our Spring List ee “John Wanamaker” ey REES and SHRUB Newest, Handsomest, Best. Dahlias, Gladioli, Lilies, Cut Blooms sold at $3.00 per doz. Phlox Peonies ’ 9 PORTER’S HIGH QUALITY STOCK New Color, New Form, New Habit of Growth. h A < Al hard Illustrated Price List free. Write for copy today To be introduced in 1915. Send for information ee ie 2 now heady! ce pulls oe Fee s ry, oe | erennia 2 nd for it, an s ae eee SN ee ce AS Gain (ek @ “ Yiolsin \Wememaehses” an WEN, will also send later our Fall Catalogue of the ox vanston, Ill. ae . = Our new catalogue entitled ““The World’s Best Dahlias”’ NOTE—Big Stock of Large Specimen Norway Maples at Low Prices showing a natural color reproduction ot the Dahlia “John Best Dutch Bulbs Janamaker,”’ and accurately describing this wonderfu : . new creation by pen and photographs procurable in this country FREE! Copiously illustrated with new Photo Engravings. The Fra n ke n Brot he rs leading Dahlia Catalogue. s Z Deerfield, Illinois PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS Berlin, New Jersey Nursertes also at Sassenheim, Holland tea syour Garden and ‘source of Continual Delight. Even the Smallest Garden is Incomplete without a Bird- ? Bath,Sun-dialorGazing Globe. These and other Charming Bits are Illustrated in our Catalogue which also offers a wide Ghoice of Flower Rots, Boxes. Vases,Benches and Garden Fumiture of all Kinds. Galloway Pottery combines the Essential Qualities of Beauty and Durability with Reasonable Prices. SEND FOR CATALOGUE : GALLOWAY ‘TERRA COITA Co. 3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. PA. The finest varieties to date in decorative, fancy, cactus, show, peony-flow- ered, collarette, single, Century, duplex Century and pompon dahlias, are all illustrated and described in our New Catalog, Illustrated in Natural Colors This helpful book is free. It tells where, when and how to plant Dahlias to get best results; is ie pecurate, complele 1 guide on Gladioli, Cannas, Lilium and other summer-lower- SODEUCHOE SIE ing bulbs and plants. Send today for your copy- Five beautiful dahlias se- DAVID HERBERT & SON lected for exceptional quality. Box 401 ‘Atco, New Jersey The choice of our 500 best ‘ oy varieties sent postpaid for $x. 100 acres devoted to dahlia culture—the greatest plant in the world If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service eae eae = = 140 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 Stained with Cabot’s Creosote Stains Charles Barton Keen, Architect, Philadelphia Twenty-five Years of Proof “T built a house 25 years ago and the same shingles on to-day. Rebuilt another 5 years ago, and in each case Cabot’s Creosote Stain in good shape. Candidly, I’m afraid to build without using it. Epwin F. GArmaN, Bellefonte, Pa. Cabot’s Creosote Stains saved him the expense of re-shingling and re- staining. They preserve the wood and lastingly beautify it. You protect yourself from tawdry, fading colors and rotting shingles by being sure that Cabot’s are used. You can get Cabot's Stains allover the country. Send Jor samples on wood and name of nearest agent Samuel Cabot, Inc., Manfg. Chemists, 1 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. A VY More Water HA raised and delivered by the “American” Centrifugal Pump than by others because the impeller is accurately ma- chined to the casing, prevent- ing any sudden change in di- rection of the water. Notas ounce of power is wasted. Every ‘‘American” Centrifu- gal absolutely exaranteed. Write for new catalog 120. m THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS Office and Works, Aurora, Ill. First National Bank Building, Chicago Cyclone Sanitary Fence makes a permanent improvement that tends to neat, sanitary conditions. Built different from any other: heavy, closely woven fabric that’s weather proof. Cyclone Victor Farm Gate is sturdy, simple and durable. Easily, quickly and firmly set at any position desired, at either end. Locks itself; stock can’t open it. Frame of heavy, high-carbon tubular steel; fabric large wire made rust-proof, heavy malleable iron fittings. Unequaled in other respects. GUARANTEED TO THE LIMIT Get our Free Illustrated Catalog giving many designs. CYCLONE FENCE Co. Dept. 104, Waukegan, Hand-Made Peaches and Pears OR some years it was my sad experience that young fruit trees bloomed a season or two for esthetic reasons only, without in the least meaning anything serious by it. Last season, though, I got some “‘child labor” out of my young pears and peaches. In particular there was, in a sheltered southeast nook in my yard, a three-year old, foundling peach, a nameless product from a Georgia crate of peaches bought in July, 1909, which frivolously bloomed in March. Its flowers were very like the wild crab of the woods, had the same odor — when they were not being rained on or sleeted or snow- plastered — and they were very deficient in pollen. For three nights I tented in that tree with the aid of a step ladder, the grape arbor and lengths of rag carpet, and gave it two lamps all night long to keep it warm. Twenty feet away were my three hives of bees ready and willing to set fruit blossoms into fruit, given only the flower-dust. And yet with all these advantages, the nameless peach was not going to be known by its fruits in the summer of 1913, lf it knew itself. I resorted to strong measures. I cut from an old humdrum, reliable, garden peachtree a bundle of twigs with swollen flowerbuds. These I placed ina can of hot water on the back of the kitchen range for three days and nights. They forced into good strong anthers, poor little pale petals, and some bud-scales. The anthers had good pollen. Day after day, as the kitchen bouquet matured, I carried out the forced flowers and rubbed noses, bloom for bloom, with the emasculated flowers of the tree outside. I was particular to do this when the sun was on the tree, as sunlight and sun heat have a powerful, stimulating effect on the sap. I did not attempt to fertilize all the blooms, but rather so as to distribute the crop. I discovered in handling the flowers that peach pollen is very short-lived, being in proper condition only an hour or two. (The same is true of normal blooms of the peach. An- thers mature before the pistil, to guard against. self-fertilization in any one flower; and as a pre- caution of Nature’s, the anthers on any flower open lopsided, half one day and half the next, so as to economize the perishable necessary pollen. And hardly two flowers on a crowded twig will be in precisely the same stage together. No wonder that, given bees and pleasant weather, our peach trees set more fruit than they can mature!) On May 13th, I could declare with confidence that I had gotten the better of the Georgia up- start! Almost every doctored blossom set a fruit. In April, when my young pear trees bloomed in scattering clusters, so many fruit and shade trees were in glorious flower all through the town that I was sure no fly or bee of sense would waste time on them. As well might one expect Paquin in person to pull bastings from a gown about to leave his famous establishment! As a matter of experiment, I selected pear blos- soms with ripe pollen from my old trees, and fer- tilized marked flowers in each cluster on the juvenile efforts. My method involved no brush or watch- glass; I merely rubbed noses of the two flowers. And all but one of my marked flowers set; and no other flowers set but those I assisted! Decidedly, the joke was on these youngsters — they were no longer in the purely ornamental class. It was their turn to treat! Pennsylvania. E. S. JoHNSoN. Iron Gateways and Fencings HE superior kinds. The ones that cost a bit more to start with but are worth every cent they cost at the start. If you want just a simple gateway or an indes- tructible iron fence we have exactly that kind. If it’s a fine ornamental entrance gate and a fence in keeping that you want, we will design them especi- ally for you such as will be a permanent invest- ment and a life long satisfaction. Wire, fencirgs, tennis enclosures, Garden Arbor and the like, are other things we make. Let’s open a fence correspondence you and we. Start it by sending for a catalog. ENTERPRISE Iron WorKs 1120 East 24th St. Indianapolis, Ind. WARREN H. COLSON 184 Boylston Street, Boston is a liberal buyer of old letters bear- ing stamps, stamp collections, and autographs. The advanced collector is offered selection fromone of the largest and without exception the choicest stock of stamps in America. Mr. Colson is prepared to travel and meet clients in person anywhere. ALL ABOUT Standpat Everbearing Strawberry and other important new varieties. Our 21st annual catalog now ready. Cc. N. FLANSBURGH & SON, Jackson, Mich. “THE DEL ve DELICATE CHILDREN respond quickly to the strengthening and body-building virtues of Vinol because it contains in delicious combination two famous tonics—the medicinal elements of the finest Cod Liver Oil and peptonate of iron—but no oil. Children love it —it restores appetite and creates strength. Its superiority as a tonic reconstructor in all weak, run-down Conditions and for chronic coughs, colds, and bronchitis is guaranteed by over 5000 druggists. For sale by one druggist in a place. Look for the Vinol store where you live Trial sample sent free on receipt of 2-cent stamp. Chester Kent & Co., Boston, Mass. Miaion, vo14 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 141 HOVERS, VIDA. AD IGOR OCI OC OIMACINIYVOVACAACAUIID: CA GICCECOE!|), DIA: No need of living in a community where scenes like this exist, for they are so Q This book is the swan-song of the Red Man— DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. | easily improved with Trees and Shrubbery The same yard the second season after being planted with some of our Trees and Shrubbery that have not only hidden the ugly view, but given a privacy that makes the backyard livable Let Moon Hide Your Ugly Views With Attractive Trees and Shrubbery F YOUR garage, stable or a neighbor’s ‘‘flapping line of clothes’’ obtrude them- selves on the harmony of your residence or veranda outlock, you can promptly convert an annoyance into a thing of beauty by planting one of “‘Moon’s Screens.” Anything from an ash can to the jarring feature of any nearby building can be hid- den from view, giving to your grounds delightful framings of greenery. The stately Lombardy poplars are quick growing and effectual for all year round results. A planting of evergreens around your tennis courts shuts out peeping eyes and raw winds. A mixed screen bordering the drive restrains the view of the residence before reaching its most attractive view point. And so you see the charm and possibilities of Moon’s Screen plantings. Tell us about the unsightly outlook that you have; describe if you will the situation in detail and we will tell you frankly whether or not there is in our enormous stock of Trees and Shrubs any that will solve your problem, and if there are we shall gladly furnish estimate. At least, send for our catalog that tells all about the Nursery stock that we have for every place and purpose. The Win. H. Moon Company Makefield Terrace Philadelphia Office Room “‘B”” VANISHING RACE By Joseph K. Dixon The Story of the Dy- ing Race of Red Men Told by their Chiefs the permanent record of his last Great Council on the banks of the Little Big Horn where Custer fought and fell. q Init picturesque stories of Indian life and cus- toms abound; the chiefs tell of their early lives; those who fought Custer for the first time tell their story of his annihilation. “Epic in thought and treatment. The illustrations are remarkable.”’—Los Angeles Times. Net $3.50. Many people can not get books. If there is no book- store near you we shall be glad to send books on ap- proval, or if you wish, mail check including postage. 80 Photogravure illustrations. ore Morrisville Pa 21 South 12th Street FATHER AND SON is the relationship between CROWDS AND Crowds Jr. Crowds is for your shelf Crowds Ir. for your pocket In pioneer days men kept a pistol in the hip pocket. In that good part of the world where everybody is "Colonel" men carry other things upon the hip. But hereabouts, those who are keen on efficiency carry Crowds Jr. ‘Uncle Life says: “The most religious book since Tom’s Cabin.” HIP POCKET SIZE 50 CENTS NET LARGE SIZE $1.35 NET Give a copy to that young friend of yours who is just starting in business Many people can not get books. If there is no book- store near you we'shall be glad to send books on ap- proval, or if you wish, mail check including postage DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY NEW YORK The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate 142 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 roofing?’’; me?” not “How little can I pay for & but “How little will it cost ) You may pay little and get ¥ roofing that soon cracks, crum- bles, and leaks; but it costs Jess in the end to use roofing of natural asphalt, which stays waterproof. Genasco THE TRINIDAD-LAKE-ASPHALT Ready Roofing . has the natural oils of Trinidad Lake asphalt sealed in it. 4 Genasco life and vigor to resist sun, \\ Tain, wind, heat, cold, alkalis, and acids. It stays weather-proof_and_ saves repair-expense. Get Genasco and you get the satisfactory answer to your roofing question. The Good Roof Guide Book and samples are free on request. Ask your dealer for Genasco—smooth or Mineral surface; several weights. Look for the trademark. THE KANT-LEAK KLEET The Barber Asphalt Paving Company Largest producers in the world of asphalt and ready roofing, A Mess at all Seasons ie . Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar of fresh as % 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your - * dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the fy manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of * Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising, preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer. Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. ard Spray Pump. over again. and Catatog A. 278 Main St. _ Made throughout of brass, with nothing to wear out or break, the Standard Spray Pump lasts a lifetime and pays for itself over and Warranted 5 years. Price $4 Prepaid. $5.) Money back if not satisfied. Send no money but write today for our Special Offer The Standard Stamping Co. Philadelphia New York Chicago San Francisco “Strawberry Plants that Grow” Fall Bearing sorts are the latest thought in Strawberries, and we have the best varieties. “‘Progressive,’”’ the most pro- ductive and bearing the first year, ““Superb,’’ the largest of all the fall bearers. Our 1914 Free Catalog describes these, also a full line of June varieties, with Raspberry, Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. C. E. Whitten’s Nurseries, Box 10, Bridgman, Mich. More than 100,000 Farmers and Fruit Gwen Use the STANDARD SPRAY PUMP With it they spray their tallest orchard trees from the ground in half the time required by others. enables them to spray their potatoes and low growing crops at the rate of an acre an hour or better. chicken coops and spray “dip” on their live stock with the Stand- The knapsack attachment They whitewash their barns and (West of Denver Marysville, O. What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service Plums In My Home Garden Agee plum has the advantage of being hardy to the very northern limits of vegetation, and again we find it thriving in Florida and California. Here in Florida I am now growing successfully forty varieties of plums. Fifty years ago we had the Green Gage, the Magnum Bonum, the Damsons, the old English Horse plum, and a Blue Gage that ri- pened very early. Of these the black knot compelled us to discard all but the Green Gage and Magnum Bonum; these remain two of our most profitable or- chard plums. The Lombard or Bleecker came in from eastern New York, and as a plum for city yards sur- passes all others. In our open orchards it suckers too freely, and is badly affected with black knot. It will, however, grow in any corner, come to fruit very quickly, and can be easily renewed. I have tried at my home in Clinton, N. Y., and at my home in Florida, with about equal satisfac- tion several of the Japan hybrids, such as Red June, Climax, Chalco, Shiro, Maynard and Gold. October Purple is very satisfactory for a late plum. For Florida Satsuma is well adapted, and Shiro if pollinated is excellent, while Chalco and Climax and Sultan are three more to be strongly recom- mended. The Sultan has a deep, dark red flesh, and in my judgment is one of the best of dessert plums. The fruit, however, is liable to fall as fast as it ripens, requiring that it be grown in sod. The America has proved to be one of the earliest and most profitable plums, ripening with Burbank and Abundance or just after, but its quality is only sec- ond rate. Like most other plums it needs severe thinning. I think the best of the cross breeds sent out by the late Mr. T. V. Munson of Dennison, Texas, is Minco, produced by crossing Wayland and Miner. It is claimed to be immune to the curculio. Prof. Hansen of the Agricultural College of Dakota, began to send out hybrids in 1908, not only of our native plums, but crosses between the wild plum and the sand cherry. Of these the most valuable are the Sapa, a cross of Sultan and sand cherry. This plum cherry or cherry plum has a glossy dark purple skin, and the red flesh of the Japanese sire, with the pecul- iar flavor of the American parent. It bears when very young, and is absolutely hardy. It ships well, and has taken first prize at the Minnesota State Fair. Another cross of the same American parent and the Gold plum Prof. Hansen had named the Opata. This plum is notable for its glossy foliage, fruit over one and a quarter inches in diameter, with purplish red color and very sweet flavor. It bears when two years old, and is absolutely hardy. The Hansca is generally held to be the best of this new group. ‘The tree is a remarkable grower, standing twelve feet high at three years of age. It is plain that we have something very promising in this new group. Tf I were called upon to select a list of good plums for home growth and home use I should be puzzled to name the best ten. The fact is that every plum has some drawback, and most of them have some special attractions. Of the European class I would select Bradshaw, Magnum Bonum, Green Gage, Coe, Diamond, Peter’s Yellow Gage, Pond, Shrop- shire Damson, Grand Duke and Archduke. Mon- arch might be added for very late. Of this list those most subject to black knot are Magnum Bonum and Shropshire Damson. Green Gage must be grown in the open, with plenty of sunshine, to give it quality. It is not immune, but not badly subject to black knot. Peter’s Yellow Gage is nearly immune, as is also Pond, while Grand Duke and Archduke and Monarch are easily kept clean. Peter’s Yellow Gage has the advantage of being nearly as rich as Green Gage, while the tree is a much more rapid grower, bearing heavy crops. Green Gage is the slowest grower of the group, and the longest lived. Pond is a magnificent tree, carrying immense crops of plums often as large as a hen’s egg. The color is near scarlet. Diamond is another magnificent plum of very large size and of a dark purple. The tree is very vigorous and healthy. Reine Claude is a title sometimes applied to a whole class, but sometimes in the catalogues it indi- cates-a variety of Green Gage, and is a very choice plum. Mary is another sort, but too delicate for shipping; a yellow plum with a delicate white bloom, and of fine flavor. The Yellow Egg is generally Marca, 1914 This is the way our DWARF TREES BEAR DWARF APPLE TREES DWARF PEAR TREES DWARF PLUM TREES DWARF CHERRY TREES DWARF PEACH TREES Also all Standard Fruit Trees Catalogue Free THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES W. L. McKAY, Prop. Box M, Geneva, N. Y. A Collection of Hardy Perennial Flowers for only $1.50. To introduce my firm I offer a Special Collection of most beauti- Perennials. Phlox, Iris, Columbines, Baby’s Breath, Gaillar- dias, Coreopsis, Foxgloves, Chrysanthemums, Pinks, etc. I5 strong vigorous. healthy plants, which will give you an abundance of Cut Flowers during the whole season for only $1.50. To help share express charges we add extra plants. Full instructions for planting with every order. Did you notice my advertisement on page 64 of last month’s issue about a Special Bargain Seed Collec- tion? Price list free. Frank Koehler Rosedale Hardy Plant Farm, GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES AND HOW TO GROW THEM . S the title of a beautifully illustrated book of expert information written in everyday language by America’s most successful strawberry grower. It explains how the Kellogg Pedigree plants are grown on the great Kel- logg plant farms in Oregon, Idaho and Michigan. It con- tains pictures of the best varieties of strawberries, including fall bearing kinds, and gives full descriptions. It tells how to grow big crops of fancy berries, and how to market them at big prices. Explains in detail The Kellogg Way. OUR FAMILY STRAWBERRY GARDEN Whether you have a small garden only or abig farm, you should grow your own strawberries. Kellogg’s Big Red Strawberry Gar- den will produce all the delicious strawberries your entire family can eat, Summer and winter. You can have shortcake, strawberries and cream, preserves, jam and canned berries the year round for less than one cent per gallon. Our Book gives full information. Strawberries yield more dollars per acre and give quicker returns than any other crop. Set one acre to Kel- logg's Pedigree plants this year, and put from $500 to $800 in the bank next year. Our book tells youhow. IT IS FREE. 00K Pret R.M.KELLOGG CO. ,Box 690, Three Rivers, Mich. TH (GSR DEN MAG A ZIN E Camden, N. J. 143 ee ae ~~ How to Know It HETHER your child is a success or not depends alto- getheron picking outthe right pro- fession. The boy who will make a brilliant lawyer may make a life failure as a physician. The born engineer may be wasting his days away as a poor business man. The most important thing in the world is the choice of the boy’s or girl’s business in life. Itis easy to make the choice if you just find the way to make your children show their real inclinations—and that you can do with the LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY Send for it on approval and try this plan 11 Volumes Listof Volumes: Electricity, Outdoor Work, Garden- ing, Mechanics, Carpentry, Metal Work, House- keeping, Home Decoration, Outdoor Sport, Needlecraft, and Guide and Index. iz volumes, bound in strong buckram, stamped in red and gold, 4000 pages of text, 2000 pictures in black and white and color. This book cannot be pur- 4 chased anywhere but is free to those Lv Seudiemelcariane who order promptly the Library ne wyprepaid | Library of of Work and Play. miesentientcea The business leaders of to-day have con- structive ability first, imagination second, and patience for detail third. All these qualities you will develop in your boy and your girl through the Li- brary of Work and Play. And from the subjects he prefersin that set of books, from the qualities required by those things in it that he does best, you can safely choose his profession. From the tastes in your little girl that these books call forth, you can plan her future life and develop her ambition. The Library of Work and Play trains the mind, builds up the body and points the way to future success. Free With theSet—Our New Book—‘“‘How toChoosean Occupation” < sy days after their receipt, and $2 a Ca month until $17.50 is paid. You wy will send me free with the set, your new book on Choosing an Occupation. <=” Doubleday 5 Page & Co. Garden City N. Y. volumes on ten days’ ap- proval. If books are not satisfactory I will return them at your expense. Other- wise I will pay you $r in ten 48 pages telling the conditions in all lines of endeavor, the actual pay, the preparation needed, the qualities necessary. Thisis a book of facts only— invaluable in the intelligent choice of a profession. Contains also a guide showing you how to use this set in laying out your children’s career. Get the set on approval—and avoid mistakes that can never be rectified. Your boy’sor girl’s whole future life may be changed by this. Send the coupon to-day without money. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. Beautiful Flowers in Abundance AY be had from July to October in the easiest way by growing our Magnificent Gladioli. Everybody succeeds with them. Our Booklet, Sent Free to all, tells how to do it. Our Specialties are Panama, Niagara, America, Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Jr., Peace, Glory (Ruffled), etc. The new Monthly, “The Modern Gladiolus Grower,” devoted solely to the Gladiolus—telling of its recent wonderful developments — brimful of practical articles and notes in each issue. Given as a Premium. Write today THE PERKINS-KING COMPANY wesr msnron, on10 The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 © Satisfaction Plants Sa Photography, Good Sport For Your Hardy Garden Wh buy fine husky, full rooted, potted meme oeaGromwveall Gardens that will bloom this very summer, why fuss around planting flower seeds and then have to wait until next season for your hardy plants to bloom? Hollyhocks—Canterbury Bells—Shasta Daisies— Phlox—Coreopsis—Gaillardia and dozens of other kinds we have. Our catalog tells about them and gives you some good common sense suggestions to help you make your garden the envy of your neighbors. Roses, either for your garden or your greenhouse, are also in the cataloge—some one-hundred and fifty varieties for outdoors and thirty-four for inside. Satisfaction Plants from Cromwell Gardens mean satisfaction plants—just that. Send for a catalog. AN.PIERSON we. CROMWELL GARDENS CROMWELL CONN satisfactory. Ask practical help q but the results are not always from the photo-man with THE READERS’ SERVICE f _| LESTER LOVETT ——— Our bigger roots the root of things when buying berry and other small fruit plants. Heavy top growth is actually a disadvantage, unless \. the plant has sufficient roots to “sustain it. Our better, bigger roots—due to our unexcelled growing conditions—assure you bigger yield of bigger berries. It pays in dollars and cents to get our new catalog—lists and gives cultural helps on all the better varieties. Only novelties of proven merit are included—we discard many times as many as we list. We include and recom- mend competitors’ varieties whenever tests have shown them superior to our own _ introductions. The result 5 | is a complete dependable | | catalog, of dependable | varieties only. Write today for a copy —it is free Average root —of same age strawberry Diamond State Nurseries 31 Ist Ave. Milford, Del. The Readers’ Service will glady furnish information about Retail Shops H = —— SASS j SANS Z 3 4| C Zz Nicholas Vachel Lindsay says: “It is a patriot- maker and a citizen-maker. who have no gospel. CROWDS--By Gerald Stanley Lee And it is for men It is a tremendous rouser.” Net $1.35: (| That Makes Things Grow } | Richest, natural fertilizer in pure, highly | }| concentrated form. The best plant food HH and the best soil builder obtainable, And it’s the most convenient. Every weed | seed is destroyed — no waste and no refuse. } ‘| There’s really nothing like sheep manure | 1 for your Jawn, your flowers and vegetable j. garden. H'ruit trees, berries, shrubs and vines make wonderful growth wherever it is used. — WD \j TLS. 00 for large barrel. Freight pre- == paid east of Omaha. Ask for our practical booklet on Lerizlizing, with special quantity prices and freight rates. The Pulverized Manure Co. 29 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III. \ }. Sold by Garden Supply Houses Everywhere. ~~ No a coarse plum, but huge in size. If ripened in the ' open, where it will not rot too freely, and thinned well during growth, it will give a magnificent and rich fruit. Gueli is a great bearer of second class plums that take wellin market. In Florida we have a class of seedlings rapidly increasing, which carry the blood of European sorts probably in mixture with our Americana. Of these the more profitable for home use or market are just now Excelsior and Terrell. These give us fine strong and prolific trees, while the fruit is of excellent quality. Of the Japanese hybrids we have to select Abund- ance for either North or South, very productive and hardy with a lemon yellow fruit, and plenty of pollen, Burbank is something of the same sort, ripening a little later with a sprawling tree that bears very young and very heavily. Maynard is a sturdy tree, yielding good crops that are well shaded by luxuriant foliage. The fruit is dull red, ripening just after the earliest. Climax is a very large plum, earlier than Burbank and fruit as large as a peach. It is of fine quality, dark red skin with yellow flesh. Red June is generally classed as one of the best. The tree however is subject to black knot, and in the North is short lived. Chalco is an exceedingly strong grower, very hardy and very productive. The fruit belongs with the Simoni, or apricot plum, almost stemless and tomato shaped. Shiro is very subject to black knot, not very high flavored, but almost transpar- ent and very beautiful. ‘ Of the prunes, by all odds the best for home use or for market is the Italian, known generally as Fellenberg. The quality of this prune or plum places it almost in the lead of all plums; it is late in ripening, large, purple, with rich yellow flesh. The seedling Sugar prune is rich in sugar, dark purple and early ripening. It is, however, very likely to succumb to black knot, which is also the case with the Pacific prune. Two very handsome purple leaved plums are Pissardi and Othello. The latter gives us a good crop of crimson plums about one inch in diameter and very early. It is one of the handsomest trees in existence, and useful on the lawn. For those who need a very short list of plums, to grow about the house or yard, take Peter’s Gage, Grand Duke and Coe or Golden Drop. These three are almost absolutely immune to black knot. Coe is an enormous bearer of rather small plums, rich yellow, and of the best for cooking. Add Shrop- shire Damson if you desire. The three best Orientals would be Abundance, Climax and Gold. Gold is the handsomest plum in existence, very large, shaped like an apple, and hanging on the tree until middle October. These six plums, with Fellenberg prune added, would make a complete assortment for any country home. Plum trees are short lived as compared with apples and pears; but they grow very fast and come to bearing very early. The tree withstands root gall so well that Southern nurserymen are begin- ning to graft the peach on plum stock. It is a general truth that the plum which is hardiest in the North will best resist the heat of the semi-trop- ical part of the country, and this is true of all shrubs, vines and trees. In Florida we have selected Kel- sey and Satsuma as parents of a new race, rather than as wholly satisfactory in themselves. The development of new seedlings is easy work for the orchardist, because the trees come into bearing within three or four years. Florida. E. P. PowEtt. The Use of Poultry Manure Fo what purpose can I use poultry manure? Pennsylvania. H. W. C., — Poultry manure is a valuable fertilizer, contain- ing a large amount of nitrogen and being relatively more available than other farm manures. This is true, of course, if it has been well preserved. It can be used on any garden crops. The best way to apply it is to pulverize it and spread it along the rows of growing crops and work it into the soil. If, when fresh, it comes in contact with the roots of | the growing plants, it is liable to burn them. The best way to keep it is by mixing it with dry soil or land plaster, storing it in boxes, barrels, or bins where the rain cannot reach it. Marcn, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 145 See ae. e. 4 Je z he ? Oe FRANCES DUNCAN’S GARDENCRAFT E -FOR CHILDREN HUNUUHUUAETI TU Se wesiivee i} ashi Hide 4 . La A bed Ee Hybrid mhedadendtors ‘Notice how a and thriving they are even in these shaded w Tested Rhododendrons : = This is not the photograph of a country place but of Miss Duncan’s collapsible miniature country house with the plant-as-you-please garden. A JOYOUS AND FASCINATING PASTIME FOR CHILDREN; a toy very beautiful in color and line, highly educational along the newest scientific lines. And at the same time A PRACTICAL WORKING MODEL for the grown-up gardener of any type of garden he wishes to make. If you can’t visualize your garden-to-be, get GARDENCRAFT FOR CHILDREN, make it in miniature and see how it looks. In use by Dr. Montessori, Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, Margaret Deland, Louise Klein Miller, and other garden-loving folk of high intelligence. As set up above, 175 blocks, $3.50. Extra blocks, $1.50 per hundred. Made by THE GARDENCRAFT TOY COMPANY Craftsman Building, 6 East 39th Street, New York City Workshop: 1 Milligan Place ACOA HE hardy native ones which you really know are hardy, we have thousands of in our Nursery. You may prefer car- load lots of collected plants, selected by experienced men, men who have been gathering them for us for years. When it comes to the Hybrids—we carry thirty varieties, which thriving in this vigorous climate, prove themselves to be actually hardy. Sizes range from 18 inches to 4 feet. All of them trans- planted, budded plants. It is well understood that we dig and pack with result telling care. Send for catalog. SANUNAACIOUAUAUAN EUAN ATALANTA MMT “Mr. Masson’s book has killed after-dinner speaking,” said a prominent orator. “In FREDERIC TABOR :. lil" a Short time everybody will COOPER SAYS OF rea | Pe |) know what the best stories in “THE ; ; ili : the world are.”’ , 99 >=, Heart of Darkness By JOSEPH CONRAD “One of the shortest stories Mr. Conrad has written, and at the same time contain- ing one of the biggest most suggestive of his themes. Itis nothing less than a pre- sentment of the clashing of two continents, “The Best Stories in the World,” collected, a symbolic picture of the inborn antagon- 5 : * isan of two qaees: the white and the beck.” compiled, edited and introduced by Thomas ms L. Masson, of LIFE. “The Heart of Darkness is one of three stories in “Youth” Net $2 At all bookshops Net $1.35 SGarden arremn ied aN te? ai ke ark Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. Copyright Life Publishing Co. At All Bookshops For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 146 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1914 A Criticism WAS much interested in the article “A $50 Greenhouse” in The GARDEN MAGazinE for Noy- ember. It showed a successful effort to accomplish a certain result with the material at hand. Whether or not it could be duplicated depends on whether second-hand material can be obtained cheaply and whether the builder has sufficient ingenuity to con- struct a glass house tight enough to be of service. Heating by means of a coal stove is a crude make- shift and could be improved upon by substituting a cheap hot-water heater such as is used by poultry- men in brooder houses and in regular greenhouse practice. The ventilation could be improved upon by arranging pivoted openings along the ridge in- stead of at the ends of the structure, and the foundation as described is faulty and in my climate would soon be broken up by the heaving of frost, although the sills being 5 x 8, would probably pre- vent sagging and consequent breakage of glass. Such an affair, built of ordinary material, is short lived at best. But, after all, is it worth while? Are there any short cuts to greenhouse success any more than to any other? ‘The one described was used only to grow seedlings and to carry them along for planting outside, the same job as the plebeian hotbed or even the coldframe, neither of which clutters up the land- scape nor keeps one awake tending a coal stove in zero weather. If one really wishes a “sure- enough” greenhouse, can one do better than obtain For the Artistic Fireproof Home Why not make your roof not only as artistic as the rest of the building, but absolutely fire- proof by using dvi TRANSITE ASBESTOS SHINGLES They are moulded into one solid, compact, homogeneous mass under tremendous hydraulic pressure from a composition of Asbestos and Portland Cement. J-M ‘Transite Asbestos Shingles never rot, warp, split, curl, crack or decay. And they never require painting to preserve them. J-M Shingles are furnished #-inch thick with smooth edges, in colors of gray, Indian red, and slate; and 41-inch thick with rough edges, in gray and Indian red. Our booklet “The Roof Everlasting” fully describing these indestructible shingles, will be forwarded upon request from our nearest Branch. H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CoO. Albany Buffalo Cleveland Indianapolis Louisville New Orleans Philadelphia Seattle Baltimore Chicago Dallas Kansas City Milwaukee New York Pittsburgh St. Louis Boston Cincinnati Detroit Los Angeles Minneapolis Omaha San Francisco Syracuse one made by Gh uD utable greenhouse builder? Some THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LTD., TORONTO, MONTREAL, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER are on the market for as low as $250, and there is (1585) now offered by a manufacturer of double-glass sash a little greenhouse with roof and sides com- posed of these sash. ‘This is easily heated during the winter and in the spring the frames may be ut- Residence of Mrs. Kirchner, Llanerch, Pa. Covered with J-M Transite Ashestos Shingles. THE ARISTOCRATS OF THE FLOWER FAMILY Rhododendrons and Kalmia We are repeating our special offer of last month for thirty days. They are going fast and to take advan- tage now is money in your pocket. SPECIAL OFFER CHOICE OF 6 Rhododendron Maximum 2 ft. 0 6 Kalmia Latifolia 2 ft. $5.00 or 3 Rhododendron and 3 Mt. Laurel ‘ To read our booklet “A Plea for Rhododendrons and “MAKE YOUR GARDEN GLAD” HEADQUARTERS FOR “OLD FASHIONED” HARDY PLANTS “The Flowers Our Grandmothers Loved” IRIS, PHLOX, PEONIES, LARKSPUR, COLUMBINES and hundreds of others highly illustrated and described in our 1914 Garden Guide mailed for the asking. The “Last Word” in Delphiniums (Larkspur) “Kine or DELPHINIUMS”’ STRONG BLOOMING PLANTS 50 cts. each—$5 per doz., postpaid WINTERSON’S SEED STORE 166 No. Wabash Avenue Chicago, III. ilized on hotbed or coldframes outside. There is a growing demand for the small home greenhouse and manufacturers will soon be in line to satisfy it. Long Island. J. E. W. An Artificial Soil for ‘‘Sweets’’ S IS well known, the best soil for potatoes is a naturally good friable loam, rather light and free from stagnant water. Thin, sandy soils, well manured, produce well-flavored potatoes. Soils such as these may be produced artificially, provided a fairly good loam and bank sand are available. The ground should be loosened about two inches by a harrow, both ways, and the sand deposited on the surface to a depth of about ten inches. It is not essential that the sand be pure but may be mixed with soil or loam. No further treatment of the soil is necessary; and it is not even required to touch the loosened surface of the under- lying soil, as a union is effected between the two. Kalmia” is a delight to the flower lover. Those to whom we have sent them say “Your book is a most interesting one. I never knew the beauties of these plants before,’ and then comes the order. It gives you complete information on their care and their uses. Don’t put it off, write for itnow. Tell us where you would like to have them on your grounds. Sent upon STRAWBERRY PLANTS Over twenty varieties at $2.50 per 1000. Descriptive cat- alogue free. Basil Perry, Georgetown, Delaware Headquarters for Fall Bearing Strawberry Plants request. J UETCHFORD & CONNOR Landscape Architects 509 Exchange Place Bldg. ALEXANDER’S Quality Dahlias The Twentieth Century Flower HE Dahlia of to-day is of surpassing beauty as a single flower, exquisite for private gardens, charm- ing in masses, and ideal for planting against shrub- bery. Alexander’s Up-to-date Dahlias lead t he World; because they are perfect in type and shape, beautiful in color, and most important of all Free-flowering. Our many customers are satisfied: they receive good stock; true to name, and best of all—Guaranteed to Grow. All Flower Lovers are invited to send to the Dahlia King for his latest Free Illustrated Catalogue, which contains helpful descriptions and valuable cultural hints on Dahlias, Gladioli, Roses and Cannas. J. K. ALEXANDER The Dahlia King ) 27-29 Central Street East Bridgewater, Mass. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Have You Some Friends? to whom this magazine would appeal? A very lim- ited number of copies have been set aside for my use. Send me the names and I will mail sample copies—a prospectus of coming fea- tures and our best clubbing offers. We are anxious to extend the usefulness of the magazine—will you help? Address W. H. EATON, Circulation Manager The Garden Magazine GARDEN CITY NEW YORK The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops The potato plants are set in the sand, and the roots will grow down through the sand until they strike the soil underneath. ‘The hardness of this soil prevents the formation of the potatoes therein, but they will be formed in the sand instead, obtain- ing the necessary nourishment from the soil under- neath. By growing potatoes in this manner it will be found that they will all be substantially of the same size. This is due to the fact that all the potatoes get the same nourishment and expand in the same quality ofsand. It willalso be found that the yield will be increased as well as the flavor. Washington, D. C. Frep H. Havyn- For Black Spot M« ROSES had black spot very badly for sev- eral seasons, and I tried the carbonate of cop- per compound remedy given in the book “Roses and How to Grow Them,” but without much success. So I took air slacked lime and made whitewash, which I put all over the canes with a paint brush, to the height of about fifteen inches from the roots, and poured some on the earth close about the canes. I found that it did more good than all the other things I had tried. The whitewash must be quite thick. Repeat every two or three weeks. Pennsylvania. A. H. RosBinson. Marcu, 1914 PEE Ge ik D EN MAG AZIN E 147 Start Your Flowers or Vegetables Early Tn response to a special demand I have manufactured a sash frame 8 ft. 4 in. long, and just wide enough for a 3 ft. space with southern exposure. In place of many smalllights there is one large light of extra heavy glass, which allows the maximum of life-giving sunlight to reach seeds and ants. It is so simple a child can ventilate it. $10 50 Tf desired the sash can be hinged. Price complete ° ready to put together, freight prepaid anywhere in the United States, (a remarkably low price made possible only by the large volume of my business). If you would enjoy home-grown produce in June, start your garden now. Your first crop will show a profit and the frame give years of satisfactory service. Send your order and check to-day. Shipments made promptly. Planting instructions sent with each frame. See our full size curved eave greenhouse erected at the permanent Country Life Exposition, Grand Central Terminal, New York, open dailyga.m.to6p.m. Ad- mission free. Write for catalogue of Lutton’s Greenhouses and glass garden equipment. WILLIAM H. LUTTON Office and Works Kearney Ave., Jersey City, N. J. ROSES If you want a garden of Roses that will bloom continuously from Spring till Fall consult our cata- logue which will give you all in- formation. We are also experts on Grass Seed. We will be pleased to prescribe a formula that will suit your soil and climatic conditions. Write for our Seed Catalogue and also our Nursery Catalogue. Mailed free. W. E. MARSHALL & CO. Seeds, Bulbs, Plants 166 W. 23rd St. New York Loupe - The Modern ¥ ay Gladiolus Fj i) x I again make my offer of so J Gladiolus bulbs, carefully select- ed, and including several of ‘the best “ named sorts, for soc. I take pains to add to my assortment the best new varie- ties and keep plenty of the best old sorts. I believe I give more fine gladioli for the money than any other advertiser. Among new ones I have NIAGARA, PANAMA, EUROPA, MRS. PEND- LETON, WILLY WIGMAN and many others. Bulbs and catalogue postpaid. GEO. S. WOODRUFF Independence, Iowa Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums ay ioe NT ye 4 AM | i (cas This Is Your Path To That Garden of Flowers and Fresh Vegetables It’s no use planting a garden in your head. _ Put it in the ground where it will grow. (8 secret of gardening success is vowing why your neighbor gets better results than you do. It is because he £zows more about it, because he has studied the subject more than you. There isn’t much luck in gardens—just knowledge. If you want to “know” this is your opportunity to get the most complete library of garden knowledge at a small cost and on easy terms. Every book in the Garden Library is authoritative, practical and complete. THE GARDEN LIBRARY It tells how to treat your soils, how to plant and care for House Plants and How to Grow Them. By P. T. flowers and vegetables, and what varieties grow best under Roses and How to Grow Them. By Many Experts. different conditions. In it the whole field of practical garden- =‘ The Flower Garden. By Ida D. Bennett. ing is covered, and what is more, it shows you how to get (re eee earn eye EP Pencil, gardening results. Ferns and How to Grow Them. By G. A. Woolson. Written by specialists—every sentence, idea, suggestion— —_—LawnsandHowto Make Them. By Leonard Barron. experiment in it thoroughly tried out before it was put on — P@"Q@iy— Narcissus and How to Grow Them. By paper-—not theory, but facts. Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them. By H. S. 12 volumes—450 pictures and diagrams. Everythingclearly \,,.2°sn How to Grow Them. By William Conard and Henri Hus. photographed and planned — nothing left to chance mis- McCollum. understanding. Bound in strong buckram—of a garden — G3r0en Danning oy See Them. By I. green—stamped in darker green. L. Powell. o” Before the Planting Season Goes Send Your Approval Order aha If you have a home in the country, if you have a spot large enough for a garden—if you are interested in oe, oe? the growing of flowers and vegetables — whether you own a window box, a suburban home or a vast country estate —if you grow things or hope to, you need the Garden Library. We are so sure you will agree with us once you have seen it, that we will send it to you subject to ten days examination. ; o Simply send in the enclosed order blank and the books will come eos SEND NO to you. If you decide to keep them, pay by small monthly oe - installments, if not return them at our expense; you will owe (0) See M O N EY us nothing. Before you have paid for the books, you will oo wt ne Ga be eating the tomatoes they taught you to grow —and setting your table FON oe with the roses they helped nourish. Send blank to-day and start that garden of yourdreams. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City New York me ”” THE MODEL SUPPORT FOR FOR FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES h your seed order, include Bonora, the greatest fertilizer in the world. Results onderful. Will make flowers and bles grow and bloom as if in the ics, Mature much earlier, and in Dahlias and Carnations Over 3,000,000 in Use Write for catalogue on Lawn and Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards, Trellis and other garden specialties GREATEST DISCOVERY ) } THESE MODERN TIMES. PLANT aS THOUSANDS USE IT. THOU ENDORSE IT. Luther Burbank, Jo jj Lewis Childs, Dingee and Conard say it ij is wonderful. Ask your dealer for it or order direct. Put up in dry form: 12 0z enough tomake al. postpaid soc si se aaa “ . b > eS =m “For sale by all the leading seed houses” : ries ike © 75¢ IGOE BROTHERS bs = 50 Ibs. by freight - ee 67-71 Metropolitan Ave. , Brooklyn, N.Y. 100 Ibs. by freight 40.00 Bonora Chemical Company 515-517 Broadway, New York The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 148 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ; Marcu, 1914 ’ ii TEEESeyOUrEIOW To recognize, combat and con- quer the Insect Pests, Fungous Dis- eases and Weeds that attack garden, farm and orchard crops. To estimate the cost of farm houses, barns, poultry sheds, the water supply, the silo, and the de- tailed operations of farm work such as plowing, planting, harvest- ing, etc. To choose the right book on any phase of garden or farm activity. To estimate the amount of hay in a stack according to the latest Department of Agriculture meth- ods. To plan your vegetable and flower gardens, shrubbery border and orchard. To diagnose and treat the com- mon diseases of farm animals. To make whitewash for all pur- poses. To know whether you get what you pay for in buying ‘‘pure seed.” To make cloth waterproof. To make spray mixtures in small, convenient quantities. To estimate the weight of cattle. To keep ahead of the garden work month by month. WRN WOH SES “yh SS SS SS SS Yy The Revised 1914 Edition Contains Features that are Absolutely New. Almost 200 Large Pages Fully Illus- trated. SG B?¥Fr S SS Dear Sirs: Please send me prepaid the 1914 Garden and Farm Almanac for which I enclose Thirty-five cents. XX Y DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, New York J Wy Where “The PRICE 25 CENTS 1 1914 GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC i Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y. E 1 et Typical Contents (Partial) Animal Diseases and Remedies Analysis of Soils Guide for the Best Annual Flowers Composition of Milk of Differ- ent Breeds How to Build a Storage Cellar How to Make Cloth Waterproof Iceless Cold Storage How to Make and Use Concrete Breeds of Ducks Amount of Wire for a Fence Points on Feeding Your Cattle Measurement Table for Lumber Raising Pigs for Profit Cost of a Greenhouse Rations for a Horse How to Build an Ice House The Best Lawn Grasses First Aid to the Injured Average Period of Incubation Principles of Garden Planning Value of Hay as a Food Heating the Greenhouse Uy 7) What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service Almanac” U Is Made : FOR 35 CENTS The Garden and Farm Almanac Will Save You Dollars Problems of Retarding Growth 1 THE home garden, there is no problem so baffling as that which is occasioned by the ques- tion: When is it well to retard or curtail the too exuberant growth of certain plants in order that their strength may be directed toward fruit produc- ing instead of foliage producing? This question cannot at this time be answered finally; for the problem itself has not yet been com- pletely solved. However, a few phases of this in- teresting and important subject may, with some degree of profit, be examined. Considering vine-growths which run and spread on the ground, such as melon and cucumber vines; is it best, after the gardener has decided that the vines have spread far enough, to pinch off the ends of these, so that the strength needed for their fur- ther extension may be turned back into the fruiting systems? In this case, the answer is a safe affirma- tive. Vines of this nature seldom put out a new growth at the point where they have been broken, and the feeding juices are readily and naturally diverted into channels which lead them where they will do most good. But, on the other hand, in the case of lima beans, which seem forever trying to reach farther and farther, it is injudicious to do any trimming back, for at every leaf joint a cluster of beans will form; and these, developing late, will supply the table long after the first crop has been -taken. Tomatoes have a baffling habit of putting out suckers at the leaf joints, which sometimes develop sufficiently to produce good fruit, but which more often draw off and waste in their excrescent growth the sap which should traverse the main stem to the crown and true fruiting areas of the plant. To have the finest fruits, these suckers should be trimmed off. When young, they are quite readily broken at the joints where they are formed. After setting - tomatoes in the open garden, there is usually a time when, after having rooted anew, they appear tostand still, though extraneous growths begin to appear. One of the best ways to stimulate real growth is to remove those extra new branches whose develov- ment is exhausting the vitality of the plant. From time to time one hears a great deal about potatoes failing to produce properly because “‘they went to tops.” As are many such vague and gen- eral statements, this is a misleading belief. A heavy top growth at the expense of tubers is generally an indication of a too heavy application of fresh man- ure, which over-supplies the plants with ammonia. A spindly growth, such as is often seen in “wild” land, indicates a general poverty of the soil, and a lack of attention. But there can be no possible objection to a big top on a potato plant if the soil is rich in available potash which will produce fine tubers. Some garden growers, fearful that their potatoes will ‘‘all go to tops,” mow off about half their growth, literally mutilating them. This is a form of curtailing development that can never be recommended. The plants may yield well in spite of it, but never because of it. For the sake of definitely ascertaining its effect, the following ex- periment was tried. In a row of potatoes, forty feet long, which had about attained their maximum top growth, the tops of the potatoes from half the row were cut off—about three fifths of the total foliage being thereby removed. When the potatoes were ripe, the lifting of them did not show that the operation had had any effect on the development of the tubers, either in number or in size. If anything, the plants which had not been disturbed gave a slightly better yield. Even under conditions which do not seem to war- rant it, such as poor soil and drought, the growth of sweet potato vines is often exuberant. It is never well to attempt to trim them between the rows, as their matted growth forms a mulch which retains moisture and keeps down weeds. But if the vines run too far beyond the sides of the banks, exceeding proper bounds, they may, without injury to the plants, be cut back. To make things grow is the fundamental problem — of every gardener; but to make them not grow, or to develop them in certain ways only, is a considera- tion of secondary importance. In any case, its practical worth can be determined only from careful and judicious experiment. Pennsylvania. ARCHIBALD RUTLEDGE. Marcu, 1914 Tahoe by Gea D KN eM A'G, AZ I N E 149 SAT (CDSE CU ZA AC as is QZAwaa SS8 Gi, Aff Nis ACOs ‘2, ) pe A ROSE MESSAGE To the Readers of Garden Magazine Can you imagine the beautiful sight presented by all the wonderful varieties of our splendid rose bushes when they are bursting into leaf and then into bloom —it’s really beyond the descriptive power of words. Wecannot make cold black type glow with the glorious colors of the rainbow or throw off the delicious fragrance that enchants you as you view our thousands and thousands of “The Best Roses for America” However, you may have plenty of these beautiful, fragrant roses right in your own garden. We bring you the glories of the best varieties selected from Germany, France, Holland, England and Ireland. We have personally selected 14 of the choicest roses introduced to the world during the past twelve months. Among these are the Prize Winners at the Greatest European Flower Shows Every reader who is interested in Climbers—and what lover of roses is not—will find y our Climbing American Beauty heading the list of the climbing varieties. We offer r ; plants of this variety in all sizes; one year old, 25c. postpaid; two year old, The American Pillar Rose (ein 2. 6oc. Star size $1 by express. Special prices on quantity orders. popular hardy, single climbing variety of our own introduc- tion and heads every list of single, hardy climbing varieties in Europe and America. Its rich, rosy pink flowers are ex- Free Rose Guide for 1 9 1 4 quisitely formed and produced in such abundanceas to almost hide the beautiful dark green, insect-proof foliage which covers Without question, this book contains the largest and most complete assortment of good varieties the plant froin the ground up. This American Pillar Rose may be kept pruned into bush form for the lawn if desired. ever listed. Every Conard & Jones rose bush is not only a carefully chosen variety but is per- : ‘ . . iP : -y 1 Bes 5 2-y' Id 4oc. fectly healthy and vigorous and grown on its own roots. We guarantee each bush to grow and bloom. ext; tee amend a ie apeeuae a es a No other firm has dared do that! Write today ordering some of these beautiful roses for your home prepay express charges on orders for $s planting—get our 1914 Guide now, and plan for a better rose garden than you ever have had. or more. THE CONARD & JONES CO. § *ovin'So'vedrs°“ Box 24, West Grove, Pa. Vg — SSS eT ea NNN en » ma 7 AWAY SS N SS TIN aN eeeUsy)) 0 (IIE ENSSVIN RY ‘ \ CCNA pettres How To Make Your Garden Thrive and Mature Early The kind of plant food required in your soil depends on the kind of a crop you are to raise. In order to make your garden produce its maximum yield at the lowest cost for fertilizer you should supply only those elements which are immediately available and which will be absorbed by the plant. La D School Gardens Children’s Gardens Are You Interested in These >? Give Each Child For Gardeners, Fruit Growers, Florists and General Use Comprise special distinct compositions of plant food elements for vege- tables, small fruits, root crops, flowers, greenhouses, lawns and tree-crops. They supply only the constituents your particular soil needs for some special crop. For example our Early-Crop Odorless Fertilizer Frances Duncan’s Garden-Making Chart and the work is clear and amusing to the child; the teacher's difficulties reduced one-half Suitable Plants | Simple Garden Rules supplies your soil with the four plant food elements in immediately available form needed by vegetables and small fruits for quick growth and early maturity. It is the most effective and convenient fertilizer you can apply for such crops and in the end—the most economical. Write today for our free Fertilizer Booklet—it is full of valuable information and isas valuable as a text-book on soil fertility. Special Parcel Post Offer Our Mak-Gro Odorless Plant Food is a clean, high grade granular fertilizer for indoor and out- door use on potted plants, flower beds, small fruits, lawns and small gardens. It is made especially for the amateur and is pleasant to apply. We will mail a five pound bag to any address for $1.00. Write today for special circular. We Sell Only Direct To The Consumer CONSUMERS FERTILIZER COMPANY 313 Longacre Building New York New and original planning chart (which makes it impossible for the small gardener to go astray) Little Gardener’s Time-T able all on a 9x 10 inch sheet of kindergarten paper, so tough it’s not easily torn, so cheap it can easily be replaced, if spoiled “A really big thing; a boon to school gardens and civic centres.” Louise Klein Miller, Curator of School Gardens of Cleveland, Ohio. $1.50 per hundred. Samples sent on receipt of 4 cents stamps Gardencraft Toy Co., Craftsman Bldg., 6 E. 39th St., New York City Workshop: I Milligan Place Maker of Gardencraft for Children, the new toy, endorsed by Montessori and the. ablest kindergartners The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel THE G ACR, D EN SM ANG AY Z INGE, Select the Volumes and send us the List DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York | Books of Fiction Worth Keeping The Caravaners, By THE AUTHOR OF ELIZzA- - BETH AND HER GERMAN GARDEN. The story of a little tour in England and of a German Baron who could not understand the English point of view. Illustrated. Net $1.35. The Spartan, sy Caroline DALE SNEDEKER. A fascinating story of the days of Thermopyle. It gives one the feeling of having lived in the Golden Age of Greece. Tilustrated. Net $1.35. A Woman of Genius, spy Mary AUSTIN. Shall a woman give up her career for the sake of family scruples, is the theme of this very powerful story. Net $1.35. Five Volumes by Joseph Conrad Youth. Three tales of the sea that are among the finest short stories of the English language. Net $1.35. Lord Jim. The story of a young seaman who dreamed of the day when he should face an emer- gency—and what happens when he does. Net $1.35. Romance, with ForpD Mapox HurEFFER. A book of simon-pure adventure, which tells the story of an English boy caught in the plots of a Cuban pirate band, and his love for a beautiful Spanish girl. Illustrated. Net $1.35. The Point of Honor. A humorous tale of the Napoleonic wars. Illustrated. Net $1.20. Twixt Land and Sea. Three stories of the sea and of the tropics—the two things about which Mr. Conrad writes so superbly. Net $1.25. The Battle-Ground, spy ELLEN GLAsGow. “As a story of the Civil War—the “Battle-Ground’ stands alone.” —New York Times. Net $1.35. The Recording Angel, py Corra Harris. A deliciously humorous story of life in a Georgia mountain village. Illustrated. Net $1.25. In Search of a Husband, By Corra Harris. The adventures of a girl who decides to marry for money, but who in the end capitulates to the dic- tates of her heart. Illustrated. Net $1.35. Bob, Son of Battle, py ALFRED OLLIVANT. A romantic story of shepherds and shepherds’ dogs in the North of England; it stamps Mr. Ollivant as an author of unusual force and originality. Illustrated. Net $1.35. Leather Net $1.60. The Royal Road, sy ALFRED OLLIVANT. The pathetic story of Ted Hankey, his struggle in the grip of the Giant Industry and his triumphant end. Net $1.25. The Southerner, By WALTER H. Pace. A story of the South since the Civil War. It gives a view of Southern life and progress hitherto ne- glected in fiction—the buoyant, constructive suc- cessful, hopeful struggle of the men since the war. Net $1.20. An Affair of State, spy J. C. SnaitH. A dramatic story of England in the clutch of a uni- versal strike and the reins of power in the control of an ex-haberdasher anda brilliant duchess. Net $1.25. Fenella, sy Henry L. Stuart. “Here at last we have a bit of genuine human experience. Fenella is a story to be read and with very great interest both as a story and as a picture or at least one phase of modern society in the world’s capital.” —Mzinneapolis Journal. Net $1.20. The Deliverance, spy ELLEN Grascow. A story of the Virginian tobacco fields. Illustrated. Net $1.35. Books for the Child’s Library Alice in Wonderland, ILLUSTRATED BY ARTHUR RackHAM. A most beautiful edition illus- trated by one of the foremost artists of our time. Net $1.40. Aesop’s Fables. IttustRATED BY ARTHUR RacxHam. This is a volume of endless appeal for every child—and for those lucky grown-ups who have not lost the love for fairy tales. Net $1.50. Leather, net $2.00. DeLuxe $10.00. The Boys’ Book of New Inventions, BY Harry E. Maute. The story of the greatest inventions in the past ten years told for young readers. Illustrated. Net $1.60. Indian Boyhood, sy CHartEes A. EASTMAN (OnTYESA). Stories of Indian life told by a full blooded Sioux. Illustrated. Net $1.60. The Book of Woodcraft, sy ERNEST THoMPSON SETON. A full account of nature study, hunting, camping, athletics, Indian craft and out- door life in general by this well known writer. Illustrated. Net $1.75. Books Every Man Should Own Crowds, By GERALD STANLEY LEE. that gives you a new conception of the relations of goodness and efficiency and good business. Net $1.35. The New Freedom, sy Wooprow WILtson. A clear and forceful discussion of the great prob- lems now confronting this country. Net $1.00. Advertising as a Business Force, BY PauL TERRY CHERINGTON. “Prof. Cherington’s book is incomparably the best and most authorita- tive work on advertising that has yet been issued.” —John Irving Romer in Printer’s Ink. Net $2.00. Inspired Millionaires, ny GERALD STANLEY Ler. A prophecy of “better business” of the fu- ture and a healthy antidote to Socialism. Net $1.25. Bunker Bean, By Harry LEon Witson. A laughable satire on “‘big business” and the rising generation. Illustrated. Net $1.25. The Best Stories of the World. Eb. sy Tuos. L. Masson or “Lire.” Some 4oo of the world’s best humorous stories. Net $1.00. Books of Practical Home Usefulness The Complete Housekeeper, sy Emity Hort. Suggestions for the care of the family; the house; the gardens; the pets. Illustrated. $1.00. A book’ The Country House, sy Caas. EDWARD HOOPER. Illustrated. $1.50. The Dog Book, sy James Watson. 904 pages, 810 illustrations. Illustrated. $1.50. The Encyclopedia of Etiquette, sy Emity Hott. 500 pages. Illustrated. $1.00. The Furniture of Our Forefathers, By EsTHER SINGLETON. 334 illustrations. $1.50. The Poultry Book, sy Harrison WER. The most exhaustive work on this subject. 600 illustrations, 1,299 pages. $1.50. Music Lovers’ Cyclopedia, spy RUPERT Hucues. Revised to date 1912. Net $1.50. The International Cook Book, sy Atrx- ANDER FILIPPINI. $1.00. Practical Cooking and Serving, By JANET MacKenzie Hitz. Popular edition of a complete manual of food and how to prepare it. Illustrated. Net $1.50. The New Housekeeping, sy CuristTINE FREDERICK. “These efficiency studies in home management if practised would reduce the servant problem to the minimum and raise housework to the dignity of a science.”’