a+ ' fs ‘ , rts ies SS b Ue AEG he a Teh de uk 4; Spo Pat fee Weud be: peah aad ; a er rh oo er athe ante ——e ~~ © -— 33-7 ~ ean —a ge ee Se “= E = = —— | TH i) < . a ] he, eee : HE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Fer | GENERAL GUIDE ii 4 : ; AR detaonae TO THE 4 >< | wy, Pe id 4 &,/ al A ‘ : . ~% ha, = 7 “os _/ ~ : SXHIBITION HALLS efi Wid f sys ~ - - - os : ile ot Gynt ay 3 * an, * . ee . * 7 * net, > at, 2 So os x , * ere - a ee 7. “ :* it's —— e — ar “al _ y —— 3 ra . wwf “— ‘ —— ae 4 q = j al IH ps ott Bary wars & ts ‘ cr? Pr BY p | he te 4 o Ree = Dm ‘ EDITED BY _ FREDERIC A. LUCAS ae | EDITION OF 1927 Matar tras sian, Aaieeenaied oe Peete ~ PLS — . é ‘ “ ; j : ; “<9 a = a Sine | > an ° ohne — aot : 2 oe + 20d meet ae. al | et Sed * S — ; 3 : | = D ee : : Sie —— ey: ‘ oe == ~ “ ~ - SEegrivtass: a : . _— od 3 Sone ‘ ay —— rc ~ = = « x= — +e «2 « f “eo oo woe \ < ‘= } ~—, - at" | — . oo 4 | ney ~— @ - irs tye ~~ _ * * exe - “s aa mise = . ont ad 1 se S . - = y o-¢ > > - > met on ikea . a | | 7: = - a ' , ~ + =? =. aiaibens ~ nw = ogee POP greene ¢ > aa - ~ = % nine One —= + - = - ~ — pa . : eee — - = —> ~—it— ——+ ye 7 : ™ 6.8 = bel ~- : - 000 169$ J809 poyo[duto9 AT}UNIOA BUIM OIIAMOG [OOYDY oY, “Sp gde‘9SZ‘OTS ynoqe }SO9 [BJO} OY} PUB ‘So19B UOOPANOJ UVY} OO ST ‘JIT UBOOG JO [[RET puw Bury yseoy pojyoyduroo Apyusooa ysour oy) Surphypour “oanjonays yuoserd oy jo BIB LOOY [BIOJ OUT, “YLVq [BAUOT) SurjUoay yEY) oq OF ATPBAN Joop TYouw yUBIAOdUAT Jsour oY) ‘UOT Joos OTL ‘JUosoad oY) OAT] ‘oq OF SLOpBdSvY Youo pue ‘pouugd se winesnpy oy} JO paryj-ouo ynoqe st pozorduioa uoysod oy, ‘sexo, uIOIy yued puv vIyoog BAON WoO. yavd ‘OPIUBLS Pot ST SUIpPpINg oyy Jo [BMOPVUL OT, “PAST UL quBAy) [Broud\oy) Aq prey svar ‘orenbg uvzyeYyURPY JO [Te Adnodoo0 07 popuozur st Yor ‘uMosNyA OY} JO OUOJSLOUIOD OULT, 4 POY YPUIAOS-AYUOAVG Surovy ‘opwde yp yyNog AYOLSIH TWYNLYN AO WOASAW NVOIMANY AHL Selmi nik, PRESEN | EXHIBITION HALLS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR USE DURING THE REARRANGEMENT OF THECCOLLEC TIONS Owing to improvements in some of the exhibition halls, and extensive changes due to the transfer of exhibits to the new wing, it is not possible at present to issue a guide that will cover the entire building. This temporary guide in- cludes the halls now open and contains illustrations of many of the more important exhibits. Open free daily Weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays from | p.m. to 5 p.m. LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ee wn ee 7 WEST CENTRAL CENTRAL WING ies ® 9 4 13 12 WEST has PPE ee HALL OF EAST WING OCEAN LIFE WING ae SERVICE 3 5 + —— He 3 I! SOUTHWEST SOUTH SOUTHEAST SOUTHWEST WING SOUTHEAST WING PAVILION PAVILION —— [ PAVILION Pesan WEST CORRIDOR | EAST CORRIDOR)” Nore.—The names and numbers of the halls are to aid the visitor to locate the hall he desires to visit: they are not those officially applied to the various sections. THE MORE IMFORTANT EXHIBITS AND WHERE THEY MAY BE FOUND See floor plan of Museum above, for numbers and names of halls. Administrative Offices................ .Fifth Floor, Hall 1: South Pavilion Africa, Collections from................ Second Floor, Hall 4: West Wing Antelope Group......................Second Floor, Hall 10: Southeast Wing Astronomical Exhibit Auditorium......... Audubon Gallery......... ASbCC8. sod. 2s Oe ee eee eae Brie “Trees sw are ak alee ee eee _.. First Floor, Hall 7: .. Third Floor: second Floor, Hall 2: Birds of North America (Groups).... Birds: m: Wheht-.4.0. Las eee eee nce: Birds of the Vicinity... Birds of the World..... eee ee we First Floor First Floor, Hall 10: .Third Floor, Hall 8: Third Floor, Hall 8 ..Second Floor: .Second Floor, Hall 8: West Corridor Central Pavilion West Corridor Southwest Wing Southeast Wing South Central Wing South Central Wing West Corridor South Central Wing Bislding Stones’... 33.000. ee First Floor, Hall 7: Central Pavilion Butteriies. . 26.0254 4d. be oe ee en, ee Southeast Pavilion Chinese Collections.... Copper Queen Cave... .. Third Floor, Hall 3: Darwin Hall! ? sec 3 enw eae .Fourth Floor, Hall 8: .First Floor, Hall 11: Southwest Pavilion South Central Wing Southeast Pavilion Dipiosaurs. iss exeidsainee oe ae Fourth Floor, Hall 12: East Wing DOGS, 6 soos ied wk eee oe i i ee South Pavilion Elephant Groups: o:..5 5s 0-.4s«s0e: ....Second Floor, Hall 11: Southeast Pavilion Eskimo Collections...................First Floor: North Corridor Fishes... visgsdsaaes sce eee a ee I ee East Wing Fly, . Model.) «cc 22 pcg tn eae First Floor, Hall 9: School Service Wing Food, . . «oi. «vn Slawle, o/h acl re ce ee a OS School Service Wing Forestry, North American............ .First Floor, Hall 10: Southeast Wing 2 OST CS Fossil Invertebrates.................. Fossil Mammals (Horses, Camels, etc. ). Fossil Mammals (Mastodons, etc.).. . Fossil Reptiles and Fishes........... Gems and Precious Stones........... Geology, Historical................... EE OEE EU dye oe MMR EV OUTS. ASS ek eoein ee ae aes Indians of New York.. Indians of South here ica... Indians of the North Pacific piegtes Beaten or ihe Plains... ....5...:. Indians of the Southwest............. Indians of the Woodlands......... Serormavion- BuUreali: .......0....