—Providence Journal. Illustrated. Net $1.00. Gardening Books Every Gardener Ought to Know The American Flower Garden, By NELTJE BLANCHAN. Covers adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse. Beautifully illustrated. Net $1.50. What England Can Teach Us About Gardening, By WILHELM Miter. The best English practice in gardening varied to suit American conditions. Illustrated. Net $4.00 The Garden Week by Week, ny WALTER P. WricHt. A handy guide to culture of flowers, fruits and vegetables, outdoors andfin greenhouses. Illustrated. Net $2.00. Popular Garden Flowers, By WALTER P. Wricut. A volume which shows the history uses and adaptabilities of our most commonly grown hardy garden flowers. Illustrated. Net $2.50. The New Gardening, By WALTER P. Wricut. This work bringsthe most recent de- velopments in gardening “with cultural directions into the scope of a single volume. Net $2.00. How to Make a Flower Garden, By Many Experts. A charming and practical book by experts on every branch of the subject. Illustrated. Net $1.60. Nature Books For Every Library Songs of Nature, sy Jonn Burroucus. An anthology of outdoor poetry. Net. $1.35. Moths of the Limberlost, py GENE STRAT- TON-PorTER. A most beautiful nature book with rare illustrations in colors from living moths. Illustrated. Net $2.50 The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories Marca, 1914 Wouldn’t Any of These Help You? Here are books on all kinds of subjects any of which we will send on approval. The bill will fol- low when you decide if the books are satisfactory. Write your name on the margin Dreer’s Famous American Asters We list in our Garden Book or General Catalogue over 30 From these we have selected the six sorts which we offer as varieties and colors of American Asters, comprising the finest a collection under the title of “‘Dreer’s Six Famous American Asters of American introduction to date, all of which have been Asters.” This collection embraces several distinct types and grown under our personal supervision, and we know that the colors, three of which are shown in the illustration, and all, we quality in each case is extra fine. are sure will, because of their free growth, profuse flowering, large size, and general excellence, give en- tire satisfaction to the most critical growers of this popular flower. Dreer’s Crimson Giant Rich blood crimson. Dreer’s Peerless Pink The finest of all late-flowering pink Asters. Crego’s Giant White Immense fluffy pure white flowers. Crego’s Giant Pink Identical to the above but of a beautiful soft shell-pink. Rose King A distinct and desirable variety of a brilliant rose color. Violet King Very large flowers of a pleasing soft shade of violet. PRICE: Any of the above 15 cents per packet, 2 packets for 25 cents, or the collection con- taining a packet each of the six sorts for 65 cents Everyone having a garden should have Dreer’s Garden Book for 1914 the most complete and instructive catalogue of Seeds, Plants and Bulbs ever sent out. Special Just issued—a book entitled Dreer’s Old-fashioned Hardy Plants which gives plans, and lists of plants with their color, height, time of flowering, suitable location and all needed information for the making of a Hardy Border. If you are interested in Dahlias get our special catalogue offering nearly 500 sorts. We will send any or all of the above books free to those men- tioning the Garden Magazine DREER, 714-716 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia HENRY A. | | urpee-Quality Vegetables li is the Keystone of our success. Burpee’s Seeds cost more to produce Qua ity than do usual commercial grades, but are worth much more than the difference in cost. Proof of this statement is the acknowledged fact that we have built up.and maintained for so many years the largest mail-order seed trade in the world. “Five of the Finest” for Twenty-Five Cents New Victoria “Whole Salad” Tomato Most Delicious and Most Prolific of All “Individual” Tomatoes This Uni que N OV elty will be welcomed by thousands of planters because of its great superiority both in quality and productiveness. It bears so tremendously and so continuously that twenty plants should yield more than one family could eat in a season. The vigorous vines are covered with fruits borne closely in clusters—as many as three hundred and seventy-three well developed fruits on a single plant at one time. The tomatoes measure two and a half inches in diameter and weigh three to four ounces each. They are of a rich bright scarlet color right up to the stem, and so solid that they remain in fine condition for a long time. The firm fruits are just the right size for serving whole, either alone or with lettuce, while the flavor is the best we have ever found ina “whole-salad” tomato. {@ For full description and illustration of a cluster from a photograph—see page 25 of BURPEE’S ANNUAL FOR 1914. FORDHOOK-GROWN SEED is Burpee’s New Giant-Podded Pole Lima The House of Burpee sold only in small sealed packets each containing forty seeds and bearing our Registered Trade Mark. Per pkt. 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts. has introduced more distinct New Vegetables and flowers that are now in cultivation than have any three other American firms. Se- lected Stocks are produced upon our own seven seed farms in Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, and California, while ForpHOoK Farms are famous as the largest and most complete trial grounds in America. we will mail a fifteen-cent packet of the unique For 29 Cents new VicTORIA ‘“WHOLE-SALAD”’ Tomato adver- tised above, and also a special ten-cent packet (nearly two ounces) of— Burpee’s New Giant-Podded Pole Lima Bean The largest and most delicious Lima bean the world has ever seen. A few poles ever in a city ‘‘back yard” will keep the family supplied with such quality-beans as will be a revel- alion compared with the best that can be bought on market. For illustration and description—see pages 9 and 35 of BURPEE’S ANNUAL FOR IgI4. (=~ Also—(all for twenty-five cents!)—a Regular Packet each of— Burpee’s Earliest Black-Red Ball Beet I:xtremely early, of intensely rich color and superb delicacy. See jllustration and description on page 10 BURPEE’S ANNUAL FOR 1014. Naumburger or “‘Tender-Heart” Lettuce ‘An extra early, large-heading, hardy lettuce that stands summer heat and is of fine quality, sweet and buttery—see page 57 of the B. A. “ ” 2 A useful, ‘‘double- New “Lucullus” Swiss Chard. 4,"sc) (double: that yields enormously all summer long. Serve the thick green leaves like spinach and use the broad white ribs as cooked celery. Both are of fine flavor and wholesome. For illustration and description— see page 37 of BURPEE’s ANNUAL FOR Io14. 25 Cents buys all the above “Five of the Finest” New = Vegetables which, purchased separately, would cust Jifty cents; five collections mailed for one dollar—and mailed to five separate addresses if so ordered. Q2=~ In each collection we enclose free a copy of an Interesting New Booklet on THe Foop VALUE or FRESH VEGETABLES specially prepared for us by a recognized authority of National Reputation, and also a liberal packet of a charming Mornrnc GLory as announced below. This is the most attractive offer in Vegetable Seeds yet prepared and should induce thousands to plant vegetables (even in city back yards) who have never done so before. Gratis ___with our Compliments to the Ladies. In each ’ collection we shall include, entirely Free, a packet (such as sold for ten cents last year) of either BURPEE’S AIRYFAIRY OR BuRBANK’s CRIMSON-FLOWERING—the most beautiful “‘Two Mis- takes in Morning Glories.’’ lor accurate descriptions and ex- planation of the two mistakes—one made by BuRBANK, the other by Burprr— see Illustrated Circular sent with each collection. NGS Everything on this page for 25 cents 2a Five Complete Collections Mailed for One Dollar. Burpee’s New Annual for 1914 Long Known as “The Leading American Seed Catalog” Our SILENT SALESMEN tells the plain truth about The Best Seeds That Can Be Grown. Besides color plates. of Burpee-Specialties, this bright book of 182 pages shows hundreds of the choicest vegetables and most beautiful flowers, illustrated from photographs, or painted from nature. It is almost indispensable to all who garden, for pleasure or profit, and is mailed Free to all who can appreciate the value of QUALITY IN SEEDS. It will be “THE SEAL OF surely worth your while to read Tue Burpee ANNUAL. It costs you only one cent for a post card to send us your OUALITY” address, and you are under no obligation to buy. We never annoy applicants with ‘‘follow-up” letters. Shall we SSE gee mail you a copy? If so, kindly mention Garden Magazine and write today. W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia THAT GROW. eg TOMATO. LEP an 25 vesn 2 BEST MAIS CROP . ip THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY. NEW YORK ai Vou. XIX, No. 3 APRIL, 1914 15 Cents A Copy Planning the City Lot Garden Growing Roses Outdoors in New England How to Use Flowering Shrubs Insect Pests of Early Spring Selected Grapes for the Small Garden What Sprays to Use SS C) vz 3 (> SS d S > SZ _— CSS i P + Os fs 084 2"3 ay a2 x | should buy a Green {| Mountain Silo in pref- crenee to others. day for copy of booklet. | CREAMERY PACKAGE MEG. CO., 349 West St. Rutland, Vermont ‘SCOTTISH TERRIERS For Sale and at Stud— Make Best Companions. Equally at Home in House or Stable. ™. Walescott Kennels = ~Bernardsville, N. J. VIKING KENNELS Old English sheep dogs a specialty. Lord Lehigh and Farmers’ Pride at stud. Puppies and grown dogs. All pedigreed and registered stock. Prize win- ning strain, Old English sheep dogs, Chow Chows, Scottish ter- riers, Bostons, French and Eng- lish puil dogs, West Highland terriers, at very reasonableprices. Photos gladly submitted. Mrs. THOS. W. LARSEN, Downing Ave., Newburgh, WN. Y. Buy Southern Land—buy all you can— prices now extremely low—natural increase will return your money in a few years—well farmed, annual profits will run even more. Dairy- ing, livestock, poultry, fruit and truck—these are a few of the big money-making lines. Along the Southern Ry., M. & O. and G.S.&F. Ry. are many openings. Write now for ‘Southern Field”’ mag- azine and land lists. M.V. RICHARDS, Land & Industrial Agt., Room 43 Southern Ry, Washington, D. C. Albemarle Farms Development Company Offering fertile, healthy, and well drained small farms in South Carolina, suitable for truck and general farming, at reasonable figures and on easy terms. Write for Booklet descriptive of our Development Project located on the Southern Railway at Dorchester, S. C. and entitled ‘“Dorchester, the Doorway to Opportunity” and price list of farms. Home Office, 502-503 Peoples Office Building Charleston, S. C. Practical Real Estate Methods By Thirty New York Experts Net $2.00 Postage 20 cents Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y. Deeb a Gear DEEN Me AG A.Z IN E In Search of a Husband By Corra Harris Author of “The Recording Angel,” etc Says Mrs. Harris in her new novel: “Every ball is a masked ball. The men and women, who attend such functions do not ap- pear in their real characters. ‘They come disguised in the ideal of themselves.” “Female courage is a matter of clothes. ‘The boldest woman in society would become modest, retiring, if she was suddenly reduced to wearing a plain high-necked muslin that had been laundered and darned.” Mrs. Corra Harris has written some clever books but “In Search of a Husband” for sheer cleverness beats them all. It is a daring piece of literature, admirably done. It is written brilliantly, filled with epigrams and if this is the typical girl of to-day young men should be a little wary.—Philadelphia Inquirer. Illustrated. Net, $1.35. The Lovely Lady By Mary Austin Author of “The Land of Little Rain,” etc. The lovely lady was very real to Peter from the time when he thought of her as a little girl. Several times he thought he had really found her, but each time she failed to come up to the lady of his dreams. The real Jovely lady turned up most unexpectedly. Peter did not recognize her nor will the reader till the last minute. The Chicago Record-Herald says: This is an admirable little story, well written sweet enough for a woman, strong enough for aman. Frontispiece. Net, $1.00. The Golden Barrier By Agnes and Egerton Castle Author of ‘The Pride of Jennico,” ““The Composer,” etc. The brilliant dialogue, the subtle touches of deep feeling, the love element, all these together with the sorrow and heart-breaking episodes that lend shade to the story, made this one of the very readable books of the year.—Buffalo Courier. The story is is an interesting portrayal of a situation only too possible in a_ marriage where the larger portion of the income is the wife’s.—New York Herald. Net, $1.30. Refractory Husbands By Mary Stewart Cutting Author of “Little Stories of Married Life,”’ etc. These men cannot understand their partners—cannot or will not. Sometimes it is stubbornness, sometimes self esteem, some- times mere wrongheadedness. But in each of the stories the wife is perfectly explicable, even to the male reader.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. As a fact the tales are delightful illuminations of character and all are written in a kindly spirit and really are messages of good will which tend to drive the divorce courts out of business.— Philadelphia Inquirer. Frontispiece. Net, $1.00. AT ALL BOOKSHOPS 15 The Friendly Road By David Grayson Author of ‘Adventures in Content- ment,”’ etc A book for the tramp that hides in every man—full of wide-think- ing, genial humor and common- sense, perspective such as only Mr. Graysoncanimpart. In these restful rambles he loves to mingle with his kind, to sit on door steps and get enchanting glimpses into the lives of people. His sim- ple, unhurried way of doing things isa zoth Century revela- tion. Cloth, net, $1.35. Leather, nel, $1.50. The Mixing : What the Hillport Neighbors Did By Bouck White Author of “The Call of the Carpenter,’’ etc. A book full of inspiration for any one interested in civic im- provement. Village improve- ment societies, social workers, etc., will find this story of real practical significance. Nel, $1.20. Out of The Dark By Helen Keller Author of “‘TheStory of My Life,” etc Here is another remarkable book from this truly remarkable woman comparable in interest to her inspiring ‘‘Story of My Life.” In “Out of the Dark”’ Miss Keller discusses some of the questions nearest her heart—blindness and its prevention, the social condi- tion of women, our present-day economic~ condition. Portrait Frontispiece. Net, $1.00. Man’s Miracle By Gerard Harry In Europe this book has been hailed as sensational in the best sense of the word because of its criticism of our present-day edu- cational methods and its startling conclusions about the origin and perfectibility of the human race drawn from investigation of the four deaf mutes who have aston- ished the world by their learning, Helen Keller, Laura Bridgman, Marie and Martha Heurtin. J/- lustrated. Net, $1.35. ‘Doubleday, Page & Company @ 7ee tees rik aint £2.23 address on 10 D WOU. WANT MONEY? Tf so, the opportunity to get it is afforded by becoming one of our magazine representatives. This is the subscription season—commissions and bonuses are large. We have a vacancy in your town, and this is your chance for a profitable business or side line. Write to-day for information—tell us all about yourself and how much time you will devote to this profitable work. ADDRESS CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK What ts a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service 5 os pe ee ' 156 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Romances of Modern Business CHAPTER IV The Story of a Mattress When an old Frenchman a quarter of a cen- tury ago fidgeted in the pew of his provincial church and wondered why worship of the Almighty must be attended with hard benches he was approaching a genuine service to the world. For he thought out a way to make pew cushions for churches and from his idea a great business grew in far-away Amer- ica, that of Ostermoor & Company. Mr. M. G. Ostermoor and Mr. Edwin A. Ames in a modest way began making church cushions. Later they developed the idea and made amattress. A small trade was built up with hotels and hospitals; but the business was limited. Just then fate turned a lucky card for the owners of the Ostermoor patent when a well- known advertising agent called at the small office of Ostermoor & Company. He urged Mr. Ames to expend two hundred dollars in advertising the only mattress that was built and not stuffed. That was in 1895. The suggestion was not even taken seriously. Today Mr. Ames tells of this with relish. “Thad so little faith in advertising that it took this agent nearly three months to induce me to dig down in my jeans and produce the two hundred dollars,”’ he relates in his charac- teristic way. “‘He had explained over and over again that I would be exploiting my mat- tress and necessarily creating a demand for it, but at that time I could not see the logic of it. ““And when the agent showed me the copy and told me he intended spending all my money for a half page in one magazine—well, what I thought of him wouldn’t be esthetic publicity. “But my surprise can be imagined when in a few days the orders from that one adver- tisement amounted to nearly one thousand dollars. Naturally, I continued to increase my advertising appropriation until we were using some thirty national magazines. “When I tell merchants that my adver- tising appropriation has reached two hund- red thousand dollars a year, and that my business has been built up through national magazine advertising, there is little need of anyone asking if I am a believer in national magazine advertising.” The Ostermoor Company not long ago celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of its organization. The first three years of its business life were meager; for the Ostermoor Mattress, like many other advertised com- modities, had a modest beginning and a struggle during its early existence. A dynamic force must be brought into the making of the success of a commercial pro- duct. This stirring influence — need it be said? — is the power to tell the people what the merchant has, and to tell them in a way that will command attention, interest, and confidence. The success of the Ostermoor Mattress isa striking example of the application of this in- fluence to business. ; Eighteen years ago, the Ostermoor Mattress first was advertised in a national magazine. Since then its makers have consistently adver- tised in the magazines of national circulation. Today it is seldom that you lie down in a hotel, club, or home without reposing on an Ostermoor. ° Mr. Ames and his business associates freely give magazine advertising credit for their success. Hear him further: “Our business has grown beyond our fondest expectations. As an example, I might state we did more business during the month of October, 1913, than we did during the entire year of 1896. And as the business was built entirely upon magazine advertising, we, naturally, feel indebted to the magazines.” But it is not sufficient merely to tell of the success achieved by the Ostermoor Company through the force of national magazine advertising; for the same power has per- formed another service. This is the scope of its achievement for the buying public. The Ostermoor has brought comfort to thousands, has lightened the weariness of travel and lessened the strain of sickness. It is an important feature of our present-day contributions to comfort and happiness. Such products have more than a commercial mission. This is the fourth of a series of articles that is being published to show how magazine advertising is serving the public. SWIFT’S ARSENATE OF LEAD The Standard of excellence — the pioneer brand. sults. With it you get Highest in quality — most effective in re- Used the world over. Not always the lowest in price but always cheapest in the end. Better fruit — more fruit — you kill all insect pests FOR SALE BY LEADING DEALERS EVERYWHERE MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO. Send for our Apple Book The Readers’ Service will give information about latest automobile accessories 30 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. APRIL, 1914 Trying Out Novelties I PLANT several novelties every year and in the last five years have grown but few that have proved worthless or no better than the common sorts. It sometimes happens that novelties that have made poor showing here are well suited to other sections of the country. _ This is the case with the Burpee Bush lima. It likes cool nights and succeeds better at the North than in the South. The Improved Burpee Bush lima, a much longer and larger podded sort, gives much better results with us than the old Burpee Bush lima, and in quality it is above all bush limas. Fordhook Bush lima is still more productive here, the pods and beans being of the Dreer type. I believe this is one of the most valuable of the novelties that have been introduced in seven or eight years. Two more very valuable new lima beans is Hen- derson’s Ideal pole lima and Burpee’s Giant Pod- ded pole lima. These are fine for exhibition on account of their mammoth pods. They give best results here in rich, moist soil. They are very prolific. Dwarf Giant tomato is another valuable noveity. The fruits are almost as large as Ponderosa. It does not have the strong tomato taste, the fruit being very sweet and firm. Ailsa Craig onion is a yellow variety that can be grown to a very large size in a remarkably short time from seed, but must have a rich soil and plenty of - moisture. - Berks County Bottle onion is very dis- tinct, being as its name indicates bottle shaped and with a brownish yellow skin. It does not grow to an extra large size but is very early, tender and of good quality. Gregory’s Bush pumpkin is a prolific novelty. It is a true bush type the fruit being medium in The new Baby Delight watermelon, with an exceedingly thin rind and rich, carmine flesh i size. They are excellent for small gardens; they can be grown as close together as bush squashes. The fruits are golden yellow, of good quality and very early. The Fordhook muskmelon is one of the sweet- est varieties I have grown. It is not only of good quality, but is very prolific. Livingston’s Coreless tomato is a very highly valued variety on account of its being all meat and an almost perfect ball shape. Landreth’s Fourteen Top turnip is a great im- provement over the old Southern Seven Top, which has been so highly prized in the South for winter greens. This new introduction produces from twelve to eighteen buds and makes a great mass of large leaves. Like the old Seven Top it does not make roots. Japan Mammoth turnip (Shogoin) like the Mam- moth Sakurajima radish in size, is round in form, and has small tops for so large a turnip. The leaves are different from all other varieties, being very narrow and thin. The roots are of extra good quality and sweet and tender. The leaves which grow very rapidly are also good for greens. A little melon that is bound to become a favorite wherever tried is the new Baby Delight, a pretty little round watermelon with exceedingly thin rind of dark green; the meat, a rich carmine, is very tender and sweet. When grown the fruit weighs from three to five pounds. The seed is about the size of a match head. The vines are long and pro- duce melons continuously throughout the season. Georgia. THomAS J. STEED. Widnes APRIL, 1914 Before ordering your Gladiolus Bulbs send for our Catalog which contains descrip- tions of the best that Europe and America have produced, includ- ing many varieties not listed elsewhere—all grown in our own gardens. CHAMBERLAIN & GAGE Wellesley, Mass. “Mr. Masson’s book has killed after-dinner speaking,” said a prominent orator. ‘In a short time everybody will know what the best stories in the world are.”’ Copyright Life Publishing Co. “The Best Stories in the World,’ collected, compiled, edited and introduced by Thomas L. Masson, of LIFE. Net $2 Doubleday, Page & Co. At All Bookshops Garden City, N.Y. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 157 House and Porch Plants From Their Native Home Palms, ferns, and most foliage and decorative plants are native to tropical and semi-trop- ical countries. Many of the most desirable can be propagated to advantage only under the climatic conditions in which they were originally found. These splendid house and porch plants may be enjoyed in almost every part of the world, however, when a few simple rules are observed in taking care of them. They have no rivals as decorative plants and yield a world of pleasure. Palms And Ferns Are At Home In The Royal Palm Nurseries Palms are a leading specialty at these great international supply nurseries; ferns are given scarcely less attention, and tropical foliage and decorative plants are grown in vast numbers and endless variety. Here these plants are at their best. We know how to grow them right from our thirty odd years of experience, by our methods they are given unusual beauty and vigor, and our shipping system is so satisfactory that this class of plants has carried the fame of Royal Palm Nurseries to every clime. 4 Get Some of These Fine Plants— They Will Surprise And Please You Surprise you first, by their size and strength and, second, by the splendid condition in which they reach you. And they will be a source of continual pleasure, growing with vigor from the time you plant them. In many sections they can be left outdoors until the fall. Royal Palm Nurseries catalog describes fully all the good Palms and Cycads, Ferns and Selaginellas, and Tropical Foliage and Decorative Plants. The book tells the best kinds for every purpose and gives much other helpful information. Free—write for it. REASONER BROS. 178 Benedict Ave. Oneco, Florida FATHER AND SON is the relationship between CROWDS AND Crowds Jr. Crowds is for your shelf Crowds Jr. for your pocket In pioneer days men kept a pistol in the hip pocket. In that good part of the world where everybody is "Colonel" men carry other things upon the hip. But hereabouts, those who are keen on efficiency carry Crowds Jr. Life says: “The most religious book since ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” HIP POCKET SIZE 50 CENTS NET LARGE SIZE $1.35 NET Give a copy to that young friend of yours who is just starting in business Many people can not get books. If there is no book- store near you we shall be glad to send books on ap- proval. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY NEW YORK For information regarding railroad and steamship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 158 James Huneker The famous critic says that Conrad is: The only man in England to- day who belongs to the immortal company of Meredith, Hardy and Henry James. Winston Churchill Author of “The Inside of the Cup,” etc. I have long been an admirer of his work, and it will make me very happy if, through your efforts, his books shall get that attention here which they so richly deserve. - . . Lhe essential virtue of such writing consists in its in- tensely individual point of view, in the manner and method of presentation not in the thing presented. This kind of ‘“‘liv- ing” full-charged, dramatic, all- embracing, could alone be re- vealed by this one man. ; The London Times. ‘There is great work in the book — great not only as art, for litera- ture does not begin and end there. From these magnanimous pages breathes the spirit of a man who has lived and learnt the lessons of life. Evening Standard and St. James Gazette. Heke The whole book is in the absolute proportion of a work of art .. . he (Con- rad) is one of the really great original creators. His people live in the assurance of an eyer- lasting existence. They are not creatures of time at all, for they are not made simply to reflect modern problems, but are essen- tially the immortal inhabitants of a peopled world —our own world made deathless. The English Review. Meredith Nicholson Author of “Otherwise Phyllis,” “The House of a Thousand Can- dles,’’ etc., etc., says: I am one of these benighted people who like style for style’s sake, and I look on Conrad as a great master. I know of no con- temporary writer who can build a scene before the eye as vividly as Conrad, or who can push a character through the door and leave him to speak for himself as Conrad does. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Edwin Bjorkman Translatcr of Strinberg, and well-known critic, says: I believe that no other writer has surpassed Conrad in the picturing of those two fields of human endeavor — the endlessly variable sea, and the tropics. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS CHANCE By Joseph Conrad Net $1.35 A reader says of this new story by Conrad: Rex Beach Famous novelist, author of “The Iron Trail,” “The Net,”’ etc., etc., says. Joseph Conrad stands for the highest mark in present day English fiction. I consider him the greatest living author in the English language. “Here is a book that so possesses my mind, though I finished it a month ago, that the story of Flora de Barral seems to be in some way a part of my own life. For the first half of the book I kept telling myself that I was not greatly interested, yet I was not content to stop. Unconsciously I was inserting myself into the narrow little lives of the Fynes, into the strange case of the Great de Barral, into the blundering, triumphant love affair of Flora and Anthony. “In one tremendous chapter the scattered threads of several lives are caught up, the puzzle of fortuitous human actions pieces itself together into an unforget- table picture, and Chance, that unseen dealer of the cards of life, lays his hand face down upon the table ” before you. ... . Basil King Author of “The Inner Shrine,” “The Street Called Straight,” “Way Home,” etc., etc., says of “Chance,” It is a book to be read with the concentration of the tastes with which one savors good wines. The flashes of observation thrown out by those who tell the tale — wise, humorous, or tender, as the case may be — are as remarkable as the tale itself, like the precious stones set in the binding of a missal. But of the book’s many striking qualities none is to me more impressive than the degree to which the concluding sentence justifies the quotation from Thomas Browne on the title page, delimiting the significa- tion of the title itself, and rounding out the sphere of the author’s thought. Unity of purpose could go no further. Kate Langley Bosher Author of “Mary Cary”’ and other books. Joseph Conrad has earned and . deserves the place he holds among the best English writers of to-day, and his sincerity of purpose, de- votion to art, and skill of crafts- manship are admitted by all intelligent readers of his books. ; May the people indeed praise him — as well as the critics — for this his last book, and may they not only praise but BUY!! Doubleday, Page & Company Walter Prichard Eaton Well-known critic and short- story writer, says: It is that story which absorbs us, as it absorbed him, and we are tense always for his next dis- covery. The method gives to Flora a curious lifelikehess, im- possible to describe, for it keeps her perpetually but half-revealed to us. It is the method of an artist who knows full well what he is about. © Garden City, New York The Readers’ Service gives information about reat estate APRIL, 1914 H. G. Wells Famous English Novelist, author of “The Passionate Friends,” “Tono-Bungay,”’ etc., says: One of my chief claims to dis- tinction in the world is that I wrote the first long appreciative review of Joseph Conrad’s work. John Galsworthy The English novelist, author of “The Dark Flower,” etc., wrote of Conrad's books in 1908. The writings of these ten books is probably the only writing of the last twelve years that will enrich the English language to any great extent. Every critic will delight in this book as a characteristic piece of Mr. Conrad’s workmanship. One can scarcely think of a novel whose writer has made us see more precisely just what he intended. All these have the mark of inti- mate, final, unforced delineation that is Mr. Conrad’s supreme gift. The Pall Mall Gazette. Tt is a red-letter day in the life of a reviewer, when a new novel by Mr. Conrad falls to his lot. 2 » . sailormen all the world over must thank Mr. Conrad for adding to his wonderful gallery two such splendid portraits of heroic unselfishness and simple loyalty as Captain Anthony and Mr. Charles Powell of the “‘Fern- Galle,” 5 The Spectator. Coming straight from its spell, indeed still in the entrancement which Mr. Conrad’s writing pro- duces, one may well declare the latest to be the best of his books. In this completeness and relevancy, Mr. Conrad has never surpassed ‘‘Chance” — that is to say in the sheer art of the thing. The London Daily Chronicle. Gouverneur Morris Well-known writer of short stories says: More and more I hear people say: “Have you read Conrad’s latest?” Those who haven’t read him are not well-read. Those who don’t intend to read him are of a foolish and slovenly mental habit. As for those who are engaged in reading him — for the first time—oh, my word, how I envy them! Apri, 1914 : Tete eGaese h D EEN ~ME AvG A ZEN E 159 | PENROD By BOOTH TARKINGTON Author of ‘Monsieur Beaucaire,’’ “‘A Gentleman From Indiana,” etc. The Story of _ yj Z= LEN) EEO e ANI a Boy’s Heart | “BUNKER BEAN,’ etc. for Every Age [ARE YS A J) says: “‘I think you have never done anything so good as PENROD.’’ i A Booth Tarkington told the artist what kind of a boy Penrod was and this is how he described him: A father, who has several Penrods of his own, writes: It’s approaching midnight and while my irrepressibles are asleep I’ve been amusing my- self more than I can tell you by reading the latest concern- ing Penrod. It’s great. You see, at times I’ve been in the position of the suffering Mr. Schofield. Get rid of some more of this good stuff —we men in commercial life need it in our business (as our brother Hoosing Ade might say in his fable English). “Penrod should not look tall, athletic, graceful; neither should he seem quite so short and awkward. Nor must he- seem either modish or too ex- tremely untidy. “Duke” (the dog) is a little larger than I have drawn him. Sometimes he should look up affection- ately at his master — the most important thing is that ‘Pen- rod’ should always be the same. boy —If he wears a ‘Norfolk,’ it shouldn’t be too Hart Schaff- ner and Marx! He should be most of all, an individual.’ Nowhere has Booth Tarkington done such finished, exquisite work as in this story of boyhood. The full flavor of his story is not only for the grown man or woman, but for all ages that love the comic muse. It is a picture of a mn boy’s heart, full of those lovable, humorous, tragic things which are locked secrets to older folks em ti ee Up unless one has the gift of understanding. Booth Tarkington has it eminently and “ Penrod” & ri will stand as a classic interpretation of the omnipresent subtlety — BOY. Really illustrated (as you see) by GORDON GRANT Attractively Bound in blue cloth Net $1.25 Doubleday Garden City Page & Co. New York The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories 160 , THE GARDEN MAGAZINE | A Package of New Books! Vandover and the Brute Don’t You Enjoy the Pleasure of Opening It? Here are two pages full of interesting new publications and the Parcel Post Law, now in effect, allows us to send as many books as you want to see at very low rates. the titles that interest you, mail the list to us, and we will send the books on approval. Pick out By Frank Norris Author of ‘‘The Octopus,” “The Pit,” “MacTeague,” etc. It seems almost too good to be true that Frank Norris, the most powerful of American realists, should have left a manuscript that remained hidden until but a few months ago—yet such is the case. Vandover remains as the author penned it. Unrevised, it retains the vividness as well as the crudeness of its first inspiration. One reader says of it “A vivid and masterful story of the gradual degeneration of an easy-going man—a man who might have been a great artist but who always did the easiest thing. It is a series of pictures, as clear and full of motion as a cinematograph film. And what wonderful sketches of that old San Francisco of the days before the fire!” ‘‘Vandover” has a message for every man and woman. Net $1.35. By G Ad Ade’s Fables Author of Cee ee the Neighbors,” etc. “As Others See Us” might better describe this new collection of fables by the irrepressible Ade. You are in it (though you may not recognize yourself), your friends are also there and you can have a good laugh at them. Ade tells of “The Speedy Sprite” “The Intermittent Fusser,” and the return of the prodigal, all strictly in accord with the modern developments. He has a new story on every town and everybody and his slang and catch phrases are ahead of the procession, as ever. Illustrated by John T. McCutcheon, Net $1.00. A Son of the Ages By, Stanley Waterloo Ages ago Prometheus was bound by the gods to a rock in the Caucasus be- cause he brought fire to suffering humanity. You may doubt that story now, but seriously: who did discover fire? Scar, a prehistoric man, descended through the ages. He saw apes gradually turning into men. He used first the crude weapons of the forest—then stone — then one great day bronze was discovered. He saw the first boat accidentally fashioned by lightning and lived to behold the Mediterranean dotted with sails of all nations. His life through the ages tells the story of the human race—the fascinating story of the descent of man. Illustrated by Craig Jones. Net $1.25. Life Is a Dream By Richard Curle Mr. Curle’s stories are of the East. A friend of Joseph Conrad’s, he has something of the latter’s sense of the magic of the untrodden spaces. In his story of the man who after years in the tropics, longed for home; and yet when he got back to gray, wet England, found that his heart was still in the South Seas, and so took the next By theauthor of “Elizabeth and The Pastor’s Wife Her German Garden,” “The Caravaners” etc. Ready May 9th. You remember the whimsical humor of “The Caravaners” and the author’s other stories—those irresistible satires on Germany and the Germans? This story is another of the same amusing kind. It is the story of an English girl who marries a German and of her life in a small Prussian town, cut off from everything foreign or exciting. From the time of her romantic courtship to that of her sensational elopement her adventures are a real delight. Net $7.35. Cleek of Scotland Yard ¥ yor: W. Hanshew A new version of “set a thief to catch a thief.’”’ Cleek is an interesting character—now Apache—now political intriguer—mnow turned detective. Now there was a great crime wave in London and Cleek was nowhere to be found. Scotland Yard was at its wits’ ends. And just then occurred some of the most interesting events of Cleek’s career. Hounded on one side and sus- pected on the other, with the help of Ailsa Lorne‘he at last unravelled the threads of the mystery and in the end renounced a crown. Illustrated. Net $1.25. Joseph Conrad By Richard Curle H. G. Wells,.Galsworthy, Huneker, Sir Hugh Clifford, on the other side, Bjorkman, H. ai Mencken, and others in this country have proclaimed Conrad to be one of the great authors of all time. Mr. Curle has written a sympathetic critique of Mr. Conrad and it gives a very convincing picture of the man APRIL, 1914 steamer back, the reader passes in very truth through the mental crises of the exile. Net $/.35 The Loves of Ambrose By Margaret Vandercook Ambrose was never disobedient to the womanly vision. He was a husband by conviction. At 19 at 27 at 57 and yet again at 76 he took unto himself a wife—for his was a warm Southern heart that just had to love somebody. A modern Henry VIII you say? But no; for Ambrose was the most lovable of men, all leanness and quaint fancy— with a touch of the charm of Lincoln in his make-up. The story is like the breath of warm Kentucky Springtide — fresh and yet balmy. TIlustrated by Gordon Grant. Net, $1.00. e B J li The Tree Guide gen Rogers In about the length and breadth of the palm of the hand this little book gives descriptions and illustrations of every tree East of the Rocky Mountains. The descriptions in- clude the classification, range, distinctive features such as flowers, leaves and fruit of the trees. Thirty-two of the illustrations are in colors and many in black and white. Cloth, net §1.00; Leather, net $1.25. The Drama Lenore Series of Plays Vol. I. “Kindling”’ By Charles Kenyon Introduction by Clayton Hamilton Vol. II. “‘A Thousand Years Ago” By Percy MacKaye Introduction by Clayton Hamilton Ready April 9th Vol. III. “‘The Great Galeoto’’ By Jose Echegaray Vol. IV. “‘The Sunken Bell’’ rise Gerhart Hauptmann Biren May 9th Vol. V. ‘‘Her Husband’s Wife”’ By A. E. Thomas Introduction by Walter Prichard _ Eaton Vol. VI. ‘‘Mary Goes First’’ By Henry Arthur Jones Each volume, net 75 cents who has without doubt written some of the finest stories in the English language. Net $7.50. Ready May 9th. My Garden Doctor By Frances Duncan Mother Nature will cure you of your ills far better than any doctor, at least so this charming young lady found. She tried ’ specialists and remedies. She exhausted the knowledge of science, but remained uncured. Then one day she bethought herself of a garden she owned but did not cultivate. Thither she went and straightway her whole outlook on life was changed—self-pity was changed to love of flowers and she was cured once and for all, through her contact with Mother Earth. The prescriber of the cure then has something to say. Net $1.00 Forest Neighbors By William Davenport Hulbert POPULAR EDITION \ A delightful series of stories of animals of the great woods. Formerly $1.50 now 50c net. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops APRIL, 1914 inheHUny (Gaal Deh Ne MA, GrA-Z IN: E Of all pleasant things, there is none like the delight of opening a big package of new miscellaneous books. A piece of furniture shows all there is at first glance, a vase presents itself completely at once, but a package of books is a promise, an adventure, an unguessed riddle ; and when every last page is read, it is ready for reread- ing, for decorating your shelves, and for real service. The Carpenter and the Rich Man By Bouck White Author of “The Call of the Carpenter” “The Call of the Carpenter” was but half of Mr. White’s message. It made Christ an interesting personage to rich and poor alike—the new one applies Christ’s doctrine of the immorality of riches to modern conditions. Christ said that fellowship and riches were incompatible—Mr. White shows that through the swollen fortunes of to-day we are on the brink of social revolution, and that it is only through a return to Christ’s idea of true fellowship that this may be avoided. Net $/.25. America and the Philippines By Carl Crow Thereare 5 million inhabitants in the Philippines, more than 90% of them il- literate—all of them backward. The United States holds the Islands—what is its duty toward these people? Is it to make them free and let them work out their own salvation or to govern them with an assurance of peace and prosperity? Trade with the islands has trebled since Spanish days. Shall we jeopardize this by rash legislation or allow it to grow as it is now? These are the ques- tions which we as Americans have to face. From Mr. Crow’s book you will be able to form an intelligent opinion as to the capabilities of the Filipino and the economic future of the islands. Many illustrations. Jllustrated. Net $2.00. The Job, the Man, and the Boss By Dr. Katherine M. H. Blackford & Arthur W. Newcomb This book will help to put the right man in the right job. It is an analysis of the cost of changing help in the departments of a business. It reduces to a science the difficult art of hiring and firing. It tells the boss how to analyze men so that he can decide for what they are best suited. It tells him how to save in human energy the waste effort of the right men in the wrong position. Cloth, net $1.50; Leather, net $2.50. Ready April 26th. Building, by a Builder By Benjamin A. Howes A book that tells the layman how to build cheaply, speedily and well; written by a contractor-engineer who knows not only the best methods of construction, particu- larly along the line of endurance, but all the tricks of the contractor’s trade as well. Illustrated. Net $1.20. The Boy’s Camp Book By Edward Cave Author of “The Boy Scout’s Hike Book” Camping is a magic word to boys and Mr. Cave has told all the interesting things connected with it in a way to make everyone long to test his advice. He answers all your questions about sanitation, cooking kits, transporta- tion and all other problems that arise to make camping either very delightful or quite the reverse. Jllustrated. Net 50 cents. Ready May 9th. By Harrison That Farm Whittingham “Tf business interferes with your farm life—give up the business,” says Mr. Whittingham. He did, and is a better man physically and mentally for it. He also taught him- self how to run his farm as efficiently as his business, so in the end, he not only got health, but made money on the transfer. He tells here how he did it. Illustrated. Net $1.20. Botany For Beginning Students in Science Study The Threshold of Science Series By E. Brucher Professor in the University of France Mechanics By C. E. Guillaume Chemistry By Georges Darzens Lecturer of the Polytechnic School, aris, France Mathematics By C. A. Laisant Other volumes in preparation Each volume illustrated, Net 50c. The Mexican People: Their Struggle for Freedom By L. Gutierrez de Lara and Edgcumb Pinchon A book about Mexico from the Mexican point of view. Land is at the bottom of the Mexican trouble. The peon is fighting for it, the land owners who own nearly 90% of the country are fighting to retain their swollen estates. Unless this is understood the revolution degenerates into a struggle of rival bandits. This is the opinion of Sefior de Lara and his work is authoritative, for he is one of the leaders of the revolution and a thorough student of history. Mr. Pinchon has contributed a translation of singular clearness and beauty of style. Illustrated. Net $1.50. Ready April 26th. Psychology and Social Sanity By Hugo Munsterberg Author of “Psychology and Industrial Efficiency,” “The Americans,” etc. The closing link in the chain of Prof. Miinsterberg’s popular books on the application of modern psychology to the practical tasks of life. It tells how social problems may be settled, social reform and soundness hastened by its study. Prof. Miinsterberg throws light on some advertising problems, on our jury system, on the sex problem, on efficiency on the farm, on the mind of the investor, and other subjects of great present-day importance. Net $/.25. The Conquest of the Tropics By Frederick Upham Adams Author of “The Kidnapped Millionaires” “The Conquest of the Tropics’ tells of the origin, the growth, and the management of the United Fruit Company. It is a truthful tale of tropical adventure, of hardships, courage, energy, and business genius, out of which devel- oped a new enterprise, and brought fresh fruit to a northern market at reasonable prices. Jllustrated. Net $2.00. Ready April 26th. The Panama Canal By Frederic J. Haskin Author of “The American Government” To-day you can sail through the Culebra Cut whose sides tower from three to five hundred feet overhead and whose width is more than half a mile—yesterday this was the back- bone of thecontinent. How was this great feat accomplished? Mr. Haskin tells how it was done. He gives the whole history of the work, from the time it was dreamed of by Charles V. to its accomplishment by the United States in the present year. His record is accurate: Col. Goethals corrected the en- gineering chapters, the photographs are made by the official photographer of the Canal Commission. From his account you obtain a concrete conception of the whole work. /00 photographs and diagrams. Net $1.35. Zoology DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York If you wish to systematize your business the Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions 161 ip ome her ee ae ee PENROD This new book by the author of “The Gentleman from Indiana,” ‘Monsieur Beau- caire,”’ etc., was published March 26th. We believe it will be only a short time before “Penrod” will have established himself every- where as a real person and one of the most lovable youngsters ever put in a book. The writer of these notes thinks he was a good deal of a Penrod once upon a time and you will think you were, too, just as sure as you read Booth Tarkington’s story. And if you are a parent, you can be morally certain that the strange, unaccountable Boy who is part Indian, part fiend, part lovable child, who fills you alternately with fond hope and abys- mal despair, is just another Penrod whom you can largely understand with Booth Tarking- ton’s assistance. It is doubtful if Mr. Tarkington has ever done more genuinely finished work than in this story. From Penrod’s first appearance, in the legend of Arthur, for which a loving mother and sister array him in an extraordinary cos- tume, down to the adventures with the tar-pot and his father’s sling, and the gala event of his twelfth birthday, we watch a boy’s mind at work, strange, inscrutable thing that it is; THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.’’—Antony and Cleopatra. we see the humorous, tragic things that fill a boy’s heart; and we come to the end with many regrets, for, first and last Penrod is a Real Boy. We commend the illustrations to special notice. JOSEPH CONRAD “You'll know more about Conrad in a twelvemonth,” was what we said in “‘ The Talk of the Office” just a year ago — April, 1913. Was ever prophecy more religiously fulfilled? For truly the publication of Chance this spring has been something of an event in literature. In England Conrad’s genius has been more widely recognized for some time; we in America your have been slower to realize that in this Polish © sea-captain (who never heard a word of Eng- lish until he was nineteen) we have one of the great masters of romantic narrative. But now Chance has come “‘to haunt, to startle, and waylay.” Truly a book that deepens one’s ap- preciation of the inscrutable poignancies of life. The growth of interest in Conrad adds time- liness to the book, ‘Joseph Conrad” by Richard Curle, a young Englishman of much promise, which we announce for May. It isa study of Conrad both as writer and as man. Curle is in a sense a disciple of the man he treats, and has a certain spiritual affinity with him. He is himself the author of a volume of short stories of rather unusual quality—“‘Life is a Dream” also to appear in May. FORTY-NINE FORTY-NINERS The returns from our advertisements (in connection with Stewart Edward White’s Gold) for Forty-niners have far exceeded our anticipation. At the time of writing, by a curious coincidence, no less than forty-nine forty-niners have written in for the compli- mentary copies of Gold which we offered. Their eagerness to renew their memories of those stirring days is pathetic, and the anec- dotes they tell of their adventures in the Gold- Rush are interesting in the extreme. TWO SEVENS Seven has always been a mystic number. Not only have we heard from forty-nine forty- niners, but by this month seven volumes of the Seven Seas Edition of the Works of Rud- APRIL, 1914 FFICE-| y yard Kipling will be in the hands of the sub- scribers. One of them is the signed volume containing the special page autographed by Mr. Kipling himself. There are not very many of the 1,050 sets left. It will be interesting - to see what this set sells for at the booksales fifty years hence. AN INVITATION RENEWED A welcome to our big garden awaits readers. during all the spring months. This year we're established and will leave you to decide how true in the case of this community of eight. hundred workers is Kipling’s prophecy that “The Glory of the Garden glorifieth every one”. We hope that many visitors may find that “The Glory of the Garden lies in more than meets the eye.” : P. S. By the way, the curve of Kipling appreciation is still in the ascendant, and some of his very best verse is in the History of Eng- land, by Mr. Kipling and C. R. L. Fletcher from which the above lines are quoted. By ie waa e Se, ee, ae, Ltd Bee? This is the space occupied by ten thousand HARVESTER. A new printing of twenty-five times this size: i. e€., 250,000 copies, has just been completed Apri, 1914 ‘ ep Ro GeAGh DEYN “MAGA ZI NiE 163 A Greenhouse To Fit Any Need and Pocketbook HE FACT that our reputation has become linked with so many of the more pretentious greenhouses built in this country, often gives the impression that we are perhaps a little too big a con- cern to build small houses. Such an impression is entirely wrong. Of the three or four houses our factories turn out every working day of the year, by far the greater number are small and medium sized ones. You would be surprised to know how many are only 33 feet long and 18 wide. The one so feet long divided in two compartments is the greatest seller of them all. We first had to do the little things well, before we could attempt the big ones. Big as we now are, we are doing the little things better than ever. Our customers are getting more real personal service. Our houses, because of their improved construction and equip- ment, more nearly approach the ideal conditions so long sought for in glass enclosed gardens. To the better appreciate just what we mean by service and to get a broader understanding of the range of houses we build, we suggest your sending for our Two P’s Booklet—or Glass Gardens, A Peep Into Their Delights. It’s just a little plain clothes, chattily told tale that treats of a surprising number of things in a brief way. The illustrations are many. Should you prefer to see one of us and talk the question over, we will gladly, at your suggestion, make an appointment to call. Lord & Burnham Company NEw York CHICAGO Boston ROCHESTER PHILADELPHIA CLEVELAND ToRONTO 42nd Street Bldg. Rookery Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Granite Bldg. Franklin Bank Bldg. Swetland Bldg. 12 Queen Street, East FACTORIES—Irvington, New York Des Plaines, Ill. The Box that Makes the Plants Grow STEEL GREENHOUSE IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN PLANTS, you should see this new patented galvanized steel box. It can be set inside or outside the win- dow, or on the porch railing—anywhere. Will not leak, and damage the wood- work. Patented ven- tilating and drainage bottom. Made of heavy galvanized steel, enameled green. 6 A eee RSF NEW PHONY DAHLIA Roses si, Wil 3.Sshi 25- “John Wanamaker” THIS SUMMER ‘ Sent to any address postpaid; Newest, Handsomest, Best. guaranteed to reach you in good growing condition, Cut Blooms sold at $3.00 per doz. GEM ROSE COLLECTION 2 ee Etoile de France, Dazzling Crimson New Color, New Form, New Habit of Growth. To be introduced in 1915. Send for information Blumenschmidt, Yellow and Pink Etoile de Lyon, Golden Yellow ¢ = aie how you can get a “John Wanamaker” in May, IQr4. Bessie Brown, Delicate Blush FRE Ournew catalogue entitled ““The World’s White Bougere, Snow Wh. Mamie, Grandest Pink SPECIAL BARGAINS 6 Carnations, the ‘‘Divine Flower,”’ All aia, fronts, with canvas-covered frames. You can add sec- tions at ey time. _ Easily erected. comfortable year-round house. In stormy weather the run may be covered, giving a protected First Section scratching room. Size, 10x4ft., 5 ft. ==~==- $75.00 high. Additional Sections 00 $60.00 Each Send for catalogue. EN F. HODGSON CO., Room 311, 116 Washington St., Boston, Mass. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles A Record of which we are Proud Read this testimonial from a well known lover of birds. “Of the twenty-five houses purchased from your con- cern, twenty-two were occupied by song birds in the spring of 1913, and several have already been taken this spring.” MISS HELEN WOODRUFF SMITH Linden Lodge, Stamford, Conn. The Howes Bird. Attractors appeal to birds because they are sombre in color and each is made to suit the birds for which it is intended. HERE ARE SOME OF OUR LUD oe US Wren and Chicadee Houses, 25c., 50c., $1. Blue Bird, Flicker, Crest- Flycatcher Houses, $1.00. Martin $4.50, Forty- eight Room Martin House to order, $30. Bird Baths, large, on Rus- tic Pole $5.00. Small Bird Baths on Ped- estal $5.00. Phoebeand Robin Shelves 10c. All Kinds of Winter Foods at Moderate Prices. Feeders, $1, $2, and $3. Send for Free Illustrated Catalogue MAPLEWOOD BIOLOGICALLABORATORY Stamford, Conn. IN CALIFORNIA Are you interested in growing flowers? If so, how would you like to go into the florist business in California? Our green houses and home are for sale. Price $6,000. Write for particulars at once. W. E. Johnston, Nevada City, California P. O. Box 222 STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, &c., OF THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Published in accordance with the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912. Editor, Leonard Barron, . . . . Garden City, N. Y. Managing Editor, Leonard Barron, . . Garden City, N. Y. Business Managers, Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. Publishers, Doubleday, Page & Co., . Garden City, N. Y. Owners, Doubleday, Page & Co., . Garden City, N. Y. Stockholders holding 1 per cent. or more of total amount of stock on April 1, 1914 F.N. Doubleday, . . -. . +. ~~. # #«=Garden City, N. Y. Walter H. Page, exicg. soe ts ket Vateeeie 5 London, Eng. Herbert S. Houston, oat tel as) pene GardeniGrny=NeEvE S.A. Everitt; <" =.'.9 Sis.) me eee ei Gardens@ityam Neve Henry,W.) Lanier, — cua somes a cc eerete Eliot, Me. Ook lowe ~ 4 is 25. 4 5 Norwich, Conn. IY Cote Ome BH 4 5 6 6 6 New York, N. Y. R. M. Fair, or Pai tenn Ney ana Same Chicago, Ill. Wi WerBullers 90's) en) reli mnemnne New York, N. Y. W.F. Etherington, . . Rieeon ach New York, N. Y. Known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders, holding 1 per cent. or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities. No bond, mortgages, or other securities of indebtedness out- standing. (Signed) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY By S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer. Sworn to and subscribed before me this rst day of April, 1914. (Signed) Albert H. Jennings, Notary Public Nassau County, N. Y. Commission Expires March 3o, 1916. “i a, eee eee ee ee _ June, 1914 DArHohe Coan, DE: NMA GAZ IN E Q77 “If I Had Only Learned As A Child” An able, highly cultivated man, successful in his business says this: “Because I did not learn as a child to know the birds and flowers, the trees, the million little swarming living things, the outdoor world is to me a closed book. A whole world has { been taken from me.” Neltje Blanchan author of “Bird Neighbors” and “Game Birds” wriles: ““Nature, the best teacher of us all, trains the child’s eyes through study of the birds to quickness and precision, which are the first requisites for all intelligent observation in every field of knowledge. I know boys who can name a flock of ducks when they are mere specks twinkling in their rapid rush across the autumn sky; and girls who instantly recognized a goldfinch by its waving flight above the garden. The white band across the end of the king bird’s tail leads to his identification the minute some sharp young eyes per- ceive it. Ata considerable distance a little girl I know distinguished a white-eyed from a red-eyed vireo, not by the color of the iris of either bird’s eye, but by the yellowish-white bars on the white-eyed vireo’s wings which she had noticed at a glance. Another girl named the yellow-billed cuckoo almost hidden among the shrubbery, by the white thumb-nail spots on the quills of his outspread tail where it protruded for a second from a mass of leaves. A little urchin from the New York City slums was the first to point out to his teacher, who had lived twenty years on a farm, the faint reddish streaks on the breast of a yellow warbler in Central Park. Many there are who have eyes and see not.”’ Give your children the chance to know that outdoor world. Give them the opportunity to gain that knowledge which will be of value to them as long as they live through the NEW NATURE LIBRARY Present price reduced more than one half On easy terms—You must act quickly When all the great mass of material had been chosen, edited, set up and magnificently illustrated, we found that at first it made 17 volumes. With- out taking out a word—a letter, a picture, a page—we have put the same plates into 8 comfortable volumes. And this we have accomplished simply by using an extraordinary light opaque expensive imported paper. We found that those who owned these books wanted to read them day by day. Books to | be held in the hand—to be carried in the field—to be lovingly read and frequently consulted. Remember, everything is there—the eight thousand pages, | 2 er the six thousand text pictures are there, the four hundred big, full-color pictures are there—every word of brilliant | story—every word of priceless index—every word of scientific knowledge. Yet the price is less than half and this is why. One of the biggest cost items in the making of books is the binding. Because we are able to get these new sheets into eight volumes—and because the first sets paid for the cost of the original plates, we are able to offer this present edition at less than half the old price. ‘A . 8,000 Pages — 6,000 Illustrations— 400 Full Color Photos | And these are the bare names that indicate the good things in these eight volumes Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan; Game Birds, by Neltje Blanchan; Bird Homes, by A. Radclyffe Dugmore;: Butterflies, by Dr. W. J. Holland; Moths, by Dr. W. J. Holland; Trees, by Julia E. Rogers; Frogs, by Mary C. | Dickerson; Insects, by Dr. L. O. Howard; Spiders, by John Henry Comstock; Grasses, by Mary Evans Francis: Wild Flowers,-by-Neltje Blanchan;.Mosses.and-Lichens, by Nina L.:Marshall;. Animals, by Witmer Stone and ‘ William Everett Cram; Mushrooms, by Nina L. Marshall; Shells, by Julia E. Rogers; Reptiles, by Raymond L. Ditmars; Fishes, by David Starr Jordan and Barton W. Evermann. . Get the Half-Price While You Can—Send the Coupon To-day Send the coupon. It brings the whole set, all charges prepaid, on approval, to be returned Roy, at our expense if it does not open new treasure to your mind, new joys to your heart. Ra These eight volumes are a beautiful road to a beautiful world you will know better. we. On They show the way to enjoy outdoors in its largest and its smallest phases—in its RSA GM biggest view and its smallest living thing. When you think how fast the original SA 6-14. edition at $68 was sold—you can realize that this present edition of the same oF Doubleday value and at less than half the price will not last long. Send the coupon for Swat Pack on your eight volumes on approval to-day. For a prompt acceptance of this 7 Garden City, N y. offer we will include Country Life in America for a year. > oa 7 4 Please a ey all charges prepaid, for ex- DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 307 SS one ene nanes i S Edition of The New Nature Garden’ City New York SOF Library in eight volumes and e y’_.cnter my name to receive Country @ _ Lifcin America fora year. If the books i Suis KE do not come up to my expectations I will TREURER Mamuine RE ee wc 2 oe. TENS a return them at your expense; otherwise, I will LIBRARY LIBRARY Ree LIBRARY RE send you the present reduced price at the rate Re ‘efi ae = ; of $3.00 a month for the cloth binding until voLuME VOLUME vite we Raine Rt ) $313.50 has been paid. For {leather $4.00 a r 5 Vv rp vigae month until $41.50 has been paid. For full leather $5.00 a month until $51.50 has been paid. Cross out the bindings not wanted. For cash deduct 5%. The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops 278 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.’’—Antony and Cleopatra. JuNE, 1914 CONRAD A RISING STAR The greatest pleasure that a publisher can have is to help an author to his proper audi- ence, or to enlarge this audience. A few months ago we started to find for the writings of Joseph Conrad the readers who we knew would enjoy his books, and, fortunately, we had a new novel — “Chance” by name — with which to start our plans. This novel has been a great success in Eng- land and in this country, but it will go on month by month and year by year. Of it the London Times says: “The story moves like a broad solemn stream fed by the rains of a high and mysterious watershed”; and we could quote a page full of extravagant praises, but to most readers a more interesting thing is the expressions of appreciation of other authors for Joseph Conrad’s work. From a large number of letters we take these phrases, trying to restrain ourselves from the tempta- tion of quoting over much: “Tt is a book in which one can afford to pass nothing over. Itisa bock to be read with the concentration of the tastes with which one savors good wines.”’ — Basil King. “‘T know of no contemporary writer who can build a scene before the eye as vividly as Conrad, or who can push a character through the door and leave him to speak for himself as Conrad does.”— Meredith Nichol- son. “T consider him the greatest living author in the English language and have read nearly everything he has written.” — Rex Beach. “He is becoming necessary to contemporary educa- tion. Those who haven’t read him are not well-read.” — Gouverneur Morris. “What a wonderful style he has — what a perfect mingling of austerity and beauty.” — Ellen Glasgow. “T believe I've made as many ‘Conrad readers’ as the next man; and so shall continue.” — Stewart Ed- ward W hite. “J do buy, circulate, believe in, and praise Joseph Conrad.” — Kate Douglas Wiggin. “T have long been an admirer of his work.” — Win- ston Churchill. “Tn this adoptive son England has acquired a writer of the highest rank.” — Hamlin Garland. “The only man in England to-day who belongs to the immortal company of Meredith, Hardy, and Henry James.’ — James Huneker. “One of my chief claims to distinction in the world is that I wrote the first long appreciative review of Joseph Conrad’s work.” — H.G. Wells. “The distinction of Joseph Conrad’s work is that there is nothing with which it may be compared.” — Mary Austin. “The writing of ‘Youth’ alone would suffice to give him a place among men of genius.” — Dr. Richard Burton. “Yhere’s a true genius writing in English, even to- day, and his name 1s Joseph Conrad.” — Louis Joseph Vance. “T notice signs that Conrad at last has come to his own. People are talking about him. His sellers are stocking him. The public is buying him.”—Shan Bullock. We have published a little book containing the biographical and bibliographical record of Conrad’s life and work which we should be glad to send you with our compliments. FRANK NORRIS “Vandover and the Brute,” Frank Norris’s newly discovered story, has revived the reali- zation of what American letters lost by his untimely death twelve years ago. The num- ber of inquiries about the man and his books led us to ask Charles Norris, his younger brother, to prepare a sketch of him for our series of booklets on authors, which we send free on request. Those who are interested in Frank Norris’s work will find the little booklet of very inti- mate interest. Charles Norris ‘describes the fire and power of the man, the riotous imagin- ation, the unbounded creative energy of his abundant youth. Typical of Frank Norris’s whimsical fancy were the stories he sent home from Paris (he was still in his ’teens) to amuse his younger brother. The latter speaks wist- fully of these manuscripts, which were lost in the San Francisco fire. “When the family returned to California, leaving Frank in Paris to continue his study of art, he began writing me a novel in which all our favorite characters reappeared, revolving about myself, whom he described as the nephew of the Duke of Burgundy. It cametome in chapters, rolled up inside French newspapers to save postage. Each installment was profusely illustrated with pencil sketches, mostly of myself as an esquire, a man-at-arms, an equerry, and finally as a knight. Plots and episodes from the works of Scott, Francis Bacon, Frank Stockton, and others were lifted bodily, some- times the actual wording was borrowed. J remember a sentence, “The night closed down dark as a wolf’s mouth,” that years later I found again in the opening of a chapter of ‘Quentin Durward.’ “Frank came home before these adventures were finished. He left the heroine lashed to a railroad track, and me locked in a neighboring switchman’s tower.” Our own association with Frank Norris’s -piness and prosperity of Mexico. youth is not uninteresting. For several years he was one of the workers as an associate with the rest of us in the office of Doubleday, Page & Company in Union Square, when we first began the publishing business. He had our affection and admiration, and when he went to California to write a new novel, we expected to see him back with us soon in the office. He died suddenly, and he left a place in our organization impossible to fill. AN INTERESTING MEXICAN AUTHOR Sefior L. Gutierrez de Lara, author of “The Mexican People: Their Struggle for Freedom,” just published, is a most interesting man. Born a member of the aristocratic classes in Mexico, poor, proud, and hot tempered, he threw all his energies into the study of law and music. Appointed a judge in a small Mexican town, he was unable to endure the abominable hardships he saw daily inflicted upon the working classes. He threw in his lot with the constitutionalists and became distinctly non grata to ‘the government. A leader and orator, Sefior de Lara has been in the thick of the fight in Mexico. He has been imprisoned, sentenced to death, outlawed, and even lived for a year in hiding among a primitive Indian tribe in the wilds of northern Mexico. His book was begun in jail. But Sefior de Lara is more than a mere hot- blood. He is a student, a man of refinement. and culture and a true patriot who has the highest hopes and ideals for the ultimate hhap- He is no armchair theorist about the ills of his unhappy country. He has seen it all, and his book voices for the first time the tragic outcry of the Mexican people. It isin truth not unlike the Piers Plowman appeal in England long ago. t BOOKS AND THE PARCEL POST Our offer to send any of our new or old books by parcel post to any reader anywhere has met with a large response among people remote from bookstores. We hope that our plan to deliver any book you care to see at your own fireside, to be read and studied at your leisure, will fill a real demand from intelligent people who love books. June, 1914 let Geant Di HN (MEA GAZ IN E 279 HIS GREENHOUSE was designed especially for its particular location. It is but a stone’s throw from the residence, from which it screens an undesirable neighboring building. In our catalog are shown a goodly collection of various houses adaptable for differing locations, and purposes. In it you may find just the one for you. If not, we will gladly submit a special design and give you an approximate estimate of its cost. If you haven’t one of our Two G’s Booklets, on Glass Gardens— A Peep Into Their Delights, let us suggest your sending for one. Write to our nearest office. SALES OFFICES: NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA 42nd Street Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Franklin Bank Bldg, CHICAGO ROCHESTER CLEVELAND Rookery Bldg. Granite Bldg. Swetland Bldg. TORONTO—12 Queen Street, East. FACTORIES: IRVINGTON, N. Y. DES PLAINES, ILL. WHEN MAKING JELLY The BALL Lightning 30 P ractical Garden P lans uN | niige or when in need of a strainer CELERY BLEACHER f A handsome 8 x 11, 116 page cloth-bound author- e for any purpose you should i ! ity on garden making. 103 half-tone illustra- have our “Favorite” Strainer Most perfect method ever DENS age ee eevee aes and Holder. A necessity in i , invented. No banking with imenting is slow and expensive.. Profit from every home. Rings and rod A. : soil. Cheaper than boards the experience of others. The right setting for plated to prevent tarnishing. or strips of roofing paper. aercsidence is ae important afm a 5 : q . is Ser. © = Cloth easily removed for ng es A Bleaches quicker and makes a Most effective treatments of landscapes, garden cleaning. Standard jointed so x! SF more beautiful product. Big furniture, etc. Send today. Money refunded that whole thing can be : af money and labor saver for the if not satisfactory. packed away in small space. market grower. Handy neat and EUGENE O. MURMANN Dimensions 193 x 93 x 93 in- : equally good for the private pusiees te toa ches. Comes carefully packed sa core erie Fi rae = 5 a : rite for freesample of Bleacher an ue poy $1 25. Ship ped pre : Circular describing a wonderful little de- paid on receipt of price. 1Vion- Ee vice that enables a boy to put on 5000 of ey refunded if not satisfactory. pe bleaching sabes a day. It means ollars to every celery grower. THE LESTER CO. om THE BALL MFG. CO. 6 East Antec: eae ; a Dept. E. GLENSIDE, Montgomery Co., Pa, The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 280 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NNW °° 79 7" ° °™ET 'e° ,F=QqQ—’"'’2)NHALLBDW~WwC SSS eH 20% on Hole Bulbs by ordering before July Ist Z Shipped direct to You in Growers’ Original Packages Early orders greatly facilitate the handling of our bulb orders. We therefore offer a discount of 20% on all those re- ceived before July rst. The bulbs will be shipped to our customers at the proper time for planting. The high quality of the bulbs that we have beenimporting will remain unchanged and will be obtained from the same re- liable growers who have supplied us for the past eighteen years. These bulbs are especially selected and exceedingly uniform in size so that you may obtain the best results either for forcing or out-door growing. Bills will be rendered when bulbs are ready for shipment. PEONIES You are invited to visit our Magnificent Display of Peonies Our famous collection of peonies will probably beat its height of bloom from June roth to zoth. Each year hundreds of our friends come tosee this grand exhibit of color. The marvelous showing of flowers—including many prize-winning varieties—is a sight not soon to be forgotten and offers an excellent opportunity toselect varieties for the individual taste. Our nursery is at Hawthorne, on the Harlem branch of the N. Y.C.R. R.— one hour from New York. Catalogue ready June rst. S. G. HARRIS Tarrytown, N. Y. mummers = OIE) Box A, Rosedale Nurseries Vda ae AS SGC °° °° F>°wwjjFxcCZ;r>»)w’0rnu0__ 00uh 6 'i°° F"}l?>°l'Wolwr'’:: ~$nnnnnhnhnhnnnbnnnbnnbnnnnb:nhnbnnbnh:nhnhnnnhhhhhhh ahahaha hhhahhiihah’hhhi’hhi hhh’ hhnhhiihhhddda&huh» di» hada ash ooo ooooooooooooooooosy Everyone D hl F r CE} interested in a las should send us today, a post card for our Descriptive Dahlia Catalogue, entitled,! ‘New Creations in Dahlias,” containing accurate descriptions and the plain truth about the best Dahlias that bloom. Beautifully illustrated— the leading American Dahlia catalogue. Peacock’s Quality, Dahlias that Bloom Planted in June will give you those fine large Exhibition Blooms you admire so much at the shows. No matter if you have some planted now, you will be delighted to have a few more that will surpass your neighbors. Plant in June for Exhibition Bloom we know it! After a trial you will know it! Your Pleasure is our Pleasure Just that you may know the rare beauty of our Dahlias, send us 10c. (stamps or coin) and receive postpaid by return mail, catalogue and a strong field grown root of our new Dahlia “Jack Rose’”—the world’s best crimson. DOROTHY PEACOCK. Larger, clearer pink, and finer in every way than Mrs. Gladstone, a strong, vigorous grower, early, free and contin- uous bloomer. The Dahlia without a fault. Mail postpaid 50c. each. Special trial offers. To demonstrate the superiority of our Dahlias we will send the following strong field roots each labeled absolutely true to name. 3 show 30c., 3 decorative 30c., 3 Cactus 40c., 3 Paeony Flowered 40c., 3 New Century 40c. The 5 sets Dorothy Peacock and Jack Rose, 17 superb Dablias, for $2.00, postpaid. List of these sets on application. Write today Peacock Dahlia Farms Berlin, New Jersey QAASSAAAAHHANAANAAAANADAD AAA NANA N NY N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NY N NY N N N N N N N N N N N N N NY NY NY N N N N N N N N N \ N N N N N N N N N N NY N N N NY N NY N N N N NY N N N N N N N N NY NY N NY NY N N N N N NY N N N N N NY N N N N N N N N N Ny N Ny Ny N N N NY N Ny N N Ny Ny N N N N N NY N N N NY N Ny N N N N N N N NY N N NY N N NY NY NY N Ny N N Ny N N N N N N NY N NY N N N NI > Ny Ny N N N NY NY S$ Ny Ny > > NI > > Ny > > N NY > > NI NY Ny Ny N Ny > Ny NY > NY N NY N Ny N > N N NY N N N N NY NY N NY Ny NY > > > > > > > > > > > > > > NY > N > N > > N NY Ny > > > N > > Ny Ny Ny > N N N N > N N Ny > Ny Ny Ny Ny > > Ny Ny > Ny N N N RHA AAAS SHS SAA SSS RN N AN INVITATION is extended to every lover of ROSES and REONIIs to visit my famous annual field exhibition of these favorite flowers in June. Peterson Roses and Peonies are world famous and a visit here during the flower- ing season affords an unequalled oppor- tunity to study and _ select varieties for future planting. Peonies bloom first, reaching their height, in a normal season, about June | Oth. Fair Lawn adjoins Paterson—1I6 miles from New York City. Detailed directions mailed on request. Come and enjoy the treat. GEORGE H. PETERSON Box 50 Fair Lawn, N. J. N N N N NY N N N NY NY N N N NY NY N NY N N N NY N N NY NY N N N N N N N NY NY N N NY NY NY NY N NY N N N N N N N NY N N NY N NY N N N N N NY NY N N N N N N NY N N N NY N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NY N NY NY N N NY N N N N N N N N NY N N N N » N NY N N NY N NY Ny N NY N NY N Ny AST winter was a hard one on old fashioned plants. Many a garden looks deserted. But somehow our old timey ones seem to winter well. Per- haps our stock is a bit sturdier than others—we have a notion it is. Sturdy climates produce sturdy plants; likewise men. A hardy garden that is not hardy makes one unhappy. It beliesitself. Grownas our plants are—up hereat North Abington in this strenuous New England climate, is a guarantee to you, that if any hardy plants will actually prove hardy—ours will. Do you want some of them? It’s not toolate to plant them— order what you need for replace- ments, or send for our catalogue and make your selections. The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel JUNE, 1914 SA . EOTRG e099. 2299; Keas?- ene" - 4 : ( ee, . ms: ERS EEC s BS es Dre PS: Cover ILLUSTRATION—THE HADLEY ROSE - = = = - - - PAGE Tut Monty’s REMINDER - - - - - - - - - - 283 Photographs by A. G. Eldredge and others | THE NEWER ROSES FROM A GARDEN VIEWPOINT - - 285 Maxine AND Marntaininc A HEepcGE - F. A. Waugh 287 Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves EFFICIENCY IN THE BACKYARD GARDEN, VI. A. Kruhm 289 Photograph by the author GARDENING AT No. 1869, Part I. - - Nina R. Allen 291 Photograph by the author ‘ THe Cutt oF THE Larkspur - - - Elizabeth Herrick 2093 Photographs by F. M. Good, N. R. Graves and others Maxkinc GARDEN WALKS THAT FIT THE PLACE - - Werner Boecklin 296 Photographs by the author, A. G. Eldredge, N. R. Graves and others F. N. DOUBLEDAY, PRESIDENT HERBERT S. HOUSTON, VICE-PRESIDENT SUBSCRIPTION: _ $1.50 a year Single copies, 15 cts. LEONARD BARRON, EpiTor COPYRIGHT, I9I4, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3,1879 William S. Kimball PAGE Own-Roor VERSUS BUDDED ROSES - - - - - - - 208 GARDENING FOR YOUNG FOLKS - Photograph by E. K. Thomas Ellen Eddy Shaw 300 RECENT PERNETIANA ROSES - - - - - - - - - 302 SOCIETY AND CiruB NEwWs - - - - - - - - - = 304 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT - - - - John VY. Beaty 308 A Busy Monte In THE SoutH - - Thomas J. Steed 310 WHEN Rose Bucs Eat GRAPE FLoweERS Harold Clarke 312 SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HoME TABLE- - - - - - - 314 S. A. EVERITT, TREASURER RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, SECRETARY For Foreign Postage add 65c. For Canada add 3sc. i) POSTS SET ine a SG@RGSRimms 11 VOTED AA ities > | A FENCE OF “QUALITY” | WE are equipped to furnish (in addition to our popular Woven Wire Fencing), a superior grade of WROUGHT IRON FENCING and Entrance Gates, for Lawns, Gardens and Estates, in any desired designs. JWFPISKE IRONWORKS ESTABLISHED (858 Entrance IN Manufacturers of Gates, Poultry CONCRETE ught Iron Railin Runs, Kennel the construc- hyectoat ro an g Yard Enclo- tion that can- : ; sures, Aviaries, not get out of & Wire Fencing Arbors, ‘Trelle alignment. “Ginko ises, etc. Rie BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products Spring Planting In our 300 Acres of highly cultivated Nursery Land we are growing Nursery Products for everybody and suitable for all parts of the country. We shall be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nursery and inspect the Quality of stock we grow, or submit their list of wants for Spring Planting. The Following Plants for Outdoor Planting, Interior and Exterior Decorations are Among Our Specialties ROSES. We have Rose plants in pots for immediate shipment. HARDY OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS, PEONIES AND IRIS. Several acres of our Nursery are exclusively devoted to their culture. HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quan- tity of California Privet, Berberis and other Hedge Plants. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. Many acres of our Nursery are planted with them. All are balled and burlapped and have a splendid root system. HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES. We grow them for every place and purpose- BEDDING PLANTS. We are growing a complete selection in large quantities. Sub- mit list for quotation. RHODODENDRONS, KALMIAS and Other Large Leaved Evergreens. Weare growing in large quantities. BOXWOOD. We grow thousands of plants in many shapesand sizes. BAYTREES, PALMS and other plants for conservatories, interior and extericr decora- tions. TRAINED, DWARF AND ORDINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS. We grow these for Fruit Gardens and Orchards. PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES, ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE, AND RESIIC WORK. Wemanufacture all shapes and sizes. OUR WONDERFUL NEW HYBRID GIANT FLOWERING MARSH- MALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this hardy new old-fashioned flower. It is perfectly hardy and will grow everywhere. OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 25, describes the above, mailed upon request. We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere With Our “World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products.” Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 282 THE GA R DE Ne MA GAZING Ee June, 1914 FROM NOW UNTIL July Ist | Not Later There is no more useful garden material than what are known as Dutch Bulbs, Hyacinths, ‘Tulips, Narcissi, Crocus, etc. They give for a small outlay of time and money an abundance of flowers in the house from December until April, and in the garden almost before the snow is off the ground in the spring until the middle of May. ‘These Bulbs are grown almost exclusively in Holland, and in enormous quantities, where they are sold at very low prices. Usually they pass through the hands of two dealers, and more than double in price before reaching the retail buyer in America. By ordering from us now instead of waiting until fall, you make a large saving in cost, get a su- perior quality of Bulbs not usually to be obtained at any price in this country, and have a much larger list of varieties to select from. Our orders are selected and packed in Holland, and are shipped to our customers immediately upon their arrival from Holland, perfectly fresh and in the best possible condition. If you wish to take advantage of our very low prices, we must have your order not later than July 1st, as we import bulbs to order only. They need not be paid for until after delivery, or taken if not of a satisfactory quality. (References required from new customers.) Our import price list, the most comprehensive cata- logue of Bulbs published, is now ready and may be had for the asking. We grow the largest stock of Hardy Perennial Plants in America, and will send Catalogue of these also if requested. A Few of the Prices: Per 100 Per 500 Fine Mixed Hyacinths Ss 0 eee plOvsO Fine Mixed Tulips . . & .70 3:25 Extra Fine Mixed Tulips . . . -90 4.25 Narcissus Poeticus BOO cet age .80 3.50 Double Daffodils i> ages eee 1.90 8.75 Narcissus Empress (Monster Bulbs) . 3.00 13.50 Narcissus Emperor (Monster Bulbs) . 3.00 13.50 Narcissus Golden Spur fie cae 2239 10.50 Spanish Iris, splendid mixture . . 209 2.00 ELLIOTT NURSERY 367 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh AS focnce Farland. Ca, The Readers’ Service gives information about insurance - ile | , e Garden Magazine A VoLuME XIX NuMBER 5 JUNE, 1914 (coe lls ET the watchword this month be constant culti- vation. After every rain cultivate the soil just as soon as it can be worked, so as to preserve as much moisture as pos- sible; then work the soil often to prevent evaporation, and you may not. have to resort to artificial watering. lings which can be transplanted to the coldframe now, or can be left where they are to flower the following season. Tall perennials look very un- sithtly when blown down by heavy winds; a few stakes driven into the ground, with strings run irem one stake to another wii! be found sufficient support. ieee MON FHS REMINDER COMPILED WITH SP£CIAL REFERENCE TO THE HOME GARDEN, FROM THE TEN YEARS’ DIARIES OF A PRACTICAL EXPERT GARDENER For reckoning dates, the latitude of New York City is generally taken as a standard. In applying the directions to other localities, allow six days’ difference for every hundred miles of latitude F THE weather is very dry it will not be necessary to cut the grass so often. Also in dry weather raise the blade of the lawn mower so that it does not cut quite’ so close. How about starting some mushrooms in the cellar? a good time to start gathering the droppings. This is caterpiller time. Do not let the pests get ahead of you. The best way always is to get them before they hatch. Cut off the end of the branch holding the BEPPING out of tender plants should be completed by this time. Do not neglect to stake the dahlias until they have sprawled all over the ground; it must be done, and the sooner the better. If the weather is dry do not neglect to water the sweet peas, and give enough water so that the soil is wet to the bottom of the trenches. Then apply a good mulch of lawn clippings or anything that is loose and porov:. This is The Flower Garden General Care nest and burn it, or if the nest is in the tree it can be burned without injuring the wood. > ROSES will be wonderfully improved by the q application of a good soaking of liquid manure. This will surely increase the size of stem and the quality of the bloom. ; Aion Try to use a little care in cutting your enaeears OSes: Remember that they are not like pansies which, the more you pick the more they are sure to grow. There must be enough wood left to “carry” the plants. Pinch off a rose here and there and let the wood remain for future flowering. Cut the dead flowering shoots from the roses just as soon as they are through flowering. (Mee down the achillea immediately it is through Sweet peas do not exactly like artificial watering, but they won’t grow at all during very dry weather unless they are artificially watered. Keep the blossoms picked clean. If you neglect this, a few flowers will form seed pods which will quickly stop the plants from flowering. A good plan is to cut every morning. If you want good iris they must be kept wel! watered too; that is, if they are not planted where plenty of moisture is available. After the iris has bloomed is the time to propagate by cutting off the growing tip of the rhizome and planting at once. HERE is still time to start a flower garden and have a good one. Second sowings of arctotis, asters, calliopsis, candytuft, clarkia, African daisy, larkspur, lupine, centaurea, Centaurea Americana, mignonette, Hand picking is the only remedy Go over the columbines when in for the rose bee- flower and tag any really good ones so a as to know which plants are the best when you want to shift or split them. Keep the Shasta daisies cut; a little liquid feeding will keep the plants in flower all season. Coreopsis must be kept cut close; don’t let any seed pods form or the plant will stop flow- ering. Like the Shasta daisy, a little liquid manure given occasionally will help this to flower continuously. Remove all dead flowers from the peonies; if they are planted in beds, the ground can be cov- ered with some very dwarf plant such as the pansy, myosotis, or California poppy. Foxgloves are biennials but reseed themselves; look under the plants and you will see myriads of young seed- Perennial Border flowering, so as to have a second crop later on. Irises and other peren- nials can be increased by cuttings late in the month 283 : 6 2 : Spraying nigella, pansy, salpiglossis, cosmos, and gypsophila, constant duty can be made now. this month for Other annuals that can be planted now, #owers and veg- and which will flower continuously, °° are calendula, celosia, California poppy, globe amar- anth, annual gaillardia, annual sunflower, straw flower, heliotrope, lavatera, marigold, nicotiana, nasturtium, petunia, phlox, poppy, scabiosa, verbena, and zinnia. Cultivation carried to the extreme is far preferable to artificial watering in the flower garden. Plants of this kind don’t do well when watered, and although it is necessary as a last resort, frequent cultivation will reduce it to the minimum. Flower Seeds to Sow KEEP right on sowing corn and under no circum- stances neglect to cultivate. Corn will thrive only in well worked soil. Keep the leeks hilled up as 284 THE GARDEN OA GAZI NS JUNE, 1914 they grow;and start watering now with liquid manure toget growth. COUPLE of sowings of beans should be made this month. Hill up the plants just as soon as they are large enough. Make a couple of sowings of beets and carrots during the month. Kale can be sown this month to provide greens for winter use; it is of little use until it is frosted. Once a week is none too often to sow lettuce, as the plants soon run to seed, and to sow in large patches is very wasteful. Lettuce should not be allowed to suffer from lack of water, and the slight shade from a strip of cheesecloth will be found very beneficial during hot weather. Radishes to be good must be young and tender. The only way you can have them so is to sow once a week in small patches. Winter radishes and rutabaga can now be sown. The latter when well grown (which means a fairly good soil and plenty of water) is probably one of our best winter vegetables. Vegetables to Sow WO sowings of cucumbers should be made this month; some of the fine grained English cucumbers can be grown in the frames. If you haven’t already set out an early patch of celery, do so at once. Late celery sown last month should now be pricked off into beds. If you haven’t sown late celery it can be done at once. Late cabbage and cauli- flower should now be ready for planting out from the seed beds. Do not neglect this until the plants become thin and spindly. There is still plenty of time to set out well developed plants ofeggplants and pepper. Better stop cutting aspara- gus early; a good plan is to stop when the peas come in- to bearing; also ease up on the rhubard bed now and give a goodheavy mulch of manure. Peas should be ready for use early this month. Pick the pods when the peas will cook a deep green and are juicy and tender If you wish to avoid eating sand with the spinach, cut the leaves instead of uproot- ing the whole plant. Do not neglect to keep lima and other pole beans properly tied up until such time as they are able to take care of themselves. Give the strawberry bed a mulch of clean, dry straw or like material, to keep the berries from getting sandy, Onions intended for ex- hibition or where size is desired should be fed freely with liquid manure, and plenty of nitrate of soda. Keep the tomatoes tied to the trellis and those that are wanted early can be kept well thinned, removing all the lateral growth. Vegetable Plants PRAY the fruit trees with arsenate of lead just as the blooms are falling. Remember to prune shrubs afler they have flowered to provide new wood for next season. This shows how the growth develops by August from pruning in June A couple of sprayings during the month with bordeaux mixture will surely produce better fruit. If you consider two sprayings too many, do it but once, but do not neglect it entirely. Spraying is one of the important duties in the vegetable garden. There are many diseases that may attack plants during this month, which are rather easy to prevent, but very hard to eradicate. Use a fine spray of bordeaux mixture on all plants liable to in- fection such as melons, cucumbers, squash, pumpkins, celery, tomatoes, etc. After the disease has a start, the only remedy is to spray with ammoniated copper solution and pick off and burn all diseased parts. For eating insects of all kinds use a poison. Arsenate of lead is often preferred to paris green, because it shows on the plants, and the gardener can see more easily how thorough the spraying is. It is also not so liable to burn the foliage. If you haven’t already done so, spray the elm trees with arsenate of lead immediately for the elm beetle. If not done early in the month there is not much use doing it at all till August. If you have elms and won’t spray them, there should be a law to compel you to do so. If the weather is excessively dry and aphis appears on the maple trees, spray at once with a good tobacco solution. Such a spray is a wonderful preventive. Look out for the rose bug. Pick off all you can and put them in a pail of kerosene oil. Spraying is of no use as a remedy against this bothersome pest; the rose bug must be hand- picked. Insects and Spraying O NOT neglect to cut the hedges. Remember that a hedge is improved only by cutting; once neglected, P particularly at Fuge, ang this season of the year when it is growing fast, it is a very hard matter to get hedges back into shape. The clipping of evergreens should be attended to now— boxwood, retinisporas, yews, etc., which are used in forma! gardens. If this clipping is neglected, the plants will soon get ragged looking and bare spots are the result of too late clipping. Go right on pruning the flowering shrubs immediately after they flower, only be sure that you don’t cut plants that will bear ornamental fruit, such as the bittersweet and strawberry shrub. Trees that were trans- planted last spring or fall, which are of any size, should be kept watered if the weather is at all dry; a little foliage spray night and morning will work wonders. If English ivy has been partly winter killed and the foliage is now unsightly, clip it off, using a pair of hedge shears. If you think this treatment too severe, brush off the dead leaves with a broom. In doing this, you are more liable to damage the vines than by clipping. Trimming, etc. of the new claimants to his attention. introducing the previous articles. Novelties Weighed in the Balance The Newer Roses from a Garden Viewpoint {Eprtors’ Note. — The purpose of this series of reviews was definitely explained in Briefly we may state again that the purpose is lo put before the reader critical appraisals (by an approved expert) of the novelties that are about to be offered to the public, or are of recent introduction — to give the reader a reasonable perspective No man living can predict, with absolute precision, the public’s ultimate decision on any new comer; but the opinion of expert florists and gardeners has some weight in assisting the opinion of those less expert. Hence these “reviews.” Remember also that conditions as well as treatment of soil, climate and locality have much to do with success, and nothing but an actual trial can prove how a given new plant can respond to your environment.| MONG the newer roses that are essentially garden varieties, we have an extensive assortment to draw from; so extensive, in fact, that it would be impossible to name all the good varieties. But the present pur- pose is rather to lay before the readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE those varieties that seem to merit further attention, varieties that have intrinsic qualities and that seem to be destined to fill a niche. HYBRID TEAS Robin Hood. It seems that Mr. E. G. Hill’s Robin Hood must have the place of honor. Not that it has any one pro- nounced quality, but from a standpoint of general outdoor usefulness. The color is a soft rosy scarlet in the early part of the season, improving as the season ad- vances, and deepening into a bright scarlet crimson. As to freedom and vigor, it is a most exceptional variety. A trial, cover- ing two seasons, records it as never with- out flowers from June until frost, and it takes a severe frost to discourage it. The growth is most robust and disease resist- ing; planted among badly mildewed Kil- larneys, it failed to develop a single weak- ness, resisting mildew, black spot, and rose rust at all times. During the strenuous mid-season, when roses are wont to de- velop a contrary streak, Robin Hood persists in sending up great heavy caned growths clear from the bottom, each terminating in a glorious, beautifully built flower. This rose scored 89 points in the American Rose Society’s test garden at Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn., last June, the highest score attained by any bedding variety. Hadley. (Shown in color on this month’s cover) is a remarkable introduction. Al- though offered largely as a greenhouse rose, it has all the characteristics of an excellent variety for the garden. Under greenhouse culture it has the habit of persistently throw- ing up tremendous growths, not only from the base, but at various points of its growth, during even the mid-winter season, when nature tends to keep growth in a semi- dormant state under the best of artificial conditions. The flower is unusually rich in fragrance; the color, a deep velvety crimson, is one that immediately attracts and holds attention. Its robust habit of growth will resist mildew and black spot under good cultural care and, as a pro- ducer, it proves decidedly free. In habit, it is the persistent “always at it” kind, showing no particular tendency to crop, and this habit will add greatly to its use- fulness as a garden rose. The varieties used in the development of Hadley are familiar ones — Richmond, Liberty, and General MacArthur. Apparently, it par- takes mostly of the last two varieties, having the color and fragrance of Liberty with the vigorous growth of MacArthur, although the free-flowering qualities were, to some extent, inherited from Richmond. Liberty and Richmond lack certain quali- ties to become real good garden roses in our climate, particularly that of vigor. This quality we find more pronounced in Hadley. This rose has the distinction of being the first of its type to be awarded a Gold Medal of the American Rose Society, receiving this honor at New York this spring. Killarney Brilliant. Here we have another promising aspirant, a_ glorified Killarney. Under greenhouse culture, it develops flowers of greater petalage and substance than its prototype, and, as its name would imply, is of a greater depth of color. In habit of growth and freedom it is similar to its parent. Nerissa. In a somewhat protracted trial, the variety Nerissa made an excellent impression. Its growth is light, almost deli- cate, but yet extremely vigorous and per- sistent. The flowers are of a creamy yellow shade, intermingled with white and peach tones that stand the hot sun well and are un- usually large in build, in proportion to the growth. This variety may be safely recom- mended as an exhibition variety. British Queen does not appear to ad- vantage in one season’s trial; but in truth, it is not altogether fair to judge any rose by its first season’s behavior. In the latter part of the season it opened a few very beautiful pure white flowers, re- minding one somewhat of the White Maman Cochet, although it is not so heavy in growth. When better established, British Queen may prove a desirable addi- tion to our gardens. George Dickson, a prominent British introduction of last season, comes to us classified as a Hybrid Tea, but under the conditions here it is essentially Hybrid Remontant in character; that is, it flowers in June and July, but lacks the later bloom- ing habit of the true Hybrid Tea rose. In color, however, it is a rich crimson, an improvement on the majority of varieties in this section. Madame Fdmond Rostand. In _ this introduction of Pernet-Ducher, we have a novelty not unlike Mrs. Aaron Ward in color —pale flesh, deeply shaded with salmon and orange yellow. The flowers are unusually large and particularly attrac- 285 tivein the bud stage, opening into handsome, globular flowers. The growth is strong and healthy in appearance. This variety may be more briefly described as an improved Prince de Bulgarie in color and habit of growth. Ophelia, another salmon shaded variety, has already proved an excellent garden acquisition and promises to make good as a forcing rose. In some respects it re- sembles Antoine Rivoire, being erect in habit of growth, very free in flowering, and of easy culture. Mrs. David Baillie somewhat similar to Richmond in color and in growth, but distinct in form, although fairly free flower- ing, did not appear to advantage in its first year’s trial. It may give better re- sults when established. Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, now well thought of as a forcing variety, does splendidly in the garden. Its brilliant light rose color stands out prominently among other pink roses, and its general habit is desirable in every way. This rose is going to be one of our good acquisitions in the garden. Old Gold, sent out by McGredy, will undoubtedly appeal to the connoisseur. The bud is al! that is dainty and beautiful, and as it remains in this condition for an unusual period, it will be particularly useful for decorative work. The flower, when open, is semi-double and exquisitely graceful, retaining its deep, golden bronzy color until the end, reminding one of a well formed Theresa of greater substance. The growth appears to be of greater vigor and better in habit. Leslie Holland, a deep scarlet crimson, of excellent staying qualities, is one of our very best Hybrid Tea roses. The color ‘is brilliant and always pleasing, never shading off to undesirable tones as we find the crimson roses often do. The flower is very fragrant and well built, of a handsome shell form. The growth is vigorous and of erect habit. Altogether, this is one of the few good red Hybrid Teas, and should be planted extensively. Edward Mawley, similar to the pre- ceding variety in a general way, in one season’s trial appeared to take on purplish hues when exposed to the full sun of mid- summer; but, nevertheless, it is a de- sirable variety. Another season’s trial will be necessary to establish its real merit in the garden. Mrs. Richard Draper, during its initial season, failed to establish itself thoroughly, lacking in vigor and freedom. Its color, however, a reddish satiny pink, develops 286 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 meee ne eee et Le ee ee attractively when cut in the bud and opened in a cool temperature, showing good keep- ing qualities. This variety has an excel- lent reputation in Great Britain, and may do better next season. Radiance. Among the comparatively recent additions to the garden Hybrid Teas that have been thoroughly tested and are of undoubted merit, we find a number of American bred varieties. Of these, perhaps Radiance is the most prominent. Grown more largely as a greenhouse var- iety, it soon proved an ideal rose, par- ticularly for spring, summer, and _ fall flowering. As a greenhouse rose, its color is a deep cerise pink, but in the garden it assumes lighter tones. In growth it is exceptionally vigorous, branching out con- tinually as the season advances, each growth carrying a large well developed flower. It is resistant to disease, and about as showy in autumn as in June. Lady Pirrie, one of the most desirable of the European roses, has proved one of the best in its shade. The color, a deep, reddish, coppery salmon, is still rather rare among hardy roses. The flower is beautifully built, not too double, and always carried on erect stems. The growth is vigorous and strong, even under adverse conditions, and it is especially good for cutting purposes. Jonkheer J. L. Mock. This giant pink from Holland is undoubtedly one of the strongest growing garden roses, and can be depended upon at all seasons of the year. The flowers are of immense size and heavy in fragrance; the color, a deep carmine, changes to a bright pink, showing a ming- ling of silvery rose in the reflex of the petals, quite like Farben Konigin, but an improvement in every respect. A NEw AMERICAN Defiance. Among the new roses that have not yet been offered to the public, there are some unusually promising kinds under trial. In its place of origin, Balti- more, where it has been occasionally ex- hibited by its originator, Edward Kress, there has been seen a rose that we under- stend will be given the name Defiance. This seedling is the result of a cross be- tween Etoile de France and Gruss an Teplitz, and illustrates how the unexpected will occur in rose breeding. I had the privilege of testing Defiance last season, and cannot restrain a due amount of enthusiasm in its description. The flower has the form and crimson shadings of the Hybrid Perpetual variety Abel Carriere, but has a great many more petals and is, undoubtedly, one of the finest and most continuous flowering of all the Hybrid Teas. It is not so vigorous as its parent, Gruss an Teplitz, being of a more branching, lateral character, but it never carries any of the blind wood that this parent does, al- though it has the same tendency to cluster in blossoming. Its color, on opening, is even deeper than that of its second parent, Etoile de France, and this variety is one of the deepest of the crimsons. Its fragrance carries the deep pungent odor of the old Damask roses, the flower holding its petals until the very end. Al- together, in this wonderful rose it looks as though we will have a novelty that is more floriferous than either of its parents, far more fragrant, and an improvement in color. HYBRID REMONTANTS In the Hybrid Remontant section, a variety may be more or less old in years, but still be comparatively new because of the lack of attention by rose breeders and planters as a whole to this class, yet we find a few additions worthy of note. George Arends. This is a bright pink seedling of Frau Karl Druschki, and is quite showy and free in flowering; the growth is more branching than that of its parent, and perhaps a little more free. It flowers well throughout the summer, and although the petals are, somewhat lacking in substance, the flower is quite attractive and desirable. Heinrich Munch, another soft pink seedling of Frau Karl Druschki, shows up well in its first season’s trial, the flower being large and full and the growth vigor- ous. Another season’s trial might in- clude it among the “worth while” roses. Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau, a bright vermilion red variety, is an excellent garden rose. Its habit is not unlike Ulrich Brunner, in fact, it is similar in many respects to this variety, but the flower is of sturdier build and seems to do better during mid-season. BABY RAMBLERS The Dwarf Polyantha, or. Baby Ram- bler type, has improved immensely within the last few years, and there are now wonderfully effective bedding varieties among the later introductions. Improve- ment seems to tend toward greater vigor and better characteristics of the growth, more texture in the flowers, and additional colors, so that the Baby Rambler of to-day has a far greater sphere of usefulness, either in the garden or for pot forcing under glass. Erna Teschendorf, a sport from the original Baby Rambler, is entirely dis- tinct from its parent, inasmuch as the flower is more double and of greater sub- stance. The color, a bright carmine, is several shades deeper and equally bright whether grown under glass or outside. This is one of the most desirable varieties in the whole section. Bordure, as a dwarf bedding rose, is a distinct acquisition. The growth is of a low, spready nature, well adapted to underplanting, and appears to be smothered with bright carmine flowers continually. A feature of this variety is its ability to resist the sun without fading —a very essential quality in the garden rose. Triomphe Orleanais is another greatly improved Baby Rambler. Compared with its parent, the flowers are perhaps a trifle larger and better in color — deep cherry red — and are produced in larger corymbs. The growth is more dense, yet perfect and the foliage more glossy and healthy in appearance. This is, indeed, a variety of the greatest merit. Mrs. Louise Welter or Baby Tausend- schon, is not altogether a new rose, but has too many fine qualities to be omitted. As its name suggests, it is a miniature Tausendschon with perhaps a touch of. brighter pink in the upper part of the petals. The tendency to vary in coloring is also less pronounced than in Tausend- schon. It flowers quite freely, the trusses branching more than the majority of this type, rendering it entirely distinct when planted among other Baby Ramblers. Baby Elegance, the new single variety, is a distinct novelty and something alto- gether different. The dainty little salmon flowers appear in the greatest profusion, opening quickly into beautifulclusters. This rose is, in every respect, a miniature of the beautiful Irish Elegance which would sug- gest it as a charming acquisition for decora- tive purposes. The blossoms, like all single roses, are apt to fade quickly and would require removing at frequent intervals. The flowers are produced so freely that there are always numberless buds ready to open, and at this stage the variety is at its best. Growing in the greenhouse this last winter, — it has been a marvel of continuity of bloom. Ellen Poulsen is one of the best pink varieties in this section. The flower is large and full for its type, and very frag- rant. It is several shades deeper than others of its color, being a dark, brilliant shade of pink. This will prove a most useful variety, as it can be forced easily. Being of excellent substance, it will be as useful for cutting as for garden decora- tion. Madam Jules Gouchalt, is the most superb addition to this section, however. It is a vivid vermilion red with a slight shading of orange. The flowers are produced on rigid, erect growths, terminating in pan- icles of thirty to fifty individual blos- soms, and are produced continuously. It is, undoubtedly, the finest Baby Ram- bler for either pot culture or for bedding purposes. Meadow Sweet, a semi-double salmon pink variety, is another most dainty addition to this section, in a much desired color. Its bright orange colored anthers stand out prominently and add much charm to the miniature blossoms. The individual flowers of this variety bring to mind a diminutive edition of the opening flower as found in that lovely variety, Mrs. Aaron Ward. Nore:—In addition to the foregomg a critique on the Pernetiana varieties will be found on page 302. These notes are writlen for THE GARDEN MAGazineE by a well known rosarian who has en- joyed unusual opportunities for observation and comparison and in whose judgment we place full confidence. He prefers that his name be not given to the public. Making and Maintaining a Hedge By F. A. Waugh, “sn ; THE PROPER HANDLING OF NEWLY SET OR OLD ESTAB- LISHED HEDGES— WHEN TO PRUNE AND TRIM — GOOD REASONS WHY WE OUGHT TO PLANT MORE HEDGES ACK of privacy is the national and constitutional defect in American home gardens. The place is all a “front yard” — to use the common vernacular —a phrase which in fact focuses attention squarely on the defect. We need less front yard and more real home life in our gardens. This in turn sig- nifies that we must use the back yards and side yards more; also that we must secure for them the seclusion which will enable an hon- est citizen after the day’s work is over, to retire to his home garden, pull off his coat and, in short, make himself perfectly at home. In old-fashioned, old-world gardens this domestic privacy was forcibly secured by building high wallsof brick or stone. Lichens and mosses and climbing vines soon softened their outlines and took away the possible feeling of the jail-yard. These walled gardens in fact became in the highest degree agreeable and attractive. Yet there are many cogent reasons why the stone wall is not suited to democratic America. It would be misunderstanding our people and our climate to recommend Amherst, Van Houttei’s spirea makes an excellent flowering hedge for ornament growing even in shade that particular means of privacy for Detroit, Mich., and Ponca, Okla. We can substitute the living hedge for the wall. It is ratner unfortunate, of course, that so many boys and girls should have known the osage orange as the hedge plant of their youthful days. It is hard for those folk, now making gardens of their own, to think of a hedge except as something sav- age. The hedge about the home grounds should be nothing of that sort, surely; but there are very few trees and shrubs which are not alto- gether better for this partic- ular use. Now the hedge which is to shut in the For flower effect in August the rose of Sharon (Alihza Syriacus) is unequalled, but it comes into leaf late in spring 287 back yard and the side yard and thus pro- vide a place for the privacy of daily domestic life may be either formal or informal. It may be of one straight row of trees precisely pruned to straight lines, or it may be of mixed trees and shrubs, irregular in outline, varied in texture and color, and presenting the appearance of a garden border. It will indeed be a genuine garden border, but it will be so thickly set and so continuous along the property lines, as to serve fully the purposes of any hedge. Again it may be formalon the outside, trimmed tostraight lines, and yet entirely irregular and informal on the inside of the same hedge border. To make an informal hedge it is simply necessary to plant a border of mixed species of hardy character and rather strong-grow- ing, upright habit. Some of the sorts which are particularly adapted to this service are Cornus candidissima, Forsythia viridissima, Deutzia scabra, the common lilac, Spirea intermedia, Rosa rugosa and any of the upright native hardy roses, the common privet, Amorpha fruticosa, Berberis cana- densis and vulgaris, Caragana arborescens, native hawthorns, native plums, Japanese quince, Diervilla florida and other kinds, Eleagnus angustifolia, Exochorda grandi- flora, Ilex verticillata,..Lonicera Morrowt and Tatarica, Physocar pus opulifolius, Ribes aureum, Rubus odoratus, Sambucus Cana- densis and pubens, several of the viburnums, and others. In other words there is a great wealth of first class material for this sort of thing. If a plain straight simple trimmed hedge is desired the list of practicable materials is fully as long. This seems to be a point of general misapprehension. People have adopted the idea that only a few species of plants, such as the privet and the arbor- vitae, are capable of hedge service, whereas the real fact is that aimost any hardy species will answer the purpose, and most of the common shrubs will do admirably. While 288 DTaE GA RD EINE AtGrArZaiaNeE JUNE, 1914 it is true, of course, that some varieties conform to strict pruning better than others there are hardly any of the strong upright growing species which will not fill the bill gracefully enough. Take the common snowball or guelder rose, for example, or its close relative the high-bush cranberry. Here we have a big, coarse, lusty, healthy, native shrub which comes as wide from the suggestion of a hedge as almost anything that could be named. Yet when planted in a row and methodically pruned it gives the very best satisfaction. The buckthorn is so good in this same capacity that it has been ex- tensively used in Europe and the Eastern States. Or con- sider further some of the lower growing maples, such as Acer ginnale, the Siberian maple. The very great value of this fact lies in the latitude which it allows to the home-maker. A species may easily be chosen suited to any soil, any climate, any exposure. Furthermore the gardener can please his or her own taste as to size, color and texture of the garden hedge. A big coarse-leaved plant like Viburnum tomentosum will make a very different appear- ance from a soft silky fine- foliage species like Caragana arborescens. It practically comes to this: that every vigorous, upright, shrubby species may be called into requisition in hedge making. Every one is good. Common preference runs strongly to ever- green species. There is some advantage in having a hedge which holds its own all the year; but as the garden is little used in winter when the leaves are off, the dis- advantage of the deciduous species is really less than it is usually computed. The native arborvitae, and, where it will suc- ceed, the native hemlock, are ideal hedge plants, to be sure. Other evergreen trees, such as the spruces and even the white White pine makes a dense strong hedge when sheared annually pine, will make very fine hedges, too, but they require more regular care. It is wonderful, though, what can be done with white pines, retinisporas and all other trees when the pruning is timely and intelligent. If there are any of the hardy evergreen trees, either native or exotic, which will not fall into line for good hedge material that fact remains to be discovered. Something depends on the adaptation of species to soils. ‘The amorpha, the cratae- gus, eleagnus and the shepherdia will thrive on the dry plains; the willows and the ar- borvitaes are better for low swampy lands. Then there is the planting to be con- In fairly moist situations Hovey’s arborvite is a satisfactory evergreen hedge sidered. A first requisite is to get strong, healthy, uniform (especially uniform) plants with good roots. Practically the only way to do this is to buy nursery-grown stock, or to grow the stuff in one’s own nur- sery. Bushes collected from the woods by unskilled hands are seldom very good for any purpose, least of all for hedge making. Stock which has been transplanted once or twice in the nursery is particularly desirable. Such plants should be rather closely headed in at planting time. They should thea be set in single or double rows. Dou- ble rows are especially useful in developing thick and sturdy hedges. Plants should be spaced from one foot to three feet, the wider spacing of course being for stronger growing trees which are to be developed into high hedges, say ten to twelve feet high. A good planting arrangement for the or- dinary garden hedge using such species as, for instance, the Tartarian honeysuckle, is to place two rows two feet apart, plants two feet apart in each row, and the rows “staggered”? —1. e., the plants alternating in the two rows. In planting privets and similar shrubs in single rows sixteen inches is the safe and commonly recom- mended measure. During the first year give the young plants thorough cultivation, just as would be given to potatoes, raspberries or any other garden crop. They may need some fertilizer, too; and it is well when winter shuts down at the end of this first summer’s growth, to mulch the hedge row with good rich heavy stable manure. In subsequent years plant food and cultivation should be generously given, re- membering that the hedge trees have the same appetites and needs as any trees in the fruit garden. Probably the most critical matter in hedge making is the pruning. On this dependsfinally and absolutely the success of any formal hedge. For the first summer no pruning will be required. The plants should spend that time in establishing new root systems. At the opening of the second sea- son, however, the campaign commences. If the young plants have made any reasonable growth they should be headed back very early in spring before the buds start; and if they have not made a satisfactory growth in the first year they ought to be headed back anyhow. In the latter case, however, summer pruning will be omitted for the second year also. Supposing the plants to have made a good start in the first summer and to have The alder buckthorn makes a quick growing strong hedge but not much used — oe JunE, 1914 been headed back the next spring, they are ready to enter on their life-long experi- ence of summer pruning. For summer pruning is the one central secret in the management of hedges, whether deciduous or evergreen. While there is room for the exercise of personal judgment, and while some species naturally do better with slight modifications of general rules in their favor, vet the main features of this sum- mer pruning practice are so definite and uniform as to be capable of clear and simple statements that anybody can follow. In short the practically universal pruning practice may be set forth thus: Two prunings each summer, with no win- ter or spring pruning, is the best method. There are exceptional cases where one pruning will do just as well as two, and other exceptional cases where three clip- pings will be better; but these are distinct exceptions. There area good many hedges, especially old ones, which can get along very decently on one annual summer prun- ing; and certainly one such treatment annually is better than the common prac- tice of one pruning every five years. Early in June is usually the best time for the first and most important pruning. This should fall just at the time when the hedge plants are completing their first vig- orous spring growth. There will be strong shoots, especially at the tops of the plants, averaging one foot to two feet in length, with hardening wood and firm side buds. These will be cut back from one-half to nine-tenths their length in this June prun- ing, though the cutting will be done mainly with an eye to smoothing the outlines of the hedge and getting a good uniform found- ation on which to build. During the second summer, and possibly during the third, it may be well, if the hedge is developing normally, to omit any other pruning. Even this first early June clip- ping may be made lighter than the usual prescription of one-half to nine-tenths -of the current growth — a prescription which is better suited to the management of a fully grown hedge where any further expansion of size is undesirable. As soon as the job is well under way, how- ever, and the hedge row begins to assume its prescribed form, this early clipping becomes a standing necessity, to be followed up every year without fail. Also there ought to be ieee aGrAgieD ch Ni» MOAG A Zl N 289 given a second and lighter clipping, usually about the middle of July. This is expected to follow after the growth of the year has been fully completed and the wood has begun to ripen. It will help out by reduc- ing the severity of the June pruning of the following year, and it will also help to keep the hedge smooth and tidy. It will be no disadvantage, physiologically, to a vigorous deciduous hedge, to be lightly clipped three or four times each summer at intervals of three weeks or so. Such treatment helps to make a clean compact wall and to keep it in the pink of good looks. Most folks, however, find this clipping work too strenuous to be indulged in without urgent reason. The commonest defects in hedges are ragged irregular growth and thinning out at the bottom. The first is caused by poor plants, poorly adapted to soil and situation and insufficiently fed and cultivated. The second is brought about by delayed, im- proper and infrequent pruning. ‘The early, frequent and strictly annual pruning recom- mended in this article must be chiefly de- pended on to prevent this last and com- monest and worst defect. Efficiency in the Backyard Garden, VI.— By A. Kruhm,o. THE JUNE PLANTED VEGETABLE GARDEN— OVERCOMING THE WATERING PROBLEM T IS never too late to start a garden. Let this great truth, sink into your mind for all time. Three principal reasons prevent people from making a start at anything in general and gardening in particular. First. Delay at the critical time, and the subsequent thought “‘it is too late.” Second. Hesitation caused by the thought “I don’t know enough about it to see it through to a successful finish.” Third. Disbelief that a late start can be a successful one. Planning a June garden is, in many re- spects like planning the “toy garden,” discussed in the March issue. It revolves largely around the elimination of the impractical and giving a maximum chance to varie- promising sure returns in time to reward your efforts. The biggest factor in your favor at this time of the year is nature’s glorious mood and condition to respond quickly to treatment humoring her activity. The soil is in fine shape, contains — sufficient moisture for quick germina- tion and the question of cool nights is a matter of the past. If there is one ideal month during which a complete gar- den may be made in one day, it is the month of June. \ ties and classes of vegetables | (Gotten Bantam Sweet Corn E. Another advantage of the June planted garden is its sureness to produce crisp, fresh vegetables at a time when your neighbor, who started early, will have to work quite as hard as you, to keep up his supply. Crops from his first plantings will be exhausted when your June planted gar- den comes into bearing. Let us then plan the practical June gar- den for quality vegetables. Looking facts squarely in the face, we find that there are on an average 115 days of growing weather between June first and the day that the first heavy frost is recorded in the latitude of New York. Of these 115 days, more than half are too hot to produce “cool season”’ crops in satisfactory fashion, while during the last 30 days, the nights are too cool to do much good for “long season” crops of late planting. Therefore: “Cool season”’ crops, which should not be considered at the start, when planning the June Garden, are loose leaf lettuce, early radishes, onion sets, mustard, peas and spinach and taking for granted that it will require at least a week before you get through planting a garden of average size, 30 x 50 ft., it would be a waste of time, en- ergy and seed to plant late bush beans, late corn, pole beans, in fact any kind of vegetable requiring more than 100 days from time of sowing seed to reach maturity. In the case of the June planted vegetable gardens, it will be well to disregard my ; Ret previous suggestion that you try to do all the work yourself. A Short Season Section Now by all means, get some one to dig your garden, even if it costs you $5 to have it done. I will show you how this investment can be made to bear handsome dividends by fall. The comparatively few vegetables which you should not attempt to grow on account of a late start sink 20° a 2 How to plant a successful vegetable garden in June Long Season Sectton ~ B into insignificance, when you compare them with the fol- lowing list that you can grow with a full assurance of suc- Sass = 290 THE GARDEN, MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 EARLY BUSH BEANS BEETS CABBAGES EARLY CORN CUCUMBERS CELERY ENDIVE SWISS CHARD KALE LETTUCE RADISHES SPINACH TOMATOES TURNIPS PEPPERS EGGPLANTS Let us analyze this list. Of tomatoes, cabbages, egg plants and peppers, secure the sturdiest plants money can buy. Look at the roots rather than at the tops. Many seedsmen are in a position, during June, to supply tomato plants in little paper pots at as low a price as 50 cents per dozen. I would rather have one dozen of such plants than two dozen field-grown plants at 25 cents per dozen. The same applies to all the other vegetables which start life in your garden as ready plants. Always make sure that their root system is good and you won’t experience any trouble catching up with the season. It is very seldom that I consider it ad- visable to apply hurry methods to garden work. Still, under the circumstances, I feel justified in submitting a schedule and plan, which is bound to work out satisfac- torily if your heart is with your work. Asa basis for our calculations, let us sup- pose that this issue of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE reaches you on June third. Get a man at once, if necessary at a premium, and have him dig, on that very day, at the north side of your garden a strip about ten feet wide. Secure tomato plants at once and, on June 4 you should be able to set out four dozen tomato plants 2 feet space between the plants and 23 feet between the rows. Plant also a few rows of beans and beets and call the day’s work done. If your local seedsman cannot supply the sorts mentioned, select any of the early sorts of beans and beets mentioned in the complete table printed with last month’s GARDEN MacazineE. But for the rest of the vegetables, insist on sorts named on plan as they are the best for the season at which they will mature. While you are planting the north side of your garden, shift your man to the south side. Let him start dig- ging at the fence again and working clear across the garden toward you. On the evening of the fifth, enough ground should be dug to plant Swiss chard, endive, carrot and several rows of Golden Bantam corn. Next, finish digging and planting section B, finally winding up the work in section A on June 7th. A study of the plan will make reasons for my suggestion obvious. In the first place, beans, beets and tomatoes are easily the most popular of the “‘long-season”’ ‘crops, hence my desire to get them started quickly. By arranging the garden as indi- cated, section A will be the space for suc- cessive crops, while section B may be termed the “long-season” garden. All the vege- tables in section B will require the rest of the growing season to mature their crops. On the other hand, section A is a ready field for practicing intensive cultivation. On August roth, the four rows of beans may be sown to turnips. Long before that, the rows now devoted to radishes should be sown to beans for a succession of crops, while the two rows of lettuce should be utilized for late sowings of beets, as soon as the quality of the lettuce begins to get poor. Golden Bantam corn will make room for spinach by end of August and don’t forget that all through June, radishes and lettuce can be grown between the rows of “long- season”’ vegetables in section B. Of course, celery plantsmay be planted for a succession instead of beans; cucumbers will mature as well as corn, from seeds planted in June. But the whole garden plan is, of necessity, subject to adjustment to the personal likes and dislikes of the gardener. So much for the practical working out of the plan. One point I like to emphasize in connection with all seed sowing opera-. tions during June and July is; sow your seeds somewhat deeper than you would during the early spring, when the soil abounds with moisture. Make it also a point to press the soil in firm contact with the seeds, es- pecially in the case of beets and swiss chard. While, as a rule,I am not an advo- cate of using a hose, I will concede that a thorough watering with a fine spray im- mediately after planting will prove a great boost to the June garden. But let me warn you not to make it a practice, and especially do not throw any water on the tomato plants after they begin blooming. It is always safer to depend on thorough cultivation than on watering. A dust mulch will do the garden more good during dry weather than constant sprinkling. After the tomatoes, peppers, etc., have made such a growth that cultivation between the plants becomes difficult, mulch the whole section with coarse manure, lawn clippings, leaves or any handy litter. It is taken for granted that the tomatoes are staked and pruned. How the June planted vegetable garden will look in August. A June planted garden has a value all its own then, when the earlier gardens will be running out — TY OE aE SOO NE yaa Paty that any one can have a garden anywhere if he wants one badly enough to make the attempt and to persist in spite of obstacles. I speak feelingly after my experience at No. 1869, which, as you may have guessed, is the number of the house attached to our Cleveland backyard. And such a backyard! The minute I locked at it, my heart sank. I had a pro- phetic glimpse of what was in store for me if I tried to grow flowers in that abomination of desolation. But as I cannot be happy without blossoms of some sort, there was nothing to do but to make a test. Why we came here and why we have [ IS my private opinion stayed so long is another story. But before I begin, I beg to state that, though I may appear to present an improb- able picture of the fancy, this is the plain unvarnished tale of our difficulties. Women have been known to stretch things a little sometimes, I admit; but this is not an example of feminine exaggeration. Fur- thermore, if my narrative bristles with I’s, it is, I trust, not due to abnormal egotism but because this account is so purely per- sonal. We rented the house late in the winter. My strongest impression of the yard came to me through my nostrils early in the fol- lowing spring. When one stepped into this enclosure, it was as if one had descended into a damp, evil-smelling cellar into which light and air seldom if. ever penetrate. That peculiar musty smell seemed incredi- ble in a portion of the out-of-doors, but that it was no chimera of the imagination was proved by its continuous presence, made more noticeable by a rainfall. Later, we learned that this was filled-in soil. What the filling was, I can’t say. Judging by after acquaintance, I should think it may have been cement that had seen its best days in some basement, broken brick, or some material equally plastic. We were also informed that our garden spot had been originally a part of a swale, and there was a well authenticated story of a brook that used to meander across the premises in the rear. The top soil was so hard that it seemed nearly impervious torain. ‘The first year’s digging produced little effect. The water would run off the beds almost like quick- silver. After a shower, it stood in pools everywhere, later followed by a crop of mosquitoes and moss. In the yard which we had had before coming here, the flowers after a rain seemed to grow by jumps and bounds; in this place, to our surprise, they stood looking dazed, as if they didn’t know what had struck them. The present subsoil is a coarse yellow Being the Veracious Account of a Successfil the Owner and a Recalcitrant Back Yaro, by - Garderung at Ya 1869 PART I. Nina k, Allen sand, harmless enough in appearance, and yet, somewhere below, the organisms that make a swamp dangerous are still carrying on their unholy work. Fever lurks in the depths, with aching bones and a dragging step for the daring gardener who would snatch a few flowers from this plague spot of malaria in the centre of a big city. TREE TROUBLES In addition to the lowness of the ground, a reason for the dampness of this site was found in the presence of too many trees. The yard back of the house is only about seventy-five feet deep and forty wide, and yet in this restricted space, there were five trees: a moribund plum tree; a “‘tree of heaven,” or some other place —I have doubts as to the locality — the self-sown offspring of a well meaning but too prolific ailanthus that has peppered the neighbor- hood with its progeny; an immense apple tree of beautiful form and densest foliage, never producing a blossom, but a mass of leaves infested with the tiny green insects politely called aphides; and two large horse chestnuts close to the house, effec- tively sifting the little light that might have straggled into the gloomy kitchen. It was here that I learned the true mean- ing of Virgil’s expression, “the horrid shade,” which had puzzled me during my school days. A tree is undouktedly one of the most beautiful things in all nature. Few objects give the observer so great a sense of rest and pleasure as a fine tree, both for its soft- ness of color and its beauty of shape. And he who wantonly injures or destroys one is a barbarian. He is in the same class with the person who mistreats a dog. But personally, though I am fond of trees, I prefer no large ones in a back yard of ordinary size. [I like them at a distance, in some one else’s yard, for instance, and then not too near my fences. They drain the soil of its natural nourishment, leaving nothing for the garden, and they greedily seize the delicacies one has provided for the flowers; they kill the grass; they cut off the sunshine so necessary to almost all annuals and to many lovely perennials; they darken the house, perhaps like ours already dismal because the foolish woman who planned it has put in many of its windows on the bias, as it were, making it damp and unsanitary. The truth is that when trees are planted by the average householder they are too often stuck in without rhyme nor reason. They are set out simply because it is sup- posed to be the right*thing to do, and they are effective only as a menace to health. This was especially true of our horse 291 Battle between chestnuts. They had not even the compensating merit of continuous beauty. Early in the season, they were in- ry teresting, as their big leaf st. Wi buds unfolded and their odd blossoms appeared, and for a while, their foliage was not unpleasing. A little later, especially during a hot, dry summer, the leaves took on a scorched appearance as if a torch had been passed over them. “‘ The Home of the Tussock Moth,” it sounds like a piano advertisement — but this was what we came to call the horse chestnuts, and with good reason; for we seldom went into the yard but that one or more of the delight- ful little caterpillars that look so much like small scrubbing brushes came down from the branches to wander across our necks, leaving a blister as a souvenir of the visit. The horse chestnuts were otherwise grievously afflicted. Besides being addic- ted to caterpillars, they had San José scale. The City Forester pronounced it a bad case, and did not regard the trees as worth removing, even as a gift. We finally per- suaded the landlord that the only cure for San José scale, when severe, is an operation, and that it must be as radical as guillotin- ing. And it was successful, like some other operations about which we have heard. If you think that I did not deplore the passing of these trees, you are mistaken. I seemed to feel in my own frame the first blow that gashed their trunks; but I did not weaken outwardly; and I have never regretted my firmness. The removal of the superfluous trees with the consequent admission of sunshine, aided by the culti- vation of the soil, has done much for the yard, although it never will be a healthful place, I fear, unless underdrained by tiles, with the adjoining lots similarly treated. As for the other trees, the nearly dead plum tree was urged to “get on with the deeing,” like the Scotchman in the story; the old apple tree was thinned out, and after one half of the remainder had been blown down in a severe wind storm, it actually said “‘ Thank you,” with fair apples for a ple, a pudding, and some sauce; the young tree of heaven stood in one of the few available spots for flowers. We were told by a florist that these trees poison the soil, and I am inclined to think that he is right, having observed repeated failure in a garden where they have been allowed to remain. But whether his belief is well founded or not, they certainly rob the soil with their far-reaching roots. Be- sides this, here the ailanthus also cut off the sunshine from borders that would otherwise have had a sufficient supply. It was therefore condemned to join the horse chestnuts, and the root, which lives for a long while after the trunk has been 292 TH EG AJR oD EN MeATG AgZaIe Nar JUNE, 1914 laid low, was patiently extracted in sec- tions. If this tree had been elsewhere, it would have been spared by our woodman. I like the oriental effect of its long pinnate leaves, and though malodorous, when planted near a house, it has the virtue of keeping away flies. It branches high up so that it does not darken the lower rooms to any great extent; and it is almost insect proof. I wish it were not so prolific. Its presence anywhere around means a numer- ous progeny of young ailanthuses which are extremely hard to pull up except in early infancy. As if we hadn’t enough trouble with the trees in our own yard, there are a number of the neighbors’ that increased our woes. Next door, beyond our southern boun- dary fence, stands a huge plane tree, a slatternly creature that has the unpleasant habit of shedding its skin like a snake now and then, and dropping the peelings on us, to say nothing of tossing over unnumbered balls of seeds that generally fail to sprout, thank goodness, in the shade on our ada- mantine soil. This tree, moreover, during summer and autumn shuts out a large amount of sunshine. However, the plane is hardly worth mentioning when compared with the mul- berry in the yard on the other side. ‘‘ Mine Enemy.”’ And always with capitals. That is how I thought of it after even a season’s acquaintance. And I fear that if a chunk of meat with a little something wrapped up in it would have been effective, at times I would have been terribly tempted to throw it over the fence to that tree. It is pleasing to the sight, like some other smiling villains, beautiful not only in June when its charms of form and symmetry are half concealed by its leafy draperies of dark green, but also equally lovely when its bare black branches and delicate tracery of twig and stem are silhouetted against the rosy lavender of a sky that reflects the soft fires of a November sunset. How in- tensely I could admire it fifty feet farther north! Close to our fence, and the one having the southern exposure so necessary for many of the flowers, woe is me, its greedy roots come [Ruy into our yard and snatch the | food that belongs to my plants. The boundary here is a high board fence, weather beaten and tottering to its fall. In my ignorance, when I first came, observing only the sun- niness of the place, I thought to hide its ugliness with climb- ing nasturtiums. Sown there, many failed to sprout; so I sowed again, also with indif- ferent success. But the seed- lings that appeared, plain, patient things as they are, found the struggle too hard though they made a gallant fight. The end of the season found them tall, gaunt crea- tures that seemed wasting away with some lingering plant disease. Then we tried hollyhocks. They are so stanch and sturdy, these big robust folks, I reasoned, that they can hold their own even against the mulberry tree. Sturdy they were elsewhere in the yard, but here their history was that of the nasturtiums. Though I rushed reinforcements to them in the shape of sheep fertilizer, most of them came forth from the fray badly crip- pled, like their predecessors, although one plant at the end of the row, out of reach of the robber roots, sent up stately spires ten feet high. We seemed at our wits’ end. A search through gardening books disclosed such advice as this: Line a trench on the side next the trees with boards to a depth of three or four feet. Or, dig a trench and fill it with coal-ashes. These oracular utterances might have proved valuable if given a trial, so far as the exclusion of tree roots is concerned, although lumber is now really too expensive to bury in some one else’s yard. But this was only a part of our problem. We wished at the same time to hide our ugly fence. Unmixed coal ashes are not just what I would choose for the foundation of a flower border. ; In a bed along the fence that bounds our premises on the east, I had planted hardy sunflowers as a background for the lower growing perennials in front. The former were of the sort that has running root- stocks, stealthily creeping out and throwing up shoots here and there among their super- iors. At the end of a season, I found my columbines and sweet Williams dying, and investigation revealed the fact that they had been completely undermined by the encroachments of the sunflower plants. Here I will pause with the advice: Un- less you want to give your days and nights to hardy sunflowers (instead of to the study of Addison), don’t plant this kind ina mixed border. Use the varieties having a fibrous root, such as meteor, multiflorus maximus, orgyalis, and maximiliana. All the plants in this bed had to be Even an ugly board fence can be redeemed by planting petunias and other hardy flowers along the base removed so that I could extract the roots of the sunflowers, and as these are extremely brittle and as each piece broken off, though only an inch long, means a new plant, the task was one to test the patience of a saint. Each extraction means a long, gentle pull of exactly the right degree if a fracture is to be avoided. When the deed was done, I felt as if I had scotched a snake. Yet the blossoms of the variety we had used are attractive. It seemed wrong to destroy the plants. I had a bright idea. Why not let them fight it out with the mulberry tree? They richly deserved a Nemesis. Nevertheless, let them survive if they proved their fit- ness. They were forthwith set out along the fence, and for the first time since its erection that eyesore was to some degree hidden. But lest we should be in the plight of our British forefathers when they invoked the aid of the truculent Hengist to dispel the Scots and the Picts, we took the precau- tion to leave a path as a barrier between the sunflowers and the border in front of them. Personally I would prefer a trench filled with concrete. Tulips and daffodils for spring blooming, with German irises in clumps, and groups of Nicotiana alata and zinnias, or of marigolds and ageratum, and an edging of California poppies, for later blossoms, proved more successful here than any other plants unless the soil was continually enriched. That is one count against the mulberry tree. Here is the second: Its branches extend over the fence, and for at least six weeks we are pelted with its insipid purple fruit which ripens in relays. The berries drop on our porch and on our stone walk, every- where leaving a stain. They fall on the grass and on the ground among the flowers, sour and mold, giving forth an odor that rivals the cellar-like smell which we van- quished. They call swarms of flies, not only of the sort we are urged to swat, but avariety peculiar to gardens—giddy creatures, tricked out in finery of bronze and brass and me- tallic green, that proceed to do things to the leaves of our perennials and annuals. A little later, something like et a million of little green plants | spring up in this part of the yard. Amillion, didI say? I will try to be conservative. Perhaps it is only a hundred thousand small mulberry trees that we pull up like so many weeds. We begin to hope that our troubles are at an end when we observe a tent-like struc- ture in the branches above and before long a shower of cater- pillars is thrown upon us as from a catapult. This is the final shot, I am glad to say, and the mulberry tree now having done its worst, subsides into a state of innocu- ous desuetude till next year: (Part II. in the July number) The Cult of the Larkspur By Elizabeth Herric THE ATTRACTIONS OF THIS MOST POPULAR OF ALL FLOWERS OF JUNE — SOME ACCOUNT OF THE IMPROVED VAR- A IETIES AND HOW THEY FIT INTO OUR GARDEN ECONOMY 4 N THE first place I frankly confess myself to have been a worshipper since, eight years ago, before my garden came into being, from the unease of an invalid’s couch I could catch a glimpse above a background of ' shrubbery of tall blue : spires wonderfully hued Massa- chusetts BLUE i ee Pew Garden designers long ago learned the striking effect of the tall growing perennial larkspurs planted in masses with shrubbery or in the herbaceous border as the summer sky. It was the old-fashioned small-flowered delphinium — a single speci- men ina neighbor’s garden, but to my then uneducated eye it had the rarity of the choicest of its family. I came, saw, and the larkspur conquered and has been conquer- ing ever since, so that the burning question of my garden now is not how many of these bright celestials I, Greek at heart, could divide my worship among, but how many more of them my too terrestrial Olympus will accommodate. If my garden may be said to run red in late May, when the mass plantings of Oriental poppies burst into scarlet splendor against the shrubbery, or pink with phloxes in August, in June it is hidden under a blue haze of enchantment. Contrary to popular belief, there is no scarcity among hardy plants of good gar- den blues — but preéminent over all is the delphinium, answering, as it does, the four- fold demand of the summer garden for cool and restful color, background, permanence and continuity of bloom. It should be, therefore, the first candidate for admission into the “‘must have” class of the hardy garden. The landscape architect has long recognized its value and made effective use of it in the herbaceous border and the foreground of shrubberies. It is adapted to all sorts of combinations, but should not be bedded by itself unless the grounds are large enough to permit of mass planting of later blooming perennials near by to detract the eye from the shabbiness of the delphinium bed when the plants have been cut back after flowering. If, however, the delphinium bed will be had, whatever its environment, alternate planting with some intermediate bloomer, such as phlox, is recommended. ‘The tall white phlox, Mrs. Jenkyns, is desirable for this purpose, or the larger flowered, medium tall, Von Lassburg. Of the two I prefer for the combination Mrs. Jenkyns, as, with me, the habit is better and the foliage somewhat less susceptible to attacks of that inveterate foe of phloxes, the red spider. The delphiniums will bloom twice and, given good care, thrice during the season, in June, early September, and mid October. After their first bloom is over the plants should be cut to the ground, given a dress- ing of bone meal and thoroughly watered. The same treatment should be repeated after the second crop of flowers. Phloxes also bloom twice, very obligingly between the delphiniums’ periods of bloom, so that the suggested interplanting is entirely satisfactory. It is, I suppose, a garden heresy to hint, in these days of color worship, that the varying shades of delphiniums, which run the gamut of all known blues from deep reddish purple and indigo to a porcelain tint so delicate as scarcely to be distinguish- able from white, that each color need not 293 be grown separately, if one would have a beautiful picture. However, it is an in- controvertible fact that blue is almost the only garden color whose gradations of shade are invariably harmonious each with the others. In a single bloom of one of the most beautiful larkspurs in my garden I have counted five distinct shades of blue. It is unreasonable to assert that shades com- bined so exquisitely for the eye in the small compass of a single blossom, must jar when associated ona larger scale. My formosum larkspurs, because of their distinct habit of growth, unfortunately rather straggling, have been grouped, but their magnificent lue, while in itself more beautiful, to my thinking, than any other blue in the horti- cultural kingdom, produces, en masse, an effect no more artistic than that of the varied shades of the stately English hy- brids, named but not isolated each with its own in lofty exclusiveness in separate sections of the garden. In this latte: planting I have reddish-violet, purple, in- digo, Oxford, azure, and porcelain blue, rosy-blue, gentian blue, an exquisite com- bination of pink, pale blue, and white in a double variety, blackish-blue, etc., etc., yet not a jarring note. I sometimes find it necessary to call visitors’ attention to such varieties as have been planted separ- ately, for these are frequently overlooked in the pleasure given by the wonderful shimmering iridescence of what, to borrow 294 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 Annual larkspurs in blue, pink and white are easily grown and are good for cutting a catalogue phrase, one may best call “shades of blue.” It has often seemed to me that, of all flower-collectors, the happiest and richest must be the collector of delphiniums. From all over the world they have come to our gardens, from Siberia, Formosa, Kashmir, the Caucasus, China, California, and the Rocky Mountains, hybrids from Germany, France, and England — varying in shade and foliage and habit, but alike in the curiously shaped spurred flowers and wonderful coloring of what shade soever. And nearly all bear the hall-mark of state- liness, and a stateliness blended, as in no other tall plant of my acquaintance, with a certain airy grace. There is nothing stiff about a larkspur; though the flower- set, columnar spikes may be head high or higher than the head, the florets, lightly poised as a lark’s wing, appear to float on air, so nearly invisible are the slender pale green stems connecting them with the stalk. In the collector’s garden would be found, not alone the most distinct and beautiful of the commercial hybrids that grace the average hardy garden, but species and variations of species unknown to the amateur, yet possessed of great beauty and interest. One of these foreigners that may, with proper encouragement, be reconciled to an American home is Delphinium Cashmerian- um, a species not more than two feet high, the broad sepals of a distinct light blue, the upper petals so dark as to look from a little distance almost black. The palmate foliage is a rich deep green, slightly hairy. A mountaineer, this plant should be given a cool location and well drained soil. This and the fine foliaged Chinense, are good for foreground planting. A delphinium catalogued as Compact Blue apparently belongs to the Chinese type, which it resembles in foliage and habit. It is an abundant bloomer and good for massing where a comparatively low-growing plant is desired. A curious delphinium is that known as the hairy-fruited larkspur, D. dasycarpum, said to be a beautiful blue with rather large petals and hairy leaves. A native of the Caucasus, it attains a height of four to six feet and is considered a most inter- esting variety. Another from the Cau- casus, recently introduced, is the beautiful sky-blue, D. Caucasicum, seeds of which can now be obtained. A rare species from Thibet, which, how- ever, the amateur may grow from seed, is Brown’s larkspur, an exceedingly dwarf but very handsome perennial. It is never more than a foot high and sometimes does not ex- ceed six inches, but its large light blue flow- ers shade beautifully to a purple margin, the centre being black. This species differs from other larkspurs in having a strong musky odor, but it will never be grown for its odor alone. Delphinium grandiflorum or Siberian larkspur (of which Chinense is a varia- tion) comes to us from Siberia and is remarkable chiefly for producing, in some of its forms, the only pure white flowers known in the larkspur family prior to the introduction of the new English and Ger- man hybrids. An almost white variety of hybridum called ochroleucum, was discovered in Armenia as long ago as 1823, the name indicating clearly its actual color, between yellow and white. Its height is about three feet. A biennial species, Requien’s, is note- worthy, not so much for color or beauty, as for its phenomenal habit, the lower part of the plant being smooth stalked and leaved while the upper part is covered thickly with long spreading hairs. The rich blues of the delphinium are so inseparably associated in the minds of most of us with the plant itself that it may come as a surprise to some that there are scarlet, yellow, and even brown varie- ties, though by no means so desirable as the blue. The best scarlet is undoubtedly D. cardinale, a native of California. It grows from three to four feet high and is an exceedingly handsome plant, but needs a very deep, rich soil for the proper nourish- ment of its long and fleshy roots. Another scarlet, very dwarf and very curious, is D. nudicaule, also a Californian and a perennial (under happy conditions). I have not succeeded in carrying it through a third winter, so that I incline to the opinion that, in New England, at least, it is biennial. In habit D. nudicaule is a little tufted plant only a few inches high, throwing loose racemes well above the foliage. The blossom resembles that of Aquilegia Canadensis more than a larkspur flower. It has a very elongated scarlet ‘spur, with short petals of reddish yellow. Among my plants, obtained from seed, There is a host of named varieties of the hybrid lark- spur covering the who'e range of shades from white through azure to true deep blue, many with metallic sheen JuNE, 1914 was one with pure yellow flowers, unique and very pretty. A yellow variety frequently catalogued and sometimes recommended is D. Zalil, variously described as pure sulphur yellow, creamy yellow and yellowish white. I strongly suspect the last to be the true description, but I cannot speak from experience, as my plants died without blooming. I can, however, bear witness to its habit, which is very poor. The stems are weak and the whole plant straggles. Perhaps the most interesting of all the larkspurs, in point of color, is Delphinium trieste. Nearly everyone has heard of the “mourning iris,” with its funereal mark- ings, but few, even of larkspur enthusiasts, know the ‘“‘sad larkspur.” The flower is dark brown slightly lightening to red at the edge of the petals, with a brownish violet spur. The sad larkspur is a native of a cold climate, Siberia, and should do well in our northern states. . Of the garden hybrid varieties the one known as D. speciosum glabratum, a fine dark blue, has the delightful gift of frag- rance. For this reason, as well as for its handsome flowers, it should be grown more extensively than it is. Another very de- sirable variety little known to the amateur is Barlow’s larkspur, a large flowered dark blue. But of all the larkspurs, foreign or native, that I have seen, there is none that, to me, is more beautiful than the well-known, always magnificent Del- phinium Formosum. The plant’s habit is, unfortunately, rather poor. It has not the stately growth of D. elatum and its hybrids, yet its rich dark foliage is very pleasing in tone and it holds itself well if staked early in growth. But all deficiencies of habit and height are overlooked when from the long, crapelike, crinkled spurs the splendid petals of wonderful blue — a blue like no other in the world of flowers — unfold, a blue brilliant, yet deep, over- laid in full sunshine with a glistening frost- like sheen indescribably beautiful. The large double eye of pure white heightens the effect. Among the English and French hybrids there are some charming combinations of color. These are so well known as hardly to need description, but perhaps the most distinct of those within the financial reach of ordinary mortals are: Queen Wilhelmina, delicate lavender blue, flushed with rose; King of Delphiniums, fine deep blue of splendid habit; Lizzie, azure-blue with yellow eye, a very tall and strong growing sort; Beatrice Kelway, a beauty in several shades of blue; Geneva, pale porcelain, very delicate; Rembrandt, sky-blue, inner petals flushed, silver sheen; Sceptre d’Azure, azure blue, flushed and tipped; Marconi, deep sky-blue, veined with rose; Millet, blue with white centre and white tipped petals; Rev. E. Lascelles and Goliath, the rival giants of the race, contending with each other for supremacy in point of height and size of their immense, dark blue flowers. PH Ee G Asher EN MAG A:Z IN E The Formosum larkspur is delightful with its combination of pure white and brilliant deep blue. easily and is useful for cutting A pure white hybrid delphinium that, in my opinion, promises to be of great value is D. hybridum, var Merheimi. Large flowered, vigorous in habit and absolutely pure in its coloring, it would seem to be the ideal white toward which the hybridizers have been long striving, though, in my opinion, a semi-double white with very large bronze eye is fully as beautiful and perhaps even more effective. Nor can we pass by that delightful hybrid Belladonna, blue of the skies, which was saved to gardens by the lucky chance of an original plant having been sent to America. The originator lost his stock, but the one here gave seed from which the “belladonna seedlings” of to-day are there- fore descended. It is a clear azure blue and quite hardy. While the delphinium is fast coming to its own in the herbaceous border, its utility and effectiveness in wall-planting is not, in this country, appreciated, yet it may be used with artistic effect massed against a housewall or in the angles of buildings. Such planting would be very desirable on the average city lot where the building 295 It naturalizes line is frequently not more than twenty feet from the street. It is a well-known principle of landscape gardening that blues must be used where it is desirable to lengthen perspective. If your lot is shal- low, plant delphiniums at the back; it will seemingly add many feet to the depth. If your house is too close to the street, plant delphiniums again in the shrubbery near the house wal!; you will find to your surprise that, to use the artist’s phrase, it ‘“‘puts back” your house, besides invest- ing it with an indescribable air of enchant- ment. To the gardener with the “seeing eye,” the peculiar harmony of its color with the season in which it flowers is not the least fascinating characteristic of the perennial. Especially is this true of delphiniums, be- ginning to flower, as they do, when the first waves of summer heat overtake us and the longing for ocean and mountains begins. Next to green, blue is the color suggestive of coolness and shade; and in no otker species of plant, annual or perennial, are the blues so rich and so varied as in the hardy lark- spur or delphinium. Making Garden Walks That Fit the Place—By Werner Boecklin, %% THIS ARTICLE TELLS HOW TO USE TO THE BEST PURPOSE THE VARIOUS MATERIALS COMMONLY EMPLOYED — SOME IDEAS OF THE PROPER METHODS IN RELATION TO COST OW wide? Where? Of what ma- terial? These are the three pri- mary questions to be decided in making the permanent walk in the garden. And every garden must have some sort of walk. A simple earth walk may do for the vegetable garden but not for the main approach from the street; and a grass walk will not stand hard usage. Indeed the walk must be ‘‘made’ if it is to last and a well made walk adds greatly to the character and general appearance of the garden. The width will vary according to location and purpose. Appearances suggest a mini- mum of thirty inches and a maximum of sixty inches. Four or five feet is usually correct for the main walk, and three may be laid on a narrow piece of ground or in a secondary location. The direction for the walk is largely a matter of personal judgment, but remember above all that a path must be rational, must have a reason for its location, and to twist just for the sake of twisting is poor design. A straight line may be as beautiful as a curve. The walk should go to its destina- tion interestingly. ge In materials there is a large choice. ‘Dur- ability and appearance have to be consid- ered, not to speak of the matter of first cost which varies greatly. The fact that a material may not be adapted to the house architecture or to the character of the ground is rarely considered, or we should not see the colonial house with smooth finish cement walks! The gravel walk is associated in our minds with colonial houses, English and Dutch cottage homes and old fashioned gardens. Gravel is not the sole ingredient in a suc- cessfully built walk of this type. In some a sub-base of broken stones, from two to four inches thick, is placed and on this cin- ders are spread sufficient to completely fill. the interstices and leave a depth of one inch above the stone to be filled with gravel mixed with clay oraclayloam. The cinder layer must be rolled and given a uniform surface before the gravel is added, and a final rolling given the gravel to thoroughly compact it. Or omit the stone base, put in a two inch layer of cinders and compact well, using plenty of water in the process. On this place the gravel and roll as before. If the gravel varies much in size, say from 4 inch in diameter to 13 inches, separate into two piles by screening and place the coarse for a bottom layer using the fine, which will probably contain a percentage of sand, for the top layer. Clay loam, or preferably clay without any admixture of humus, is essential as a ‘“‘binder”. Clean gravel, when used without such a binder, is soon scattered over the adjoining lawn. Clay should be added, possibly 5 per cent. to act as a binder. All paths built of loose ma- terials must first be trenched to the required depth and the edges trued before the ma- terials are put in position. A gravel walk as above described will cost about eight cents per square foot. Cinders alone are frequently used for paths. Ashes from the house furnace are de- cidedly inferior, being light and very dusty. On grades where the wash of storms is excessive, cinder paths are not satisfactory. The washing out of material may in such a case be checked by giving the path a heavy crown at the centre and building gutters of brick or cobbles. To excavate a walk trench four inches deep, cast away the ex- cavated material, and furnish, place and roll the cinders, will cost about two cents a square foot. Crushed trap rock makes a serviceable path, but the stone lacks binding qualities and makes rather unpleasant walking unless screenings, the dust from the crusher, are applied as a finishing coat. This results in a dusty path which has its disadvantages. The 14 inch stone for the bottom course laid three inches thick with enough screen- ings mixed in to bind when watered and rolled, gives a substantial foundation for a 1 inch course of the # inch size, which may be laid either with or without screenings. Superior to the trap, both structurally and in appearance, is the path of crushed limestone, sometimes called blue stone, for when wet and rolled it cements together and gives a smooth walking surface. Use 1% inch sizefor the bottom course, mak- ing it about three inches thick, and on this spread a 1-inch layer of the 3 inch size, finishing with a sprinkling of fine stone known as “grits”, spread over the top. Grits may be bought or obtained by hand screening the 3 inch size with a $ inch mesh screen. During construction, the successive layers are of course sprinkled by means of a hose or watering can and well rolled. To keep any of these loose material paths in condition requires a periodical addition of top dressing. Such walks should also be rolled occasionally; raking the surface every Saturday afternoon with a wooden rake is detrimental, since this loosens the bond and helps the rains to carry off greater quantities of the top dressing. On a path of this kind made of second hand bottom stone at $2.00 a team load and top stone at $6.00 a load, where the screen- ings were separated from the bottom to be spread and rolled, and the fine lime was separated by hand screen and spread on top, the cost came to 75 cents per square foot. The trench was four inches deep. Before cement came so universally into use as a sidewalk material, blue stone flag- ging was used extensively. Such a walk will outlast any garden and requires a mini- mum amount of attention. A walk of this kind should be laid by an expert as more or less chipping of the edges is required to secure as nearly closed joints as possible and on curves the stones must be cut radially to fit. Cement is sometimes used in the joints but a good workman can set the stones so closely that no cement is needed. To fur- 296 nish the stones and set in a shallow sand or . cinder bed will cost about thirty-five cents per square foot of walk. A modification of this walk is that with irregular flagging set with 1} inch spaces between the edges of stone which spaces are filled with.soil and sown in grass. The treatment is not adapted to every situation. Stones of these irregular shapes are second hand and can usually be bought at a low figure. Cement is the material of all others most extensively used in modern walks. But little originality has been displayed in its use however. Nearly everybody follows a well established precedent and puts in the conventional uninteresting smooth-finished- colored-with-lamp-black walk. As usually built cement walks present a- stone like appearance smooth in finish, with joints from three to five feet apart. The best ones have a cinder foundation 18 inches or 2 feet below the ground level, upon which the concrete is placed. The object of deep foundations is to get below the frost action. Cheaper construction provides a depth of cinders of 8 to 12 inches. Concrete in the proportion of 1 cement, 3 sand, and 5 broken stone, termed 1:3:5, or a stronger mixture, 1:2:4, is placed on the cinder base and well rammed to a depth of three inches. On this is placed a finishing coat in a semi- fluid state one inch in thickness and consist- ing of 1 part cement to 2 parts sand. This is leveled off with a wooden straight edge resting on the side forms, and after a proper interval of time the surface is troweled. By using a wooden ‘“‘float”’ a rough finish is given to the walk, more interesting in ap- pearance, besides producing a surface safer to walk on in wet and freezing weather. Sand joints are made at varying distances to prevent the walk from cracking as a re- sult of uneven settlement. An interesting effect may be produced by adding beach pebbles to the finishing coat. By allowing the cement to set for about six hours and then rubbing the surface first with an ordinary building brick and then with-a steel brush at the same time flushing with a stream of water, the cement is washed from about the pebbles, exposing them sufficiently to give the effect seen in a con- glomerate stone. The cost of ordinary cement walks varies according to the local- ity and the specifications from 15 to 25 cents per square foot. Bricks, when hard burned and well laid, make one of the most satisfactory of walks for the private place. Here again I em- phasize the need of expert labor in doing the work. Because a man is a mason, it does not follow that he knows how to lay a brick walk. A very satisfactory brick walk may be laid dry, that is, without the use of cement mortar. Having provided a substantial foundation of broken stone, cinders, or sand, a bed at least one inch thick of sand is care- fully leveled to the grade and form the walk June, 1914 eh Grain Donon MOA GA ZINE 297 agit ees Irregular shaped flag stones give a rustic effect and last well 4 i} The grass walk is particularly attractive in long vistas Concrete or cement makes an enduring walk where there Hard brick laid in some regular fashion gives a clean dry arched over by flowering vines is much use surface and fits into formal gardens ‘ 298 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 ee — — —_— —— iL is to take, and the bricks laid on this bed as close together as possible. The bricks are then rammed into place by means of a suitable pounder and the walks covered with a light sprinkling of sand which is broomed into the joints, a small amount being allowed to remain on the surface to be carried into the joints by traffic and rain. SYMPOSIUM ON THE EVER NEW YET OLD QUESTION - Common building brick are not suitable for use in walks as they are too soft and have but little adhesive strength, breaking easily under light blows. Either “pavers” or a hard burned building brick of a cheaper grade, or tapestry brick will make good walks. A dry walk built of bricks costing ro dollars per thousand will cost twenty cents per square foot, and laying in cement, using a concrete foundation, will add ten or fifteen cents to this cost. It is a waste of money to set the bricks in mortar upon a sand foundation, for unless there is an un- yielding base which cannot be affected by frost, the mortar will crack loose and you will have a dilapidated walk in a year or two. ARE BUDDED PLANTS ~ REALLY BET- TER THAN OWN ROOTS? [Eprtors’ Nore: In a recent issue of THE GARDEN MacazINE a correspondent expressed himself very definitely as preferring budded or grafted rose plants to plants on their own roots (cuttings). Exception has been taken to that statement as being too general, too sweeping in its terms, although our correspondent, it may be noted, qualified his remarks by restricting their application to cold climates. In the belief that a fair and thorough presentation of the facts based on actual experi- ence, would be of real help in this perplexing problem, we have invited expression from many rose lovers. Some of these are here presented — others will appear later. And in the meantime, we extend an invitation to our readers to contribute any actual facts that may have a bearing on the problem — mere opinions will not help; we ask for facts. The truth probably lies all around; oy that we mean that there can be no one general answer to the question. Demonstration plots have been established this year at the Country Life Press Gardens, where visitors may see for themselves how the various kinds of plants behave under the peculiar conditions of Garden City, N. Y.] Jens Jensen, Landscape Architect and former Park Superintendent, Says: “We have in the parks a great number of Tea roses and Hybrid Perpetuals. I am planting very few H.P. as the Teas blooming all summer are so satisfactory with us. The Hybrid Teas make better root systems of their own than on grafted stock, and as this climate is very unfavor- able for roses, due to the dry summers and cold winters, their own roots will stand droughts better and they rarely freeze out, whereas on the grafted or briar stock everything winter kills except the briar itself; or there may be a little shrivelled wood left which keeps you guessing what the result will be. Plants on their own roots you can cut back close to the ground and you are sure that it is not a briar that is coming up, but the desired variety; be- sides Teas bloom sooner from their own roots. Grafted Tea roses are not nearly as lasting as their own root stock. They will have to be looked after continually or the wild wood is liable to take possession and crowd out the grafted stock. As for the Hybrid Perpetuals there is no question but that the grafted stock is best. Their hardy nature resembles more that of the briar or Manetti and they make very poor roots of their own. Grafting makes them more floriferous and there is a great need for this. A friend of mine agrees with me; and he further states that few people want roses in their gardens that do not bloom more or less the entire summer, especiaily the Hybrid Perpetuals that with us bloom for only a few weeks in June. He also states that the large rose growers in the United States are all growing own root roses. The day of the Hybrid Tea rose is just coming and you will see that the grafted stock will not be wanted. Chicago, Ill. R. Janicke, an Amateur of Missouri: Budded roses are very useful for im- mediate effect and give an abundance of flowers the first season, but are short lived compared to own root roses. Bud- ded roses must be planted deep enough to cover the union of cion and root to prevent suckers from root and winter killing of cion. This deep planting causes the formation of a crown of fibrous, feeding roots from the cion, while the Lriar stock will form very few feeding roots and grad- ually dwindles away. Own root roses usually have a very dense fibrous root system and live longer than budded plants. To develop the individuality of every variety, roses should be grown on their own roots. A few of the newer varieties of Hybrid Perpetuals, Austrian Briar Hybrids (Per- netiana), and a few Hybrid Teas are weak growers on own roots, and will form more perfect flowers if budded on the strong growing briar or Manetti. These few exceptions should be accepted as a nec- essary evil and budding should therefore be restricted to these weak growers. In our climate small potgrown roses of the Polyanthas, Teas, Hybrid Teas and Bengals will bloom splendidly the first year and develop into strong plants by fall. After the first heavy frost in November the leaves should be stripped and the plant taken up and planted closely in a cold frame or sheltered spot in the garden and well covered with dry leaves or hay, pro- tecting further with tar paper or boards to keep out rain and the winter sun, but should be subjected to light freezes. The following spring these roses are thoroughly rested and will flower more abundantly and freely than any budded roses. St. Joseph, Mo. Admiral Aaron Ward thus states the result of years of close observation on Long Island: “To be of any use, a statement of pref- erences in rose stocks for open ground plants should give some idea of the con- ditions on which the choice is based. In my case, the plants are in an old garden on the North Shore of Long Island, close to salt water, good exposure and free circulation of air. The soil, two feet of sandy loam with subsoil of sand. Omitting climbers, the varieties some twenty years ago were mostly Hybrid Perpetuals, Chinas, small Polyanthas, and Bourbons; at present chiefly Hybrid Teas, all dwarfs or so-called bush roses, no stand- ards. The temperature ranges from about 3 below zero in winter to 98 degrees in summer, the extremes being reached only two or three times in a season. The forms of growth have been on own root; or budded, on Manetti, on briar cuttings, or on seedling briar, the Manetti and briar cutting not used, when avoidable, in recent years. The form preferred is budded on seedling briar; reason, better all around results than obtained with the -other forms above named. Too many of a JUNE, 1914 THe Ee aG Aline D EON MeA G A ZI N-E 299 the Hybrid Teas will not thrive on their own roots at all and the Manetti does not ‘seem long lived. It should be noted that this garden is used for pleasure not for profit, pruned for quality not for quantity. The bushes are planted to stay, not to be removed unless better varieties, well tested out in advance, appear to take their places. The varieties are mostly full flowered, very few thin ‘ones. When planted they are field grown plants in their second year — that is to say, roses budded in August, 1912, have been grown out of doors until April, 1914, and then placed in the garden. As to climbers, the Multiflor and Wichuraiana hybrids, such as Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Perkins, Evergreen Gem and in general the hardiest and most prolific of these two climbing classes, do well here on their own roots. Change any of the above conditions and it is possible that a different opinion as to ‘stocks will be fully justified. For instance, it is generally known that certain Hybrid ‘Teas do much better on briar cutting stock than on seedling briar — but not in the Long Island summer climate. Reason, not enough deep root growth. Again, an eminent British authority showed me in his garden last year some beautiful Com- tesse du Cayla and other Chinas on their own roots. In a similar climate I should certainly try out this method of growing Chinas, but from previous and bitter experience it might not do here. It follows that your symposium is likely to show great diversity of opinion and many of these views may be absolutely correct for the localities and conditions on which they are based. Which simply means that in this huge country, with a climate ranging from polar to tropical and every known variety of soil, rainfall and ex- ‘posure, any hard and fast rule as to rose stocks will not govern. Roslyn JN. Y. C. L. Meller, Landscape Architect and Park Superintendent, Speaks for North Dakota: “Oh, Mr. Meller! will you please come up and look at the rose bed you planted for us; some of the roses are running wild. Reverting to the ancestral form I suppose.” Thus was I greeted, and what I expected I found. It was budded stock I had set out, and some of the roots had sent up vigorous shoots that competed strenuously with the buds. But for this fact the rose bed was thriving, thriving under neglect be- cause the soil was a soil that roses like. The inference seems obvious and if my experience had been limited to this single instance it might be: plant no more budded stock. However, I took up those wildings and planted budded stock, only an entirely - different kind. I take it upon myself now to watch that rose bed a little and see to it that proper care is given. A friend of mine writes: “I think they are much better if on their own roots, the severe cold seems to hurt the budded or grafted stock.” This man has raised roses in North Dakota for twelve years and yet I am not convinced. Perhaps the editor has no business printing this. This friend I speak of raised in 1911 from his Paul Neyron roses, blossoms that measured six and a half inches across. He further tells me that he has tried almost every kind but has found that a lot of them will not stand our winters. This year he cuts down the list of roses with which, as he tells me, he has had the best results, to six Hybrid Perpetuals. Therein his trouble lies and that of many another who attempts to decide upon the respective merits of budded stock and own root roses for our northwest, at least for a large part of the region of the Red River of the North; they have not found the rose actually suited to our climate, but unaware of this fact they lay to budded stock the inherent weakness of the kind of rose they are trying to grow. The Hybrid Perpetual is not the rose altogether suited to our climate though some few varieties of that type prove hardier than others. The China rose, or Hybrid Bengal, Gruss an Teplitz is the rose for us. I have had real success with budded stock of this rose. Others have had like experience. Soil is a rose’s chief concern and we have the rich, clinging, clayey soil a rose delights in; perhaps a little too heavy our soil may be, but when into this there is spaded some cow manure rich in well rotted straw, an excellent humus, we have a soil to make a rose root grow with a gluttonous abandon. How well our soil is adapted to roses is attested to by the fact that our native prairie rose becomes a weed that seriously interferes with the cultivation of crops! Among the grains it also flourishes. There it takes the place of the poppy and the bachelor button of European grain fields. Now into this soil thrust a coarse vigorous root able to assimilate this abundance of coarse food and upon it bud a stock innured to the climate and what else but success can follow? The wilding is more able to dig into the soil and feed so that the budded stock will get its food more easily and in greater abundance. A positive climate confronts the rose out on the prairies. The frost goes down eight feet or more and the wind at times, is strong. Our growing season is short, but nearly always intense. Not untii the first of June and up to September first are we entirely free from frosts, free in such a manner that it becomes a certainty, though there is nothing regular about it all, for instance, during Arbor Day cf 1909, it snowed all day and it was a struggle to walk against the wind. During that year -the first killing frost occurred the eleventh of October. I have had tulips in full bloom frozen brittle as glass, though this did not impair their blooming. With roses it does not seem to be so much a matter of cold as it is the evaporation they are subject to during winter. At least the behavior of the Crimson Rambler would seem to indicate this. When the canes of this climber are left uncovered they die down to the ground, when, how- ever, laid down and covered with about a foot or more of soil firmly packed the canes come out unharmed in spring. Covering merely with straw or leaves will not answer the purpose. The intense cold of our winters penetrates this soil covering very readily, but the canes are protected against the evaporation of our strong winds and naturally dry climate. Might as well say that most of the apples are not hardy simply because they are grafted. A rose that is not hardy in our climate, unable to endure our occasional stiff winds and the dry cold of our winters is not going to prove any hardier because on its own roots. On the other hand, the wild- ling roots cover a larger area so to speak are more rugged and consequently better able to resist a drought. After the rose or roses best adapted to the climate have been found, the question resolves itself into one of food, for roses are “‘some feeders” and stock budded on to the more rugged root will have more food for its blooms than stock on its own roots. Fargo, N. D. F. V. Holman, Originator of Portland’s Rose Féte, Writes: When I began to grow roses, more than twenty-five years ago, I purchased small bushes on their own roots and was im- pressed with the argument that such roses were greatly preferable to budded or grafted bushes. I refer particularly to low-budded bushes which in European catalogues and books are called “dwarfs.” But there were some of the finest roses which it is extremely difficult to propagate on their own roots. One of the best examples is Baroness Rothschild. After I became more experienced in the growing of roses, I changed my opinions altogether and for a great many years I have not purchased any new bushes on their own roots if I could obtain them low- budded or grafted. The greatest advantage is that on such stock as the canina and others which have an abundance of roots, far more sap is furnished than is furnished by the roots of the varieties themselves. Many varieties of roses have weak roots, and consequently produce but limited qualities of sap. Even bushes which have strong roots of their own seem to grow better when low-budded or grafted on strong stock. When plant- ing dwarf bushes the place of budding or grafting should be put at about three inches beneath the surface of the ground. In the course of time new roots come from this place of juncture, so that the bush has not only the roots of the wild stock, but also its own roots. It is true, that care must be taken that suckers from the wild stock are destroyed in order that all the sap from the roots shall go into the budded stock. Intelligence is necessary even in growing roses. Portiand, Ore. | . | | | June in the Garden HE month of June is one of the busiest of all in the school garden, because it must either produce results now (before school closes) or it must be put into excellent condition for a long summer’s campaign. Lettuce, radishes, beet tops, young onions from sets and carrots are ready for eating. Late peas may be planted now, and Swiss chard and turnips for late crops. Of course, sowings of lettuce and radish may be made right along at intervals of a week or ten days. If peppers or eggplants were started indoors long ago, they may be set out now. But the three big pieces of work, after all, are the cultivation of the soil, weeding, and fighting insect pests. If the soil is frequently stirred moisture is re- tained in it. The light, loosened area acts as a blanket to hold the water and keep it near the roots. Be careful to keep the garden free from weeds. It is not enough merely to cut off the tops of weeds; root them up and so be certain that they, at least, are out of the way for good and all. Onion beds often become very weedy. We must be on the watch all the time for the pests which attack both vegetable and flower gardens. This should be one of the subjects for study in the school garden. The children should be taught remedies for the most common of- the insect pests and how to apply them. The work of Mr. Ernest K. Thomas, in Providence, R. I., is worthy of attention. He teaches the older boys who are in garden work the uses of different sprays, and how to mix and apply them. After mastering this phase of the work the boys demonstrate these practical lessons on insect pests to groups of younger boys and girls. This is an effective method of teaching. The insect pests found on cultivated plants are of two kinds —those that chew and those that suck —and they must be fought accordingly. The chewing forms may be internally poisoned, while the sucking ones should be smothered with oily solutions or powders. The remedies usually used for the first class of pests are paris green, arsenate of lead and bordeaux mixture. Perhaps a safer remedy to handle is hellebore powder. This may be sprinkled on the leaves of the plants when the dew is still on them. For the sucking insects use kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap, tobacco dust or sulphur. Kerosene emulsion is made by shaving up a quarter of a pound of hard soap into two quarts of boiling water. When the soap is dissolved add a gallon of kerosene by beating it in. When using this for a spray add ten times the amount of water to the quantity of the emulsion taken. Spray this on to the plant or plants infested. Cutworms are very common in the garden. They have soft bodies varying in color from black to gray. They rest in the ground all day, coming out to feed at night. They cut right through the stalks of plants. Use hellebore powder. Make a ring about the stalk of the plant at a distance of two inches from the main stalk. Sprinkle helle- bore powder inside of this ring. It is the contents of this magic “ring” which do the work. Beets may have preying on them a sucking bug, about one quarter of an inch long, brown in color with black and yellow marks on it. They are called plant bugs and hide in rubbish. Therefore, if the garden is kept clean, these bugs may never appear. But if they do, spray with kerosene emulsion. All of us have seen the green worm on cabbage plants. It is a slender worm about one inch in length. It eats so many holes in the cabbage leaves that they are quite riddled. Use hellebore powder sprinkled on the leaves. GARD FOR CONDUCTED BY ELLEN EDDY SHAW ae Squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and melons, may all have squash bugs. They are flat, black bugs having a disagreeable odor. At night lay boards near the plants and the bugs will crawl under them. In the early morning lift up the boards and kill the bugs. Potato beetles are most offensive. They are yellow in color, with black stripes. Bordeaux mixture is the spray most generally used. As this is a poison it should be carefully handled. Boys and girls should be taught how to use this, if there is occasion for its use. Let the first lesson be one of preparing the mixture. Buy five ounces of copper sulphate (blue vitriol) from the drug store. Place the vitriol in a cheese cloth bag and hang this into a tub with five gallons of waterinit. Five and one half ounces of stone lime should be dis- solved in the water. Strain and use as a spray. Often times arsenate of lead is added. Use about five ounces of this. The mixture sounds deadly; it is a poison and should be so handled. The big, light green worms found on tomatoes are picked off very easily by hand. These worms are called horn worms, and from their cocoons One of the older boys demonstrating to the younger child- ren how to prepare the spray mixtures sphinx moths emerge. Rose bugs also must be hand picked. Slug shot is excellent to use for rose troubles. In our flower garden we are troubled mostly with red spider and with lice. Sprays of clean water and kerosene emulsion are used. Also dust on tobacco powder wherever the lice are found. Sometimes, as is the case with golden glow, the pest stays on a few flowers or branches of the plant. This makes it easy to combat. Cut off the in- fested parts and burn them. Perhaps you did not know that if you do not plant dahlias until the last of June or the first of July they will grow quite as well, if not better, than those planted earlier. In August, if growth is slow, water the dahlia plants each week with ammonia water. Adda tablespoonful of household ammonia in a gallon of water. Look at the tomato vines and see if they need support. Perhaps the staking plan, used by Mabel Musser and explained in the May number of THE GarDEN Macazing, will appeal to you as worth trying. The city school, wishing to give a gardening impetus to its scholars for all the summer, should 300 Ask the children to have a June garden exhibit. bring in specimen plants from those raised in their own home gardens, started by themselves from the seed. If such plants are taken up and put into boxes of soil a few days before the exhibit, they will be in good condition. The plants then have time to recover from wilt. Leave the boxes out- doors in a sheltered spot in the garden until the day of the exhibit. One of the Brooklyn public elementary schools tries this plan with good suc- cess. The interest lasts, the fall exhibit showing this very plainly. So in June cultivate, weed, and fight garden pests. A Garden Story from Texas DJOINING and surrounding the Maple Avenue School in Austin, Tex., were heaps of tin cans and other trash. Being in a very poor section of the city the place was a veritable dumping ground for a certain part of the city. One of the teachers gradually led up to the idea of a garden, and when the enthusiasm became intense, the trash was all gathered into large heaps by the children, and the city wagons hauled it away. The garden, a plot 20x50 ft., was dug up by any available tools and raked into beds, and seeds planted. The first spring a radish party proved the crowning event, when the counted and washed radishes seemed to all a delightful feast. Another occasion was a dinner, with mothers and friends as invited guests, when the vegetables from the precious garden were cooked and served in the school grounds. The pupils not only keep the school garden and yard in order, but there are vines on the trees, and the rear lot, extending to another street, has been cleared of all rubbish and has become a little park. The following September found the garden full of tall weeds, and ten boys pulled them up, pre- pared the soil, and planted turnigs. The plot is 20x50 it. The work was done in one week. Since its beginning, the garden has been enlarged and fenced in, flowers and vines make the building and yard attractive, and the work has caused home gardens to appear here and there in the neighbor- hood. Texas. Mrs. M. K. RUSSELL. Two Soil Experiments Pees for acidity of soil. Dampen the soil, burying in it a piece of blue litmus paper. Use-for soil the garden samples. The litmus can be bought at the drug store. Touch another piece of blue litmus with an acid such as vinegar. Note how an acid changes blue litmus to red. Leave the litmus in the soil for an hour. See if it is red when it comes out; if so the soil is acid and needs liming. Effect of lime on soils. Take a tin can or plate. Punch holes in the bottom of the receptacle. Spread clay one half inch thick over the bottom. Pour water on the clay. It does not drip through. This shows to a class how a clayey field acts in winter. Now do the experiment over again but this time sprinkle lime on the surface of the clay before pouring on the water. Notice that soon the water begins to trickle through. This shows the effect of lime on a clayey soil, breaking up the clay and thus allowing air and water to enter. If you take a mass of clay and knead lime into it, you will find that the clay becomes less sticky. Lime sweetens the soil too and helps in the growth of certain plants. The ques- tion arises concerning the amount of lime to use, Farmers often estimate on 1,000 pounds to the acre; or say a bushel to an area of about 1,500 square feet. June, 1914 en Ee Ged hep EN MAG AZIN E 301 Direct from Holland in Original Packages ‘There is one sure way to take the gamble out of buying Holland bulbs. ‘Kruijff, the largest growers of high quality tulips, hyacinths, daffodils and crocus in Holland, have for three years past been selling their best product direct to American Garden lovers. This Dutch Girl trade-mark appears on every package of these Dutch bulbs —it is the seal of Van Waveren & Kruijff quality. If you want bulbs that are solid, spotless, full of vitality, true to name and color, and at prices no higher than you pay for inferior grades, write today for The Real Dutch Bulb Catalog Printed in Holland. It lists over 600 varieties including the best and new- est—all of which have been proved in our experimental grounds (partially shown in cut herewith). Suggests com- binations that have stood the test. All prices include free delivery to your door or railroad station. Order early. s Early orders are essential, as all Write Today bulbs are packed in Holland Gt. van Waveren & Kruijff American Branch House 202 Walnut Place Philadelphia MW ue’ MARY GARDEN A beautiful golden-yellow bloom. The only pure yellow Double Tulip in existence. Home Offices and Nurseries: Sassenheim, Holland. | Introduced by us—sold this season for Other Branches: Moscow, : Russia; Leipsic, Germany; {the first time in America—at 25c. each. Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic; Guteburg, Sweden Half-mile section of a Three-mile Boundary Fence on the estate of Gideon N. Galeb, Esq., Eatontown, N. J. Carpenter Fences for Private Estates ALL-GALVANIZED—RIGID—INDESTRUCTIBLE We make and build a complete line of Iron Railing, Entrance Gates and Wire Fences A Fence for Every Purpose— The Fence for the Purpose Fences for Gardens, Lawns, Paddocks, Poultry Runs, Tennis Courts, Kennels, Etc: ALL-GALVANIZED UNCLIMBABLE CHAIN LINK FENCES FOR ESTATE BOUNDARIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES F. E. CARPENTER COMPANY, 858 Postal Building, New York City Our Catalogue showing some of our many installations sent on request Gt. van Waveren & : yh ally i é Our Experimental Grounds, where combinations of new varieties are proved by results, before we recommend them. yt < wera: THE EYE OF THE NATIO is upon the White House. Both in times of war and in times of peace the Presidential Mansion is naturally the focus of public attention. It mustrank with the palaces of kings and its grounds must have the care of the country’s best garden architects. What greater honor could be bestowed upon C. & J. Incomparable Cannas than to appear here “On the Front Lawn of the Nation.’”’ The illustration shows one of many beds of our wonderful cannas to be found on the public grounds at Washington— selected by the Department of Agriculture for their superiority. 108 varieties constitute the Conard & Jones offering Our Vice-President, Mr. Antoine Wintzer, is in this premier of display bedding plants. Every called the Canna Wizard. He-has doubled the canna of the 108 has passed through a personal size of the flower, trebled the variety of colors, three years’ exacting test by our Mr. Wintzer, increased the endurance of the bloom, and has before being placed upon the market. Every given bronze foliage to flowers that before had variety of color, growth and shape can be had. only green. Our several novelties for 1914 are tre- International honors have won for our cannas the mendously attractive. title of ‘‘The Finest Cannas in the World.” Our reputation for growing ‘“‘The Best Roses for America”’ is no less than that of producing ‘The Finest Cannas in the World.” Better get our Canna Book at once—planting time is here. THE CONARD & JONES CO. | Box 24 West Grove, Pa. The Readers’ Service will zive in/crmation about the latest automobile accessories TURE U1 CEA Re ID JO) IN! Bie a a Ton’t fail to get Dreer’s ia Book for 1914 Contains list of the largest collection of Aquatic Plants in America. Over 1,000 photo- reproductions, 4 color pages and 6 duotone plates. Cultural articles by experts for growing practically every vegetable, flower and plant. Sent free if you mention this publication. ATER JILIES Tropical Water Lilies _ The largest and finest collection in America. Many wonderful hybrids. These are all suitable for growing in fountains and poo.s as well as ponds. Furnished in strong growing pot-plants. Victoria Regia and its hybrids, in several sizes. Nelumbiums. 12 kinds, in strong pot-plants (or dormant until June 15th). No aquatic is more worthy of culti- vation and best of all, they are easily grown and are hardy. We offer free to our patrons the services and advice of our experts in devising plans for ponds, and in selecting varieties. HENRY A. DREER, 714- 716 Chestnut St, Philadelphia These special large size bulbs BG are grown in the most famous - \Y Gardens of Holland. By placing your orders early you can secure Farr’s choice speci- mens at the price asked later in the season for ordinary quality. Ten percent discount on all orders received before July Ist. These bul’»s can only be had on individual orders placed early in the season; therefore it is of great importance to you that you make your reservation at once. To induce you to do this I make the special discount of ro per- cent before July 1st. My Bulb Booklet is ready—may I send you a copy? BERTRAND H. FARR 104 Garfield Ave., Farr’s Peony Fields will be in their glory the first week in June. Come and see them. Tell me when you will arrive in Reading and I will meet you at the station. Wyomissing, Pa. The Finest of Make your garden everlasting! Use Sunlizht Double Glass Sash on this inexpensive ready-made greenhouse. The sash serve either on hot-beds or cold frames or on the greenhouse according to the season and the plants you want to grow. The greenhouse is so made that the sash are readily removable when wanted for other work. As the sash are double glazed they need no mats or shutters and are complete, profitable and long lived. Get our catalogue. It is free. If Prof. Massey’s book- let on hot-beds and cold frames or the use of an inex- pensive greenhouse is wanted send 4c. in stamps. Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 927 E. Broadway Louisville, Ky. Holland Bulbs | pgonigs Imported on Order IMPORT the choicest selected bulbs grown by the most Holland, | expert growers in at the lowest prices possible for quality. Every bulb is TRUE TO NAME, and their blooms TULIPS HYACINTHS in any quantity you wish, bulbs of the best are as appealing as this Little Kiddie. My list contains most of the new Exhibition varieties, as well as all the old favorites, Don’t order elsewhere before you have seen my Import Send for it today as all orders for fall delivery Price List. NARCISSUS JONQUILS must be in my hands by July 15. A. B. VANDERBEEK, Paterson, N. J. IRIS MM AVGeAG ZING: whole, may be described as an improved JUNE, 1914 Weighed in the Balance (Continued from page 286) RECENT PERNETIANA ROSES ~ ) A NEW type of garden rose appeared in - 1900, when Soleil d’Or was introduced — by Pernet-Ducher, in whose honor it has. — been named Pernetiana. The pioneers of © this type had many of the characteristics of | the parent, the Austrian Briar, and did | not take kindly to the usual garden cul | ture, dropping their foliage continually. According to the originator of the type they should be planted in stiff clay. Any of the roses of this type, however, are, on account of their unusual and warm colorings, well worthy of any additional petting which they may demand. The original of the type is a wonderful com- © bination of color, when perfect, and Juliet © is perhaps the most singular colored var- | iety in existence. It is a beautiful rose, with a distinct and somewhat startling ~ beauty all its own. We may look forward to further novel — color effects in this Pernetiana type, with — the equally important addition of good — growing habit and continuity of bloom. Willowmere, the introduction of this. season, resembles the Hybrid Tea rose closely i in habit, and will prove a valuable — garden rose in a most desired color. The budisan attractive elongated form, opening ~ coral carmine, and passing into a rich, shrimp red with a glorious shading of yellow in the centre of the open flower. A shading of carmine pink near the edge of the petals adds further to an already wide play of colors. The flower, on the Lyon rose, with an equally desirable im- provement in the habit of growth. Madam Edouard Herriot, another fine addition to this type, is perhaps better known in Europe as the Daily Mail rose, having had the distinction of capturing the Daily Mail Cup, offered for the most meritorious new rose at the London Inter- national Show in 1912. It is a coral red, shaded with a suffusion of yellow and rosy | scarlet. The flower is not large or too full, © and is unusually attractive among gar- den roses. The foliage is vigorous and glossy in appearance, reminding one of burnished coppez, and appears to have un- usual disease-resisting qualities. This variety would be an ornament to the gar- — den if it never developed a flower. Lyon Rose is one of the best known and ~ certainly one of the most popular of the Pernetiana roses. With all its faults, it is a desirable rose for the garden, but will, no doubt, soon be superseded by the later addition, Willowmere. Rayon d’Or, an extremely attractive rose in the bud, quickly opens into a sun- flower yellow, somewhat single blossom, that does not resist the hot sun very well; the growth, under usual conditions, lacks vigor, and unless given special care, is not altogether successful in our climate. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service itd «se June, 1914 SPRAY The New—Better Way / Write today for Free Book. \ How to spray in less time, with less work, with half the solution other sprayers require. How 300,000 farmers, fruit growers, gardeners, home owners, Experiment Stations keep trees and plants, vege- table gardens, potato fields, free from blight, disease, insects, and assure the greatest yields of the finest quality — by using BROWN’S Auto Sprays Style shown here — for field cropsup to five acres and tree plots up to one acre. Capacity four gallons. Carried over shoulder. Requires least pumping. Has Auto-Pop Nozzle—throws from veil-like mist to heavy saturating flow—does not clog. Forty styles and sizes. Large sprayers fitted with Brown’s Non-Clog Atomic Nozzle —a most remarkable time-sav- ing, work-saving invention— so markedly superior that one dealer alone has sold over 5,000. Cannot clog. Is absolutely self-cleaning. Fits any make sprayer. Write for free book. Remember, we guarantee satisfaction or your money back. The E. C. Brown Co. 34 Jay Street Rochester New York Before Choc any Furniturefo: Bungalow,send forthis free Book It shows you just how beautiful Old Hickory Fur- niture is. It surprises you with the large number o! 1 It suggests many attractive ways of beauti- ieces. Exe the porch, lawn, bungalow or summer cottage at reasonable prices. OLD HICKORY FURNITURE is always handsome; it never wears out; you can’t break it—and to clean it justturnon the hase. See Old Hickory Furniture at your dealers. If he doesn’t handle it we'll see that you are supplied. Write us today for free book, and please give us your dealer's name. The Old Hickory Chair Coe 414 South Cherry Ste Ry Martinsville, Ind. « Piers yy € UT = = = = = = © ANNUM THT cH A UU VAUL TN LOASOOTcc DHE SGA k DE NM AGA ZINE Flowering Bulbs that usher in Spring must be ordered by July Ist. Not later Daffodils * Hyacinths «+ Tulips * Narcissus ° Iris LORIOUS, brilliant Dutch CG Bulbs that will flower all win- ter indoors and all spring in your garden with a riot of color and a bold beauty that will charm you! If you want the best of all these, sturdy, vigorous and fresh from their native soil, have us import them for you for planting next fall. Place your order now, if only for a small quantity. We will guarantee you a selection from the choicest offerings of the year at money-saving prices. You must order zot later than July first. ‘This will enable us to include your order in our first importation from our Holland grow- ers. It will bring them to Amer- ica in ample time for early fall planting. We will ship them to you with full instructions as to how and when to plant them. They are not of a perishable nature and not injured even if planting is delayed until late autumn. We guarantee safe delivery and every bulb will be in perfect condi- tion, fresh, sound and vigorous. They are hardy—absolutely so. Plant them this fall and they will bloom next spring giving you the most generous returns for the smal!- est amount of care. You need not pay for them until after they are de- livered if you do not care to do so. (References required from new cus- tomers.) Complete import price list and catalog of other hardy flowers on request. Write today. Partial Price List of Standard Bulbs and Piants Per 100 Per 500 Choice Mixed Single Hyacinths $3.00 $14.00 Extra Select Single Hyacinths 3.50 16.00 Fine Mixed Single Tulips “75 3.25 Extra Select Single Tulips 1.00 4.00 Narcissus Poeticus ( Poets’ Daffodil) -70 3.00 Double Daffodils (Von Sion) ii 8.50 Per 100 Per 500 Emperor Narcissus $2.25 $10.00 Narcissus Golden Spur 2.00 8.00 Spanish Iris, Choice Mixture 40 1.50 German Iris, Named Varieties, exira large 8.00 35.00 Siberian Iris, Choice Blue « 10.00 40.00 5% discount for cash with order What is a fair rental for a given property? Ask the Readers’ Service The Wagner Park Nursery Co. op Florists, Landscape Gardeners, Nurserymen ts ; Box No.781, Sidney, Ohio 303 TTT 304 THE 6G AR DE N~ MEANG AVZE Net ea Meet Your Porch Half Way— It’ll Do More Than That for Your Health! Outside it’s breathless! Indoors it’s close with the stuffiness of deadened air between walls. Move to the porch! Change it from a place where the glare is to a place where the air is by putting in Vudor Seis While other people swelter in dining rooms youll have appetite. While they toss in bedrooms you'll sleep calmly. Your nerves will be soothed, bathed into health by that great nerve specialist, Pure Air. You'll say, “Why didwt I think of that before?” Vudor Shades let people see out but not in. They admit air but exclude heat. They last —for their light, strong wooden strips are lock-stitched together by fish-net twine that wowt rot. They’re stained indelibly—not painted. Their durability is enormously in- creased by double warps at both edges, while very wide shades have double warps at inter- vals throughout their width. Vudor shades measure a drop of 8 ft. when in use against the 73 ft. drop of most other shades. They sell at a less price than the competitive shades which lack Vudor Special features. Made in all shades—to harmonize with the color of your house. From $3 to $10 will probably equip your porch. Send for samples for bungalows—in special colors. Send for Booklet of Vudor Shades and Hammocks and name of near est Vudor dealer. HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION 255 Mill Street Janesville, Wis. Makers of the famous Reenforced Hammocks— the only hammocks with reenforced centers and double-strength end cording. wv Kno “Those Hammocks x tO with two lives’’ ade Cor? gvile e-piaté b Stu Ja neat Horz wal “ook gealet gent Mog Wud gt 2 € A) So. a ne wm 4 SHAD Ap ee me: This label ame: marks the genuine acre” Ol ui JUNE, 1914 SUT HE INE) Wii J i) WANT i Hi iN 1 D | Meetings and Exhibitions in June 1. Elberon (N. J.) Horticultural Society: regular meeting. ; New Jersey Floriculture Society, Orange, N. J: rose night. . Sh Short Hills (N. J.) Garden Club: regular meeting. 3. “The Weeders,”’ Haverford, Pa.: lecture on birds. _ 4. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Horti- cultural Hall, Worcester, Mass.: exhibition. John Bartram Association, John Bartram Garden, Philadelphia, Pa.: meeting. p 6-7. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston: rhododendron exhibition. Horticultural Society of New York, Museum Building, New York Botanic Garden: exhibition. 8. Staten Island Garden Club, New Dorp, S, I.: regular meeting. 9. Nassau County Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. Y.: rose show. 3 10 Short Hills (N. J.) Garden Club: regular meeting. 11. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Horticul- tural Hall, Worcester, Mass.: exhibition. ? 12 Connecticut Horticultural Society: regular meeting. 12-13. American Peony Society, The Art Institute, Chicago, Ill.: show (Subject to change on account of weather.) 13. Dobbs Ferry Horticultural Association: spring ex- hibition and regular meeting. 13-14. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston: peony exhibition. 17. Short Hilts (N. J.) Garden Club: regular meeting. 17-18. Tarrytown Horticultural Society, Young Men’s Lyceum: regular meeting and show. 18. Oyster Bay L. I.) Horticultural Society: summer show. Foreign Fixtures ; ' Belfast, Ireland: National Sweet Pea Society, July 24. Berne, Switzerland Exhibition May 15 to October 15. 18. Worcester County Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Worcester, Mass.: exhibition. . 19. American Rose Society, Hartford, Ct.: meeting. 19-20. Westchester (N. Y.) and Fairfield (Ct.) Horticultural Society, at Port Chester Hospital: summer show. 20-21. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hal!, Boston: rose and strawberry exhibition. 22. Staten Island Garden Club, New Dorp, S. I.: regular meeting. 23-25. American Seed Trade Association, Washington, D. C.: annual convention. 24, Short Hills (N. J.) Garden Club: regular meeting. 24-26. Newport Garden Association and Newport Horti- cultural Society, at residence of Senator George Peabody, Bellevue Avenue: June exhibition. American Association of Nurserymen, Cleveland, Ohio: annua! convention. 25. Worcester Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Worcester, Mass.: exhibition. 26. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford: regular meeting. Ze Dobb’s Ferry Horticultural Association: regular meeting. 27-28. American Sweet Pea Society, Museum of Natural History, New York: annual exhibition under auspices of Horticultural Society of New York. Dates to be fixed in June depending on local weather condi- tions: Hamilton Horticultural Society, Hamilton, Ont., Canada. 5 Germantown Horticultural Society, Library Hall, Vernon Park, Pa. Ontario Rose Society, Toronto. Moscow, Russia: Universal Exhibition of Trade and Com- merce, spring, 1915S. London, England: Anglo-American Exhibition at Shepherds Bush, May to October; Third International Congress on tropical agriculture and forestry, June 23-30; R. H. S. Summer flower show, Holland House, June 30 July 1 and 2; National Sweet Pea So- ciety, Royal Horticultural Hall, July 16; Metropolitan Exhibition, Royal Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, July 7; Provincial Exhi- bition, Bath, July 16; Autumn rose show, Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster September 24. Note: — The Editors will be grateful for information about the doings of gardening societies, clubs, etc., and especially as regards coming events. In order to ensure timely publication, the information must reach the Editors by the sixth day of the month preceding the date of issue in which the fixture should appear. The John Bartram Association On the occasion of the annual meeting of the John Bartram Association, which will take place in the old John Bartram Garden, Philadelphia, on the afternoon of June 4th, a Gordonia tree is to be planted. The Gordonia was originally discovered by John Bartram, and the plant which is now to be installed is a direct descendant of the original tree which died some time ago. The present specimen is supplied by Miss Haines, and is propagated from a tree now growing at Cheltenham, Pa., which in turn was propagated from the original tree secured by John Bartram. Society of American Florists The annual convention of this representative association of the allied horticultural trades takes place in Boston, August 18th to 22d. A notable feature and one that will be of interest to amateur horticulturists generally is the outdoor exhibit, or “convention garden.” The success attending the convention garden at Minneapolis last year, induced the Society to adopt the scheme of estab- lishing permanent convention gardens wherever possible in connection with the annual meeting. The City of Boston has placed at the disposal of the Society, for this exhibition, ten acres of land in the Back Bay Fens where the exhibits of con- tributing firms will establish permanent growing exhibits under the direction of Mr. J. B. Shea, Superintendent of Parks. Gardening visitors to Boston will find very much of interest in this dis- play of growing plants, as it will embrace many of the novelties of the current season. The Rose Society of Ontario, Canada In February of last year, a few rose enthusiasts gathered together at the residence of Dr. and Mrs. Allen Baines, Toronto, and founded a rose society for Ontario. The object of the Society is to further and encourage the cultivation, study, and exhibition of the flower throughout this huge province. The Society has met with marked success; it is supported by all classes and the sum- If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service mer exhibition this year, although the actual date has not yet been fixed, bids fair to eclipse alto- gether the splendid show, for a first attempt, of last season. It is the intention of the Society to hold also an exhibition in the fall, when many of the best garden roses are in their richest beauty. Fourth National Flower Show The National Flower Show, the committee of which Mr. George Asmus of Chicago was recently elected Chairman succeeding Mr. Charles H. Totty of Madison, N. J., has accepted the invitation of Philadelphia to hold the next National Flower Show in that city in the spring of 1916. This organization is peripatetic in its nature, organizing these large flower shows from time to time in different sections. The very successful previous efforts of the committee in Kansas City, Boston, and New York have already been productive of great results. Philadelphia is an interesting centre from a gardening and horticultural viewpoint. Panama-Pacific International Exposition If the present plans are fully materialized, the Department of Horticulture of the forthcoming Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco next year will be on a scale quite unusual to efforts of this sort. Mr. Charles A. Dennison, chief of the horticultural division, made an extended tour through the Eastern horticultural centres in March and April, and concluded arrangements for many Eastern firms to make exhibits at the Fair. He also selected, as Superintendent of Horti- culture, Mr. William Plumb, already well known as a practical exhibition manager in New York, and formerly President of the New York Florists’ Club. Among the dominant features of the Exhibition grounds will be a great display of tulips —two acres of space being devoted to this feature alone. Rose growers will be interested in the offer of a $1,000 trophy for a new unnamed hybrid rose. Four of the most renowned foreign rose originators have already made entries that will total more than one hundred contestants for this prize. (Continued on page 306) JuNE, 1914 Conservatories In fact we build every kind of a home for flowers and sunshine. King Channel Bar Greenhouses take their name from a type of iron frame construction original with us. By a clever use of iron channel bars we are able to do away with thick frames and supports and ° build a greenhouse that looks asif its walls and roof were all glass. Yet the house is stronger than the old fashioned houses that looked as if there were more sup- ports than glass. Flowers, Palms, Vegetables and all growing things need sunshine from early morning to late afternoon. The various types of King Iron frame construc- tion eliminate shadow casting supports and make King Greenhouses both pro- ductive and artistic. One of these forms of construction is just suited to that greenhouse you have always planned to have. Write today for Bulle- tin No. 47. After you have looked it over you can decide what type pleases you— then our service department will furnish plans and estimates without charge or obligation. Better write today— King Construction Company 271 Kings Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y- “All the Sunlight All Day Houses” eee (Gosek Dh Ne oM A G°A ZT NE Pw ee Sea 8: ee GARDEN is never quite complete without attractive, comfortable furniture. We design and make a great variety of Old English Gar- den Furniture, Chairs, Seats, Tables, Trellises, Arbors, Pergolas, Houses and Gates. Send for complete catalog, mentioning this medium. NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO., Beverly. Mass. © New York Showroom, Craftsman Building, East 39th Street EOE ES Reasons for Our Slow Deliveries On Early Spring Orders Of ALPHANO HUMUS A Frank Statement ET us tell you exactly what the uncon- trollable conditions were, under which we have been laboring; and then we will leave it entirely to your sense of fair- ness if we havn’t done all possible, under the circumstances. For ten years our salesmen, personally, have been selling large quantities of this Alphano, but last season was practically our first direct advertising of it. The way the responses came and orders followed, it was abundantly evident that we had a Plant Food and Soil Builder that was welcomed and wanted. We sold bags, tons, carloads, and barge loads of it, as never before. Last Winter we figured that this season, a large number of these satisfied customers would come back for more, and that also many of their friends learning of the results secured by using Al- phano on lawns, shrubs, trees, and garden- ing in general, would likewise become cus- tomers; so based on this we spent many thousands of dollars increasing our facilities so that deliveries could be made promptly. As sanguine as we were we frankly admit having under- estimated the amount of the orders that developed. To add to our embarrass- ment, the late snows and cold weather made people think Spring was never coming, and so they put off ordering three to four weekslaterthan usual. Then when the first warm days did come, in came the rush orders. As a result we but naturally became way behind on shipments. In the face of all this we received some pretty stiff let- ters sand rather dynamic phone calls demanding ex- planations. To show our absolute good faith, we voluntarily returned a good many dol- lars to those who not know- ing what we were struggling against, felt we were negligent. Today (June first) our reports show that we have caught up on deliveriesand although the plant is working full tilt, and overtime, our shipments from now will be prompt. Those of you who wanted the Alphano for gardening, and it came too late to spade di- rectly in the soil, will find it works wonders when dug around the plants after they are up two or three inches. As for shrubs, now is as good a time as any to use it. Whenit comes to lawns, any time is a good time. Put it on now and it will prevent the soil from baking, and the grass from burning this Summer. It willinduce a strong growth of fine, fibrous, dry weather- resisting roots. The Alphano absorbing and holding as it does such large quantities of moisture, further fortifies the grass against the coming hot sun and the drying winds. Being in powdered form the Alphano is easy to apply. Being odorless it’s at all times free from objection. To apply now, cut the grass, spread on the Alphano, rake it in, and in two weeks’ time you will be surprised at the results. Our records show that dur- ing each month of June, July, August and September of last year, we sold more Alphano Humus for Jawns than during any one of the Spring months. Let us know about how large your lawn isand we willadvise how much you better order. If you have your Alphano, use it at once. If you haven’t any left for your lawns, shrubs, and garden— order some. If you have never had any, and are interested, but still unconvinced of its merits; send for our book of CON- VINCEMENT. It tells what it will do for you, by telling and showing what it has done for others. Bees Famus Ca 17C Battery Place bs US SUT aa UNIS TTS GEESE New York City Order Your DUTCH BULBS direct from the old reliable growers E. H. KRELAGE & SON, Haarlem. (Holland) ESTABLISHED 1811 delivered free in New York in time for FALL PLANTING For Catalogue, ready about July Ist, apply to J. A. DE VEER, 100 William Street, New York, Sole Agent for U. S. Lf you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service 305 EAA EY, VS : 306 THE GARD EN? BEATG EA Zane June, 1914 ’ “LLL df (Continued from page 304) GW, id ean for te ae Estates FOUNTAIN is often the “piece de resistance’? in p landscape architecture. Many of the show places of the country are beautified by our cut-of-door fixtures. Consult our catalogues or askus to prepare special designs for anything you require in ornamental iron or bronze. We issue separate catalogues of Display Fountains, Drinking-Fountains, Electrolers, Vases, Grills and Gateways, Seltees, Chairs, Statuary, Aquariums, Tree-Guards, Sanitary Fittings for Stable and Cow Barn Address: Ornamental Department THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS, Fifth Ave. and 17th St., New York Established 1828 WVTHHHHHTHHHHHHTHHHHtttltéll ee ee SG GGG yw '°e ev ee v6 ee>vw_vv'’ vv—v—>wwnw5wDWW KS Md, N CMMeeee@E@EE@CEEE@E@EEHEEE From. Holland FOR BETTER FLOWERS PLANT QUALITY BULBS We IMPORT to your order at lowest prices the very finest bulbs grown in Holland’s Quality bulb fields—they are sound, large and full of vitality. For Tulips—Narcissi—Hyacinths Our import plan is fully described in our catalog. Write for it NOW, as * all orders for fall delivery must be in our hands by July tr. QUALITY BULB COMPANY 824 C. of C. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. to Your Garden | Made to order—to exactly match For Intensive Tillage — meer the color scheme of any room aos AVE your fine rugs made to order, not ; i cheap stereotyped fabrics, made in unlimited quantities; but rugs that are different and sold “i We THREAD only through exclusive shops. We are only too . AND 2 ‘ mare glad to submit sketch in color to harmonize with THRUM surroundings of the room. Woven in selected RUGS camel's hair in undyed effects or pure wool in Disk Harrows and Plows A style and size for every farmer THE CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY Makers of the original CLARK disk harrows and plows 902 Main Street igganum, Conn. any color tone. Any length, any width—seam- less up to 16 ft. Order through your furnisher. White us for color card—today. Thread & Thrum Workshop Auburn, New York Are you a lover of beautiful flowers? Have you a garden? If so, you will be interested in the mission of this little card. Here at “The Gardens” you will find a most wonder- ful collection of hardv garden flowers, the IRISES. We make a specialty of this gorgeous and artistic flower, having acres of them, many rare, all of them beautiful, over 500 varieties, gathered together from all over the world. They thrive in all conditions of soil and climate, blooming from March until August, beginning with the pumilas, then the won- derful Germanica family, followed by the Spanish, English, Siber- ian, Crimean, and wonderful Hybrids, and at last come the glorious Japanese Irises, blooming in July and August, having flowers from 8 to ro inches across. No garden is complete without a collection of these most popular of hardy garden flowers. REMEMBER: They are fast becoming America’s most popular garden fiower. Plant them in August and September. Allow me to send you, free, my beautifully illustrated catalogue. ERITH N. SHOUP A card will bring it. “The Gardens” DAYTON, OHIO Official Rose Testing Gardens The American Rose Society, through their com- mittee in conjunction with a committee appointed by the Society of American Florists, has started two Experimental Rose Gardens, one in connection with the Department of Agriculture at Washington, D.C., and one at the Collegeof Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. The Rose Garden Committee of The American Rose Society sent out requisitions to rose growers for the Washington garden, covering between 475 and soo varieties, totaling about 5,000 plants. This garden is conducted by the Department of Agriculture, which agreed to support it and to work in conjunction with the American Rose Society in maintaining it as a test garden for roses for America. Very little has been done as yet with regard to foreign roses, but we believe that when this garden is once firmly established it will be a testing ground for all foreign varieties, too. It is the intention of the Department of Agriculture, we understand, to give the results of this test garden to the people of America in bulletins issued by that Department. The garden contains twelve plants of a variety in all of the dwarf growing types, and three of a variety in all of the Ramblers, Pillar roses, and Rugosa types. The American Rose Society is also working in conjunction with Cornell University. The garden there is almost a duplicate of the one at Wash- ington, the intention being to get a line on roses for colder climates. The response to the requisi- tions for plants has been very favorable, and the success of the gardens is assured. Garden Clubs of America Meet A meeting of the Council of Presidents of the Garden Clubs of America was held at Mrs. Archi- bald D. Russell’s residence, New York, during the time of the New York flower show. The Second Annual Meeting of the Garden Clubs of America was held at Princeton, N. J., on May 12th and rth. The object of these affiliated clubs is to stimulate the knowledge and love of gardening among amateurs and. to share the advantages of associa- tion through conference and correspondence in this country and abroad; to aid in the protec- tion of native plants and birds and to encourage civic planting. The Officers of the National Club are Honorary President, Mrs. C. Stuart Patterson; President, Mrs. J. Willis Martin; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Archibald D. Russell, Mrs. Alfred Ely, Mrs. Walter S. Brewster, and Mrs. Francis King. Secretary, Miss Ernestine A. Goodman; Correspond- ing Secretary, Mrs. Bayard Henry, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa; Garden Consultants, Mrs. Max Farrand and Miss Elizabeth Leighton Lee. A Metropolitan Garden Club The Staten Island Garden Club, organized on the seventh of April at the picturesque old Austen house overlooking the Narrows, promises to out- grow its own limits before it is half the summer old. Mrs. Albert Boardman, second Vice-President of the International Garden Club, and President of the Garden Club of Southampton, Long Island, spoke at the initial meeting, outlining the general scope and purposes of gardening organizations of this nature. Meetings on the first and third Mondays of every month during the early summer are scheduled, with several timely exhibitions and shows that promise great interest and instruction. At each meeting a lecture is provided, the committee con- sidering itself particularly fortunate in securing Mr. Leonard Barron for the first of these. Nothing could have been better calculated to inspire en- thusiasm and the keen personal interest in gar- dening which it is the aim of such organizations to cultivate, than his talk on “Some Garden Prob- lems.” The officers of the Club are: Miss Alice Austen, President; Mrs. Ernest Scheffer, Mrs. George Osgood Lord, Mrs. Walter Price, Vice-Presidents; Mrs. Harry Alexandre, Secretary; Mrs. Ralph Monell, Treasurer. GRACE TABOR. June, 1914 ihe GeA he EN M AGA ZINE 307 What Harry Vardon COLDWELL Combination Roller and Motor Mower Make the Clothes Line Come to You Fifty-two times a year you walk 630 feet or more, putting up and taking down the line—putting up and taking in the wash, HILL’S CHAMPION CLOTHES DRYER will save you all those steps, 6 milesor morea year. Just stand in one place, turn the revo ving top, and hang out a whole week's wash in almost less time than you could put up and take down the old-fashioned clothes line. Can be put up in oneminute, Saves most of the yard for the children. New York, Noy. 11, 1913 Coldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh, N. Y. Dear Sirs: — The American courses have improved very much since I last played here in 1900, and I have come to the conclusion that your Motor Mower is to blame. I cannot find words to express its great merits, but at any rate I can truthfully say that it is O. K. in every particular. Would advise Green Committees to do Away with horses and procure a Motor Mower, which pays for itself in two seasons. If your hardware dealer cannot supply you, writetous. Send for illustrated Folder No. z HILL DRYER COVIPANY 302 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass. Japan Bamboo Stakes DO NOT DECAY like wood or Swamp Cane. Lasta long time. cae Saar oe Tllustrated Motor Mower booklet free on request, GREEN COLORED together with complete catalogue. Write today. Yours respectfully, (Signed) HARRY VARDON 500 1,000 i? 2 ft. : Hes. Be $0. Ge Sr Bo 82 50 $4 50 2 ®Y INVITATION : ft. 1 ere 5 Ws ayn Gan (9) Ge MEMBER OF i ft. tee oe @ ECON 2050) 4100) 977) 50 = COLDWELL LAWN NESTING COLOR a f ' W \ 6 $ ae $ 500 Rone oN MO ER CoO. 6 ft. long . aes (e) j ea 2 50 $400 $7 50 =k? 4/# » : EXTRA-HEAVY BAMBOO STAKES Nats Uh Y NEWBURGH, N. pas nee FOR DAHLIAS, young trees, POLE-BEANS, ANS WW PHILADELPHIA TOMATOES, ete. A ioe : Manufacturers of Hand, Horse and 6 ft. long (dianetse 4 ineh up) $x 28 $a ee $7 00 ? = 8S Motor Power Lawn Mowers 8 ft. long H ‘ I 75 600 1050 is NEW YORK.U,SA. H. H. BERGER & cO., 70 Warren St., NEW YORK With Mathews Decorations. Make all outdoors your living room. Get ourfree catalog of suggestions showing 150 designs and plans for Summer ’ Houses, Lattices, Trellises, Furni- ne ture, Children’s Play Houses Pergo- j , las and all other garden decorations. THE MATHEWS MFG. CO. 9th Floor Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio ILLETT’S Hardy Ferns and Flowers For Dark, Shady Places Buy your Fall Bulbs now. We have Lilies, Trilliums, i BOIS " A Mess M h at all Seasons Cam of fresh USNFOOMS rowing in your Celta Se 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your * dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the ky; manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of Ne, a Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN The Stephenson System of Underground Refuse Disposal keeps your garbage out of sight in the ground, away from the cats, Be Ore ete aap ener eee. the best eet grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book dogs and typhoid fly. on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising, i . Hands never touch tells all about our Plants and bulbs. It’s FREE. preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more ee one sample brick will OSS UST. Se cy a be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer. Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. "Se Underground Garbage ©) . Pic sre puENS On mises and Refuse Receivers wear ware A Fireproof, sanitary disposal for oily waste and sweepings in your garage. Qur Underground Earth Closet means freedom from polluted water. Sold Direct. Send for Catalogue. Beware of Imitations. Inusetoyrs. It pays to look us up. Thousands of Users. Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 40 Farrar &t., Lynn, Mass. Pot Grown Vines and Perennials For Summer Planting ) Private Water. Supply Plants — Private Electric Light Plants © ) Sewage Disposal Plants .— Gasoline’ Storage Tanks and Pumps Home Power Plants: .Gasoline Engines — Pumping Machinery « Catalogue with complete list of varieties mailed on request / Bulletin, on Any Outfit Sent on Request KEWANEE WATER sUPP COMPANY: New York City =. Kewanee, Al ‘ | Chicago R. & J. FARQUHAR & COMPANY 8 South Market Street Boston, Mass. The Readers’ Service gives information about real estate 308 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE June, 1914) DOM LT Pu i “SN Sere ay “Ss TAM UHURU ONDROUS flowers may be had from Autumn-sown seed. Of course you cannot sow every kind of seed late in the year, but there are certain va- rieties that bear flowers even more profusely, and on far stur- dier plants, when started from July to September. The Aquilegias, for instance —the Campanulas, the Forget- me-nots—the Foxgloves—the Poppies. Numerous others, too. OMT OATMEAL ET Our Autumn Bulb Catalog, issued in August, contains all these and many others. Write us to put your name down for a copy NOW. J. M. THORBURN & CO. Established 1802 53 B Barclay Street - - New York TM NL MM MOTT yc LETT TATTLE AEH AHN muna aM ATE LTTE TTT TTT TOTO TAMA TTATTETMETHE IN ANAMANTMAIAALOUNATNTRANENRANTANTLN SOM TT SAMMUT NT Mere MMMM A Beautiful Lawn Insure a velvety, green, all-summer Jawn; also double the yield of the garden and produce better vegetables by feeding the soil with SHEEP’S HEAD SHEEP MANURE Growing things must be fed to secure re- sults — throughout the entire growing season. Sheep’s Head isrichin nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Pulverized, ready to apply. Will show quick results on flower beds, shrubbery and orchard. Two too lb. bags, $4 freight prepaid east of the Missouri River. Send for folder. NATURAL GUANO COMPANY 803 River Street, Aurora, Illinois A Few Suggestions NIA plants are in bloom now and, especially those that continue to flower for a long time, require attention. Cut off any old blossoms as soon as they become faded; put them in a basket as they are cut so as to keep the beds clean. Most of the climbing roses are about through flowering; they, too, need to have the old blossoms trimmed off. See that the branches are properly trained against their support. If necessary, prune back some of the more ambitious new shoots, and fasten them against the supports by looping a piece of heavy cloth loosely around the stem and tacking it to the support. Other climbing plants may be treated in about the same way. Many of them will require thin- ning. With some climbers, especially roses, this pinching back now results in a heavy blooming in late summer and fall. This is the last chance for setting out asters and chrysanthemums. Roses may also be set out the first of this month. Young plants in pots secured from seedsmen will probably be in bloom, so be careful when moving from the pots not to break the ball of earth around the roots. It is not yet too late to sow seed of Centaurea imperialis, with flowers of brilliant rose, lavender, purple, white blue, etc. It is splendid for bedding, growing about two feet tall. If the seeds are sown now the blossoms will come late in the fall. Be sure to supply plenty of water. Centaurea Margarite may also be planted now. This is not quite so tall as C. imperialis, growing usually to about one and a half feet. The flowers resembie the white carnation. Seed of the Vernon begonia, planted this month, will grow into splendid bedding or border plants. The flowers are deep red and the foliage is a dark purple. These plants will need to be sown in a frame or box and transplanted after the plants are about three inches high. The mature plants grow to be eighteen inches tall. Even better than sowing seed is to purchase the plants from a seedsman. They cost about five dollars a hundred. You can multiply this begonia by dividing the roots. Small spaces about a home, where it is scarcely worth while to attempt a lawn, may be carpeted with verbena with a very pleasing effect. Strong, large plants, not cuttings, may be purchased from any seedsman. Put them in during June and they will grow rapidly and bloom continually. Verbena seed may be had in pink, blue, white, scarlet, purple and in mixed colors. Fill in with pentstemon any small plots of ground that are notin use. Plants cost about a dollar and a half a dozen. The pentstemon is a strong rival to the phlox and the petunia as a bedding plant, growing about two or three feet tall. The flowers resemble those of the foxglove, and may be had in blue, pink, scarlet, white. Gladiolus bulbs may be planted each month for a succession of bloom. There are a great many palms in California gardens, some of which have unattractive trunks. These may be covered with some climbing plant, for which purpose Bryonopsis may be recommended. It is a rapid growing annual that climbs to a height of ten feet. It produces an abundance of yellow flowers followed by green cherry-like fruits changing to red marbled with white. If you have an unsightly garden fence, plant close to it seeds of the scarlet runner bean, which has attractive foliage and sprays of scarlet, pea- like beans. This may be planted at any time from The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel AE OG or Ato 9 = Sich: An ivan Fence Will Last A Lifetime Tt is made of wrought iron—the toughest kind; the kind that will’ bend but won’t break. It is thoroughly anchored on heavy, non-rusting, cast iron bases. Such a fence made such a way, will stand a strong impact. Protected by this fence, your children can play around your grounds with perfect safety. Send for catalog. We likewise make combination wire and iron fences, tennis back stops, entrance gates, and so on. Send for Catalogs. cue SE 1120 East 24th St. Indianapolis, Ind. P] ished shipping, send to|’ anting plants until June Ist. Send Send for FLORICULTURE Ue oMoMoMeMoMenonoh fea NNER oMOK*KOH foKeKeXeKeKeX XB] \OOO GOO. If you wish to plant hardy |! a e perennials after the South- ern Nurseries have fin-|| Vermont and get plants|| and bulbs. We send out for Horsford’s Catalogue. Papen. H. HORSEORS | Horsford’s Catalog eee oe Complete Home Study Course in practical Floriculture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell University. [jf Course includes Greenhouse Construction and Management and the growing of Small Fruits and Vege- tables, as well as Flowers Under Glass. Personal Instruction. Expert Advice. 250 Page Catalogne Free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 11, Springfield, Mass. Prof. Craig East or West, North or South Large or small, expensive or cheap, wher- ever your property may be, you can reach a probable buyer through the Real Estate Department in COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA |}: The National Real Estate Medium F 11 West 32nd Street New York Mice, Roaches —quickly and easily FY exterminated. Nomixing, nomuss,no trouble,spreads itself—just press the tube. Clean, simple,sure. Useon | any bait. Keeps indefinite- | ly. 25c.and §r.00 tubes at | any druggist’s or direct from us prepaid. Money ! back if it doesn’t work. i The Rat Biscuit Co., 944 Limestone St.Springfd, 0. Song Birds Will Live in Your Garden My free illustrated booklet tells you how to attract and make friends ot native birds. I have hundreds in my gar- den every year. Don’t you want bluebirds, wrens, purple martins, flickers, etc., living near you ? Here in one garden—I ve drawn a circle about each—are five Dodson Bird Houses, one Sheltered F eeding Table and one Bird Bath. Hundreds of beautiful birds live in this garden. The houses in the photograph are— The Dodson Automatic Feeding Table for Birds. Price, with 8-foot pole, $6—all-copper roof, $7.50. Size, 24 X 22 X 12 inches. The Dodson Great-Crested Flycatcher House— Price, $3, with all-copper roof $4. Size 15 x 11 x 8 inches. The Dodson Bluebird House.— Solid oak, cypress shingle roof, copper coping, Price, $5. Size, 21 inches high, 16 inches in diameter. The Dodson Tree-Swallow House—Size 12'x 14 x 9 inches. Price, $3; with all-copper roof, $4. The Dodson Cement Bird Bath; 32 inches high, basin 34 inches in diameter. The Dodson Wren House—Solid oak, cypress shingle roof, copper coping. Price, $5. The Dodson Purple Martin House. Three stories; 26 rooms and attic. Over-all 44 x 37 x 3m inches. Price $12—with all-copper roof, $15. All pricesare f.o.b. Chicago. I have 20 different Houses, Feeding Tables, Shelters and Baths — all for native birds—prices, $1.50 to$70. Have been building Bird Houses for 18 years. . Get Rid of English Sparrows They are enemies of our native birds. Set out a Dodson Sparrow Trap. The Dodson Sparrow Traps are catching thousands of Sparrows all over America. Get one; banish the pest that drives away song birds. The Dodson Sparrow Trap is of strong wire, electrically welded, needle points at months of two funnels. Price $5 f.o.b. Chieugo. If there is any question you want to ask about attract- ing and helping our native birds write to me. Iam glad to help any one who loves the birds. JOSEPH H. DODSON 709 Security Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Mr. Dodson is a Director of the Illinois Audubon Society. First-Class Garden Tools This quality trowel is made to last for years, and to give service at its best. The blade is made from highest grade crucible steel one-sixteenth of an inch thick. The blade, shank and socket are forged from one solid piece. The maple handle is fastened tostay with @ a steel rivet. KEEN KUTTER Garden Tools ae | it HG Auk DEN MAGAZINE 309 This deli summer house ‘complete for *50 ' (Freight prepaid East of Missouri River) A breezy retreat from the summer’s heat What a lot of enjoyment you F4 could take with this magnificent sum- mer Cottage, were it on your lawn or in your garden. What a cool, refreshing spot it would make for reading, sewing or entertaining on warm summer days. What beauty, charm and distinction it would add to your property! For only $50, you can have it—for a small, additional investment you can have seats, swings, chairs, pergolas, fences—in fact, rustic work of all kinds—turn- ing your yard into delightful “‘grounds.’? Decide now to invest in some Old Hickory Furniture and Rustic Work You can order this magnificent summer cottage right from this advertisement. We ship it for $50, freight prepaid, to all points east of the Missouri River, satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Each piece is numbered. Any carpenter can put the building together, following the blue print, in two hours. Old Hickory is the highest quality rustic work to be had. We are the largest designers and builders of this kind of work in the world. All of our rustic work is built from saplings of durable sassafras, with the rustic bark left on. Get the catalog. It tells the whole story. : Wealso makeover 100 different pieces of famous Old Hickory Furniture for porch, yard and bungalow. This substantial and charming furniture is made of sturdy hickory, with the natural bark left on. Theseatsand backs are woven strips of inner bark. It’s the logical outdoor furniture—you can’t break or injure it—it lasts forever. Send today for catalog of furniture and rustic work It tells all about Old Hickory rustic work and Old Hickory Fumiture. Tells of our care in selecting the materials so that long durability is assured. You'll be surprised to find how inexpensive this finest of rustic furniture and rustic work is. The group shownin the lower right hand corner—of two chairs, settee and “‘catch-all’’—complete for $26.75—is a good exam- ple of Old Hickory economy. Write for book today. Free “catch-all” or doll set, if you order within 30 days Don’t miss this great offer. The “‘catch-all” for books, magazines and anything you want to keep handy is a great convenience. The doll furnitureisthe cutest and strongest dollfurniture you ever saw. Practically unbreakable. Either dollset or “‘catch-all’’ are free to you, ifyou order within 30 days, the group of Old Hickory Furniture illustrated or the summer house. The Old Hickory Furniture Co. 417 So. Cherry Street Martinsville, Ind. _—— SS “COLONIAL SWELL” BRICK $ro.co a thousand delivered on the cars Glen Head, L. I. Beautiful brick with black headers. For particulars write to W. & J. POST, GLEN HEAD, L. I.,.N. Y. A Million Readers for War and Waste. “T want a million people to know that it costs as much to build a battleship as auniversity. Then maybe a lucid in- terval will interpose itself amidst our militarist mania.”— Bouck W hite. War and Waste, by David Starr Jordan. Nei, $1.25. ec Price $0.75 No. K04 with Bent Neck Price $0.75 are right in quality always and made with infinite pains. This light garden set is fine for use by women who work in their own gardens. It is all that you could ask in garden tool goodness. Ask to have it shown to you. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet, No. 1646 If not at your dealer’s, write us. SIMMONS HARDWARE CO. 7 §t. Louis, U. S. A. Until July 25th we take advance orders ORDER ae DOTCHOBULBS . CoT0us Darwin NOW Fine Tulips, Narcissi, Hyacinths, etc. Nurseries also at Best Varieties at Moderate Prices Sassenheim, Holland Franken Brothers emma EW RUTTER YOU NEED OUR CATALOGUE Deerfield, Ill. The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles 310 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 — oosts . o3 ‘eo STH LS sete eeeteces A Fence For a Lifetime OSTS and wire heavily galvanized. Won’t get out of line. Wire mesh won’t sag. The close mesh and barb wire over- hang stops climbers. A sure protec- tion to Estate boundary lines, orchards, etc., against intrusion. Our general catalog shows wire and iron fences for every place and purpose. What kind of a fence do you need? American Fence Construction Co. 92 Church Street, New York City ) LL Add Charm to Your~ Garden and be a Source of 3 Continual Delight Le Even the Smallest “~ Gardenis Incomplete og without a Sun Dial.Gazing Globe or Bird-Font Terraces.Porches and Cozy Nooks can be attract wely Furmshed with TerraGotta Tables and Benches while Artistic Flower Pots and Vases will En= hance the Beauty of your Plants Our Catalogue which wall be Sent | upon requestis full of Suggestions for Beautifying the Gardenw | Gatoway TERRA CITA ©. 3214 WALNUT ST PHILADELPHIA. “Scalecide” “Scatecipe” at $25 per barrel is cheaper than Saves Money Lime Sulphur at $6, be- cause 3% bbls. of L. S. will cost $20, plus $22.50 to apply, or $42.50. One barrel of “ScALECDE” will spray Just as many trees, and spray them better, and will cost only $25, plus $12 to apply. You save $5.50 and get a better protection against San Jose Scale, Leaf Roller and all pests con- trolable in dormant season. Write for booklet—‘ ‘ScaLEcmpr’ the Tree Saver.” B.G. Pratt Co., Dept. 1, 50 Church St., N. Y. City. FOR FLOWERS B O R A AND VEGETABLES Thousands endorse BONORA. Order it now froin your seed house or direct. Greatest fertilizer in the world. Results = wonderful. BONORA will make your J EGE RES TO flowers and vegetables grow and bloom PLANT FO()) |] throughout the season. If you have not < < i d = ———ae used it try it. Write for descriptive cir- cular. Marvelous results. Endorsed by Luther Burbank, John Lewis Childs, Dingee & Conard, etc. i Put up in dry form: 12 oz. enough to make 21 gal. postpaid 5oc Silene uel tih a BEKO “ BDsas 1o lbs. ** 50 lbs. by freight 100 lbs. by freight Bonora CuemicaL CO. 584 Broaowar. New YORK CA YUM LI WU VM, J be Bonora Chemical Company 615-517 Broadway, New York March to August, and is excellent for screening unsightly but necessary garden adjuncts. Not especially beautiful but rather odd is the castor bean, with its large, handsome leaves. One or two plants of the castor bean often fill in a narrow corner. The seeds may be sown this month. About the most universally grown of all the plants in California is the geranium or pelargonium. Geraniums are to be had in three distinct types. Lady Washington is the show type; some of the best varieties arranged according to color are given herewith. Carmine: Adelia Brandt, Princess Maud, Presi- dent Taft. White: Bride of Lammermoor, Mrs. Robert Sandiford, Zella de Lusson, Champion. Pink: Countess, Franciscana, Countess of Crew, Lady Primrose, Maud Hooper, Rose Queen. Crimson: Crimson King, Lord Dumpose, Radi- ance, Captain Raikes, Victor, Dr. Masters, Duke of Albany. The ivy-leaved geraniums are especially desir- able for climbing. ‘They cling almost as vigorously as some of the vines and are covered from top to bottom with continuous bloom. The following varieties are recommended: Red: Guy Lewis, Sabrina. White: Joan d’Arc. Pink: Mad. Thibaut, Ryecroft Surprise, Charles Turner. . The smaller growing geraniums are grouped into a class known as zonal. These grow three to six feet tall, and may be used separately or with other flowers in the making of beds. They are also very desirable for cutting. They are especially pleasing when planted against a background of dusty miller (Centaurea candidissima). The fol- lowing are good varieties: Red: General Grant, John Forbes, La Pilot, S. A. Nutt. Pink: Jean Viaud, Madame Landry, Cerise: Gertrude Pearson, Mrs. Gladstone. White: Mrs. Gaer, The Swan. Place the young plants in the greenhouse in the shade and keep them well watered. When they have developed four leaves, transplant into flats giving them more room, about two inches each way. Select the most pleasing of the tuberous rooted begonias and propagate from these, using a small pot foreach cutting, filling it to the brim with leafmold. Make a hole in the center, in- sert the slip and then fill the hole with silver sand. Wet the soil and put the pots close together in a place where they will receive bottom heat. This begonia requires a temperature of about 80 de- grees to develop to its best. Santa Rosa. Joun Y. Beaty. A Busy Month in the South A LATE crop of annuals, such as marigold, nasturtium, cosmos, aster, and poppy, may be sown now. They will require plenty of moisture in the soil. Another planting of gladiolus must be made during the month, for flowers during August. Plenty of moisture is also their most important requirement at this time of the year. Gladiolus bulbs are very cheap in comparison with the beauti- ful floral display they make. Cut the flower spikes when the first buds open; the other buds will open in water in the house and the spikes will last longer. Remember to get large sized bulbs. It is not yet too late to plant chrysanthemums, pot grown rose plants, cannas, dahlias; but they should be put into the ground as soon as possible. The dahlias that were planted early in the spring may need staking now. Use soft cloth strips for tying them so as not to bruise the stalk. Sow geranium seed any time during the month in a half shady place. Keep it well moistened and it is best to put a shading cover, such as a piece of glass, overit. To grow plants from seed is much more trouble than to propagate from cuttings, but there is always the possibility of getting something new and of real value. : Carnation plants can be set out, and seed of the Marguerite type sown for flowers in the fall. Give them a rich soil and plenty of moisture for big flowers. Sow cucumbers and beans and set out cauliflower plants to use for pickling. ae We have issued a Very Interesting Catalogue on “PERGOLAS” AND GARDEN ACCESSORIES showing a series of new designs; can be had free on request. Catalogue ‘"H 28”" for Pergolas and Columns for Pergolas. Catalogue ““H 40” for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns. Hartmann -Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT STAVE COLUMN Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or | oy aN Interior Use Main Office and Factory: Pacific Coast Factory A. J. Koll Plg. Mill Co., Los Angeles, Cal. ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. Ant. Roozen & Sen BULBGROWERS Eastern Office: OVERVEEN HOLLAND 6 East 39th St, New York City Near Haarlem The catalogue will be mailed Our prices include duty and all free on application. expenses as far as New-York City or Montreal. Make The Farm Pay Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture, Morti- enlture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, Forestry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. Craig of Cornell University and other eminent teachers. Over one hundred Home Study Courses under able professors in leading colleges. 250 page catalog free. Write to-day THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 8, Springfield, Mass. “POM EST] "ENGINE & PUMP Here’s an efficient and effective pump and engine that’s especially adapted for shallow wells. Cylinder is double acting. Valves are bronze balls with bronze cages, easily removed. Engine will runcreamsep- 2 Catalogue arator, churn, etc. Pump capacity No. 14 Wus- trates and describes other types of engines and pumps. Sent free. Prof. Brooks 385 gallons an hour, 125 lbs. pressure. Just 5 ¥ the engine an : pump for the suburbanite andfarmer @ Domestic Engine and Pump Co. Box 525 Ship- pensburg, Pa. The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories JuNE, 1914 QEEEEBREERIG POSITIVE CAP ATTACHMENT Health Side of Kelsey Heat This is the fresh air age. It’s also the age of comforts. One means better health; the other greater contentment. Combine plenty of fresh air with suf- ficient warmth and you have a healthful comfortable heat. Just such a heat is Kelsey heat. It both heats and ventilates at the same time. Its economy over other heating sys- tems we can prove. This advertisement we hope will prompt you to ask for facts, figures and catalog. WARM AIR GENERATOR | 2"? 232 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y. Dealers in all Principal Cities ParkAve, THE MODEL SUPPORT FOR Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums Dahlias and Carnations ie] Over 3,000,000 in Use Write for catalogue on Lawn and Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards, Trellis and other garden specialties “‘For sale by all the leading seed houses’”’ IGOE BROTHERS WDD S dia SSD Sio SSS SS SESE SS SESS ESSE W % Diamond Brand Compost MA WELL ROTTED ” vy HORSE MANURE v 4 Dried—Ground—Odorless v W Your plants, vegetables and flowers need nourishment WW Y during the entire growing season. ur Diamond Brand W ’ Compost being concentrated is immediately available. 4\ Largely Humus—No weed seeds. No refuse. It 4S 4 becomes part of the soil. UN Y ing moisture holding, will keep your lawns green 4 4 during the Summer. AN a Put up in bags of 100 lbs. a a Write for Circular ““C”’ and prices ay a NEW YORK STABLE MANURE COMPANY y. 273 Washington St., Jersey City, N. J. oN MSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SCE CEES SSSEEESS THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 311 Romances of Modern Business CHAPTER VI The Making of a Cleanly Nation Forty years ago there were few houses, how- ever luxurious, that boasted ordinary bathing facilities. Today the humble home of the mechanic or laborer has its comfortable and sanitary bathroom. Wesee sanitary products everywhere in our daily life. These fixtures have removed dangers of infection and made for sanitation in the home, the factory, and public place. This result has been largely brought about by the crusade for cleanly living advanced in the campaign of educational advertising in the national periodicals by the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company. Within the year after the first advertisement ap- peared, the factory trebled its output and the expansion continued year after year. The original plant occupied two-thirds of an acre of ground, with buildings containing sixty thousand square feet of floor space. Today the “Standard” factories cover sixty acres, with buildings having nearly three and a half million square feet of floor space. There have been sold over three million “Standard” baths, a like number of lavatories and not less than ten million miscellaneous sanitary fixtures. The combined daily capa- city of the factories is two thousand each of tubs, lavatories, and sinks, in addition to a large output of miscellaneous fixtures. The great demand for these goods has been created by magazine advertising. The large distri- bution made it possible for the manufacturers to reduce the prices of their products, placing them within reach of every builder. Eleven years after the advertising campaign in the national periodicals began, the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company was incor- porated with a capital of five million dollars, which was later doubled. The educational campaign carried on by the Standard Company in the national periodicals, appealing for cleanliness in the homes and in public and business buildings, has been a whip and a stimulus to the nation. “Much of the sanitary progress of this country,” said Mr. E. F. Gregg, manager of publicity for the Standard Company, “during the past fourteen years, including that of Na- tional, State, and municipal boards of health and private organizations, has been influenced by the educational work carried on by the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company during the past twenty-five years. “This company based its publicity on human appeal, behind which was human necessity. It sold cleanliness and sanitation. We edu- cated the public through our magazine adver- tising and feel that our work has been well done. Our advertising has been confined al- most entirely to the magazines and weeklies. We feel that this advertising has been a great factor in the success of this business. It created so great an impression on the public mind that thousands of plumbers have adver- tised our goods locally at their own expense.” The national periodicals have reason to be proud of their part in the campaign of publi- city that established a new era in the sanitary principles of living. As the media of expres- sion they contributed their own force as public educators in driving home the theories which these manufacturers were striving to im- press upon the public consciousness. The re- sult has been a happy one. The nation indeed has been made cleanly. And the pioneer and foremost workers to this end have been re- warded with an enormous business. The writer of this series of stories has been impressed with the far-reaching benefit the ” public has derived from the periodicals of na- tional circulation. Such publications through their advertising pages alone have contributed abundantly to the progress of the time. From all parts of the country have come re- markable stories of achievements through na- tional periodical advertising. Many of them are written large in the business annals of the nation. They reflect on economic and intellec- tualadvance. They illustrate the commercial and educational force of magazine advertising. This is the sixth of a series of articles that is being published to show how magazine advertising is serving the public.—Doubleday, Page & Co. e Publishes helpful books )| tmore ursery describing Trees, Flower- ing Shrubs, Hardy Gar- den Flowers, Irises and Roses. ‘Tell us about your intended plant- ings, so that we may send you the proper literature. Write today. BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1762, Biltmore, North Carolina SLUG-SHOT USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 29 YEARS ARE NOW the MOST DAHLIAS fia S88 FLOWER! Easy to grow in the ordinary garden! CHEAP in price, magnificent colorings. Newest Up-to-date PRIZE VARIETIES. CATALOGUE FREE. Geo. L. Stiliman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R.I., Box C-4 SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AimWERICA Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees, and Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to B. HAMMOND, City of Beacon, New York TRADE MARK The Readers’ Service gives information about investments THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JUNE, 1914 Life Assurance For Your Trees Give them a fair chance You insure your house against de- struction—you should assure your trees of a fair chance to live and beautify your home. Under-the-bark decay and insect pests are sapping the vitality of many of your finest trees. Some may be so unsound that the next storm will snap them off or break *.| them apart. | Stop this destruction at once. Let the Davey Tree Surgeons save your trees. Write for beautiful book giving details of the work of genuine Davey Tree Surgeons, the only kind good enough for the U. S. Government. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., INC. 622 Elm St., Kent, Ohio JOMN OAVEY Faber at % BARTON’S LAWN TRIMMER TAKES THE PLACE OF SICKLZ AND | SHEARS—NO STOOPING DOWN SAVES 909% OF TEDIOUS LABOR 4 Cuts where lawn mower will not, up in corners, along stone-walls, fences, shrubbery, LY tomb-stones, etc. 2 It is simple in construction f\ and made to endure. Makes a cut 7 inches wide. Price only $3.75 each. Send Money Order to E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa. | and Piazzas Ideal Combination of Blind and Awning. Very easily operated; slatsopen and close to admit air yet " exclude sun rays; can be pulled up out of sight if desired. Adds unique architectural distinction. For illustrated Booklet speci/y - Venetian 4 SSE SSS SSS IP Jas.G.Wilson Mfg. Co. 3to7 West 29th. St.New York Patentee and Manufacturer of Inside and Out- side Venetians, Piazza, Porch and Veranda Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Hygienic Wardrobes, Wood Block Floors, Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Curtains, Stake tomatoes and running beans, if on rich soil, using stout poles. Seed of tomatoes may be sown now for a fall crop. Both watermelons and muskmelons will begin to ripen now, but unless you want seed do not let them stay on the vine until they become over ripe. Also keep all “culls” picked from the vines and they will bear longer. Celery seed may be sown now for late crop. Cover it very shallowly, and be sure to keep the seed bed moist and partly shaded. Transplant to damp soil, and give frequent watering to the grow- ing crop. The sweet potato makes a good crop when planted at this time of the year, so if you have not already put out some plants do not think it is too late to do so. In Florida it may be planted as late as August. Bush lima beans may also be planted; and in Florida and South Texas it is not too late to plant running limas for a good crop. Okra may also be planted. It does best on very rich soil, or freshly cleared land. It is excellent as a soup flavoring and can also be dried or canned for use during the winter. After strawberries have finished bearing, give them a thorough cultivation and keep the runners cut unless you want to have the rows matted. It is now a good time to bud fruit trees and rose bushes, and all other trees and shrubs that you want to treat in this manner. Do not allow any culls or rotting fruit to lay around in the orchard. The quicker you get them out and turn them over to the hogs the better it will be for both man and beast! Another important job is to keep the orchards free from grass and weeds, especially the latter. Cow peas and peanuts are good crops to plant be- tween the trees. FARM CROPS Oats, rye, and wheat will be ready for harvesting during the month. Cow peas for hay are usually sown after oats and wheat, and if the soil should be infected with wilt or black root disease, use iron cow peas, corn, or sorghum cane. The Spanish peanut is also a good crop to follow grain, and it is not subject to disease. Tennessee Red Bush will also make a good crop after grain in South Georgia and Florida. This variety re- quires red land or lime in sandy soil in order to produce well filled pods. Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. When the Rose Bugs Eat Grape Flowers VA HERE grapes are grown on sandy land the rose chafer is a serious menace because, in a few hours, this pest will eat the blossoms and de- stroy all chances of a grape crop. Such a catas- trophe may be avoided, however, by spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate of five pounds in fifty gallons of water, to which two quarts of molasses or twelve and one half pounds of glucose are added. The rose chafer may be expected to appear ready for work at just about the time the Concord grapes come into bloom. In northwestern Pennsylvania this is usually about June 2zoth. Just before this, very thoroughly cover the vines with the spray mentioned. When the rose chafer appears in June and feeds, mating commences and continues during the feed- ing season. The female bores into the soil and deposits the eggs. These hatch early in August and the resulting larve feed on the roots of the grasses until November, when they bore down into the soil for about a foot and make larval chambers in which to pass the winter. In April, when the ground begins to warm up, they leave these cham- bers, coming up to feed on grass roots or other available food until the latter part of May, when they again form cells in which to pupate. This pupal stage lasts from three to four weeks, after which the adult comes out to feed. If the ground is kept thoroughly cultivated during this time, so that these cells are broken up, very effective work can be done to control this bane of grape and rose growers. ‘ Pennsylvania. HaARoLp CLARKE. The Readers’ Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock Like a clean china dish Superb Porcelain Lined—the delight of every woman’s heart—the pride of every housekeeper. Here’s that famous Refrigerator with the seamless, scratchless, dish- like lining, the genuine Leonard Cleanable Don’t confuse this wonderful sanitary lining with paint or enamel. I will mail you—free—a sample of Leonard Porcelain that will quickly show you the difference. You can’t scratch it even with a knife. It’s everlasting—easily kept beautifully sweet and clean. You’ll never be satisfied with anything but a Leonard Cleanable-porcelain-lined, or like the one illustrated, porcelain inside and out. Can be arranged for outside icing and water cooler. SO Styles—$15 up—Freight Paid To Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. I take the risk. Send for cata- log today. Money returned if you are not perfectly satisfied. Ask for sample of porcelain and I'll mail my booklet, © Care of Refrig- erators.’