-:- I ee cs ca keh de Invertebrates (Darwin Hall)........... Library, may be consulted by v sitors. Mammals (Synoptic Collection)....... Mammals of North America......... Mammoths and Mastodons....... Maori Heads, Tattooed............. Maya Sculptures... Members’ Room.. ; ior cl Meteorites, Gener x Collecticis Ie MRNA Ea, or yo So, Mankeys and Apes....-............ Bierouite Model... .2.:...0..0.6.... Peanraemirinkets-. ee ee DEUS NE i eh se el es Offices, Education... Pacific Island Galleations. Peruvian Collections............0.... Bbilippine’Collections............... Prehistoric Man of Europe........... Prehistoric Man of North America... Public Education, Offices............ Pupie Health Exhibits.............. Seals, Sea Lions, Groups............. Shells. . \ face eae te ao ee A oe Toilet aon featiance ie) a aed De Totem Poles. . Trees of North pecan Mietmaatn FOO... 2s. 8 ok ee kl Whales and Porpoises.............. Woods, North American.............. Fourth Floor, Fourth Floor, Fourth Floor, Fourth Floor, Fourth Floor, .Fourth Floor, .Fourth Floor, Second Floor, Fourth Floor, Fourth Floor: Hall 2 Third Floor, Hall 11: Hall 8: Hall 10: Hall 1: Hall 11: Hall 2 Hall 11: Hall 11: Hall 10: First Floor, Hall 4: .. First Floor, Hall 2: .. Third Floor, Hall 2: .First Floor, Hall 8: First Floor, Hall 3: .First Floor, Hall 4: .. First Floor, Hall 2: .First Floor, Hall 1: .Third Floor, Hall 11-10: First Floor, Hall 11: Fifth Floor, Hall 1: Third Floor, Hall 10: .Second Floor, Hall 10: .. Fourth Floor, Hall 1: .Fourth Floor, Hall 3: ...Second Floor, Hall 2: .. Third Floor: First Floor, Hall 7: Fourth Floor, Hall 2: Third Floor, Hall 1: .First Floor, Hall 11: First Floor, Hall 4: .First Floor, Hall 13: Fifth Floor, Hall 1: ... First Floor: .. Fourth Floor, Hall 3: . Third Floor, Hall 2 .Fourth Floor, Second Floor, Hall 3: Second Floor, Hall 3: .First Floor: Hall 4: First Floor, Hall 9: .First Floor, Hall 13 First Floor, Hall 13: First Floor, Hall 8: oe irst) Rloor; Halls: .. First Floor, Hall 10: .First Floor: .. First Floor, Hal] 13: .First Floor, Hall 10: Southeast Pavilion South Central Wing Southeast Wing South Pavilion Southeast Pavilion Southwest Wing South Central Wing Southeast Pavilion Southeast Wing West Corridor Southwest Wing West Wing Southwest Wing Southwest Wing South Central Wing Southwest Pavilion West Wing Southwest Wing South Pavilion Southeast Pavilion and Southeast Wing Southeast Pavilion West Corridor Southeast Wing Southeast Wing South Pavilion Southwest Pavilion Southwest Wing East Corridor South Central Wing Southwest Wing South Pavilion Southeast Pavilion West Wing East Wing, Entrance South Pavilion School Service Wing Southwest Pavilion Southwest Wing West Wing Southwest Pavilion Southwest Pavilion School Serivee Wing School Service Wing Hall of Ocean Life Hall of Ocean Life South Central Wing SouthCentral Wing Southeas: Wing Right of Entrance Hall of Ocean Life Southeast Wing STATUE OF MORRIS K. JESUP IN MEMORIAL HALL Mr. Jesup, President of the American Museum of Natural History for more than a quarter of a century, was a staunch supporter of the institution’s two alms: to be a great educational institution for the people and also a center for activity in scientific research Just at the right of the entrance is the Visitors’ Room and Infor- mation Bureau, where postcards, guide leaflets, and other museum publi- cations are for sale and where visitors may arrange to meet their friends; the sales booth also opens on Memorial Hall. Wraps and packages may be checked at the desk on the left, near the office of the Superintendent, and wheel chairs for children and adults may be obtained free of charge. From the lobby the visitor enters Memorial Hall and faces the statue of Morris K. Jesup, a founder, trustee and benefactor of the Museum, and for twenty-seven years its President. In niches around the wall are busts of noteworthy pioneers of Science in America, and circling the hall is a portion of the collection of meteorites, comprising the larger examples, among them Ahnighito, weighing 36.5 tons, the largest meteorite in the world, brought from Greenland by Peary in 1897. On the right and left of Memorial Hall are the small Assembly Halls in which various scientific and other societies hold their meetings. The large lecture hall, seating 1400, is at the end of the Hall of Indians of the Northwest Coast. The new ScHoou SERVICE WING contains the offices of Education and Public Health, the slide room, where loans are made to public schools, and several lecture rooms equipped with projection apparatus for the accommodation of classes numbering from 50 to 250. Entrance from West Corridor, and from Hall of Indians of the Pacific Coast. The elevators start at intervals from the East Corridor, at the entrance to the hall of Trees of North America. The visitor may either take an elevator to the fourth floor and visit the halls as he descends, or choose his hall from the Guide or from the Directory opposite the elevators. or 9 punois oyy ut AB] FI OTM SuYsna 07 onp are syid yvois oy, ‘SUO} GT AOAO BYSIOA, ‘S9}VVIgG POPUL, OY} Ul pUNO;J IOAD JSoSIB] OY} PUB UMOUY 0}109JOUI SUTYSOIOJUL SOU OYJ, ALLANVTIIM sjdure448 [NyJssoovonsun OMY > Te) wie % > sd ‘ 2 2 R ‘ r r ‘ we / ~~ , NAS tr - 19yJB JGQT ul Arwag Aq puvjusery wWoIs