? Every woman should have a copy of this valuable book. Cc. H. LEONARD, President, Grand Rapids Refrigerator Co. 136 Clyde Park Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. (1) C. G. van Tubergen, Jr. | Haarlem, Holland Grower of Choice Bulbs E. J. KRUG, Sole Agent 114 Broad St., New York Formerly represented by C. C. Abel & Co. Bulbs imported direct from Holland for customers. No supply kept here. Catalogue quoting prices in Nurser- ies in Haarlem—free on application. THE TRINIDAD-LAKE-ASPHALT Ready | makes all your buildings lastingly weatherproof. The natural oils of this asphalt give it life. The KANT-LEAK KLEET makes seams weatheér-tight. Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book. The. Barber Asphalt Paving Company Largest producers in the world of as- phalt and ready roofing. Philadelphia New York San Francisco Chicago Jone, 1914 iH hp wiGgak. D EN Xie ; 3 we Saat a June, The Month to Visit Our Nursery. UR four acres of Rhododendrons in their glory of color will be in bloom. New shrubs with which you should be acquainted, will be at their height. The Hardy Flowers such as Iris, Columbine and numerous others will be decked in garbs of yellow, blue, pink and white. To see such a sight is both a treat and an educatior. It gives youa chance to compare plantings and see heights and colors. It’s nature’s own catalog free from long \istings and inadequate descriptions. While here, you can select some evergreens for August or September planting and pick out shade trees for October. Big or little— we have them. Run down in your auto—we are on the direct road to the Meadowbrook Hunt Club where the International Polo Matches will be played during June. Our Booklet and catalog you are always welcome to. cks frees: Saac Hicks & Son Westbury_, Long Island Fully Matured Narcissus and Tulip Bulbs For Summer Delivery ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS Carthage, Mo. Send for price list - SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN (18 Miles from Philadelphia) Regular two-year course begins Sep- »=qeog==puar tember 1914. Practical and theoretical + training in the growing of fruits, veg- etablesand flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Land- scape Gardening. Constant demand for trained women to fill salaried posi- tions. Write for Catalogue. Jessie T. Morgan, Director Ambler, Pa. a SOAP NOS 4 Dept. of Agriculture. A FRE Our valuable book on Tree and 3S Plant Diseases. Write for it today. JAMES GOOD, iz. Save the Trees riy, etc. by spraying your rece ith fi ‘ x GOOD SéorassFISH OIL Water turned on; joint is water also gives reliable information regarding Hardy 4 tight. Quickly slipped on and ; Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Hardy Flower- ing Plants for every purpose. Send for a copy. Ss Sy off the faucet. Hose always at- tached to the reel. The Easy Way to Use a Hose Saves its cost in hose each year, not to We solicit correspondence relative to any planting problem mention its convenience. Ask your hardware dealer to show you or write for booklet ‘‘Useful things for Lawn.” Specialty Mfg. Co., 1051 Raymond Ave. St. Paul oT i aE PE \ A \ THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES CO. | \\ ra KW DEPT. H, BEDFORD, MASS. Che Splendor of GZncient Denice Who has not longed to see for himself the wonderful old city—‘“‘The Queen of the Adriatic’”—even as she is today? How much more entertaining must she have been in the days of her glory — graceful gondolas plying lazily about the network of the placid waterways, carrying romantic swains to wait upon charming ladies in their gorgeous palaces — walls, floors and balconies hung with the priceless products of Oriental looms. Since the beginning of time the possession of Oriental Rugs has been the Hall-mark of the highest and most luxurious periods of civiliza- tion of every nation: The beauty of Oriental design and color is undying, but no longer can the genuine antique be found save in museums and private collections, and alas for the deterioration of fabric and dye in the modern product and the lamentable lack of any system of standardization of value. GAhittall Wigs Are made from the self-same Eastern wools and have preserved every beauty and tradition of symbolic design and coloring of the most perfect antique—but Whittall Quality is Standard — Whittall Price ‘is Standard and Whittall Fabrics are manufactured under strictly hygienic conditions. Our booklet “Oriental Art in Whittall Rugs” will tell you all about Whittall fabrics and their artistic possibilities. M LJ. VV ae Poh Wee Dept. G Wr Ou RUG. BS abt 2 SS sae O il tS) (S510) ae is THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK } 4 ¢ { @ HALT ll Vou. XIX, No. 6 AUN Ge, Slee! 15 Cents a Copy | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE are NE K pN FAC: WW ay — SSS S== ——= | FR | LAA art & a BRA i Sr -4& Le) Z S ‘ hz SUSU eS ro E€ COUNTRY LIFE fae DOUBEEDAY, PAGE & CO. G) THE WORLD'S IN AMERICA Chicago G/MRIDIEIN GIA IN, Ye New York ee WORK ARTISTIC ENTRANCE GATE (ACE ONE of our specialties. In them we aim to produce a combination of dignity, utility and beauty. How well we succeed is shown by the above photograph. No matter what YOUR fencing problem may be—town or country house, church, school or factory grounds—our line of iron fence and gates, both plain and ornamental, will meet every requirement. . y } : We will gladly co-operate with you in selecting something suitable for your purpose, submitting designs and estimates without charge. Our latest catalog mailed on request. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. “The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Works”’ Department “D7” CINCINNATI, OHIO Tron Vases, Settees, Garden and Drinking-Fountains, Iron Statuary, Stable Fittings, Lamp Standards, Lanterns and Wire Fence, etc. Bulletins from My Garden Doctor By FRANCES DUNCAN Doubleday Page &Co One of Its Readers Says: I heard the story read aloud, and I have been “poking around” in it until my impression is strong that it is a “bully” book ! I believe I would gladly have neurasthenia “ and the rest” if [could goback to that placewith a Clarky to mend me with the seed planting, the bird songs and all the country things, including the rain-washed and sun dried air ““as sweet as a new washed baby.” But the irresistible feature of the Book is the twinkling allusions to things long known to all who have suffered and enjoyed the simple life on a New England farm or in a little village ‘““down in Maine.” Pruning the lilac bush, the cud-chewing cow, the woodpecker’s likeness to the “thumping osteopath,” and a hundred other homely things, along with accur- ate information about trees, flowers, birds, clouds, woodchucks and fireless cookers, make of My Garden Doctor a friend, a teacher and a lovable companion. EDWARD A. ABBOTT Net $1.00 Many peoplecannot get books. If therets no bookstore near you, we shall be glad to send books by Parcel Post on approval. Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. LMdddddddddddddddddddddddaaddddddddddddddddddaaide Ny N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NS N NY N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NY An Attractive Fence That Defies Rust Consider beauty, permanence and protection when selecting a fence. Let it be strong and ngid and, above all, “Rust Proof.” a CELSI RUST PROOF fences alone meet these requirements. They are made to last and cannot be pulled apart. Patent clamped joints prevent wires from slipping or twisting out of position. The finished fabric is dipped into molten zinc, which covers every particle with a thick coating of rust-resisting metal. Excelsior Rust Proof Fences withstand the most severe weather conditions, and are 100% value in beauty, strength and service. Ask your hardware dealer for Excelsior Rust Proof Fences, Trellises, Trellis Arches, Bed Guards and Tree Guards. Wnite for beautifully illustrated catalog B. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. NULL LL LLL LLL LLL LLL! ALLL de This is Included Free With Your Subscription Do you realize that you are entitled as a Country Life in America reader to the free use of a valuable, efficient service? That you may understand what is offered we have made for you a Free Booklet It describes our plan for helping you with Investments, Insurance, Office Appliances, Building, Real Estate, Horticulture, Livestock, Dogs, Poul- thy, auc) ie tact all mEehesomiojecrs covered by our different magazines. It is yours for the asking. Write for a copy to the Readers’ Service Department Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. Scanning Z LiLididdddididddddddde SLILLLLLLLLLLLILLLLULELLLLILLLLALLILLL ALLL LILLIE LLLE LLL U LL ULLLL ULLAL ELLE L LLL LLLLL LLL LLLL ALLL LLL LLLL LLL SLUT LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLSLLL ELLE SELL ELE LLL TELL ELLLL SEES EE Uf? whee 1914 ww y , our fields in Holland- We do not merely SELL Holland Bulbs; we GROW them We have cared for them for several years; we have watched them grow from tiny, small bulb- lets into big, solid, healthy mother bulbs, the kind you get. Care, infinite care, is bestowed upon them, until they are taken out of the ground for the last time to be cleaned, sorted, packed, labeled and sealed with our trade mark for your protection, to be finally sent across the broad Atlantic to your garden. Our system of selling direct to you cuts out the middleman’s profit, thus enabling us to give you this profit in the extra quality of the bulbs we send you. Free Delivery to Your Home is included in our catalog prices. Nothing more is to be paid by you. direct to your TA Ge ae le Di ON My ACG A'ZINE 319 Our descriptive catalog tells you how to care for our bulbs. Moreover, our Philadel- phia Manager, who is a native Hollander, places his fifteen years of Holland ex- perience in growing bulbs entirely at your disposal. Write to him today! would like to know about our bulbs! him send you that catalog! Ask him all you Make Be satisfied with none but the “ W. & K. Quality Dutch Bulbs.’’ They give better results! Gt. VAN WAVEREN & KRUIJFF 202 Walnut Place, Phila., Pa. JOHN VAN AALST garden! THIS COUPON Send it today. Get your copy, of this real If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service 320 THE GARD EN MG 7A Neh JuLuy,1914 Information about the selection or care of dogs, Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory ae apes INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarpDENn ——SS==[_—== Macazin_E, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York. poultry and live stock will be gladly given. | USE THE © HOWES Bird Baths Through the hot sum- mermonths when our songsters need great quantities of water The Howes Baths are the best and cheapest ones made No. 1. Twenty-four inches square.........-+.+-- $7 No. 0. Sixteen inches square..........--+.+ $5.00 THEY are made of the finest cypress wood lined with galvanized iron, trimmed with mouldings and brass corner braces and mounted on heavy oak’ pedestals with neatly trimmed base. Our baths make beautiful ornaments for the lawn or garden and they keep the birds with us all summer. j Order direct from this advertisement as these two, new beautiful styles are not in our catalogue. Send for fully illustrated booklet of the famous HOWES bird attractors. Maplewood Biological Laboratory Stamford, Connecticut Send for this FREE Book ‘About Dogs” and free sample of Austin’s Dog Bread. Learn the right way to care for and feed your pet. stins U0G° READ Austin’s Dog Bread, aided by this dog ency- clopedia, will result in a glossy coat, clear eyes, and sound muscle. His dogship will be kind and gentle at all seasons, and may even owe his life to the information contained in the chapter on “DOG’S DIS- EASES.” Write Today for Free Sample— please give your dealer’s name. AUSTIN DOG BREAD AND ANIMAL FOOD CO. 233 Marginal St. Chelsea, Mass. Ye preservative. in a good silo ?” OU buy only once in a lifetime if it is a ‘(Green Mountain.” All woodwork below roof is dipped in pure creosote oil Many other points of superiority described in handsome catalog, sent free. Also ask for free booklet in which Prof. Esten of Conn. Agricultural College answers such questions as, ‘‘What is Silage?” ‘‘Why is it the best Cow Feed?”’ ‘‘Why does it keep and not spoil Write today for Green Mountain literature. CREAMERY PACKAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 349 West Street, Rutland, Vermont A Million Readers for War and Waste “‘T want a million people to know that it costs as much to build a battleship as a university. Then maybe a lucid in- terval will interpose itself amidst our militarist mania.’’— Bouck White. War and Waste, by David Starr Jordan. Net, $1.25 ~ Hammond's i ©Cattle Comfort” Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants ‘Hammond's Cattle Comfort” Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Flies, Gnats and other pests. phlet on “Bugs and Blights” write to HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS, WILL MORE MONEY HELP ? As a member of our agency organization, securing subscribers for The World’s Work, Country Life in America and The Garden Magazine, you can increase your earnings — many are doing it. Send your name to the Circulation Dept. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York Trade Mark It is cheap and effective. For pam- City of Beacon, N. Y. Five-Section Poultry House— 10x50 it. Sanitary, durable, up-to-date—made of red cedar, clap- boarded outside, interior sheathed. Made in 10-ft sections, each fitted with roosts, nests and fountain. with canvas-covered frames. Open fronts, You can add sections at any _ First Section é $75.00 Additional Sections $60.00 Each showrooms | Hodgson Portable Poultry ‘Houses Send for catalogue. Visit our ROOM 311, 116 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS. § CRAFTSMAN BLDG., 6 EAST 39TH ST., NEW YORK No. 0 Colony Laying House— Fitted complete with nests, fountain for 12 hens and feed trough. Sanitary—easily clean- ed. One mancan easily care for several hundred birds. Nicely painted— set up in fifteen minutes. A comfortable year-round house. In stormy weath- er the run may be covered, giving a protected scratching room. Size, 10x 4ft., 5ft. high. $20- Address all correspondence to Boston The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deez, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. 55, Pheasantry and Game Park YARDLEY, PA. THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS that make a horse Wheeze, Roar, have Thick Wind or Choke-down, can be reduced with also any Bunch or Swelling. No : blister, no hair gone, and horse kept at work. Concentrated—only a few drops required at an ap- plication. $2 per bottle delivered. Book 3 K Free. W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. Hatch Winter Layers Now Young’s strain S. C. White Leghorns, over 200 eggs yearly each, 90% fertility guaranteed; eggs $1 per 15 post paid. $4 per 100, special feeding formula with each order, also Barred Rocks, White Wyandottes and R. I. Reds, 6 week chicks $3 a dozen, to week chicks $5 per dozen, ready in June, reserve them now. CEDAR CREST POULTRY YARDS, Masonville, N. J. Delight the children with a Shetland Pony —an urceasing source of pleas- ure, a safe and ideal playimate. Makes the child strong and j|.robust. Highest types here. Complete outfits. Satisfaction 4] guaranteed. Write for illus- trated catalogue. BELLE MEADE FARM Box 15 Markham, Va. There’s Money in Poultry Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to make poultry pay. Personal instruction. Expert advice. 2350 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 10, Springfield, Mass. Prof. Graham Have You Some Friends to whom this magazine would appeal? A very limited number of copies have been set aside for my use. Send me the names and I will mail sample copies—a prospectus of coming features and our best clubbing offers. We are anxious to extend the usefulness of the magazine — will you help ? Address W. H. EATON, Circulation Manager THE GARDEN MAGAZINE GARDEN CITY NEW YORK: Jory, 1914 2) THE eich Gili: DAHON Ee MisA:G AoZ ENE You'll Agree With Miede’ Persons What Two Youngsters Say You know kids well; evidently you have not forgotten the time when you were a boy yourself. There’s a lot about kids that never has been written, I guess. At least if it was, I never read it and I read lots. But the trouble is those that write don’t know and those that know aren’t in the writing game. The way I’ve figured it out is that the most of those writers, after getting old and grouchy sit down and write about kids as they think maybe we are, and it’s one bad job they make of us. It is much even for the author of “Monsieur Beaucaire’ and “The Gentleman from Indiana,” to prove himself in such a book of the Boy Absolute. For such a boy is “Penrod.” Mr. Tarkington has added another “Story of a Bad Boy”’ to a list which is always ready for lengthen- ing.—The New York World. A story of a real boy of this age as Tom Sawyer was real in his. All people who Bye been boys, or have boys, or know or care anything about boys should like this book.—Boston Globe. “Penrod” T. R. On the train for Washington READS PENROD By BOOTH TARKINGTON , i Fo é (Courtesy of Baltimore Sun.) That Booth Tarkington ought to be named Truth Cork- ington, for he certainly is a “Corker.” He certainly has got the goods on us Boys. Tell him to go right on and hit us some more. He makes Mark Twain look like a plugged nickel, or a last year’s crow’s nest. Only don’t let him forget to make these “new girls” stop gauging our dignity till we have to splash °em—-and get ourselves all over “‘pitch-in.” (?) All of these stories of a real human of the boy genre are now appearing in book form and the whole nation is deeply indebted to Mr. Booth Tark- ington. The stories have been said to rival Huck Finn. They rival no one. They are the headliners in a class of their own and a new personality has entered literature. In a few short months Penrod Schofield has become a national figure and Mr. Schofields all over the country will give their sons and heirs a little more tolerance and con- sideration.—The Central Press Associalion, Cleveland, O. C4 Aiki Piles “Penrod”’ devoted the most of his time to just being a boy, but he had an unusual number of ways of showing the subtle workings of his ingenious mind. A fine example of Mr. Tarkington’s versatility, for he shows in every line that he knows that boys must be taken as they are, and that there is always a way to the better part of a boy who is seemingly all bad. --Boston Globe. It is curious how quickly the news of a good book spreads. everybody is talking about Booth Tarkington’s boy stories 1 was probably the first thing T. R. read on his return, and they had a hard time getting him to put down his book and talk. Says the New York Times editorially: That Colonel Roosevelt, on a day crowded with so many activities as was Tues- day for him, should yet have found it necessary to fillin his time with reading, is illuminating as‘to his mental traits. The book into which he plunged when opportunity offered, and emerged when necessity compelled, was Mr. Tarkington’s “Penrod.” Perhaps he thought that he was getting exact information about boys, a not unimportant subject, from Mr. Tarkington’s amusing narrative. All the accredited critics seem to have taken the same view, and of course the critics must be right. Suddenly “Penrod” and and type analysis. “Penrod” is very like the boy you were at one time, the boy that I might have been had the gods of sex ruled differently —daring, mischievous, impulsive, quick tempered, swift to resent injustice, rude of tongue yet secretly heart-hungry for the sympathy and approbation so seldom be- stowed. Only a stone image could read wiser too. ~The Record Her ald, Chicago, Til. A real contribution of American literature from the standpoints of style One long laugh from beginning to end, interrupted iit men with thin and graying hair are threatening to become bores by recall- ing incidents in their own boyhood identical with ‘‘Penrod’s” own. “Pen- rod” is more than funny stories about the funny things that boys do. It shows you the inside of a boy, too; explains his inscrutable and unfathom- able nature, his mysterious ways, his joys and embarrassments, the things that enrage him, and what things make him vainglorious and proud.— The Globe and Commercial Advertiser, New York City. Really Illustrated by Gordon Grant. by an occasional sigh for the tragedies of childhood so seldom apparent to older people.—New York Morning Telegraph. Mr. Tarkington not only knows boys and the way they think and talk, but he has the ability to put these things down on paper as they seem to us in life. If any contemporary book can be called a classic, surely “Penrod” may be ranked among the immortals of American boy life in our literature.—New York Press. Net $1.25 Doubleday, Page & Company GARDEN CITY Many people cannot get books. NEW YORK near you, we shall be glad to send books on approval TTT If there is no bookstore 321 22 THE GARD EN YE ASG AGZaIaNew JuLty,1914 ‘THE: TALK: OF- THE -OFEIGES CONRAD “‘DEEP SEA”’ EDITION We are so much impressed ourselves with the beauty of the little leather edition of the works of Joseph Conrad which we are publish- ing that we are eager to have any bookloyers and admirers of Conrad see the books. They are bound in blue limp leather, of which the accompanying picture gives a very imperfect impression, and the price is $1.50 per volume — practically the price of an ordinary cloth bound book. For those who are interested in Conrad as a literary artist we are reprinting in pamphlet form the original preface to “The Nigger of the Narcissus” in which he gives his views on the art of writing. This will be sent to any one on request. Friends of Conrad will be glad to know that his sales go on increasing, and the number of Conrad admirers becomes larger every day. BOOKS BY PARCEL POST It is a great satisfaction to know that a large number of booklovers have availed themselves of our offer to send our books on approval by parcel post. During the last month the number of our customers and the amount of purchases has about doubled last year’s record. We feel quite sure that if we were able to get the ear of booklovers generally, we should do a vast business in this field, for the benefit “To business that we love we rise betime And go to ’t with delight.’.'—Antony and Cleopatra. of all concerned. If you want a book, send us a postal card, cut out the advertisement, or do whatever is most convenient to let us know that you want it; we will do the rest, and you can settle on monthly account. Some of our bookselling friends have felt that this plan of ours might be detrimental to their interests. We are glad to explain to them and to our customers that we are not seeking to take business away from the book- sellers: as a matter’ of fact, we shall not be satisfied until all our books are on sale in all the places, great and small, in this country where good books should be sold. But as matters are now regulated, there are tre- mendous areas where there are no booksellers. This has been proved by the correspondence which we are daily receiving, and we are eager to give these people the same facilities as readers who are in close touch with the city bookstore. The Wisconsin Library. Bulletin has just published a number devoted to the pleasure of book-buying. It calls attention to the legend over the Library at Thebes, ‘“ Mept- CINE FOR THE SOUL,” and we quote from the introduction to this Bulletin: “We as librarians believe that it is well for one to take a book from the library and in one or two weeks’ perusal appropriate as well as may be its contents. But it is better — far better — for one to make the book his own, not only by mastery of contents but by actual purchase. It is for us as book lovers to en- courage wise book buying. To an extent the character of the books bought and sold in a city reflects the character of the librarianship employed as well as does the nature of the books that circulate from the library.” “FEWER AND BETTER BOOKS”’ AGAIN It is interesting to note how the slogan “Rewer and Better Books,” which we have been industriously preaching for some time, is becoming a popular catchword among book- men. The talented gentleman so widely known as “F. P. A.,” who conducts the “Conning Tower” column in the New York Tribune, has been collecting another volume of his sprightly verses; and in his column has called upon contributors to suggest appro- priate titles. It was amusing to find one Tribune reader suggesting ‘“‘Fewer and Better Poems!” %, | repre Another outgrowth of the ‘‘Fewer and Better Books” movement is the Fabb Bulle- tins, which we are now issuing monthly to send to the trade. Any one interested in the book business will be glad to receive these bulletins. Shall we put your name on this mailing list? oh COUNTRY LIFE GARDENS About the time that this magazine appears, our peonies will be in full bloom. We pur- chased more than a year ago the Peony Society’s collection of about 300 named varieties, and the last of June we shall have about 10,000 blooms in the garden. THE NEW NATURE LIBRARY We have just received the new edition of “The Nature Library” on thin paper. The manufacture of this book has been a long, hard job. In the first place, we had to send to Germany for the paper, because we could not get just what we wanted anywhere else. This took some months, and to print all these 420 color plates and thousands of black and white illustrations took all of the winter. We are glad to say that the set is now finished and at the disposal of our customers at about half the former price. The seventeen volumes have been put in eight, and this time of the year is eminently the fitting time for the use of “‘The Nature Library.” Use the attached coupon for particulars. Messrs. DouBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. Garden City, New York. Please send me, all charges prepaid, for examination, the new edition of the New Nature Library in 8 volumes bound in fine cloth, stamped in gold, and enter my name to receive Country Life in America fora year. If books are not up to my expectations I will return them at your expense, otherwise I will send you the present reduced price at the rate of $3.00 per month until $31.50 for the cloth has been paid. ($41.50 for the # leather, at the rate of $4.00 a month. $51.50 for the full morocco, at the rate of ~ $5.00 a month.) (Cross out bindings not wanted) A discount of 5% is allowed for cash Jury,1914 Pee Desens Dahan IMA GrA'Z IN E 323 GAS G ASG AS, GS) ASG AS GB GE GS. GB G2 Ga BG. BB. BB GB ZG SSSSSSSS6ES 2OSSCSC6S8S6S8SS8 9286688 — Se IS Gee EN EN SR (G Te ary rg) Seeeenegae SS) Y) CAN) CY ey Ss BEA Mr & TONY GBY ¢ cy (Ge SY ne) ») A Greenhouse Doubles and Triples es The Joys of Horticulture eS NATURE gives most of us, at the best, scarcely three months of real garden- AS ing joys. For two months in the Spring, we are waiting for our gardens GPP) “to arrive.” For a month or two in the Fall, we are regretfully watching their S departure. And then come months of barren bleakness with only the reading of Cr horticultural books, and the perusing of alluring catalogs to solace us. GEE) But if you have a greenhouse—what a different aspect the whole thing takes. Ze Your garden becomes a perpetual one—regardless of time or season, rhyme Lf or reason. : arte” By ‘ : Gey Beside the flowers, fruits, and vegetables, you can have as you will; there ae : - es : ‘ aA is nothing like a greenhouse to smooth out the hurry-worries of life and keep B. % ‘ “ C5?) one in pleasurable harmony with things. Leastwise that’s what our a ‘ : RG gs) ‘ “hi : 2 customers say. ; 7 = a 5 - — CAS If it allseems good indeed to you, why don’t you have a glass enclosed (GRO) garden of your own—one of our greenhouses ? . FACTORIES 2 If you wish, we will take charge of the entire building of it for you, from the Zi G =) turning of the sod to the turning on of the heat in your completed garden plot. a Irvington, { a) Why don’t we talk it over—you and we. NEG (ASD Or at least get a start by sending for one of our booklets, called ‘‘Glass 5 z i (Ge Gardens —A Beep Into Thor Delights.” " SALES OFFICES — New York, 42nd St. Bldg. Boston, Tremont Bldg: Des Plaines, eS Philadelphia, Franklin Bank Bldg. Chicago, Rookery Bldg. Rochester, Il. AS Granite Bldg. Cleveland, Swetland Bldg. Toronto, 12 Queen Street East. (Gap { Cm SSooeeeoeeeoe | Gan es mL GS a Wawa we We a Ga GS GO GE GA GB SLOSS S SS SSS S88 SS SSS CSS SSC OOS 808 LAWN REQUISITES &<=27 GROW THEM RIGHT Lawn Mowers 2 : 25 You can by using Conard and Jones varie- Sprinklers i @ ties—known as The Best Roses for Amer- Garden Hose ie ica—and by following the cultural methods de- Lawn Rollers WEA scribed in our forty page catalog. Expert advice and description of our 360 varieties. Every rose lover should have this book. Yes, it’s free Box 24 The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. Descriptive catalogue free on application R. & J. FARQUHAR & CO. 8 South Market Street, Boston, Massachusetts Plant Lovett’s Pot-Grown Strawberries this Summer and have an abundance of big, red, luscious berries next June lam a pioneer in growing Pot Grown Strawberries. I have been growing them for 36 years. I offer properly grown plants of all the choice new and good old varieties—but by far the finest of all strawberries are the Van Fleet Hybrids, the Early Jersey Giant, Edmund Wilson and Late Jersey Giant : now being introduced by me. They yield enormously, have the delicious flavor of the wild strawberry, and are as large as small apples. These three varieties give a long season of fruit, from the earliest until the very latest. Write for my booklet, mailed free. It tells all | about the Van Fleet Hybrids, illustrates and describes a score or more of other KRELAGE’S DUTCH BULBS including the world-renowned novelties of their own raising (Darwin and Rembrandt tulips, etc.) are offered in their new catalog, sent free on request to Mr. J. A. deVeer, 100 William Street, New York, sole agent for the United States. fine varieties (including the best of the Everbearing Strawberries) and gives full cultural instructions. J. T. LOVETT Box 125 Little Silver, N. J. The Readers’ Service will give information about the latest automobile accessories Wael GN 16, JB) 19) IN Books of Fiction Worth Keeping AN AFFAIR OF STATE. By J. C. SNatru. A dramatic story of England in the clutch of a universal strike and the reins of power in the control of an ex-haberdasher and a brilliant duchess. Net $1.25, THE WIND BEFORE THE DAWN, By Det H. Muncer. Shall a married woman be absolutely dependent on her hus- band financially is the theme of this book. It is a tale of the Kansas plains grim but powerful. Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty. Net $1.35. Five Volumes by Joseph Conrad YOUTH. Three tales of the sea that are among the finest short stories of the English language. Net $1.35. LORD JIM. The story of a young seaman who dreamed of the day when he should face an emergency—and what happens when he does. Net $1.35. ROMANCE, witx Forp Mavox HvEFFER. A book of simon- pure adventure, which tells the story of an English boy caught in the plots of a Cuban pirate band, and his love fora beautiful Spanish girl. Tilustrated. Net $1.35. THE POINT OF HONOR. A humorous tale of the Napole- onic wars. Illustrated. Net $1.20. *TWIXT LAND AND SEA. Three stories of the sea and of the tropics — the two things about which Mr. Conrad writes so superbly. Net $1.25. THE BATTLE-GROUND, By ELLEN Grascow. “As a story of the Civil War — the ‘Battle-Ground’ stands alone.” — New York Times. Net $1.35. VIRGINIA, sy Etten Gtascow. A book of the woman question in its broadest bearing on home, husband and children. Net $1.35. THE RECORDING ANGEL, sy Corra Harris. A deli- ciously humorous story of life in a Georgia mountain village. Illustrated. Net $1.25. IN SEARCH OF A HUSBAND, By Corra Harris. The adventures of a girl who decides to marry for money, but who in the end capitulates to the dictates of her heart. Illus. Net $1.35. - BOB, SON OF BATTLE, By ALrrep OLLIVANT. A romantic story of shepherds and shepherds’ dogs in the North of Eng- land; it stamps Mr. Ollivant as an author of unusual force and originality. Illustrated. Net $1.35. Leather $1.60. Works of Permanent Interest that Should be on Every Bookshelf LETTERS TO UNKNOWN FRIENDS, py Lyman Azsorr. A book of sane, he!pful counsel in difficulties that we all face sooner or later. Net 60 cents. OUT OF THE DARK, by HELEN Ke ter. This remarkable writer gives her views on the higher education of women, blindness, and its prevention; education of the blind, and other questions. Frontispiece. Net $1.00. se G. M. 7-14 “A Bookshop at Your Door”’ The Parcel Post Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y. Gentlemen: Please send me the following books on : approval. If on examination I find the "= books satisfactory, I will pay the net = price plus postage; if not, I have the privilege to return. NET AY GipAeZ, NE Books You Want Delivered at Your Door Without Payment The Parcel Post Does It No hamlet so small-—-no city so large that the Parcel Post does not cover it. Here is a list of books from the Country Life Press selected for Garden Magazine Readers which will come direct to your door, wherever you live with- out charge. You Pay when you have seen the books and liked them—not before Fill Out and Return the Coupon Below MATERIALS AND METHODS.OF FICTION, sy Cray- Ton Hammron. Introduction by Brander Matthews. The history and technique of fiction writing. “Written for students and writers of fiction. : Net $1.50. THE SPIRIT OF AMERICAN LITERATURE, By JoHN “A stimulating volume full of instructive opinions © Macy. about some olf our great authors.” — San Francisco Call. Net $1.50. WHAT LITERATURECAN DO FOR ME, ty C. AtPHONSO SmitH. “‘It is a brief commentary showing how life may been- riched and character benefited as well as knowledge increased by reading the best of litccature with some sort of system.’? — Philadelphia Inquirer. Net $1.00. Books Every Man Should Own CROWDS, sy GERALD STantey Lee. A book that gives you a new-conception of the relations of goodness and efficiency and good business. Net $1.35. INSPIRED MILLIONAIRES, sy Geratp STANLEY LEE. A prophecy of “better business” of the future and a healthy antidote to Socialism. Net $1.25. THE AMERICANS, sy Huco MUnsTERBERG. One of the clearest and most sympathetic studies of our national life ever written. Net $z.00. Popular Edition. THE NEW FREEDOM, sy Wooprow Wuson. A clear and forceful discussion of the great problems now confronting this country. Net $1.00. THE TRUST PROBLEM, by Jeremian Jenks. “The most instructing contribution that has thus far been made to the discussion of the trust problem.’’ — Prof. MiHer in the Journal of Political Economy. Net $1.00. ADVERTISING AS A BUSINESS- FORCE, sy PauL TERRY CHERINGTON. “Prof. Cherington’s book is incompara- bly the best and most authoritative work on advertising that has yet been issued.’ — John Irving Romer in Printer’s Ink. Net $2.00. BUNKER BEAN, sy Harry Leon Wutson. A laughable satire on ‘‘big business” and the rising generation. Illustrated. Net $1.25. THE BEST STORIES IN THE WORLD. Eb. By Tuos. L. Masson of “‘Life.’’ Some 400 of the world’s best humorous stories. Net $1.00. ADVENTURES IN CONTENTMENT, By Davin Grayson. The chronicle of a man who went to Nature’s heart and read there her true message to men. ADVENTURES IN FRIENDSHIP, py Davm Grayson. Little adventures in country life in which you meet some charm- ing village characters and obtain a new interpretation of friendship. THE FRIENDLY ROAD, By Davwm Grayson. In which the author takes to the road and tells of his adventures as a penni- less tramp. Each volume illustrated by Thomas Fogarty. Cloth, net, $1.35, Leather, net $1.50. Three volumes in leather, boxed, Net $4.50. Bocks of Practical Home Usefulness THE COMPLETE HOUSEKEEPER, sy Emmy Hott. Suggestions for the care of the family; the house; the gardens; the pets. Illustrated. $1.00. THE COUNTRY HOUSE, By CuaAs. Epwarp Hooper. Illustrated. $1.50. THE DOG BOOK, by James Watson. 04 pages, 810 II- lustrations. $1.50. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ETIQUETTE, By Entry Hort. 500 pages. Tilustrated. $1.00. THE FURNITURE BOOK, by EsTHER SINGLETON. Illustrated. $1.50. THE POULTRY BOOK, sy Harrison Wer. A most exhaustive work on this subject. 600 illustrations, 1,299 Bee 1.50. MUSIC LOVERS’ CYCLOPEDIA, sy Rurert_ HucuHEs. Revised to date 1912. Net $1.50. THE INTERNATIONAL COOK BOOK, by ALEXANDER FILrepPini. $1.00. PRACTICAL COOKING AND SERVING, By JANET Mac- Kenzie Hit. Popular edition of a complete manual of food, and how to prepare it. Illustrated. Net $1.50. THE NEW HOUSEKEEPING, sy CuristiNe FREDERICK. These efficiency studies in home management if practised would reduce the servant. problem to the minimum and raise housework to the dignity of a science.’? — Providence Journal. f Illustrated. Net $1.00. Gardening Books Every Gardener Ought to Know THE AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN, By NELTJE BLAN- CHAN. Covers adequately the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse. Beautifully illus- trated. Net $1.50. WHAT ENGLAND CAN TEACH US ABOUT GAR- DENING, sy Wituerm Miter. The best English practice in gardening varied to suit American conditions. Illustrated. Net $4.00. THE GARDEN WEEK BY WEEK, y Watter P. WricHt. A handy guide to the culture of flowers, fruits and vegetables. out of doors and in greenhouses. Illustrated. Net $2.00, POPULAR GARDEN FLOWERS, By Watter P. WricHT. A volume which shows the history, uses and adaptabilities of our most commonly grown hardy garden flowers. Tilustrated. Net $2.50. THE NEW GARDENING, By Watter P. Wricut. This work brings the most recent developments in gardening with cultural directions into the scope of a single volume. Net $2.00. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN, By Many Ex- PERTS. A charming and practical book by experts on every branch of the subject. Illustrated. Net $1.60. A GUIDE TO MUSHROOMS. sy Emma Taytor COoLe. A guide to the identification, gathering and preparation of mushrooms. Illustrated. Net $1.50. ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM. sy Many Ex- PERTS. A simple yet complete guide to the culture of all var- ieties of roses. Illustrated. Net $1.10. THE FLOWER GARDEN. psy Ina D. Bennett. A clear and concise summary of every possible sort »f information on gardens. Illustrated. Net $1.10. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN. sy IpA D. BENNETT. A complete guide to the cultivation of the staple garden vege- tables. With Chapters on fertilizers, insecticides, etc. S Illustrated. Net $1.10. MODERN STRAWBERRY GROWING. sy ALBERT E. Wiaxinson. ‘Everything one needs to know about strawberry culture may be found in this book.’’— New York Times. Illustrated. Net $1.10, Nature Books for Every Library SONGS OF NATURE, By Joun Burroucss. An anthology of outdoor poetry. Net $1.35. MOTHS OF THE LIMBERLOST, by GENE STRATTON-Por- ter. A most beautiful nature book with rare illustrations in colors from living moths. Illustrated. Net $2.50. A JOURNEY TO NATURE, by J. P. Mowzpray. The story of a Wall Street man who became acquainted with Nature for the first time, and of the delicate romance that creeps into his primitive life. Decorated. Net $1.50. MUSIC OF THE WILD, sy GENE StRaAtroN-PorTER. In this volume, Mrs. Porter has done that tremendously difficult thing of really putting into the pages of a book the charm and the call of the music of Nature. Illustrated. Net $2.50. BIRD GUIDE Part I, Water and Game Birds and Birds of Prey East of the Rockies. BIRD GUIDE Part II, Land Birds East of the Rockies. From Parrots to Blue Birds. Together these two books contain illustrations in color and descriptions of every bird East of the Rocky Mountains. They are about the size of the palm of the hand. Part I, cloth, net $1.00. Leather, net $1.25. Part TI, cloth, net $.75. Leather, net $1.00. Part I and Il bound together, leather, net $2.25. WESTERN BIRD GUIDE. Similar to the Eastern Guides. Contains descriptions and illustrations of every bird West of the Rockies. Cloth $1.00. Leather, net $1.25. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of information obtained through the Readers’ Service J Gaby Gee ee EIN SUA? 1) BEEZ SS BTS SESS A ZIN EGR GES ODE aS EE BGT DECIDES _ LES °, lesa Wy ites CoS: OSes JULY we Ea ES Cover DEsIGN—ReED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus, var. coronatus) 2 SO) & SS) By ic T.C. Black, Jr. PAGE PAGE MiceVONTHS REMINDER |) -9n2t se o= loan" = 82 327 CALCEOLARIAS AND CINERARIAS - - W.C.McCollom 339 Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves Insect Pests OF SUMMER - - - - - W.C.O’Kane 329 LOIS ORS 17 Ue PIO: PHILOSOPHIZING witH ANCHUSAS - Sherman R. Duffy 341 3 P Photograph by W. S. Kimball GARDENING AT No. 1869, Part II. - Nina R. Allen 330 Photograph by the author ARE You Gornc ABROAD? - - - - - - - - - 342 How WE Mabe THE RED SUNFLOWER Wilmatte Cockerell 332 MEETINGS AND EXHIBITIONS IN JULY - - - - - - 346 Photographs by T. C. Black, Jr. CHERRIES AND PLuMS FOR THE Home FRuIT GARDEN For tHE SOUTHERN GARDENER - - Thomas J. Steed 348 Oe J. R. Mattern 335 NY Photographs by N. R. Graves and G. G. Showell Se SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HomE TaBre Effie M. Robinson 350 8) Own-Root VERSUS BUDDED ROSES er aa, =) 337 RAS. é YY Photograph by W. S. Kimball 6" Oe iS ae, ry (J 3 LEONARD BARRON, EpiToRr SOE E OTA BY RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY J secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 TAR eZ. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, PRESENT HERBERT S. HOUSTON, VICE-PRESIDENT C4 S. A. EVERITT, TREASURER SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a year Single copies, 15 cts. For Foreign Postage a 5c. Tor Canada add 3sc. SOOM WAAAAA ANANDA AAA ANA Wi N° city man can make a farm pay. He has not lived close to the ground — has not been brought up to know the cattle and the crops — he soon gets tired of it. ASK ANY FARMER THAT FARM By Harrison Whittingham BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products In our 300 Acres of highly cultivated Nursery Land we are growing Nursery Products for everybody and suitable for all parts of the country. We shall be glad to have intending purchasers visit our Nursery and inspect the Quality of stock we grow, or submit their list of wants for prices. The Following Plants for Outdoor Planting, Interior and Exterior Decorations are Among Our Specialties HYDRANGEA OTAKSA IN TUBS. We have many hundreds of Specimen Plants in bloom and bud for Summer decorations, $2.50, $3.50, $5.00 and $7.50 each. LARGE LEAVED EVERGREENS, ENG- LISH LAUREL, and AUCUBAS for sum- mer decoration. STRAWBERRIES. Potted and field-grown in all the Jeading varieties. We have many thousands cf Strawberry plants and are in position to fill orders of any size. Ask for special list. EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. Many acres of Nursery are devoted to their Tells a different story. For this man gave up q. large business to turn farmer at first for the love of it, then because it paid him, not only in health and pleasure but in cash as well. And all this time the real farmers were just making both ends meet. | He was successful because he applied bus- iness methods to his farm. But he had his ups and downs and his experiences are interesting and in- structive. Illustrated. Net, $1.20 Many people can not get books. If there is no bookstore near you, we shall be glad to send books on approval DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City New York WILL ddiddddddddddddddddddddddlddbddddsdddddddddsbddsddbsddldddssdbsdbdddbddssddsdddsldslbdbsbisbsddsssbbbdbsdbddha VW ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddiddddidddddddddddddddddidilllllllldldddddddddddddddddddddddddbdddiddddddddddddddddbdddddddddalddddddddédééa “4 NN Ld ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddaddaadda PALMS AND DECORATIVE PLANTS. We have several acres of Greenhouses in which we grow Palms, Ferns and a large col- lection of plants for Interior and Exterior Decorations. OUR NEW HYBRID GIANT-FLOWER- ING MARSHMALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this old-fashioned flower. It will grow everywhere and when in bloom is the queen ot all garden flowers. Order now for Autumn Delivery. ENGLISH IVY. We grow many thousands in trained forms and ordinary plants from two to eight feet tall PEONIES AND IRIS. We have a com- plete collection of them ready for September Delivery. cultivation. Order now for August Delivery. BOXWOOD. Everybody loves the Aroma of Old-fashioned Boxwood. We have thou- sands in many shapes and sizes. BAYTREES. We are headquarters for them. Wecarry at all times hundreds and often times during the year several thousands may be seen in our Nursery. PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES and ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE. We manufacture all shapes and sizes. LAWN GRASS SEED. Our Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction everywhere. OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 25, describes our products; mailed upon request. We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere With Our “W orld’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products.” Nurserymen, Florists and Planters Rutherford, New Jersey 326 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Choice and Rare Bulbs Imported to Order The superlative aneliey of the Bulbs we import has made them famous throughout the United States and Canada and discriminating buyers will have noother. On account of the great demand for them we offer Bulbs in mixtures but the best varieties and the best bulbs are never to be hadin mixtures. A few of the choicest named bulbs will give far greater pleasure than a multitude of the cheap mixtures. JuLry,19i4 If you order from us NOW you save from 20 to 40 per cent. in cost, get a superior quality of Bulbs not usually to be obtained at any price in this country. Our orders are selected and packed in Holland, and are delivered to our customers in the original packages immediately upon their arrival from Holland, perfectly fresh and in the best possible condition. If you wish to take advantage of our very low prices, make out your order on this sheet, and mail it at once. Send reference (bank or responsible business house) with order and you need not pay for the Bulbs until after delivery, or take them, if not of a satisfactory quality. Our price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Bulbs published, may be had for the asking but if you wait to see it before ordering, you will probably be too late. ORDER BLANK 5 per cent. may be deducted it cash is sent with order The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel To ELLIOTT NURSERY, 306 Magee Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. (J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT) PRICES (6 at the dozen rate, 50 at the 100 rate, 500 at the 1,000 rate) DARWIN TULIPS Quantity Per Per Per Quantity Per Per Per Little known as yet, but gloriously beautiful beyond descrip- Wanted Doz. I00 1,000 | Wanted ; Doz soo EooS tion. Immense flowers of the loveliest coloring, on tall, stately .. Fairy Queen. Heliotrope-color, ...Narcissus Emperor. Monster Bulbs $ .50 £3.00 $27.00 stems 20 to 30 inches high. Planted deeply, they make a per- with Yellow, umique........... $ .45 $3.25 $26.00 ..Narcissus Bicolor Emperor, se- manent addition to the garden and bloom splendidly year .-Glare of the Garden. Immense iigeiigal IRONS ooo ceaccncegepse 6S. 29h BiE-©s after year. ‘They create a veritable sensation wherever seen, Scarlet flowers...... each, 8 cts. 7S SESO Narcissus, Golden Spur, Yellow - : Quantity Per Per Per - ..Inglescombe Pink. Salmon-pink, ANGELS 6 aie lou ono gncoae765 00 6S 28H AROS Wanted Woz TOS) Foes Blue base; very brilliant....... -35 2.50 21.00] ....Narcissus Princeps, Yellow Trumpet Xone aXe) 9.00 ia * i ..Inglescombe Scarlet. Brilliant ... Narcissus Alba Stella, lovely. ..... 20 1.19 9.00 ..Baronne de la Tonnaye. Vivid Scarlet; enormous flower. ...... n50 §.50 AS.co ...Narcissus Cynosure, very distinct 220 Le Gla OMOS Pils -covsenenangeavouosccs ss $ .40 $3.co $24.00 ..Inglescombe Yellow. Glossy ..Narcissus Sir Watkin, immense ..Farncombe Sanders. __ Immense Canary-Yellow. The large, flower, splendid. Monster Bulbs oO) 275) 25Kco flower of the most Brilliant Scar- globular flower has the true ...Narcissus Sir Watkin, selected. . .30 2.00 18.00 let; one of the best Darwins. ... 2 Bold shape of the Darwin Tulip, hence ..Narcissus Glory of Leiden. En- . Gretchen. Delicate Flesh-color; is called the Yellow Darwin.... .60 4.50 40.00 ormous Yellow Trumpet flower; very lovely. ..... watt neeres -30 2.00 16.00 . .Konigskroon. Red and Yellow, « each» bNONCtS. We euu en eee I.70 12.00 ..Harry Veitch. Brilliant, Brown- like Keizerkroon, but late- ..Narcissus Gloria Mundi. Yellow IS IRGC. 5p oo e0n 13 BG OS 6.0.0 40 2.70 22.00 flowering, splendid............ 130 2.25 18.00 with Orange-Scarlet cup, splen- ..Julie Vinot. Beautiful, delicate, C ..Mrs. Moon. Pure yellow; large. did. . feach 25cm 5) _Purplish Rose. ................ Hoe) 7-2) The best of all Yellow late Tulips; _. Narcissus Madam De Graaf. Finest ..King Harold. Deep Purple-Red sweet-scented......:......4.-. TOMES OCOMMESOLOO white trumpet..... each, 15 cts. 1.60 11.00 with White base; fine garden sort -55 3-50 28.00 ..Moonlight. New. Light, soft Yel- .. Narcissus Lucifer. Large white per- ..La Tulipe Noire. Comes nearest low; enormous flower ....each 12¢ 1.25 10.00 ianth cup intense glowing Orange- of all to black; flowers of : ..Union Jack. Salmon-Pink and red, very distinct;....each, 25c. 2.50 16.00 ..... enormous size....... , each 25¢. 2.50 bronze striped. Unique ‘and .. Rev. H. W. Ewbank. Silvery helio- - CRECtiIVe De each, 18¢ 1.75 13.00 x ee Ne le ev tee i am trope; rather dwarf ..each, 8 cts. .80 6.00 _.Zomerschoon. Salmon-rose flaked . : eet Naa White beeen eee 55 § one 33- ..The Sultan. Almost Black; forms creamy white. Wonderfully beau- tee hace Mic See ere ons +55 pees tee a euliant contrast with the Potted a le tiful, but very scarce; each, 756 8.00 satan Baas ne “Sincle Ree eee eae) Wacoal checet tere = ee “White Onear Clear White, Ane 3 .. Special Mixture Late Single Tulips 25))) 250) 4700) 1) iciaele ited MNtatireNauI poems Dios 3.66 delicate tis hierar eee “52 2.973 30.69 EARLY TULIPS _...Charles. Dickens, best Pink... ... I.50 10.00 .... Special Mixture Darwin Tulips... 3D A RD) . val é _..King of the Blues, best Dark Blue 1.50 10.00 Fine Mixed Darwin Tulips. . 25 TAG 19,68 . Fine Mixed Single ............... on 72 6.50 Queen of the Blues, best Light Pee spn Tiles, A 2S dae : ....Extra Fine Mixed Single.. An be -90 8.50 iss MMMM Te. soy » 'T,50 10.00 seats (not less than 10 ... Extra Fine Mixed Double. . tel go Halll) 9-50]... La Grandesse, best White........ I.50 10.00 Me . hed) 2 e 55 ...Chrysolora, Fine Yellow.......... 20 1.45 #£«.4%I1.00 ‘i vilan best pvcllow nia eae eae 1.50 9.50 Geert ta ay Ne ero Soe ae Rogetoon Red and Gold, splen- 3 6 ..La Victoire. Brilliant red; one ‘DARWIN NOVELTIES eee eee eee eee +30 1.05 10.25 of the earliest. By far the best Ethel Roosevelt. Lovely Rose- Each Per Per ---La Reine, Rosy White........... 228) 125 eee) of its color. A seine Novelty.. 1.85 13.00 cde aoncal Als Fea Gor y 5 t- Byer aie Se ‘Rembrandt, Scarletn ntsc semewee Hey BO) DDO ei GeneralePelicsien Deep Scarlet; 2 ted meee sere $ $1.65 $ . Albion (White Hawk). The finest early; extra-fine............... 1.20 8.00 Flamin Se Welres Hemmlesheeolarecl: Dee BPS) RIES) pure White Tulip in cultivation COM mLO MEET SOO ‘ Regulus. Light Blue with Dark Be Race Wee erate Pal) aeoistaai tata Couleurs Carcinalygiy bemG@ardinals StHDea Ea eee i060) 8.25 _ ta WHER. Dull, Slaty Seine ; : s Red; one of the best.......:.. 230. 8205) LOCO) Gam Bibacwe, Blush White; with White base; very distinct.. .I0 1.90 7.00 2 Colase Maid. White; ‘edged Sis aes large bells and large spikes. ..... I.00 66.75 Prince of the Netheriands. _ Bril- TUM WOR oS Honedodaapranaaean 20 1.35 11.0 ..La Franchise. Waxy White, large “~ liant Rosy Carmine, shaded Sal- a Pllamings. Beautiful Dark Pink; reins bellst ear yee er cette I.00 7.00 Beucie Be eee eae very een ar . Golden Cecors, Ome oF dhe nest Fine Mixed, not eles 50 4.50 lovely ono o None, SHE Sots: Sa ac ee. Bree y al True. _ Bright spe Gusset ood _. Baron von Brunow, Dark Blue.... 05 8.00 --Sophrosyne,__ Flesh-colored-Rose, ‘Pink and White; extra fine. .... 6 : 0.00 | ....Grand Lilac, Lilac. ............. .95 8.00 b h z ; 5 4-75 4 ordered Silvery White; charming P05, I.60¢ 12.00 Regs Cassese 1a BeSEGal __..Mont Blanc, best White. . “90 7.75 ..Velvet King. Dark, glossy Royal Pink, a splendid sort 20 1.20 9.50 | .-..Sir Walter Scott, best Striped. Sys .90 eas Purple, white base. A giant eg rE TSO iy a Uc gg ; ..Large Yellow, Mammoth Bulbs. .. -95 8.50 eats Ape ; sey i 25 2.00 17.00 DAFFODILS MISCELLANEOUS A 0 pehh ol a DYE : : i ....Narcissus Poeticus.............. BLS) .80 7.00 ... Allium Neapolitanum............ .18 ' 1.00 7.00 COTTAGE TULIPS ..Narcissus Poeticus Ornatus (the ..Chionodoxa Lucille (Glory of the Per Per Per best Poet’s Daffodil)......... 20 .90 8.00 SOWA) ale ean eee eee en ae .15 .90 8.00 ..Gesneriana (True), magnificent Doz. 100 1,000 | ....Narcissus Barri Conspicuus. . . nite) 5 2X) 9.00} ....Iris, English Mixed.. 25) Tshue Leos) Cnmsonlvarichy> ae eee $ .35 $2.00 $17.50 .. Narcissus Van Sion (Double . Iris, Spanish Mixed... ... enh .10 55 4.00 ... Bouton d’Or, Yellow, late, splendid. “BI OO Vat efe) DWaftodilveacr ain erento emerens PB ONL OOMNEE 50) Iris, Japan Mixed............... T.25 6.00) 50:00 ..Blushing Bride, late, Rose-Pink, ... Narcissus Orange Phcenix, lovely. . .25 1.60 14.00] ....Iris, Japan Finest, named; ...... 2.00 13.00 etiae superb and distinct............ 2S nELE SOM L SSO .. Narcissus Sulphur Phoenix, ....Iris, German, named............ 1.25 8.00 70.00 ..Ellen Willmott. One of the finest splendid, double, creamy white 40 2,25 17.00]....Iris, German Mixed............. -75 5,00 40.00 May-flowering Tulips. Flowers ...Narcissus Single Jonquils........ 15 .80 6.50 | ....Grape Hyacinths, Blue.......... 15 .70 5.00 very large, beautifully shaped, ..Narcissus Bicolor Empress, one ....Grape Hyacinths, White. ost Roatan 15, 1.00 7.20 soft creamy Yellow; deliciously of the best for all purposes. ..Scilla Sibirica, Blue, lovely for irderante eRe erect ew. one SOO) Monster Bulbs................ 5 ONG COmN 27/00) MNONMVALIES o coocoucnsa obo do .18 1.00 Q.00 ..Coronation Scarlet. Vermilion- Narcissus Bicolor Empress, selected ...Snowdrops, Single............... aris! 75 6.50 SGArletinic. sire eoete cutee sous tates saausclelets I.25 8.00 BUILDS UN Gre erceen ota ww ceeds e tice oy 9 2.3 Bee) ..Snowdrops, Giant (Elwesii)....... {ug oS 6.50 SIGNED. i} bas Seis bsecisteys, spay eeieae RA keane AA EE EEOC The Garden Magazine VoLuME XIX JULY, 1914 NuMBER 6 ULY is usually a dry month and watering has to be done. There is a proper and an improper way to do anything, and the improper method of watering is very harmful. Indeed the plants would be far better off if left entirely unwatered rather than poorly watered. When it becomes necessary to water anything, from a cabbaze to the most delicate orchid, there is just one guiding principle to keep in mind — thoroughness. The plant, whatever it is, should be soaked thoroughly, until water reaches the entire root system. SPRAYING plants lightly, and simply keeping them surface moist is wrong; the moisture is lost through evaporation, and it has a tendency to bring the roots to the surface, a condition to be avoided if possible. Deep watering is essential but the more gently the water is applied the better it will be, as it doesn’t then pack the soi!; to sum up it means soak the plants thoroughly when dry, but apply in as fine parti- cles as possible. It is also advisable to water in early morning or evening. It is not a good practice to water in the strong sun, especially on a clay soil containing a large proportion of organic matter. When water is applied to such a soil a considerable degree of heat is disengaged (and in lesser degree this is true also of all soils). If the water be added to a soil baked by the sun the temperature of the soil itself, already high, is raised appreciably — even as much as 20 degrees. As can be imagined considerable injury may thus be done to the roots. The good gardener needs be warned especially, inasmuch as this raise of soil temperature is greater in proportion to the better quality of the soil. There is least likelihood of injury from watering in the sun when a poor sandy soil is being worked. There are many good sprinklers on the market which are excel- lent for the steady distribution of water, but, of course, a good irrigating system is better still, and while costing more to install is both practical and logical, and if figured on a ten year basis is the cheaper proposition and the watering is done far better than it can be done by any other method. How to Water LEDTNG weeds grow is a most expen- sive summer habit. As the weed growth usually terminates this month and it is the proper moment to start on a real clean Fight uP, cut down all before they the Weeds ave a chance to spread around their too plentiful seeds. If you get after the weeds now you will have a better garden next summer. Clean out every solitary weed from your garden; and cut down and burn those you can’t get the roots of, before they ripen their seeds. Do your weeding and cultivating early in the morning; you will be much more com- fortable then than later on, in the hot sun. Now is the time to sow seeds of perennials in cold frames to have flowering plants next year EEP on sowing string beans; two sowings should be made during the month to insure tender young beans. Now is the time to make sowings of beets and carrots for winter use. Sow as many rows as you think you will use. The matter of proper storing will be attended to in these pages in due season. Sowings of corn can be made this month using early or second early varieties. Make one sowing anyhow around the 15th, and a final one about ten days later — the loss of one sowing is not a heavy item. Cucumbers sown now will bear; in fact the plants do excep- tionally well from sowings made at this time. Keep your lettuce partially shaded and well watered. Keep right on making frequent sowings. Endive can also be sown for fall use. Keep on Sowing FaAgLY potatoes should now be ready for use, only dig them as you can use them, as they gain rapidly in size and quality at this season. Don’t neglect to give the plants a good thorough spraying with arsenate of lead, which will probably be the last necessary; and don’t stop cultivating. All the late crops of cabbage, cauliflower, kale, occoli and the like should be planted out before the end of the month. If it has not been planted already, late celery must be planted out at once. Planting may be on the flat or in trenches; the flat treatment makes cultivation much easier, and the plants are not so liable to get pithy as when grown in a trench. Don’t neglect your melons now; this is a critical period. Spray the plants with bordeaux mixture twice or even three times this month and don’t neglect to place small boards under each melon. Pumpkins and squash should be sprayed with arsenate of lead to keep the squash bug from destroying the plants. Onions that show signs of terminating their growth should be pulled up and laid on their side on cinders or slats to ripen. Vegetables now Growing be L_°Ok8 out for the asparagus beetle. Spray the plants with arsenate of lead or dust on hellebore powder in the early morning when the plants are still moist, also give the bed a thorough cleaning followed by a good application of nitrate of soda. Remember the plants are now forming crowns upon the quality of which depends the asparagus crop of next season. Order your strawberry plants now for delivery next month. Don’t pick out all the cheap varieties you can find; and also be sure you get both pistillate and staminate flowering types. Start now to prepare the bed, spading in a really liberal quantity of manure, and you can surely have fruit next season! Strawberries and Asparagus 327 328 THE: GAR DEN MEAUG AZ Nee HIS is an excellent time to start a batch of perennials. Seeds can be sown in flats, or in rows in a coldframe and later transplanted in rows in a frame or in a protected location outside. It is always best to winter the young plants in cold- frames if at all possible, but they can be left out if properly protected. Any of the perennials can be handled in this way and large quantities of the best types can be raised at the very minimum of cost. If a large supply be needed for any special effect next year, the plants can be had from seed sown now for a small sum, whereas the cost of the plants next season might be prohibitive. Aconitum, anchusa, aquilegia, campanula, delphinium, gaillardia, gypsophila, helen- ium, helianthus, hollyhock, lupin, lychnis, pentstemon, physostegia, phlox, poppy, Sowing Perennials FIGHTING THE BUGS OF SUMMER (See opposite page) Poison Sprays. Where they can be used safely, rely on standard poison sprays for any leaf-eating pests. Paris green, a teaspoonful to a pail of water; arsenate of lead, three tablespoonfuls to a pail. Hellebore. For plants bearing ripe fruit, or for vegetables about ready for use. Dust on straight, or dilute with three parts of flour. Dry Arsenate of Lead. This is a handy form. Dust it on lightly when the plants are wet with dew. It will not burn the foliage, even if applied quite heavily. Use a common flour sifter for low plants; label the sifter ‘“Poison.”” Or make a duster out of a cheese-cloth bag. Grasshopper Mixture. Mix dry 20 pounds of bran and 1 pound of Paris green. Chop up three oranges or lemons in 3 or 4 gallons of water, first squeezing the juice into the water. Add 2 quarts of cheap syrup. Then moisten the poisoned bran with this. Scatter the mixture broadcast. Carbon Bisulphide for Ants. With a pointed stick punch a hole into each ant-hill; several holes in big hills. Pour into each hole a tablespoonful of carbon bisulphide. Press your foot on the hole to close it. The fumes will penetrate the burrows and kill the cccupants. Be careful to have no fire nearby, for the vapor is explosive. Jury, 1914 "TOWARD the latter part of July if your cosmos is growing very rank it isa good plan to check the growth slightly by cutting some of the roots, this will hasten ; flowering. Simply jab a ee om Spade down to the hilt the plant, go about half way around the first time. Make a practice of cutting your flowers early in the morning while they are still wet with dew. Flowers so cut will not only last much better, but will retain freshness a long while after cutting. Such flowers as the poppy which is very hard to keep can be made a fairly good cut flower sub- ject if handled this way. HE coldframes should now ke cleaned out, fresh soil put in and made ready for use; there are a thousand and one pur- about one foot out from - pyrethrum, and sweet William are only a few of the more popular flowering per- ennials that can be considered as possibilities in any garden be- cause of the very low cost when raised from seed at this time. FoR early spring flowering sow late this month campanula, digitalis, pansy, myosotis, English daisy, viola, and wall- flower. These plants must be wintered in a coldframe and can be planted out very early in spring or can be left,in the coldframe to flower. For Early Spring TALL perennials in the garden should be staked up. Go into the woods and cut some stakes for this purpose; or bamboo canes can be bought very cheaply from the seed stores. Where the plants are conspicuous, as in formal gardens, the regulation painted stake must be used. Helianthus, helenium, hollyhock, yucca and such plants should certainly be staked. Sweet peas must be kept cut close or they will stop flowering, Alone the don’t let any seed pods form, keep the flowers removed, Wier feed freely and have a heavy mulch applied; a light muslin or cheese cloth cover placed over the row so as to shade it during the centre of the day will improve them somewhat. Don’t be afraid to cut the continuous flowering annuals such as Watering is the suburbanites summer bugbear. head carefully on page 327 how to water efficiently and learn, too, when watering may do harm the snapdragon, scabiosa, helianthus, sa!piglossis, etc. If they are not kept cut, seed pods will form and flowering will cease. Keep the stems on the dahlias reduced to three or four. Thin out some of the lower laterals so that you don’t get so much wood. This will give you better quality flowers. An application of cow manure water will improve the quality of your asters. poses for which you will need them later. This is the right time to look around for some good soil for building up in compost for greenhouse operation next season. In order to have success with plants in- doors where they are subjected to an unnatural condition we must have a good soil, one rich in fertilizing qualities, and containing humus; it should be of the proper consistency, adhesive yet friable. Humus is a most important item and special attention must be given to get it into the majority of our coastal soils even if it has to be hauled from afar. A good turfy sod is the best foundation for a compost heap using about 3 of this to 4 of well decayed cow manure. Shake in about one shovelful of pure ground bone meal to every twelve of compost, if the soil is inclined to be wet and soggy add enough lime to sweeten it, additional plant food that is quick acting can be incorporated with the soil at the final mixing. Leaf mold is usually added at this time also. Making a Growing Soil = RE you intending to force any bulbs next winter? If so this is the time to make up your order, and remem- ber it is better to pay good prices; cheap bulbs are a false economy. r) Bulbs for ou E conde mercine | eee list aroun to half a dozen seedsmen and then make your decision on price alone; rather Jury, 1914 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 329 OOUINDECITE TEE Teo TESST = aa Scere = oe i TTIT S| uid ae For grasshoppers use the special ‘‘grasshopper mixture’’ if chickens can be kept away for a short time. The hoppers will leave the plants to find the mixture The zebra caterpil!ar attacks spinach, ; The hedgehog caterpillar is also best celery and beets. Hand pick controlled by hand picking -TAAUSEADOUGSD CANTOR AUS LIUBOEOTNEOADETE Pa LEE eo oan Try dusting the silk of sweet corn with a poison to control the worm that works in the kernels. Apply the poison as soon as the silk shows Tos Insect Pests of Summer Pictured by Wile (Ge (OV lRaine “Ss ieaeae Mon POE eee LECT i See FEELERS THD i SUHUGUORRIEGOIOE-, 5 SUITS If strawberry crowns show the work of borers, burn the old plants when they