FYSNOIG {suo} FOE JYSIOM “JU9} OY} OUUITYST oy} A po[[Bo ‘o}IOoJOU UMOUY 4SooIv] OUT, OLIHDINHY & - SE, NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS FIRST FLOOR MAGNOLIA, HALL OF TREES OF NORTH AMERICA Each of the five hundred species of trees of North America is represented by a section of trunk five feet long, some of a diameter not found in the country forests to-day. Many of the specimens are accompanied by wax models of leaves, flower and fruits accurately reproduced from life. Noteworthy among them is the magnolia shown here, but the reproductions of autumn foliage are extremely beautiful QR 6 your oq*Avur spoou say} MOY sjjoa_ puw Apoq uvuMyY oy} JO Spoou oy} SoyRysNT stg, “WBF oqn_ jo yuouryaedod “4GiqryxXG poo y oy} Jo Jawq SGOOAATAISSOd PART OF THE WHARF PILE GROUP Darwin Hall of Evolution One of the beautiful marine groups in Darwin Hall 10 NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS FIRST FLOOR 4 # s* g i é 5 . 4 ae i ee 7 re Ps ‘ ane as hy AN IROQUOIS WARRIOR Indians of Eastern North America 12 NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS FIRST FLOOR PIPE AND TOBACCO BAGS A DANCER OF THE DOG SOCIETY Dakota Indians Arapaho Indian INDIANS OF THE PLAINS Among the illustrations of the Plains Indians and their customs ost] Ayrep Jo syinsand Areurpio oy} Ul posesue UMOYS ov SUBIPUT OY} PUB ‘oUTUINS st OUT oY) ‘BUOZLY “OART SOB) UB oY} JO Ad[[BA oY} UL Prey ST oUVOS oY} ‘suUvIPUT AMO JO sUOYSND puUv oF, oy} Suryeaysnyt sdnoas ormvsowed VSAIVT OY} JO UGK LSAMHLNOS AHL AO SNVIGNI—dNOUD AHOVdV AHL OT MT Ne rer ‘Oh he 14 NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS FIRST FLOOR THE HOUSE OR TYPHOID FLY Enlarged model by Ignaz Matausch EXUYIB!IT OF PUBLIC HEALTH NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS FIRST FLOOR 7, THE YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO INSECT CARRIERS OF DISEASE——EXHIBIT OF PUBLIC HEALTH THE FLEA One of the enlarged models made by the late Ignatz Matausch from his original studies This is the Dog Flea, and not the Rat Flea, which is the carrier of Bubonic Plague 15 NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS SECOND FLOOR THE DODO—BIRDS OF THE WORLD Restored from Old Dutch painting gs. This gigantic, monstrous pigeon, was abundant in Mauritius when the island was discovered, but was quickly exterminated by the early Dutch navig: ators. The skull, feet and bones obtained from the marshes of Mauritius are all that we possess of this strange bird oe NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS SECOND FLOOR ‘ Se ee eee eee THE PTARMIGAN IN WINTER One of a series of four small groups showing the bird's seasonal changes of color brought about by molting and feather growth LABRADOR DUCKS, NOW EXTINCT BIRDS OF THE WORLD From the Group in the American Museum ST UOTPOOAIP STY JopUN pojndoxo pure S[OYIIN JavqoF] Aq poustsop dno.ay STVWNVN NVOINGNVY HLYON JO TIVH OdVUOI1OD NI SAATOM UAAWNIL “WVAL AHL NO r I MED. tay a ey ag: ee POPES. : went ge re he Lk, hie ay ee are 25 saat Ni ae Sage ie inl a bide BISON COW AND CALF PART OF PRONGHORN ANTELOPE GROUP HALL OF NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS This animal is peculiar to North America and is the only hoJlow-horned ruminant in which the horn sheaths are shed vearly 19 VOINGNVY HLOOS AO ANOLSTHUYd UOTVIIT[OD YYoy “O 10uTPY 9Yy UT VOIN VLSOO WOU SLOALAO ATOD LNAIONY 02 ALi. —s ws FE ee od ey 2 oe ee ven t é , Fe: ta THE AZTEC GODDESS OF THE EARTH PREHISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA The famous statue of the Aztec Goddess of the Earth called Coatlicue, ‘‘The Serpent-skirted One,” is a striking example of barbaric imagination. It was found in Mexico City near the Cathedral! in the year 1791. It doubtless occupied an important place in the great ceremonial center of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, and probably dates from the last quarter of the 15th century. The head, which is the same on front and back, is formed by two repulsive serpent heads meeting face to face. The feet are furnished with claws, but the arms, which are doubled up with the elbows close to the sides, end each in a serpent’s head. The skirt is a writhing mass of braided rattlesnakes. The creature wears about the neck and hanging down over the breast a necklace of human hands and hearts with a death’s head pendant in the center. Coatlicue seems to have been regarded as a very old woman and as the mother of the Aztec gods 21 ~ a WOULLOYsy ssopaMey Aq puv systino} Aq poyndosaod Uooq OsTR svY AUOTOD OY} fOABOT OF SPAIG OY} PosNBO LO Sjsou OY) PoAOAJSop OAVY YOY “loyywoA JOY PUB sopry ysry Aq pouvdoyBoty} UooG SBY AUOTOO VY} JO ooUOYSTXY OY} AVB_ AQ. pojoojord YSnoyIPY ‘sdnoas osoy} JO oATVoJo Jsour oy} JO 9UQG SdQOuyN GUI NVOTUANV HLUON dNOUD NVOITAd NMOUA £% BQUZUG JUNOT 0} “ysor0y peordoy oy} 1 9AO ‘vOUv] q ONT oY} Jo AoT]BA oYy sso 18 SUTYOOT SI SdNOUD dYId NVOIUGWVY HLYON dNOUD VAVZINO AHL IDAIOSYO OYJ, ‘sdnory yeyiqv yy parg ais ; a | TREPHINED SKULLS FROM PREHISTORIC PERUVIAN GRAVES That at the right is the skull first described by Squiers WU omtlie l= 7 ‘ PERUVIAN MUMMY BUNDLES AND MUMMY The ancient Peruvians wrapped their dead in fabries of fine cotton and wool, then covering it with a sack of strong cloth. The mummy “‘bundle”’ thus produced was often given a “false head”’ of cloth filled with cotton or vegetable fibre. Climatic conditions in Peru have preserved these mummies and their wrappings during many centtries ANCIENT PERU ie JAPANESE BEFETLE GROUP INSECT LIFE One of a series recently installed in this Hall. This is the beetle that caused havoc in the apple and peach orchards of New Jersey in 1924 25 NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITS THIRD FLOOR THE BUTTERFLY GROUP INSECT LIFE The Monarch Butterfly—migrating. This group includes 120) butterflies 26 ULv]Y JO ODY OY} JO ][VET oy} ur sjeunyyY oyifyo ouGQ) “OWINeY)-Np-jJUO,T JO WAMARD oY} UI SYouUIRTY JO UO wsod0Id oY} SUTZUIe (HLUVA AHL dO AYOLSTH) NVW AO ADV AONVUA NYAHLNOS AO SLSILYVY NONOVIN-OYDOD 82 SIWNAD GNV SIVYANIWN AO TIVH NYOUYOW AHL AO MIA TVUALNAO » Es ew bavi QUARTZ CRYSTAL FROM AUBURN, MAINE A single crystal of quartz measuring 26X19 X13 inches and weighing 253 pounds MINERALS AND GEMS (MORGAN HALL) Of SINBSOUIC, JO UOIJIOT[OD oY} 04 SUOT}IPpB YUId0I aL0Ul OY} JO OUO ST UOJO]OYS sr puv sopydoy jo osVy oy} JO pUd oY} Avo SHuNvsOUUBIAT, JRL OY} JO ATv1OdUIO}UOD B SBM [BUITUG STU, SdOLVYSAOINL YUNVSONIG GANYOH a PLE|ST OCENE FPLIOCENE —- MIOCEN 3 EPOCH = anh seemnticiatiok SB Data opine wi awe ate ah te retin rary MOR yung tata, 1, Woctnae om te ite al comapowiy oh te ati, | Hl EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE AGE OF MAMMALS (OSBORN HALL) One of the panels showing the evolution of feet and skull. The museum has the finest series of fossil horses in the world 31 SP (T1VH NUOMSO) STANWNVW JO ADV uorppedxg oyRISy ParyL oy} Aq poo ][0H VITOONOW WOdd SODA AYNVSONIG SNOWVA AHL AO ANOS ae (a3 IXHIBITS WORTHY E£ Y 4 NOTI FOURTH FLOOR omg Bh we hots Fie Kaien emg ai ry wer! A BIT OF WEYERS CAVE HISTORY OF THE EARTH Part of the section reproduced in the Hall of Geology 33 PE DNIM GOIAUNGS TOOHOS MAN NI HLIVAH OITHOd AGNV NOLLVOOGH fO SHOMAO AQ YAOK MON JO spooyY oyqng oy} OF pouvoy odoM sopys [2 1‘269 UY} Sse] OU GZG] UL ‘aSN WOOI-SSR[O IO} SOpl]S SUIPO[ES S1OYovO} [OOYOY oyQnd AUvudlT AGVIS AHL | DNIM GWOIAUAS 'IOOHOS MUN AWONOULSY ONIACGNLS ‘WOOU SSVTIO GNI'Id AHL 9f uorytpodxy AvuseA-odioyyuney ayy AG poureyqo mB[IN JO dnoss v punosdos0y oy} uy ‘uoryvavdosd jo yuowziedop oy} A0J posn ATLWVAOdUIOY [[R}] VRISy MoU OY, NOILVUVdatd AO LNANLYVdAd LP RTE GRE PI IPCI” * miners) Rr a Api te _* Z FIRST FLOOR DARWIN HALL (Hall 11: Southeast Pavilion.) Tide Pool, Wharf Pile, and other Marine and Shore Groups; exhibits illustrating Variation under Domestication, Variation in Nature and Struggle for Existence. Malaria Mosquito. Beautiful models in glass of Invertebrates. TREES OF NORTH AMERICA (Hall 10: Southeast Wing). Examples of all kinds accompanied by reproductions of their foliage. The section of Sequoia at the left was 1341 years old, but was still a young and vigorous tree. INDIANS OF THE PACIFIC COAST (Hall 8: South Central Wing). Haida Canoe, Totem Poles, Chilkat Blankets, Baskets, Ceremonial objects. Murals. In the corridor beyond are the Eskimo collec- tions, Meteorites and Building Stones. Entrance to School Service Wing INDIANS OF THE EASTERN WOODLANDS (Hall 2: Southwest Wing). Wampum, Masks, Clothing, Canoes. INDIANS OF THE PLAINS (Hall 3: Southwest Pavilion). Indian Tipi, Sun Dance Group, Buffalo Robes, Beadwork. INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST (Hall 4: West Wing). Navajo, Hopi and Apache Groups, Navajo Blankets, Pottery, Baskets. HALL OF OCEAN LIFE (Hall 13). Groups of Sea Lions and Seals, Skeletons of Whales, Reproductions of Porpoises, Collection of Shells. PUBLIC HEALTH (Hall 9: School Service Wing.) Beautiful models of Fly, Mosquito and Flea, how diseases are spread and how prevented. Water supply, sewage disposal. SCHOOL SERVICE WING (Hall 9). Offices of the Department of Education and Phblic Health; Slide Room, where lantern slides are issude to public schools; lecture halls and class rooms. Entrance from Hall 8, South Central Wing and from West Corridor. ASTRONOMICAL EXHIBIT West Corridor SECOND FLOOR MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA (Hall 10: Southeast Wing). Moose, Bison, Wolf, Puma, Mountain Goat, Musk-ox, Caribou, Beaver, Elk and many other Groups. AFRICAN ELEPHANTS (Hall 11: Sovtheast Pavilion). Group intended for center of projected African Hall. Lion Group, Gorillas. 37 BIRDS OF THE WORLD (Hall 8: South Central Wing). Their classification and distribution. Dodo, Great Auk, Labrador Duck, Wild Pigeon, Birds of Paradise. Flying Birds. BIRDS OF THE VICINITY (West Corridor). Those found within fifty miles of New York City, including many small groups. ANCIENT MONUMENTS OF MEXICO (Hall 2: Southwest Wing) and Central America: Keith Gold, Stone and Pottery Collection; Ancient Maya Documents. HARLY MAN (Hall 3: Southwest Pavilion) in America and Europe. Stone Implements, Rude Carvings and Paintings made by Pre- historic Man. In the near-by Tower exhibits illustrating the races of Man and their characters. AFRICA, ITS MEN AND MAMMALS (Hall 4: West Wing). Okapi and White Rhinoceros. Collections from the Congo. THIRD FLOOR MAMMALS (Hall 10: Southeast Wing). Their kinds and distribution, and other information about them. Reproduction of a Blue Whale 76 feet long; Skeleton of Jumbo. INSECTS (Hall 11: Southeast Pavilion). Their classification, habits and relations to man, illustrated by groups and many single speci- mens; note the group of Migratory Butterflies which contains 1200 specimens and the new groups illustrating the life history and habits of various insects. REPTILES (Hall 12: East wing). Groups and single specimens. MAN AND APES (Hall 3: South Pavilion). Monkeys of the World, shown by groups and many single specimens. GROUPS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS (Hall 8: South Central Wing). Preéminent for their truthful portrayal of the life of birds in their native haunts. SHELLS. The collection has been transferred to the Hall of Ocean Life. On the stairway AUDUBON RELICS, paintings and drawings. SOUTH AMERICA (Hall 2: Southwest Wing). The land of the Incas. Gold, Silver, Pottery and Stone Objects: Prehistoric Textiles, Mummies from Peru and Chile. ARTS AND INDUSTRIES OF CHINA (Hall 3: Southwest Pavilion). Bronzes, Porcelain, Embroidery and Carvings in Wood, Stone and Ivory. Clothing, Utensils and War Implements from Siberia. Objects from Tibet. ee FOURTH FLOOR AGE OF MAN (Hall 1: South Pavilion). Exhibits showing successive stages in the prehistoric human races of Europe. The cave-men and the animals they hunted. Mammoths and Mastodons. Ground- sloth group and other animals of prehistoric times. Wall paintings by Charles R. Knight showing prehistoric men and animals. FOSSIL MAMMALS (Hall 10: Southeast Wing). Evolution of the Horse. The largest and finest exhibit of fossil ancestors of the Horse. Fossil camels, rhinoceroses and titanotheres also illustrate evolution. Various other fossil mammals; the collection is especially rich in the rare primitive mammals of the Eocene and Paleocene. FOSSIL REPTILES. Ancient Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes. DINOSAURS, being transferred to new east wing. GEOLOGY (Hall 8: South Central Wing). Copper Queen and Weyers Caves; Copper Queen Mine Model; General Geological Collection; Fossil Invertebrates; Relief Models of Grand Canyon and other noteworthy regions. MODERN HORSES (West Corridor). Skeletons of wild and domes- ticated horses, and exhibits showing details of structure. Skeletons of some notable race horses. GEMS AND MINERALS (Hall 2: Southwest Wing). General Col- lection of Minerals, one of the finest in the world. The Morgan Gem Collection, comprising Gems, Precious Stones, and objects of Jade. PACIFIC ISLANDS (Hall 3: Southwest Pavilion). Tahitian Fire- walker, Maori Warrior, Maori Tattooed Heads. Feather Capes, Tapa Cloth. PHILIPPINE COLLECTION (Hall 4: West Wing). Tree House. Head Axes, Bead Work. 39 THE NEW OR EAST WING The new wing will contain the exhibits that have been crowded in halls where they did not belong and the material that has been gathered during the past few years and for which there has been no place. On the first floor, opening from Darwin Hall, will be the fishes that have been scattered in different places, especially in the hall of birds, where they were most incongruous. From the Hall of Fishes a corridor leads to the gallery of the Hall of Ocean Life to which are being transferred the whales, porpoises and seals—dispersed in many places—and other new pieces in course of preparation. Noteworthy among these is a group of northern sea lions which comprises some of the finest examples of these animals ever mounted. The collection of 15000 kinds of she]ls formerly in the West Wing is being re-arranged on the gallery. The second floor will be devoted to the great mammals of Asia and here will be shown groups secured by the Faunthorpe-Vernay Expedition to India and by the Third Asiatic Expedition. Among them are the Rhinoceros and the Wild Indian Elephant, Gaur Ox, Takin, Goral and Tiger. On the third floor will be the Reptiles, properly displayed for the first time and including such new and interesting groups as the Gala- pagos Iguanas, the Gila Monster and the Giant Tree Frog. In the Hall of Dinosaurs, fourth floor, will be gathered the largest and finest collection in existence of these extinct giants of the reptile world. The specimens cabined, cribbed and confined in various halls, associated heretofore with wholly unrelated mammals, will now have quarters where they may be seen to advantage. Some of these halls will be opened during the year, 1927. — ee soe si ”.,)”ClU One eee ee eee ——— DAU oy THE HISTORY AND WORK OF THE MUSEUM HE American Museum of Natural History was founded and incorporated in 1869 for the purpose of establishing a Museum and Library of Natural History; of encouraging and developing the study of Natural Science; of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects, and to that end of furnishing popular instruction. For eight years its temporary home was in the Arsenal in Central Park, during which time many important collec- tions were secured. History The cornerstone of the present building in Manhattan Square was laid in 1874 by President U. 8. Grant; in 1877 the first section (South Central Wing) was completed, and on December 22, 1877, the Museum *was formally opened by President R. B. Hayes. The Museum building is one of the largest municipal structures in the City, and has cost approximately $10,786,306.48. The