have finished bearing Yellow-necked caterpillars collect in colonies. Remove the twig, apply a torch, or spray with a poison _ The red humped caterpillar defoliates The cane-borer causes raspberry or apples in late summer, workingincol- blackberry canes to bend over sharply onies. Use a torch, or spray with a toward the top. Cut them off well poison. Cut off coloniesand burnthem down at once, and burn, borer and all Te For the cabbage looper use fresh hel- . ; Ants are easily controlled by carbon lebore if the cabbages are well headed bisulphide poured into their hills } TS eo t For the common cabbage worm use a poison spray To control the apple maggot or “‘railroad worm”’, Cover squash vines at the joints with moist earth, until cabbages are half grown. Then use hellebore. keep drops picked up so that none will rot on the so that they will make extra roots and thus beat out The latter is not dangerous, soon losing its strength ground. Watch early fruit especially the squash vine borer ' TIT ili TA) TIME Baageae si lin Mt Mille | THE IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS OF MIDSUMMER ARE GRAPHICALLY SHOWN IN THESE PHOTOGRAPHS. THE [HESS MEANS OF coN- TROL ARE ALSO SUGGESTED; AND FORMULAS FOR POISONS APPEAR ON THE OPPOSITE PAGE a SI 330 THE ,.GARD EN “AVANG AZ aeNeE study the quality, and select the best stock. Then talk price after- ward. Delivery can be had on some bulbs this month; cold storage lilies of the “rubrum” type are started in quantities at this time; these are usually handled in pots. Freesias can be had now and are usually grown in flats for cutting or pans for con- servatory work. PREPARE the greenhouse bed for sweet peas late this month. They prefer a bed that has good drainage, but which is extremely fertile. Incorporate an abundance of good manure and have the soil prepared fully two feet deep. Care should be taken at this time with all the various plants which are being carried over in the frames and which are to be forced later on (such as cyclamen, primula, snapdragon). Do not allow them to get Flowers for Winter Forcing pot bound. Now is a critical stage in the life of the chrysanthemum as the plants are growing very rapidly at this time and need frequent attention, frequent spraying with abundance of feed either mulched on or applied in liquid form is desirable. Don’t let the chrysan- themums become infested with black fly; fumigation and frequent spraying with insecticides will keep the pest in check. MELDEW is the hardest to fight right; now indeed there are more inside rose crops ruined during July and August than in all the rest of the year. The rose plants must be sprayed or they will be destroyed by red spider, but the spraying must be Mildew attended to sufficiently early in the day to ensure a per- iieoes fectly dry air in the house by night or during dark, dull weather. A little fire heat is good at this season of the year — just enough to dispel the moisture, and an occasional application of flowers of sulphur is very beneficial during dark weather. Carnations can be planted indoors late this month or early next month. Of course a great deal depends upon the weather and the type of greenhouse. With the big modern well ventilated houses early planting is desirable; while when poorly ventilated HE woman who lived here before our ad- vent said that her only r Garderung at Ya 1869 DEIR SU. (Continued from June Number) Being the Veractous Account of a Successful the Owner and a Recaleitrant Back Yaro, by Nina R Men regret in departing do, I would go to the kitchen door, clap rather than light, and likewise JuLty,1914 houses are in use the planting is better deferred until quite late. A good economical way to grow ferns for cut green during the winter is to plant some roots along the edges of the walks in the greenhouse. ATE this month, and all of next, you can transplant any evergreens you wish to move around the home grounds. It is not only a very favorable season for the plants, but it takes just so much from the heavy burden of spring. Moreover most country dwellers are at their summer places during July and August and they can give the work some personal attention. If you have time to spare, tree surgery on a moderate scale can be practised with advantage around the home grounds. It would be far better to consult some © specialist if there is any quantity of this work to be done. But there are thousands of cases where a tree dies when a little patching up in time would have saved it. Keep all exposed wood covered with paint; all decay should be scraped out, the surface tarred or any cavity likely to catch water can be filled with concrete. Transplanting Evergreens THs is the time to try summer pruning. If you never make a start you will never know how efficacious summer pruning in the orchard is in the production of fruit; and it is not very hard. Keep after the mildew on your gooseberries, with a copper mixture or bordeaux. Cut the dead flowers from climbing roses just as soon as the plants are through flowering. Summer Pruning PRAY the roses of all kinds for the leaf beetle this month, using arsenate of lead and getting at the underside of the leaf. Keep right on clipping hedges where necessary, every clipping improves the hedge. Thi Set your mowing machine high so that you don’t ex- ngs a : in General P0Se the soil by too close cutting. aan Overhaul the lawn mower to be sure it is in good shape for whatever work is ahead, because next month the tough summer grass will be here and you need a good machine to cut it. Battle between covered a part of the time, in- nocent sow bugs were suspected, for these creatures love darkness from the place which she had owned was caused by the fact that she must leave the English sparrows behind. I am sure I wish she had taken them with her. We would never have missed them! Unlike some folks, I do not despise these brave-hearted little fellows. Without them we would be well-nigh birdless, for robins and blackbirds are our only visitors even in summer here in the heart of a big city. But more than our share was quartered upon us, and by early summer they had developed an insatiable appetite for greens, refusing longer to be put off with dry bread, and they helped themselves liberally to our young sweet peas and Shirley poppies. When I first noticed them at their. sur- reptitious feasts, not knowing what else to my hands, and cry, “Shoo! Shoo!” Fritzi, otherwise known as The Woolly Dog, soon came to understand. When in the yard in summer she now watches the plants and drives the sparrows away. She makes a wild plunge toward them scattering them to right and to left, and they fly up into the neighbors’ trees, chattering vocifer- ously, and no doubt calling her anything but a decent woman. But there are times when Fritzi is not ‘‘on the job.” Very early in the morning she is absent, or in warm weather, sometimes, when advancing years and in- creasing flesh make a siesta seem desirable, or even necessary. After such an occasion we found two-thirds of the tiny zinnias missing from our seedbed, and an equal number of young verbenas disappeared with them. As the seedbed had been enjoy a good meal of seedlings. So The Man who is nothing if not thorough, placed a heavy cordon of sliced potatoes dipped in paris green water around the rows, but to no avail. Then Fritzi was seen to chase sparrows in the vicinity, and we knew the offenders. We laid bright poultry netting over the bed, and had no more trouble there. The birds seem also to have a fear of a white cord. This, stretched before plants needing protection, is advised by English authorities as well as by some colored “‘uncles” who garden in the South. In the winter, weakling that I am, I feed the sparrows, although I fear that I am making trouble more certain for myself during the coming summer. But only a heart of stone could refuse their mute JuLry,1914 appeal, especially during such a winter as that of 1011-12. Then the ground was frozen hard and deep, and snow, SnOW was every- where and not a bite to eat for weeks together. The poor birds sat around like men out of work, despairing. I broke up dry bread and would call from the back porch, “‘ Here, birds, birds, birds!” in a voice as near high C as I was able to attain, much to the amusement of the neighbors, no doubt, if not to that of the sparrows. Miter the frst month of that dread- ful winter, there were only a few of our horde left to re- spond. Many no doubt were frozen. But the survivors must have told other sparrows about The Woman. Their number was soon augmented by five or six, then by ten or twelve or twenty, coming from all di- rections. My own flock no longer waits for me to call. They come to the neighbors’ trees—the mulberry of evil deeds and the crab apple hard by —and there they sit waiting, hoping that I will take pity upon them. I rustle the paper in which I carry out the bread. This is their dinner-bell. Then the birds come from the other sides. But the caution of all is as great as their hunger. They have not yet forgotten the furry monster that lives in the house. Some- times they do not approach their meal until two or three minutes after I close the door. When they feel sure that Fritzi is not com- ing out, a few of the bolder spirits peck at the food where it lies, but most of the birds fly away with a piece into the neighbors’ yards or around to our front porch. VAGRANT CATS It seems to me that our neighborhood is infested to an unusual degree with cats, mostly homeless ones, judging by their lik- ing for a snatch from our garbage can. I need not say that their presence in a garden is most destructive. We were greatly troubled with cats until we hit upon the plan of fastening poultry We keep our dog despite an occasional loss in the flower beds; just because we like dogs — and then Fritzi also chases the sparrows netting two or three feet wide to strips of wood nailed to the fence, letting the chicken wire extend a foot above the latter. The netting serves a double purpose. Vines may be trained upon it and the added height of the fence screen gives greater seclusion to the yard. Hollyhocks and golden glow rudbeckias may be fastened to it, and, I think, appear more graceful than when tied to stakes. It is used only on the sides of the yard where we have observed cats to enter. We no longer suffer directly from the ruin wrought by the feline race when the netting in good condition is in place. But, unfortunately, the chicken wire does not shut off a view of the cats as they prome- nade on the high board fences that mark our neighbors’ boundaries. Until the vines have made a luxuriant growth or the peren- nials reached a good height, they bask there in the sun in plain view or parade with exasperating calmness on the fence tops around us. The sight is as electrifying to our dogs as was the gradual appearance THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 331 of the Cheshire Cat in the atmosphere when Alice played croquet in Wonder- land. At the excit- ing spectacle, they are literally up in the air. And when they come down it isupon foxgloves or bleed- ing hearts or some other plant dear to me. Admonition and punishment are alike unheeded and forgotten. Ihavenowplanted golden glow rud- beckias in the cor- ner that suffers most severely. These will stand a great deal. And they are easily obtained and in- crease rapidly. I am not so deeply stricken when they are destroyed. Yet it seems a mean trick. They meet with the usual fate of patient, easy- going folk. Come to think of it, though, in their case, it is but poetic justice, for they try their best to jostle and crowd their gentle and delicate companions from the border, being of an order that among human beingsstrives to occupy two seats in a street car when entitled to but one. Even among flowers, greed, if not graft, obtains. Who that knows them can doubt the existence of the Golden Glow Trust and the Hardy Sunflower Monopoly? A board nailed to the top of the fence now cuts off the view of a favorite lounge for cats until the rudbeckias have reached sufficient height to screen it. People say to us, “I wonder that you keep dogs when you are so fond cf ilowers.” Of course they wonder. Very often they are of the half of the world that dislikes dogs. We are of the other section. So, we reflect that there are not many persons who have all of the fine qualities of a good dog, and say nothing, but retain our canine friends, in spite of occasional floral casualties. The faithful race can be trained to keep off the flowers except during these little periods of excitement. I have often seen our old dog jump over a hedge of four o’clocks around which she was too lazy to walk, when she thought herself unobserved, instead of breaking through it. (To be concluded in the August nwmber) The Making of the Red Sunflower — By Wilmatte P. Cockerell, S AN ACTUAL RECITAL OF THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF A RED COLOR IN THE SUN- FLOWER, AND HOW IT WAS FIXED AND BROUGHT INTO PRACTICAL USE (Editors’ Note: — This is a personal account of an actual achievement in plant breeding by an amateur gardener, and is an excellent illustration of a field of vast possibilites that lie open to all. But very little has yet been done in actual plant breeding in American gardens; yet it is a field of endeavor that should prove most attractive. Gregor Mendel’s work illustrates forcibly the value of exact methods and careful records. He probably did not realize at all what he was doing when he ex- perimented with his garden peas. Yet he discovered a set of laws that we, a generation later, are using to great practical advantage. Breeding is now almost an exact science, thanks to the work of the obscure monk in his little monastery garden. HE ‘Insects’ Homer” begins one of his inimitable essays by inquiring ‘“‘Do you know the Halicti? Even if you do not know the Halicti you may still enjoy some of the minor satisfactions of life.” I should inquire if you had ever tried making plant hybrids, and if you had not I should insist that you had missed one of the great satisfactions of life, one of the most inter- esting reasons for associating with plants. We had been long interested in breeding experiments, the Master of the Garden and I. We had visited Bateson’s gardens at Cambridge, England, seen Standfuss’s won- derful moth hybrids at Zurich, Switzerland, studied Morgan’s curious little flies, and listened to Davenport’s explanations of his wonderful experiments at Cold Spring Harbor, and all this work seemed to show that a new era was beginning for the prac- tical breeder. It seemed to us that it would be difficult to overestimate the im- portance of the results to be obtained during the next fifty years, and we often sighed for some little thing that we might have of our own, in our own back garden. We were agreed in wishing to work with plants, but we had no thought that we should have the great good fortune to perfect a plant that would be grown in many gardens in distant parts of the world. Our experience is not unique, but it is rare enough to seem worth the telling. But to the story: Having occasion to cross the road near our house one warm August morning I saw what I took to be a large red butterfly on the head of a sunflower growing by the roadside. Glancing at the plant a little later, I was surprised to see that the butterfly had not moved, and when I approached nearer I saw to my astonishment that there was no butter- fly but a sunflower with rays deeply suffused with a satiny, chestnut-red. There was only one plant with red blossoms, and this close to the road where hundreds of people passed daily, and already one of the heads had been carried away as a curiosity. That evening I took the Master of the Gar- den to see my find. We were agreed that we could not leave the plant where it was; it would almost surely be destroyed. We had no experience in transplanting full grown plants, so we studied the root system of a common sunflower, care- fully lifted our red treasure, planted it in the garden, shaded it for a day or two, and it seemed hardly to feel the shock, but went on blooming normally. (See colored illustration on this month’s cover) The next thing was to find out just what work had been done in crossing sunflowers, and we found on looking up the literature, that sunflowers are self sterile. Here was a dilemma; there was, so far as we knew, and we had seen millions of sunflowers, only one plant of the red sunflower in the world, and this alas, could not be self ferti- lized! The only thing to do was to make crosses with the ordinary sunflowers and see what would come of it. And here was the supreme interest, for we could to some extent, predict the result of these crosses since we had a key to the age-long riddle of heredity. The man who furnished this key was Johann Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk, Abbot of the old Monastery of Brunn, who by a careful study of garden peas through eight years, discovered laws and ratios which seem little short of magic. He had discovered a nature-secret of untold value not alone to plant breeders but to the human species in its upward evolution. But he was ahead of his time, and Darwin, the one man in the world who would have seen the import- ance of this work, never heard of the experiments of the nature-studying monk at Brunn and so this wonderful thesis lay The result of crossing Helianthus cucumerifolius and H. cuticularis (red). The base of each ray is splashed red 332 forgotten for more than thirty years. In 1900 three European workers almost simul- taneously discovered Mendel’s paper and to-day ‘“‘Mendelism”’ is talked of every- where. Now to return to the sunflower. The first thing we were anxious to know was whether the red would be dominant or recessive; that is, would it show in the plants coming from our crosses or would it be hidden or covered by the yellow. Dur- ing the following summer we went East, but before we left, we noted that some of the young plants showed a great deal of purple in the stems. On our return early in August, a gorgeous sight met our eyes, for the sunflowers were in full bloom, and about half were splendidly red. How could we reconcile this with Mendel’s law? All were crossed with red and if red were dominant then all should be red; if it were recessive, all should be yellow. The explanation is that the original plant was a half-red, though it may have had no red parent. In many similar cases plants and animals have been understood only after being used in breeding experi- ments. The Herr Professor wrote it ail down in terms of Mendelism, and the diligent should read therein of pure types, of gametes, of zygotes, of the possi- bility of having heterozygous and homozygous forms. All of which can be understood by the wise and guessed at by others. But the practical working of Mendel- ism is the theme of this paper so we return to the garden. All the red sunflowers in 1911, then, were half-reds just like the plant found by the road- side in 1910, but there was this great advantage: we now had a number of plants, and could cross reds with reds. The result was quite as expected, and it was a great day in the garden when the small, dark blossom appeared. The published chart of the year before was now shownintriumph. There was the expected proportion of one yellow to three reds, though most of the in- tensely red types were bi-colored with the ends of the rays yellow. This was due to the fact that the wild plant carries a factor for marking as well as for color. Of course, a new plant with sur- prising and interesting characters is not often found, but it is certainly true that many more good variations would be discovered if people were everywhere on the lookout for them. Aside, however, from the discovery of new things, there is an almost un- ee ‘ 4 oe C2 ad a GA itso cia tin ea tl Satire Juuy,1914 limited field for crossing varieties and species, and their recombination along Mendelian lines. The Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, 1911, makes a generous offer of the services of the govern- ment in securing desirable stock for the plant breeder, and the world is being liter- ally ransacked for seeds of promising species, and every one who has a garden or an orchard is asked to aid in the im- THE grow near your house?”’ And my answer that it was sent to reward me for teaching biology to so many young people was never quite accepted. Surely, we were holding something back! There was an ace up our sleeves somewhere and we could tell how it was done if we only would. A good neighbor who had helped us in various “ways came one morning begging me to show her just what it was that I put on Cea D heNe MA GA Z I N E 333 making a union with the ovules of the same plant impossible is one of the mys- teries of mysteries. The practical value of this fact is at once apparent, for one could hardly take stamens from the bud of so small a floret; and though, when there was but one sun- flower plant bearing red flowers in the world, so far as we knew, we regretted that it was not fertile to its own pollen, “s.portant work of creating new forms or improving old ones. It seems hard to believe that the Yearbook only states a scientific fact when it says that the greatest numbers of new and valuable forms are produced, not in the great nurseries of the world, but in smaller places where the worker can be near the plants and know their individual characters in a way quite impossible to the wholesale experimenter. Then, through Mendel’s laws of inheri- tance, we have learned that half a dozen plants carefully watched and guarded are worth more than forty acres left to the bees’ and butterflies’ careful but indis- criminate mixing. HOW WE MADE THE PINK SUNFLOWER Our first red sunflower was found by the roadside growing among hundreds of yellow ones and though we transplanted it to our garden and spent three years getting the pure bred type, still we were obliged to confess that we had nothing to do with making the first red sunflower. My students inquired skeptically: ‘Why should the only red sunflower in the world All sorts and conditions of red sunflowers, showing the sunflowers to turn them into that splendid satiny red! So when we really did make a new color we felt very pleased for here was something that, in a certain sense, at least, we had made ourselves, and we like to tell how it was done, for we have found the making of new varieties of sun- flowers most fascinating. The sunflower head is made up of many small flowers. The outside rays are merely for show while the inside tubular florets produce the seeds. The florets blossom from the outside and about one tenth are ready for pollen at one time. One of the first ‘things we learned about the sunflower was that it was not fertile to its own pollen. I have never got over the wonder of that. Why those tiny yellow grains, all looking exactly alike, should have. some property 2 the range of variation in th: color distribution it was this fact that made our later experi- ments possible. The first red sunflower was chestnut-red, the red pigment was added to the deep yellow of the ordinary sunflower, and was changed in appearance — just how much we could not tell. We figured out that if we could get the red on a white background we would have a new and lovelier color. Then began a search for a white sunflower, up and down, through field after field, and page after page of seed catalogues. The best we could do was a pale primrose, advertised by Sutton of Reading, England, and called Primrose Perfection. This plant, which comes quite true from seed, has a very dark disk and pale primrose yellow rays; it isa tall upright form usually bearing only one flower-head. It was certainly interesting to think that we could obtain an entirely new color, due to the redistribution of previously known fact- ors, and predict in advance just what would happen. Like gravitation heredity obeys certain laws, and is a mighty force which can be subjugated and made to do wonderful work both by the plant and animal breed. 334 THE GARD EN] MAGAZINE Juuy,1914 Some of the old-time breeders were aware that hybrids could be split up into pure types, though it was generally believed and taught that every living thing had 3 of its inheritance from its par- ents, {~ from its grand- parents, 7; from its great grandparents, etc. Gregor Mendel may well be called the Newton of heredity, for given certain characters of two parents it is possible by Mendel’s laws to state how the off- spring will inherit those characteristics. In the summer of 1912 we accordingly crossed the reds with Primrose Perfection, and obtained a quantity of seed. The Pale Fellow was used as the seed plant, the heads were tied up in bags before any of the florets blossomed, and the pollen was taken from a plant pure bred, or homozygous, for red. A grain of sunflower pollen is a minute spiked ball and a hundred will stick on the point of a pin, but each carries uncounted determiners. That particular pollen carried, among many others, the deter- miners for red and orange, dominant unit characters, so that the first generation were all practically like the red which furnished the pollen. We knew that this would be true, for many experiments have been made re- cently both with plants and animals con- firming Mendel’s statement that in the first generation all the offspring will be alike, and will usually resemble one or the other parent. That is, when a pure black and a pure white rabbit are crossed, the young will not be partly black and partly white, but entirely black. These black rabbits, however, carry the determiner for white, and if bred together, the next generation, F2, will consist of } pure white rabbits (like one grandparent), 4 pure black rabbits (like the other grandparent), and 4 mixed black and white; or heterozygous, rabbits. Mendel’s greatest contribution to the science of heredity, as has already been pointed out, was in showing that in the second generation, technically known as F2, the characters segregate. In this work with the sunflower we were working with two characters so that the desired colors would appear in three out of sixteen and only one of these would be pure bred or homozyg- ous. The seeds from the greenhouse were planted in the garden and watched with the greatest interest. According to Mendel’s laws, this seed from the greenhouse, the F2 from the primrose and chestnut-red, would A type named Sunrise, in which the rays are washed with red give in every 16, beside the 3 showing red in primrose, 9 chestnut-reds, 3 yellows, and I primrose. It was these first, of course, that we were anxious to see, and when in July an F2 plant blossomed bearing lovely rose colored flower heads, we almost felt that we were present at creation! Later the colors came according to expectation, and visitors to the garden, found it hard to believe that the plants with common yellow blossoms were from seeds from the very same flower- head as those that produced the plants bearing the bright pink or old rose blossoms. There was nothing new; the red which had been dulled by appearing on top cf dark yellow showed its real beauty on the light primrose background. A census of the F2 generation showed, of the plants in blossom, 71 were chestnut-red, the expectation was 69; 19 were yellow, the expectation was 23; 25 were wine colored, the expectation was 23; 8 primrose and the expectation was 8. ‘The light yellow Primrose Perfection and the dark red form, crossed to give wine colored flowers Other interesting crosses have been made, and there are many others that can be made for all varieties, and apparently all the species of annual sunflowers can be crossed. One very good hybrid so-called cucumber-leaved sunflower and our ted sunflower. Among other idhings I have worked to secure long curled rays and small disks and this has task of road grading to say: “Your sunflowers are mixed with the wild them!” An old farmer from Kansas, when shown the new pink variety, scratched his head doubt- fully,° “‘I shouldn’t dare have those in my garden, for if one got loose in some man’s farm he’d sure think he was off his head.” Many people ask if. I think the red sun- flowers will be better for chicken feed, which of course moves me to wrath! I always use my finger in carrying the pollen to the pistils, though some hybrid- izers recommend soft brushes and others pin scalpels. Every other day for a week we rubbed pollen on the pistils that were destined to make seeds. We were very fortunate in having an annual for our first experiment, but in spite of that I am always too impatient to wait for all the frost to be out of the © ground, but start some of my most inter- esting seedlings in the house or have them started for me in the greenhouse. By the middle of May the ground outside is ready and our seed bed, with the rows marked by small white markers with numbers in drawing ink, looks like a pygmy’s grave- yard. We water the seeds every day, for that is the secret of gardening in Colorado and we lost many precious seeds before we learned it. In about. three weeks the little seedlings are ready to trans- plant and though not quite so hardy as cabbages they stand transplanting very well, indeed. We watch the skies anxiously for a rainy day, and ‘when it does not come the seed- lings are covered with cans during the day or planted in the late after- noon. The paper bags put on to protect the flowers from the bees and butter- flies serve also to protect the seeds from the birds, for when the seeds begin to ripen finches come in flocks to eat them. Be sure to have the soil just right, for the finest plants will often show real beauty only when given the best possible conditions for growth. was a cross between the been no slight task. One day a workman left his sorts — that’s what ails — | ; | 7 ; | 3 4 © Bis ee Cherries and Plums for the Home Fruit Garden — By J. R. Mattern, ™ EUROPEAN VARIETIES OF PLUMS SUCCESSFUL IN MARYLAND AND STATES NORTH TO VERMONT, AND HEN in planting your garden WEST IN SIMILAR CLIMATES you select your trees to get that richness of flavor that home fruits should have, I am sure NAME COLOR FLAVOR FLESH USES SEASON TYPE TREE REMARKS ’ that you will think of cherries and plums. BRADSHAW Violet Excellent Coarse All Early Upright Big plum In proper locations both are pretty sure Ivattan Prune Purple Good Medium Dryandcan | Late Upright Heavy bearer to yield in two to four years, and regularly LoMBARD Violet Sweet Fine Cooked Midseason Flat or round | Heavy bearer 0) REINE CLAUDE afterward, even without much care. (Green gage ) Yellow Richest Finest All Midseason Upright The most deli- = C1oOus The sensible way of arriving at (Hole can chnata yee ee E ber of trees to plant in home gardens 1S DAMSON Blue Tart Fine Preserving Very late Upright Good sized to consider how much fruit the normal family can use. Several domestic managers have stated these amounts to me, and the average seems to be about 80 quarts of VARIETIES SUCCESSFUL IN NORTH CAROLINA AND STATES NORTH TO VERMONT, AND WEST IN plums, and 120 quarts of cherries. It will SIMILAR CLIMATES (JAPANESE VARIETIES) take about six trees of each fruit to produce these quantities at the age of four to six NAME COLOR FLAVOR FLESH USES SEASON TYPE TREE REMARKS years. This is about the right number of ABUNDANCE Red Sweet, rich Medium All Early Upright Good far South trees for a half-acre garden. In a smaller appre Red Very fine Fine All Midseason Upright Shy bearer garden a less number must be used. For Bursanx Red Good Medium All Midseason Sprawling Good South an eighth acre garden in the Middle or HALE Red (specked)| Fine (peach) Fine All Midseason Sprawling Shy bearer RED JUNE Red Fair Fine All Early Spreading Good far South Central States four trees of each fruit ought to be about right, while in this sized Southern garden, on account of climatic conditions, the cherry trees should number only two, and the plum trees up to six or NATIVE AMERICAN AND HYBRID VARIETIES OF PLUMS THAT SUCCEED GENERALLY THROUGHOUT AMERICA WHERE APPLES SUCCEED NAME COLOR FLAVOR FLESH USES SEASON TYPE TREE REMARKS AMERICA Red Good Medium All Early Sprawling Hardy DeSoto Orange Fair (sour) Medium Cooked Midseason Medium Hardy Gop Golden Honey Finest All Early Upright High quality HaMMER Red Fair Medium Cooked Early Spreading For far South Late Goose Red Fair Medium Cooked Midseason Medium Hardy Mitton Crimson Good Medium Cooked Early Sprawling Hardy OctroBER PURPLE Purple Splendid Very fine All Very late Upright Good raw OMAHA Red High Coarse All Early Upright Hardy SHIRO Golden Honey Finest All Very early Upright Delicious Witp GoosE Red Fair Fine Cooked Very early Sprawling SWEET VARIETIES OF CHERRIES: GOOD IN MASSACHUSETTS AND STATES SOUTH TO VIRGINIA, AND WEST IN SIMILAR CLIMATES (TREES LARGE) NAME COLOR RIPE . FLAVOR FLESH USES REMARKS Binc bs Black Early Fine Soft All Immense. Good East and West The Abundance, an early ripening red Japanese plum of Brack TARTARIAN Black Early Good Soft All Best eer 1a. 2 to Mich. h, t fl : ae ae Cor’s TRANSPARENT Amber Early Fine Soft All Mottled DIKEMAN Black Very late Good Firm Canand pre- | Latest ripening; sweet even more. In Northern gardens two to serve four trees of each fruit is the right number Dowyer’s Red Midseason | Good poe A POE SB ani 4VLICn. for the small garden. Ina garden of an GovEeRNoR Woop Amber Early Delicious Firm All Mediumsize. Very acre or so in the Central States I should Le Ae ee ae : ee: t J ge. plant about ten cherry trees and fifteen ‘™"**? Bee OC Noemi ate : Wear stdiiee plum trees. Rockport Yellow Midseason Fine Firm Canand pre- | Tender and good sh serve There ane hundreds of varieties of these ScHMIDT Red Midseason Fine Firm Can and cook Color almost brown fruits. The varieties differ radically in Ysrrow sranisu Yellow Midseason | High Firm All Medium to large adaptabilities and habits of growth, and otherwise. The accompanying lists name those sorts that I think are best for home — coy VARIETIES OF CHERRIES, GOOD WHEREVER APPLES SUCCEED, SOUTH, CENTRAL AND NORTH gardens, enough of them to give the entire . (TREES SMALL) \ range of ripening season, color, and flavor of fruit, and suitability for different loca- NAME COLOR RIPE FLAVOR FLESH USED REMARKS tions and purposes. — _} ________ The terms “early,” “midseason,” and ABESSE Red Midseason Fine Soft Cooked Reihts cy t ” d t h th ti iy th DYEHOUSE Red Very early Fine Soft Canned Acid brisk al €, are use 0 Show € time wt en : € May DvuKE Red Very early Fair Firm All Acid mild varieties ripen because dates of ripening Mowrworency Red Midseason | Rich Firm Cooked and | Pa.,N.Y.and Ohio change with the latitude. Reine Claude aed 1 § f a t 4 ad 2 Cc 5 d MorRELLO Red Late Rich Soft Preserved For pies, preserves plum, tor imstance, a midseason variety, Over Red Early Rich Soft All Acid mild. Good far ripens in the latitude of Philadelphia about SOE the middle of September In New York R®!NE Hortense Red Late Delicious Firm All Newly vieet Good nA F 3 out it ripens nearer the first of October, while Rovar Duxe Red Midseason Rich Firm Cooked Beautiful tree in Virginia it is ripe in August. Mont- Suva Red Late Fair Firm Cooked Hardy, morency cherry is a midseason variety. It Wracc Red Very late Fine Firm Cooked Adaptation general 335 ee oh ol 336 THE GARD EON OMA Graig ; f s “NaS A very early plum of fair flavor, excellent for cooking, is the Wild Goose. It succeeds wherever apples can be grown ripens in New York about the middle of July, about the first of July in Maryland, and early in June in North Carolina. Nearly all the varieties named in the lists are large. The biggest cherries are an inch and a quarter in diameter, and the biggest plums two inches. Two or three of the varieties produce smaller fruit, but amply make up for this deficiency by their extra high quality. The European and Japanese plums are larger than the Ameri- can sorts, and the sweet cherries are larger than the sour kinds. Soft fleshed sorts are best for use raw. Firm fleshed varieties look best when canned. The trees differ in size and shape. Sweet cherry trees are as large, or larger, than apple trees, and grow erect and straight in branch and trunk. They have handsome reddish brown bark that peels in strips around the trunk and limbs. Sour cherry trees are much smaller, and generally are low and spreading, irregular and some- what crooked. Some plum trees are as . Straight as a soldier on parade, and others sprawl about like a baby in the sun. If it is desirable to have these dwarfed in your garden, you can make them so by proper pruning. There are such things as dwarf cherry and plum trees, but these are not as effective or as successful as dwarf apple and pear trees. If you must have the very smallest trees take up the matter with a reliable nursery and get plum trees on dwarf cherry roots, and cherry trees either on the sand cherry, or on Prunus Besseyi stock. Very little data is available on the varieties that suc- ceed best when dwarfed. Under no circumstances plant seedling plum and cherry trees for half of them will be worthless. Only budded or grafted trees should be used, and if you can get them it is best to use only trees budded or grafted from bearing parents. For the South plum trees may be budded on peach roots. Such trees are valuable in light soil. For Central and Northern States, however, these peach-rooted plum trees are worthless, and your trees should be on plum roots. Cherry trees on native wild or Mazzard roots are hardier than others, and for the North are about the only kind to plant. For the South cherry trees on Mahalab roots are good. These make smaller trees than Mazzard roots, and thrive a little the better in heavy soil. Where extreme hardiness is required of the cherries use Mazzard or Morello roots, crown grafted with six-inch cions. Plant these trees so that only the top bud of the cion of each is above ground. Plum trees ought to be set 8 to 12 or 18 feet apart, and cherry trees 15 to 25 feet apart. The distance depends on the type of trees you require. To make clearer the characteristics of the various types, I will explain, taking cherries first. The sour cherries named in the table herewith will thrive as far South as in Northern Texas and Florida, and as far North as in New Brunswick and Manitoba. Some sorts do best South, others North, as indicated in the table. In general I recommend sour cherries for planting wherever apples do well. Sweet cherries, however, usually freeze north of the Straits of Mackanaw (Mich.), middle New York and southern Vermont, and they fail to bear or split their bark south as far as Virginia and North Carolina, unless the locality is very high above sea-level. In general, sweet cherries are most at home in mountain and rolling sections, and sour cherries on low or flat land. Sweet cherries are prone to grow too fast, and will stand little nitrogen. All cherries do well on most any land that is not too wet, but prefer fairly light loam. If there is any difference, sweet sorts do better than sours in ground lacking enough moisture. Sour varieties bloom later than sweet sorts, and are caught less by late spring frosts. The high quality varieties of cherries are about as hardy as any sorts, but not so with plums. With plums the richest and finest fruit js produced by the European varieties, and these sorts thrive only in a limited section, as the table tells. The Japanese plums may be classed as second best quality. They succeed where Euro- pean varieties will not do well. sorts are big growers and heavy yielders, especially in light land, but as a general rule they should not be planted in a home garden in a location where European varieties succeed, except for variety. The range of the European sorts is about the same as that of sweet cherries. The plums that stand Northern winters and Southern summers well, are the native American varieties, and the hybrids of these and other species. Some of the best and most popular varieties are hybrids. All the hybrids in our list are of very high Japanese JuLty, 1914 quality and are thrifty. The native vari- eties are third best in quality, but often are preferred for cooking into certain kinds of preserves and jellies, etc., on account of their tart flavor. The hybrids all have different and new flavors. In passing, it may be said that each species group of plums has its own type flavor. A good many of the very best plum varieties were developed during the last fifteen or twenty years, or even later. In the list certain groups of related varieties, all high quality, are represented by one, which is considered to be the best of the lot. In this way, for instance, of that fine and delicious group comprising Golden Gage, Peter’s Gage, Imperial Gage, Bavay’s, Green Gage, Lawrence and Reine Claude, I include only the last named. A prune, to use the com- mercial definition, is any plum that is dried. Among growers, however, it is considered to mean a plum of violet or blue color, large size with a hollow about the seed. Both cherries and plums thrive and yield with far less culture and feeding than peaches require, and than apples should have. If you see that you are not pre- pared to give your garden the best of care, you will be wise in planting fewer peaches and more plums and cherries. In any garden, even the smallest, provide for cross pollination by planting at least two varieties, and three or four are better. This insures not only the setting of the fruit, but the maturing of finer, larger fruit. CMMH@]@. YY: Copyright by The black sweet cherry, Bing, is good both East and West. It is an early variety of fine, sweet flavor : ds SYMPOSIUM ON THE EVER NEW YET OLD QUESTION: ARE BUDDED PLANTS REALLY BET- \ TER THAN Re Ls v [Epitors’ Note: We extend an invitation to our readers to contribute any actual facts that may have a bearing on this problem — mere opinions will not help. This discussion is continued from the June issue.) Dr. W. Van Fleet, Experimentalist, and Raiser of New Roses. Now with Depart- ment of Agriculture, Rounds U p the Question: The question of own root as .against budded roses is largely a matter of the grower’s ideals in rose culture. If he goes in for exhibition type flowers with their long stems and massive foliage, he will want all the help he can get from the extensive root system of the most con- genial stocks on which his weak-growing varieties can be worked. He will be willing to sacrifice individuality of plant and bloom for the sake of size and vigor of individual shoots. On the cther hand the rose lover who regards his plants as individualities to be studied, humored, and coddled as well when necessary, but to be considered as a whole in every aspect, of habit, stature, leaf, branch, bud, and bloom, will likely prefer, as experience is gained, to have as many of his pets as possible develop unaided on their own root systems. Of course, there are rose varieties, and fine ones too, that do not form sufficient roots when propa- gated by cuttings or layers to make vigor- ous plants, and these are best budded, grafted or inarched on congenial stocks such as Manetti, multiflora, briar or Rosa laxa. The use of R. rugosa, R. Carolina and other species sending out long under- ground shoots or stolons that come to the surface some distance from the stool should be avoided for bedding and indoor roses. All rose stocks, in common use, are given to suckering from the base unless the union is deeply planted, but Manetti usually offends least in this particular and is, under ordinary circumstances, a strong and persistent grower. _I have had better success with roses worked on Manetti when planted in heavy and medium soils than on any other stock yet tested. For sandy soils multiflora de la Grifferz seems well adapted, but the suckering tendency is a great nuisance though not to be compared to the trouble caused by the stolon-producing species. Rosa laxa makes a fair stock but does not show espec- ial vigor under our climatic conditions. A great proportion of the rose plants imported into this country are budded on dog rose or briar (Rosa canina) which generally does well in Northern Europe, but is not particularly adapted for this country as regards maintaining vigor of growth in many of the bedding roses for which it is compelled to furnish the root systems; and it certainly is a nuisance in the way of sending up suckers in late summer, just when reserve growth for the oncoming winter should be made. The demand for big, showy plants, re- gardless of their lasting qualities, particu- larly among the dwarfer varieties of the ever-blooming sections, is doubtless the main incentive for the profuse foreign output of budded rose plants. Practically every introducer of a new variety feels it incumbent to bud or graft many thousands of his novelty on the stock that is likely to produce the rankest vegetative growth with little regard to its fitness in preserv- ing the individuality of the plant as a whole, or its possible lack of permanence, and these over-developed monstrosities are distributed far and wide, leading often to very erroneous conclusions as to the characteristics of the variety. It would appear that the art of cutting propagation was all but lost in certain quarters, but it is well preserved in this country and we can still procure an exceedingly wide range of rose types and varieties so propagated as to develop excellent root systems of their own, and these plants in the long run are far more likely to give satisfaction than similar ones worked on nurse plants, though more time may be needed for their full develop- ment of the former. A bed of Hybrid Perpetuals from rooted cuttings, planted by me in 18ga, still contains some of the original bushes, now almost old enough to vote, but still in fair condition, though many successions of budded plants of the same varieties have fallen by the wayside. When Teas, Hybrid Teas, Remontants, Noisettes, Wichuraiana and Multiflora climbers and a host of garden roses can be had with good roots of their own, I would unhesi- tatingly recommend them in place of budded or grafted plants, whether home grown or imported, unless the desire is for immediate transient effect or for the production of very long-stemmed show blooms, and for the latter purpose there are many varietal exceptions to the rule of stronger growth on profusely rooted host plants. When, however, the grower wishes to develop a Baroness Rothschild, a Victor Hugo, or a Lyon Rose, among the bedders or a Maréchal Niel under glass, he had better have the former worked on Manetti 337 and the Niel on Cherokee or Rosa Banksia. All will root from properly selected cuttings or layers, but the subsequent growth is not always vigorous. And if he wants tree or weeping standards of Conrad F. Meyer or the new climbers, he should have them budded high on strong canes of rugosa, for while the latter is exceptionally objectionable for dwarf varieties, it can be strongly commended as a stock for tree effects. The canes seem to be _ longer- lived than dog briars so much in favor abroad, extremely hardy as to cold and they withstand the hot suns and drying winds of our climate far better, while the root system is less given to sulks, but hustles early and late to gather plant food for the developing tops. Suckers, always an intolerable nuisance among bedding roses, are easily seen and quickly suppressed about the bare stems of the tree standards. When generously and continuously fed the rugosa stock goes far to justify the highly artificial and formal fad of tree rose effect. Rosa Carolina and R. Californic: ought to be tested out for tree rose stocks in this country, the former for the North and the latter for Southern localities. J. D. Eisele, Manager of the Nurseries, Henry A. Dreer, Inc., Pennsylvania, says: With the many years’ experience which we have had in growing roses, both on own roots as well as grafted or budded plants, we, in every instance, give prefer- ence to the budded stock, as it produces not only stronger plants, better flowers, and more of them, but, when properly planted, it is longer lived. While there is no perceptible difference with some of the stronger-growing Hybrid Perpetual, Wichuraiana, Rambler and sim- ilar sorts, there is a vast difference in choicer and more delicate varieties. This is particularly noticeable in the Hybrid Tea class. Not only the great percentage of Hybrid Tea roses, but also some of our choicest Hybrid Perpetuals make practically no growth when planted in the garden on their own roots, except in such favored localities for rose growing, as on the Pacific Coast and in some of the Gulf States But, even in these favored localities, not only the commercial grower but also the amateur, who has had any experience at all, gives preference to the budded stock. The average amateur has an abhorrence 338 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JuLty,1914 for budded or grafted plants, and a greatly exaggerated fear of the possibility of wild suckers starting from the stock on which the choicer varieties are budded. This danger of suckering, while always possible, by the use of suitable types of stocks, prop- erly prepared, is reduced to a minimum, and the occasional wild shoot which does appear is so distinct in appearance that any amateur, who is sufficiently interested to plant a choice rose, will readily recognize it and remove it as soon as it appears. At very little cost every amateur can settle this much-agitated question for himself. Take any one or all of the fol- lowing list selected at random from varieties recommended in every American catalogue as being excellent bedding or garden roses: Caroline Testout, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Killarney, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Lady Ashtown, Mme. Jules Grolez, Mme. Leon Pain, Mme. Ravary, Prince de Bulgarie, General MacArthur, La France, Duchess of Wellington, My Maryland, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Lady Alice Stanley, Mrs. Wake- field Christy Miller. Secure a strong two- year-old, own-root plant from a reliable source, at the same time procuring a good two-year-old budded plant; plant the two side by side, and we are certain that, long before the season is well advanced, you will be convinced of the superiority of the budded stock and will plant only budded plants when obtainable. J. T. Scott, Professional Florist and Com- mercial Plant Grower in N.Y. State, Says: In answer to your question ‘Which is the better — own root or budded roses” I would, true to Scotch tradition, answer your question, at least in part, by asking another: ‘‘Why budded roses?” The roots of the present-day Hybrid, Tea, and Hybrid Tea roses are very sparse. Some Tea roses, particularly, have but one main root and a few straggling laterals, and every one who tries to transplant roses that have been growing in one place for several years knows what poor roots they have when lifted, and how hard it is to successfully transplant them. Because their roots are sparse and wiry they natur- ally need a heavy, stiff soil—or as we say in horticultural parlance, ‘‘a rose soil” — and heavy feeding with various fertilizers to bring out their best qualities. Such natural soils are frequently found, and on their own roots roses flourish in it to perfec- tion. But unfortunately all soils are not good rose soils. Rose soils can be made, but usually the expense is greater than the thing is worth. The roots of our wild roses, the canina, rubiginosa, etc. (which are used for bud- ding on) are fibrous. They naturally grow on rough, gravelly, shallow, and poor grounds. They belong to a hardier race and can stand abuse and neglect. Roses that are budded on such roots can be planted in any kind of a soil and will give good results — but be it remembered that any kind of a plant responds to good treat- ment. Budded and grafted roses respond much quicker than own root roses do. A two-year old budded plant is bigger than a three-year old own root plant, and a young grafted plant will be larger at the age of two months than an own root plant will be at the age of six months. I well remember the time about ten years ago when Robert Simpson, of Cliftondale, N. J., read a paper in Philadelphia before the American Rose Society on the advant- ages of grafted roses for greenhouse use. The largest rose growers of the country attended that meeting and almost every one of them ridiculed Mr. Simpson’s theory. Every one of those men is to- day planting grafted roses. In less than five years they all fell in line. Mr. Simp- son’s story told the truth: ““You get much quicker results; you do not have any more root trouble with eel worm; you can water grafted roses every day.” A prominent and successful rose grower was asked recently if he was not afraid of souring his ground by using so much water, to which he replied, “If it sours we will wash it out.”’ Any one can water grafted roses but it takes an expert to water own root stock successfully. These are the facts that converted the skeptics, and the rule that applies to indoor roses also ap- plies to outdoor stock. But of course there are exceptions to every rule. Yellow roses as a rule do not take kindly to any of the stocks mentioned. Sunburst, one of the finest yellow roses, will not do well either grafted or budded. The stock and cion do not seem to agree. They do better on the Banksia stock but, this is not hardy and cannot be used outdoors in our climate. Sunburst is naturally a strong grower and does well on its own roots. The hybrids of rugosa, such as Conrad F. Meyer, Blanch de Coubert, etc., are equally as good on their own roots. Frau Karl Druschki, Gruss an Teplitz, J. B. Clark, Ulrich Brunner, and the naturally strong growing roses can all be successfully grown on their own roots. A number of Tea roses when once estab- lished are better on their own roots. This applies to the Cochets, George Na- bonnand, Belle Siebrecht, and the stronger growing varieties. The complaints and criticisms that we hear about budded stock do not arise purely from the fact that they are budded, but from how they are budded. Much of our home grown and particularly our im- ported roses are budded too high. They are often budded eight to ten inches up the stem. When planting the graft or bud should be buried at least six inches below the surface of the soil, and in order to do this (with the high budding) the roots must be at least from fifteen to eighteen inches below the surface. This is much too deep. These long stems are also continuously throwing suckers, and if unchecked arrest the growth of the true rose. It is from this that the complaints arise. If they were grafted two inches or budded three to four inches up the stem, this would be very largely eliminated. When planted with the bud exposed to the atmosphere, as we often see, failure is a foregone conclusion. But when the bud or graft is buried six inches, the true rose forms auxiliary roots and in this way the best results are obtained. The rule of exception applies very fully to all the Rambler rose family. They naturally are as strong stock as could pos- sibly be used, and there is no need or reason for budding them. They are also easy to propagate, from green wood in sum- mer or from dormant wood in early spring. George H. Peterson, Rose Specialist of New Jersey, Writes: My experience in growing roses covers two periods of ten years each, first as an amateur, and then as a commercial grower. As an amateur I confess that I was at first an own root theorist myself, but actual tests of budded roses of the same varieties and in the same beds with own root stock convinced me, admittedly against my will, that in theory I was wrong. Budded roses gave me more growth and flowers, and more vigor to endure the cold of winter. As I could see it, there was but one ob- jection, i. e. occasional suckering from the wild root; but after a little observation I could detect at a glance the wild growths and remove them quickly while young and soft. And so, while still an amateur grower, I grew to prefer budded roses to own root, and in almost every class of roses except the Hybrid Wichuraiana clim- bers. The wild rose stocks make much stronger, more fibrous roots, and hence increase the feeding capacity of the plant. During my period as an amateur rosarian the three stocks most generally used were Manetti, canina, and rugosa; and, it is true, they all suckered more or less. But to-day we have a form of multiflora from Japan which has a wonderful root system, and is practically suckerless. Of course, there is always more or less inquiry for own root plants, and to endeavor to meet this demand I have made thorough attempts to grow own root roses out-of- doors, both at home here and in North Carolina and Georgia; but even with the most thorough preparation and care, the results have been a comparative failure. Three years ago I abandoned the attempt entirely. Jf own root roses could be grown successfully out-of-doors it would be pro- fitable for the commercial grower to so raise them as the method of propagation is most simple and quick, and:much time would be saved. On the Pacific coast and in the extreme south, own root roses as a rule are much more successfully grown than over the balance and greater portion of our country, but even .there, properly budded roses will do still better. Many of the very finest varieties of Hybrid Teas today are too weak of growth to be grown on their own roots, and were it not for budded plants. we would have to do without them. HE two old favorites, calceolaria and cineraria, are still the stand- bys for succession of bloom in the average greenhouse during the late winter and early spring. They lend themselves to so many situations and, if massed, will give striking color effects which can be used in many schemes of interior decoration. The great secret in the cultivation of both these plants is getting them started early enough. Bear in mind, too, that it is the best kind of wisdom to buy the highest grade seed that the trade offers. CALCEOLARIAS “|e ae herbaceous hybrid calceolaria is rather easy to grow, yet strange to say it is not very common in the small greenhouse. It is sure to bloom, and for spring decorative work in pots or as a cut flower there is no plant that is more at- tractive, with its enormous clusters of beautifully splashed and tinted and odd shaped slipper-like flowers. Early in July is the best time to sow the seed, although good results have been obtained from sowings made in early August and even at any time up to January. The seeds are small and care must be exercised in sowing. Be sure to procure a good strain of seed. .I tested this out very carefully to my own satisfaction; a cheap strain of calceolaria seed is almost worthless because one gets not only a very poor range of colors but a very inferior growth. - a Have a compost that is very free, using plenty of leafmold, with a liberal sprink- ling of sand and the balance good turfy loam. Be sure to .put some drainage in the bottom of the seed pan and about half an inch of sphagnum moss over this to prevent the soil from clogging up the drainage. Calceolarias will not stand a wet soil. Over the moss place about one inch of coarse material selected from the compost; then add about one half to three quarters of an inch of the sifted compost. Firm slightly, using the tips of the fingers, then smooth off the top, and be sure it is per- fectly level. Sow the seed thinly and do not cover; simply press the seeds into the soil with a seed board. Be careful when watering. I always place the pan in a pail of water To Be Sown Now For Winter Bloom By W. C. McCottom, NEw York so that the water will be about half way up on the pan. Hold it in this position for several minutes and the water will soon appear on the surface as the soil readily absorbs moisture. Another method is to lay a piece of cheesecloth on top of the soil and water through this, but the former method is by far the better. After watering, the pan should beset away, using a glass cover with a paper on top for shade to prevent the soil from drying too rapidly. Watering should always be done by the dipping method so long as the seedlings are allowed to remain in the pans. Do not allow the seedlings to crowd too much. When they have attained proper size, transfer to thumb pots and from then on keep potted as required, using a richer. mixture each time. The soil for the final potting (which should be a seven inch pot for good flowers) must be fairly rich. A good compost is made as follows: Sift some well rotted cow manure and use one third of this, a good third of sod loam and a scant third of leafmold, with just a sprinkling of sand —about one shovelful to every twelve of the mixture —to keep it open. When potting give the plants small shifts and do not ever pot them before they are well rooted in the pot they are in and have exhausted the good elements from the soil. At the same A fine type of calceolaria. flowers aré very striking 339 The showy markings on the time care must be exercised that the plants do not become pot bound. Either extreme is bad. Liquid feeding can be resorted to but not until the flowering spikes appear. Liquid cow manure is best for this purpose, starting with a weak liquid and gradually working up to a good strong mixture. You can not make any rule for this as the condition of the plants must be your guide. During the entire summer the young plants must be kept partially shaded. The north side of a building is not bad, but a slat trellis is better. This admits enough strong sun to prevent the plants from becoming soft and sappy. I usually carry the young plants along in a coldframe with a cinder bed beneath them. Do not mzke the soil sour by overwater- ing and do not let the plants wilt for lack of moisture. Spray lightly several times a day all season. About October tst bring the plants indoors and place them in the coolest house you have. Forty degrees at night suits them very well but they can also be grown satisfactorily at a much higher temperature, although at the higher temperature the plants become rather soft and are apt to be infested with green fly. This, by the way, seems to be the only insect enemy of the calceolaria. A good plan is to put tobacco stems between the pots and spray about every week with some standard insecticide; but if they get the better of you, fumigating must be resorted to. After the flowers have passed the plants can be thrown away; they are use- less after once flowering. CINERARIAS HE cineraria offers to the owner of a small green- house the means of having a supply of pot plants during the late winter and early spring; it is also valuable as a cut flower, and is of such easy cultivation that the veriest tyro can have suc- cess. : It is worth while taking pains to select a good strain of seed of cin- eraria. While every seedsman from Maine to California claims to have the most superb strain, known as “Jones’s Large Flowering,” ‘‘Smith’s Perfection,’ or some other such name, and while some of these are quality seeds, = yet it should be remembered that most of them obtain their supplies from one common source and the would-be pur- 340 THE GA BR DEN MAG Zou Nee Juty,1914 chaser must use his own judgment in se- lecting. The cineraria is a typical greenhouse plant and good seeds are hard to procure in the general market, since the best strains are raised from selected plants under glass, and comparatively few seed growers have the necessary accommodation. One result of this is that our supply of cineraria seed is from unselected stock and is bound to repro- duce results much inferior to what the plants are capable of producing. Some seedsmen specialize on the cineraria and seeds pro- cured from such specialists can be depended upon to bring forth the best results. For pot work the large flowering type (Cineraria hybrida) is by far the best; for cut flowers use the small flowering type (Cineraria stellata). Sow the seeds in pans about the latter part of July or the first part of August. Prepare the pans and sow the seed as recommended for calceolaria. Water the young seedlings very carefully until the seedlings are well up, when they should be potted up into thumb pots. When the plants are well rooted in the thumb pots, they must be transferred to larger pots. Continue this repotting until the plants are given their final shift which will be into seven-inch pots. Care must be used in transplanting not to “over pot”, and do not let the plants become pot bound. The only proper way to tell when a plant needs repotting is to knock the plant out of the pot. This is done by holding the plant between the first and second fingers of the left hand and inverting the pot, tapping the edge of the pot on the bench. If the pot is found to be filled with roots, it is safe to move the plant into a larger pot but not otherwise. The cineraria likes a cool, dry atmosphere and the best place to carry the plants along during the summer is the north side of a building or a partially shaded coldframe. They do not like the full sun and too much shade makes them soft, so a little judgment must be used. A good plan is to set the plants on inverted flower pots or place a couple of inches of sifted cinders beneath the pots to afford proper drainage. Care must needs be used in watering and the plants must be sprayed frequently. This spraying, however, must be confined to a very fine mist. About the first of October the plants must be brought indoors and about this time given their final shift into a seven-inch pot, giving them a fairly rich yet porous soil. A good mixture is about one third sifted manure, one third good turfy leam, about one third sifted leafmold, one shovelful of sand to twelve of this compost and a shovelful of bone meal to every twelve of compost. When potting always place some drain- age in the bottom of the pot, with some rough material, such as moss, over it to prevent the soil from getting in and clog- ging the drainage. Sifted cinders or broken pots are ideal means of drainage. A night temperature of 45 degrees is ideal for these plants, but with good care they can be grown five degrees either side of this mark. In fact, I have seen good plants grown in a carnation house, but there is danger of the plants getting too soft when grown at a high temperature. The plants should be sprayed lightly but frequently to keep down green fly. The placing of tobacco stems between the plants as apreventive is good, but if the aphis once gets on the plants, spraying or fumi- gating must be resorted to. Some stand- ard insecticide is all right for the spraying; for fumigating hydrocyanic acid gas is best. Some of the tobacco fumigants are fairly satisfactory. When the flowering spikes appear the plants will stand frequent feedings of liquid fertilizer, using liquid cow manure or some standard fertilizer. The stellata form of cineraria is extremely decorative. The older type is dwarf and much stiffer a A a Oe mg get Ne ont go gE ERE SRT TE Re Me peng RSE Or em Philosophizing with Anchusas— By Sherman R. Duffy, *: EFORE undertaking the culture of the Italian alkanets, Anchusa Ttalica in variety, it is advisable to spend a giddy evening reading Emerson’s essay on Compensation. If it