South Facade is 710 feet in length: the total area of the floor is about 15 acres, of which eleven and one half are open to the public. The building when completed is designed to occupy all of Manhattan Square. The building is erected and largely maintained by the City, through the Department of Parks. Building funds are provided for by issues of Corporate Stock, which have been made at intervals since 1871. The annual appropriations, known as the Maintenance Fund, is devoted to the heating, lighting, repair and supervision of the building and care of the collections. Administration and Support The Museum is under the control of a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees, which has the entire direction of all its activities as well as the guardianship of all the collections and exhibits. The Trustees give their services without remuneration. The funds which enable the Trustees to purchase specimens, to carry on explorations and various forms of scientific work, to prepare and publish scientific papers and to enlarge the library, are raised by contri- butions from the Trustees and other friends. These contributions come from three sources—namely, (1) the Endowment Fund, (2) Member- ship Fund, (3) voluntary subscriptions. The interest of the Endowment Fund, which comprises gifts and bequests from many friends of the Museum, includes that of Mr. Jesup, and the still more magnificent bequest of Mrs. Jesup may be used for additions to the collections, research, and for publication. It cannot be used for the care or repair of the building, construction of cases or other maintenance work that is properly the province of the City to provide for. 41 The Membership Fund, derived from the subscriptions of Members, may be devoted to any purpose and is of particular importance in the educational work of the Museum. Voluntary contributions may be used for general purposes or for such special object as the donor may designate; some of the most vauable and important collections have been obtained by such gifts, as for example the Morgan collection of gems and the Juillard collection of ancient Pervvian pottery and textiles, and many of the more important ex- peditions have been financed in this way, notably the Third Asiatic Expedition, now in the field. There are at present about 8500 members. Annual Members con- tribute $10 a year for the support of the Museum; Life Members make a single contribution of $200. Member- ship fees are of great service in promoting the growth of the institution.- EK. Ray Lankester, as Director of the British Museum of Natural History, stated that: “The purposes of a great national museum of natural history are: (1) To procure by its own explorers or by the voluntary assistance of independent naturalists the actual specimens upon which accurate knowledge of the animals, plants, and minerals of the earth’s surface, and more especially of the national territory, is based; to preserve and arrange these collec- tions for study by all expert naturalists, and to facilitate, directly or in- directly, the publication (in the form of catalogues or monographs) of the knowledge so obtained—with a view to its utilization, not only in the progress of science, but in the service of the State. (2) To exhibit in the best possible way for the edification of the public, at whose charges these collections are made and maintained, such specimens as are fitted for exposure in public galleries, with a view to the intelligent and willing participation of the people in the maintenance of the Museum.”’ As the Museum is emphatically “‘for the people,” special attention is given to making the exhibits attractive and interesting as well as instructive, and it has ever been in the front rank, when not a leader, in this branch of museum work. At present the various departments of the Museum are grouped under four heads or divisions as noted below. The exhibits under this head show the appearance and _ habits of man in a natural state, or when and where little influenced by the his- toric cultures of the Old World. Special emphasis is ee given to the native tribes of the Americas, and their e Races of ‘ . ee costumes, utensils, ete., arranged according to the geographical divisions of the continents, thus demon- strating the relation of the environment to native life. Habitat groups, murals, and photographs, are added to complete the picture. But these Membership Purposes of Museums 42 exhibits are based upon data from tribes living since 1492, so for the life of the Indian before 1492 special archeological exhibits are arranged containing stone implements, pottery, and other non-perishable objects, as in the Mexican and Peruvian sections. In a similar manner exhibits for Africa, Asia, Oceania, and other parts of the world are presented. Finally, the bodily and facial traits of the different races are shown by plaster casts and photographs from the living, and of extinct races by reconstructions made from the study of skeletons. Deals with the structure of the earth and the animal life of the past. In the Hall of Minerals are the elements, or substances of which the earth is composed, while in the Hall of Geology are shown the combinations ef minerals into rocks and the results of the forces by which these rocks