has been read previously, read it again. At the conclusion of this literary effort, the reader should be in a proper frame of mind and sufficiently philosophic to succeed. Emerson and calm contemplation would save nurserymen from obloquy, undeserved in most cases, and tranquilize the reader. Here are the facts which usually lead to the annexation of the anchusa: “One of the finest tall blue hardy perennials in cultivation; grows from six to seven feet and forms a pyramid of gentian blue flowers one inch in diam- eter, the season of bloom lasting for nearly two months.” These facts are presented by nurserymen in their catalogues; they may also be found sometimes in gardening magazines. Here are the facts which will present themselves when the new owner of an Italian alkanet gets acquainted with his latest treasure: That it isn’t seven or even six feet tall, growing not more than three feet or three feet and a half in height. That the blossoms aren’t more than a half-inch in diameter. That it isn’t a pyramid but one straight stalk with a few straggling branches. That it isn’t a perennial. ‘ Cheer up! and return to Ralph Waldo on Compensation. Both sets of facts are more or less true; and, fortun- ately, more than less. The an- chusa as it comes from the nursery is living up to the compensation idea. It’s doing the best it can under the circumstances. It is very safe to calculate that for every loss of root when a plant is taken from the earth, there is bound to bea corresponding loss of top. They are inter- dependent and theoretically about equal. The anchusa has thick fleshy roots that go deep. It is impossible to dig a plant of blooming size without breaking every last one of them. It is a fair estimate to say that not more than a quarter of the root system can be dug with a saleable plant. Therefore, with three quarters of the root system gone, there will be a compensating deficiency of top. But it is not a hard matter to grow the six-footers with patience. Buy the an- chusas in the fall, about the middle of September to the first of November will be a good time. The plants will arrive with possibly eight or nine inches of stubby, thick roots. This is the right material to start with. It would be much better if the roots were a foot long, but nursery- men haven’t time to mine for plants to sell. There are times when the plants look as if they had been blasted out of the ground, but on the whole they are as good as could be expected. Real anchusas must be hand raised and personally conducted. They are propa- gated by root cuttings. They will not come true from seed and will not divide satisfactorily. The roots should be cut into sections from two to three inches long. The cuttings must be kept right end up. Professional propagators have a trick of The anchusa has a much branched in- florescence. This shows one lateral branch & cutting the top square and the bottom of a root cutting on the bias so there can be no mistake about it. There will be sec- tions of root ranging in thickness from more than an inch to a quarter of an inch. They should be placed in flats aboat three inches apart, watered, and placed in a cold frame for the winter. In the spring nearly every cutting will send up tufts of leaves. It is time to return to Emerson again. There are to be no six-foot pyramids of blue for a year. When leaf growth has reached a stage where there are three or four leaves, showing that the root system 341 is beginning to develop, the young an- chusas are ready for permanent quarters. They need deep, light, rich soil, and sun. They will rot in heavy soil during the winter months and even a percentage may do so in light soil, but they are not nearly so likely to do so their first year as they are the second. They should be well cultivated during the season, given liquid manure now and then and plenty of water. By fall there will be a big rosette of coarse, hairy leaves, about eight inches long and two inches wide. This is a prophecy of the six-foot pyramid of blue. Give them a mulch when the ground freezes and pile a little earth or sand over them so there will be no chance for water to stand about the roots. The next spring, the big flower stalk will start in early May and by early June the flowers will be expanding. How- ever, I never had them grow to one inch in diameter. Half to three quarters of an inch is perfectly satisfactory and with numerous side branches adding to the main column, the pyramid is constructed and in its glory by the middle of June. By cutting off old shoots as soon as they are done blooming, new ones are encouraged and there will be a fair show of bloom until August. Cut the blooming stalks to the ground as soon as the flowers have withered, fertilize, and water copiously. A number of new root leaves will appear and the plant prepares for the following season. Save one of the strongest plants for root cuttings. Of these old plants it is my experi- ence that not more than 60 per cent. will pull through another winter. Those which do, however, give the finest bloom. As the plants grow old, the fleshy roots split or become hollow, water collects in the cavities during winter, and they rot. I have never kept one anchusa, blooming size, for more than two winters. To summarize: Anchusa Italica is not hardy in heavy soil. It cannot be regarded as more than biennial in any soil. A percentage of the plants will be lost in light soil. It needs rich, deep, well drained soil to reach its best development. Above all, the roots must be kept fairly dry in winter. hee It must be propagated annually to maintain a supply. If it is necessary to work three seasons to bring an anchusa to full development and it-isn’t reliably hardy, it is natural to ask why grow it at-all. The most practical reason is that it is the only tall growing, blue, early summer perennial except the larkspurs and its blooming season extends over a much longer period. It is as showy as the larkspur and well worth the trouble. There are three varieties of Anchusa Italica commonly offered for sale, the Dropmore variety, Perry’s variety, and Opal. The first named is the deep blue called by horticulturists “‘gentian”’ blue. Perry’s variety is a more robust form of Dropmore and Opal is a paler blue. Are You Going Abroad? A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE CHIEF POINTS OF GARDENING INTEREST — PLACES THAT ARE EASILY REACHED, AND HOW BEST TO GO TO THEM, WITH SOME INDICATIONS OF THE LESSONS THAT MAY BE LEARNED (Epitors’ NOTE: for a guide to the chief centres of interest across the ocean. This brief guide to the gardens of Europe has been prepared to satisfy the needs of many readers who have asked, from time to time, It is, of course, not a complete itinerary, but it is felt that it gives briefly the chief features, and how they may be seen, of the gardens of England, France and Germany. The gardens of Italy are not treated at this time, as they are a matter of their own.) HOSE among us whose great absorbing pas- sion is for flowers, fruits and gardens cannot rest content until we have been to and seen that land of good gardens — England. For the whole country-wide has been spoken of as a garden. Protests are being raised in England to-day against keeping the roadside too tidy. This tidiness is due to the advanced knowledge of the farmers, but it would be a thousand pities if dear old England should become a mere truck farmer’s country and land of scientific agriculture. It has been scientifically farmed in the past, de- spite the fact that the hedge banks in the lanes were left in their exuberant rural wildness, with a prodigality of sweet briar, honeysuckle, trav- ellers’ joy, barbery, bryony, bindweed and other vines, beneath which the sweet violets, primroses, herb Robert, eyebright, speedwell, ragged Robin, lords and ladies, and Jack by the Hedge flourished. One need not fear, however, that the beauty of rural England is going to pass yet awhile; we can safely count it as an asset and feature of permanent interest there. Yet, lovely as the face of the greater part of Eng- land is, especially the central and southern sections, to discover the acme of scenic perfection and to enjoy the best features of gardening in detail, certain estates, parks, and nurseries should be. visited if it is at all possible, and among these I would mention the following: PRIVATE ESTATES Aldenham House, Hertfordshire Friar Park, Berkshire Ascott, Buckinghamshire Floors Castle. Roxburgh- Batsford, Gloucestershire shire, Scotland Cliveden, Berkshire Gatton Park, Surrey Carberry Towers, Midlothian, Gunnersbury House, Mid- Scotland dlesex Castlewellan, Co. Down, Ire- Gunnersbury Park, Middlesex land Gravetye Manor, Sussex Claremont, Hampshire Holland House, London Cirencester House, Gloucester- Hillingdon Court, Middle- shire sex Chatsworth, Derbyshire Hever Castle, Kent Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland Downside, Surrey Dropmore, Berkshire, Eastnore Castle Eaton Hall, Cheshire Eastwell Park, Kent Frogmore, Berkshire St Anmne’s, Dublin, Ireland Tilgate, Sussex Tring Park, Hertfordshire Royal Horticultural Society’s ~ Garden, Wisley, Ripley, Surrey $ Kings Walden Bury, Hert- fordshire Leonardslee, Sussex Levens Hall, Westmoreland Murthly Castle, Perthshire, Scotland Myddleton House, Middlesex Overstrand, Norfolk Sutton Place, Surrey Wilton House, Wiltshire Wrest Park, Bedfordshire Warwick Castle, Warwick- shire PUBLIC GARDENS Battersea Park, London Kew Gardens, London Edinburgh Parks and Botanical Peckham Rye Park, London Gardens Pittencrieff Park, Dunferm- Glasgow Parks and Botanical line, Scotland Gardens Regent’s Park, London Greenwich Park, London Torquay Parks, Devon Hampton Court, near London Hyde Park, London FLORISTS’ AND NURSERYMEN’S ESTABLISHMENTS Barr & Sons, Taplow G. Paul & Son, Cheshunt G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Carter & Co., Raynes Park, Cross London Amos Perry, Enfield F. Cant & Co., Colchester W. H. Page, Hampton, Mdx. B. R. Cant & Sons, Colchester Jos. Rochford & Sons. Brox- Charlesworth & Co., Hayward’s — bourne Heath Sutton & Sons, Reading Dobbie & Co., Edinburgh Wallace & Co., Colchester Dicksons, Ltd., Chester J. Waterer, Sons & Crisp, Stuart Low & Co., Enfield Bagshot J. R. Pearson & Sons, Lowd- Merryweather & Sons, South- ham well “ To obtain full information as to the owners of the private estates, and their gardens, also as to the nearest post towns and distances therefrom, the traveller is referred to “‘The Horticultural Direct- ory” for 1914, published at one shilling net, or one shilling and four pence postpaid in the United Kingdom, by the Journal of Horticulture, 10 Essex St., Strand, London. This will be found an invalu- able guide book for the gardens and nurseries. Of course, it would be out of the question to name even a tithe of the good gardens of England, Scot- land and Ireland, not forgetting Wales, but those above named are thoroughly representative. There may occasionally be a difficulty in obtaining per- mission to visit some of these gardens, but as a rule, if a suitable request is made to the owner or his gardener by letter, enclosing a stamp for reply — in the case of those gardens that are not usually opened for public inspection — a favorable answer generally follows. Undoubtedly the finest gardens, with a few excep- tions, lie around London, or within easy reach of it, and when one has devoted a day to Kew Gardens, so full of treasures and has visited the respléndent display of summer bedding and herbaceous flower gardening at Hampton Court, the Old English Gardens at Battersea Park and Peckham Rye Park, each of which are recent additions; and more- over, when one has seen the beautiful water garden- ing at Kensington Palace (contiguous to Hyde Park), and the delights of Hyde Park itself, together with the roses, nympheas and Japanese gardens at Holland House and the Gunnersburys, one has seen some of the finest features of English gardens to-day. The London parks, including Kew, of course, have much improved in recent years, and grand herbaceous borders and other floral arrangements have become a feature. At Hillingdon Court, near London, one finds an Elysian garden of golden leaved shrubs — ivies,.such as we cannot have in America, privet, elm, elder, nuttalia, etc., etc., and a gorgeous array of hardy perennials. Frogmore is the King’s garden, but is really of less general or scenic interest. than Cliveden or Friar Park. Each of these contains remarkably fine ornamental features, and Friar Park is one of the ’ most curious, most interesting, and most charming of the renowned gardens of England at this time. It is a garden of quaint fancies and conceits, a gar- den in which men appear to wade to their neck in water but do not; a garden of underground caves containing all sorts of freakish things; and one which also has many separate little gardens, such as a Tudor garden, an ancient medicinal or monastic garden, the gray garden, the alpine garden, with its miniature of the Matterhorn, and so on. As it lies close to Henley, on a beauty spot of the Thames, it ought certainly to be visited. Another lovely garden is that of Lady North- cliffe, wife of the well known newspaper proprietor, which has wonderful ‘‘color borders.” And if I might take a big step and go up to Norfolk, what a truly remarkable garden and most charming would I find at Lady Battersea’s estate, Overstrand, near Cromer, itself a fashionable seaside resort. This is one of the neatest, best kept, most highly orna- mental, and altogether most captivating gardens the writer has ever seen. Not very far off are the King’s Norfolk gardens, Sandringham, with their pergolas and roses. f But if I were to attempt to say ever so little about all of the places whose names are given there would be small space left in THE GArpEN Macazine for any other matter. Go to Aldenham House for shrubs and prizewinning vegetable gardens; to Dropmore, Castlewellan, Leonardslee, Wilton House and Wrest Park for magnificent evergreens and rare or interesting trees and shrubs; visit Colchester, Cheshunt, Waltham Cross, Maidstone, Lowdham and Southwell for their fruit trees and roses (this allusion is mainly to the nurseries); or go to Carter’s or Sutton’s or Dobbie’s to see complete collections of annuals. Barr, Perry, and Wallace are leading hardy plant nurserymen. Haywards Heath is a great orchid growing centre, and Rochford’s at Broxbourne is one of the largest and most complete florists’ establishments for growing plants, blooms and grapes for market. Lastly, though the Royal Horticultural Society’s garden is only for Fellows of the Society, a request, presented in the proper manner to the Secretary at the Society’s offices, Vincent Square, Westminster, will, I feel sure, procure for the writer, if he or she 342 is an American keenly interested in gardening, the international courtesy of permission to enter. Whoever finds even a tenth part of these nur- series, parks or gardens has a treat in store, and will not have made the visitation without a recom- pense in knowledge, inspiration and happy mem- ories. : J. Harrison Dick The Garden Art In France Americans who wish to instruct themselves in gar- den art cannot give too much attention to the masterpieces of garden composition to be found in Italy, France, England, and Germany. In Italy we may study the Italian style, with its charm of distant views, its fine terraces, its archi- tectural features, and artistic effects to be created with foliage and water. In France we may study another style — the French, created by Le Notre, who teaches us gardening on a grand scale, with great canals, pools, fountains, parterres, and trimmed avenues of deciduous trees, which cover many acres of land. In England we see the value of foliage masses, turf, and flowers; and here we find great beauty and perfection in all styles — Italian, French, Dutch (the only place where the Dutch garden still exists), the Old English, the Geometrical, the Architectural, and the Landscape, or English style. In Germany we find interesting and beautiful examples of the Italian, the French, and the English styles. In Italy, and in France, especially, many fine old gardens were allowed to fall into decay, or were ruthlessly destroyed as the result of wars, political upheavals, financial difficulties, etc., so that we find but few good examples of old gardens where we may see the original design. In France gardening as an art was of little consequence until Le Notre’s great ability created a style (the French) distinctly different from all previous ideas in garden design. Andre Le Notre was one of the most celebrated gardeners that ever lived. His best examples are: Versailles, Chan- tilly, Tuileries, Vaux-le-Vicomte, Fontainebleau, St. Cloud, and Meudon. VERSAILLES (12 miles from Paris, by railway; open to the public daily except Mondays and holi- days). — This great garden at Versailles, designed for Louis XIV about 1661-65, is the finest example of the French style that exists to-day. Le Notre worked 40 years laying out and embellishing this garden of 600 acres, and the enormous sum of $40,000,000 was expended on it. When the garden was first laid out its long clipped alleys, and richly decorated parterres; its groves full of architecture, and gilt trellises; its great fountains, cascades, and canals; its profusion of statues, vases, and urns, were the wonder of not only France, but all Europe. A spectacle well worth seeing is the fountains in play, between 4 and 5 Pp. mM. on Sundays and Thurs- days, a display that costs about $2,000 for each occasion. The garden of the Grand Trianon was laid out at this time in the same formal style. In 1783 Louis XVI had the grounds round the Petit Trianon laid out in the Landscape, or English style, with one feature, the Hamlet, of unusual interest. The Hamlet is a group of several rustic cottages intended to represent an English village. The idea was suggested by J. J. Rousseau’s book “The Village Soothsayer,” which portrays the simple life of the English village. To the Hamlet Queen Marie Antoinette and the ladies of her court came to play the characters described in the ‘‘Sooth- sayer.” CHANTILLY (25 miles from Paris by railway; open to the public on Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, except race-days). — The principal garden features at Chateau Chantilly cover about 500 acres, and are the canals, water parterres, terrace, the Parc de Silvie, laid out in the formal style by Le Notre, about 1663-78, and the Jardin Anglais, (Continued on page 344) But TEE iG ya aR Di EON Jury,1914 HOLLAND BULBS HYACINTHS, OLIPS, bce DARWIN TULIPS, DAFFODILS, etc. Choicest Selection of First-class Quality only. Delivered free in New York or Montreal, Duty Paid. CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO ANT. ROOZEN & SON Bulbgrowers OVERVEEN, HOLLAND nr. Haarlem, = “This book makes you understand intervention in FEWER Mexico.”’—Philadelphia Public Ledger BOOKS The Mexican People Their Struggle for Freedom By L. GUTIERREZ DE LARA and EDGCUMB PINCHON John Reed, Special Correspondent to the Metropolitan Magazine in Mexico, says: “Mr. De Lara’s book gave me the most actual excitement to find in it the incontestable proofs of a racial struggle which I had only guessed at from seeing a little of the present Revolution in the North. It presents the evidence, never denied, of the systematic looting of the peons by Diaz. It confirmed all my superficial and hastily-formed theories of the people and their struggle. And great- est service of all, it exploded the Diaz myth forever.” “To the person who has been bewildered by the ferocity of the fighting and seeming confusion of the issues it will give a lucid explanation of the whole trouble. The book is an expression of the voice of the Mexican com- mon people.” —Pittsburgh Post. “What is badly needed just now is news from Mexico —real news, which will let us know exactly what is happening there. And it happens that there is more of this kind of news in a single volume just issued than in all the dispatches since the beginning of the Madero revolution in t910. The book is called ‘The Mexican People: Their Struggle for Freedom.’ ”’—San Francisco Bulletin. Doubleday Page & Co Second Large Printing. Illustrated. Net $1.50 Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y. Many people cannot get books. If there is no bookstore near you we shall be glad to send books on approval MAGAZINE SAVE Your Lawn, Trees and Garden Don’t let ants, worms, caterpillars, beetles or other in- sect pests destroy your lawn, flowers or kitchen garden. Drive out the insects—it can be done simply—at small expense and without any extra work or bother, with a - ROTARY INSECT RIDDER Patents Pending A simple automatic device at- tached toany regular water connec- tion and dispensing RIDANTS, a and proved. Requires noattention, will last for years. Does every- thing for thecity garden ownerthat a spray pump does for the farmer. Your hardware or department store has or can get the ROTARY IN- SECT RIDDER for you—or will send direct postpaid upon receipt of non-poisonous, tablet insecticide,— or any other standard insecticide, by simply sprinkling with your 15 c. each. Illustrated Bulletin hose in the ordinary way. Tested upon request. THE CLIENABELSNT GALVANIZING WORKS CO. (Established 1886) $2 50 and your dealer’s name. ° Extra RIDANTS Tablets Dept. G Cleveland CORA | “My lawn never looked so fine” writes a user of Calcium-Humus from the far south. “The spots that were burnt brown this time last year are now a perfect green — which stands out brightly against all surrounding lawns.” Protect your lawn now against summer sun. Unlike manure and the raw commercial fertilizers, CALCIUM-HUMUS can be used advantageously in summer weather. Gives quicker results because nature had perfectly blended the constituent elements over a long period of years. Our Free Booklet G tells how to get best lawn results with least work and worry. Includes also full data on our offer of prizes for new uses of CALCIUM- HUMUS. Write for this booklet today. MARYLAND CALCIUM-HUMUS CO. 805 Penn Square Building, Philadelphia Deposit: Pope's Creek, Md. ‘GAL GWM) =HUMUS> (GRASS- GROWE R) on every bag The Readers’ Service is prepared to advise parents in regard to schools 344 YH EG AR DS Nev AG 7 alee, ES EEEE EELS AAAI E TEES LISS ELESEEEEEESISSESS) REESE EEESESESIESESES SESE LIE es bs yy rs re : 3 #1 The C S Side of % e€ ommon ense 1a4e€ oO % 44 rs W 33 ; 44 z hy Alphano Humus Should 34 : 2 %| be Used Y L N Fe Z e sed on our awn OW 4 % RASS roots are naturally shallow. A sod in this your grass and spread it over, scatter about with back of 53 wy country that is more than three or four inches deep rake, rake in well with the teeth and you will be surprised 4S ye is an exception. how quickly even burned and apparently Goad sails will |@@ z Duringthe hotsunsand dry- x Se eines aoe ee 33 ing winds of July and August } Ww: ontim) green w 44 $y g DY ane oust | other grass is having a strug- | os % the surface soil quickly dries j ale = ws & out’and the grass roots must | hes re) y- go down for water. When i This piece of sod shownis |# r% grass is making root growth | froma golf course at Sumner, |@# & its top growth is retarded, ex- _ N.J. It was grown on abso- |G & actly as is true with flowers, ; lutely sterile sea sand, mixed 64 4) vegetables, shrubs and trees. } with one-half Alphano Hu- ‘ hy oy, 2 1 f mus. In six weeks it was 43 bas 4 Frequent watering helps, o inches thick and one compact 3 G4 course, but generally being a mass of fine; fibrous roots oo GH) surface wetting instead of a te Kind! Goa? lama ox eA a it cg Som hime. the hoes Cons pert bends every effort to se- aA o the surfa i and are more exposed than oe yy & ever to the hot sun. Burning Order some Alphano at z A 64, often happens, or the grass once—use it on your lawn #4 aA loses its vigor and is a yellow freely—its cost is so reasona- 4 & green instead of a dark rich | ble you can afford to. Dig rs 54 gray green. What grass needs : it around your shrubs and {jf ] oe: is internal moisture. The nat- flowers and vegetables and 54 z ural conserved moisture of a | give them a boost. rz 64,| soil rich in Humus acts like a If you want to know the |%& 644) big sponge, slowly liberating LS SO 4 wits andl miherciowes of Be |S the moisture as needed. If Bottom view of sod—grown on the soil of an diphano es ] d Alph ¢ aL E eee itera he mus in general, ani phano yy then you give to your lawn, reated golf course at Sumner, NV. F. Humus in particular, sand GA ou pulses nich. te Le for the Humus Book. ‘a & ERG Roo: Voll have not If you want conclusive proor { §- only an ideal Summer dry - ¢ what Alphano Bums wal | forti f lasting o for you as proven by what d bs ae Haran anal ityhas done for others—send 33 & root nourisher as well. Just eg oes : ae for the Con vincent Books a : erie ea - g Zo] het cae Be pg, 88 by the carona mage mee UE &: B ulk. F. 0. B. Alphano, N. J. Ss 5% 8 : y Alph A C iH 4 ano aUmMuUus (eo) rf ‘@ ¥ x y 17C BATTERY PLACE NEW-:YORK CITY ga ie 5 ay oy OLR en Rei tebe rat ee eee ees LEASE ESAS PE SSSSEE SEES Silica a 7. 4 J contains a complete list of everything in Dreer’s Potted Plants for summer planting O not wait till fall or next spring to fillup blanks in your Rosebed, Hardy Border or Shrubbery. Wewill furnish strong pot-grown plants that 7) Seeds, Plants and Bulbs can be planted any time this sum- mer and save months of waiting. Dreer’s Mid-summer Catalogue that may be planted during the summer months. Copy free on request HENRY A. DREER 714-716 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. Japanese Anemone The Readers’ Service will give suggestions for the care of live-stock Juuy, 1914 Are You Going Abroad? (Continued from page 342) laid out in the English style about 1820. The English garden contrasts well with the other parts. It has a graceful little Temple of Cupid, which shows the Art of Treillage. Here, as at Versailles. is a great canal almost a mile long with a small cascade and a circular basin at the east end round which are grouped some of the best statues in the park. One is a statue of Le Notre. The grand terrace in front of the chateau gives an excellent view of the water parterre and great canal. TureERiEs. — The Jardin des Tuileries, near the Louvre in Paris, is always open. The garden de- sign remains much the same as when it was first laid out by Le Notre about 1665. There are several fountains and pools with many excellent statues, singly and in classic groups, and beautiful vases and urns, by the greatest sculptors from 1670 ° to-the present time. VAuUx-LE-VICOMTE (4 miles from Melun, which is 28 miles from Paris; not open to the public, but permission is occasionally granted by the owner, M. Sommier). — This garden was Le Notre’s first attempt (1652-61) at the creation of a new style, and it made him immediately famous. In my opinion it is one of the best examples of the French style. Jt is in an excellent state, having been com- pletely restored and beautified by the present owner. FONTAINEBLEAU (g miles beyond Melun — 37 miles from Paris; open daily to the public). — The parterre, pools, water theatre, and canal (4,000 feet long) were laid out by Le Notre about 1664-67, and are in good condition to-day. The English garden was laid out for Napoleon I. St. CLoup (Suburbs of Paris). — In the lower part of the Park of St. Cloud, which covers 980 acres, is the grand cascade, the one principal feature that remains of the beautiful gardens laid out by Le Notre about 1662. The abundance of water here afforded an excellent opportunity to create a grand cascade, which still remains the finest of its kind in France. Meupon (Suburbs of Paris). — The great ter- race of Meudon, which is built on huge walls. af- fords a beautiful view of Paris. It is one of the original features created by Le Notre. BAGATELLE (In the northwest corner of the Parc Bois de Boulogne, Paris; open to the public). — It is claimed that this garden was laid out in one month on a wager between Marie Antoinette and the Comte d’Artois, who afterward became Charles X. The garden parts, walks and roads, were cut out of the foliage which was most luxuriant at this point in the Parc Bois de Boulogne, and with the addition of many small trees, shrubs, and plants, the garden was completed in one month in 1770. But this feat was made possible only by an ideal foundation with which to start. There are many other gardens of interest and beauty around the chateaux of the Loire, such as Chenonceau and Villandry, laid out by Le Notre, and Chateau Usse, in the formal style, with others laid out in the landscape style, as at Chateau Chau- mont. While these gardens are not of sufficient importance to justify a special trip from Paris to see them, if taken in connection with the famous chateaux, they are well worth the expense and time of a trip to Tours and the chateaux district. German Gardens Worth Seeing Garden art in Germany received its greatest recognition when Frederick the Great had a magni- ficent garden laid out about 1750 at his Sanssouci palace, in Potsdam. That was also the advent of the French style. Sanssouct (In Potsdam, 16 miles from Berlin by rail; open to the public daily). — This great garden by Switzer, a famous landscape architect of the time, was laid out in the mixed style with every feature and ornament of Italian, French and Dutch taste. In the last fifty years the garden has been gradually assuming an Italian aspect. The park, which covers about 1,000 acres, is laid out in the English or landscape style. In many ways this garden is as interesting as Versailles, while in others it is more beautiful. The perfect condition in which it is kept makes it one of the finest public gardens in all Europe. The most interesting features are SE RR AE =: RN NE NTS NER. mete semen * THe GA RD EON MAGAZINE 345 POSITIVE CAP ATTACH MENT Annoyances Solved by © KELSEY HEAT Kelsey heat has no unsightly, in-the- way-radiators. No thumping and knock- ing of pipes. No sizzling of steam. No water to freeze or pipes to leak and spoil floors or ceilings. 6 No gases or dust coming up the regis- ters. No diverting of heat from some rooms to heat others. The Kelsey will satisfactorily and eco- nomically heat any room in any weather with the wind in any direction. It both heats and ventilates at the same time. It saves coal—we can prove it. Kelsey heat is an economizer and healthizer. Send for facts, figures and catalog. + Renters HE Ke LSE dork (ites WARM AIR GENERATOR | 23. 232 James Street, Syracuse, N. Y. = Ss) ‘Si SeeTHr satel eee onte, Get Your Fence Facts Straight From Us REEORE you decide what kind of a fence to buy, or from whom to buy it, let us look into your particular needs and give you some straight facts about the various types of our indestructible iron and wire fencings. Practical suggestions for your particu- lar requirements will be gladly furnished, along with catalog. American Fence Construction Co. 92 Church Street, New York O.COM Now or Never for this Opportunity to get the Choicest Bulbs for Next Spring’s Blooming at Importer’s Prices Daffodils ‘Gulips Hyacinths HILE the memory of the beauty of the bulbs that blossomed so lavishly during the past spring is still fresh, remember that the choicest of them all were ordered last July from the Holland growers where nearly the entire world secures their supply of bulbs, and were planted last autumn. If you value the superb qualities of selected bulbs you must put in your order now. This will enable us to guarantee you the prime specimens, delivering them to you in ample time for fall planting and giving you the benefit of our special prices for direct importation. Crocus Iris If you let this opportunity go unheeded you may not be able to get the best, but will be obliged to accept from your dealer those stock bulbs after the needs of the foresighted buyers have been supplied. Write for our catalog but don’t wait for it before ordering your bulbs. Make your selections from the following special list. Order today. We guar- antee safe delivery. You need not pay until you receive the bulbs unless you wish to do so, but new customers should give reference. No order too small for our most careful attention; none too large for our capacity. Deduct 5% from following prices if cash accompanies order Daffodils Per Per Per Per Per Per i i Poet’s Daffo- Narcissus: Roeticus « oe aS) vs se a 0.15 $0.70 $3.00 Rubra Maxima, double brightred.. .30 1.75 7.00 Narcissus Von Sion (Double Daffo- Murillo, double light pink......... 29 1.25 5.00 GRID) eee Rte Cece d Aner DR ee in as 30 1.90 8.75 Gretchen (Darwin), delicate flesh... .30 2.00 8.00 Narcissus Emperor, unequaled.... 35 2.25 10.00 Gesneriana Maculata, brilliant orange 30 1.75 7.00 Narcissus Golden Spur, most popular .30 1.75 8.00 Narcissus Campernelle (Single yel- Crocus low Jonquils), sweet scented..... 15.75 3.00 Choice Mixed ............--..2...- 50) 2:25 Sane Campernelle (Double Jon- 50 2.00 9.00 ets pelow Marmoth Size Bulbs 1.00 4.50 NSCS Dime mS iy oo) SE) Oy SU) eS sameeren ee aoa Gouin Narcissus Silver Trumpet ......... 40 2.25 9.00 Sir Walter Scott, fi ee : : ir Walter Scott, fine striped ....... 90 3.90 Hyacinths Zonatus (fall flowering), lavender... 1.75 8.00 Choice See ee elmer ta arr. eet F oa oe Fae Tris Extra Select Mixed... ...........- a : There is a peculiar charm about the Iris that ap e i peals Select S5 eee White.......... an en rae irresistibly to the lover of beautiful flowers. Select Single Red.............-... 50 3.50 16.50 Per Per Per wnaules eens, eee Seis eth ree Bree Doz. 100 500 as OTSA oe ANS Pop eee ; : Spectabilis, Mauve blue......... $1.00 $5.00 $20.00 ee Blusbiwhite aller He nen Honorabilis, yellow with crimson 1.00 5.00 20.00 Willi a I a St ‘ 4 Bey ~~ 725 9.00 William III, pinkish lavender..... 2.00 12.00 TVBUEN Dy ELIREG! Soo osocgenocues ° 2 Atropurpurea, deep purple........ 1.50 8.00 Tulips Compte de St. Clair, deep violet.. 1.75 11.00 Siberica Blue, handsome blue, long Choice Mixed Single..... 5 3.25 Steniggee ee sehnee 1.25 7.00 30.00 Extra Select Mixed Single 1.00 4.00 Orientalis Snow queen, ivory white, Choice Mixed Double ... ila ZEB) Dene Be aon 1.75 13.00 Choice Mixed Darwins. . ner een) 12455) (6:25 Orientalis Gigantea, white, orange Choice Mixed Parrott ............ 20 lee OMeAat BlotchPrmene tans oer senate 2.00 15.00 Choice Mixed Cottage Garden.... .25 1.50 7.00 Pumila, rich royal purple, sweet Duchess de Pharma, red and orange, SCONLEG Rae oe ee ee 1.25 8.00 slong ose ooake soppy cogehoseue 20 1.15 5.25 Oprris Root (Iris Florentina), creamy Cottage Maid, white edged rose... .20 1.15 4.25 WADI VAD oso cewosococeee 1.50 10.00 Pink Beauty (new), bright pink. . 65 4.75 Japanese Iris,many beautiful colors 2.50 15.00 THE WAGNER PARK NURSERY CO., Box No. 787, Sidney, Ohio Florists, Landscape Gardeners, Nurserymen LN TTT The Readers’ Service gives information about insurance King ofp vellows-sruee. scot: $0.30 $1.65 $6.25 OCCT TTT TTT aT TT TA 346 T H Ey GA RD EON MAG AV Zan aE JuLty,1914 An up-to-date home deserves an up-to-date refrigerating plant The old-fashioned ice-box has no more right in a fine, modern home than an obsolete heating system. Let us de- monstrate to you the sanitary features and other advantages of the System of Refrigeration (Using the A-S Machine) Unlike the damp, ice-cooled refrigerator, the low, dry temperature made possible by this system prevents the breeding of disease germs in the refrigerator. Foods also last longer than when cooled with ice and have a better flavor. The home that is equipped with the J-M System is independent of the ice supply at all seasons, and always enjoys a bountiful supply of pure ice for table use. Lastly, this system puts an end to the dirt and muss of the ice man. Most economical system on the market, and different from all others. No ammonia or fumes of any kind. Absolutelysafe. Machine runs by electricity or any other power. Simple in operation. Write nearest branch for booklet H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO. Manufacturers of Asbes- = Waterproofing; Sanitary tos Shingles; Roofings; Specialties; | Acoustical Stucco; Pipe Coverings; S Correction; Cork Tiling, Cold Storage Insulation lr k etc. Albany Cleveland Louisville Philadelphia Baltimore Dallas Milwaukee Pittsburgh Boston Detroit Minneapolis San Francisco Buffalo Indianapolis New Orleans Seattle Chicago Kansas City New York St. Louis ma Cincinnati Los Angeles Omaha Syracuse 2045 THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LIMITED Toronto Montreal Winnipeg Vancouver i Constructed for use on estates, small parks, etc , for spraying shrub- |. bery and fruit trees. Provided with 150 feet of hose, 25-foot lengths- Engine, standard Domestic type. Pump capacity, 250 gallons per | hour, removable bronze ball valves, each in separate cage. Cylinder © has removable brass liner. Barrel fitted with automatic paddle agi- § tator and brush for preventing clogging. Engine Catalogue No. 14 and ““Made Money by Spraying’’ sent Free. Write for these catalogues to-day. Domestie Engine & Pump Co., Box 535, Shippensburg, Pa. 2 z Wists acai « Are You Going Abroad? (Continued from page 346) the terraces, the pool with its fine groups of statuary and seats, the Sicilian garden, the orangery, the great walks with their fountains and surrounding statues, the court at the Picture Gallery, and Charlottenhof, now an Italian villa, and surrounded by beautiful grounds. This wonderful garden has two great rivals, each possessing a different type of beauty — Kew Gardens (London) and Versailles. SCHWETZINGEN (6 miles south of Heidelberg, by rail; open to the public daily). — This striking garden of 117 acres was laid out in the French style, about 1750, for the Grand Duke of Baden, who had it embellished with beautiful statues, temples, fountains, pools, and canals, and a Turkish villa of unusual interest. To-day the garden is in a sad state of neglect. HERRENHAUSEN (Suburbs of Hanover; open to the public). — This interesting old garden is in the French style, and while it is not well kept, it is well preserved, and still has many features of beauty. It was laid out about 1760 with great trimmed hedges of oak, shady avenues, excellent statuary, fountains, and pools, a cascade of unusual design, and a terrace, called the ‘“‘terrace of the dancers,” from the statues of female dancers that adornit. This is the ancestral home of the reigning family of England, once kings of Hanover. WILHELMSHOHE (Suburbs of Cassel, which is 90 miles north of Frankfort-on-the-Main; open to the public). — This great park was first laid out in the French style, but was altered to the landscape style about 1815. There are many fine trees, and plea- sant walks and drives from which charming views may be had of the city lying in the valley below. ‘ ji Ty MUNG [ C The one striking feature at Wilhelmshohe is the great cascade, 200 feet high, at the top of which stands a great tower 300 feet high, capped with a giant Hercules 20 feet in height. This feature is all that remains of the formal gardens. KARLSRUHE (Open to the public). — The Schloss Garten, or Palace Garden was laid out in 1755. The garden at the front of the palace is carefully and beautifully kept, while part of the great formal garden in the rear of the palace has been converted into a park in the Jandscape style. The other powiey still retains the radiating walks of the formal style. ; LINDERHOF (8 miles from Oberammergau [car- riages], which is 62 miles south of Munich; open daily to the public from May 15th to Oct. 16th). — The garden at Schloss Linderhof is an excellent example of the Italian style, in a purely Italian setting. It was built for King Ludwig II of Ba- varia in 1878. The arrangement of the terraces, trellises, temples, statuary, fountains cascade, and foliage features make this garden the most charming example of the Italian style to be found in Germany. There are many schloss gartens and parks laid out in the English style all over Germany that are most instructive, such as Schloss Garten, Stuttgart; Schloss Garten, Mannheim; Schloss Garten, Olden- berg; English Garden, Munich; Palm Garden, Frankfort; Tier Garten, Berlin; Hofgarten, Dussel- dorf; Berger Park, Bremen; Masch Park, Hanover. Many formal gardens in France and Germany were changed to the landscape style in.the first half of the i9th century and are to-day beautiful parks. » Wiri1aM ELMORE Briz-Zarp. rit f mel IETY l Meetings and Exhibitions in July 1. New York Florists’ Club: annual outing at Glen Island, N. Y. 2 Worcester Co. Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: meeting. 6. Staten Island Garden Club: meeting at Mrs. Ernest Flagg’s residence, Dongan Hills, S. I. 9 Worcester Co. Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: meeting. 11. Dobbs Ferry (N. Y.) Horticultural Society: meeting. 11-12. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass.: sweet pea show. 13. Garden Club of New Rochelle, N. Y.: regular meeting. 14-15. Northwest Arkansas Fruit Growers’ Society: summer meeting. 16. Worcester Co. Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: meeting. Foreign Fixtures __ ‘ Belfast, Ireland: National Sweet Pea Society, July 24. Berne, Switzerland: Exhibition May 15, to October 15. 20. Staten Island Garden Club: meeting at residence of Mrs. Harry Alexandre, Clifton, S. I 22-23. Southampton (L. I.) Horticultural Society: exhibition. 23. Worcester Co. Horticultural Society, Worcester, Mass.: meeting. 25. Bar Harbor (Maine) Horticultural Society: sweet pea show. : : 4 Dobbs Ferry (N. Y.) Horticultural Society: meeting. 30. Worcester Co. Horticultural Society, Worcester Mass.: meeting. Date to be fixed in July, depending on local weather condi- tions: Garden Club of New Rochelle, N. Y.: sweet pea show. ¥e London, England: Anglo-American Exhibition at Shepherds Bush, May to October; Royal Horticultural Society, Summer flower show, Holland House, June 30, July 1 and 2; National Sweet Pea Society, Royal Horticultural Hall, July 16; Metro- politan Exhibition, Royal Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, July 7; Provincial Exhibition, Bath, July 16; Autumn rose show, Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, September 24. Moscow, Russia: Universal Exhibition of Trade and Commerce, spring, 1915. Note: — The Editors will be grateful for information about the doings of gardening societies. clubs, etc., and especially as regards coming events. In order to ensure timely publication, the information must reach the Editors by the tenth day of the month preceeding the date of issue in which the fixture should appear. Two New Plants The Society of American Florists and Ornament- al Horticulturists gives notice of the following reg- istration of new plants: By Peter Henderson & Company, New York City, a “sport” from the geranium Double General Grant. Habit and foliage same as parent, flowers deep salmon; name, General Funstan. By the United States Nursery Co., Roseacres, Miss., a sport from the climbing American Beauty. Identical with the parent in growth, foliage and general appearance, except the color, which is a deep, pure pink. The variety is very floriferous, and the flowers maintain their color until the pet- als fall; name, Climbing Pink American Beauty. The Gulf Coast Horticultural Society The growers along the Gulf Coast, interested in the culture of Satsuma oranges particularly and also in certain lines of truck growing, have recently organized the Gulf Coast Horticultural Society. If you wish information about dogs apply to the Readers’ Service Its territory will embrace a narrow belt along the coast including Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and portions of Florida. The first meeting was held about the 17th of April with good attendance and the movement launched, and a second meeting was held on April 24th to complete the organization. Alabama has a flourishing State Horticultural Society and this movement is in no sense intended to be antagonistic to, or in conflict with, the State Society. New York Flower Show, 1915 Arrangements are being made for the third annual spring flower show in New York City to open at the Grand Central Palace March 17th, next year. Mr. FR. Pierson is again chairman of the Com- mittee, and Mr. John Young, secretary and business manager. The successful events of this year and of last year have abundantly demonstrated that the metropolis will respond to a flower show that is worth while. Jury, 1914 Windows and Piazzas Ideal Combination of Blind and Awning. Very easily operated; slatsopen and close to admit air yet exclude sun rays; can be |} pulled up out of sight if desired. Adds unique architectural distinction. = Hon illustrated Booklet las G.Wilson Mfg.Co. 3to7 West 29th. St.New York Patentee and Manufacturer of Inside and Out- side Venetians, Piazza, Porch and Veranda Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglar and Fireproof Steel Curtains. “Hygienic Wardrobes, Wood Block Floors. We have issued a Very Interesting Catalogue on “PERGOL AS” showing a series of new designs; can be had free on request. Catalogue “* * for Pergolas and Columns for Pergolas. Catalogue ““‘H 40” for Exterior and Interior Wood Columns. Hartmann-S anders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of KOLL’S pLSTENG LOCK JOINT STAVE COLUMN Suitable for Pergolas, Porches or interior Use Main Office and Factory: ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 6 East 39th St, New York City Pacific Coast Factory A. J. Koll Plg. Mill Co., | Los Angeles, Cal. A course for Home-makers and Gardeners taught by Prof. Beal. of Cornell University. Gardeners who understand up- to-date methods and practice are in demand for the best positions. A knowledge of Landscape Gar- dening is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Pror. BEAL 250 page catalogue free. Write today. THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 9, Springfield, Mass. ent eGae ke DIHeNs MoAYGA Z I N.E A well-kept lawn near Rye, N.Y, The “Making” of a Park HE United States Government on its parks and reservations, Golf and Country Clubs, and owners of Private Estates all over the country are using the COLDWELL Combination Roller and Motor Lawn Mower They find it the best and most economical equip- ment for caring for large stretches of lawn. The Coldwell both mows and rollsat the same time. It does the work of three men and three horse mowers on less than a gallon of gasoline an hour. It climbs 25% grades easily. It is simply designed and easy to operate. The Coldwell line includes horse mowers with the new demountable cutter feature. Also hand mowers in 150 different styles and sizes. Write for catalogs and an interesting booklet ‘‘The Care of Lawns.” 8y remranion COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY Manufacturers of Hand, Horse and Motor Power Lawn Mowers Office and Factory at Newburgh, N. Y. Warehouses: Philadelphia, Chicago Ready August First oe BEcoanen sv pROYAL WARRAMT HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGEV CARTERS BULB CATALOGUE CARTERS TESTED SEEDS, INC. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg. BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS ee IN es = Branch of James Carter & Co., London, England The Readers’ Service will give information about automobiles Free on Application SEEOSMEN GY SOYA, WARRANT HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE ¥ 348 T BE GA RU DV EN: MAS GS AG Zi Ne Juny,1914 Wash-day a Red Letter Day Putting up the line, putting out the wash, taking down the wash, taking down the line, takes 26 hours of time and 6 miles of steps a year. HILL’S CHAMPION CLOTHES DRYER saves you all this annoyance. Just stand in one place and turn revolving top. Holds full wash. Can be put up in one minute. Compact and sightly. If your hardware dealer cannot supply you, write to us. Send for illustrated Folder No. 2. HILL DRYER COMPANY 302 Park Avenue Worcester, Mass. Japan Bamboo Stakes DO NOT DECAY like wood or Swamp Cane. Lasta long time. Stake your Lilies, Gladioli, Her- baceous Plants, Pot Plants, etc. GREEN COLORED 50 100 250 500 I,000 26 ft. - - $035 $o 60 $1 50 $2 50 $4 50 Bue. longs 45 US Bey 6 ee Avie WOME 5. 5 Gow Coy 2550) 4 Conn 750 NATURAL COLOR tie 100 250 500 r,0co 6 ft. long . . $0 60 $1 00 $2 50 $4 00 $7 50 EXTRA-HEAVY BAMBOO STAKES FOR DAHLIAS, young trees, POLE-BEANS, TOMATOES, etc. 12 50 6 ft. long (diameter ? inch up) $1 25 $4 00 $7 00 8 ft. long os oe I 75 600 Io 50 H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., NEW YORK PANSY SEEDS Why pay five cents for ordinary plants next spring when we offer you 400 seeds of Mam- inoth European Pansy importations for 10 cents? If planted now they will give full bloom next season. Introductory price, 3 packets for 25 cents, with complete leaflet on ‘*How to Grow Pansies.” GLICK’S SEED FARMS, Box 34, Smoketown, Pa. VY More Water raised and delivered by the “American” Centrifugal Pump Es than by others because the impeller is accurately ma- chined to the casing, prevent- ing any sudden change in di- rection of the water. Mot an ounce of power is wasted. Every ‘‘American”’ Centrifu- gal absolutely guaranteed. Write for new catalog 120. THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS Office and Works, Aurora, Ill. First National Bank Building, Chicago Save SPN. Every lost tree means a bare spot for years. Stop this useless sacrifice of your finest trees. Davey Tree Ex- perts can save them by effective, scientific treatment. Write today for beautiful book giving details of the work of genuine Davey Tree Surgeons, the only kind good enough for the U.S. Government. Go direct to headquarters. 4 The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc. _ 722 Elm St., Kent, Ohio For the Southern Gardener ARCSTERS may be sown any time during the month. Give them a rich or well manured soil, and larger and finer flowers will be the result. Asters thrive when the nights are cool and will usually produce finer flowers in the fall than in the spring. Continue to sow marigolds and nasturtiums; they, too, love cool nights. Portulaca may be sown early in the month; it will continue to flower until late in September if you get it into the ground at once. Dahlias that are being grown for exhibition pur- poses should be pruned, and fed with extra manure or liquid manure. Prepare the soil now for early lilies to be planted next month. Get the soil entirely free from tree roots and spaded deeply. Use a large quantity of manure unless the soil is very rich; a little phosphate and potash added to the manure will increase the number of blossoms and improve their color. The nitrogen in the manure is the most important plant food for increasing the size. During droughts keep the lawns well watered. Privet hedges may be pruned now, as well as flower- ing shrubs that have finished flowering for the season. Remember that weeds in the flower garden and lawn do more harm now than at any other time, as they rob the soil of both moisture and plant food. Frequent shallow cultivation is very necessary. Deep cultivation is harmful to maturing plants, but is very beneficial to some young plants. IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN Plant white potatoes now for fall crop. Also, bush snap beans and cucumbers may be planted and tomatoes, pepper and eggplant may be set out. A shingle stuck sideways in the soil over the plants will shade them from the sun. Sow seed of lettuce, beets, carrots and salsify, any time during the month; also more cabbage and collards if desired. More sweet corn may also be sown now. Onions may be ready to harvest; if so, the corn may take their place. Prune the side branches from the tomato vines, and if the fruit is wanted for show purposes, allow only a few to mature on each plant. Summer squashes planted now will furnish fruit from the last of August until frost; soak the seed over night to induce immediate germination. The bush type is probably best for the home garden as it does not require as much space as the running sorts. Do not plant closer than eighteen inches to two feet in rows two to two and a half feet apart. Plant more watermelon seed late in the month. Soak it in water and plant when the soil is moist; if it does not come up promptly, the melons will probably not mature before frost. Use an early variety, such as Panmure’s Allheart, Halbert Honey, or Kleckley’s Sweet. ~ IN THE FRUIT GARDEN Prune the trees just as soon as the fruit is off. Continue to bud trees. Pot strawberry plants thus: place small paste- board pots filled with rich soil in between the rows and allow the runners to go from pot to pot. The pots do not cost much and this is the best way for starting a new strawberry patch in the fall. The growth of the plants is never checked. Bag the grapes so as to protect them from the sun and birds; the expense is little and it improves the quality of the fruit. WORK ON THE FARM Sorghum corn and millet may be sown for forage; also cow peas for hay. Spanish peanuts can still be sown in the Lower South. A little nitrate of soda applied to the soil when the corn begins to tassel will increase the yield wonderfully. Sweet potatoes and early planted peanuts may be turned over; use a large plow and bank the soil up to them. Running varieties of peanuts, how- ever, should always be cultivated flat. Give a shallow cultivation to cotton. A little nitrate of soda is good. Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. The Readers’ Service will furnish information about foreign travel A Long-Lived Trowel This strong, finely finished garden trowel is differ- ent from ordinary trowels. Made from crucible steelof fine texture. Itis1/16inch thick. Blade and neck one piece. Handle fastened with two steel rivets. Cleans itself, dirt won’t stick to it. In quality and workmanship no trowelislikeit. Itis practically everlasting. garden tools are all of first- tate quality andsoguaranteed. They are good touse because they are finely adjusted. Askto see these Keen Kutter hedge shears. You'll like the way they’re made and you'll like the way they work. Send for our Garden Tool Booklet, No. 1646. Tf not at your dealer’s, Write us. SIMMONS HARDWARECO. St.Louis, U.S.A 30 Practical Garden Plan $2.00 Sent Prepaid. A handsome 8 x 11, 116 page cloth-bound author- ity on garden making. 103 _half-tone illustra- tions of various types of CALIFORNIA GAR- DENS, and 50 landscape artist’s plans. Exper- imenting is slow and expensive. Profit from the experience of others. The right setting for a residence is all important for yourself or pur- chaser. Suitable for every climate and purse. Most effective treatments of landscapes, garden furniture, etc. Send today. Money refunded if not satisfactory. EUGENE O. MURMANN 474 Pacific Electric Building Los Angeles, Cal. nz MORE FRUIT from your trees if you keep _ them free from San Jose 425. Scale, Aphis, White Fly,etc., by spraying with $55 §2 GOODS sorassFISH OIL e SOAP NOS BY ga ee Ba Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write today. 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia = = JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, e Publishes helpful books Biltmore Nursery describing Trees, Flower- ing Shrubs, Hardy Gar- den Flowers, Irises and Roses. Tell us about your intended plant- ings, so that we may send you the proper literature. Write today. BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1772, Biltmore, North Carolina MOST POPULAR GARDEN [A FLOWER! Cordial invitation extended to all to visit my gard- ens during flowering season. Sample box containing so blossoms, different kinds, all labeled with names, for $1.00, to cover labeling and packing; express to be paid by purchaser. Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R.1., Box C-4 BARTON’S LAWN TRIMMER TAKES THE PLACE OF SICKLZ AND SHEARS—NO STOOPING DOWN SAVES 909% OF TEDIOUS LABOR 7 Cuts where lawn mower will not, up in corners, along stone-walls, fences, shrubbery, tomb-stones, etc. It is simple in construction and made to endure. Makes a cut 7 inches wide. Price only $3.75 each. Send loney Order to E. BARTON, Ivyland, Pa. Juuy,1914 tenet GoAekh Ober N | MAGA Z IN E 349 BANISH SPARROWS “¥ told them the truth; I knew it for the Bee a riches aay ce atercondin, euccece truth then, and I know it for the truth now”, said Frank Norris, writing of fully used all over America. For the love of our beautiful V A NDOVER | | VANDOVER AND THE BRUTE, ? ; 7 ¢ songsters get rid of sparrows. The U.S. Government, the Audubon Societies and all lovers of birds advocate the de- struction of this national pest—English Sparrows. Get rid of sparrows; native birds will return to your gardens. Sparrows are most easily trapped in July and August—young birds being most plentiful and bold. | Tells all about the many Dodson Bird Houses. é ae Te TEEN ( = es : By the author of ‘‘ The Pit,” “ The Octopus,’’ Etc. | A RGTPEENDOF THE NINETEEN THLC ENDURA “To have written such a story at such an age is in itself proof of the genius that impels an ambitious man in the right direction. Mr. Norris has accomplished what many other and more expert novelists have sought vainly. He has concentrated his attention and the read- i er’s interest upon one man and one man alone, and he THE DODSON SPARROW TRAP has compelled us to follow him to the bitter end. ‘Van- | | { F ___Mr. Dodson’s illustrated book about birds—how and the B R a J i E. ' | A STORY OF LIFE AND MANNERS ree to attract and hold them as friends and neighbors. i {NAN AMERICAN CITY iE Strong eee peut ee needle points dover and the Brute’ is a novel of which any writer mouths of two funnels : 2 5 oe Price $5'f- 0. b. Chicago. might be proud, and it emphasizes strongly the great loss Note:—Mr. Dodson, a director of the Illinois and Michigan Aububon . . * - - T +9 Societies, feseeen building houses for native birds for 19 years. He suffered by American imaginative letters in Mr. Norris’s builds 7 { tember 1914. Practical and theoretical training in the growing of fruits, veg- ¥ etablesand flowers. Simple carpentry. Bees. Poultry. Preserving. School Gardening and the Principles of Land- scape Gardening. Constant demand for trained women to fill salaried posi- tions. Write for Catalogue. Jessie T. Morgan. Director Ambler, Pa. Nor | | ILLETT’S| DIRECT FROM GROWER Maree user TO INDIVIDUAL PLANTERS AVOID DEALERS’ PROFITS bington Buy your Fall Bulbs now. We have Lilies, Trilliums, Erythroniums, Claytonias and many others. MEE Seni for our descriptive catalozue of over 80 pages, which tells all about our Plants and bulbs. It's FREE. EDWARD GILLETT, 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. tit asa Nacaatinnnitisniiaiaioaclipas Sold at prices which include freight, duties and ex- penses to destination. Send for Catalogue “A,” The Readers’ Service gives information : ; T quoting prices, to L about Poultry, Kennel, and Live Stock. ROYAL EILAND NURSERY CO. Hillegom, Holland or Sewage Disposal Plants Gasoline ‘Storage Tanks and Pumps F.B. VANDEGRIFT & CO., Forwarding Agents Home Power Plants — Gasoline Engines — Pumping Machinery - Bulletin on Any Outfit Sent on Request . 1 5-25 Whitehall Street New York City KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY COMPANY New York City Kewanee, Jils: Chicago The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Retail Shops TH ES GG. AvVEaD EN MAGAZINE Juty, 1914 THE HOME TABLE ELLY, as our grandmothers used to have to make it, and jelly, as we make it to-day, are two dis- tinct and very different stories. What a tedious and hazardous undertaking jelly-making used to be! By many housekeepers it was undertaken with fear and trembling. The gelatine or isinglass was in sheets or shreds that took an hour or more to dissolve; if the water was too hot the gela- tine would lump together; if you used too much gela- tine you had a hard rocky mass, and if you used too little the jelly would not “‘jell” at all. Jelly in those “good old days” was a delicacy used only on “special” festive occasions or in case of sick- ness. Now the new granulated gelatines that are on the market require no soaking and are far easier to manipulate; and the jelly powders, which are a mixture of gelatine already sweetened and flavored and absolutely ready to use, with the addition of boiling water, are a great saving of time and energy. Take orange jelly for an example. The contrast in amount of time and labor involved and clutter in the kitchen is very great. Rub lumps of sugar on the oranges to extract the flavor and color, the plain juice does not make so good a flavor. Soak the gelatine. After all is cooked it has to be cleared, as the great beauty of jelly is its attractive, brilliant color. To clear, the jelly must be boiled with the whites and crushed shells of eggs and then strained through a cloth —a clean piece of cheesecloth or a real jelly bag. All this entails much labor, whichis eliminated if you use jelly powders. Just have boiling water, your pack- age of jelly powder, a pint measure and a bowl, spoon and mould. There is no need for prejudice against the jelly powders that are now sold in packages. They are all plainly labelled, and if you are a crank on the sub- ject of pure food, examine the package before you buy. Some of them are labelled imitation fruit flavor, but one or two are distinctly marked “pure fruit flavor and vegetable color,” and under the present stringent pure food laws, you may be pretty sure that a jelly powder so labelled is really pure. I have been making up some of these jellies quite often lately, as there is a little girl near me obliged to lie on her back for many weeks, so every now and then I take her some jelly. Moulds Galore I WENT into town the other day to one of the big department stores thinking I might pick up one or two funny shaped moulds to please a child’s fancy. Idid! I picked out several, out of a possible forty and more, a most bewildering display, and that only in one store. Really one can have too much of a good thing! What a difference between the old and the new ways of preparing jellies! Modern simplicity, using prepared package goods, shown on the right Jelly powders are ideal for summer desserts as they require no cooking, so one is not obliged to stand over a hot fire in preparation. Many people have complained that they do not get the jelly to “set” properly although they think they have followed all directions carefully. There is only one way to measure a pint; that is by a pint measure. Accurate measurements will give success. The recipe calls for one pint of water. Now, many people will use a cup to measure; two cups of water will sometimes measure much more than a pint. It all depends upon the size of your cup. Keep the Kettle Boiling NOTHER thing, boiling water means really boil- ing. Sometimes if the kettle boils I have seen people take it off the fire or turn off the gas under it; the water then fas boiled but is not boiling. I keep the kettle boiling, then have a pint measure, scald this first (that is, pour into it a little boiling water, let it stand a moment, then empty it out quickly), fill the measure to the brim with fresh boiling water, and add it at once to the jelly powder already in the bowl. If the weather is very hot and you have no ice, do not quite fill the measure as the jelly will not set so well in hot weather. If the bowl in which the jelly is made is set in a shallower pan of cold running water the jelly will set quicker. Both Variety and Quality HESE jelly powders are made in seven flavors — orange, lemon, rasp- berry, strawberry, peach, cherry, and chocolate — so you can havea good var- iety. It is not necessary to give exact recipes for making, besides the few hints I have given above, as there is a little booklet in each package that gives many recipes and combinations. You may like, however, as we do, to take half the quantity of boiling water and dissolve the powder in that and add half a pint of sherry or port or grape juice. The directions also call for all sorts of fruits, nuts and even marshmallows to be used in combination with jelly. These things, to my mind, require to be used with discretion or you will find you have entirely obscured the original flavor of the dessert you set out to make. Pineapple must be cooked with a little sugar before adding it to the jelly or the acid digests the gelatine and the jelly will not set. Jellies can be served alone or with whipped or plain cream or custard sauce. When to be an Artist Though Married [ECO RS TIONS can be at the taste and purse of the maker. Your artistic talents can be brought into use, and more time can be given for decoration (Continued on page 352) ABSOLUTELY PURE Preferred by Housewives, Physicians and Pastry Chefs. making finest cake and pastry All foods advertised in this department have been tested and approved by Effie M. Robinson. Indispensable in Every woman who likes to serve especially nice Dissolve a package of Orange Jell-O in a pint of boiling water and when it is par- tially cooled pour it into glasses, leaving enough room for whipped cream at the top. Fruit may be placed in the Jell-O before it hardens. candied violets or a sprig of green on the-whipped cream. Like all the other Jell-O flavors, Orange Jell-O derives its fine flavor from the fruit itself. flavors, each selling at ro cents at grocers’ and general stores. Shall we send you the recipe book? THE GENESEE PURE FOOD CO. Le Roy, N. Y. “Nice Desserts desserts will be interested in the recipe book des- cribing the new Jell-O desserts. Many of the recipes are as simple as the one given here, and all are of the ‘‘easy”’ Jell-O variety. This is one of those delightful dishes that can be made up either with or without fruit. Orange Jell-O 2S at Lay There are seven of these They are also sold and recommended by the Doubleday, Page & Co. Cooperative Store a Sh a AR ny Jury.1914 Conducted Ey, i. EFFIE M. ROBINSON (shee eGo kh DION eM AGA ZIN E 35] ERRIS HAMS iy ONELESS BACON The Demand Today? I—Absolutely pure and wholesome food products! JIJ—Clean and sanitary packing! The Supply: FERRIS BURLAP COVERED ! Had LaLa a ai 0 DELICIOUS! APPETIZING! BUT! The Westfield Board of Health says — ‘“‘Absolutely Pure and es Wholesome.” A LITTLE HIGHER IN PRICE The New Housekeeping By Christine Frederick Consulting Household Editor of the Ladies’ 4 A solution of the servant Home Journal, and the National Secretary of problem. the Associated Clubs of Domestic Science. {| Efficiency in the kitchen. {| Business and the house- ; ; : keeper. It is the most practical book ever written for solv- ing the problems every housekeeper has to meet — the reduction of the cost of living — the elimination of drudgifying work. Illustrated. Net $1.00 Some of the Subjects: Says the New Orleans Times-Democrat : {| Household economies. "| Men and the household efficiency movement. New York s Garden City DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. It is delicious A well made cup of good cocoa best ful- iy fils the requirements of those who wish a delicious and nourishing hot beverage, and ’ is “good” Baker's Cocoa *..% in every sense of the word, pure and of high grade. Walter Baker & Co., Ltd. Established 1780 Dorchester, Mass. absolutely Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Let us send you a pint sample of AA Knox Gelatine