have been wrought upon to bring the surface of the earth into its present shape and condition. The exhibits in paleontology display by means of fossils the succession of life on the globe, the various stages that have been passed through before the life of the present time was reached. They show very clearly that not only were the animals of the past ages very different from those that are living now but that as we go back in time the animals become simpler, or lower, in form. While the effort is made to give a sketch of the characteristic life of different periods, naturally the greatest amount of space in the exhibi- tion halls is devoted to the larger and more striking animals such as the Horses and Dinosaurs. Asin other divisions, the objects shown form but a small part of the collections, the reserve or study series containing many thousand speci- mens and forming a reference library of objects for students of the past. Zoology includes the animal life of the world, from Man and his relatives to forms so minute that they are visible only under the micro- scope. Zoogeography deals with the distribution of animals. The purpose of the exhibits is to show their classification, or rela- tions to one another; their habits, and their distribution, for some kinds of animals are confined to, or characteristic of, particular parts of the world. The exhibits in Darwin Hall, which are devoted especially to the classification of animals—their relation to one another and combina- tion in groups according to their structure, give an epitome of animal life from which one gathers that the backboned animals—the class which includes man—form as far as numbers go but a small part of the animal kingdom. The Class of Mammals is treated at length in the Synoptic Series of Mammals. The Division of Geology and Palzontology Zoology 43 The purposes of the Museum so far as zoology is concerned are perhaps best illustrated by the birds. The Hall of Birds of the World is devoted to their classification and distribution, one series of specimens including examples of all the principal groups or families, while other series show the characteristic birds of various great areas or regions, such as North America, Africa and Australasia. The birds of a single locality, the Vicinity of New York, are shown together, and many groups illus- trate their habits and habitats—the general character of the regions where they dwell. Other branches of the Animal Kingdom, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects and Shells, are treated in other halls so far as limitaton of space will permit, but the rapid growth of the collections, due to the importance of securing examples of the animals while yet they are to be had, has brought about great congestion in the exhibition halls. The study series of various departments in this division include many thousand specimens of vertebrates and invertebrates, which not only offer material for research but preserve a record of the fast changing and vanishing life of the world. While all the exhibits are or are intended to be educational, the Museum, through its Department of Education, carries on direct ie educational work in the schools. It is the function of crak Kaci of this department to present the results of the other de- and Publication P2rtments of the Museum in simple form to the teachers and pupils of the schools. This is done by means of the “Circulating Nature Study Collections” of animals, minerals and other objects of such small or moderate size that they can be contained in small cases and sent from school to school; by the loan of lantern slides on various topics, often accompanied by prepared lectures on the subject illustrated, and by means of lectures delivered by members of the Staff at the Museum and in certain selected ‘lecture centers.”’ There is also a series of exhibits loaned to branch libraries, and special instruc- tion provided for the blind. Visiting classes of school children are also permitted to study the exhibits at the Museum under the guidance of Museum instructors. A course of evening lectures is given every Spring and Fall for the Members, to which admission is to be had by ticket; also courses of Science Stories are given on Saturday mornings for the children of mem- bers. Another series of lectures, free to the public, is given in conjunction with the Board of Education on Tuesday and Saturday evenings. Information as to natural science and recent discoveries is still further disseminated through the Museum publications, through the Museum Library, now containing more than 100,000 volumes, and through a Public Information Committee which from time to time sends out prepared bulletins to the press all over the country. 44 eae we ae lL ee eS —— = ee The completion of the School Service Wing will enable the Museum to greatly extend its usefulness in the way of lectures, exhibits and con- ferences with teachers and to carry on within its walls work which it could not undertake for lack of the necessary rooms and facilities. This is an important matter for while the sending of collections to schools is a recognized branch of museum work it is even more important to bring pupils to the Museum since the finest, most instructive, and largest exhibits must of necessity stay within the exhibition halls. The scientific side of the work of the Museum is based upon its study collections, which are mainly gathered by the museum expeditions: They include Anthropology and the various branches Study of Natural History with the exception of Botany, and Collections are especially rich in Fossil Vertebrates and objects from the North American Indians. These study col- lections are not merely for the benefit of students, but preserve a record of the fast-vanishing wild life of the world and of the life and custom of primitive peoples, and especially of the North American Indians. But for museums we should have no examples of many of our animals (a striking instance is that of the Passenger Pigeon) and no records of the customs and industries of various primitive peoples. In the case of Natural History the vast majority of the specimens, particularly of insects and birds, are in these study collections which are cared for, so far as possible, in closed metal cases, in darkened rooms, light, dust, and such insects as moths and dermestes being enemies against whose attacks the Museum must constantly be on its guard. The Museum Library, located on the fifth floor, contains about 100,000 volumes on various branches of natural history (save botany), anthropology and travel. It is particularly strong in vertebrate paleontology and scientific periodicals. Like other museum libraries, it is of necessity a reference library, but, except on Sundays and holidays, may be freely used by the public during the hours when the Museum is open. The Osborn Library, founded by President Osborn, is also on the fifth floor and contains works on vertebrate palzontology and related subjects. The publications of the Museum, aside from the Annual Report, fall naturally into two groups: scientific and popular. The former, compris- ing the Memoirs, Anthropological Papers and Bulletin, contain information gathered by the various expeditions, or derived from the study of material collected; they are from the nature of their subjects mainly of a technical character. The Memoirs consist of the larger, more important papers, or those that call for unusually large illustrations. These are issued from time to time as occasion may demand. The Bulletin comprises the shorter papers, those that contain information that it is desirable to issue promptly, and two volumes of 45 Library Publications about 500 pages are issued annually. The scientific papers are dis- tributed, largely in exchange, to museums and libraries throughout the world. The popular publications include the Journal, Leaflets, Guides, and Handbooks, and are intended for the information of the general public; they ere plainly written accounts of the exhibits, or of the subjects they illustrate, and naturally contain much more information than can be given on a label. The .ournal, now Natural History, begun in 1900, is the means of promptly informing the Museum members of the work of the institution, giving the results of the many expeditions, telling of the collections made, or more important information gathered. It also describes at length interesting or noteworthy installations, and notes the accessions to the various departments, changes in the personnel of the Museum, and elections to Membership. The illustrated Guide Leaflets deal with exhibits of particular interest or importance, such as the Habitat Groups of Birds, the Evolution of the Horse, the Indians of Manhattan, calling attention to important objects on exhibition, and giving information in regard to them. The Handbooks, eleven of which have been issued, deal with subjects or topics rather than objects. Thus the Plains Indians Handbook, by Dr. Wissler, is not merely a guide to the exhibition hall, but tells of the life and customs of these Indians, their language, political organizations, religions beliefs and ceremonies. The distribution 0* these popular publications is a part of the educa- tional work of the Museum, as are exhibits and lectures, and they are often sold below the cost of publication, as is done by other museums. An important part of the Museum, not seen by the public, is the workshops, located in the basement and provided with machinery of the most improved pattern. Here, among other things, are constructed the various types of cases used in the Mu- seum, including the light, metal-frame case, devised in the institution. Another most important part is the fully equipped printing estab- lishment where all the printing of the Museum is now done. Still other rooms, which, of necessity, are not open to the public, are the laboratories, wherein is carried on the varied work of preparing exhibits, work which calls for the services of a very considerable number of artists and artisans. Here are cast, modelled or mounted, the figures for the many groups from Man to Myxine; here leaves are made to grow and flowers to bloom as accessories for beasts, birds and fishes, to say nothing of reptiles and amphibians, and here, with painstaking care, are slowly created in glass and wax the magnified copies of invertebrates. From all this may be gathered that a museum is a very busy place, much more so than the casual visitor isapt to imagine. 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